UBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD ENTGi».u._^|JALDi_pr. STATE PlmNT BOARD LIBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD y .. , » . •< i Technical Series No. 1. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, REVISION OF THE APHELINIM OF NORTH AMERICA A SUBFAMILY OF HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE FAMILY CHALCIDIDiE. BY L . O . HOWARD, ENTOMOLOGIST. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1895, LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, D. C, June 15, 1895. Sir: I have the honor to submit for publication the first number of the proposed technical series of bulletins, which, on account of their character, are intended especially for working entomologists, learned societies and periodicals, and libraries. The Aphelinime, which are monographic-ally considered in this first number, are insects of great economic importance, since they comprise the most abundant of the parasites of our destructive scale insects. Respectfully, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Hon. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. CONTENTS. Page. Explanatory to the new series 4 The Aphelinina* of North America 5 Host relations of species here treated 11 Analysis of the genera 14 Genus Eretinocerus 15 « Pteroptrix 17 Mesidia 19 Centrodora 19 Perissopterus 20 Aphelinus 23 Plastocharis 27 Encarsia 28 Aspidiotiphagu.8 30 Coccophagus 31 Prospalta 39 Ablerns 42 Physcns 43 3 EXPLANATORY TO THE NEW SERIES. While the work of the Division of Entomology is entirely carried on with the practical end in view, a certain amount of work of a technical diameter is constantly being done by different members of the force. The condition of our knowledge of North American insects at the present time is such that many forms which from time to time spring into prominence as destructive species, or as connected with destruc- tive species, either as parasites or predatory enemies, are found to be new to science. They must be classified, described, and given names before they can be intelligently considered in economic publications. The practice which has prevailed to a limited extent of naming and describing new species in practical bulletins and reports is one which has met with much disfavor among systematic workers. Isolated descriptions of new species are in themselves sources of great annoy- ance to all workers, and when these isolated descriptions are published elsewhere than in scientific journals or the proceedings of scientific societies the annoyance becomes intensified. The force of the Division of Entomology comprises several specialists who are doing descriptive work, and largely upon material accumulated in the course of the reg- ular divisional work. They are doing this work as a necessary supple- ment to the purely economic output of the Division, and to facilitate the investigations of the entomologists of the State Agricultural Experiment Stations. It becomes important that the results of their labors should be published promptly, and as all available sources of publication in this country, such as the Proceedings of the United States National Museum and the Transactions of the American Ento- mological Society, are chronically overcrowded with manuscripts, and are not published with any degree of promptitude, it is necessary that they should be issued by this Department. L. O. H. 4 THE APHELININA OF NORTH AMERICA. By L. O. Howard. The miuute and structurally interesting species of the chalcidid sub- family Aphelinime have been studied by systematic workers since the founding of the type genus by Dalnuin in 1820. This author differen- tiated the species A. insidiator and A. abdominalis from the older genus Entedon, with which they had previously been associated. In 1833 Westwood established the genera Coceophagus and Agonioneurus, Dal- man's Aphelinus having contained species of each. In 1831 Xees von Esenbeck established the genus Myina, which corresponded exactly with Agonioneurus. In 1839 Walker placed both Westwood's genera together under Aphelinus, but in 1810 separated Westwood's Coceopha- gus. Foerster, in his Ilymeuopterologische Studien, discarded Apheli- nus on account of its poor definition and Agonioneurus on account of its length, retaining Myina of Nees and establishing the family Myin- oidre, with the genera, Myina, Mesidia, and Coceophagus. In 1876 Thom- son revived Aphelinus and established the tribe Aphelinina. In 1878 Foerster, in his Klein e Monographic parasitischer Hymenopteren, added the new genera Encarsia and Centrodora, and referred incidentally to the group as Coccophagoida\ In 1880 the writer, following Thomson in the revival of the original genus Aphelinus, established the higher group as the subfamily Aphelininae and described a number of species in the genera Aphelinus and Coceophagus. Since then he has described occasional species in these two genera and has erected three new genera, viz, Ablerus, Aspidiotiphagus, and Prospalta. In 1851 Ilaldeman erected the genus Eriophilus to contain a single species, E. mall, parasitic upon Schizoneura lanigera, but, as shown by the writer in 1880, this genus is but a synonym of Aphelinus. Haldeman made no effort to determine the affinities of his genus, beyond stating that it belonged to the family Chalcidida3. In the previous year, however, Ilaldeman erected another genus, Eretmocerus, to contain the single species E. corni, which he reared from A ley r odes found upon the leaves of dogwood. This genus, which Haldeman considered to be allied to Mymar, is, as I am able to show by the rearing of new species, a true aphelinine. In 1891 Ash- mead placed the genus Eunoius of Walker in the subfamily Aphelinina? (Proc. Entom. Soc. Wash., vol. n, p. 108). Foerster had previously noticed the resemblance of this insect in certain characters to this group, but had removed it to the Pteromalinse, evidently on account of 5 the number of antenual joints. Later investigations, and particu- larly the discovery of two new closely allied genera which the writer has described in the Journal of the Linmean Society of London as Her- bert ia and Erotolepsia, have, however, convinced Mr. Ashmead, as he tells me in conversation, that Eunotus must properly be placed with the PireninaB.1 On the whole, not much attention has been paid to the insects of this subfamily in Europe. This is probably largely due to the fact that almost no attempt has been made to rear the parasites of Coccida'. It results, therefore, that the aphelinine fauna of the United States is bet- ter known than that of Europe. A number of species were reared in the Department of Agriculture by Professor Comstock when he was engaged upon his si inly of the scale insects of the United States in 1880, and it fell to the lot of the writer to describe the new forms. Since then others have been reared from time to time and described as indi- cated above. Mr. Ashmead has also described several forms. Fitch described one which he placed in fche genus Platygaster; Haldeman, as above slated, described two: Le Baron described one (placing it, by the way, in the proper genus), and the Abbe I'rovaneher lias described two, viz. Coccophagus brunneus and (\ pallipes. Unfortunately, however, C. brunneus is evidently a tetrastichine, while C, pallipes is a Sympiezis belonging to the subfamily Eulophinae. The Aphelinime are distinguished from their nearest allies, the Eupelminae and Encyrtina-. by the fact that the mesopleura are divided, the middle legs are not specially developed for saltatory purposes (although the insects jump well), and the first tarsal joint of the middle legs is not incrassate, the antennae are not more than eight-jointed, and theparapsidal sutures are distinct. The mandibles are small, two to three dentate, the maxillary palpi are three-jointed, and the labial palpi are represented by an elongate tubercle. The antenna' are inserted near the clypeus; the scape is long and slender. The front wings lack the postmarginal vein and the abdomen is broadly sessile. In the yellow species, when mounted in balsam, the curious internal structure which is called by Bugnion in his •• Developpement, etc., de VEucurtus fusci- eollis," the '-inesophragma'" (and which, from the fact that it seems to originate from the hinder portion of the mesoscutellum, is probably 1 The host relations of Eunotus Averenot known until E. lividus Ashm. was found in a lot of parasites seut nie by Mr. W. G. Johnson, of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History on May 1, 1895. Mr. Johnson had reared this series from a Lecanium on plum, together with many specimens of Pachynewron altiscuta How. The Euno- tus is probably a primary and the Pachyneuron a secondary parasite of the Lecanium. This coccid parasitism would apparently strengthen the idea of the aphelinine affinity of Eunotus; but it must be remembered that Tomoccra californica How., a true Pirenine, is the most abundant parasite of Lecanium scales in California and Hawaii. properly identified) is seen to extend far back into the abdomen, much farther than with Bugnion's Encyrtns. The insects of this subfamily are all, so far as we know, parasitic either upon the Coccidae, Aleyrodida}, or Aphididae. They are evidently many-brooded, and issue from their hosts indifferently throughout the warmer months of the year, and through the winter in the insectary. With the Aleyrodidae, Aphididae, and the Diaspinae among the Coccidae, but one specimen, apparently, issues from a single host insect. With the larger naked scale insects, however, several parasites may issue from a single host. Sufficient observations have not been made upon the early stages of the Aphelininae. Their larvae feed both upon the body of the scale insect and upon the eggs. They attack both sexes of the host, issuing when full grown through circular holes cut through the body walls, and, in the case of the Diaspinae, through the scale. With the scale insects of the genus Pulvinaria, the aphelinine larvae live within the body of the female and not in the waxy egg mass which she secretes. Economically, the Aphelininae are by far the most important of the parasites of the Diaspinae. Other scale insects are more abundantly parasitized by species of other groups, notably the Encyrtime, but with the Diaspinae it is really difficult to find an affected tree which does not bear scales pierced by the exit holes of some aphelinine. It was with a species of the genus Aphelinus that LeBaron made the first attempt at the transportation of a scale parasite from one region to another in which the parasite was supposed not to occur. As a matter of fact, however, while the numbers of the Diaspinae are undoubtedly frequently reduced to a considerable extent by the work of the mem- bers of this subfamily, I have never seen a plant affected by scale insects in which the Ooccidae were even approximately exterminated by these insects. Tbe claims which were at one time made in Cali- fornia of the extraordinarily beneficial work of Aspidiotiphagus citrinus upon Aspidiotus aurantii have always seemed to me unjustified, and in this opinion I am supported by the evidence of Mr. D. W. Coquillett, who states that upon personal examination of the orchard in which it was claimed that this parasite had nearly exterminated the scale he found that but a small proportion of the dead scale insects contained the issuing holes of the parasites. The great majority of them seemed to have been killed by some disease. The larvae of the early generations of tbe species of the genus Aplie- linuSj as may be inferred from what I have said in the previous para- graph, feed upon the body of the scale insect, but those of the late generations feed upon the eggs. Confirmatory evidence of the incom- pleteness of the work of the species of Aphelinus has been gained by the careful examination in the early spring of a large number of scales of Mytilaspis pomorum parasitized by Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Under the healthy wintering scales of the Mytilaspis will be found a varying number of sound eggs, but seldom less than 50, while nearly 100 may be found in a few. Examinations which Mr. Pergande made for me in the early spring of 1895 showed that while some of the specimens of Aphelinus had issued from the scales late the previous fall (evidently considerably after the egg laying of the females had been completed), others were present in the full-grown larval condition, ready to trans- form to pupa1. The latter were in the great majority. In no case, however, had all of the scale-insect eggs been devoured, even with those scales from which the parasite had emerged the previous autumn. Under these latter scales from 5 to 11 sound eggs were found, while under the scales containing full-grown parasitic larvae from 2 to 18 sound eggs were found. It seems, therefore, that the work of the last gener- ation of Aphelinus is no more effective than that of a ladybird beetle, probably not so much so. These beetles tear open the scales and eat the <\u,us. but frequently do not eat them all. In the latter case, how- ever, the exposure of the eggs may result in theii death, whereas the eggs which are left by the Aphelinus Avill undoubtedly hatch. It is unfortunate that the Aphelinus larva is not capable of eating every- thing in sight in the shape of Mytilaspis eggs, but we must take the facts as we find them, and it is plain that the good work of these para- sites has been overestimated. When these insects arc properly mounted they are not especially diffi- cult to study. The yellow forms have a delicate exoskeleton, and when mounted dry shrivel to some extent. The face falls in and the thorax becomes distorted. If thrown into alcohol they become discolored. If mounted in balsam they also become more or less discolored. All the yellow forms should be mounted in glycerin in a thin cell of Bruns- wick black. They should be mounted under a lens, and some care taken to spread the wings, legs, and antenna'. Several specimens may be mounted to advantage under a single cover glass. In all cases, how- ever, it is important that a colorational description be drawn up from fresh material, since even with glycerin mounts the colors change to some extent and become more sordid. With the black species, as of CoccophayiiH, the shriveling is not so liable to occur, and the larger species particularly can be studied to advantage from dry mounts on tags. Even so, however, Avhere more than one specimen of a given species is collected or reared, it is very advantageous to mount a por- tion of the series in glycerin, as above described. Details of struc- ture, aside from sculpture, can be more readily studied from slide mounts. Twigs and leaves infested with scale insects from which it is expected that these little parasites will issue are preferably placed in small, wide- mouthed jars, the mouth of each jar being wide enough to admit the band. The mouth of the jar is then covered with thin muslin held in place by a rubber band, or the glass cover may be placed over the mouth. Careful examination of the sides of the jar with a three-quarter-inch lens will usually enable one to find the parasites after they have emerged. It becomes then a critical question how to get them out of the jar and into a very small vial. This is done by turning the jar on its side with the bottom toward a window. The parasites will immediately jump or fly toward the light, when the cover may be removed and the hand, holding a little vial, inserted. The vial is placed over the parasite, which will immediately give a frantic jump back into it, Avhen the orifice maybe closed by the finger and the hand withdrawn from the jar. A little wad of cotton saturated with chloro- form is then inserted in the neck of the vial, and as soon as the para- site ceases to move it can be taken out with a delicate brush and mounted, as above indicated. It is sometimes convenient to use a large vial instead of a wide- mouthed jar for this rearing. In this case, as the hand can not be inserted, it is a more complicated operation to remove the imrasites after they have issued. Mr. Pergande accomplishes this in an ingen- ious way by taking a very small vial and wrapping the outside of its mouth with several thicknesses of paper until it forms a stopper to the larger vial. The combined vials are then held with the small one toward the window, and the parasites will immediately fly into the smaller one, where they may be easily killed and from which they may be removed and mounted. It is fortunate that they have this irresist- ible impulse to fly toward the light, otherwise it would be most difficult to remove them before mounting. I have not had an opportunity of examining identified European forms of the subfamily. Twenty-seven species were catalogued by Kirchner, as follows: MYINIDiE Eoerster. 511. G. Agonioneurus Westw. 1. abdominalis Nees. Deutsch. 11. Ida-us Walk. Eng. 2. Acestor Walk. Eng. 12. locustarum Giraud. Wien. 3. Argvope Walk. Eng. 13. lycimnia Walk. Eng. 4. Asychis Walk. Eng. 14. Inaron Walk. Eng. 5. basalis Walk. Eng. 15. Moeris Walk. Eng. 6. daucicola Foerst. Aachen. 16. Proclia Walk. Eng. 7. dubins Foerst. Aachen. 17. tibialis Sets. Wien. Aus Aphis chen- 8. facialis Foerst. Aachen. opotlii. 9. flavicornis Foerst. Wien. Gez. aus 18. varipes Foerst. Wien. Gezog. aus Aphis papaverisYh. Aphis viciee. 10. flavus Xees. Deutsch. 512. G. Coccophagus. 1. insidiator Dalm. Deutsch.., Wien. 2. obscurus Westw. Eng. (Aphehnus obscurus Walk. Mon. Chal. I, p. 6.) 3. scutellaris Dalm. Schweden. 10 513. G. Mesidia Foerst. 1. M. pallida Kirch. Im Grase im Prater, Augarten, and bei Klosteraeuburg. 546. G. Coccobius Rtzb. (under Encyrtime). 1. annulicornis Rt:b. Preussen. 2. circumscriptus Rtzb. Preussen. In Coccus pini. 3. fliivus Nees. Preussen; (Pallidas Rtzb.,) aus Coccus tilla \\\u\ accris. Wien. 4. luteus -Rte&. Preussen. In Coccus pini. 5. notatus A'/:/>. Preussen. In ^Ispidiotus rosce. Wien. The Ratzeburgian species of CoccobiuSj live in number, are catalogued with the EncyrtinaB. I have examined the original descriptions of nearly all of the species listed above, but with little satisfaction. They are invariably insufficient bo establish specific identities, although their generic affinities can in many cases be told. Thus, of Kirchner's list, dbdominalis Dalman (not Nees), tibialis, asyehis, basalts Westwood (not Walker), flavus and proclia belong to Aphelinus; while argiope, moeria, inaron. U/cimnia, and idasus belong apparently to Coccophagus. Flari- cornis and varipes are probably species of A pin linns. Of llatzeburg's species, described under Coccobius, notatus is a Coccophagus, andpallidus is an Aphelinus. The position of the remaining three is doubtful, but 1 should not be surprised if it were eventually ascertained that -annuli- cornis belongs to Physcus, circumscriptus to Prospalta, and luteus to Ablerus. Mr. Ashmead possesses a, pair of specimens from Germany labeled in Foerster's handwriting "Coccophagus xanthostictus R-atz.," which, as a matter of course, are correctly placed generically, and which differ specifically from any of our North American species, resembling most closely C. flavifrons Howard, from California. As to possible identities between European and American forms, we can only guess at present.1 It is possible that Aphelinus mail (Halde- man), the widespread American parasite of AphididsB, will prove to be a synonym of A. basalis Westwood, while Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch) may prove a synonym of ('. scutellaris (Dalman), and C. tmmaculatus Howard may prove identical with C. insidiator (Dalrn.). The question can not be satisfactorily settled by existing descriptions. To give an idea of the difficulty surrounding this question we give Dal man's descrip- tion of C. scutellaris: "Niger, scutelli macula nava, antennis fuscis; 'Since the above was written I have received a small sending of parasites of Coccida; from Prof. A Herlese, Scnola Realc di Portici, Italy, in which 1 have been a hie to recognize three of the species treated in this revision. These are Aspidio- tiphagus citrinus (Craw), which Professor Berlese has reared from a species of Alj/tilaspis on olive, from an Aspidioius on Acacia longifolia, and from Diaspis rosa1 on Ribes rubvum ; Aphelinus fuscipennis How., from an Aspidiotus on Acacia longifolia, and Prospalta aurantii (How.), from Aspidioius ederce, and from Leucaspis pinifolicb on Pinus eanaviensis. It is impossible to say whether these three species are of European or American origin. If European, as is quite likely, I am totally unable to identify them with published European descriptions. For the present, therefore, the American names must hold. 11 pedibus flavis femoribus posticis nigris; alis immacnlatis." (Kongl. Vetenskaps — Akacl. Haiidlingar, 1825, p. 365.) An Indian species, Aphelinus thece Cameron, has been reared by Mr. E. E. Green, of Punduloya, Ceylon, from Aspidiotus thece, and described by Cameron in the Mem. and Proc. Manchester Lit. and Philosoph. Soc, series 4, vol. IV, p. 183. HOST RELATIONS OF THE SPECIES HERE TREATED. LIST OF PARASITES AND HOSTS. Parasite. Host. Eretmocerns corni Aleyrodes corni. Eretmocerus californicus Aleyrodes on Quercus agrifolia. Pteroptrix flavimedia Aleyrodes spp. on Iris. Fuchsia. Sonchus. Willow. Sambucus. Aquilegia. Perissopterus pulchellus Asterolecanium on basswood. Chiouaspis pinifolise. Prosopophora on cottonwood. Aspidiotus sp. on currant. Perissopterus inexicanus Ceroplastes sp. Pseudococcus yucca'. Lecanium hesperiduni. Aphelinus niali Schizoneura lanigera. Glyphina eragrostidis. Aphis brassicaB. Pemphigus fraxinifolii. Aphis monardse. Sipbonophora rostB. Aphelinus my tilaspidis Mytilaspis pomoruni. Chiouaspis piuifolia'. Diaspis carueli. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aphelinus abnbrmis Mytilaspis pomorum. Aphelinus diaspidis Diaspis rosse. Mytilaspis sp. on Dycaste. Aspidiotus juglans-regia3. Aphelinus fuscipennis Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aspidiotus camellia?. Chionasjns euonymi. Mytilaspis gloverii. Mytilaspis pomorum. Encarsia luteola Aleyrodes sp. Encarsia coquillettii Aleyrodes sp. on Sonchus. Encarsia angelica Aleyrodes sp. on willow. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Aspidiotus aurantii var. citrinus. Aspidiotus perniciosus. Aspidiotus ficus. Coccophagus lecanii Lecanium quercitronis. Pulvinaria innumerabilis. Lecanium -Druinosum. 12 Parasite. Host. Coccophagns lecanii Lecanium persicae. Lecanimn on plum. Pseudocoecus aceris. Lecanium liesperidum. Coccoj)hagus fraternns Lecanium persicsB. Coccophagns cognatus Lecanium liesperidum. Lecanium sp. on plum. Lecanium persicsB. Coccophagns immaculatus ...Eriococcus azaleas. Coccophagns llavifrons Lecanium sp. on Pinus australis. Coccophagus llavoscutellum.. Lecanium liesperidum. Lecanium spp. from California, I tact y lop ins destructor. Lecanium tulipifersB. Pnlvinaria on plum. Pulvinaria on Sullengia. Pnlvinaria innumerabilis. L.« auium oe plum. Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma. Lecanium sp. on Arctostaphylos. Coccophagns californicus [cerya pnrchasi. Coccophagus Lunulatus Aspidiotus aurantii. Coccophagus scntatus Kermes sp. on Qnercus agri folia. Coccophagns ochraceus Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma fasoionlatum. Prospalta murtfeldtii Vspidiotus uvae. Aspidiol us Bp. on cherry. Aspidiot u> sp. on currant. Prospalta aurantii Aspidiotns aurantii \ rar. citrinus. Aspidiotus ancylns. Aspidiotus pini. A v] i idiot us juglans-regiaB. M\ t ilaspis citricola. Mytilaspis albus var. concolor. Mytilaspis eucalypti. Lecanium persicse. Chionaspis sp. on undetermined food plant. Ablerus clisiocampse Chionaspis furfurus. Aspidiotus Bp. on pear and apple. Pbyscus varicornis Aspidiotus ancylns. Chionaspis quercus. Chionasjds americana Johnson MS. LIST OF HOSTS AND PARASITES. Family Aphidid i . Hosts, Parasites. A]»his brassicsB Aphelinus mali Aphis monardae Aphelinus mali Siphonophora rosa> Aphelinus mali Glyphina eragrostidis Aphelinus mali Pemphigus fraxinifolii Aphelinus mali Schizoneura lanigera Aphelinus mali. Family Coccid^e. Aspidiotus ancylns. Prospalta aurantii. Physcus varicornis. 13 Hosts. Parasites. Aspidiotus aurantii, var. citrinus Aspidiotiphagus citrinus. Coccopliagus lunulatus. Prospalta aurantii. Aspidiotus pini Prospalta aurantii. Aspidiotus ficus Aspidiotiphagus citrinus. Aspidiotus perniciosus Aphelinus fuscipennis. Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus. Aspidiotus nvip Prospalta murtfeldtii. Aspidiotus camellia1 . . . Aphelinus fuscipennis. Aspidiotus juglans-regiae Aphelinus diaspidis. Prospalta aurantii. Aspidiotus sp. on Sonchus Encarsia coquillettii. Aspidiotus sp. on cherry Prospalta murtfeldtii. Aspidiotus sp. on currant Prospalta murtfeldtii. , Perissopterus pulchellus. Aspidiotus sp. on pear and apple Ahlerus clisiocampse. Diaspis carueli Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Diaspis rosae Aphelinus diaspidis. Mytilaspis albus var. concolor Prospalta aurantii. Mytilaspis citricola Prospalta aurantii. Mytilaspis eucalypti Prospalta aurantii. Mytilaspis gloverii Aphelinus fuscipennis. Mytilaspis pomorum Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Aphelinus ahnormis. Aphelinus fuscipennis. Mytilaspis on Dycaste sp Aphelinus diaspidis. Chionaspis euonymi Aphelinus fuscipennis. Chionaspis furfurus Ablerns clisiocampse. Chionaspis pinifolia* Perissopterus pulchellus. Aphelinus mytilaspidis. Chionaspis quercus Physcus varicornis. Chionaspis americanus Physcna varicornis. Lecanium hesperidum Perissopterus mexicanus. Coccophagus lecanii. Coccophagus cognatus. Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Lecanium persicae Coccophagus lecanii. Coccophagus fraternus. Coccophagus cognatus. Prospalta aurantii. Lecanium pruinosuin Coccophagus lecanii. Lecanium quercitronis Coccophagus lecauii. Lecanium tulipiferae Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Lecanium sp. on Arctostaphylos Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma fasciculatum Coccophagus ochraceus. Lecanium sp. on plum Coccophagus cognatus. Lecanium sp. on Pinus australis ^ Coccophagus flavifrons. Lecanium spp. from California Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Asterolecanium on hasswood Perissopterus pulchellus. Pulvinaria innumerabilis Coccophagus lecanii. Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Pulvinaria sp. on Sullengia Coccophagus flavoscutellum. 14 Hosts. Parasites. Pulvinaria sp. on plum Coccophagus flavoscutellum. Pseudococcus acei'is Coccophagns lecanii. Pseudococcus yucca' Perissopterus mexicanus. Prosopophora ou oottonwood Perissopterus pulchellus. Eriococcus azalea' Coccophagns immaculatus. Ceroplastes .sp rerissoptcrus mexicanus, Dactylopins destructor Coccophagus flavoscntellum. Icerya purchasi Coccophagus californicns. Kermes sp. on Qnercns agrifolia Coccophagns scutatns. Family Aleykodid i . Aleyrodes corni Eretmocerus corni . Aleyrodes on Iris Pteroptrix lla vimedia. Fuchsia Pteroptiix lla vimedia. Sonchus Pteroptrix lla vimedia. Willow Pteroptrix flavimedia. Sambncns Pteroptrix lla vimedia. Aqnilegia Pteroptrix flavimedia. Qnercns agrifolia Eretmocerus californicns. Willow l'.iicarsi.i angelica. Aleyrodes sp Bncarsia lnteola. ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA. Tarsi 1 -jointed. Male antennae 3-jointed; female antennae 5- jointed Eretmocerus Antennae of both sexes 8-jointed Pteroptrix Tarsi 5-jointed. Anterior wings with a hairless Line extending obliquely and transversely to base of wing. Three antenna] joints before the club of equal length Ifeeidia Three antenna] joints before, the club of unequal length. Ovipositor exserted to from one-fifth to one-third length of abdomen. Nbtal Bclerites normal, wings hyaline Cenirodora Mesopostscntellum acutely triangular; forewings with an irregular pattern of rather broad dark 1 Lnes Per%%%opteme Ovipositor not at all, or but slightly exserted Iphelinus Anterior wings without oblique transverse hairless line. Male antennas 4-jointed (one ring joint); female antennae 6- join ted (3 ring joints) PUistocharis Antenna? of hoth sexes 8-jointed. Club apparently 2-jointed Encarsia Club 3-jointed. Stigmalvein lacking; wings with very long fringe . . Aspidiotiphagus Stigmal vein present ; marginal cilia short. Marginal vein as long as or longer than submarginal- . Coccophagus Marginal vein much shorter than submarginal Prospalta Antenme 7-jointed. Club composed of but one joint; ovipositor extruded to half length of abdomen Iblerus Club 2-jointed; ovipositor scarcely extruded Physcus 15 Genus ERETMOCERUS Haldeman. Eretmocerus Hald., Amer. Journ. Science, vol. ix, pp. 110, 111, May, 1850. This genus, which Haldeman did not place, was put by Cresson, in his Synopsis, in the Mymarinae, which subfamily was located with the Proctotrypidte. The reason for this placing was probably the fact that Haldeman placed the genus Amitus, described immediately before Eret- mocerus, in the Myinarina>. Mr. Ashmead, in his monograph of the Proctotrypichp, places Amitus in the proetotrypid subfamily Platygas- terinse, and in making the necessary studies upon this genus, recognized the aphelinine affinities of Eretmocerus, the antennae figured by Halde- man resembling very considerably the antennae of the genus Plasto- charis Foerster. In studying a series of parasites reared by Mr. Coquillett in California from Aleyrodes, I have been delighted to recog- FlG 1. — Eretmocerus californicus Howard: iVmale, showing side view of genitalia below — greatly enlarged (original). nize a form which belongs, with little doubt, to Eretmocerus. Halde- man described the genus only from two mutilated specimens reared from Aleyrodes corni, and which he states were u imperfectly examined.7' Among Mr. Coquillett's specimens were fortunately many males, so that I am able to redescribe the genus in full. The differences between the form which I have studied and Haldeman's description are as follows : Haldeman states that the tarsi are " apparently pentamerous," eyes hairy, and antennal club oar-shaped (whence the generic name). In the form which I have studied, the tarsi are 4-jointed (a discrep- ancy owing, no doubt, to the fact that I have been able to see them clearly under a high power), the eyes are not hairy, and the antennal 16 club is subellipsoidal. The two latter differences, then, are specific simply, and the first is apparently founded upon imperfect observa- tion on the part of Haldeman. The generic characters are plainly brought out in the figures. Especial attention is drawn to the fact that the marginal vein is about equal to the stigmal in length. The apical cilia of the forewings are short; the lower border of the mesoscutar parapsides is strongly curved, the male genitalia are, in most specimens, strongly exserted, and the penis is not perceptibly notched. The female genitalia are not produced beyond the tip of the abdomen. The male antennae are 3-jointed, lacking all trace of the two ring joints seen in the female. The club is very long, twice as long as that of the female, subcylin- drical, rounded at tip, and furnished with many long sensory spots. The mandibles are 3-dentate. ANALYSIS OF I III". SPECIES OF F.KKTMOCEKUS. Eyes hairy, antenna! club of female oar shaped cortii E\ 68 naked, antenna] club of female ellipsoidal calif or ulcus Eretmocerus corni Haldeman (fig. 2). Eretmocerus corni Haldeman. American Journal of Science, vol. ix, pp. 110, 111, May, 1850. Haldeman's original description included both generic and specific characters confused together. The species lias not been found since, and we can only quote his words : "Two mutilated specimens of another species of parasite were raised with the preceding and imperfectly examined. The color is pale fla- vor; the wings have a subcostal nerve not quite straight, ending in a short stigmal branch about the middle, the wings m all other respects as in Ami- tus; feet slender and apparently pentam- FIG. 2 -Antenna of Kret, u. corni y. C()veml with numerOUS Haldeman— very greatly enlarged ( re- > •' drawn from Haldeman). short erect bristles, more distinct than in Chelonus; head, thorax, and abdomen closely united, thorax large, abdomen with sides parallel and the apex obtusely rounded; in one specimen ( & ?) the abdomen seems but half the width of the thorax, and in the other its sides form straight lines with it; antennas (see annexed figure) Particulate, shorter than the body, scapus narrowed toward its apex, second articulation obconic, third and fourth very short, fifth oar-shaped (whence the generic name), longer than all the preceding united, widened toward the apex, which is obtusely rounded. It may possibly be parasitic in the larva of the Amitus described above, as it is somewhat less in size. I propose to name the genus Eretmo- cerus, and the species E. corni? Eretmocerus californicus n. sp. (figs. 1 and 3). Female (fig. 1). — Length, 0.8 mm.; expanse, 1.5 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.23 mm. Antennal scape short, inserted just above 17 border of mouth. Flagellum a little longer than width of head. Pedicel large, triangular, followed by two ring joints and a long, stout, ellip- soidal club. General color uniform pale yellow; eyes black; ocelli coral red ; wing veins nearly hyaline. Ovipositor scarcely visible from above. Male (Jig. 3). — Differs from female mainly in structure of antenna?. Scape subjointed, ring joints are absent, and club is very long and as stout as pedicel. Club is flexible and is usually bent downward, the bend occurring a little below the middle; it is a little longer than head and thorax together. The genitalia are strongly exserted, the intromit- tent organ pointed at tip, and resembling an ovipositor. Fig. 3. — Eretmocerus californicus Howard: male, showing genitalia below, wing venation and front- view of head at left— greatly enlarged (original). Described from many male and female specimens reared in June and October from an undescribed AUyrodes on Quereus agrifolia at Los Angeles, Cal., by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. Genus PTEROPTRIX Westwood. Pteroptr'ur Westwood. It is a pleasure to restore YVestwood's Pteroptrir to the group with which he originally considered it to be affiliated. In his original description his opening statement is that it is near Agonioneurus (ApheUnus). The 4 jointed tarsi of this insect have, however, misled other writers. Foerster, largely on this account, placed it in the Tetrastichime. but showed that it differed from the majority of these forms in the lack of the furrows of the scutellum, and suggested its 191— No. 1 2 18 affinity with the TrichogramminsB. He seems, however, to have had another and true tetrastichine form before him which he considered identical with Pteroptrix. In his Nachtrag he changes the name Pteroptrix (which, by the way, he spells Pterothrix, as amended by Nees)to Gyrolasia, on account of the preoccupation of the former name by a genus of composite plants. On account of the probability that he had before him a true tetrastichine, we can retain the genus Gyrolasia in the Tetrastichiinc, and since we have what is, with little doubt, Westwood's form, which, upon close study, proves to be an aphelinine in spite of its 4 jointed tarsi. Westwood's original name maybe revived under its original form, Foerster's reasons for changing the name being insufficient. The doctrine that "once a synonym always a synonym" will hardly hold here, if we are correct in our supposition that Foerster bad a different form before him. The main characters by which the genus may be distinguished are as follows ■ Antennae 8- jointed, pedicel b r o a d and very short, joints 1 and 2 of flagellum very short and nar- row, as in Aphelinus, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints forming the club, third some- times distinct from the club. Mesoscutar parapsides short, reaching only to teguhc; scutellum transversely elliptical; marginal vein of forewings long, much longer than stigmal. Wings with rather long marginal cilia. Abdomen rounded, perfectly sessile ; middle tibial spurs short ; tarsi 4- jointed ; first, second, and third joints subequal in length, fourth joint considerably longer. This last is an unusual character and would indicate the possible coalescence of the normal fourth and fifth joints. Fin. 4. — PUroptritt fiavimedia (Howard): male; female genitalia a4 right, enlarged middle tarsus al left, antenna above— greatly enlarged (original). Pteroptrix flavimedia (Howard) (fig. 4). (hi vol a sin flavimedia Howard. Report of the Entomologist, Annual Report Department Agriculture, 1880, p. 369, PI. XXIV, fig. 5. Male and female. — Length, 0.7 mm.; expanse, 1.9 mm.; greatest width of fore wing, 0.32 mm. Antennae short, sparsely covered with short hairs; scape slender; pedicel broader, twice as long as broad; funicle 3-joiuted, joint 1 very minute (a true ring joint), joint 2 nar- 19 rower than pedicel, broader than long, considerably larger than joint 1. Joint 3 longer than 1 and 2 together arid broader than long. Club very broad at base, 3-jointed, acuminate at tip, broadest portion near end of first joint. Joint 3 longest, joint 1 next, joint 2 shortest. Head with sparse but very noticeable stout hairs. Eyes naked. General color deep black, with slight metallic reflections on dorsum of thorax. Sec- ond abdominal segment yellow, but when abdomen is bent upward or shrunken this color is hidden. Antennal scape black; remaining joints yellowish brown ; tarsi yellowish ; last joint dark brown or black, femora and tibue dark brown, except front tibiae, which are lighter. Entire abdomen sometimes light brown, particularly with male, the venter being lighter than dorsum. Mouth-parts honey yellow or light brown, with a honey-yellow band on presternum at insertion of front coxa\ Wing veins black, very distinct, forewings with a large dusky patch below submarginal vein. Described from many male and female specimens. Types were reared in this office from specimens of Aleyrodes collected by Professor Corn- stock on Iris at Los Angeles, Cal., and from an Aleyrodes on Fuchsia collected in the same locality by Alex. Craw in 1879. A large series of the same species was also bred by Mr. Coquillett eight years later at Los Angeles, Cal., from the same Aleyrodes on Fuchsia (October 4); from an Aleyrodes on Sonchus (September 1G-21); and from another species of the same genus on willow (September 17), as well as from an Aleyrodes on Sambucus (October 21). Another series of nine speci- mens was reared by Mr. T. I). A. Cockerell from Aleyrodes on Aquilegia at Las Cruces, N. Mex., November 20, 1894; and a single male of what maybe the same species was also reared by Mr. Cockerell from mi Aley- rodes at Kingston, Jamaica. Genus MESIDIA Foerster. Mesidia Foerster. Jlymenopterologische Studien, Heft. II, p. 30, 1856. This genus is unknown to me. A very brief characterization, how- ever, which Foerster gives distinguishes it well from all other genera. The forewings have the oblique hairless line, and the three joints before the club of the antenme are of equal length. It is said to be inter- mediate in its characters between Coccophagus and Aphelinus. Genus CENTRODORA Foerster. ( "> utrodora Foerster. Kleine Monographien, 1X78, pp. 66, 67. This genus is also unknown to me. The head is as broad as the thorax, the antennae G-join ted, scape of male broad; with the female the pedicel is of the usual form, with two ring joints following, of which the first is smaller than the second. The third funicle joint is some- what longer than the pedicel, and the fourth is very long, but not as 20 long as the others together. The parapsidal sutures of the mesoscu- tellum are plain; the mesoscutellum and the mesoscutum are large, the abdomen is as long as the head and thorax, and the ovipositor extrudes about one-third the length of the abdomen; the middle tibia with a long spur, the front femora of the male strongly thickened. The wings are longer than the abdomen, and narrow. The marginal vein is as long as the submarginal and reaches the middle of the wings. The stigmal is short; the hind-wings only have long apical cilia. PERISSOPTERUS new genus. Type: Aphelinus pulchellaa I Tow. —Ann. Kept. Dept. A. gr., 1880, p. 356. Antenna' apparently 6-jointed, inserted below middle of face; scape not long, swollen toward tip; pedicel one- third length of scape; funicle joints 1 and 2 very small, almost like ring joints; funicle joint 3 as long as pedicel, broadening toward tip and forming with club a broad-ovate mass; club undivided, about twice as long as funicle joint 3. Face Fro. 5. — Winga of PeritsopU c pulckelhu; b, mexieantu — greatly enlarged (ori excavated, vertex wide, ocelli at angles of nearly right-angled triangle. Mesoscutar parapsides narrow, very oblique; mesoscutellum broad, rounded at tip; mesopostscutellum and metascutum plainly divided transversely into three sclerites, the central one of each triangular, its rather sharp point directed posteriorly. Forewings with a narrow, oblique, hairless streak, and ornamented with an irregular pattern of rather broad, dark lines, composed of stout black cilia with granular dark dots between: the cells and spaces between these dark lines sil- ver}r white and bearing smaller and more delicate white discal cilia; submarginal and marginal veins subequal in length; stigmal given off at about half the wing length, very short and stout; marginal cilia mod- erate. Hind wings rather broad, rounded at tip, hyaline. Abdomen very concave above in dry specimens, perfectly sessile, rounded at tip; ovipositor extruded tor about one-fifth length of abdomen. This remarkable and handsome genus approaches Aphelinus in the structure of its antennae and Centrodora in its extruded ovipositor. Its middle tibial spur is stronger than is common among the Apheli- 21 ninae, and its extraordinary wing markings, as well as the peculiar for- mation of the notal sclerites behind the mesoscutellum distinguish it widely from hitherto described genera. The type described by the writer as Aphelinus pulchellus in the Annual report of the Department of Agriculture for 1880 is known from a single female specimen only, which was reared from a common Asterolecanium on linden in the Dis- trict of Columbia. Upon this single specimen I did not care to erect a new genus. Recently, however, several specimens of an allied though congeneric species have been reared from Goccidie sent in by Mr. 0. H. Tyler Townsend from Guadalajara, Mexico. One specimen he reared himself some three years ago from a Ceroplastes, another specimen we have reared from Pseudococcus yuccce collected by Mr. Townsend on Pelargonium at Aguas Calientes, Mexico, and three other specimens have been reared from specimens of Lecanium hesperidum collected by Mr. Townsend on lime at San Luis, Mexico. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OK PERISSOPTERUS. General, color white, tinged in spots with dark, reddish orange, dotted with black pulchellu8 General color light orange-yellow, dotted with black, no admixture of reddish or Avhite mexicanm (The specific differences between the two species in the wings, as shown in the figure, will enable the readiest recognition of the species.) Perissopterus pulchellus (Howard) (figs. 5 a and 0). Aplielinus pulchellus Howard. Keport of the Entomologist, Annual Report Dept. Agric. 1880, p. 356. Female. — Length, 1 mm.; expanse, 2.2 mm.; greatest width of fore- wings, 0.41 mm. (For some unexplained reason the measurements given in the original description are erroneous. Those just given were taken recently from the type.) Head and thorax quite uniformly but finely punctate; mesoscutellum more coarsely than other parts. Head and thorax white, tinged in spots with orange, except at sides of meta- thorax, which are blackish; propleura white; mesopleura blackish; mesosternum brown; eyes bluish white; antennal scape white, with a longitudinal narrow black stripe below; pedicel white, with a black stripe below, dark brown at base above. Joints 1 and 2 of funicle dark brown; joint 3 white, with a dark brown patch at base and above. Club with basal two-thirds dark brown, yellow at tip; two large brown spots on lower side of cheeks; face and vertex white; hairs on vertex brown, ocelli reddish. All legs white; femora spotted with black, tibiae banded with black. Hind coxre dusky, middle and fore coxa3 white; each tibia with three equidistant black bands. First, second, and fifth tarsal joints black; third and fourth yellowish; middle tibial spur jet black. Abdomen yellowish, brown above, darker in middle, some- times black; sides white, with irregular subcircular black markings; ovipositor black ; wings hyaline, with an irregular pattern of open net- 22 work in fuscous; cilia upon fuscous portion very strong and black, on the remainder small and white. The pattern of the network of the type specimen is shown in fig. 5 a, but it varies considerably, as is shown by recently reared additional specimens. The clear oblique line is narrow and perfectly straight; the hind wings entirely hyaline. Male. — Smaller than the female, which it otherwise closely resem- bles. The general color is darker and the black markings are broader. The penis is long; the abdomen of one specimen is entirely black above and of another yellowish, with black transverse bands at joints. Originally described from one female specimen reared from Prosopo- phora on linden in the District of Columbia in 1ST!). Four additional specimens, two females and two males, were reared in April, 1895, from the same host insect. Other specimens have been reared from Chion- aspti pinifolii received from Providence, R. I., and from a Prosopophora Fig. 6.— PeriMoptertu puleheUiu, n<\\ Bpecies, female; ventral view at left, dorsal view at right iw ingB removed)— greatly enlarged (original). on cottonwood from East Atchison, Mo., sent in by Mr. W. S. Connor, while «a single specimen has been reared by Mr. W. G. Johnson, at Champaign, 111., from a species of Aspidiotus on currant, and is now in the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. All the specimens vary somewhat in wing markings, but the general pat- tern remains the same as that shown at fig. 5 a. Perissopterus mexicanns n. sp. (fig. 5 b). Female. — Length, 0.84 mm.; expanse, 2.3 mm.; greatest breadth of fore-wing, 0.41 mm. Head and thorax closely and finely punctate; eyes smooth; dorsal surface of abdomen faintly shagreened; wing markings of type sliown in figure. General color light orange-yellow, without the strong reddish, hue and admixture of white seen in pulehellus. Prono- tum, tegulaj, postscutellum, metascutum, under side of abdomen and 23 pleura, whitish; mouth-parts also whitish. Antenna! scape silvery white, with two oblique black stripes below. Pedicel black at base, the black extending farther forward on the upper side; otherwise silvery white. King joints black, third funicle joint concolorous with pedicel; club black at base and tip, with an orange stripe around the middle. All legs white, all femora with four black bands, all tibia3 with three black bands, tibial spurs black. First and second dorsal segments of abdomen blackish, third and fourth yellow, fifth black. Mesoscutum and scutellum with many black dots; those on the scutellum number eight, arranged in two transverse rows; those in the anterior row far apart, and those in the posterior row close together. The two interior spots in the first row and the two outer spots in the second row are piliferous. Dorsum of abdomen black ; ovipositor black. Male. — Closely resembles female, differing only in the genitalia and the smaller size. Described from three females and two males reared from Lecanium hesperidum, Pseudocovcus yuccce, and Ceroplastes sp. Guadalajara, Mexico: C. H. Tyler Townsend. Genus APHELINUS Dalman. Fig. l.—Aphellaas diaspidis Howard— greatly enlarged (from Insect Life). Apheliniis Dalman. Sv. Akad. Handl., 1820, 181. Agonloneurus West wood. Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi, 1833. Myhia Nees. Hyinenopteroruin Ictmeomonilms Affininm, 1831. Aphelinus Walker (in part). Monographia Chalciditum, London, 1839. Coccobius Ratzebnrg (in part). Ichneumoneu der Forst-Insekten, vol. in, 195, 1852. Eriophilus Haldeman. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VI, 102, 1860. In this old and well-known genus the oblique hairless line of the front wings is very distinct. The ovipositor is very slightly extruded, or is entirely hidden. The fringed apical cilia of the fore- wings is very short; the body is robust, eyes naked in the yellow species and hairy 24 in the black species. The posterior border of the mesoscutellum is rounded and the anterior border is bounded by three straight lines. The antenna- are 6-jointed, scape long and slender, pedicel normal, joints 1 and 2 of the funicle very short, joint 3 about as long as or a little longer than the pedicel, club compact, not jointed, subellipsoidal. The middle tibial spur is very pronounced, mesoscutar parapsides rather small, marginal vein very long, longer than submarginal; stiginal and postmargmal short. ANALYSIS <>1 1 111. SPECIES OF APIIELIM's. Eyes hairy ; general color black; pedicel twice as long as thick. Head jet black '. malt Head bright orange Jiaviceps Eyes naked ; general color yellow ; pedicel one and one-half times as long as thick. Clnb twice as long as penultimate joint mytilaspidia Club thrice as long as penultimate joint. Scutellnm pointed at base abnormis Scutellum normal. Forewinga with only a faint cloud beneath stigma diaspidi* ForewingH with a distinct fuscous clond occupying the whole discal region and accented below stiginal and at its proximal border . .fuscipennis Aphelinus mali (Haldeman). Ertophllus mah Haldeman. Eroc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. VI, p. 402, 1860. Aphelinus malt Howard. Ann. Rep. Dept. Agrie., 1880, p. 356. BlcLStothrix rosa AjBhmead. Trans. Am. Entom. Soc, vol. \m, p. 130, 1886. Female. — Length, 1.2 mm.; expanse, 2.3 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.41 mm. Pedicel twice as long as thick ; clnb nearly three times as long as penultimate joint; head and thorax smooth, shining; meso- scntuni with sparse, irregularly placed, and line punctures; mesoscutel- lum very faintly shagreened; abdomen perfectly smooth; mesopleura at tip faintly shagreened, smooth at base; hind coxae also faintly sha- greened; eyes plainly hairy: vertex with rather dense black pile; sparse hairs of thorax black; abdomen ovate, as wide as thorax, con- cave above. Discal cilia of forewings proximally bordering hairless streak much longer and stouter than those on distal side of streak. Of these proximal cilia there are only two or three irregular rows, the remainder of base of wing being hairless, except immediately below marginal vein, and excepting also the normal bristles arising from the submarginal. General color black, not metallic; base of abdomen, and sometimes apex, yellow brown ; antennae honey yellow. Front and middle femora and middle and hind tibia*, dark brown, lighter at extremities; front tibiae slightly dusky at base, but in general sordid yellow. Hind femora pale sordid yellow; all tarsi light; wiugs hya- line: submarginal vein dark brown, marginal much lighter. Male. — Similar to female, slightly smaller; abdomen acuminate. Proximal cilia bordering hairless streak of fore-wings, consisting of a single row for a greater part of the wing width. 25 Eedescribed from thirty-one male and female specimens reared by the writer from Schizoneura lanigera, at Washington, D. C, February 15 and September 20, 1879 (previously reared from the same species by Haldeman in Pennsylvania, Walsh in Illinois, and Eiley in Missouri); by F. M. Webster from Glyphina eragrostidis, at La Fayette, Ind., Sep- tember 6-10, 1885 ; by the same observer from Aphis brassicce, on tur- nip; by T. A. Williams, at Lincoln, Neb., from Pemphigus fraxinifolii, June 10, 1890; and by the same observer from Aphis monardce at Ashland, Nebr., May 24, 1890. Mr. Ashmead's specimens, which he described under the name of Blastothrix rosw, were reared from Siphon- ophora roscc in April, 1881, at Jacksonville, Fla. Aphelinus flaviceps n. sp. Male. — Belongs to the same group as A. mali, which it resembles in the proportions of the autennal joints and in the hairy eyes. It is a species of the same general size, and differs from A. mall in the follow- ing particulars: The pile of the head is much less conspicuous, and is yellowish instead of black ; the mesoscutum is more or less thickly punc- tate, the punctures being arranged in rows; the mesoscutellum is more coarsely, though still finely, shagreened ; mesopleura plainly shagreened over entire surface, not smooth on basal half; hind coxa> granulate. Entire thorax black ; entire head uniform orange-yellow, except occiput, which has a dark transverse streak. Abdomen dark in the middle above; for the rest concolorous with head. All legs and an ten me uni- form orange-yellow. Wings hyaline, veins light, the cilia at proximal border of hairless streak larger than those at apical border (more than twice as long and much stouter); they are irregularly placed, and on the lower half of the wing form approximately two rows. Described from one male specimen collected in the Santa Cruz Moun- tains, California, by A. Koebele, in May. Probably parasitic on some Aphidid. Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron. Aphelinus mytilaspidis Le Baron. American Entomologist, vol. n (1870), p. 360. Female. — Length, 0.04 mm.; expanse, 1.28 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.22. Eyes naked; pedicel of antennas one and a half times as long as thick, club twice as long as penultimate joint ; thorax smooth, impunctate; abdomen ovate, as wide as thorax. Cilia at proximal border of hairless streak of forewings larger than those at apical border, but hardly twice as long. There are at least seven irregular rows, and they extend back nearly to base of wing, with slight interruption at two-thirds distance from tegula to hind border of hairless streak. Gen- eral color bright lemon-yellow; scape of pedicel and sometimes funicle joints 1 and 2 of antennas dusky; eyes blackish, ocelli carmine, mandi- bles brown, all legs yellow, wing veins bright yellow; wings perfectly hyaline. 26 Male. — Similar to female, slightly smaller; antenna] club somewhat truncate at tip. Described from many male and female specimens, mostly reared at the Department of Agriculture in 1879 and 1880. The species was reared by Le Baron from Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche, in Illinois; by Riley from the same species in Missouri; and it is probably the species which caused the round holes observed in this scale by Dr. Fitch in New York. At the Department of Agriculture it has been reared from Mytilaspis pomorum from Illinois and the District of Columbia; from Chionaspis pinifolii (District of Columbia), and from the same species by Riley in Missouri; and from Diaspis carueli Targioni on juniper. Aphelinus abnormis Howard. Aphelinus abnormis Howard. Ann. Rep. Dept. A.gnc, L880, p. 355. Female. — Length, 0.55 mm.) expanse, 1.4 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.23 nun. General proportions as with A. mytilaspidis, from which it differs only in the following respects: The scutellum is pointed anteriorly, seemingly entering a reentering angle on the base of meso- scutum; antenna! clnb three times as long as penultimate joint; color, light lemon-yellow, lighter than the preceding species; antennae dusky; legs with yellowish femora and dusky tibiae and tarsi; wings perfectly clear; veins transparent. Described from one female specimen reared from Mytilaspis pomorum on Salix capr&a, District of Columbia. No other specimen of this peculiar form has ever been found. There is a possibility that it may be simply a dwarfed and distorted specimen of A. mytilaspidis. Aphelinus diaspidis Howard (tig. 7). Aphelinus diaspidis Howard. Aim. Rep. l>r]>t. Agric, 1880, p. 355. Female. — Length, 0.78 mm.; expanse, 1.9 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.27 mm. Differs at once from A. abnormis in the normal character of the scutellum and from A, mytilaspidis in the fact that the club is three times as long as the penultimate joint, instead of twice as long. It further differs from A. mytilaspidis in the following particu- lars: The entire space proximad of hairless line of forewing is densely ciliated, the cilia but slightly larger than those distad of this line. At the abrupt upward bend of the submarginal into the marginal a trian- gular clear space occurs, the distal side of which is curved, the apex touching the beginning of the marginal vein. The forewings have a delicate fuscous patch bending outward from below the stigma and covering the entire disk from that point back to the triangular clear space. The incision between the penultimate joint of the antennae and the club is not well marked, joint 5 apparently forming part of the club. Color dull, rather dark yellow; eyes black, ocelli very dark red, antennas dusky, darker at tip; a narrow dark transverse line on the occiput 27 behind the eyes. Femora and tibiae fuscous; tarsi nearly white; wing veins fuscous. Abdominal segments 1 to 5 each with a dusky trans- verse dorsal band interrupted toward the middle; abdomen subovate, somewhat truucate at tip; ovipositor slightly exserted. Male. — Unknown . Described from twelve female specimens reared from Diaspis rosa> from Fort George, Fla., and the same species collected at Santa Bar- bara, Cal., and from the same species collected in the District of Colum- bia. All specimens were reared in February. Professor Riley reared nine females from a Mytilaspis on an orchid, an undetermined species of Dycaste from Japan, received February G, 1874, from Mr. George Thur- ber, of The American Agriculturist. Aphelinus fuscipennis Howard. Aphelinus fuscipennis Howard. Annual Rep. Dept. Agric, 1880, p. 356. Female. — Length, 0.6 mm.; expanse, 1.3 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.2 mm. Closely resembles A. diaspidis, the differences, aside from its smaller size and the more pronounced infuscation of the wing, being purely colorational. General color, dull honey yellow; antennae fuscous, almost black at tip; eyes blackish j ocelli dark crimson; a dis- tinct transverse black band on the occiput behind the eyes; the scutel- lum dusky at tip; abdomen with five dusky lateral transverse bands; legs and wing veins honey yellow; fore-wings with an indefinite fus- cous patch below stigma and another well-defined, darker, somewhat crescent-shaped streak near the base, bounded by the basal clear space. Male. — Closely resembles the female, but is slenderer and in general darker in color. Described from many female specimens and comparatively few males, reared from Aspidiotus pemiciosus at San Jose, Cal. ; Los Angeles, Cal. ; San Francisco, Cal.; New Brunswick, N. J., and Eiverside, Md.j from Chionaspis euonymi from Fort George, Fla.; from Mytilaspis gloveril in hothouses in the District of Columbia, and from Mytilaspis pomorum on horse-chestnut in the District of Columbia. Professor Berlese has reared this species in Italy from an Aspidiotus on Acacia longifolia. Genus PLASTOCHARIS Foerster. Plastocharis Foerster. Hynienopterologische Studien, Heft, ii, 145, 1856. Tryplwsius Foerster. Loc. cit., 83. Thysan us Walker. Ann. Nat. Hist., 1839, p. 234. (Changed by Foerster on account of preoccupation.) The best description of this genus is given by Foerster in his Kleine Monographien, page 68. It is not known to occur in this country. The male antennre have one ring joint and a very long flagellar club. The female antennae have three ring joints and a shorter club. The middle tibia* have a long spur and the tarsi are 5-jointed. The base of 28 the wing is hairless, and the oblique line is therefore lacking. The fore wings on their last third have a very long fringe of hairs, their length not equaling the wing breadth. Basal half of fore* ing brown- Fig. 8. — Plaatoeharb ater Walker: female: enlarged middle tarsus and male and female antenna at right— greatlj enlarged (redrawn from Baliday in Walker's notes). isli. Hind-wings with very long marginal cilia, extending around upon the fore margin nearly to the vein; ovipositor is not extruded (fig. 8). Genus ENCARSIA Foerster. Encarsia Foerster, Kleine Afonographien, 1X7S, pp. 65, 66. The characters briefly given by Foerster include the following: Head not so broad as the thorax; side of the ocelli about as far from the middle of the ocellus as from the border of the compound eyes. Antenna' 8 jointed, flagellar joints of equal length and cylindrical, last two closely joined. Mesoscutum broad, with sharp parapsidal fur- rows, scutellum very strongly developed, broad, almost semicircular. The abdomen as long but not as broad as tin; thorax and broadly oval pointed. Tarsi 5-jointed. The thickly ciliated wing has the submar- ginal not much longer than the marginal, the postmaiginal wanting, and the stigma! very short and forming a considerable angle with the costa. The hairless line is wanting; the hind border of the hind-wings with long cilia. But one European species, E. tricolor, is known. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ENCARSIA. First funicle joint not swollen. Pedicel one-third longer than first funicle joint ; joint 2 considerably longer than j oint 1 lufeola Pedicel considerably shorter than first funicle joint; joint 2 equal in length to joint 1 coquilletti First funicle joint somewhat swollen, longer and broader than pedicel, and broader and slightly stouter than second funicle joint angelica 29 Encarsia luteola n. sp. Female. — Length, 0.63 ram. ; expanse, 1.3 mm. ; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.19 mm. Pedicel stout, two-thirds as broad as long, and about one-third longer than first funicle joint. Joint 2 of funicle one- third longer than joint 1; joint 3 twice as long as joint 1; joints 4 and 5 as long as 3; terminal joint a trifle longer; all joints well separated, subcylindrical, increasing very slightly in width to club. Thorax with- out perceptible sculpture. Eyes dark, ocelli coral red, wings perfectly hyaline, general color yellowish. Vertex with black transverse line be- tween the eyes. Upper portion of head somewhat orange, face lighter. Dorsum of thorax dark orange, becoming somewhat dusky at sides, particularly at insertion of wings; abdomen light pale yellow. All legs and antennae uniform light yellow, club of antennae slightly dusky. Submarginal vein fuscous, marginal and stigmal faintly yellowish. Described from one female specimen reared August 14, 1881, from Aleyrodes at Washington,!). 0. ; food-plant unknown. Encarsia coquilletti n. sp. (fig. 9). Female. — Length, 0.88 mm.; expanse, 1.7 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.27 mm. Pedicel of antennae twice as long as broad, a little more than half as long as and about as broad as joint 1 of funicle; remaining joints of funicle subequal in length, J slightly rounded at extrem- ities, and slightly flattened laterally. Dorsum of thorax faintly shagreened ; abdomen smooth ; abdomen broadly ovate. Eyes black, ocelli reddish, wings faintly dusky on basal half, general color black; joints between seg- ments of abdomen lighter; all tibiae and tarsi dusky, femora banded in the middle with black, trochanters pallid, antennal scape dark brown, funicle light brown. Male. — Differs from the female in not having the abdomen broadly ovate, wings perfectly hyaline, legs all slightly fuscous, and entire abdomen yellow or light brown. cp s Fig. 9.— Encarsia coouilletti Howard: male; female genitalia below; enlarged middle tarsus at left — greatly enlarged (original). Described from five females and two males reared by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, at Los Angeles, Cal., from Aleyrodes on Sonchus, September 18-21. 30 Encarsia angelica n. sp. Male. — Length, 0.74 mm.; expanse, 1.7 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.25 nun. . Pedicel as broad as long, less than half as long as joint 1 of fnnicle; fnnicle joint 1 as wide as or slightly wider than pedicel, rounded at base, more truncate at tip, appearing swollen in compari- son with next joint; joint 2 a little longer than joint 1 and narrower, cylindrical; joints, 3, 4, and 5 each a trifle longer than its px^edecessor, otherwise resembling it. Terminal joint a little shorter than its prede- cessor, rounded at base and tapering to somewhat pointed tip. Thorax and abdomen smooth. General color brownish yellow, darker on pro- notum and anterior portion of mesoscutnm at sides of parapsides and inetanotum, and on dorsum of abdomen; a dark line between the eyes and under ocelli. Tegnlae brown: all legs uniform pale straw-yellow. Described from one male specimen reared from Aleyrodes on willow September 17. at Los Angeles, CaL, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. Genus ASPIDIOTIPHAGUS Howard. Avpidiotiphagua Howard. Insect Life, voL VI, p. -:'><>. 1894. Fondle. — Antenna' S- jointed; scape long, slender; pedicel a little longer than its apical width; fnnicle joints 1. 2 and ;i increasing in width, but each approximating pedicel in length: elnb long, distinctly 3-jointed. basal joint shortest, apical joints subeqnal, terminal joint pointed. Lateral ocelli equidistant from each other and margin of compound eyes. Parapsides of mesoscutnm widely separated, very narrow posteriorly, broadening out rapidly toward tegulae; mesoscu- telluni like that of Aphelinus, its scapulae longitudinally elongate and extending forward to lateral widening of the parapsides; metanotum very narrow. Abdomen short, broadly sessile and broadly rounded at tip. Spur of middle tibia' very slender, as long as the short first tarsal joint. Forewings long, narrow; Bub marginal and marginal veins sub- equal in length; postmarginal lacking; stigma] very slight and parallel with costa. situated at half the wing length and exactly opposite to the termination of thickening of hinder margin of wing, this being also the widest point of the wing; cilia of wing surface rather sparse, a clear rounded space immediately below stigma, and a narrow clear line around margin; marginal vein bristly; marginal cilia very long, longer than wing width, those on costal margin just beyond stigma nearly as long as those on hind margin. Hind-wings very narrow, with long marginal cilia and but one row of discal cilia on outer third: marginal vein ending abruptly and extending up apparently beyond costa. Differs from Coecophagus in wings and from Encarsia in antennae and wings. 31 Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Oraw). (fig. 10). Coceophagus citrinus Craw. Destructive Insects, Sacramento, CaL, 1891. Aspidiotiphagus citrinus Howard. Insect Life, yol. vi, p. 234, 1891. Female. — Length, 0.58 mm. ; expanse, 1.16mm. ; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.09 mm. Antennae light yellow-brown ; eyes black, ocelli bright red j head yellow; occiput dark brown; pronotum dark brown ; mesono- tum yellow j metanotum yellow-brown ; abdomen brown ; legs uniformly dusky yellow; wings with marginal vein dark fuscous, and a broad fuscous band extending directly across wing from marginal vein as a base. Spiracular hairs on pre- anal abdominal joint very long. Thorax somewhat wider than head or abdomen, these being subequal in width. Eedescribed from fourteen female specimens reared January 18 and 24, February 2, and March 13, 1889, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett from FlG. 10. — Aspidiotiphagus citrinus (Craw.)— greatly enlarged (from Insect Life). Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell, var. citrinus, from San Gabriel, Oal. Mr. G. W. Johnson has also sent me six specimens reared at the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History from Aspidiotus ficus occurring on Citrus decumana in the university greenhouse. Professor Berlese has reared this species in Italy from an Aspidiotus on Acacia longifolia and from Diaspis rosa\ Genus CGCCOPHAGUS Westwood. Coceophagus Westwood. Philosoph. Mag., vol. Ill, 1833. Aplielinus Walker (in part). Monographia Chalciditum, London, 1839. Coccobius Ratzeburg (in part). Ichneumonen der Forst-Insekten, vol. in, p. 195, 1852. Ratzebnrg's genus Coccobius includes, as will be seen from the synonymical list, certain species of Coceophagus and certain species of Aphelinus as well. His antennal figure is that of Aphelinus, but his descriptions include species Avhich apparently belong to Coceophagus, notably C. notatus. In this genus the antennre are 8-jointed, the scape rather short and stout; pedicel one-third the length of the scape and about the same 32 thickness. Joints 1, 2 and 3 of the funicle increase very slightly or not at all in thickness and decrease slightly in length. Club very plainly 3-jointed, a little broader at middle than at base, pointed or rounded at tip, and rather longer than fuuicle joints 2 and 3 together. With the male the club is less compact and is narrower than with the female. Mesoscutum large, posterior border with a slight re-entering angle. Parapsidal sutures curved, mesoscutellum about as long as broad, rounded behind; wings equally hairy, except at immediate base. No hairless line: marginal vein as long as or longer than sub marginal; postniarginal lacking; stigmal very short. Middle tibial spur strong, not as long as first tarsal joint. Eyes invariably hairy. The species of CoccopJuHjus. with the exception of C. ochraceus, are all black in color, and frequently with a portion of the mesoscutellum and metanotum bright orange or yellow. With certain species the female Fig. 11. — Ooeeophagut lunulatus Eoward greatly enlarged (from Ensect Life). has the scutellum partly yellow, while the male is entirely black. Of the sixteen species catalogued by Cresson. annulipes Ashmead, as there stated, belongs to the encyrtine genus Aphycusj brunneus Provancher and compressicornu Provancher do not belong to this subfamily, but probably to the Tetrastichime, while pallipes Provancher belongs to Sympiesis. Of the remaining species Fitch's lecanii will hold, and AshmeiuVs flavoscutelhiiH and the writer's vividm are synonymical, and Ash mead's species has priority. There remain eight of the writer's species, certain of which have been thrown together after studying more abundant material, as will appear in the following pages. To these he has since added califomicus (Insect Life, vol. I, p. 2G9), aurantii (loc. cit., vol. vi, p. 231), and lunulatus (loc. cit., vol. vi, p. 233). Of these aurantii should be placed in Prospalta, as indicated in Insect Life (vol. vn, p. 7.) 33 ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF COCCOPHAGUS. Females. Wings hyaline. General color dark honey-yellow ochraceus General color black. Hind border of mesoscutum with a band of yellow; sctitelluin entirely black scutatus Hind border of scutum black; scutellum more or less yellow. Head rather coarsely punctulate; apical two-fifths of scutellum yellow, except for black spot at tip lunulatus Head not coarsely punctulate. Scutellum with a narrow but complete marginal yellow band. califomicus Scutellum with apical half yellow; tegulre black. Punctures of scutum arranged in longitudinal rows; front and middle tibiae yellow lecanii Not so arrauged ; all tibia- dark cognatus Scutellum yellow only at tip ; all tibiae brown, yellow at either end; tegulaj black fraternus Nearly all of scutellum and postscutellum yellow; teguhe brown. jlavoscutellum Scutellum black; face yellow; punctation of mesonotum nearly obsolete jiavifrons Body entirely black ; mesonotum with sparse round punctures, a regular row around hind border of scutum. immaculatus Wings dusky ; body uniformly purplish black purpurem Males. Entire body black. A regular row of round punctures bordering hind edge of mesonotum. immaculatus Mesoscutum with sparse punctures, but without such a regular row. Teguhe brown; all tibia' and tarsi yellow; hind tibia- occasionally with dusky patch near base flavoscutellum, lecanii Teguhe black ; all tibia1 dark brown in middle, whitish at either end. fraternus Mesoscutellum tipped with yellow. General color, brown; mesoscutum irregularly but sparsely punctate., .coguatus General color, black ; punctation nearly obsolete Jiavifrons Scutellum black; mesoscutum with terminal yellow bands scutatus General color honey-yellow ochraceus Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch.) Platggaster lecanii Fitch. Fifth Report Insects of New York (1858), p. 25. Coccophagus lecanii E. A. Smith. Amer. Nat., 1878, p. 661; Seventh Rep. State Entomologist Illinois, 1878, p. 130. Coccophagus lecanii (Fitch) Howard. Report Entomologist, Annual Report U. S. Dept. Agr., 1880, pp. 357-358; Howard, Report on the Parasitic Hymenoptera, Island St. Vincent, Journ. Linmean Soc, Lond., vol. xxv, 1894, p. 97. Coccophagus ater Howard. Report Entomologist, Annual Report U. S. Dept. Agr., 1880, p. 359. Female. — Length, 1 mm.; wing expanse, 2.25 mm.; greatest width tore-wings, 0.-42 mm. Antenna as long as the thorax ; head, pronotnin, and mesoscntum finely and sparsely punctured and furnished with short bristles, punctures of mesoscutum arranged in longitudinal rows. 191—^0. 1 3 34 Mesoscutum also has a fine shagreening. Mesoscutellum and parap- sides of mesoscutum very finely shagreened, without larger punctures; abdomen smooth. General color black, shining, teguhe brown; eyes dark reddish brown ; antennae light brown, with darker longitudinal raised lines on flagellar joints. Hairs of thorax whitish, lighter on mesoscutellnm. Last half of mesoscutellum and center of postscutel- luni bright lemon-yellow. Wing veins dark brown. All femora brown or black, somewhat yellowish at either extremity. All tibiae straw yellow, with the exception of the posterior pair, which have a brown aunulus near base; all tarsi straw-yellow, with the fifth joint dark brown. Male. — Averages about half the size of the female; abdomen small, much narrower than thorax; antennae longer than thorax, scutellum dark. Described from many male and female specimens. Parasitic upon Lecanium quercitronis Fitch. New York; Pulvinaria innumerabilis^ Illinois, Miss Smith: District of Columbia (Division of Entomology); Cambridge, Mass., W. Trelease; Flatbash, Long Island, New York, J. L. Zabriskie; Lecanium pruinosum, Los Angeles, Cal.,D. W.Coquil- lett; Lecanium persiccc, Ithaca, N. Y. (Department of Agriculture); Pseudococcus aceris, Jamaica Plain, Mass., J. G. Jack; Lecanium lies- peridum, District of Columbia (Department of Agriculture); Los Ange- les, Cal. (Department of Agriculture); Lecanium on plum, Medina, Ohio, F. M. Webster. Coccophagus fraternus Howard. Coocophagu8 fratemus Howard. Report Entomologist, Annual Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880, p. 359. Coccophagu* fuscipes Howard. Report Entomologist, Annual Kep. U. S. Dept. Agrie., 1880, p, 359. Female. — Length, 0.78 mm.; expanse, 2 mm.; greatest width fore- wings, 0.3(> mm. Thoracic punctures much as with (J. lecanii, but mesoscutum is smoother and the larger punctures are not arranged in longitudinal rows. Thoracic bristles black, except those on meso- scutellum, which are white. Tip of mesoscutellum bright yellow, some- what orange, dividing line between yellow and black very irregular. Center of postscutellum only slightly yellowish. All coxae and femora black, whitish at tips. All tibiaj dark brown in middle, whitish at either end. Male. — Somewhat smaller than female; antennae longer, club propor- tionately considerably longer, each of the joints as long as each of the immediately preceding funicle joints. Coloration like that of female, except that the yellow tip of mesoscutellum is wanting. Described from many female and male specimens. Parasitic upon Lecanium persicce, District of Columbia (Department of Agriculture); Agricultural College, Michigan (A. J. Cook). 35 Coccophagus cognatus Howard. Coccophagus cognatus Howard. Report Entomologist, Ann. Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric, 1880, p. 359. Female. — Length, 1.2mm.; wing expanse, 2.1 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.34 mm. Antennae not quite so long as thorax. General color dark brown, nearly black; last half of mesoscutellum and tip of metascutellum orange-yellow; anterior coxa?, femora, and tibia?, fus- cous; tarsi whitish, last two joints slightly dusky; middle femora and coxa? nearly black, tibia? somewhat dusky, tarsi as with fore tarsi; hind coxa?, femora, and tibia? dark, tibia? as with others. Male.— Length of body, 0.6 mm. ; expanse of wings, 1.4 mm. ; greatest breadth of fore-wing, 0.25 . m. Antenna? nearly as long as head and thorax together. General color brown; scutellum and metascutellum just tipped with light yellow-brown. In all other respects resembles the female. Described from many specimens. Parasitic upon Lecanium hesperi- dam, district of Columbia (Department of Agriculture); Lecanium on plum, Bramley, Ontario (J. Fletcher and T.D. A. Cockerell); Lecanium pcrsicw. Lake Shore and Mapleville, Md. (Department of Agriculture). Coccophagus immaculatus Howard. Coccophagus immaculatus Howard. Report Entomologist, Annual Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880, p. 358. • Female. — Length, 1.2 mm.; wing expanse 2.35 mm.; greatest width of fore- wings, 0.47 mm. Antenna? slightly longer than thorax. Meso- scutum and mesoscutellum sparsely furnished with round punctures, of which there is a regular row around hind border of mesoscutum. Between the punctures is a faint shagreening. All hairs blackish, metauotum honey-yellow. General color black; eyes reddish brown, with a yellowish border above; ocelli dark red; antenna? light yellowish brown, with dark brown longitudinal carina? on each joint except scape and pedicel; mesoscutellum shining black, slightly metallic in some lights; wing veins dark brown; front femora black; middle and hind femora black, except at base, which is whitish; front tibia? dusky, light at knees; middle and hind tibia? light yellow; all tarsi whitish, last joint fuscous; front coxa? dark brown, middle and hind coxa? and all trochanters yellowish; ovipositor yellow, sheaths brown. Male. — Length, 0.9 mm.; wing expanse, 2.3 mm.; greatest width of forewing, 0.43 mm. Antenna? as long as thorax; club compact, the lines separating the joints of the club somewhat oblique. Colors as with female, except that metauotum and all coxa? are black. Described from three males and three females. Parasitic on Eriococ- cus azalea^ District of Columbia (Department of Agriculture). The punctured scutellum is unique. 36 Coccophagus purpureas Aslimead. Coccophagu8 purpureua Ashmead. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vol. xiii, p. 132, 1886. Female. — Length, 0.10 inch. Robust and of a uniform purplish black color throughout, including abdomen, coxre and femora; the surface is very finely punctate, and the tibiae and tarsi are yellow; wings, except at base, brown. Captured on gall-berry bushes. I have not seen this species, but Mr. Ashmead tells me that there is no doubt it is a true Coccophayus. It differs from all known species in the infuscated wings. Coccophagus flavifrons Howard. Coccophagus flavi/rous Howard. Bulletin 5, Bureau Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agric, 1885, p. 25. Coccophagus hoebelei Howard. Bulletin 5, Bureau Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 24. Female. — Length, 1 mm.; expanse, 2 mm.; greatest width fore-wings, 0.35 mm. Punctation of thorax nearly obsolete. Scutellnm perfectly smooth, except for faint Bhagreeuing. Hairs black; eyes, clypeus, occiput, abdomen, and dorsum of thorax black, with a bluish metallic luster upon abdomen. Face, antennal scape, all tibia', middle femora, honey yellow ; hind femora black at base, yellowish at tip; front femora brownish at base, yellow at tip; tegulse dark yellow or brown; edge of mesoscutuin just above teguhe, also brown; wing veins fuscous. Male. — Somewhat smaller; uniform black except tegulse, which are brownish; antenna1 light brown, scape black; all femora black, except at tips; all tibiae and tarsi yellow; extreme tip of meso- and metascu- telltim yellowish. Described from three females and one male. Parasitic upon Leca- nium sp. on Pinus australis (A. Koebele, Department of Agriculture). Coccophagus flavoscutellum Ashmead. Coccophagus Jlavoscutellum Aslimead. Florida Agriculturist, vol. iv (1881), p. 65. Coccophagus vividus Howard. Bulletin 5, Bureau Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agri- culture, 1885, p. 25. Female. — Length, 1.03 mm.; wing expanse, 1.96 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.35 mm. General color, shiny black; antennae light brown, with the customary dark brown longitudinal carinas; greater part of mesoscutellum and visible portion of metascutellum bright orange- yellow, the line of juncture of the two colors on the mesoscutellum straight and sharp; teguhe yellow-brown; all coxa; and femora brown, yellow at joints; all tibiae and tarsi yellow, occasionally a dusky patch near base of hind tibiae; fifth tarsal joint brown. Entire mesoscutum very finely punctate. Male. — Length, 0.55 mm.; wing expanse, 1.47 mm.; greatest width of fore wing, 0.25 mm. Color as in female, except that the tegulae are brown and the scutellum is black, sometimes yellow at extreme tip. 37 Kedescribed from many male and female specimens. Parasitic upon Lecanium hesperidum, Crescent City, Fla., H. G. Hubbard; Jackson- ville, Fla., W. H. Ashmead; Los Angeles, Cal., A. Koebele; Lecanium sp., New Alameda, Cal., H. W. Turner; Dactylopius destructor, District of Columbia, Th. Pergande; Lecanium sp., Los Angeles, Cal., D. W. Coquillett; Lecanium tulipiferw, Molino, Fla. (Department of Agricul- ture) ; Pulvinaria on plum, Florence, S. C. (Department of Agriculture); Pulvinaria sp. on Sullengia, Eockport, Tex., E. A. Schwarz; Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Eoslyn, N. Y., L. H. West (Department of Agriculture); Lecanium sp. on Adenostema, Alameda, Cal., A. Koebele; Lecanium sp. on Arctostaphylos, Sonoma, Cal., A. Koebele; Lecanium sp. on plum, Ottawa County, Ohio, F. M. Webster. Coccophagus californicus Howard. Coccophagus californicus Howard. Insect Life, vol. I, p. 269 (March, 188!t)- Female. — Length, 1.4 mm.; expanse, 2.1 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.30 mm. Abdomen broader than thorax and one-third longer. Pedicel and joints 2 and 3 of funicle subequal in length; joint 1 of funicle one-third longer. Eyes rather more plainly hairy than usual. General color dark brown, nearly black, no punctation visible. Meso- scutellum lighter in color than rest of thorax, except at immediate base, its posterior edge with a narrow band of bright lemon-yellow extend- ing from one lateral angle around the curved border to the opposite lateral angle, of nearly equal width throughout, at its widest portion measuring 0.027 mm.; all coxas brown; all trochanters yellowish white; all femora brown, yellow at tip; more yellow at tip of front femora, less at tip of middle, and still less at tip of posterior femora; front tibiae light yellow, very slightly dusky ; middle tibias entirely light yellow; hind tibia3 yellowish, with a brownish shade near base; all tarsi yellowish white, last joint dusky. Wings hyaline, veins light brown distinct. Described from one female specimen reared from a female Icerya purchasi at Los Angeles, Cal., July G, 1887, by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. Coccophagus lunulatus Howard (fig. 11.) Coccophagus lunulatus Howard. Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 232 (Feb., ls94). Female. — Length, 0.93 mm.; expanse, 2 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.39 mm. Head rather coarsely puuctulate, opaque; mesonotum very finely shagreened, somewhat glistening; mesoscutellum with apical bristles very long; abdomen smooth, shining. General color black; apical three- fifths of mesoscutellum bright orange, with an irregular black spot at tip, and with the dividing line between the orange and black irregular; tegulae black; antennas with the scape black and the nagellum dark fuscous; front legs, including coxae, light orange yellow, considerably lighter than the mesoscutellum ; middle and hind coxaB and hind femora black ; middle and hind trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi and 38 middle femora ligh orange-yellow. Wings hyaline, veins dark brown, marginal cilia very short. Described from one female reared December 5, 1892, from Aspidiotus aurantii, received from D. W. Coqnillett, Los Angeles, Cal. Coccophagus scutatus n. sp. Female. — Length, 1.6 mm.; expanse, 3.3 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.58. Punctation of head and me so thorax scaly, more marked on niesoscutum. Thoracic bristles long and sparse, particularly long on hind border of pronotum and border of mesoscutellum. Parapsidal grooves very indistinct. Occiput, metanotuin, and abdomen smooth and shining. Wing veins very heavy. General color black, mesoscutelluin and postscutellum without a trace of yellow; mesoscutum with broad transverse band of orange extending from tegula to tegnla, the ante- rior border being nearly straight, while posterior border follows the central backward curve of the scutum. Antenna' dusky, legs pale fuscous, coxa' dark, femora with a middle brownish band, middle tibia darker in the middle and hind tibia dark brown on basal half. Wings clear, veins dark brown. Male. — Rather smaller, but closely resembles female. The meso- scntar band is of a pale orange; the antenna' are lighter in color; the scape yellowish; front and middle legs, with the exception of basal half of coxa', entirely light lemon yellow. All of hind coxa' and femora concolorous with other legs, but basal half of hind tibia is nearly black. Lower half of face also somewhat yellowish, particularly along the borders of the antennal groove. Described from live females and one male reared by A. Koebele in October from a Kermes on Querent agrifolia at Los Angeles, Cal. Also nine specimens reared by D. W. Coquillett from the same host at Los Angeles. Differs from all other species of Coecophagu.s known to me in the pos- session of the scutal band. Coccophagus ochraceus n. sp. Female. — Length, 0.7 mm.; expanse, 1.53 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.3 mm. Differs at once from all other species of the genus in having the general color ochraceous or dark honey-yellow instead of black. Head and mesonotum very finely and sparsely punctate, also very delicately shagreened. Normal notal hairs blackish; abdo- men smooth. General color, as just stated, dark ocher-yellow. Eyes dusky, ocelli dark red. Antenna? yellowish, except pedicel, which is blackish. Mesopleura and terminal segments of abdomen dark brown, nearly black. All legs concolorous with thorax. Wings hyaline, veins uniformly fuscous. Male. — Punctation of notum a trifle more pronounced than with the female, mesoscutum appearing slightly rugose; antenna? slightly dusky. 39 Described from three males and one female, reared July, 1887, at Ala- meda, Cal.,by A. Koebele, from Lecanium on Adenostema fascieulatum. This species interferes with a suggested generalization made by the writer in a paper entitled " The hairy eyes in Hymenoptera r (Proc. Entom. Soc. Wash., vol. I, p. 195) to the effect that the hairy eyes in the subfamily Aphelininae are associated with a black color. This holds with the typical genus Aphelinus, in which all the yellow species have naked eyes, the two black species {A. mail and A. flaviceps) having hairy eyes. Having a yellow species of CoccopluKju*. we should expect naked eyes; but here hairiness of the eyes seems to be a generic character. Genus PROSPALTA Howard. Prospalta Howard. Insect Life, vol. vn, p. 6, 1894. Fig. 12.— Prospalta murtfehltii Howard— greatly enlarged (from Insect Life). Female. — Anterior wings with no oblique transverse hairless line below stigma. Antennae 8-jointed; club 3 jointed; all joints subequal in length ; first joint of club widest. Head transverse ; ocelli at corners of an oblique-angled triangle. Eyes naked. Thorax wider than head; mesoscutar parapsides club-shaped, broadening suddenly on distal side: axillae extending anteriorly to swelling of parapsides; metascu- tellum broad and short ; legs rather stout; all tarsi short; first joint of hind tarsi only as long as second; first joint of middle and front tarsi longer than second. Ovipositor slightly extruded. Wings broad; submarginal vein reaching nearly to middle of wing; marginal much shorter than submarginal ; stigmal very short, its anterior border nearly parallel with costa, its posterior border extending into disk of wing at an angle of 45° with costa ; outer margin of fore-wing with rather short cilia; hind margin of hind-wings with somewhat longer cilia. First abdominal joint much the longest; abdomen as a whole equaling thorax in length ; whole body tapering gradually from tegulae to tip of abdomen. 40 ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF PROSPALTA. Anterior wings with two fuscous patches; joint 1 of funicle wider than pedicel. murtfeldtii Anterior wings perfectly hyaline; joint 1 of funicle narrower than pedicel.. aurantii Prospalta murtfeldtii Howard (fig. 12), Prospalta murtfeldtii Howard. Insect Life, vol. yii, p. t>, 1894. Female. — Length, 0.69 linn. ; expanse, 1.7 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.3 mm. Joint 1 of funicle wider than pedicel; nagellum gradu- ally widening from base of pedicel to base of club. Surface of body nearly smooth; scutelluni slightly shagreened. General color light yellow; mesoscutum with brownish patch covering entire disk; nieso- scutellum with two large brown patches, one each side of middle line; axillae each with a brown patch; metanotum brownish; base of abdo- men brown; tip of abdomen also brown; antenna1 brown, with the exception of joints 2 and 3 of the funicle, which are whitish; all eoxre and femora light honey-yellow, except that hind femora are dusky at base; front tibia1 with a dusky ring near middle; first and second tarsal joints of forelegs dusky; middle1 and hind tibia1 each with two dusky bands: first tarsal joint of middle and hind legs dusky; wings hyaline witli a fuscous basal patch, and a triangular median fuscous patch with its apex at stigmal vein and its base reaching somewhat less than half of outer hind margin; entire disk of wing densely, finely, and uniformly ciliate; apical spur of tibia1 rather short. Hind-wings with two rows of discal cilia and an interrupted third row on outer third. Hind marginal cilia somewhat longer than wing width. Described from five balsam-mounted female specimens reared by Miss Mary B. Murtfeldt, at Kirkwood, Mo., from Aspidiotus uvce. deceived November 4, 1888. Since the original description was published I have received a series of thirteen specimens of this insect from Mr. W. G. Johnson, of the State Laboratory of Natural History, at Champaign, 111. Eleven of this series Mr. Johnson reared from a new species of Aspidiotus on cherry- twigs, and the other two from a new species of Aspidiotus on currant canes, both at Champaign, 111. The specimens received from Mr. John- son were all mounted dry, on tags, while the type specimens from Miss Murtfeldt were mounted in balsam. It becomes apparent that Miss Murtfeldt' s specimens must have been mounted very soon after they issued from the host insect. The colors are lighter, in general, than those of the matured and dried specimens. The second funicle joint of the antenme is dusky, like the first funicle joint, and not white, like the third. The general color of the thorax, instead of being yel- low, is dark brown. The basal joints of the abdomen are yellowish, with the tip brown. The obvious conclusion is that all these parasites should be allowed to mature in color before being mounted in balsam. 41 Prospalta aurantii (Howard) (fig. 13). Coccophagus aurantii Howard. Insect Life, vol. VI, p. 231, 1894. Female. — Length, 0.7 mm.; expanse, 1.16 mm.; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.18 mm. Joint 1 of funicle shorter and narrower than pedicel and than joint 2, which is subequal to pedicel in length and width, joint 3 shorter than joint 2. Surface of thorax smooth. Gen- eral color, light brownish yellow; occipital line, margin of pronotum and a median stripe on mesoscutum, scapula), outer edge of metano- tum, abdomen, especially lateral margin, darker; antennas and legs light fuscous; eyes black, ocelli red; wings hyaline, veins slightly dusky. Fore-wings with disk densely, finely, and uniformly ciliate, costal margin with very short marginal cilia beginning at stigma, growing gradually longer at tip of wing and on lower outer margin becoming half the width of wing; broadest portion of wing beyond stigma; hind-wings as with preceding species. Described from two female specimens reared May 9, 1887, by I). W. Coquillettfrom Asp idiot us aurantii, var. ritrinus, from San Gabriel. Cal. Fig. 13.— Prospalta aurantii (Howard)— greatly enlarged (from Insect Life). Specimens of this species occur in the collection of the Department of Agriculture, reared from the following species of Coccidfle: Aspidio- tus ancylus Putn. var., on linden, District of Columbia; Mytilaspis cit- ricola Pack, on orange, Florida ; Aspidiotus pint Comst. on Pinus rigida, Ithaca, N. Y.; Mytilaspis albus, var. concolor Ckll., Cockerell, Las Cruces, N. Mex.; Mytilaspis eucalypti Crawford MS., Adelaide, South Australia, October 5. Mr. W. G. Johnson has also sent me from the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History at Champaign, 111., a large series of this species reared from a species of Ghionaspis on an undetermined food-plant (probably introduced) growing on the university campus. Professor Berlese has also sent me specimens of this species reared in Italy from Aspidiotus ederce and from Leucaspis pinifolim on Pinus canariensis. The figure of this insect in Insect Life (reproduced above) is not coloration al. 42 The extraordinary geographical range, as indicated by this summary of the specimens at hand, would seem to indicate the possibility that this species is originally an inhabitant of Europe, and that it has been introduced into the United States and Australia. It is evidently a very important species. It is the so-called "golden chalcid" referred to in California reports. Genus ABLERXTS Howard. AbJerus Howard. Insect Life, vol. vn, p. 7, 1894. Female. — Fore- wings with no transverse hairless streak below stigma. Antenna' apparently only 7-jointed, club appearing unjointed; antennae simple, slightly clavate; scape slender; pedicel as long as, or slightly longer than, funicle joint 1 j funicle joints 1, 2, and 1 subequal in length, 3 rather shorter; club as long as three last funicle joints together, furnished with two minute papillar projections at tip; mesoscutar parapsides clavate, but not broadening suddenly into a club; mesoscu- tellum transverse; ab- domen semiovate; ovi- positor extruded for more than half the length of abdomen. Wings short, narrow; marginal vein nearly as long as submargin- al; stigmal long, slen- der, one-third length of marginal, squarely truncate at tip, extend- ing at a very slight angle into disk of wing; marginal vein with three principal bristles, submarginal with one; cilia of bor- der of wings as with Prospalta; hind border of fore-wings with a longitudinal hairless streak and a slight fold extending from base of wing nearly to middle; thickening of anal margin opposite tip of marginal vein of hind-wings seems to extend forward into this fold; marginal vein of hind- wings with closely set row of minute bristles. First tarsal joint of all legs as long as two succeeding joints together. Middle tibial spur as long as corresponding first tarsal joint. Ablems clisiocampse (Ashmead) (fig. 11). Centrodom cUsiocampiv Ashm., Proc. Entom. Soc. Washington, vol. in, p. 10 (1894). Female. — Length, exclusive of ovipositor, 0.7 mm.; ovipositor, 0.18 mm. ; expanse, 1.5 mm. ; greatest width of fore-wing, 0.19 mm. Hairs of Fig. 14. ■Ablerus clisiocampce (Aabmead)— greatly enlarged (from Insect Life) . 43 anal spiracle nearly as long as ovipositor. General color black, some- what metallic, notal sclerites of thorax having a greenish luster, while abdomen appears bluish; antennae black, with funicle joints 2 and 4 silvery white, and apical three- fourths of club light brown, with a somewhat silvery tinge. Head in life, and shortly after the insect has issued, whitish, with occiput yellow-brown and occipital line black; brown patch including ocelli. Eyes bright red. In dry mounts the head shrivels considerably and becomes light brown in color. Legs dark brown; all tibiae with a silvery white distal apex. Spurs of mid- dle tibiae black; tarsal joints 1, 2 and 5 dark brown or black; 3 and 4 whitish. Fore-wings with proximal three-fourths deeply and uni- formly infuscated, except two light longitudinal streaks near base; apical one-fourth hyaline; discal cilia very minute, but closely placed; sparse, however, toward distal anal portion and toward base of wing. Eedescribed from ten freshly issued females reared July 6 and 7, 1894, from female specimens of Chionaspis furfurus, District of Colum- bia. Mr. W. Gr. Johnson has also reared two females from a species of AspkUotus on pear and apple at Champaign, 111. In view of these rearings, as well as from the well-known and quite uniform host habit of the group, it becomes probable that Mr. Ash- mead's type came from a scale insect in the near vicinity of or perhaps hidden by the Clisiocampa eggs from which he thought he reared it. PHYSCUS new genus. Type: Coccopliagus varicornis Howard. Female. — Antennae 7-jointed; inserted at border of clypeus; scape slender; pedicel as long as first funicle joint; second and third funicle joints subequal and each longer than joint 1; club long, ovate, acute, 2-jointed; joint of division before middle. Eyes hairy. Mesoscutar parapsides very narrow; axillae also narrow; scutellum nearly as long as broad. Discal cilia of fore-wings uniform in distribution, but those proximad of stigma shorter and considerably more delicate than those distad; marginal vein about as long as submarginal; stigmal short, but with a well-defined neck and with a rounded knob; radial angle nar- row. Marginal cilia rather short; discal cilia of hind-wing very deli- cate and rather sparse. First tarsal joint of front and hind legs as long as two following joints; first tarsal joint of middle legs as long as three following joints; middle tibial spur long. Ovipositor slightly extruded. Male. — No fresh or balsam-mounted males are at hand, and charac- ters can not be studied from the poor material which we have. Physcus varicornis (Howard). Coccopliagus varicornis Howard. Ann. Rept. Dept. Agr. 1880, p. 360. lemale. — Length, 0.7 mm.; expanse, 1.4 mm.; greatest width of fore- wing, 0.25 mm. Mesonotum very faintly longitudinally shagreened> 44 nearly smooth, sinning; teguhe, pleura, and abdomen smooth. Wings hyaline. General color glistening black; antennal scape dusky: pedi- cel nearly white; first funicle joint dark brown; joints 2 and .*> nearly white, somewhat yellowish; club light brown; mesopostscutellum nearly white; all coxa' black: trochanters nearly white: all femora and tibiae black or dark brown, lighter at extremities; tarsi all nearly white, including terminal joints: pile on sides of abdomen and hind femora white, showing distinctly against the black surface. Described from one female specimen, reared March 1, from Aspidio- tus ancylus on linden. District of Columbia. There is also a huge series of specimens of this species in the National Museum collection reared from Cltionaspis quereus^ at Alameda, Cal., by A. Koebele, in August. Among the series is a number of males, but none are in con- dition for description. Such antennal fragments as remain, however, show that the antennae are probably of a uniform brown color. Mr. W. (i. Johnson has also sent me from the State Laboratory of Natural History at Champaign, 111., a series of five specimens reared from his manuscript Chionaspis americana on elm. Technical Series No. 2. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. THE GRASS AND GRAIN JOINT-WORM FLIES AND THEIR ALLIES: A CONSIDERATION OF SOME NORTH AMERICAN PHYTOPHAGIC EURYTOMIN.E. BY L. O. HOWARD ENTOMOLOGIST. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1896. LETTEE OF TRANSMITTAL. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, D. C, February 5, 1896. Sir : I have the honor to submit for publication the second number of the technical series of bulletins of this office, intended especially for working entomologists, and to be distributed also to learned societies and to x>eriodicals and libraries. The phytophagic Eurytoininre here considered, mainly from the classificatory standpoint, work in the stems of grasses and small grains and in the seeds of grapes. Eespectfully, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Hon. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. CONTENTS. Page Introduction 7 Analysis of genera 7 Genus Isosoma 8 Isosomorpha 20 Eurytomocharis 21 EA^oxysoma 22 Decatomidea 23 5 ON SOME AMERICAN PHYTOPHAGIC ECRYTOMINi By L. O. Howard. Ten years ago, when Prof. F. M. Webster, then a field agent of this division, was engaged in studying certain grain-stalk and grassy-stalk insects in Indiana and Ohio, and at about the time when he succeeded in securing the material upon which Dr. Eiley established, with his assistance, the fact of dimorphism and alternation of generations of Isosoma tritici and I. grfinde, he collected and reared several other species of Isosoma, and a little later Mr. Koebele, in California, also an agent of the division, reared several additional species. At that time the writer drew up a rather careful paper on the genus as it was then understood, characterizing all the new forms, and had competent figures of the most important species prepared. The manuscript was then laid aside in the hope that further facts would be ascertained concerning the life history of some of the species which would render the account more complete. Other matters have interfered, however, with the proposed studies, and as the importance of placing the facts already collected upon record and of describing and naming the new forms seems great, the whole subject has been carefully gone over again in the light of recent papers which have been published (espe- cially by Mr. Ashmead), and which involve certain generic changes in the subfamily Eurytoniime, and the results are presented herewith. The writer has included in his account only the species which have been reared or of which we know the habits with some certainty. There are several additional species in Mr. Ashmead's collection and in the collection of the National Museum, but we do not know their specific habits, and they are omitted from present consideration on that account. The species here treated are included in five genera, the females of which may be separaced by the following table: ANALYSIS OF GENERA. Females. Metathorax much lengthened. Metanotum sloping, rounded behind Isosoma Metanotum quadrate, abruptly truncate behind Isosomorpha Metathorax not lengthened. Postmarginal vein longer than stigmal, but,not twice as long. Parapsidal furrows obliterated posteriorly Decatomulea Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct Eurytomocharis Postmarginal vein twice as long as stigmal Evoxysoma 7 Genus ISOSOMA Walker. There is no longer any question as to the phytophagic habits of Walker's genus Isosoma, although they were questioned by E. A. Fitch as late as 1882. The careful observations of early American writers, particularly Harris, Asa Fitch, Walsh, and Riley, had fixed the status of Isosoma hordei as a plant-feeder beyond all perad venture, but their conclusions were not accepted by certain English entomologists until Westwood had published his careful studies on Isosoma orchidearum and until Wcyhenbergh had called attention to his earlier observations on a Dutch species. (See the writer's paper on the Biology of the Chalcididre, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. xiv, p. i)$i~>.) In addition to I. hordei Harris, the fact of phytophagy was established by Asa Fitch for his I. secale^ tritici, hordei. and fulvipes. The last of these, as we have shown by comparison of the type specimens, is synonymous with Harris's I. hordei, and the third, therefore, through preoccupation of the name, needs a oew designation. Eiley has also proved conclusively that his I. tritici (here treated as I. grande) is phytophagic. Of the other species which we treat below, the plant-feeding habit is perhaps not absolutely proven in each case, but the insects are structurally so closely related that, taken in connection with the proof at hand, this habit can not be doubted. The true European Isosomas have now practically all been accepted as plant-feeding species. Schlech- tendal, in his "Die (iallbildungen der deutschen Gefiissptlanzen" (Jahresbericht des Vereins far Naturkunde zu Zwickau, 1890), gives thirteen species of this genus as true gall makers in Europe. Owing to the fact that an alternation of generations connected with a peculiar dimorphism has been established in the case of I. tritici Riley (= I. grande, form minutum) and 7". grande Riley, it is quite likely that a similar phenomenon will be found to occur with more than one of the following species, in the. majority of cases, however, the males have been associated with the females, and where species have been described from the females alone, these have been large and well- formed individuals, with no trace of degradational characters, such as the absence of wings, which would indicate that they are parthenoge- netic forms. Moreover, I. tritici Riley has a somewhat different facies from the other members of the genus, consisting largely in its smooth aspect and one or two other minor points, which practically associate it with Haliday's genus Philachyra. While the writer is not inclined to give Philachyra generic importance, and considers that its species should be still associated with the true Isosomas, these feeble charac- ters may still be associated with the phenomenon of dimorphism, and 1 Walsh considered Fitch's species as synonymous with hordei since they were dis- tinguished almost entirely by the coloration of the legs. Careful study, however, of Fitch's types, now iu the possession of the United States Department of Agriculture, shows them to be distinct in other characters. 9 we may not find this characteristic present with more typical Isosomas. This supposition is to a certain extent supported by the fact that an examination of certain of Portschinsky's species of Russian Isosomas, sent us by Professor Portschinsky some years ago, shows that his I. apterum and I. eremitum belong to the smooth Philachyra group, and that the former, as the name shows, is wingless. It may further be considered suggestive that only females of apterum were received from the Kussian writer, while both a male and a female of eremitum were received. Does this not immediately hint at a possible alterna- tion of generations with these two so-called species? This coincidence further suggests that Philachyra may be a valid genus after all, even though we are able to separate it from Isosoma by no other morpho- logical character than the smoothness of the integument. ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ISOSOMA. Females. Mesonotum smooth, polished, shining. Winged grande, form grande Wingless grande, form minutum Mesonotum coarsely, more or less umhilicately, punctured. Pronotal spot wanting bromi Pronotal spot moderately large and rather distinct hageni Mesonotum rugulose, shagreened or coriaceous; not umhilicately punctured. Thorax nearly smooth, feehly shagreened or coriaceous and more or less shining. Central furrow of metanotum incomplete websteri Central furrow of metanotum complete. Metanotal furrow with a complete median longitudinal carina. Cheeks very full and hairy hirtifrons Cheeks not especially full and hairy maculatum Metanotal furrow with no median carina. Metanotal furrow shallow and transversely striate elymi Metanotal furrow strongly emarginate ; not striate bromicola Metanotal furrow with an incomplete median longitudinal carina.. Jitehi Thorax more coarsely shagreened or finely rugulose, opaque or subopaque. Abdomen shorter than thorax. Much shorter than thorax, subglobose agrostidis Nearly as long as thorax, oblong o\Tal '. captivum Abdomen longer than thorax. Pronotal spot minute hordei Pronotal spot large, distinct. Second abdominal segment longer than fourth and fifth together secale Second abdominal segment shorter than fourth and fifth together tritici Isosoma (Philachyra) grande Kiley (fig. 1). Isosoma tritici Riley, American Naturalist, March, 1882, p. 247. Isosoma grande Riley, Ann. Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric, 1884. p. 358. This species differs at once from all the other American forms by its smooth, polished, and shining mesothorax. Next to hordei it is the best known and most important, economically speaking, of the North American species. It is the only species of Isosoma for which a true 10 alternation of generations has been established. The small wingless form, originally described by Eiley as tritici, is the vernal generation, and consists of both sexes. The large winged form, described as grande, is the summer generation, and consists entirely of females. The species is widespread, occurring through the middle belt of country from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and has been reared only from wheat stalks. The name tritici Eiley falls on account of its preoccupation by Fitch. Dr. Eiley was familiar with Fitch's name, but revived it for the present species, thinking with Walsh that tritici Fitch was a synonym of hordei Harris. Eiley's name, however, even in that event, would have been rejected under the law of "once a synonym always a synonym." The dimorphism in this species is fortunate, since it enables us to retain Fh;. l.—Itotoma grande Kiley. Eiley's name for the summer form as the specific name. The species must, therefore, be known as follows: Isosoma grande Riley. Form grande=winge6 Bummer generation. Form minutum ' {proposed in place of tHHd)=wmgleBS spring and winter generation. Isosoma californicum n. sp. Female. — Length, 5 mm.; expanse, 8 mm. Head and thorax rather coarsely umbilicate-puuctate; petiole distinct, but short and stout; abdominal segments 5 to 8 shorter than 4, 2 and 5 subequal, 3 and 4 subequal; mesoscutellum pointed at tip, axilla? nearly meeting; meta- notuin with a straight central longitudinal groove which is regularly concave from side to side and slightly emarginate at borders; each side of the groove the metanotum is coarsely umbilicate-punctate; hind coxae plainly granulate above. Antenme rather short and stout; joints 1 For a good figure of form minutum, see Ann. Rept. Dept. Agric., 1881-82, piate xii, fig. 3 li well separated, cup-shaped ; funicle joint 1 about as long as pedicel, but longer and narrower than succeeding joint; joints 1-4 each slightly wider than preceding joint; club ovate, as long as two preceding funicle joints together. Abdomen longer than thorax, shining, with very faint sculpturing; penultimate and antepenultimate segments with abundant white pile, which also occurs on the pygidium as well as the head and thorax; spur of stigmal club given off just before tip and reaching farther toward apex of wing than does tip of club; pronotal spot lack- ing, pronotum uniform jet black, as is the rest of the body; the place ordinarily occupied by the yellowish pronotal spot somewhat sunken, has a finer sculpture, and is lacking in the white pile found elsewhere on the thorax. All legs uniform dark honey yellow except coxa?, which are black; scape dark honey-yellow; wing veins light brownish-yellow. Male. — Closely resembles female. Antennae long and stout; scape slightly exi>anded below; pedicel small, globose; funicle joints strongly arched above, not constricted in middle, markedly pedicellate, and each with two half whorls of long hairs; funicle joint 1 nearly twice as long as 2; 2, 3, 4, and 5 subequal in length; club elongate, pointed, as long as two preceding funicle joints together. Punctation somewhat less distinct; legs black, except tarsi and tips of femora and tibia*, which are yellow; petiole stout, as long as first abdominal joint. Described from 5 females and 10 males captured April 20, 1891, by Albert Koebele, in the upper part of Shepherd's Canyon, Argus Moun- tains, California, upon Eriocoma cuspidata. The insects were collected in numbers at rest upon the upper part of the plant just before dusk. Upon examining the grass stalks Mr. Koebele found that they contained holes from which the Isosomas had apparently emerged. Isosoma bromi n. sp. Female. — Length, 3.4 mm.; expanse, 5.6 mm. Head and thorax densely umbilicate-punctate, punctations rather finer and closer than in preceding species; pronotal spot wanting; abdomen without a trace of sculpture, not longer than thorax, but more swollen than in preceding species; mesoscutellum and metanotum as with calif ornicum, except that the metanotum each side of median groove is not so coarsely punc- tate; claw of stigmal club strongly curved; front coxa? honey-yellow, middle and hind coxa? black; front femora and tibia? honey-yellow, middle femora honey-yellow, tibiae darker, hind femora and tibiae dark brown, yellowish at joints. Male. — Length, 3 mm. ; expanse, 5.4 mm. Antenna? as with califor- nicum, except that joint 1 of funicle is less than twice as long as 2, and is regularly furnished with long hairs not arranged in whorls. Petiole slenderer than with preceding species, little longer than coxae, and not as long as first segment of abdomen. Described from 2 females and 1 male reared from Bromus ciliatus, in May and August, 1887, at Los Angeles, Cal., by Albert Koebele. 12 Isosoma hageni n. sp. Female. — Length, 4 mm.; expanse, 7 mm.; head and thorax rather coarsely reticulate-punctate, the interspaces of the reticulations finely granulate. Metanotuni with three faint subparallel longitudinal sub- median carina?. Pronotal spot moderately large and rather distinct. Abdomen a little shorter than the thorax, second segment occupying about one-third of its dorsum; segments 3, 4, 6, and 7 subequal; seg ment 5 a trifle longer. Petiole rugose, stout; hind coxae faintly sha- greened. Antenna1 not in good condition for study in the two specimens at hand — broken in one and with the pupal sheaths in the other. Stigmal club, rounded; spur distinct, straight. Color, black; apical third of front femora and tibia and tarsi of the same legs, honey-yellow; knees and tarsi of middle and hind legs also honey-yellow; pubescence of entire body short and sparse, light in color. Fio. 2. — Itotoma agrottidi* Howard. Described from two female specimens from the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., labeled in the handwriting of Dr. Hagen, " In quick grass, Boston, March, 1883, H. H." Isosoma agrostidis n. sp. (fig. 2). Female. — Length, 2.8 mm.; expanse, 5.2 mm. Head and mesothorax finely shagreened and also very sparsely and finely rugulose; meta- notuin somewhat coarsely rugulose and without a median furrow, but with a rather faint median longitudinal carina; mesoscutellum rather rounded at apex, not sharply pointed; axillar and parapsidal sutures nearly meeting; pronotal spot evident but small, scarcely seen from above; first funicle joint of antenna1 not twice as long as second; remaining joints subequal, somewhat rounded; club joints very dis- tinct, terminal one acuminate and styliferous. Abdomen short and stout, considerably shorter than thorax; subglobose in shape, its sec- 13 ond segment occupying nearly half of the whole surface; segments 3 to 7 short, subequal. Entire body very free from pilosity, except meta- uotal fimbria, which is pronounced and white, and except hind cox* which have slight whitish pilosity on the outer side. Claw of stigmal club straight, issuing from tip of club and extending considerably beyond it, club itself abruptly truncate, triangular. Entire body, including legs, black, except pronotal spot, femoro-tibial knees and tarsi, which are dark honey-yellow. Described from two female specimens reared by Albert Koebele, from small galls occurring rarely upon a grass of the genus Agrostis, col- lected at Summit, Placer County, Cal., in September, 1885. The galls were distinct elliptical swellings about 7 to 10 mm. long and from 2 to 3 mm. in greatest diameter, and occurred upon different parts of the stalk. Isosoma captivum n. sp. (fig. 3). Female. — Length, 3.4 mm.; expanse, 5.8 mm. Head and meson otum uniformly, finely, and closely rugulose, not shagreened; metanotum Fin. S.—Isosoina captivum Howard. more coarsely rugulose and with a narrow and shallow central longi- tudinal groove which widens slightly posteriorly; pronotal spot plain, moderately large; hind coxa; delicately punctate. Abdomen shiny, as long as thorax, oblong-ovoid ; the second segment occupying nearly one-third the whole surface; segments 1 to G subequal, the third a little shorter; funicle joints 2 to 5 subequal; club nearly as long as three preceding joints; joint 1 one-half longer than 2; pile sparse and short, more marked at metanotal fimbria and terminal joints of abdomen than elsewhere. Color uniform black, except for pronotal spot, tarsi, middle and hind femoro-tibial knees, front tibiae and apical third of front fem- ora, which are light honey-yellow. Stigmal club about as in preceding species, except that its tip is more rounded instead of squarely truncate. Male, — Length, 2.5 mm.; expanse, 5 mm. Punctation rather finer than with female; petiole as long as first abdominal joint, strongly 14 rugose; flagelluni of antenme long; pedicel not globose, slightly elon- gate; joint 1 of funicle longest, twice as long as pedicel; joints 2, 3, 4, and 5, each a little shorter than its preceding joint; not so strongly pedicellate as with I. californicum and I. bromi, moderately arched above with the hairs arranged in two indefinite whorls; club separated into two subequal pedicellate joints^ giving tunicle the appearance of being 6-jointed instead of 5-jointed, as with bromi and californicum; scape short, about as long as pedicel and flrst funicle joint together; strongly expanded below tip. Coloration like that of female. Described from 17 females and 12 males captured by Prof. F. M. Webster, in May, 1885-86, at Normal, 111., and Lafayette, IncL, on blue grass. Isosoma elymi French (tig. 4). Isosoma elymi French, Canadian Kntomologist, vol. XIV, p. 9, 1882. Female. — Length, 3.8 mm; expanse. 7 mm. Head and mesonotum deli- cately shagreen ed, not rugulose; metanotum with a central longitudi- Fig. 4. — Isosoma elymi French. nal furrow, rather broad and shallow and transversely striate; each side of the posterior two-thirds of the groove is a broad, flat space, closely and finely granulate; above this space is a coarsely rugulose area; pronotal spot very large and conspicuous, occupying one-half of the dorsal aspect of the anterior border of the pronotum. Entire body rather closely but finely pilose. Antenna' unusually hairy; joint 1 of funicle nearly twice as long as joint 2, which is about the same length as pedicel; joints 3, 4, and 5 about equal to 2; club as long as three preceding joints together. Abdomen as long as thorax; joint 2 as long as 3, 4, and 5 together; joints 4 and 5 subequal, 6 and 7 a little longer. Scape and legs black; apical one-third of anterior femora, front tibiae, all tarsi, and knees of middle and hind legs, honey-yellow ; the prono- tal spot lighter yellow; claw of stigmal club given off just before the 15 tip and not extending farther than tip of club in the direction of apex of wing. Redescribed from 1 female specimen reared from Ely mux americanus at Carbondale, 111., April, 1882, by Prof. G. H. French. Isosoma macula turn n. sp. Female. — Length, 3.8 mm.; expanse, 5.4 mm. Sculpturing of head and mesonotum as with preceding species; metanotum with a very shallow, scarcely margined, central longitudinal furrow, including throughout nearly its whole length a median longitudinal carina; the rest of the sclerite irregularly and coarsely rugulose, the elevations mainly taking a longitudinal direction; hind coxa3 faintly granulate above; pronotal spot very large, even more pronounced than with pre- ceding species and covering two-thirds of dorsal aspect of fore border of pronotum; axillae meeting at tip. Antennae as with preceding spe- cies, except that club is decidedly flattened from sides. Abdomen smooth and shining, not quite as long as thorax; segments 3 to 5 Fig. 5. — Isosoma websteri Howard. slightly and gradually increasing in length ; joint 6 a little shorter than 5; flagellum of antennae rather shorter than preceding species; relative proportions of joints about the same. Body sparsely hairy; stigmal club as with preceding species. Coloration as with preceding species. Described from two female specimens collected on blue grass May 19, 1886, and June 3, 1885, at Lafayette, Ind., by Prof. F. M. Webster. Isosoma websteri n. sp. (fig. 5). Female. — Length, 3.4 mm.; expanse, 6.3 mm. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum as with preceding species; metanotum with only the begin- ning of a central furrow, its lateral carinse immediately curving around to the sides, each inclosing an oval, flattened, nearly smooth portion of the metascutellum; a median carina extending nearly to the tip of the 16 sclerite; pronotal spot moderately large and plainly seen from above, occupying a little more than one- third of the dorsal aspect of the pro- notal foreborder. Abdomen much longer than thorax; segments 3 to 5 increasing in length; 6 and 7 as long as 5. Antennae with joint 1 of funicle twice as long as 2; joints 3, 4, and 5 gradually decreasing in length, subequal in width; joint 5 more closely connected with club than with preceding joint. Color and wing venation as with preceding species. Described from 7 female specimens collected on wheat at Normal, 111., by Prof. F. M. Webster, in May, 1884. Isosoma hirtifrons n. sp. (fig. 6). Female. — Length, 3.7 mm. ; expanse, 7 mm. Sculpturing of head, pro- notum, and mesonotum as in preceding species, except that there are sparse, large, shallow punctures on mesoscutellum ; cheeks much fuller than in other species; metanotum as with I. maculatum. Abdomen Fig. fi — Isosoma hirtyfrons, Howard. about as long as thorax; segments 3 to 0, increasing in length. An- tenme stout, moderately long, very hairy; proportions about as in pre- ceding species. Body not unusually pilose, except face, which is closely covered with short white pile; pronotal spots very plain, but not large, occupying about one-third of the dorsal aspect of the fore-border of the pronotum. Color black, except for all femero-tibial knees and pro- notal spot. Claw of stigmal club given off some distance before tip, delicate and short. Described from 4 female specimens reared by Mr. D. W. Coquillett March 13, 188G, from rye stalks which he collected in Mercer County, Cal., June 21, 1885. Isosoma bromicola n. sp. Female. — Length, 3.1 mm ; expanse, 4.6 mm. Punctation of head, pro- notum and mesonotum like that of I. maculatum, which it also resembles 17 in the large pronotal spots. Metaiiotum with a distinct, strongly emar- ginate central longitudinal groove, the space either side finely granulate, with occasional irregular carinas. Abdomen longer than thorax; seg- ment 2 as long as 3, 4, and 5 together; 5 and 6, subequal. Antennae rather long and straight; pilose; joint 1 of funicle only slightly longer than joint 2; club not quite as long as three preceding joints together, strongly flattened from side. Face very slightly pilose; metanotal fimbria sparse. The whole insect is smaller, slenderer, and more deli- cate in appearance than any except grande, form minutum. Male. — Length, 1.9 mm; expanse, 3.4 mm. Petiole short, not as long as first abdominal segment and scarcely as long as hind coxa1, scape of antennae slightly widened; funicle joints very slightly rounded above and very slightly pedicellate; each more than twice as long as pedicel and each faintly constricted in middle; club divided into two pedicellate joints as with I. captivum. All legs black with light-yellow knees. Fig. ■Isosoma tritici Fitch. Described from 11 females and 7 males reared by Mr. Albert Koebele, at Los Angeles, Oal., from Bromus ciliatus collected at Millard's Canyon, Los Angeles County, Cal. The adults issued in March, 1887, from grass collected September, 1886. Isosoma tritici Fitch (fig. 7). Eunjtoma tritici Fitch, Jour. N. Y. State Agricultural Society, 1859, vol. x, p. 115. Fsosoma h ordei Walsh, Amer. Entomologist and Botanist, Oct., 1870, vol. n, p. 332. Decatoma basilaris Provancher, Faun. Ent. Can., vol. n, p. 569. Isosoma nigrum Cook, Rural New Yorker, June, 1885, p. 314. Female. — Length, 1 mm.; expanse, 7.0 mm. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum strongly rugulose but not umbilicate-punctate except toward tip of scutellum, where an occasional umbilicate puncture occurs; metanotum also strongly rugulose with a faint trace anteriorly of a median longitudinal furrow; metanotal spiracles large and per- 12284— No. 2 2 18 fectly circular; pronotal spots moderately large and often faint, but plainly discernible from above, sometimes, however, quite bright and distinct. Abdomen longer than thorax, nearly as long as head and thorax together: abdominal segments 4 and 5 together longer than 2; 3 only about half as long as 4, and 5 as long as two preceding united; first funicle joint one-half longer than second; club longer than three preceding funicle joints together. Body slightly but plainly pilose except at sides of metanotum, where the fimbria is very obvious. Legs black except at joints, which with the tarsi are yellow. Claw of stiginal club given off before the tip. Male. — Length, 2.\) ram.; expanse, 0 mm. Petiole shorter than hind coxa', faintly punctate; flagellum of antennae uniformly pilose, joints well rounded above, not strongly pedicellate; joint 1 three times as long- as wide and nearly three times as long as pedicel; none of the funicle joints constricted in the middle; joints 2 and 3 each nearly as long as 1 ;♦ joints 4 and 5 each a little shorter; club plainly divided by a distinct incision into two joints, but the terminal ovate joint is not pedicellate. Bedescribed from many male and female specimens reared in Decem- ber and January, 1885, from wheat stalks collected in Louisa County, Ya.; from other specimens received from A. J. Cook, Lansing, Mich.; from others reared by -1. II. Comstock, at Ithaca, X. Y., from straw col- lected in the immediate vicinity; from other specimens received from J. A. Lintner, Albany. X. V.; from specimens from the Asa Fitch col- lect ion, labeled •• Eurytoma tritici Fitch, Maryland, K.L. liogers;" from specimens collected on grass at Lafayette, hid., by F. M. Webster; from specimens received from S. (). Diom, Grantsville, N. C; from many specimens reared from Elymus americanus by Albert Koebele, in Los Angeles, Oal., and from many more specimens reared by the same gentleman from a grass which was supposed by Mr. Koebele to be either Bromus (-Hiatus or a species <>t Agropyrum, in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California. Isosoma hordei Harris. Ichneumon liordi i Harris, New England Farmer, July 23, 1830, vol. ix, p. 2. Eurytoma fulvijpes Pitch, Seventh Rept. Ins. N. Y. (sep. ed.), 1862, p. 151. Isosoma hordei (var.j. Walsh, Amer. Kntom., Oct., 1870, vol. n, p. 330. The writer is able to positively assert that Harris's I. hordei is iden- tical with Fitch's I.fulvipe*. Fitch's types are in the possession of the United States National Museum, and through the kindness of Mr. Sam- uel Henshaw, of the Boston Society of Natural History, I have been able to critically examine Harris's types, consisting of 2 males and 2 females, fragmentary it is true, but perfectly recognizable. The spec- imens are labeled "281," and the record, as I am informed by Mr. Hen- shaw, reads "281 Eurytoma hordei H. N. E. Farmer, Insect (parasitic?) in Barley, June 15, 1830.'' Female. — Length, 3.G mm ; expanse, 6 mm. Pronotum and mesonotum minutely but strongly rugulose, smoother than I. tritici; metanotum 19 more coarsely rugulose, the larger elevations taking a longitudinal direction, no central furrow or carina; pronotal spot very small, not visible from above. Abdomen as long as head and thorax together; joints 4, G, and 7 subequal in length, the fifth a little longer; joint 3 a little longer than 4; 2 hardly longer than 3 and 4 united; funicle joints 2 to 5 submoniliform, but still a little longer than broad. All legs (except coxae) and antennae honey-yellow, flagellum and femora a little darker; claw of stigmal club straight, given off well before tip of clnb; pilosity sparse. Male. — The only males which I have seen are the two from the Harris collection. These are both in very bad condition; neither has an abdo- men and one has no antenme. With the other but three funicle joints remain on the left antenna (the others being broken off) and four on the right, but the latter are still inclosed in the pupal sheath. The three funicle joints remaining on the left antenna are not pedicellate, very slightly arched above, and furnished with close, moderately short hair not arranged in whorls; joint 1 longest, 2 and 3 successively decreasing. Joint 4 is still shorter, judging from the sheathed right antenna. Described from 14 female and 2 male specimens, two females from the Fitch collection, labeled in Fitch's handwriting "Eurytoma fnlvipes Fh.,"ten females reared in the Division of Entomology, January 23, 1883, from stems of barley received from W. Couper, "Canada West/1 and two females and two males from the Harris collection, reared from barley, June 15, 1830. Isosoma secale Fitch. Eurytoma secalis Fitch, Amer. Agric. Aug., 1861, vol. x\, p. 236. Isosoma hordei (var. ) Walsh, Amer. Entom., Oct., 1870, vol. II, p. 330. Female. — Length, 3.G mm.; expanse, 6,6 mm. i'unctation as with preceding species ; pronotal spot large, plainly seen from above. Abdo- men as long as head and thorax; segments 4 and 5 subeqnal; 0 and 7 together shorter than 5; 2 much longer than 4 and 5 together. Color black; scape and legs black; front tibiae, knees, and tips of middle and hind tibiae and all tarsi honey-yellow; claw of stigmal club given off near tip of club, somewhat curved; antenme as with pieceding species. Male. — Length, 3 mm.; expanse, 5 mm. Specimen in rather poor condition. Expansion of scape more abrupt from tip than with other males described; funicle joints well arched above, scarcely pedicellate, each with two indefinite whorls of hair and with no median constric- tion; each joint twice as long as wide; clnb plainly divided into two joints, but no trace of pedicel to terminal joint, resembling hordei in this respect; petiole a little shorter than hind cox se and shorter than first abdominal segment. Kedescribed from one female and one male from Fitch's collection labeled Eurytoma secale. 20 Isosoma fitchi n. sp. Eurytoma hordei Fitch (nee Harris) Seventh Rept. Ins. New York (anthor's edi- tion), p. 154, 18G2. Female. — Length, 3 mm.; expanse, 5.8 mm. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum faintly shagreened, nearly smooth, shining; mesoscntellum with a few sparse punctures; metanotum with a complete median lon- gitudinal farrow einarginate on the anterior half and with a central carina extending nearly to tip; very coarsely rugulose either side of furrow with a faint granulation between raised lines; pronotal spot large, plainly seen from above and two spots together occupying about one-third of the dorsal aspect of the foreborder of the pronotnm. Antenna' with well separated joints; fnnicle joints 2, 3, 4, and 5 eqnal in length and width: joint 1 a little longer; joint 5 as well separated from club as from preceding joint: club a little longer than 4 and 5 together but of the same width. Abdomen as long as thorax; joint 4 shorter than (>; 5 longer than 6; 7 and 8 subequal. Color black, except for pronotal spot and knees, which are luteous: claw of stigmal club given otV about at tip of club, straight. Muh. — Length, 2.2 mm.; expanse, L2 mm. Petiole about as long as hind coxa- and nearly eqnal in length to first abdominal segment. Antenna' with fnnicle joints very slightly arched above, each joint fully three times as long as wide and slightly constricted in middle; other- wise as with /. hordei. Described from 2 females and 1 male in the Pitch collection, labeled in Fitch's handwriting" Eurytoma hordei Harris, Nos. 15223 and 15197. " Genus IS0S0M0RPHA Ashmead. Isosomorpha muhlenbergiae n. sp. Female — Length, 2.2 mm.; expanse, 4.8 mm. Thorax with close faint umbilicate-punctate sculpturing; metanotum with a straight central complete groove and a central carina indicated anteriorly — groove, how- ever, not einarginate: entire thorax with a close and very short white pile except in metanotal groove, which is naked. Abdomen shorter than thorax, flattened from sides; joint 1 very long, longer than all the rest together: joints 2 and 3 subequal; joints.") and <> very short; joints 2.3,4, and 5 of antennal fnnicle, equal in length and width, subqu ad rate; joint 1 longer, twice as long as pedicel; club long, ovate, a little longer than fnnicle' joints 4 and 5 together. Color black; front coxa' dark brown, black at base: all legs honey-yellow; scape slightly yellowish at base; wings hyaline: stigmal club very small; claw feeble. Described from one female specimen reared from a gall on M allien - bergia diffusa, closely resembling deformation made by Isosoma hordei, and collected July 25, 1801, by J. Gr. Barlow, at Cadet, Mo. 21 Genus EURYTOMOCHARIS Ashmead. Eurytomocharis eragrostidis n. sp. (fig. 8). Female. — Leugth, 1.8 mm; expanse, 4 mm. Head and. thorax very faintly shagreened, with minute umbilicate punctures on pronotuni and larger ones on mesoscutellum ; metanotum with central longitud- inal suture complete, but not emarginate. Abdomen shorter than tho- rax; joint 4 as long as 2 and 3 together; 2 and 3 subequal; 5 and 6 short. Antennae with globose funicle joints; joint 1 of funicle a little longer than pedicel, others subequal; club ovate, a little longer than funicle joints 4 and 5 together. All legs, including coxae, dark yellow brown. Male. — Length, 1.2 mm; expanse. 2.0' mm. Petiole faintly sculp- tured, as long as hind coxae; antenna1 with the 5 funicle joints strongly arched above and pedicellate; the body of each joint nearly as wide as Fig. 8. — Eurytomocharia eragrosHdis Howard. long; scape broad, slightly widened below; pedicel globose; club as long as two preceding funicle joints together, not obviously divided. Described from very many male and female specimens reared Sep- tember, 1885, and March, 1886, from stems of Eragrostis poceoides, collected at Lafayette, Ind., by F. M. Webster. The infested grass stem is as a general thing not at all or very slightly swollen. The larva excavates it for a distance of an inch or more and issues from a round hole. The first or second joint below the head seems to be the portion of the grass most commonly attacked. Eurytomocharis triodise n. sp. Female. — Length, 3.2 mm.; expanse, 5 mm. Resembles closely the foregoing species, except that it is considerably larger. Head, pro- notum, and mesonotum coarsely umbilicate-punctate; metanotum with very shallow emarginate central furrow with transverse rugosities 22 throughout its full extent; the narrow expanse either side of furrow granulate; remainder of met an o turn coarsely rugose. Abdomen as long as head and thorax together; fourth segment longer than .second and third together; third twice as long as second; fifth equal in length to second. Entire thorax with close white pile. Antenna4 about as with preceding species, except that joint 1 of funicle is longer than 2 and nearly twice as long as pedicel; club of stigmal vein triangular; claw not distinctly differentiated. Color, black; scape, honey-yellow : all legs brown, lighter at joints; femora and tibiae, dark in the middle. All coxae shagreened. Male, — Length, 2.1 mm.; expanse, 3.2 mm. Petiole slightly rugose; distinctly longer than bind coxae; antenna' as with preceding species, except that joint 1 of the funicle is longer than 2, and 2 is longer than 3, while club is not so long as two preceding joints together. Described from 8 females and 1 male reared April 27 and May 17, 1888, from the dry stems of Triodia cnprea collected on the Virginia side of the Potomac River, near Washington, I). 0., by Theodore Pergande. r -ml^ Flu. »»,. Fig. 10. — Decatomidea cook! Howard. Report on the Insects of Missouri (p. 92), where it is stated that they were reared from infested grapes received in August, 1869, from A. S. Fuller, of New Jersey, and obtained by him from Canada. The evi- dence in favor of the phytophagic habit of the species, as given by Saunders in the Canadian Entomologist, is apparently conclusive, but there is still a chance that this species and the next one are parasitic or inquilinous. They hardly belong structurally to the phytophagic group of the Eurytominae. Genus DECATOMIDEA Ashmead. Decatomidea cooki n. sp. (tig. 10). Female. — Length, 3.6 mm; expanse, 5.8 mm. Head, pronotum, and mesonotum densely and rather coarsely and regularly umbilicate punc- tate; metanotum with a very broad central, slightly emarginate, and 24 very shallow shagreen ed furrow. Antennae rather long, mouiliform; funicle joint 1 more than three times as long as pedicel and nearly three times as long as thick; joint 2 shorter than 1, twice as long as thick; joint 3 a little longer than 2; 4 and 5 each as long as 2; club as long as 4 and 5 together. Body nearly naked; pile sparse. Color black; antenmc yellowish; ail legs yellowish except hind coxa1, which are blackish above and below; underside of thorax, all of face, includ- ing margin behind the eyes. 'and underside of abdomen, yellow, the yellow of the abdomen extending dor sally nearly to the middle on fifth and sixth segments; fourth segment as long as second and third together; tit'th longer than third, but shorter than fourth; second and sixth equal. Described from one female specimen reared March 12, 1884, from grape seeds received January 28, 1884. from A. J. Cook, at Lansing, Mich. There are four specimens in the national collection received by Professor Riley in the fall of 1880 from Dr. Fran/ Loew. of Vienna. The females differ from the single female reared from the seed sent by Professor Cook only colorationally ; the yellow is much more prevalent and the black is reduced to a series of dorsal markings. Of the four specimens received from Dr. Lowe, two are males and two females. The accompanying figure was drawn from one of the Loew females. With the males the antennas arc elongate, the dorsal whorls of hair on the funicle joints being very long, two distinct whorls to each joint, and the segment somewhat constricted between the whorls; not strongly pedicellate; joints 4 and 5 shorter than 2 and 3; club not longer than funicle joint 5. Each funicle joint is at least four times as long as broad, and the dorsal elevation is not strongly marked. In coloration the males are darker than the females. The longitudinal dorsal thoracic black band is broader behind although narrower on the pronotum, where it is sup- ported on either side by ;i black dot. The dorsum of the abdomen is entirely black. Dr. Loew wrote that the specimens were reared from seeds of Vitis californica. The seeds were imported from California to Vienna in the month of January. The imagos emerged from the seeds at some time between April 12 and June 15. A very great number of seeds were infested and the larvre consumed the entire seed contents. Tech. Ser. No. 3, Div. Entom., U. S. Department of Agriculture. Frontispiece. Leaf Galls of Pontania. 1. Pontania resinicola n. sp. 2. P. hyalina Norton. 3. P. desmodioides Walsh. 4. P. pomum Walsh. 5. P. piriformis n. sp. (3. P. monile u. sp. P. bruneri n. sp. Technical Series No. 3. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, REVISION OF THE NEMAT1N/E OF NORTH AMERICA, A SUBFAMILY OF LEAF-FEEDING HYMENOPTERA OF THE FAMILY TENTHREDINIM. BY O. L. MAKLATT, WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1896, LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, I). C, February 25, 1X96. Sir : I have the honor to submit for publication the third number of the technical series of bulletins of this Division. It has been prepared by my first assistant, Mr. C. L. Marlatt, and consists of a monographic revision ' of the Nematime, an important subfamily of leaf-feeding hymenopterous insects of the family Tenthredinidra. The larva? of these insects are all plant-feeders and include among their number some very important enemies of cultivated plants. They represent, economically, the most important group of the family to which they belong. Respectfully, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Hon. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture. 3 CONTENTS. Page. The Nematin,e of North America 7 Introduction 7 Geographical distribution 7 Food-plants « 7 Life history and habits 7 Range of species and economic importance 9 Difficulties arising from confusion of species and loss of types 9 Sources of material 10 Structure and terminology 10 Classification 17 Table of genera 18 Genus Cladius 19 Trichiocampus 20 Priophorus 20 Camponiscus 20 Anoplonyx 20 Euura 20 Pontania 20 rteronus 41 Amauronematus 75 Croesus *_ 86 Holcocneme 87 Nematus 87 Pachyncmatus 91 Micronematus 110 Lyga^onematus Ill Pristiphora 113 Gynmonychus 122 Dineura 125 Hemichroa 125 Appendix: Description of species the types of which are lost or inaccessible. . 126 Index to genera and species 133 5 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Leaf Galls of Pontania Frontispiece* Fig. 1. Head of Peteronu* extenticornu 11 i'. Mouth-parts of Packynemattu ericksonii 12 3. Thorax of Pacht/nematus eridksonii 1 :'- 1 . Types of claws 1 ."> 5. Abdomen of PaekynemaUu erioktonii 10 »!. Venation of Ncma tines II! 7. Pontania pisum Walsh 33 8. Pteronus ventralis Say , 51 !>. PachynematiU extensicornis Norton 97 10. Gymnonyohus calif amicus n. sp 123 6 THE NEMATIM OF NORTH AMERICA. INTRODUCTION. The subfamily Ncmatincv of Thompson or Nematina of Cameron (Konow's subtribe Nematides) comprises a very large group of closely allied species, distributed in the classification adopted by the author among nearly a score of genera. They range from very small insects to medium sized, but include no very large species, or in length from 2 to 12 mm. They are for the most part smooth, shining, and rather soft bodied, and are variously colored, but yet presenting frequently a confusing similarity in general form, and particularly in coloration, rendering their generic and specific references in some cases difficult. In point of number of species and abundance of individuals this sub- family far exceeds any other of the corresponding groups in the family Tenthredini(he, and in variation and peculiarities in larval habits and in economic importance many of the species belonging to it have a very great interest. Geographical distribution. — The Nematinse are distinctly northern in their range, reaching their greatest development in abundance of species and specimens in the transition and boreal zones, and extend north- ward into circumpolar regions — species occurring abundantly in Green- land, Iceland, and Spitzbergen. Southward they become less and less numerous, and are practically wanting in tropical countries. This is illustrated very forcibly in Europe by the occurrence of over 70 species of the old genus Nematus in Scotland (Cameron) and 95 in Sweden (Thompson), as against 12 about Naples, Italy (Costa); and the same discrepancy exists between the temperate and subarctic region of America and the Southern States and Mexico. Food-plants — Their food-plants cover a wide range, some species affect- ing grasses, one or two very destructive ones the grains, others various deciduous trees and shrubs, and still others conifers. The majority of the species occur, however, on plants of the families Salicaceae, Betu- laceae, Rosacea?, and Conifera3, in the order given. Life history and habits. — The Nematines are among the first sawflies to appear in spring, occurring abundantly on trees at the first appear- ance of the leaves. They do not often frequent flowers, except, at least, those of the plants upon which their larvae feed. Many willow species, for example, occur abundantly on the earliest spring bloom of the willow. 7 In common with other sawflies, however, they rarely leave their larval food-plants, and to be collected successfully a knowledge of their habits in this respect is very desirable. In number of broods great diversity is found, and the normal rule of most Tenthredinida1, of a single yearly brood, is frequently deviated from. Some species are known to be limited in number of broods only by the length of the season, as, for example, Pteronus centralis Say, the common willow species. Two annual generations are common, but many species are single brooded, the larva1 entering the soil or other material or remaining in their galls ;it the completion of growth and continuing in dormant condition until the following spring, when shortly before they emerge as perfect insects the change to the pupal condition takes place. The males normally appear a few days before the females, ami the duration of the life of the adults of both sexes is short, not often exceeding a week or ten days. ( )f a large percentage of the species no males are known, and in the case of many species careful and repeated breeding records indicate that males are very rarely produced. In some species parthenogenesis is complete; that is, the eggs from unimpregnated females produce other females. In other instances of parthenogenesis, however, either males only are developed from unfer- tilized ova or females very rarely. The union of the sexes takes place very shortly after the appearance of the females and e^ deposition closely follows. The eggs are inserted either singly or a number together in the young twigs, larger veins, petioles, in the surface parenchyma, or in the edges of the leaves, the single exception being the case of the gooseberry sawfly {Pteronus ribesii), which merely glues its eggs to the leaf without making any incision whatever. Most of the species are external feeders on the foliage of plants, but the species of two genera, Euura and P<>nt "The Final Molting of Tenthredinid Larva','' Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. n, p. 115. 2Seo "Hibernation of Nematids and its bearing on Inqnilinous Species/' Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. m, p. 263. 10 confusing assemblage of different species under the same name, and, worse than this, the bringing together of representatives of different genera under a. single species. This is well illustrated in the species cornigcr and subalbatus, under which names specimens were found grouped in the collections of the American Entomological Society which belong to at least four distinct genera. In cases like this it is sometimes difficult, particularly where the type specimens are lost, to decide to which genus the species bearing the original name should be assigned. The difficulties of the case have been greatly enhanced by the fact that Norton, who has described most of our species, allowed many of his types to be destroyed through his indifference in later life, after he had ceased studying the group, thus vitiating much of the excel- lent work of his earlier years. A box of his type specimens examined by me, which had recently been returned to the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, was so thoroughly disintegrated by vermin that scarcely a recognizable fragment remained. The very careful work done in the last few years by Fr. W. Konow, of Fuerstenberg, Germany, particularly in separating the old bulky genus Nematus into some nine genera, has made it possible to take up this group much more satisfactorily than heretofore, and in the prepa- ration of this paper Konow's system has been the basis of the classifi- cation adopted. Sources of material, — The proper placing in the new genera of the Species formerly included in Nematus, which in scarcely an instance can be gathered from the original descriptions, has necessitated the examination of all the old types of Norton, Cresson, and others, and these have been redescribed, whenever obtainable. The material in the genus Nematus in the collection of the Ainericaif Entomological Society, which includes all of Cresson's and Norton's types, so far as they have been preserved, has been very kindly placed at my disposal. I have also had the National collection at hand, and material from a number of private collections, the most important of which are the Nematines from Cornell University, kindly loaned by Professor Corn- stock, and the types of Messrs. Harrington, Dyar, Forbes, Ashmead, and McGillivray. The types of Provancher's two species were also very kindly obtained for me by Abbe Iluard. The types of Kirby's species and of a few others described abroad I have been unable to examine and refer generically, and the original descriptions of these, together with the descriptions of the lost types of Norton, are included in an appendix. Structure and terminology. — In recharacterizing the old species and working up the large amount of new material which has accumulated, parts hitherto rarely used have been referred to and terms repeat- edly employed throughout the descriptions which would be unfamiliar to most students. The following description of the salient characters used in the descriptions and the terminology will therefore be valuable. 11 The bead is convex in front and more or less concave posteriorly. It presents in the characters of the clypeus and of the occipital and frontal ridges, together with the antennre, very valuable characters for the separation of genera and species. The difficulty of examining the mandibles in dried specimens renders the use of these parts in descrip- tions inadvisable, and this holds true also of the maxilla? and labium. There is also usually a notable variation in structure between the right and left mandible. (See fig. 2.) The palpi of the maxilla? and labium, the former 6-jointed and the latter 4-jointed, are usually soft and lose shape more or less in drying, and are difficult to make out without softening and dissection. The clypeus, if emarginate at the apex, will present good differences in the nature of the emargination, whether A c- > Left mandible. (K) Maxilla: a. cardo; b, stipes; c, galea; d, lacinia; <\ palpus (original). 13 racie, but Burmeister and later authors have given good reasons for considering it to represent the dorsal are of the prothorax or the pro- notnm, and it is so designated in this paper. Belonging to the mesothorax are the tegulae, anterior and lateral lobes of the mesoscutuin, mesoscutelluin, and lnesopostseiltellum (for brevity the second and third divisions are referred to as the anterior and lateral lobes and the scutelluin). The mesopostscutellum is found to enter very deeply into the interior of the thorax, doubtless to fur- nish attachments for the powerful wing muscles (fig. 3, i), and forms an invagination which nearly cuts the body in half at this point. The division of the body at this point is analogous to the separation in TZ Fig. 3. — Thorax of Pachynematus erichsonii: I, dorsal view ; II. ventral; III, lateral; and IV, lateral with segments separated. Prothorax: a, episternum; b, sternum; c, coxa; d, prohotum. Hemothorax: e, anterior, ami/, lateral lobes of scutum; r/, scutelluni; h, postscutellum ; i, mesophragma -.j, epimeron; A-, posterior plate of epimeron (?) ; I, coxa. Metathorax : m, scutum; n, scutelluin; o, epimeron ; p, coxa; t, tegula (original). Coleoptera between the j)rotliorax and mesothorax, the last thoracic division in sawflies being intimately joined with the abdomen, as are the last two divisions in beetles. Belonging to the metathorax are the metascutum and nieta scutelluin. This last sclerite — the* metascutellum— is commonly designated in descriptions as the " basal plates,7' and these have always been mat- ters for dispute among entomologists. Of the Europeau writers, Andre, following Latreille and Audouin, considers them as constituting the dorsal arc of the first abdominal segment; Cameron, as representing a fourth thoracic segment (an impossibility from our accepted standard of the structure of insects), and West wood, on grounds which seem 14 entirely valid, shows that they really represent the terminal sclerite of the metathorax, namely, the inetascutellum. This is plainly apparent from an examination of the genus Cephus, where the parts are very plainly differentiated and their relationshix) easily deciphered. There is a suture or fold separating the narrow anterior margin of this sclerite, but the portion so separated is intimately joined to the posterior por- tion and need not be separately designated. This sclerite is strongly incised at the apex centrally and this incision is covered with a white membrane, which, in descriptions, is commonly referred to as the white blotch of the so-called basal abdominal segment. The universal occurrence of this white blotch and its slight variation, except in the case of the larger groups of genera, make it ordinarily of little value in descriptions of species. In the comparisons of older descriptions the white spot on the basal segment will be understood to mean this blotch, and in harmonizing these with the characterizations of species in the following pages it must also be remembered, in referring by num- ber to the segments of the abdomen, that the so-called iirst segment belongs to the thorax. The pair of white spots occurring on the upper edge of the meta- scutum, termed cenchri, also occur uniformly in all Tenthredinidae and present no important variation in genera, and although they have been referred to in most of the older descriptions, it has not been deemed necessary to mention them m the characterizations of the following pages. These spots, uniformly oval and whitish in color and bearing a hexagonal surface sculpturing, have not been understood so far as their function is concerned. I am inclined to believe them to be sound organs, and that by the rubbing of the base of the subcostal veins of the hind wings over them a vibration of the cenchral plate or of the plate and vein results, which produces sounds audible to the insect ear. The structure of the cenchri has been hitherto erroneously given ; they consist uniformly of projecting plates attached basally, which x>rotect or cover openings into the thorax. In the case of the Lydime, the plate projects or is distinctly raised above the general surface, so that the free edge is plainly noticeable. The idea has therefore been that in the Lydime the true cenchri are covered by an overhanging plate. In this subfamily, however, these plates are the cenchri, there being no membrane or structure beneath them; and in other subfami- lies the posterior free edge fits down more closely into the opening of the cavity, so that the fact that it has a free posterior and lateral margin may only be discovered by dissection. The lateral and ventral aspect of the thorax includes, for the pro- thorax, an episternum and a central sternal plate; for the mesothorax, an epimeron and an episternum, and other sclerites which are rudi- mentary or unimportant. The meso-epinieron is very large and repre- sents the bulk of the side and venter of the thorax. The divided sclerite immediately back of it, which supports on its upper extremity 15 the anterior wings, has by some authors been considered to represent the episternnm of the metathorax. As already indicated, it is inti- mately fused with the mesothorax, and its place here is still further shown by its relation to the anterior wings. The epimeron of the metathorax is comparatively small, and the episternnm is apparently wanting, unless the sclerite just above the metepimeron may be so considered. The leg includes a large coxal joint, 2-jointed trochanter, and the femur, tibia, and tarsus occurring in the order named. In two genera the legs are characteristically shaped — Croesus having the apex of the hind tibia' and the metatarsus broad and flattened, resembling the con- dition obtaining in social bees, and Holcocneme having these parts somewhat enlarged and the posterior tibiae distinctly grooved exteriorly. This last character is, however, present in other genera, though less distinctly. The tibial spurs, of which there are two at the apex of each tibia, do not vary sufficiently to be of much value in generic or specific descriptions. The forward one of the anterior pair of legs is much stronger than the others, and doubtless serves the role of an antennal scraper, as does the corresponding spur in other Ilymenoptera. The claws, while affording primarily generic characters, are of some value in the characterization of species. Three distinct tyx^es of claws are noted, viz, the first, in which the claw is more distinctly cleft, the two teeth, which have been termed rays throughout the de- scriptions, extending in a direction nearly parallel, the inner ray being commonly not much shorter than the outer (fig. 4, d, e, /); the second form of claw consists in the pro- jection of a minute tooth well within the apex of the claw and extending nearly at right angles to the claw (fig. 4, by c) ; and the third, a simple claw, without branch or tooth (fig. 4, a). The abdomen is ovate or elliptical, less , , . . T, ., ,., Fig. 4. — Typos of claws: a, Gymno- commonly elongate, as in huura, and usually nye1mScaUfornicxts; &, Pachynema- more or less depressed. It presents in the tus extmswomis; c, Lyjaoncmatus /* -i • i t • ,* j l -n i ! erichsonii; d, Amauronematus luteo- female nine dorsal arcs, it the small terminal tergum; 'e/Fteronus corneUi; f% sclerite attached to the large overlapping pt PachynemaAMaeriehaonii Lateral and ventral views: Segments nnm ization are the intercostal cross vein in its relation to the basal vein, and its angle with the costa; the second recurrent vein, as to Avhether interstitial with the second transverse cubital or received beyond or within the latter; and in the posterior wings, the relation of the outer veins of the discal cells. The shape of the cells of the anterior wings is of compara- tively little importance, with the exception of the third cubital, which accessory;/, axillary; g, inferior; h, radial; i, cubi- tal;,;', subdisra!. (Jross veins.— k, transverse costal; m. n. o, first to third transverse cubitals j j>, basal; g and r, first and second recurrcnts; .s- and t, lirst and second transverse medians. Cells. — 1, costal; 2, sub- costal; 3, median; 4, lam -relate : 5, anal; G, radial; 8-11, lirst to fourth cubitals ; 12-14, first to third diseals; 15, 16, first and second posteriors. (In tbe bind wing cells 8 and 13 are usually termed tbe discal cells). (Original.) 1 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., ill, pp. 78-82. 17 sometimes presents good specific characters in the matter of its length compared with its width, and of the length, respectively, of its basal and apical cross veins. In a few species the relative length of the discal cells of the hind wings is of importance. In general, however, the neuration of the wings of the Xematines (I refer here more particu- larly to the genera developed from the old genus Xematus) is strikingly uniform — so much so that repeatedly in the descriptions reference is made to what is termed normal venation. This venation will be under- stood by a reference to the figure which is drawn to represent such venation, and, briefly, consists in the intercostal cross nerve being inclined and about its own length anterior to the basal nerve ; the sec- ond recurrent being received well within the second cubital cell; the third cubital more than half as wide at base as at apex and about twice as long as wide at base; the upper discoidal cell of the hind wings exceeding the lower and about twice as long as wide. The stigma varies considerably in different genera, and also within the limits of species. This variation relates to its width compared to its length and the character of its apex, whether suddenly or rather obtusely pointed, or distinctly acuminate, and also in the character of its lower border, whether regularly circularly rounded or nearly straight or more or less angulated. The features of coloration, which have hitherto been used almost exclusively in the differentiation of species, are often constant and fur- nish reliable characters, but can not be implicitly relied upon. For the ready separation of species and for use in synoptic tables, color will always be more valuable than structural characters, especially to the beginner (see p. 23). The surface characters of the species, such as punctuation and hairy vestiture, are of both specific and generic value, but are less striking and significant in this subfamily than in most of the other divisions or in other families of Hymenoptera. Secondary sexual characters. — The correct association of the males and females, in the absence of breeding records, is a difficult matter, on account of the striking variation in the sexes in shape, structure of certain parts, and particularly in coloration. The most important sec- ondary sexual characters are : Color, the male being usually much darker than the other sex; form, the male in general being much more elongate; and shape of antennae, which in the male are commonly very much longer than in the female and frequently compressed basally. CLASSIFICATION. The following characteristics distinguish the Xematina? from allied groups: Antenme 9-jointed, usually elongate, slender, tapering, rarely with processes on basal joints, frequently more elongate in the males than in the females, and somewhat compressed; anterior wings with simple, seldom-divided radial cell, in which latter case the second cubital receives both recurrent veins; basal nervure converging with 13449— No. 3 2 18 the first recurrent nervure; liind wings always with two discal cells and with complete lanceolate cell. The following table of genera is based in part on the classification given by F. W. Konow,1 and it is hoped that it will facilitate the recog- nition of the new genera, most of which are represented among our North American species. The revision of genera with redescriptions of old species is limited to the genera formerly included in the genus Xcmatus. Of the other genera a list of the American species only is given, together with a few notes on synonymy. 1 A1U.E OF GENERA, Anterior wings with simple radial cell. Lanceolate cell widely contracted in the middle. Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent vein. Third to fifth, sometimes sixth and seventh, antennal joints of the male with a more or less prominent branch at tho tip; antenna- of the female somewhat compressed and a\ ith sharp projection at tip of basal joints I. Cladius Illig. Joints of antenme without projections at tip; third antennal joint curved at the base, in the male with a short, blunt fork beneath, and in the female with a sharp projection II. Trichiocampue Htg. Antenna' without peculiarities III. Priophorus Latr. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent reins. Claws bitid IV. Camponiscus Newm. Claws simple V. Anoplonyx gen. now2 Lanceolate cell petiolate. Third transverse cubital wanting VI. Euura Newm. Third transverse cubital present. Claws bifid, clypeus usually emarginate. Tip of the eighth dorsal segment of tho male with a small, blunt, more or less awl-shaped, projection; antenna: of female filiform, small species, 2 to 5 mm. long, stigma often having clear base, sheath often pointed at tip, gall inhabiters.. ATI. I'ontania Cost. Eighth dorsal segment of male broader, obtusely pointed, or not at all produced at tip; antenna' distinctly tapering toward tip; stigma not lighter at base; sheath not pointed at tip; body more robust. Last ventral segment of male obtusely triangularly produced at tip; sheath of female of the usual form; posterior tibke simple. Mesonotum and pleura1 shining; antenna> long and slender, usually lighter colored beneath; head, viewed from the front, almost round; labium but slightly projecting; sheaths usually narrow and delicate. . VIII. Pleronus Jur. 1 Deutsche entomologische Zeitsehrift for 1890, pp. 225-255. 2Ano})lonyxgei\. now (av, without; oTtX or, weapon; ovvq. claw) is separated from Camponiscus Newm. (of which Leptopus Hartig is a synonym) by the very important character of a simple claw without branch or inner tooth. The typo of both New- man's and Hartig's genus is Camjioniscus hiridiventris Fall., in which the claws are deeply notched, the rays being subequal. Anoplonyx will include Camponiscus pec- toralis Lep., C. bicolor Lep., and C. ovatus Zadd. The other two species of this genus, C. auritce Z. & B., and C. carinthiacus Z. & B., I have not had an opportunity to examine; they may belong with C. luridiventris or possibly come in the new genus. 19 Mesonotuni and pleurae opaque, with very dense and fine punctures ; antenna; short, tapering decidedly toward tip ; head more or less triangular and with long, projecting labium ; stigma narrow, tapering posteriorly, lengthened ; sheath rather thick and stout. IX. Amauronematus Knw. Last ventral segment of male excavated at tip, not obtusely triangularly produced; sheath of female very broad or the posterior tibise and tarsi thickened. Posterior tibia* and tarsi very broad and flattened. X. Croesus Leach. Posterior tibia' and tarsi not flattened. Posterior tibiae and tarsi thickened, tibiae externally with longitudinal furrow XI. llolcocneme Knw. Posterior tibia' and tarsi simple; sheath very thick and stout XII. Nematus Jur. Claws with short tooth within tip, tooth projecting nearly at right angle. Clypeus emarginate. A^ertex with distinct pentagonal area. XIII. P achy nematus Knw. Vertex without pentagonal area. XIV. Micronematm Knw. Clypeus truncate. Pentagonal area more or less distinct ; eighth dorsal segment carinated, subproduced : sheath simple ; elongate species. XV. Li/gao nematus Knw. Pentagonal area wanting; sheath with distinct scopa; first transverse cubital frequently wanting ; short, ovate species XVI. Pristiphora Latr. Claws simple, without branch or tooth. XVII. Gymnoni/chns gen. nov.1 Anterior wings with divided radial cell. Lanceolate cell petiolate XVIII. Dineura Dahl. Lanceolate cell contracted XIX. Hemichroa Steph. I. Genus CLADIUS Illiger. Cladiu8 111. Fauna Etrusca, 2d ed., p. 27, 1807. Cladius pectinicornis Fourcroy. Entom. Paris., II, p. 371, 1785. Cladius isomera Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vm, p. 223, 1861. Tbe only representative of this genus in this country is the well- known enemy of the cultivated rose, described as new by Norton under the name C. isomera. An examination some years since of Norton's species in comparison with the European G. pectinicornis indi- cated at once the identity of the two. The common European enemy of the rose had evidently been early imported with rose plants into New England, and the attention of Harris and Norton was drawn to it at a time when comparisons were out of the question, and it was very naturally described as a new species. For a full account of its habits, with figures, see Insect Life, vol. V, p. 6. 1 From yvj.iv 6$, naked, and ovv£, claw. 20 II. Genus TRICHIOCAMPU£ Hartig. Tnehiooampus Htg., Fam. Blattw. u. Hol/.w ., p. 17G. 1n:>7. Sl'ECIES. gregarius Dyar. Can. Ent., xxvn, p. 191, $ , 1895. vim'uuiUs Fallen. Svensk. Yet.-Akad. Handl., xxix, p. 117, 1808. Aithicomcru-s luteaceus Liutiier. ltli Rept. X. Y. State En torn., pp. 94-9G, 1888. III. Genus PRIOPHORUS Dahlbom. Priaphoriu Dahl. Conspect. TcntL. Scand., p. 1. L835. species. cequalis Norton. Trans, Am. lint. Soc., in, p. 78, I, 1*71'. rimpUcioomia Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, n, p. 3G7, $ , 1869. eolitaria Dyar. Can. Ent., xxvu. p. 192, 9. 1895. IV. Genus CAMPONISCUS Newman. CamponUcui Newm. Entomologist, i\'. ]». 215, 1869. No American species. \ . Genus ANOPLONYX Gen. Nov. No American Bpecies. VI. Genus EUURA Newman.1 Euuta Ni'wni. Entom. Mag., IV, p. 259, 183/. BPECIES. albiricia Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 1, 9, 1880. mexioana Cameron. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., 1884, p. 482, 9. nigra Provancher. Addit. Fann. Can. Hymen., p. 346, 9, 1888. orbitalitt Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., I, p. 144, 9, $, 1862. salicicola Smith. N. A. Entom., i, p. 41, 1879. saUrbits black, or rarely slightly reddish brown. Venter of abdomen black 21. atriventria n. sp. Venter of abdomen pale 22. calif ornica n. sp. Orbits broadly yellow. Stigma and costa brown 23. gracilis n. sp. Stigma and costa hyaline 24. stigmatalis n. sp. 25 Dorsum of thorax and abdomen marked with yellow. Orbits, scutellum, and lobes of thorax more or less yellow; robust species 25. dcsmodioides Walsh. Same, with yellow transverse bands on abdomen, and venter altogether yellow 26. sulphured n. sp. Males. Antenna? as long as or longer than the body of the insect. Claws very minutely divided 5. agilis Cr. Claws coarsely notched 7. nevadensis Cr. Antennae not often exceeding one- half the body in length. Black species. Orbits black, rarely slightly rufous posteriorly. Pronotum black ; stigma short, robust 22. calif ornica n. sp. Pronotum black; stigma elongate, narrow 13. lincaidi n. sp. Pronotum with pale margins. Lateral walls of ocellar basin rounded or subobsolete. Third and fourth joints of antenna' of equal length. Hind femora pale 9. resinicola n . sp. Hind femora more or less dark 2. parva Cr. Third j oint longest 27. rugulosa n. sp. Lateral walls of ocellar basin sharply defined 8. excavata n. sp. Orbits yellow; body black dorsally. Venter of abdomen, except centrally, black; vertex hairless, shining. 14. pisum Walsh. Venter with vertex clothed with yellowish hairs. 25. dcsmodioides Walsh. Venter of abdomen altogether pale. Epimcra black. Outer angles of pronotum pale 17. pomum Walsh. Pronotum altogether pale 4. pallicomis Nort. Epimera pale. Body robust ; stigma pale 12. robusia n. sp. Body elongate; stigma brown. Claws very minutely cleft at extreme tip. 28. placenta Nort. Claws coarsely notched 29. pallifrons Cr. Resinous; vortex, mesonotum, metanotum, and basal abdominal segments cen- trally black , 26. sulphurea n. sp. Table of galls. Galls springing from lower side of leaf. Conical or pear shaped 30. pyriformis n. sp. Globular, attached minutely 14. pisum Walsh. Globular, broadly attached. Singly on either side of midrib 17. pomum Walsh. In rows on or near midrib , 31. monile n. sp. Galls bisecting leaf. Singly, or rarely more than two on leaf. Usually remote from petiole; averaging three-eighths inch long; on Salix longifolia 15. bruneri n. sp. Near or joining petiole; averaging one-half inch long. Approaching shape of seed of Desmodium : ,On Salix calif ornica ? 22. calif ornica n. sp. On Salix humilis ? 25. dcsmodioides Walsh . On Salix sp 2. parva Cr. More robust, approaching globular 23. gracilis n. sp. LIBRARY 26 Many together on leaf. Paired at base of blade of leaf; extending from middle to edge. 9. rcsinicola n. sp. Distributed irregularly along blade on either side of midrib, rarely on edge of leaf 19. hyalina Nort. INDEX TO SPECIES OF PONTANIA. acuminata n. sp. 9 11 agilis Cr. $ 9 5 atra n. sp. 9 18 atriventris n. sp. 9 21 bruneri n. sp. 9 15 californiea n. sp. $ 9 22 cressoni n. sp. 9 1 desmodioides Walsh ^9 25 excavata n. sp. $ 9 8 gracilis n. sp. 9 23 hyalina Norton 9 19 kincaidi n. sp. 9 13 mellina Cr. 9 6 monilo n. sp. (gall) 31 nevadensis Cr. ^9 7 nigrita n. sp. 9 3 pacilica n. sp. 9 10 pallicornis Norton ^9 4 pallifrons Cr. $ 29 parva Cr. $ 9 2 pectoralis n. sp. 9 10 pisnm Walsh $ 9 14 placenta Norton $ 28 pomum Walsh $ 9 17 pyriformis n. sp. (gall) 30 rcsinicola n. sp. $ 9 9 robusta n. sp. $ 9 12 rugulosa n. sp. $ 27 stigmatalis n. sp. 9 21 sulphurea n. sp. $ 9 26 truncata n. sp. 9 20 1. Pontania cressoni new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm. ; not very robust; clypeus deeply emarginate; lobes small, pointed; ocellar basin distinctly defined, breaking rather broadly into prominent antennal fovea; antennae normal, third joint a little longer than fourth; sheath acuminate, emarginate beneath; claws deeply cleft; venation normal, except that outer veins of discal cells of posterior wings are interstitial. Color black, shining, including pronotum, orbits, and femora; teguhc, mouth parts, tibiae and tarsi pale, more or less infuscated, especially at tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi ; wings nearly hyaline; stigma and costa brown, the former hyaline at base. One female, Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 2. Pontania parva Cresson. 1880. Nemattu parvus Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vm, p. 5. Female. — Length 3.5 to 4 mm.; not robust; clypeus shallowly and broadly exavated ; lobes short, minute; mouth parts with very long and 'rather numerous light hairs; lateral furrows of vertex very broad and deep ; ocellar basin distinctly defined ; frontal crest indistinct, broken by the broad, oval, deeply excavated antennal fovea; antennae very slender, joints 4 and 5 as long as or longer than 3; sheath strongly acuminate at tip, circularly emarginate beneath, rounded above; cerci tapering; claws small, deeply and finely notched, rays almost parallel; venation normal. Color black, shining; mouth parts, spot beneath antenna1, outer third of pronotum, tegulae, apices of coxae, trochanters, and legs for the most part yellowish ; upper and lower margins of femora, tips of tibiae, particularly 27 posterior pair, and tips of tarsi, including all of posterior pair, reddish brown; all of legs somewhat infuscated; veins brown; basal half of stigma and extreme base of costa pale; in some specimens the legs beyond the trochanters are altogether light, except posterior tibia3 and tarsi. Male. — Length 3.5 mm. ; agrees with the female in general structure and colorational characters; lateral walls of ocellar basin more flattened and rounded; the stigma uniformly brownish; the antennae distinctly fulvous beneath. Gall. — Length 8 mm.; breadth G mm. Of type of desmodioides, but rather smaller and projecting most on lower surface of leaf. In the specimen examined, two occur on the leaf, one on either side of the midrib, and each extends from the latter to the margin of the leaf. Sur- face, especially lower, tuberculate and rosy. Exit hole of adult on lower side, just at surface of leaf and at end next to petiole. Ten females. — Nevada 4, California 3, Oregon 2, and Arizona and Montana 1 each. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Also one specimen collected by T. Kincaid at Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell TJniv.) One male from California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Galls on willow leaf collected by Mr. Ehrhorn, Mountain View, Cal. Two adults reared^ which, with galls, are in collection of William H. Ashmead. 3. Pontania nigrita new species. Female. — Length 4 mm. ; clypeus circularly excavated ; lobes rounded; mouth parts with rather long, whitish hairs; walls of ocellar basin dis- tinctly defined; frontal crest somewhat broken by the very elongate, distinctly limited antennal fovea; antenna} with joints 3 to 5 sub- equal; sheath broad, strongly acuminate at tip; cerci robust, tapering; claws deeply notched, rays nearly equal; third cubital cell quadrate, not longer than wide; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial. Color black, shining; face below antennae, posterior and upper orbits, most of pronotum, tegulae, all of legs except extreme bases of posterior coxae and extreme bases of posterior tibiae whitish or resinous; tips of posterior tarsi and tips of cerci dusky; bases of all wing veins reaching the body and extreme base of stigma light; balance of veins brown. One female. Michigan. (Coll. IJ. S. Nat. Mus.) 4. Pontania pallicornis Norton. 1861. Nematus pallicornis Norton. Boston Proc, vm, p. 160. 1867. Nematus pallicornis Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i, p. 203 (Cat., etc., p. 65). Female. — Length 5 mm.; somewhat robust; clypeus circular and mod- erately broadly notched, lobes small; mouth parts with scattering whit- ish hairs; vertex roughened; ocellar basin distinctly defined ; frontal crest strongly developed, very slightly broken by the antennal fovea, 28 which is oval and not deeply excavated; antennae short, scarcely tapering; sheath rather broad, acuminate, but not very sharply pointed, hairs rather long and abundant; cerci pointed; claws very large, deeply cleft; venation about normal; intercostal vein nearly at right angles with costa, and outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial, or nearly so. Color black, shining; face below antenna', orbits, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, and legs, except extreme bases of coxre, yellowish ferruginous; antennae ferruginous beneath, especially toward apex; veins light brown; base of stigma and base of costa pale; abdomen inclined to rufous beneath. Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; antennae much longer and antennal fovea somewhat narrower than in female; tip of abdomen strongly recurved; color as in female, except that bases of posterior coxa' only are black, and the abdomen ventrally with more or less of the apex of the last dorsal segment is yellowish ferruginous. The antenna' also are almost altogether yellowish, except scape and basal joints of the llagellum above. Five females and live males. Illinois, Texas, and New TTampshire. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) 5. Pontania agilis Oesson. 1880. Nematus agilu Cfresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vin, p. 9. Female. — Length 5 mm.; very robust; clypeus broadly and shallowly excavated; lobes minute, rounded; vertex elevated, but with ocellar basin not very distinctly limited; ridges rounded; frontal crest not dis- tinctly raised; antennal fovea circular, shallow; claws very minutely and microscopically cleft at extreme apex; sheath strongly acuminate, broad basally; cerci tapering; venation normal. Color yellowish ferru- ginous, resinous, shining; antennae, spot including ocelli, small circu- lar spot on occiput, stripe on each of the lobes of mesothorax, base of scutellum, metathorax, more or less of first segment of abdomen, black; veins yellowish brown; stigma and costa yellow, the former edged with brown at tip. Male. — Length 1 to 4.5 mm.; very slender, graceful; head and mouth parts about as in female; antenna' very long, slender, longer than entire body; claws cleft as in female. Color : Large spot on vertex, extending considerably beyond ocelli and backward over occiput, mesothorax, metathorax, abdomen, dorsally except sides of the terminal segments, scape and nagelluin above, black; balance of insect, including venter, legs, lower surface of antennae, except extreme tip, yellowish ferrugi- nous; veins brown; stigma yellow, edged with brown. One female and five males. Nevada and Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 29 G. Pontania mellina Cressou. 1880. Nematus melliniis Cressou. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vm, p. 10. Female. — Length 5.5 min.; very robust, shining; clypeus distinctly but rather broadly emarginate; lobes short, broad, rounded; ocellar basin deeply excavated; sides and frontal crest strongly raised, but rather thick and rounded, the former somewhat broken 5 antennal fovea deep, not sharply defined; antennae scarcely longer than head and thorax, slender, joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation in general normal; intercostal very near basal; the outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial ; stigma not very broad, tapering from oval base circularly to apex; sheath sharply acuminate, fringed with rather long hairs; cerci long, scarcely tapering; claws very minutely notched at extreme apex. Color yellowish, tinged with ferruginous, a little darker around vertex, mesonotum, and mesepimera; antenna1, small spot about ocelli, sometimes limited to ring about each ocellus, minute spot on occiput, spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, on either side of mesoscutellum, apex of latter, and most of metauotum except basal plates black; dorsal margin and tip of sheath brownish; veins yellowish brown; stigma and costa yellow, unicolorous. Two females. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species, though somewhat larger, is very closely allied to agilis Cresson. 7. Pontania nevadensis Cresson. 1880. Nematus nevadensis Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vni, p. 9. Female. — Length 4.5 to 5 mm.; very robust, shining; vertex slightly roughened; clypeus broadly, shallowly excavated; hairs of clypeus and labrum almost wanting; sides of ocellar basin very sharply raised; frontal crest large, distinct, unbroken; antennal fovea circular, rather deeply excavated; antennae short, not as long as head and thorax, joint 3 very slightly longer than 4 and 5; sheath broad basally, strongly acuminate; cerci moderate, tapering; claws very large, deeply cleft. Color sulphur yellow; antennae, quadrate spot on vertex, extending back over occiput with lines running to base of antenna1, mesonotum, metanotum, and stripe on basal segments of the abdomen becoming obsolete after the fourth or fifth segment black; spot beneath base of wings and upper margin and apex of sheath brownish black; antennae inclined to fulvous beneath toward tips; veins yellowish brown; stigma lighter, except lower apical margin; costa lighter at base. Male. — Length 4.5 mm. ; very slender, graceful; antennae, nearly as long as entire body, joints 3 to 5 subequal, fourth a little longer than third; procidentia projecting about half its length; legs long; claws not very large, but deeply cleft. Color resinous yellow, inclined to ferruginous on the thorax beneath ; antennae above at base and scape, 30 large spot on vertex extending over occiput, mesonotuin, metanotum, broad stripe on each dorsal segment of abdomen, not extending to lateral or posterior margin, black, inclining to brown on abdomen; veins light yellowish brown ; stigma almost hyaline. Three females and three males. Nevada, California, Montana, and Vancouver Island. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) The male from Montana was placed by Cresson with his types of agilis, from which it is easily separated by the character of the claws, and from general structural characters may be safely referred to nevadensis. 8. Pontania excavata new species. Female. — Length 4 mm.; moderately slender, glistening; clypeus nar- rowly and rather deeply incised; lobes rounded; mouth parts with rather long hairs; walls about ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest widely broken by the extension of the shallow antennal fovea posteriorly into ocellar basin; antennae short, joints 3 to 5 subequal, third slightly longest; sheath rather robust, strongly convex on upper margin and distinctly excavated on lower, acuminate but not sharply pointed, hairs long, scattering; claws deeply divided, rays equal and scarcely divaricating; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal, very slightly inclined; second recurrent interstitial with second transverse cubital. Color black; mouth parts, extreme angles of pronotum, tcgulae, tips of coxa', and balance of legs for the most part resinous; upper and lower edges of femora, tips of posterior tibia', and tips of tarsi, extending on the posterior pair to the tip of the basal joint, brownish; antennae somewhat lighter beneath, especially toward tip; veins yel- lowish brown; stigma at base and costa at base and apex hyaline. 3hde. — Agrees in general with the female; ocellar basin even more sharply defined and the frontal crest unbroken; venation normal. Color as in female, except that the legs are lighter and the central por- tion of the abdomen beneath is inclined to yellowish; antenme distinctly fulvous beneath; joints long, nodose at tips. Four females and one male. California, Colorado (C. P. Gillette), and Yeta Pass, Colo. (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soc.) 0. Pontania resinicola new species. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather robust; clypeus deeply, angularly emarginate; lobes triangular, rounded at tips; mouth parts with very few and inconspicuous hairs, shining; frontal crest very broadly and bulbously elevated, semicircular, shallowly notched at center; ocellar basin not distinctly limited laterally, or lateral walls wanting; antennal fovea elongate; antennae short, filiform, third joint longest; claws deeply bifid, rays nearly parallel; sheath moderately broad, very slightly sinuate on lower margin, tapering regularly to apex, armed 31 with rather long, curved hairs; cerci long, slightly tapering; upper discal cell of hind wings usually much shorter than lower and termi- nating within apex of latter. Color resinous yellow; quadrate spot on vertex, broad stripe on dorsum of thorax extending to scutellum, metanotum and more or less of basal segments of abdomen centrally decreasing posteriorly, and upper margin of sheath brownish-black; scape and upper half of antenna, tips of mandibles, and balance of sheath fuscous; veins brown, costa and stigma centrally yellow. Male. — Length 4 mm. ; rather slender, tapering distinctly from head and thorax to tip of abdomen; structurally, as in the female, with the lateral walls of the ocellar basin perhaps even less apparent — practi- cally obsolete. Color black, shining, including orbits; mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, and legs brownish yellow; tips of posterior tibiae and tarsi somewhat infuscated; antenna beneath fulvous; veins, including all of stigma and costa, rather dark brown; wings hyaline. Gall. — (Frontispiece, fig. 1.) On leaves of Salix califomica collected by Albert Koebele at Donner, Placer County, Cal., September 5, 1885. The galls occur in clusters of two to eight on the basal portion of the leaf, beginning usually at the very apex of the petiole. They are commonly paired — if but two, one on either side, or two or four on a side, as the case may be — occasionally occurring singly. In general size and appearance the individual galls resemble those of desmodioides, but are rather more robust or globular, projecting equally on both sides of the leaf and occupying the leaf entirely from the midrib to the edge. Where two or more occur together, they are merged into each other, forming a com- pound gall. In color they are red or pink on the upper side and light yellowish green on the lower. The larva is large and rather robust, indicating a fairly good-sized insect. I have doubtfully referred the gall to Pontania resinicola, the largest Californian representative of the genus, although the galls from which the adults were reared by Mr. Koebele were not saved by him and the ones sent to Washington yielded only an ichneuinonid parasite (Bassus euurce Ashm., Ins. Life, vol. in, p. 4G0) and a tortricid. Two females and seven males. Albert Koebele, Los Angeles, Cal. (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.) 10. Pontania pectoralis new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; clypeus very broadly and shallowly emarginate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin sharply and distinctly defined, former unbroken; antennal fovea broad oval; fourth joint of antemne a little longer than third; claws deeply notched, rays nearly equal; sheath of ovipositor stout and broad basally, slightly emarginate on lower apical edge, tip obtusely rounded; cerci short, tapering; third cubital three times as long as wide at base; outer veins of discal cells of posterior wings nearly interstitial; stigma very broad basally, regularly tapering to pointed apex. Color 32 in general resinous; base of antenna1, space about ocelli, stripe on each lobe of mesonotum, apex ot scutelluin, metanotum, dorsal segments of abdomen, except last, extending over sides to ventral arc, large spot on pectus, and sheath, especially dorsally, brownish black; outer two- thirds of antennae reddish brown; tips of posterior tibiae and all the tarsi, slightly darker; wings hyaline; veins light yellowish brown; base of stigma hyaline. One female. Algonquin, 111. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 11. Pontania acuminata new species. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather robust; abdomen strongly taper- ing from just beyond middle; clypeus rather shallowly, somewhat angularly, notched; vertex coarsely punctured and roughened; frontal crest prominent, broadly curved, almost straight; sides of ocellar basin low, but well defined; antenna! fovea shallow, indistinct, expanding apical ly; antennal joints, 3 and 4 subequal; intercostal vein at right angles with costa; stigma very elongate, narrow, dis- tinctly acuminate; sheath broad, slightly concave on upper margin, and decidedly produced at tip, which is obtusely pointed, and with rather dense tuft of hairs; cerci robust, but slightly tapering; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color: Antennae, spot on head back of ocelli and extending over occiput, center of lobes of mesonotum, apical halt of scutelluin, metanotum and basal plates, more or less of abdo- men basally and centrally to apex, sheath, and sides of the metatho- ra.x black: mesepimera reddish brown; posterior tibiae and tarsi strongly infuscated, anterior tarsi less so; body generally otherwise reddish ferruginous, somewhat infuscated; mouth parts, angles of pro- notum, tegulae and anterior legs and base of all legs, yellowish; veins, including stigma and costa nearly to base, dark brown. One female. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat, Mus.) 12. Pontania robusta new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm. ; very robust ; clypeus not very deeply emar- ginate, lobes broad, rounded; ocellar basin with not very distinct lat- eral walls, Inxmdly uniting with very large, shallow antennal fovea, the two depressions appearing almost as one; antennae short, joint 4 a little longer than 3; sheath short, broad, rounded at tip, emarginate beneath; venation normal, except that outer veins of posterior discal cells are interstitial; claws rather deeply cleft, rays parallel. Color in general resinous yellow, shining; antennae above, quadrate spot on vertex, including ocelli and extending over occiput, quadrate spot on the center of mesonotum, line down center and the tip of the scutellum, together with the dorsum of the abdomen, except lateral margins, brownish black; antennae fulvous beneath; mouth parts whitish, with the tips of the mandibles reddish brown; wings hyaline; veins brown, 33 costa and stigma very light, almost hyaline, the latter with narrow brown bordering line. Male. — As in female, except that the occiput is infuscated and the mesothorax is entirely black. One female and one male. Michigan and District of Columbia (?). (Coll. U. S. Xat. Mus.) 13. Pontania kincaidi new species. Female.— Length G mm.; rather robust, shining; clypens very broadly but not deeply einarginate; ocellar basin with distinctly defined wails; Fin. 7. — Pontania pisum Walsh: a and b. gall; c. larva: d, same, in contracted dormant state in cocoon ; e, cocoons in barks . /, pupa ; g, adult female ; h, lateral view of tip of abdomen of same ; a, b, and e, natural size; rest enlarged (original). crest very prominent, curved forward, unbroken ; antennalfovea extend- ing laterally over base of antenna?; antenna' short, joints regularly diminishing in length from third to tip; venation normal; stigma nar- row, elongate, acuminate; sheath, scarcely tapering, rounded at tip; claws deeply and coarsely notched. Color black, shining; clypeus and mouth parts, extreme angles of pronotum, tegnlse and legs yellowish ferruginous, decidedly infuscated; wings hyaline or very slightly clouded; veins dark brown; stigma a little lighter toward base. Four females. Trevor Kincaid, Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 13449— No. 3 3 34 14. Pontania pisum Walsh (fig. 7.) I860. Xematus salicis pisum Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 259. 1866. Nematus quercicola (Walsh) Cresson. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., VI, p. 260. 1867. Xematus salicis pisum Norton. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, I, p. 204. (Cat., etc., p. 66.) 1880. Xematus salicis pisum Thomas. 10th Rep. State Ent. 111., p. 68. 1895. Xematus pisum Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., in, p. 264. 1895. Xematus quercicola (Walsh) Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., m, p. 266. Female. — Length 4 mm.; slender, head wider than thorax; abdomen spindle shaped; elypens rather deeply and angularly notched, lobes triangular; ocellar basin distinctly limited, lateral ridges not very sharply raised; frontal crest prominent, slightly notched at center; antenna! fovea shallow, elongate; antennae short, moderately robust, joints 3 to 5 subequal; sheath broad, very slightly emarginate beneath, rounded above, apex rounded; cerci rather long, tapering; claws deeply notched, rays subequal; third cubital cell quadrate; upper discal cell not exceeding lower. Color: Antennae, spot on vertex extending more or less over occiput, thorax, most of abdomen, includ- ing sheath, black; orbits and face below and including frontal crest, most of prouotum, tegulae, legs except extreme base of posterior coxae, more or less of central portion of venter of abdomen, including all terminal segments and the terminal dorsal segment with cerci, yellow- ish ferruginous; tips of posterior tibiae and tarsi infuscated; antennae very slightly paler beneath and toward tips; veins and stigma brown; costa lighter at base. Male. — Length 3.5 mm.; very slender and graceful; antennae longer than in female and more robust; joints 3 to 5 subequal. Color black; face below frontal crest, orbits, angles of prouotum, tegulae, legs except bases of posterior cox;e, central portion of abdomen beneath, and hypo- pygium yellow; veins as in female; antennae fulvous beneath and also entirely ;it apex. "Gall. — The gall made by it is found on Salix discolor. A suhspherical, pea-like, hollow, pale yellowish-green gall, always growing on the underside of the leaf and almost always from one of the side veins (in one case from tho inidrih), and attached to the leaf by only a minute portion of its surface; 0.18 to 0.28 inch in diameter, and a few, immature, only 0.08 inch in diameter. Almost invariably there is hut one gall to the leaf, hut on four leaves there were two, and occasionally two are confluent. Surface in some smooth and even, without pubescence; in others a little shriveled, generally studded in the medium-sized ones with four to twelve small, robustly con- ical nipples, w hich in the larger ones have burst into a scabrous blown scar. Only in three out of sixty-two was there any rosy cheek, as in 8. pomum. The point of attachment is marked on the upper side of the leaf by a brown subhemispherical depression. "Larva. — August 25. Apparently 18-footed, no anal prolegs being visible. When at rest, it elevated its entire abdomen behind the true legs in the air. Length 0.17 to 0.23 inch; color whitish hyaline; head slightly dusky ; mouth dusky; eye-spots circular and black; anal segment equal in length to two of the others and apparently divided in two by a transverse medial suture. The larva goes under ground to trans- form, for out of fifty galls all but three were bored, and in those, when opened, larvae which had perished when immature were found." — Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., VI, p. 259. 35 Four females and five males. Illinois and New York. (Colls. Am. Ent, Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) Galls : KicMeld Springs, N. Y., Th. Pergande, collector, September 22, 1886 ; adults (males) issued January 27 to February 5, 1887. East Steamburg, N. Y., E. L. Horton, collector, September 25, 1894; adult issued March 28, 1895. 15. Pontania bruneri new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm.; moderately robust; abdomen much broader than thorax; clypeus distinctly but broadly emarginate, lobes small; lateral walls of ocellar basin rounded, indistinct; frontal crest very slightly broken, prominent; third and fourth joints of antennae sub- equal; sheath broad, scarcely tapering, somewhat obliquely rounded at tip; second recurrent interstitial with second cubital; third cubital indistinct; upper discal of posterior wiugs considerably shorter than lower. Color black, shining; mouth parts, posterior orbits, angles of pronotuin, teguhe, legs except bases of coxa*, brownish yellow; veins light brown; stigma and costa yellowish, the former nearly hya- line basally. The abdomen in one specimen is yellowish beneath at apex. Gall. — (Frontispiece, fig. 7.) Galls occurring singly on the edges of the leaves of Salix longifolia, having the form and general characteristics of the gall of P. desmodioidts. Length from 7 to 10 mm.; smooth, fleshy gall, extending from the midrib considerably beyond the narrow, linear leaf, with a prominent and distinct suture indicating what was the edge of the leaf; in color yellowish, inclined to reddish. Three females, reared from galls collected by Lawrence Bruner on Robinson's ranch, Wyoming, September 15, 1881. The galls at this time were mostly abandoned, only six of them still containing larva?. Adults issued between February 18 and March 3, 1882. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 10. Pontania pacifica new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; clypeus broadly, circularly emarginate, lobes medium; frontal crest very strongly developed, broken; lateral walls of ocellar basin subobsolete; antenna? with joint 3 very little longer than 4; sheath broad, not tapering, broadly rounded at tip; claws deeply cleft; venation normal, except that the upper discal does not exceed the lower. Color in general resinous; antenna?, large spot on vertex, including ocelli, occiput, mesonotum except scutellum, metanotum and the basal segment of abdomen, lower half of mesepimera, and sheath brownish black ; veins dark brown ; stigma somewhat lighter basally; wings very slightly infuscated. One female. Southern California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 36 17. Pontania pomum Walsh. 1866. Nematus salicis pomum Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., VI, p. 255. 1866. Nematus hospes Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., vi, p. 261. 1867. Xematus salicis pomum Norton. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, i, p. 216. (Cat., etc., p. 78.) 1867. Xematus hospes Norton. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, I, p. 218. (Cat., etc., p. 80.) 1869. Xematus salicis jfomum Walsh and Riley. Am. Ent., n, p. 45. 1877. Xematus salicis pomum Riley. 9th Rept. Ins. Mo., p. 20. 1881. Xematus salicis 2>omum Thomas. 10th Ent. Rept. 111., p. 68. 1882. Xematus salicis jmmum Provancher. Nat. Can., xin, p. 292. 1883. Xematus salicis pomum Provancher. Nat. Can. Hyni., p. 711. 1895. Pontania hospes Marlatt. Proc Ent. Soc Wash., in, p. 266. Female. — Length 5 to 5.5 mm.; very robust, shining; clypeus rather deeply, but angularly emarginate, lobes triangular, rounded; ridges of vertex about ocellar basin rounded, subobsolete; frontal crest broad, rounded, slightly notched; antennal fovea very shallow, elongate; antenna' short, not longer than head and thorax, joint 3 a little longer than 4 or 5; sheath very broad and robust, scarcely tapering, rounded at tip; cerci rather long, tapering; claws not very deeply cleft, inner ray much shorter than outer; venation normal, except that outer veins of the discal cells of hind wings are usually interstitial. Color yellow- ish ferruginous; antennae, quadrate spot inclosing ocelli, with branches running to base of antennae, stripe on center of mesonotum extending to mesoscutelluin, spot on either side of scutellum and thorax posterior to same, with basal plates and narrow basal margin of the dorsal seg- ments becoming indistinct toward tip of abdomen, and sheath brownish black; antenna' indistinctly rufous beneath toward tips; posterior tarsi slightly infuscated at tips; veins brown; stigma and costa more inclined to yellowish, former not especially lighter at base; black stripe on mesonotum is sometimes interrivpted or occasionally almost wanting. Male. — Length 4 mm.; more slender and elongate than female; struc- turally as in female, except that the antenna' are longer; joints 3 to 5 subequal. Color brownish black, shining; head and thorax opaque from rather coarse puncturing; face below base of antenna', orbits, angles of pronotum, teguhe, legs except bases of coxa?, and abdomen beneath yellowish ferruginous: tips of anterior tarsi and all posterior tarsi fuscous; antenme rufous beneath, especially toward tips; wings as in female, but slightly darker. Call. — (Frontispiece, fig. 4.) The gall ,9. pomum found on Salix cordataand very rarely on 8. discolor. A smooth, lleshy, sessile, globular, or slightly oval monothalamous gall, like a miniature apple, 0.30 to 0.55 inch diameter, growing on one side of the midrib of a leaf, and extending to its edge or beyond it. The principal part of the gall projects from the under side of the leaf; very rarely it is bisected by the leaf. Color greenish yellow, sometimes with a rosy cheek, especially the upper surface, and often with little dots. Fully mature July 31. An analogous gall is formed in Europe ou various willows by Xematus (jallicola Westw. Larva. — May 24 it is only about 0.10 inch long; June 11 it is white, 0.10 to 0.13 inch long; July 24, 0.15 inch long; July 30, 0.15 to 0.20 inch long, pale greenish white, head pale brown. Legs freely movable. There was no earth in the jar in which the galls were placed, and most of the cocoons were spun in the galls and a few between them. — Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., VI, p. 255. 37 Six females and five males. Illinois. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Also two females (Cornell University), labeled as having been reared from gall of Cecidomyia strobiloides. 18. Pontania atra new species. Female. — Length 4 mm.; slender, elongate; clypens nearly truncate ; ridges about anterior ocellus rounded or subobsolete; fovea very shal- low, indistinct; antennae slender, fourth joint distinctly longer than third; sheath slender, tapering, rounded at tip; claws with inner ray considerably shorter than outer, not very deeply notched ; stigma narrow, elongate. Color shining black, including mouth parts, pronotum, and tegula?. Trochanters, apical half of femora, tibia?, and tarsi inclined to pallid, but strongly infuscated. Veins, including stigma, very dark brown. One female. Michigan, April 21. G. C. Davis, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 19. Pontania hyalina Norton. 1864. Messa hyalina Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., in, p. 8. 1867. Messa hyalina Xorton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 222. (Cat., etc., p. 84.) Female. — Length 4 mm.: moderately robust, shining; clypeus very shallowly, if at all, excavated, almost truncate; vertex nearly smooth; ridges indistinct, rounded; antennal fovea very large and deep, nearly circular; antenna? somewhat longer than head and thorax, slender, scarcely tapering, third joint very much longer than fourth, third to fifth joints nodose at apex; sheath very elongate, narrow, tapering reg- ularly to tip, more than half as long as abdomen; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings and usually sec- ond recurrent and second transverse cubital interstitial; third cubital cell quadrate. Color black; tips of clypeus, labrum, mouth parts, extreme angles of pronotum, tegulae, legs except extreme bases of coxa1, yellow; tips of posterior tibia?, their tarsi, and the cerci dusky; upper and lower edges of femora sometimes infuscated; veins yellowish brown ; basal half of stigma hyaline. Gall. — (Frontispiece, fig 2.) Fleshy galls, occurring in two parallel rows, one on either side of the midrib, sometimes touching but not origi- nating from the latter, and rarely extending to the edge of the leaf; sometimes as many as twenty on a single leaf; in other cases confined to a row on one side of the leaf, or occasionally occurring singly; shape irregular, elongate-ovate, projecting equally on both surfaces of the leaf; length 7 to 10 mm., the abortive ones smaller. Color on upper side more or less brownish red; beneath white, with slight purplish tinge. The galls result from the punctures of the females in the very tenderest leaves, the wound closing and becoming invisible. The eggs and larvaa are subject to the attacks of mites, Thrips, a curculionid (Anthonomus sycophanta Walsh), and a lepidopterous larva which eats out the entire interior of the gall, tenthredinid larva and all. 38 Many specimens. New Hampshire, New York, Massachusetts, Penn- sylvania, New Jersey, and Canada. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) Galls: Boscawen, N. H., C. V. Riley, collector, July 16-25, 1883, "on Salix fragilis, a large tree, 50 to 70 feet high, with a rough bark and trunk, smooth branches, and galls very plentiful on younger leaves all over the tree." The adults were obtained between April 29 and May 21, 1881 ; also chalcidid and other parasites. Magnolia, Mass., July 10, 1883; gallmaker not reared. Hymenop- terous parasites issued July 20, 1883. Richfield Springs, N. Y., Theo. Pergande, collector, February 8, 1880; adults issued March 3 to April 21, 1887; also chalcidid parasites and a dipterous guest fly. Pittsburg, Pa., J. C. Leach, collector, July 25, 1891. Pointe au Pic, Quebec, Canada, E. Corning, collector, August 28,1891. 20. Pontania truncata new species. Female. — Length 1 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus almost squarely truncate, scarcely excavated; ridges about ocellar basin and frontal crest rounded, almost obsolete; antennal fovea large, circular; an tenure scarcely tapering, not longer than the head and thorax; claws not very deeply notched, inner ray considerably shorter than outer; sheath narrow, elongate, not acuminate, rounded at tip; venation normal. Color black, shining; clypeus, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, tegulae, venter of abdomen, and legs, except bases of posterior coxai, yellowish ferruginous; sheath brownish at apex and on margin; antenme fulvous beneath, except on scape and first joint of flagellum. One female. Southern California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 21. Pontania atriventris new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus distinctly emarginate, lobes minute, pointed; frontal and lateral ridges of vertex rounded, subobsolete; antennae with joints 3 to 5 subequal, fourth joint slightly longest; sheath narrow, elongate, tapering; claws deeply cleft; venation normal. Color black, shining, including orbits and venter of thorax and abdomen ; legs beyond coxa} yellowish brown ; femora darker, with upper and lower edges and the tips of posterior tibhe and tarsi infuscated ; clypeus and mouth parts pale; wings hyaline; veins brown ; basal half of stigma hyaline. Three females. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 22. Pontania californica new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus rather deeply and not broadly excavated, lobes rounded; head rather strongly punc- tured ; ridges about ocellar basin not well defined ; antennal fovea Droad, 39 circular, shallow, breaking through rudimentary frontal crest; antennos short, not as long as head and thorax, scarcely tapering; sheath very narrow, elongate, not acuminate, rounded at tip; inner ray of claw con- siderably shorter than outer; venation normal. Color black, shining labrum, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguke, legs except bases of posterior cox;e, abdomen beneath, except sheath, yellowish ferruginous sheath brownish rufous, smooth, shining; antenme with flagelluin inclined to rufous beneath ; veins brown, stigma and costa paler basally tarsi somewhat infuscated. Male. — Length 4 mm. ; structurally agrees with female ; also colora tional characters, except that the pronotum is entirely black, coxa3 alto gether black, and the venter of abdomen yellowish brown centrally including hypopygium. Gall. — Gall of the type desmodioides, not differing in the dried speci mens in any noticeable manner from the latter. Length 8 to 12 mm Normally but one gall occurs on a leaf. The galls were received from Mr. H. T. Turner, Eastlake, Cal., August 26, 1883, and the adults issued between September 18, 1883, and March 24, 1884. Nine females and 3 males, 8 of which — G females and 2 males — were reared from willow-leaf galls collected by Mr. Turner in California. (Coll. U. S. Nat, Mus.) One male collected at Alameda, Cal., in March by Mr. Koebele, and the others collected in Southern California, (Colls. U. S. Nat, Mus. and Am. Ent. Soc.) 23. Pontania gracilis new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; slender, elongate species; abdomen cen- trally considerably broader than thorax; head very much narrower than thorax; clypeus distinctly, circularly emarginate; ridges of vertex rounded, subobsolete; frontal crest broken; antennae with joints 3 to 6 subequal, fourth slightly longest; sheath elongate, narrow, tapering; claws deeply cleft; venation normal. Color in general black, shining; orbits, face beneath antenna*, pronotum, tegulte, legs, and venter of abdomen reddish yellow; wings hyaline; veins, including all of stigma, dark brown. Gall.^Galls somewhat similar to desmodioidcs, but much more robust, nearly spherical, extending from midrib to considerably beyond edge of leaf; diameter 9 to 13 mm.; surface smooth. Galls collected in Virginia by Mr. Pergande September 29, 1885; adults issued April 19 and 29, 188G. Two females. Virginia. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 24. Pontania stigmatalis new species. Female. — Length 4 mm. ; robust ; clypeus distinctly but rather broadly and circularly emarginate, lobes small, pointed ; ridges of vertex sub- 40 obsolete; antennal fovea shallow, uniting more or less with the slight depression about anterior ocellus; antennae very slender, rather elon- gate for the genus, joints 3 to 5 subequal; sheath long, narrow, regu- larly tapering 'to rather acute tip; venation normal; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color black, shining ; mouth parts, angles of pro- notum, tegulse, and legs, including tips of coxa', whitish; upper and lower margins of femora are narrowly dark brown and the tips of the tibioe and tarsi, particularly posterior pair, brownish; the posterior orbits are reddish yellow; wings hyaline; veins light brown, costa and stigma hyaline. One female. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 25. Pontania desmodioides Walsh. L866. Nematua .sal ids desmodioides Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc Phila., VI, p. 257. 18G6. Nematus inquilinus Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 2(50. 18G7. Nematus salicis desmodioides Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. .Soc, i, p. I'll. (Cat., etc., p. < 1867. Nematus inquilinus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 213. (Cat., etc., p. 75.) Nematus inquilinus Provancher. Can. Nat., x, p. 57. 1883. Nematus inquilinus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Jlvm., p. 190. 1895. Pontania inquilina Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc Wash., Ill, p. 266. Female. — Length 5mm.j rather robust; head and thorax strongly punctured, s >mewha1 opaque; clypeus deeply and narrowly emargi- nate, lobes rounded; ocellar basin well defined, side walls thick; frontal crest Large, slightly notched; antennal fovea elongate, deeply exca- vated: (daws rather deeply and evenly cleft; sheath narrow, long, reg- ularly tapering, scarcely excavated beneath; cerci slender, tapering; wings with normal venation, except that the third cubital cell is nearly quadrangular. Color of antenna-, large spot including ocelli, stripe on anterior lobe of mesonotum, band in front of scutellum, most of meta- notum, and abdomen dorsally except sides and apex dark brown, approaching black (mesonotum sometimes nearly altogether black, except Bcutel) ; occiput, balance of mesonotum, and the mesepimera reddish brown, inclined to resinous: face, orbits, pronotum, scutellum, abdomen beneath, and legs yellowish ferruginous; veins and stigma yellowish brown, the former scarcely lighter basally. Male. — Length 4 mm.; structurally about as in female; vertex with numerous yellowish hairs; the ocellar basin less distinctly defined and the antennal fovea more triangular and deepening anteriorly; venation as in female, except that the intercostal vein is posterior to basal. Color brownish black; spot beneath antenna', clypeus, mouth parts, lowTer and inner orbits, pronotum, tegulse, legs for the most part, broad stripe on venter of abdomen and dorsal apex of same, yellowish; posterior tarsi infuscated; posterior orbits reddish yellow, fuscous; veins yellowish brown ; stigma unicolorous. Gall. — The gall is found on S. humilis. It is smooth, flattish, fleshy, sessile, yellow- ish green, monothalainous, semicircular in general shape like the seed of aDesmodiuni 41 or the quarter of an orange. It is about equally divided between the two surfaces of the leaf; no rosy cheek. Generally there is but one gall on a leaf; one leaf was seen with three upon it. Length 0.23 to 0.50 iuch. One hundred and thirty-one specimens. Gall mature July 30. Larva. — Three or four of these July 30, did not apparently differ from those of s. pomum examined the same day. When the larva quits feeding iu the gall, there remains nothing of it but a shell as thin as paper. All the imagoes bred pupized inside the gall; but there was no earth within the breeding vase. — Walsh, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 257. Two females, a bred specimen from Illinois (Walsh's type?) and a collected specimen from Massachusetts, and one male (Walsh's type!) apparently reared with the female described above. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) Ncmatus inquilinus Walsh is unquestionably identical with this species. Galls probably belonging to this species have been received from the following localities: Lafayette, Ind., F. M. Webster, August 15, 1890, from which were obtained two parasites, Sympiesis sp. and Murytoma studiosa Say, supposed to be parasitic on Anthonomus sycophanta Walsh ; Eichfield Springs, N. Y., Th. Pergande, collector, September 28, 188G. Cadet, Mo., J. G. Barlow, collector, September 24, 1890. 26. Pontania sulphurea new species. Female. — Length 4 mm.; rather slender, glistening; head and thorax somewhat coarsely punctured ; clypeus circularly emarginate, lobes triangular; ridges of vertex inclosing ocellar basin present, but not dis- tinctly denned ; frontal crest small; antennal fovea very shallow, almost wanting; antennae, scarcely as long as head and thorax, filiform, joints 3 and 1 subequal; sheath very narrow, elongate, tapering toward rounded tip; claws large, deeply notched; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial; cerci very short, tapering rapidly from base. Color sulphur yellow; antennas, quadrate spot on vertex inclosing ocelli, large spot on each of anterior lobes of mesonotum, the post scu- tellum and two or three spots on the succeeding sclerite, band on basal plates, and on proximal segments of abdomen brownish black, lighter on abdomen; antenna1 fulvous beneath, dusky toward tips; sheath edged with brown on the dorsal and apical margins; veins light yel- lowish brown; stigma and costa lighter basally. Male. — Agrees in general characters with the female. The dorsum of thorax is black, and the basal segments of the abdomen are black cen- trally, forming a narrow dark stripe extending more than half way to the tip of the abdomen. One female and one male. Montana and Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 27. Pontania rugulosa new species. Male. — Length 4 mm.; rather slender; head roughened, coarsely punctured, thorax with finer puncturing; clypeus deeply, narrowly emarginate, lobes triangular; lateral walls of ocellar basin indistinct or 42 wanting; frontal crest sharply defined, prominent, slightly notched in the center; antenna! fovea very minute, almost wanting, circular; antennae longer than head and thorax, joints 3 and 4 subequal, joints 3 to 5 nodose at tips; procidentia projecting more than its width beyond terminal segment; hypopygium narrow, rounded at tip; claws deeply .cleft; third cubital cell very short, quadrate; upper discal cell of hind wing not exceeding lower. Color black; clypeus, mouth party, angles of pronotum, tegula\ hypopygium, and legs, except bases of coxa', yellow- ish ferruginous; tips of anterior tarsi faintly and tips of posterior tibia1- and their tarsi more strongly infuscated; antennae fulvous beneath; veins dark brown ; stigma unicolorous, brown ; costa lighter at extreme base. Two males, one reared ( ?) from willow gall. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 28. Pontania placenta Norton. 1867. Xemalus plaeenlus Norton. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc.,i, p. 213. (Cat., etc., p. 75.) Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus very broadly excavated, lobes small; vertex rounded, smooth, with a deep furrow beyond lateral ocelli ; ridges limiting ocellar basin wanting or indistinct, as also frontal crest; antennal fovea large, very shallow, indistinctly limited; antenna' slender, not much longer than head and thorax; claws microscopically cleft at apex; procidentia not or scarcely projecting. The following veins arc interstitial : Intercostal with basal, second recurrent with second transverse cubital and outer veins of discal cells of posterior wings. Color of antenna', large spot on head about ocelli, occiput, mesonotuin and nietanotum, abdomen above except narrow lateral edge, more or less of metepisternum, and bases of pos- terior coxa', black ; balance of body yellowish ferruginous. One male. Canada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 29. Pontania pallifrons Cresson. 1880. Xematus pallifrons Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vni, p. 6. Male. — Length 5 mm.; moderately robust; clypeus almost squarely truncate; mouth parts with short white hairs; vertex smooth, shining; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest rather large, unbroken; antennal fovea very small, circular, more deeply excavated at lower end; antemne not much longer than head and thorax, robust and tapering; claws large, deeply divided, inner ray much shorter than outer; apex of abdomen not strongly recurved; procidentia short, strongly constricted at base, apical angles acuminate; cerci rather long, spindle shaped; venation normal, except that the intercostal vein is at right angles to costa; stigma very elongate, narrow. Color black, shining; face below ocellar basin, orbits, pronotum, teguhe, all of venter, and legs yellowish ferruginous; metepisternum and extreme 43 bases of posterior coxre brownish black; tips of posterior tibiae and tarsi, and cerci, infuscated; antennae unicolorous, brownish black. . One male. Cresson's type. Texas. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 30. Pontania pyriformis new species. (Frontispiece, fig. 5.) Gall. —Galls occurring on leaves of Salix californica(f). Collected by Albert Koebele, Donner, Placer County, Cal., September 5, 1885. Galls occur on the underside of the leaf, attached to or near the midrib, usually singly, but sometimes two separately on the leaf, or more fre- quently partly coalescing, in which case one is usually abortive. They are pear shaped, attached rather broadly (J to J greatest diameter) at the larger end, and rather acutely pointed, sometimes slightly curved at tip, or more rarely bifurcate. They consist of a mere shell, con- taining with the larva very little frass, as though the larva had sub- sisted more on secretions than on the solid interior of the gall — the gall giving now no indication of ever having been fleshy and solid. The full-grown larva escapes through the base of the gall at its point of attachment, emerging, therefore, on the upper side of the leaf. The larva is white, with light-brown head and black eye-spots, 7 to 8 mm. long. Six specimens of Pimpla euurce Ashrn.1 were reared, but no gall-flies. 31. Pontania monile new species. (Frontispiece, fig. 6.) Gall. — Gall occurring on the leaves of willow. Collected at the mouth of the American Fork Caiion, Utah, by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, June 29, 1891. Smooth, globular, fleshy galls, 6 to 8 mm. in diameter, occurring from 2 to 0 together in a row on the underside of the midrib of willow leaf. The area of attachment is about one-half the greatest diameter of the gall, and on the upper side of the leaf appears as a slight convexity. When closely placed, the galls lose somewhat of the spherical shape, but rarely grow together. The larva begins eating out the interior of the gall near the base, and is rather robust, 10 mm. in length, with light, resinous head and dark eye-spots; light, yellowish- white body. An exactly similar gall, except occurring 1 or 2 together, is repre- sented in the collection, bearing the label January 10, 1884, without locality. It was collected in a later stage of development, and the inte- rior is completely excavated. In most cases the larva had abandoned the gall, issuing near the base. The specimens probably came from the Northwest. A gall similar to the last was also received from Mr. Lawrence Bruner, Robinson's Eanch, ^Vyoming, collected September 15, 1881, with the statement that it occurred on the leaves of Populus angusti- folia. Examination of the leaves seems to indicate that they are wil- low rather than poplar, and the gall may be doubtfully referred to the type described above. 1 Insect Life, in, p. 463. 44 VIII. Genus PTERONUS Jurine. Jnrine, Nouvellc Methode do Classer les Hymenopteres et Pipteres, T. i, p. 61. Konow, Deutsche entoniologische Zeitschrift, xxxiv, 1890, Heft n, p. 237. Body large, hard; clypeus incised at tip; claws bifid; antenna' long, frequently pale beneath ; stigma usually unicolorous ; mesonotnm and mesoplenrse usually not or sparsely punctured; head subrotund ; labium not or slightly prominent; eighth dorsal abdominal segment of male subtriangular, produced at apex ; procidentia truncate at apex; hypopygium narrow at apex and subtruncately rounded; sheath of female small, narrow; apex never acuminate. The genus as characterized above by Konow is perhaps the largest in point of number of species of the several genera erected from the old genus Nematus. It is closely allied to the genus following it, but differs notably in the characters of the head and wings and in the general appearance. The males of the smaller species are not so readily sepa- rated from the males of Pontania. The genus has its type species in Pteronus myosotidis Fab., the only species remaining of those originally assigned to it by Jurine. The life-history of a few of t lie American species is familiar, as, for instance, that of Pteronus centralis Say (the willow sawfly) and 1\ ribe&ii Scop, (the gooseberry sawfly). In habits, the other species are for the most pari probably similar to these. Some confusion which has grown up with reaped to some of the light-colored forms is referred to in the table for the separation of the species. TABLE OF SPEC] I 3. Females. A. Prevailing color black ; pectus always black. Stigma narrow, usually straight on lower margin or strongly acuminate, elongate, more than three times as Long as wide. Bead, thorax, and abdomen black above. Stigma and femora brown or black. Abdomen beneath black 1. vicinal is Cr. Abdomen pale beneath. Orbits black 2. oceiden talis n. sp. Orbits pale 3. latus n . sp. Stigma and femora pale 4. pacificus n. sp. Head and thorax black; abdomen more or less pale. Abdomen with broad lateral pale stripe 5. I hnbat u s Cr. Abdomen with broad, transverse yellow band 6. latifasciatus Cr. Stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, not much more than twiee as long as wide. Head and thorax black ; venter of abdomen pale; dorsal arcs always more or less black, except sometimes terminal ones. Femora black 7. ventralis Say, Hind femora only black 8. marlattii Dyar. Femora pale ; orbits black or strongly infuscated. Coxa' black; abdomen black above, except narrow apex of some of dorsal arcs 9. atriceps n. sp. Coxa^ pale; abdomen with narrow transverse brown stripes on dorsal arcs, sometimes limited to basal segments, mostly pale; sheath pale 10. coloradensis n. sp. 45 Coxa pale; abdomen Avith broad central black stripe and with apex beneath strongly infuscated; sheath black. Second recurrent interstitial with first cubital. 11. harringtoni n.sp. Second recurrent received well within second cubital cell. 12. fylesin. sp. Femora pale; orbits pale or reddish. Sheath broad; rounded or truncate at apex ; stigma brown. 13. Mncaidi n. sp. Sheath narrow, tapering; stigma yellow 14. fovcatus n. sp. Sheath narrow, tapering; stigma bicolorous; mesepimera with pectoral black spot 15. bicolor n. sp. Head and thorax black; abdomen pale, except sometimes basal dorsal arc and, rarely, terminal arcs. Hind femora black, at least apically. Hind tibia} with brown gradually increasing in intensity from base to tip ; orbits and mouth parts pale 16. tricolor n. sp. Hind tibhe with basal one-third or one-half white; head black. Elongate; basal arc black. Terminal segments black ; legs pallid and black. 17. rufocinctus Harrington. Terminal segments yellow ; legs reddish yellow and black. 18. erytlvrog aster Norton. Short ovate; basal arc indistinctly or not at all infuscated. Three terminal arcs pale 19. corylus Cr. Three terminal arcs black 20. dyarin. sp. Hind femora pale. Veins and stigma dark brown. t Angles of pronotum and the coxas black.. 21. fulvicrus Prov. Angles, etc., pale. Lateral lobes mesonotum mostly black ; basal segment of abdomen infuscated 22. populi n. sp. Lateral lobes mesonotum reddish ; basal segment pale. 23. hudsonii Dyar. Veins and stigma yellowish. Orbits and spot below bases of antenna' pale. 24. auratus n.sp. Orbits and spot below bases of antenna' black. 25. calif ornlcus n. sp. Head and thorax more or less pale above. Antenna' yellow or ferruginous. Hind femora mostly black 26. antennatus n. sp. Hind femora pale 27. ribesii Scop. Antenna black ; legs pale 28. edwardsii Cr. AA. Prevailing color of dorsum black ; pectus and venter pale (except dusky spot on pectus of hyaUnns and minute one in case of rufus, and sometimes venter of abdomen black in mUltaris). Head altogether black. Thorax with lateral lobes reddish ; abdomen black dorsally . 29. militarisGr. Thorax and abdomen reddish, except mesoscutellum, metanotum and basal central area of abdomen 30. thoracicus Harr. Head black ; mouth parts and orbits pale. Stigma and costa brown. Scutelluni black. Head nearly spherical, viewed latterly; clypeus narrowly and deeply excavated, short, robust 31. odoratus Dyar. 46 Head normal, triangular; clypeus rather broadly excavated, elon- gate 30. cornelli n. sp. Scutellum pale. Posterior tibia^ and tarsi dark brown 33. trilineatus Nort. Legs altogether resinous 34. magus n. sp. Stigma and costa pale. Scutellum entirely or for most part black. Costa enlarged at apex; small, robust species.. 35. quercns n. sp. Costa normal ; elongate species. Lobes of mesonotum altogether black 36. hyalimis n. sp. Lobes with light sutures 37. rertebratus Say. Scutellum pale 38. integer Say. AAA. Dorsum pale or with few black spots.1 Stigma pale. Crest strongly bituberculate. Claws normal 39. mendicus Walsh. Claws minutely cleft 40. vancouverensis n. sp. Crest unbroken, straight 41. koebclei u. sp. Crest unbroken, curved anteriorly ; stigma narrow, straight on lower mar- gin 42. pingnidorsum Dyar. Stigma brown; body without dark markings 43. u n ico lor n. sp Males. Procidentia very broad and large.2 Elongate, slender; orbits black 44. longicornis n. sp. Short, robust ; orbits reddish 27. ribesii Scop. Procidentia narrow ; sometimes subobsolete. Black; pectus always black. Body altogether black, except sometimes mouth parts, pronotum, and tegula). Legs, particularly femora and posterior tibia', strongly infuscated. Ridges about ocellar basin prominent 45. iridescens Cr. Ridges about ocellar basin obsolete 46. decoratus Prov. Legs pale, except tips posterior tibial and their tarsi. Clypeus distinctly einarginate; procidentia minute. Stigma short, robust; apical half hind tibia' infuscated. 47. lombardaj n. sp. Stigma rather elongate, acuminate; extreme tips of hind tibiae sharply brown. 'Three species of the lnteus group described by Norton are distinguishable by the color characteristics. The types are lost, with the possible exception of trivitfatus. Stigmatus may prove to be a good species. Mendicus and trivittatus are closely allied, and probably identical, the older name, mendicus, holding. Monochroma may prove to be a light form of mendicus. These species all fall in the table with mendi- cus, with which they are closely allied. Stigmatus and monochroma may be good spe- cies, and the original descriptions of them are appended (Nos. 47 and 48). The fol- lowing synopsis indicates the color differences of this group: Dorsum pale, except tip of scutellum, metanotum, and stripe down tergum 9 49. stigmatus Nort. Dorsum with a black spot about ocelli and three on lobes of mesonotum ; body other- wise pale 9 39. trivitfatus Nort. Dorsum with two spots on mesonotum, tip of scutellum, and spots on metanotum black 9 39. mendicus Walsh. Insect altogether pale, including antenna? 9 50. monochroma Nort. "In this character the two following species depart in this sex from the character- ization of the genus. 47 Venter black ; second recurrent interstitial. 11. harringtoni n. sp. Venter pale ; second recurrent not interstitial. 12. fylesi n. sp. Clypeus nearly truncate; procidentia long and projecting, keeled. 20. dyari n. sp. Legs pale, pygidiuni pale 48. dubius n. sp. Body black, except venter of abdomen, femora, and sometimes terminal dorsal arcs. Abdomen entirely black dorsally. Orbits pale ; mesepimera black 13. kincaidi n. sp. Orbits black ; upper half of mesepimera pale 30. thoracicus Harr. Abdomen with more or less of dorsal segments laterally and apically pale. Procidentia minute, usually slightly emarginate at tip; abdomen usually nearly interrupted with yellow centrally. 7. ventralis Say. Procidentia medium, rounded at tip ; abdomen not as above. 10. coloradensis n. sp. Black above for most part ; pectus and venter pale. Stigma and costa brown. Dorsum, including scutellum, black. Head nearly spherical, viewed laterally ; clypeus narrowly and deeply excavated ; short, robust 31. odoratus Dyar. Head normal, triangular ; clypeus rather broadly excavated ; elongate 32. cornelli n. sp. Dorsum black, scutellum pale 41. vancouverensis n. sp. Stigma and costa pale. Procidentia as long as wide 39. mendicus Walsh. Procidentia twice as long as wide 37. vertebratus Say. INDEX TO SPECIES OF PTERONUS. antennatus n. sp. $ atriceps n. sp. 9 auratus n. sp. 9 bicolor n. sp. 9 californicus n. sp. 9 coloradensis n. sp. $ 9 cornelli n. sp. $ 9 corylus Cresson 9 decoratus Provancher $ dorsivittatus Cr. = vertebratus. dubius n. sp. $ dyari n. sp. $ 9 edwardsii Cresson 9 ery throgaster Norton 9 foveatus n. sp. 9 fulvicrus Provaucber 9 fylesi n. sp. $ 9 barringtoni n. sp. $ 9 hudsonii Dyar 9 hyalinus n. sp. 9 integer Say 9 iridescens Cresson $ kincaidi n. sp. $ 9 koebelei n. sp. 9 latifasciatus Cresson 9 latus n. sp. 9 limbatus Cresson 9 lombardse n. sp. . 15!). 1867. Nematua ventralia Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 201. (Cat., etc., p. 63.) 1869. Nematua ventralia Scudder. Ent. Corr. Harr., p. 270. 1870. Nematua ventralia Riley. Am. Eat. and Hot., n, p. 276. 1^7:;. Nematua ventralia Sylvester. Bept. U. 8. Dept. Agric., p. 254. 1881. Xematus ventralis Thomas. 10th Rep. Ent. 111., 1880, p. 68. 1885. Nematua rent rati* Forbes. 11th Rep. Ent. 111., 1884, p. 117. 1888. Ncmatus ventralis Howard. Insect Life, i, p. 33, fig. 5. 1889. Xeniatus ventralis Lngger. Bull. 9, Minn. Exper. 8ta.,p. 51. 1889. Xeniatus centralis Orcntt. Hull. 13, Dakota Exper. Sta., p. 13. 1889. Xeniatus ventralis Hruuer. Hull. 14, Nebr. Exper. Sta., p. 78. 1890. Xematus ventralis Packard. Rep. U. 8. Ent. Comm., v, pp. 524,588. 1891. Xematus ventralis Orcutt. Hull. 22, S. Dak. Exper. Sta. (March). 1895. Xematus ventralis Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII, p. 301. Female. — Length 8 mm.; only moderately robust; abdomen broadest beyond middle, shining; clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate, lobes rounded; frontal erest large, indistinctly broken; ocellar basin well defined; antennal fovea deep, elongate, triangular; antennae slen- der, distinctly tapering, smooth, third joint usually slightly exceeding 51 fourth; upper middle cell of hind wings short, quadrate, terminating at or usually within apex of lower cell; intercostal vein very slightly inclined, interstitial, or nearly so, with basal; second recurrent inter- stitial, or nearly so, with second transverse cubital vein; third cubital cell not strongly divaricating apically; stigma broad, rounded beneath, widest at center; sheath pointed, slightly excavated aboVe and rounded beneath; moderately robust; cerci robust, obtusely pointed; claws large, deeply cleft, rays snbequal. Color brownish black, including dorsum generally, coxae, femora except tips, tips of hind tibiae, all of hind tarsi, sheath, cerci, and more or less of apex of abdomen beneath; balance yellowish white, viz, inner and outer orbits, face below base of antenna}, pronotum except two or three dusky spots (sometimes wanting), teguhc, lat- eral edges of thorax and abdomen, and venter; palpi, more or less of ex- treme tips of fore tibiae, and commonly some of fore tarsi dusky; wings very faintly smoky; veins, including stigma, brown, costa pale on basal half. Male. — Length 7 mm. ; rather elongate; struc- turally as in female; procidentia as long as broad, narrow, taper- ing, squarely truncate or slightly emarginate at apex, constricted at base ; h y p o p y g i u m emarginate as viewed from end ; antenna} com - pressed laterally, stouter than in female. Color as in female, except that the inner orbits are black and the legs are dark reddish yellow, except bases of coxa} and rwsterior tarsi; abdomen reddish yellow beneath and dorsally over segments 2 and 3 and less on following ones; bases of all dorsal segments dark, terminal ones particularly so; hind tibia} very slightly infuscated, particularly at tips. Fig. 8. — Pteronus ventralis.: a, larva? feeding; b, larva, enlarged; cocoon, and d, adult — both enlarged (from Insect Life). Many bred specimens of both sexes. Washington, D. C. (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.) A male and a female from Carbondale, 111. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), differ from the above in that the female has the upper middle cell of the hind wings exceeding the lower, and in the male the same termi- nates at aoex of lower. Three males from Michigan (Coll. U. S. Nat. 52 Mus.) vary from above in Laving an elongate upper middle cell in hind wings, which, however, does not exceed lower, and in that the inter- costal is a little anterior to basal. Food-plants: Populus and Salix. 8. Pteronus marlattii Dyar. 1894. Nematus marlattii Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxn, p. 305. Female. — Length5.fi mm. ; moderately robust, shining ; clypeus broadly and shallowly notched; ocellar basin deep and with well-denned walls; frontal crest unbroken; antennal fovea large, triangular, deeply exca- vated; antenmc slender, third and fourth joints subequal; venation normal; stigma broad, ovate, widest at center, rounded on lower margin; sheath broad, obtusely pointed, upper margin slightly emarginate; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color of head, thorax, epimera and dorsum of abdomen for the most part, and outer half of posterior femora black; apices of posterior tibia' and their tarsi dusky; face below antenna', mouth parts, orbits, angles of pronotum narrowly, tegulse, narrow apical margin of dorsal segments and last two segments, venter except epimera and some dusky spots on lateral margin of abdomen, and iei^s except as noted pallid, inclined to yellowish; apex of sheath brownish: antenna} ferruginous beneath and toward apex; veins, including stigma and cost a, the latter nearly to base, brown. Characterized in manuscript by me from a specimen collected in New Hampshire (Coll. Am. Ent. 8oc.)j hist published by Dyar from a Specimen bred from larva on alder (I>var\s Coll.). 9. Pteronus atriceps new species. Female. — Length o'.r> mm.: moderately robust; clypeus very broadly and shallowly emarginate, lobes minute; frontal crest strongly devel- oped, entire; lateral walls of ocellar basin not strongly raised; fovea elongate, deep: antenna- medium, with joints 3 and 4 subequal; third cubital cell not more than one-third as Avide at base as at apex, about four times as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, tapering gradually from near base to tip; sheath broad basally, tapering to an obtuse tip, upper margin straight: claws not very deeply notched, inner ray nearly as long as outer. Color black, shining; tips of clypeus, mouth parts, teguhe, legs except coxa', and venter of abdomen, including lateral edges of dorsal sclerites, yellow ; upper posterior orbits and outer angles of pro- notum reddish; legs slightly infuscated, particularly the tarsi; sheath dark brown; veins brown, stigma unicolorous, brown. One female. ^Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 10. Pteronus coloradensis new species. Female. — Length 6 mm.; rather elongate, surface shining; clypeus deeply, circularly emarginate, lobes rounded; frontal crest and sides of 53 pentagonal area distinctly raised, former unbroken; antennal fovea deep, triangular; antennae slender, longer than head and thorax, third and fourth joints equal; intercostal vein its own length anterior to basal vein ; upper cell of hind wings exceeding lower ; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; second transverse cubital one-third length of third, or third cubital cell strongly divaricating; sheath very nar- row and obtusely pointed at tip, smooth, without or with very minute hairs; cerci short; claws deeply and almost evenly notched. Color of head except faint ferruginous touches about orbits, thorax, the first dorsal sclerite of abdomen, and bases of posterior coxae black ; following dorsal sclerites of abdomen with interrupted brown stripes on each ; antenna3 brownish, lighter beneath, especially toward tips ; extreme tips posterior femora, apical two-thirds of their tibiae and all their tarsi, tips of anterior pairs of tarsi, and narrow margin of sheath fuscous; clypeus and mouth parts light resinous; legs and abdomen, except as noted, light ferruginous; wing veins light brown, stigma and costa paler basally. Male. — Length G mm. ; slender, elongate ; clypeus broadly emarginate, lobes short, pointed; walls about ocellar basin very minute, but dis- tinctly defined; crest unbroken, not strongly raised; fovea very shallow, triangular; antennas robust, strongly tapering, somewhat flattened, joints 3 to 5 subequal, third a little longer than others ; venation nor- mal; procidentia narrow, projecting somewhat more than its width, rounded at tip; claws rather deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color black, shining; mouth parts and legs, venter of abdomen, including more or less of apical edge of dorsal segments and nearly all of terminal seg- ments, yellowish ferruginous; angles of pronotum widely, andtegula3 pallid; wings hyaline, veins brown, including stigma and costa; hind tibiad and their tarsi brownish; posterior orbits very faintly reddish, strongly infuscated; antenna} reddish, especially beyond basal joints and on lower edge. Three females and two males. Colorado and Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 11. Pteronus harringtoni new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus broadly and not deeply notched; ocellar basin distinctly defined; crest strong, unbroken; fovea deep, with lateral channels running from it over bases of antennas; antennae short, tapering, joints 3 and 4 nearly equal; intercostal at right angles, or nearly so, with costa; second recurrent interstitial, stigma rounded on lower margin, somewhat acuminate at apex; cerci very short; claws deeply cleft, rays equal. Color black; angles of pronotum, tegulae, legs for the most part, and venter of abdomen, together with marginal third of dorsum, reddish yellow; tip of clypeus and mouth parts yellowish, infuscated; extreme tips of posterior tibiae 54 and posterior torsi brownish black; wings with dusky band extending transversely below the stigma; stigma and veins dark brown. Male. — Length 0 mm.; rather slender; characters of head and antennae as in female; procidentia short, narrow, slightly constricted basally, truncate at apex; venation as in female. Color black; border of pro- notum and teguhe yellowish; legs as in female: basal half of venter of abdomen beneath reddish, strongly infuscated; dusky band on wings somewhat lighter than in female. One female and one male received from Mr. Harrington, who reports that this species has been somewhat abundant on willows on the experimental farm at Ottawa, Canada. lie was at first of the opinion that it might prove to have been introduced from Europe, but it seems to be distinct from any European species and also to be new to our fauna. I take pleasure, therefore, in dedicating it to Mr. Harrington. A male specimen lias since been submitted to me for identification by Kev. Thomas W. Fyles, of South Quebec, Canada. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 12. Pteronus fylesi new species. 1891. Nematus pallidiventria Fallen. Fyles, Can. Ent., xxin, p. 135. Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus circularly emargi- nate, lobes rounded; walls about ocellar basin well developed; frontal crest unbroken; fovea <»val : antennae slender, tapering, longer than head and thorax, third and fourth joints nearly equal; venation normal; stigma broad, regularly tapering toward apex; sheath broad, tapering, slightly produced, and with a rather dense tuft of short hairs at extreme tip; cerci short; claws deeply and evenly cleft. Color black; triangle beneath bases of antenna', clypeus for the most part, labrumand other mouth parts, pronotum, teguhe, abdomen except broad dorsal stripe, and legs for the most part reddish yellow; sheath, cerci, extreme tips of posterior tibia', and the posterior tarsi dark brown; anterior tarsi slightly infuscated; extreme bases of coxa' brown. Male. — Length (I mm.; slender; structural characters in general as in female; antennae somewhat stouter, slightly compressed; procidentia short, narrow, truncate at apex. Color as in female, except that the dorsum of abdomen is entirely black and the venter is slightly infus. cated, especially toward apex. Two females and one male received from Rev. Thomas W. Fyles, of South Quebec, Canada. The species was described by Mr. Fyles in the Canadian Entomologist, as noted above, the identification having been made for him by the Abbe Provancher. I have compared the species with specimens of pallidiventris Fallen, and there is a merely superficial color resemblance; pallidiventris belongs to the genus Pris- tipliora, and is a totally distinct insect. This species seems to be distinct from any Europeau species, and while allied somewhat closely 55 to limbatus Cresson and harringtoni n. sp., yet differs sufficiently, par- ticularly in the male sex, to warrant the creation of a new species. It is possible that this is an introduced species, but if so it seems not to have been described abroad. It was found abundantly on Russian willow introduced into Canada by the late Charles Gibbs. 13. Pteronus kincaidi new species. Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; rather robust; abdomen broad, scarcely tapering until near tip; clypeus distinctly emarginate, lobes broad and rounded; walls about ocellar basin nearly obsolete; frontal crest strongly developed, slightly broken by backward extension of elongate antennal fovea; antenme short, scarcely tapering, joint 4 a little longer than 3; venation normal; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; claws deeply and evenly cleft; sheath very broad, robust, scarcely tapering, rounded at apex; cerci short, tapering. Color black; space between antenme and face beneath including narrow orbits, pronotum, tegulae, venter of abdomen extending over onto the sides of dorsum, especially on the posterior margin of the segments, and the legs rather dark resin yellow; extreme bases of coxae and the hind tarsi particu- larly, with extreme tips of hind tibiae infuscated; sheath dark brown; wings hyaline; veins, including costa and stigma, dark brown. Male. — Males agree with the females in general characteristics; proci- dentia short, narrow, and rounded apically, rather broad basally ; hind tibia3 rather strongly infuscated, especially toward tip; dorsal arcs of abdomen entirely black ; antenme more elongate and somewhat more robust. Nine females and five males collected in April and May by Trevor Kincaid, Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 14. Pteronus foveatus new species. Female. — Length5.5mm. ; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly emarginate, lobes sharp pointed; ridges about ocellar basin strongly and sharply defined ; frontal crest unbroken ; antennal fovea large, cir- cular, deeply and sharply excavated ; antennae a little longer than head and thorax, scarcely tapering, joints slender, 3 and 4 subequal; sheath narrow, tapering, upper edge straight, tip rounded, hairs minute; claws not very deeply cleft, rays equal; venation about normal; third cubital cell more than twice as Wide at apex as at base; stigma narrow, elon- gate, subacuminate. Color of antenna, large spot extending back from occiput including ocelli with branches running down in front of eyes, base of the head, thorax, bases of first six dorsal segments of abdomen except on outer edges, and the epimera except anterior upper angles of the mesepimera black; antennae slightly rufous toward tip; sheath brownish; body otherwise yellowish ferruginous, including spot below antennas, mouth parts, angles of pronotuin, tegukaj, lateral edges and 56 posterior margin of dorsal segments, two terminal segments, venter, and legs ; veins dark brown, including costa nearly to base; stigma yellowish, nnicolorous, border brownish. One female. Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 15. Pteronus bicolor new species. Female. — Length 5.5 to 6 mm.; robust: clypeus broadly em argin ate, lobes small, pointed; ocellar basin with rather faint lateral walls; frontal crest unbroken; antennal fovea broad, shallow; antenna1 slender, scarcely tapering, joints 3 and 1 subequal; venation normal; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, rather abruptly narrowed toward tip; Sheath tapering to obtusely pointed tip, straight on upper side; claws evenly but : not deeply divided. Color black above, pale beneath, the black limited to dorsal area of antennae and all of the two basal joints, large spot including ocellar basin, ocelli, the occiput, thorax and abdomen above, spot on upper half of mesepimera and large spot on pectus, together with tip of sheath; face white; orbits and venter pallid, includ- ing also lateral edges of terminal abdominal segments above and all of last segment : wings hyaline; veins brown; stigma pale basally. Two females. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), and Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cornell Univ.). 1G. Pteronus tricolor new species. male, — Length 7 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate, lobes triangular; frontal crest and sides of pentagonal area sharply denned, former unbroken; antennal fovea cir- cular; intercostal vein more than its own length anterior to basal vein; third cubital cell not much more than one-half as wide at base as at apex; stigma moderately broad, rounded on lower margin; upper mid- dle cell of hind wings exceeding lower: sheath smooth, polished, pointed, bordering hairs very minute. Color of head and thorax for most part, first dorsal segment of abdomen and lighter bands on two following segments (nearly wanting on third), apex of sheath, apical three-fourths of hind femora, hind tibia' and tarsi (the former gradually paling toward bases), brownish black; the orbits and portions of the center of thorax, including scutellum, light yellowish brown; balance of abdomen ferruginous; clypeus and mouth parts, outer angles of pronotum, teguke, anterior legs and posterior pair, except as noted, yellowish white; anterior femora and tarsi very slightly tinged with reddish; stigma and veins, including costa, except extreme base of lat- ter, brown. One female. New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 17. Pteronus rufocinctus Harrington. 1893. Nematus rufocinctus Harrington. Can. Ent., xxv, p. 58. Female. — Length 8 mm. ; rather elongate, shining; clypeus very shal- lowly emarginate, approaching truncate ; ocellar basin with very sharply 57 defined and strongly raised walls; frontal crest prominent, sharp, unbroken; fovea* distinctly defined, oval; second, third, and fourth joints of antennae subequal; venation normal, except that the third cubital cell is quadrate; sheath short, obtusely pointed, quite densely clothed with hairs; cerci slender, slightly tapering; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color bhick; center of basal segment of abdomen above and all of three following segments and more or less of the base of the succeeding segment reddish yellow; tip of clypeus and month parts, anterior legs for the most part, coxa? except bases, trochanters, bases of femora, and basal half of tibia? of hind legs pallid; angles of pronotuni and the teguhe pallid, infuscated; femora of fore and mid- dle legs rather strongly infuscated; stigma and veins dark brown; wings nearly hyaline; spot in second cubital cell prominent. Redescribed from Harrington's type specimen. (Coll. Harrington.) 18. Fteronus erythrogaster Norton. 1864. Nematus erythrogaster Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., in, p. 8. 1867. Nematu8 erythrogaster Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 205. (Cat., etc., p. 67.) 1886. Nematus erythrogaster Provancher. Add. faun. Can. Hym., p. 23. Female. — Length 7.5 mm. ; moderately robust, shining; head and tho- rax finely punctured; clypeus shallowly and broadly emarginate, lobes triangular, rather pointed; frontal crest and sides of pentagonal area strongly raised, former unbroken; antennal fovea circular, deeply exca- vated; antenna? moderate, somewhat longer than head and thorax; intercostal very near basal vein; second cubital cell more than two- thirds as wide at base as at apex; upper cell of hind wings exceeding lower; stigma broad, ovate, not attenuated; sheath rather robust, rugose and with numerous hairs. Color of head and thorax for the most part, basal plates, first segment of abdomen dorsally, sheath, cerci, extreme bases of hind coxa?, tips of hind femora, apical two-thirds of hind tibia?, and all of hind tarsi black; extreme tips of clypeus and the labrum, palpi, outer angles pronotum, teguhe, abdomen, and legs, except as noted, rufous; basal third of hind tibiae whitish; veins and stigma in general brown; costa and some of posterior veins light. Two females. Maryland (Coll. Am. But. Soc), and Ithaca, N. Y., N. Banks, collector (Coll. U. S.Nat. Mus.). 19. Pteronus corylus Cresson. 1880. Nematus corylus Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 8. 1895. Nematus corylus Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxu, p. 306. Female. — Length 6 to 7 mm.; head and thorax rather coarsely punc- tured, somewhat shining; clypeus very shallowly emarginate, lobes very short and broadly rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin distinctly elevated, former unbroken, or rarely indistinctly so; antennal fovea broad and shallow, antenna? long, tapering, third joint longer than fourth; venation normal, second transverse cubital nearly as long 58 as third; stigma robust, rounded on lower margin; sheath not very robust, rounded at apex, and with rather long and dense hairs; cerci long, slender, as long as or longer than third cubital cross vein; claws deeply cleft, rays nearly equal. Color of head, thorax, base of first dorsal sclerite, sheath, extreme tips of posterior femora, apical half — sharply defined — of posterior tibiae, and their tarsi black; sometimes the dorsal middle of segments 2 to 4 and rarely 6 and the cerci brown- ish black: bases of antenna1, tips of clypeus, and the labrum, palpi, outer angles of pronotum, teguhv, legs, and abdomen yellowish ferru- ginous; posterior femora and abdomen darker; veins and stigma brown; costa yellowish. Four females, Cressoifs types, Pennsylvania (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), and seven females bred from larva1 on alder, Cadet, Mo., October 5, 1884 (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Adults emerged during latter part of March and early in April. The last larval stages and the cocoon are described by Mr. II. C. Dyar. who states that the larva' are gregarious edge feeders on alder. 20. Pteronus dyari new species. Female. — Length 0 mm. : very robust: clypeus nearly truncate; ocel- lar basin well defined, with prominent anterior angle; antennal fovea very shallow, indistinct; head and thorax coarsely punctured; anten- nae but little shorter than the body, tapering, third joint longest; vena- tion normal; stigma stout, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath short, stout, scarcely projecting; claws deeply notched, rays subequal. Color black, shining; mouth parts strongly infuscated; angles of pro notum, teguhe, first to fifth segments of abdomen ventrally and dorsally, yellowish ferruginous; coxa' except bases, trochanters, basal half of posterior tibia', whitish; anterior tibiae and tarsi and anterior and pos- terior faces of anterior femora, together with bases of middle pair, pal- lid; wings nearly hyaline, or very slightly infuscated; veins, including stigma and costa to base, very dark brown. Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; structurally as in female; procidentia long, projecting; antenna' more robust, tapering. Color as in female, except that the abdomen is wholly black and the legs are yellowish, except extreme tips of posterior femora and apical half of posterior tibire and their tarsi. One female and one male. H. G. Dyar, collector, New York. (Coll. Dyar.) 21. Pteronus fulvicrus Provancher. 1882. Nematus fulvicrus Provancher. Nat. Can., xm, p. 291. 1883. Nematus fulvicrus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 740. 1890. Neniatus salicis Ashmead. Bull. Colo. Biol. Assn., i, p. 15. 1894. Nematus salicicola Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., I, p. 257. Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; robust; clypeus broadly but not very deeply notched; walls about ocellar basin distinctly defined; crest 59 prominent, unbroken; fovea shallow; antennae tapering, somewhat longer than head and thorax, joints 3 and 4 subequal; second recurrent vein interstitial with second transverse cubital ; venation otherwise nor- mal stigma moderately broad; claws deeply cleft, rays equal; sheath robust, obtusely pointed, straight on upper margin. Color black; lab- rum pallid; tips of anterior femora, all hind femora, and abdomen except apical segment orange yellow, inclined to reddish on legs; legs otherwise black or strongly infuscated; veins dark brown, including costa and stigma; wings slightly smoky, especially centrally. Three females collected in Colorado: One (Ashmead's type) in Mr. Ashmead's collection; the others in collection of Cornell University. I have since obtained the original type of Provancher, through the kindness of Abbe V. A. Huard, and confirmed the synonymy as above. The type specimen now lacks the abdomen, and was labeled by Pro- vancher ruficrus (485), although published as fidvicrus. It was cap- tured at St. Hyacinthe (Can.), and is in the Provancher collection. 22. Pteronus populi new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; clypeus broadly but not deeply notched, lobes broad, rounded; frontal crest very prominent, unbroken; sides of pentagonal area distinctly raised; antennal fovea broad, shallow, not distinctly defined ; antenna' slender, slightly tapering, longer than head and thorax, third and fourth joints equal; intercostal vein a little in advance of basal, not inclined; first transverse cubital hyaline; upper middle cell of hind wings extending one-fifth its length beyond lower; second transverse cubital more than half as long as third; stigma not broad, rounded regularly on lower margin; sheath rather broad, exca- vated slightly above, pointed, and with rather dense whitish hairs at tip; cerci short; claws deeply cleft, rays nearly equal. Color of bead and thorax for the most part, basal plates, base of first dorsal segment, terminal segment including sheath and cerci, extreme bases of coxae, hind tibiae, hind tarsi, and veins including costa brownish black; tip of clypeus, labrum, posterior orbits, outer angles of 'pronotum, tegulae, spot on side of mesothorax, abdomen, and legs except as noted yellow- ish ferruginous ; orbits, mesothorax, abdomen, and femora inclined to reddish; tibae and tarsi of anterior legs very slightly infuscated. One female from Massachusetts reared in May, 1888, by Mr. J. G. Jack, from larvae found on Populus tremuloides. (Coll. IT. S. ISTat. Mus.) 23. Pteronus hudsonii Dyar. 1894. Xematus hudsonii magnus Dyar, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxn, p. 306. Female. — Length 10 mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus very shal- lowly notched, almost truncate; fovea distinctly excavate, triangular; frontal crest very prominent, unbroken ; ocellar basin distinctly defined; 60 antennal joints 3 and 4 subequal, or fourth a little longer than third; venation normal; stigma very broad, rounded on lower margin ; sheath narrow, tapering; claws rather coarsely and evenly notched. Color of head, antenna?, anterior lobe of mesonotum, scutellurn, metanotum, terminal segment of abdomen, sheath, and thorax ventrally black, shining; hind tibiae, except basal third and their tarsi, dark brown ; angles of pronotum, teguhv, lateral lobes of mesonotum, abdomen, and legs except as otherwise noted yellowish ferruginous; clypeus and mouth parts except mandibles, pale; veins dark brown; wings hyaline, fore wings slightly infuscated below stigma. One female, Dyar's type. (Coif. Dyar.) This species was reared by Mr. Dyar from a larva collected on poplar. 24. Pteronus auratus new species. Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus broadly, shallowly notched, lobes broad, rounded; frontal crest prominent, extending nearly to orbits, angulated; sides of ocellar basin very minutely raised: antennal fovea triangular, distinctly defined; antennae long, Blender, third and fourth joints subequal; venation normal, third cubital cell less than one-half as wide at base as at apex; stigma mod- erately broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath narrow, obtusely pointed, bordering hairs very short, minute; cerci scarcely tapering; claws rather minutely cleft, rays subequal. Color as in cali- fornicus, except that the coxa' are entirely light and the bases of anten- n;e, spot beneath, angles of pronotum, and teguLe are whitish. One female. Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species is closely allied to californicus, but differs from it in what appear to be good structural characters. 26. Pteronus californicus new species. Female. — Length 0.5 nun.; robust, glistening; clypeus very broadly and shallowly notched, lobes rather pointed; frontal crest strongly developed, rectilinear, extending nearly to orbits, unbroken; sides of ocellar basin minutely but distinctly raised; antennal fovea deep, broad-oval ; intercostal very oblique, anterior to basal ; second recurrent nearly interstitial; second transverse cubital more than one-half as long as third; upper middle cell of hind wings exceeding lower; stigma robust; sheath narrow, obtusely pointed; cerci slender, tapering; rays of claws unequal. Color of head, thorax, basal plates, base of first dorsal sclerite, and bases of coxrc black; tip of sheath, posterior tarsi, and wing veins, including costa nearly to base, brown; stigma lighter; clypeus, bases of mandibles and labrum, yellowish white; outer angles of pronotum, teguloe, palpi, legs and abdomen, including cerci, yel- lowish ferruginous; upper orbits with slightly reddish tinge. One female. California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 61 26. Pteronus antennatus new species. Female. — Length G mm.; rather robust, shining; clypetis circularly but shallowly notched, lobes minute; ocellar basin distinctly defined, sides sharply raised; frontal crest broad, rounded, unbroken; antennal fovea deep, circular; antenna1 very long, slender, almost as long as body, joints 3 and isubequal; third cubital cell nearly twice as wide at apex as at base ; stigma very broad, regularly rounded beneath ; sheath strongly tapering toward rounded apex, nearly straight on upper mar- gin, with very short, inconspicuous pubescence; cerci short, spindle shaped; claws not deeply notched, rays subequal. Color of base of antenna?, more or less about ocelli, occiput, pronotum except outer angles, spot on anterior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot about cenchri, basal plates and base of first segment of abdomen, thorax beneath except centers of mesepiinera, hind femora except bases, tips of hind tibiae and their tarsi, brownish-black (one specimen has the thorax dorsally and the epimera altogether black); otherwise reddish ferruginous; coxa>, trochanters, bases of femora and anterior legs for the most part, and the mouth parts lighter yellowish; veins, including costa nearly to base, brown; stigma brown, paler basally; extreme apex of sheath brown. Two females. Xew Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species comes very near tricolor. 27. Pteronus ribesii Scopoli. 1763. Tenthredo ribesii Scopoli. Ent. Cam., p. 280.1 1866. Nematus ribis Walsh. Tract. Ent., I, p. 78. 1866. Xematus ventricosus Walsh. Pract. Ent., I, pp. 117-125. 1867. Xernatus ventricosus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 208. (Cat., etc., p. 70.) 1867. Nematus trimaculatus Fitch. Trans. X. Y. Agr. Soc, xxvn, pp. 909-932. 1867. Xematus trimaculatus Fitch. 12th Rept. Ins. N. Y., pp. 909-932. 1867. Xematus ventricosus Walsh. Pract. Ent., II, pp. 67, 116. 1869. Xematus ventricosus Walsh and Riley. Am. Ent., u, pp. 12-22. 1869. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Can. Ent., u, pp. 13-17. 1869. Xematus ventricosus Walsh. Can. Ent., ir, pp. 9-12; 31-33. 1869. Xematus ventricosfis Saunders. Can. Ent., n, pp. 47, 93, 112. 1869. Xematus ventricosus Bowles. Can. Ent., II, p. 115 1870. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Can. Ent., II, pp. 146-149. 1870. Xematus ventricosus Packard. Packard's Guide, p. 219. 1870. Xematus ventricosus Glover. Ann. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 77. 1871. Xematus ventricosus Bowles. Can. Ent., in, p. 7. 1871. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Can. Ent., in, pp. 25-27. 1871. Xematus ventricosus Jones. Can. Emt., in, p. 37. 1872. Xematus ventricosus Packard. 3d Mem. Peabody Acad., pp. 1-17. 1874. Xematus ventricosus Riley. 6th Rept. Ins. Mo., pp. 43, 149. ' The above bibliography omits all European literature except the first description and the last generic reference, and also many of the shorter or less important Ameri- can writings. 62 1874. Xematua ventricosus Provancher. Nat. Can., vi, pp. 186-192. 1874. Xematus ventricosus Cook. 4th Ann. Rept. St. Pom. Soc. Mich., pp. 379-380. 1874. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Can. Ent., VI, pp. 101-104. 1877. Xematus ventricosus Riley. 9th Rept. Ins. Mo., pp. 7, 10, 21-22. 1877. Xematus ventricosus Packard. 9th Rept. U. S. Geol. and Geog. Surv., 1875, p. 787. 1878. Xematus ventricosus Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 5G. 1879. Xematus ventricosus Riley. N. Y. Tribune, June 11, 1879. 1880. Xematus ventricosus Fuller. Am. Ent., ill, p. 92. 1880. Xematus ribesii Fletcher. Entom. Mag., xvi, p. 278. 1880. Xematus ventricosus Thomas. 5th Rept. (10) Ins. 111., p. 68. 1881. Xematus ventrii osus Coquillett. 11th Rept. Ins. 111., pp. 5, 46-48. 1882. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Can. Ent., xiv, p. 147. 1883. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. Proc. Am. Assn., xxxi, pp. 471-472. 1883. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. Psyche, iv. pp. 48-51. 1883. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. Can. Ent., XV, p. 200. 1883. Xt mains ventricosus Provancher. Petite Faune Ent. Can., II, p. 188. 1883. Nematua ventricosus Fylea. Can. Ent., xv, p. 205. 1883. Xematus ventricosus Riley. Stoddart's Encyclo. Amor.. I, pp. 135-142. 1883. Xematus ventricosus Saunders. Ins. Inj. to Fruits, pp. 339-312, 360. 1885. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. 2d Rept. Ins. X. V., pp. 217-221. 1886. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. N. E. Homestead, xx, p. 189. 1886. Xematus ventricosus Forbes. Entom. Amer.. n, p. 173. 1887. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. Popular Gardening, II, p. 120. 1887. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. Albany Express, xli, p. 2. 1888. Nematua ribesii Fertiald. Mass. Hatch Exp. Sta. Bull., 2, p. 7i 1888. Xematus ventricosus Lintner. 5th Rept. Ins. N. Y., pp. 156-157. 1888. Xematus ventricosus Harvey. Ann. Kept. Maine Exp. Sta., pp. 182-184. 1888. Xematus ventricosus Weed. 7th Ann. Rept. Ohio Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 152. 1889. Xematus ribesii Fletcher. Can. Ent., XXI, p. 150. 18S9. Xematus ventricosus Weed. Rail. Ohio Exp. Sta., II, No. 1, p. ti. 1889. Xematus ventricosus Hall. Ins. Life. I, p. 319. 1889. Xematus ventricosus Beckwith, Ball. IV, Del. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 15. 1889. Xematus ventricosus Riley and Howard. Ins. Life, I, p. 229. 1889. Xematus ventricosus Hnlst. Cull, xi.vi. N. J. Exp. Sta., p. 8. 1890. Pteronus ribesii Konow. Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., xxxiv, p. 246. 1890. Xematus ventricosus Hopkins. Ann. Rept. \V. Va. Exp. Sta., p. 153. 1891. Xematus ribesii Co<»k. Rept. Mich. Exp. Sta. 1890-91. 1891. Xematus ribesii Fletcher. Bull. 11, Can. Cent. Farm (May). 1892. Xematus ventricosus Garman. Bull. 40, Ky. Agr. Exp. Sta. (March). Female. — Length 7 to 7.5 mm.; very robust, short-bodied species; head rugose, punctured, thorax less so; clypeus very broadly and shal- lowly emarginate, sometimes almost truncate, lobes short and not very broad; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin not well defined, former entire or indistinctly broken ; antenna! fovea rather deep at apex, oval ; antennae slender, slightly tapering, third joint longest; intercostal vein considerably anterior to basal, usually at right angles to costa; second recurrent frequently interstitial ; third cubital cell usually not longer than outer transverse vein; upper middle cell of hind wings frequently not reaching apex of lower or outer veins interstitial, rarely upper cell exceeding lower cell; stigma moderately robust, rounded on lower mar- gin; sheath rather narrow, rounded at extremity, hairs short; cerci very slender and long, not tapering; claws with rays nearly equal. 63 Color of head above clypeus except triangle below antenna?, orbits, more or less of antenna? above, center of lobes of mesonotuin more or less of scutellum, lower half of mesepimera, metepisterna, extreme tips of posterior tibia?, posterior tarsi, and tip of sheath brownish black; balance of body and legs luteous; mouth parts, coxa4, and trochanters pallid. Male. — Length 6 mm.; body short, robust, in general as in female; clypeus scarcely emarginate, slightly produced at center, giving trilo- bed appearance; antenna? more robust than in female, joints 3 to 5 sub- equal; procidentia very broad, as broad as long, constricted at base; hypopygium very much narrowed toward apex, which is obtusely rounded. Color of head above clypeus, thorax, including all of epi- mera, basal plates, more or less of central dorsal area of abdomen, and extreme bases of posterior coxa' brownish black ; antenna?, tips of poste- rior tibia? and their tarsi, veins, and stigma brownish; antenna? lighter beneath ; mouth parts, pronotum tegulae, base of costa, legs, abdomen beneath, and more or less of lateral dorsal region luteous; orbits, lateral lobes, mesonotuin, and basal edges of scutellum more or less tinged with rufous. Twelve females and five males, from Canada to Missouri. (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soq.) 28. Pteronus edwardsii Cresson. 1880. Nematus edwardsii Cressou. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vin, p. 7. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus very slightly emar- ginate, almost truncate, lobes very broad ; frontal crest and sides of ocel- lar basin indistinctly elevated, vertex nearly smooth ; antennal fovea broad, triangular, shallow; antenna? tapering, almost as long as the entire body, joint 4 slightly longer than 3; intercostal vein posterior to basal, very little inclined; upper middle cell of hind wings very little exceeding lower; stigma elongate, acuminate; sheath very broad, short, obtusely pointed; cerci rather robust, tapering. Color of head and thorax except basal plates, posterior tarsi and tips of posterior tibia4, sheath, and cerci brownish black, tinged with rufous — the latter color occurring on the pronotum, teguke, lateral margin of lobes of meso- notum, sides of scutellum, and upper half of mesepimera; spot below antenna?, clypeus, labrum, palpi, legs, and abdomen, including basal plates, yellowish ferruginous; antenna? uuicolorous, black; wing veins, including stigma and costa, brownish. One female, Cresson's type. Marin County, Cal. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 29. Pteronus militaris Cresson. 1880. Nematus militaris Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vm, p. 7. 1886. Nematus militaris Provancher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 23. Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 14 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus deeply notched, lobes narrow; frontal crest prominent, some- 64 times slightly broken; antennal fovea shallow, indistinct; mouth parts with rather long yellowish hairs; antennae very slender, slightly taper- ing, as long a-s abdomen, fourth joint a little longer than third; inter- costal nerve frequently interstitial with basal, nearly at right angles with costa; upper cell of hind wings exceeding lower; third cubital cell scarcely at all divaricating apically; stigma not very robust, tapering apically; sheath obtusely pointed, straight on upper edge, narrow; cerci as long as terminal joint of antennas, slender; head and thorax, particularly on lower side, with short, sericeous pile; claws rather minutely cleft, inner ray shortest. Color of head except palpi and sometimes lobes of clypeus, anterior margin of pronotum, band along center of mesonotuin, metanotum, metepisterna, basal plates, abdomen above, including sheath and cerci, and tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi black; fore tarsi dusky; balance of thorax, venter of abdomen, and legs pale, ferruginous; the venter of abdomen more or less obscure with fuscous, sometimes very dark, approaching black; veins and stigma, including costa to base, dark brown. Two females from New Hampshire (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) and one each from Illinois and Washington (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mas.). 30. Pteronus thoracicus Harrington. 1893. Nematus thoracicus Harrington. Can. Ent., xxi, p. 58. 1895. Nematus thoracicus Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,xxu, p. 307. Female. — Length 6 mm.; robust; clypeus deeply notched, lobes nar- row; walls of ocellar basin rounded, crest unbroken; antennal fovea shallow, circular; venation about normal; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; sheath rather short and robust, regularly rounded at tip; claws evenly but not deeply notched. Color reddish yellow; an- tenna1, head except tip of clypeus and more or less of mouth parts, apical halt (sometimes all) of scutellum, metanotum, center of basal dorsal arcs of abdomen, and sheath black; tips of hind tibia' and the hind tarsi usually infuscated; veins, including stigma, brown; wings hyaline. Male. — Length 4.5 mm.; structurally in the main as in female; proci- dentia apparently nearly wanting. Color black; pronotum, teguhe, legs, and upper half of mesepimera and venter of abdomen yellowish ferruginous; hind tarsi infuscated. Eedescribed from the type specimen of female loaned by Mr. Har- rington and two bred specimens (male and female) received from H. G. Dyar, who reports the larvae (which he also describes) to feed singly on the lower surface of the leaves of Amelanchier canadensis. I have also examined five specimens, two from Washington and three from Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc). In some specimens the tergum is strongly infuscated and with more or less black on lobes of mesothorax. 65 31. Pteronus odoratus Dyar. 1894. Nematus salicis odoratus Dyar. Can. Entv xxvi, p. 187. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; short, robust, shining; head nearly spherical viewed laterally; clypeus rather narrowly and deeply emarginate; ocellar basin distinctly defined, sides acute, finely raised; frontal crest broad, somewhat broken at middle; antennal fovea broad, circular, shal- low; antenna1 longer than head and thorax, not very robust, tapering, joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation normal; stigma broadest at base, tapering regularly and acuminately to apex; sheath narrow, rounded at apex; cerci very short, robust; claws not deeply notched, rays sub- equal. Color of antennae, spot on vertex including ocelli extending back over occiput, mcsonotum, metanotum, abdomen dorsally except narrow lateral margin and apex, and apex of sheath black; scutellum basally and sutures of mesothorax inclined to reddish; posterior tibia1 and their tarsi slightly infuscated; antenna' inclined to ferruginous toward tip, especially beneath; entire venter and otherwise except as noted pallid; veins and stigma except extreme base of costa dark brown. Male. — Length 5 mm. ; moderately robust, shining; clypeus projecting, notch a complete semicircle, lobes long, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest not, or very slightly, notched; antennal fovea large, circular, deeply excavated; antennae very robust, flattened, taper- ing, joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation normal, except that the third cubital cell is nearly quadrangular; stigma elongate, regularly rounded on lower margin; procidentia short, narrow, rounded at apex; hypo- pygiuin liexed so as to appear strongly notched at apex; claws minutely notched, rays subequal. Color of antenna1, head above, frontal crest extending over occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen except narrow lateral margin black; face, mouth parts, orbits, lateral dorsal margin of abdomen above, and entire venter light yellowish; posterior tibiae, particularly at apex, and their tarsi strongly infuscated; nagelluin rufous beneath; veins, including stigma and costa, the latter to base, dark brown. This well-marked species seems to be the one characterized by Dyar (1. c), who also describes the eggs and larval stages. The eggs and larvae were found at Woods Hole, Mass., on willow. Seven females, one collected in August in Maine (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), three from Michigan, and three from Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Cornell Univ.). The male is characterized from a specimen (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) without locality label, evidently one of Walsh's judging from the pinning, and probably collected in Illinois. 32. Pteronus cornelli new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly, circularly emarginate, lobes rounded, not broad; ocellar basin deeply 13449— No. 3 5 66 and distinctly excavated; lateral walls rounded; frontal crest strongly developed, divided by narrow depressed line at middle; antenna! fovea deep; antennae slender, strongly tapering, joints 4 and 5 subequal; venation normal; sheath narrow, tapering to rounded tip; claws deeply and evenly notched. Color of antennae, large spot including ocelli and extending over vertex, dorsum of thorax, and abdomen black; posterior tibiae darker at tips, with tarsi brown; sheath brown; veins brown, stigma scarcely paler; face, orbits, pronotum, teguhe, entire venter, with lateral edges of dorsum of abdomen, pallid or resinous. Male. — Length 5 mm.; slender; antenna* not much stouter than in female; procidentia short, narrow, projecting about its own width. Color as in female, except that the antenna' are fulvous beneath and the pectus is strongly infuscated. Eleven females and live males (Coll. Cornell Univ.), labeled "Lot S5, sub. \)(ti," dated May to July, 1890. 33. Pteronus trilineatus Norton. 1867. Sennit us trilineatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i. p. 215. (Cat., etc., p. 77.) L872. Nematus trilineatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, iv, p. 7!». 1877. Nematus trilineatus Gloyer. Sept. U. 8. Dept. Auric, p. 92. 1880. Nematus eimilaris Norton. Kept, Ent. U. B. Dept. Agric 1879, p. 224, I'l III, fig- 1. 1881. Nematus trilineatus Thomas. lOtli Kept. Ent. 111., 18S0; p. 68. ,1885, Nematus robinia Forbes. 11th Bept. State Ent. 111., 1881, p. 116, PI. 12, fig. 5. 1886. Nematus similaris Harrington. Can. Ent., win, p. 39. 1886. Nematus similaris Provancher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym.,p. 24. L890. Nematus eimilaris Packard. Kept. U. S. Ent Comm., v, p. 369, fig. L36, 1890. Nematus robinia Packard. Kept. U. S. Ent. Comm., v, p. 370. L895. Nematus Hmilaris Dyar. 'Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxn, p. 301 (larva). Female. — Length x~~^ ,l-<-'i-» 35. Pteronus quercus new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm.; very robust, shining; clypeus nearly trun- cate, vertex smooth; ocellar basin indistinctly defined, sides rounded; frontal crest broad, unbroken; fovea defined only on anterior margin; antennae not much longer than head and thorax, slender, scarcely tapering, third joint longest; intercostal interstitial, nearly at right angles to costa; venation otherwise normal; stigma very broad, ovate; apex of costa greatly thickened, half as broad as stigma ; sheath robust, densely clothed with long, whitish hairs at apex and on lower margin; cerci short; claws large, deeply cleft. Color of spot on vertex includ- ing ocelli extending back over occiput, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen except narrow lateral margin black dorsally; antennae brown- ish, inclined to ferruginous beneath; body otherwise pallid; legs, meso- epimera, border of spot on vertex, slightly inclined to reddish; veins yellowish brown; stigma and costa yellowish. One female, bred from larva found in June on oak at Ithaca, N. Y., by Mr. Trelease. Adult emerged March 22. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) This insect may fall in the genus Pontania. 36. Pteronus hyalinus new species. Female. — Length 7 mm. ; rather robust, shining; clypeus very broadly, but not deeply. emarginate; ocellar basin with distinctly defined walls; 68 crest prominent, unbroken; fovea deeply excavated but not distinctly limited; antennae very slender, tapering-, joint 4 a little longer than 3; venation normal, except that the intercostal vein is nearly interstitial witli basal; sheath narrow, tapering- to rounded tip; claws coarsely but not very deeply notched, rays subequal. Color of antennae, large sf)ot including ocelli extending over vertex, mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen dorsally black; orbits, face beneath frontal crest, pronotuin, teguhe, lateral area of thorax, abdomen above, venter and legs alto- gether yellowish or pallid; pectus brown; tips of posterior tibia1, tarsi and extreme edge of sheath brownish; stigma and costa hyaline; veins otherwise brown. One female, reared by Mr. 11. G. Dyar from a solitary larva taken feeding on edge of leaf of white birch. The larva was described by Mr. Dyar under the name of Nematus lateralis Norton. (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, 1895, p. 307.) 37. Pteronus vertebratus Say. 1836. Nematus vertebratus Say. Host. Jouru. Nat. Hist., i, p. 218. 1859. Nematus vertebratus Leconte, Say, Ent., n. p. 678. 1861. Nematus vertebratus Norton. Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist. , vm, p. 158. IStjT. Nematus vertebratus Norton. Trans. Am, Ent. Soc, I, p, 215. (Cat., etc., p. 77.) 1880. Nematus dorsivittatus ( Iresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vm, p. 10. L895. Nematus dorsivittatus Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 303. Female. — Length (J mm.; rather robust, shining-; clypeus distinctly but not very broadly emarginate, lobes rounded; sides of ocellar basin distinctly, rather sharply raised ; frontal crest rounded, broken at mid- dle; antenna] fovea circular, shallow; antennae very long, slender, considerably longer than head and thorax; joints 3 to 5 subequal; vena- tion normal: stigma moderate, circular on lower margin; sheath rather pointed, lower margin regularly rounded, upper straight or slightly concave, bordering hairs very minute; cerci slender, scarcely tapering; claws not very deeply notched, rays subequal. Color light yellowish; autenme, spot on vertex including ocelli extending back over occiput, lobes of mesonotum except lateral edges, metanotum, and tergum centrally except apex of last sclerite black or dark brown; antenme lighter beneath ; upper margins of hind tibia* and their tarsi more or less infuscated; extreme tip of sheath brownish; veins brownish, including costa nearly to base; stigma uuicolorous, pale. Male. — Length 4 mm.; slender, sinning; antenme as long as the body of the insect; structurally in general as the female; antennal joints decreasing uniformly in length from third to tip; fovea somewhat tri- angular, extending laterally over base of antenna1; procidentia narrow, nearly twice as long as wide, slightly notched at tip. Color of antennae basally above, spot including ocelli and extending over occiput, meso- notum, metanotum, and dorsum of abdomen black; face below frontal crest, orbits, pronotuin, teguhe and entire venter, yellowish; antennae 69 fulvous beneath and toward tip, somewhat infuscated above; poste- rior tibiae and tarsi infuscated; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale. Two females. Nevada and California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) What is possibly the male of this species is described from speci- mens received from Mr. H. G. Dyar, labeled " S. F. 3H.1' Cresson's dor- si rittat us can not be distinguished from this species from the descrip- tion, and seems synonymous with it. The type of vertebratus is lost. According to Mr. H. G. Dyar, who describes the egg and the larval stages from specimens collected at Plattsburg, N. Y., this species is a solitary edge feeder on poplar. 38. Pteronus integer Say. 1836. Nematus integer Say. Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., i, p. 218. 1859. Nematus integer Leconte. Say Ent., n, p. 679. 1861. Nematua integer Norton. Proe. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vni, p. 158. 1867. Nematus integer Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 216. (Cat., etc., p. 78.) 1883. Nematua integer Packard. Kept. V. S. Ent., pp. 119-150. 1890. Nematua integer Packard. Kept. II. S. Ent. Comm., v, pp. 838-840. Female. — Length G to 6..~> mm.; robust, shining; clypeus circularly emarginate, lobes small, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly limited; frontal crest large, slightly broken at middle; antennal fovea expand- ing basally; antennae very long, slender, distinctly tapering; stigma not very broad; venation normal; cerci robust, tapering; sheath rather narrow, slightly concave above, rounded at apex; claws not very deeply notched, inner ray distinctly shorter than outer. Color of spot on head, including ocelli and extending to bases of antenna1, center of anterior lobes of mesonotum, metanotum, and central portion of abdomen dor- sally brownish black; antenna' dark brown, reddish beneath and apic- ally; tibia1 and tarsi slightly infuscated; sheath narrowly tipped with brown; body otherwise x>allid; veins, including costa, light yellowish brown ; stigma yellowish hyaline. Two females. Colorado and New Jersey. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 39. Pteronus mendicus Walsh. 1866. Nematus mendicus Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 261. 1867. Nematus trivittatua Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 218. (Cat., etc., p. 80.) 1867. Nematus mendicus Norton.- Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 220. (Cat., etc, p. 82.) 1878. Nematus mendicus Provanclier. Nat. Can. x, p. 58. 1883. Nematus mendicus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 191. 1895. Nematus mendicus Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxn, p. 302. Female. — Length 5 to G mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus broadly but not deeply notched, lobes rounded; ocellar basin with dis- tinctly defined but rounded lateral walls; frontal crest prominent, broken at middle, or strongly bitubercnlate; antennal fovea broad, shallow ; autennaj longer than head and thorax, very slender, tapering, 70 joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation normal; stigma broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath tapering, straight or slightly concave on upper margin; cerci short, robust; claws deeply cleft, rays unequal. Color very light yellowish; very narrow border of ocelli, small spot on occiput, sometimes line on anterior lobe of mesonotum, spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum (sometimes subobsolete), apex of scntellum, spot between eenchri, brownish black ; posterior tibia' and tarsi very slightly infuscated; antennae brown ferruginous, the latter color predominating toward tip; sheath sometimes tipped with brown; veins light yellowish brown; costa and stigma greenish hyaline. Male. — Length 4.5 too mm.; slender, shining; structural characters in general of female; procidentia narrow, projecting, squarely truncate at apex, about as wide as long. Color of antennae above and basally, large spot on vertex including ocelli and extending over occiput and covering entire base of head, mesonotum, metanotuin. and abdomen except lateral margins of segments black; upper orbits, venter, abdo- men, and legs for the most part yellowish ferruginous: lower orbits and face below frontal crest and month parts pallid; tibiae and tarsi, particu- larly posterior pair, in fnsrated ; lower surface of llagelhun rufous; veins brown: costa and stigma somewhat lighter, yellowish brown. Nine females, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), and from Missouri, Kansas, and Iowa (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mns.). Three males. Massachusetts and California. (Coll. Am. Bnt. Soc.) For a discussion of the habits of this species, which Mr. Walsh erro- neously supposed to be inquilinous in the galls of other Nematines, see Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., in, p. 267. Mr. II. C. Dyar has described the early stages from material collected on willow in New York City and at Plattsburg, N. Y. 40. Pteronus vancouverensis new species. Female. — Length 6.5 to 7 mm.: not very robust, shining: clypeus broadly emarginate, lobes broad: antennal basin with sharply raised defining walls ; crest prominent, bilobed or bituberculate; fovea not distinctly defined; antennae slender, elongate, fourth joint a little longer than third: venation normal; sheath narrow, tapering, pointed; claws very minutely but evenly cleft. Color pallid, inclined to resinous; antenna* black above, yellowish beneath; anterior lobes of mesonotum brownish, infuscated centrally; tip of scntellum with spot on either side and spots on center of metanotuin black: costa and stigma hyaline, veins otherwise dark brown; extremities of legs very slightly infuscated, together with extreme tip of sheath. Male. — Length G mm.; .slender, shining; procidentia projecting con- siderably more than its width, narrow, squarely truncate at tip; claws minutely and evenly cleft. Color of antenna? above, large spot includ- ing ocelli and extending over vertex and occiput, lobes of mesonotum except scutellum and metanotuin, most of basal abdominal segment 71 above, together with transverse stripe on each of succeeding seg- ments, dark brown or black ; mouth parts, orbits, and area about base of antennae, pronotum, tegulae, scutellum, venter with most of lateral dorsal area of abdomen and sutures of segments, and legs yellowish resinous; face paler; hind tibiae and tarsi slightly infuscated; antennae yellowish beneath. Four females. Vancouver Island, Alameda and Placer County, Cal., and Nevada. (Colls. IT. S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soc.) One male. Alameda, Cal., Mr. Koebele, collector. (Coll. 0 . S. Nat. Mus.) 41. Pteronus koebelei new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobes broad, rounded; ocellar basin sharply defined; crest unbroken at middle, straight; antenna! fovea very broad, extending laterally from base of antennae; venation normal, except that the sides of the third cubital cell are parallel; stigma broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath regularly tapering on upper and lower margins to rounded apex, hairs very minute except at extreme apex, where a small tuft of longer hairs occurs; cerci long, slender, slightly tapering; claws deeply notched, rays nearly equal. Color light greenish yellow, with purple tinge on head and thorax; spot including ocelli, more or less of base of head, spot on anterior extremity of the middle lobe of meso- notum extending backward in a narrow line, spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, one on either side of scutellum, two just within the cen- chri, and small spots on basal plates black; antennae black, sometimes ferruginous beneath; legs, especially tarsi, with distinct greenish cast; veins brown, stigma and costa greenish yellow. Five females. California and Oregon. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 42. Pteronus pinguidorsum Dyar. 1895. Nematus pinguidorsum Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxn, p. 303. Female. — Length 8 mm.; robust, shining; clypeus deeply, circularly emarginate, lobes broad, circular, rounded at tip; ocellar, basin dis- tinctly defined, lateral walls not very sharply raised, crest unbroken, fovea deep, extending laterally over bases of antennae ; antennae slender, tapering, joints 3 and 4 subequal; venation normal; stigma narrow, sides almost parallel, rather abruptly truncate at tip ; sheath robust, obliquely truncate at tip ; claws strong, deeply notched. Color light yellow, inclined to pallid; small spot connecting ocelli, antennae above, and anterior edge of cenchri dark brown or black; anterior lobes of mesonotum brownish purple, head above tinged with purple; antennae beneath yellowish; posterior tibiae toward tips and all tarsi very slightly infuscated; extreme tip of sheath brown; stigma yellow ; veins dark brown; wings hyaline. 72 One female, Dyar's type. Mr. H. G. Dyar characterizes the last larval stages from solitary larva? found on the edges of the leaves of white birch at Keene Valley, N. Y. 43. Pteronus unicolor new species. Female. — Length 6 mm.; moderately robust, shining; clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate, lobes small, rather pointed; ocellar basin distinctly denned; frontal crest narrow, unbroken; antennal fovea broad, rounded, subtriangular, deeply excavated; venation normal; stigma elongate, acuminate; sheath tapering on lower margin to rather pointed apex, superior margin straight or but slightly convex; claws deeply notched, rays equal. Color uniformly yellowish ferruginous, the latter color most noticeable on vertex, dorsum of thorax and abdomen and the tips of hind femora, all the tibiae and tarsi; veins brown, except extreme base of stigma, which is white; costa somewhat paler than other veins, especially at base. One female. California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 44. Pteronus longicornis new species. Male. — Length G to 7 mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus shal- lowly and broadly emarginate; sides of ocellar basin and frontal area rounded, indistinct; antennal fovea shallow, indistinct; antenna? very long, slightly tapering, nearly as long as body, joints nodose at tips, lower ones flattened, joints 3 to 5 subequal; procidentia very broad, one-third as wide as last segment, rounded at tip, strongly constricted basally; claws deeply notched, rays subequal; intercostal vein nearly at right angles to costa and its own length anterior to basal vein ; third cubital cell nearly twice as wide at apex as at base and three to four times as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; stigma rather broad, ovate, rounded beneath, with slight angle near center. Color black; clypeus, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, narrow lateral mar- gin of abdomen with posterior margin of the central segments and the two terminal segments, venter of abdomen, and legs yellowish ferru- ginous; tips of the posterior tibia' and their tarsi, black; veins, includ- ing stigma and costa, the latter nearly to base, dark brown. Many specimens. Michigan, New York, and Long Island (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.), and Massachusetts and Canada (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 45. Pteronus iridescens Cresson. 1880. Nematus iridescens Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vm, p. 5. Male. — Length 5 to 6 mm.; not very robust, shining; clypeus circu- larly and rather deeply emarginate; ocellar basin large, lateral walls and frontal crest distinctly defined, the latter unbroken; antennal fovea very shallow, indistinct, elongate; antennae robust, flattened, short, not much longer than head and thorax, tapering, joints 3 and 4 73 subequal; procidentia narrow, truncate, not projecting; claws not very deeply notched, rays subequal; intercostal vein at right angles to costa; third cubital cell elongate, scarcely divaricating 5 stigma not very broad, rounded on lower margin; venation otherwise normal. Color black: clypeus, labrum, palpi, extreme angles of pronotum, tegulae, apices of coxa*, tips of femora, including nearly all of anterior x>airs, anterior tibiae, and tarsi more or less light yellowish; posterior tibia' and tarsi infuscated, anterior tarsi indistinctly so; veins dark brown, including costa nearly to base; stigma brown, unicolorous. Two males, Cresson's type specimens, from Nevada and one from southern California. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 4G. Pteronus decoratus Provancher. 1888. Nematus decoratus Provancher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 309. Male. — Length 5.5 mm. ; rather robust, shining ; clypeus very broadly, rather shallowly emarginate, lobes small, rounded; ridges about ocellar basin indistinct and rounded ; vertex smooth, glistening ; antennal fovea scarcely present; antennae rather stout, tapering, not longer than head and thorax, joints 3 to 5 subequal; procidentia minute, scarcely project- ing; venation normal; stigma not very broad; apex of costa greatly enlarged, almost as large as stigma; claws deeply cleft, inner ray par- allel with outer. Color black, shining; orbits, face below antennae, pronotum, tegulae, and legs for the most part pallid; femora except line on under side, apices of hind tibiae together with lower edges of same, and the hind tarsi brown; hind coxa3 brown, except at tip; wings nearly hyaline, veins yellowish brown, stigma and costa somewhat paler. Redescribed from Provancher's type specimen, kindly loaned me by Abbe Huard. The specimen was collected in Florida by Mr. Ashmead. It is distinct from any other known species of the genus and represents the extreme southern range of this group of sawflies. In characters of the vertex it is not typical of the genus to which it is assigned, although in characters of claw and otherwise it seems to be a Pteronus. 47. Pteronus lombardse new species. Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather slender, shining; clypeus shallowly but distinctly emarginate; vertex smooth, glistening; ridges about ocellar basin rounded but distinct; venation normal ; intercostal very slightly inclined ; stigma moderately broad, rounded on lower margin ; procidentia narrow, short, blunt; claws rather minutely notched, rays subequal. Color black; clypeus, labrum, palpi, tegulae, and legs from trochanters outward except posterior tibiae and tarsi yellowish ferru- ginous; posterior tibiae, except bases, and their tarsi strongly infus- cated; veins and stigma dark brown; wings very faintly infuscated, almost hyaline. 74 Three males, one from Lanskig, Mich., labeled " Lombardy poplar," and two specimens bred from larvae on willow by Mr. Dyar (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). Mr. Dyar, for whom I determined as above some bred males, thinks this may prove a seasonal form of ventral is (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxu, 1805, p. 305). Mr. Dyar's specimens were obtained in New York on Salix, and, together with the types, present what seem to be .n'ood specific differences from ventralis. 48. Pteronus dubius new species. Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; clypens broadly emarginate, almost trun- cate; frontal crest very large, strongly angled anteriorly, lateral walls of basin tapering rapidly posteriorly; antenna! fovea narrow, breaking slightly through crest; antennae robust, flattened, joints 4 and 5 a little longer than 3j venation about normal; second recurrent interstitial or nearly so in fore wings and the outer veins of discal cells interstitial in hind wings; stigma rather narrow, rounded on lower margin; pro- cidentia short, not very broad, apex rounded; claws deeply divided, rays subeqnal. Color black, shining: clypens and other mouth parts and extending to eyes whitish; narrow line on venter of abdomen, including all of hypopygium and the legs, ferruginous yellow; bases of coxae black: wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown. One male. Welleslev, Mass., March 20. (Coll. V. S. Nat. Mus.) 40. Pteronus stigmatus Norton. 1861. Nematus stigmatus | Harris* Norton. Proc. Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., vm, p. 161. lstiT. Nematus stigmatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 221. (Cat., etc., p. 83.) Female. — Color greenish Lnteons; body short and stoat; antennae moderate, the two basal joints black; a small black spot about each of ocelli ; clypens hardly emarginate; labrnm angnlate, hairy; part of mesothorax, the metathorax, the first seven segments of tergam and ovipositor sheaths, and a spot on pleura below wings black; legs pale; tips of tarsi and claws blackish; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale green. One female. Massachusetts. (Harris's Coll.) • It has the size and form of K. monochroma. 50. Pteronus monochroma Norton. 1801. Nematus monochroma (Harris) Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vm, p. 161. 1867. Nematus monochroma Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 221. (Cat., etc., p. 83.) Female. — Color honey yellow; body stout; antenna? wanting, except two basal joints, which are color of body; ocelli black, set in an irregular depression; clypens retracted, crenate; labrnm angnlate; face immaculate; teguhe, collar, venter, and coxa' paler than rest of bodj"; pleura dark, almost piceus; legs color of body; wings hyaline ; stigma and costa pale yellow. One female. Massachusetts. (Harris's Coll.) Resembles N. luteus, of Europe. 75 The last two species, Nos. 49 and 50, I have been unable to recog- nize in the material examined. The type specimens are lost, and I quote without alteration Norton's original descriptions. IX. Genus AMAURONEMATUS Konow. Amauronemafus Konow. Deutsche Entom. Zeits., xxxiv, 1890, p. 237. Body large; clypeus emarginate at apex; claws bifid; antenna1 short, subsetaceous, usually black; stigma elongate, ovate at base, elongate-acuminate toward apex; head, mesonotum, and mesopleura finely and closely punctured and more or less opaque; head subtriangular; labium long, protruding; sheath of female thick, usually large. This genus, characterized as above by Konow, includes a group of distinctly differentiated and closely allied species, the American repre- sentatives of which may be separated by the aid of the following table: TABLE OF SPECIES. Inner tooth of claw small and comparatively inconspicuous 1. luteipes Cr. Inner tootli or ray of claw large and nearly parallel with outer. Body black dorsally ; wings smoky. Legs altogether black. Venter of abdomen black; clypeus nearly truncate at apex. 2. concolor Xort. Venter of abdomen pale; clypeus distinctly emargiuate. 3. comstocki n. sp. Tibia- yellowish. Clypeus and labruni pale; walls of oeellar basin distinctly defined. 4. gracilis n. sp. Clypeus and labrum black; walls of oeellar basin somewhat indistinct. 5. rapax Cr, Body black dorsally; wings hyaline. Abdomen black ventrally. Legs, except apical half of hind tibiae, red 6. rufipes n. sp. Legs black except at joints 7. cooTci n. sp. Legs with tips of the femora and the tibiae and tarsi pale. Pronotum and teguhe black; clypeus circularly emarginate. 8. borealis Marlatt. Pronotum and teguhe pale margined; clypeus nearly truncate. 9. nigrofemoratm Cr. Pronotum broadly margined and tegnlse altogether pale; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobes triangular 10. orbitalis n. sp. Abdomen pale ventrally 11. oregonensis n. sp. Head and thorax usually more or less marked with black. Abdomen black dorsally. Stigma broadest at base; lobes of clypeus broad, rounded. 12. fulvipes Nort. Stigma widest at middle; lobes of clypeus small, triangular. 13. pectoralis Cr. Abdomen yellow ; wings smoky; legs black 14. luteotergumfZoTt. Abdomen yellow; wings clear or nearly so; legs pale. Antenna1 moderately robust, strongly tapering; sheath elongate, narrow, scarcely tapering, tip rounded. 76 Crest broken; mesonotum with three black stripes. 15. discolor Cr. Crest slightly or not at all broken ; mesonotum pule or with a single narrow stripe 16. Jincaitis Harr. Antenna* moderately robust, strongly tapering ; sheath strongly tapering toward tip, latter obtusely pointed. Anterior lobes, mesonotum, and tip of scutel black. Stigma and costa dark brown 17. ehalceus n. sp. Stigma and costa yellow 18. coquilletti n. sp. Anterior lobes, etc., pale 19. brunnew Nort * Antennae moderately robust, strongly tapering; sheath as above, but sharply produced at tip ; clypeus deeply emarginate. 20. excavatus n. sp. Antennae long and slender, setaceous 21. califonticus n. ep. INDEX TO SPECIES OF AMAUKONEMATUS. borealis Marlatt, $ 8 I gracilis n. sp., 9 4 brunn ens Norton, 9 19 lineatus Harrington, 9 16 on li torn ic us n. sp., $ 21 luteipes Cresson, 9 1 ehalceus n. sp., 9 17 comstoeki n. sp., 9 3 concolor Norton, J 2 cookin. sp., $ 7 coquilletti n. sp., 9 18 discolor Cresson, 9 15 excavatus n. sp., 9 20 fulvipes Norton, 9 12 Inteotergum Norton, 9 14 nigrofemoratns Cresson, 9 9 orbitalis n. sp., 9 10 oregOD.enslsn.8p., 9 H pectoralis Cresson, 9 13 rn pa x Cresson, $ 5 rnfipesn. sp., $ 6 1. Amauronematus luteipes Cresson. 1880. Nematua luteipes Cresson. Trans, Am. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 6. Female. — Length G.5 mm.; exp. al. 14 mm.; very robust, shining; finely pubescent; clypeus deeply and circularly emarginate, lobes nar- row, rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct or wanting; antenna] fovea very shallow, almost wanting; antenna' short, not much longer than head and thorax, rather slender, scarcely taper- ing, joints 3, 4, and 5 subequal; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal; third cubital cell scarcely longeron upper margin than wide at base; discal cells of hind wings with outer veins interstitial or nearly so ; sheath narrow, obliquely truncate at apex; inner ray of claw minute, tooth like, and very near apex. Color brownish black; clypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, orbits, particularly posteriorly, angles of pronotum, tegulae and legs except bases of coxre, more or less of apical margin of segments of abdomen, particularly ventrally, yellowish fulvous; sheath and cerci fulvous; veins, including stigma and costa, brown; wings slightly infuscated. One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) In the structure of the claw, this species diverges somewhat from the genus to which it is now assigned and approaches the structure occur- ring in Fachynematus. In general characters, however, it falls under Amauronematus. 77 2. Amauronematus concolor Norton. 1867. Nematm concolor Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 196. (Cat., etc., p. 58.) 1867. Nematus violaceipennis. Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 201. (Cat., etc., p. 63.) 1886. Nema tus concolor Provancher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 22. Male. — Length G.o to 7 mm.; exp. al. 15 to 10 mm.; slender species; clypeus very slightly emarginate, almost truncate; crest and sides of ocellar basin nearly obsolete, indistinct; antennal fovea small, very elongate; antennae longer than head and thorax, rather robust, flat- tened, fourth joint longer than third ; intercostal its own length anterior to basal, strongly inclined; third cubital more than twice as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; procidentia very minute and squarely truncate or broadly excavated at apex; hypopygium broad and squarely truncate at apex, or slightly emarginate. Color black, with hairy pubescence on sides of thorax; clypeus, labium, cheeks, and bases of mandibles whitish; upper and outer orbits faintly tinged with rufous; wings infuscated; veins, including costa and stigma, brown. Two males. Maine and Michigan. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mas.) A single male collected in Massachusetts agrees exactly with the above in all structural characters, and differs only in that the abdomen is lighter, inclining to reddish, strongly infuscated, especially on the tip and base. This is Norton's Nematus violaceipemiis, which undoubt- edly belongs to concolor. I have seen a specimen also from Natick, Mass., collected April 19. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 3. Amauronematus comstocki new species. Female. — Length 9 mm.; rather elongate, slender; clypeus very shal- lowly emarginate; walls of ocellar basin rounded, indistinct, frontal crest almost wanting ; antennal fovea shallow, elongate ; antennae short, joints 3 to 5 subequal, fourth longest; wing venation normal, stigma slightly angulated near middle; sheath obliquely truncate at tip. Color dull black; oral region, together with outer orbits and triangle at base of antenme, most of pronotum, and venter of abdomen yellowish white; labium and palpi dark brown, pronotum marked with one or more circular brown spots; apical ventral segments more or less brown; sheath black; legs uniformly black, including joints; wings strongly infuscated; veins black. One female. Ithaca, N. Y., May 2. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) This species is very closely allied to gracilis in general appearance, but seems to be distinct by the structural characters of the vertex as well as colorationally. A. concolor Norton, of which males only are known, approaches this species very closely, and breeding records may eventually show the two speciesto be identical. 78 4. Amauronematus gracilis new species. Female. — Length 8 mm.; elongate, slender; clypeus rather broadly and shallowly emarginate, lobes triangular; walls of ocellar basin dis- tinctly defined; crest narrow, not extending laterally, slightly broken by deeply excavated, elongate autennal fovea; fourth joint of antennae longer than third; upper discal cell of hind wings very elongate and considerably exceeding lower; sheath somewhat elongate, rounded at apex; cerci very long and filiform. Color dull brownish black; tri- angle between bases of antenna4, orbits and oral region, angles of pro- notum, more or less of apical ventral segments, joints of legs, includ- ing most of the anterior tibiae, yellowish; stigma and wing veins dark brown; wings slightly infnscated; labium and palpi brown. Two females. Ithaca, N. Y., May 8, and Natick, Mass., April 19. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 5. Amauronematus rap ax (J res son. 1880. Nematus rapax Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, p. 4. Male. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 17 mm.; clypeus circularly but not deeply eniarginate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin subobso- lete; antennal fovea broad, shallow, not sharply limited, and extending indistinctly into ocellar basin; antenna' robust, flattened, not longer than head and thorax, joints 3 to 5 Bubequal, fourth and fifth slightly longer than third; venation normal; stigma broadest near base, taper- ing uniformly to attenuated apex; procidentia small, strongly keeled, truncate; hypopygium narrow at tip, slightly eniarginate; outer ray of claw distinctly longer than inner. Color black, with hoary pubescence, particularly on thorax and legs; tips of femora, tibia', and two anterior pairs of tarsi, fulvous ; outer orbits tinged with rufous; wings distinctly but not strongly infnscated. One male. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) (J. Amauronematus rufipes new species. Male. — Length 1) mm.; very slender, elongate; clypeus very broadly eniarginate; ocellar basin distinctly defined but not deeply excavated; frontal crest not strongly developed, fovea triangular; antennae very long and slender, fourth joint longest, nearly a third longer than third joint; first cubital cross vein wanting; stigma very elongate, narrow, acuminate; upper cell of lower wings exceeding lower by one-third its length; procidentia short, more than twice as broad as long, truncate; claws coarsely notched. Color black, shining; basal joint of maxillary palpi, all of legs except apical half of imsterior tibia?, reddish; tarsi inclined to yellowish, more or less infuscated, particularly posterior pair; wings hyaline; veins dark brown ; costa, including tegulae, some- what paler. • One male. Indiana. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 79 7. Amauronematus cooki new species. Male. — Length 5 mm.; clypeus moderately and rather narrowly emarginate, lobes small, rounded; frontal crest not extending at all laterally, slightly broken by the shallow antennal fovea; sides of pen- tagonal area rounded, indistinct; furrows running from occiput to base of antennae wide and deep; antenna4 longer than head and thorax, joints 4 and 5 subequal, longer than 3; venation normal; procidentia short, squarely truncate with sharp angles, keeled; claws deeply notched. Color black; clypeus, oral region and beneath eyes whitish; joints of legs, with more or less of anterior face of tibia and apices of femora, yellowish; wings hyaline; stigma and veins, including costa nearly to base, dark brown ; extreme angles of pronotum sordid yellowish. One male. Michigan. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 8. Amauronematus borealis Marlatt. 1892. Xematns borealis Marlatt. Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., 1892, p. 133. Male. — Length o* mm.; exp. al. 14 mm.; head and thorax coarsely punctured, body generally more or less shining, particularly the abdo- men; clypeus circularly but not deeply emarginate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct; antennal fovea elongate; antennas rather stout, flattened, joints 4 and 5 with downward curve, fourth joint longest; third submarginal cell very narrow at base, not much more than one-third as wide as at apex; venation otherwise normal; stigma widest and slightly angulated one-third from base, tapering regularly to acuminate apex; procidentia narrow, short, constricted at base, truncate at apex; hypopygium narrow, rounded at tip; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color black; labrum, tip of abdomen, tips of femora, the tibhe and tarsi, except terminal joints of latter, yellowish or resinous; wings perfectly hyaline; veins dark brown, including costa to base; stigma luteous, with narrow brown border. One male. Disco Island. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 9. Amauronematus nigrofemoratus Cresson. 1880. Xemat us nigrofemoratus Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, p. 4. Female. — Length 0.5 mm. ; exp. al. 1G mm. ; very robust; clypeus very slightly emarginate, almost truncate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct; antennal fovea shallow, not distinctly defined, elon- gate; antennae short, hardly as long as head and thorax, third to fifth joints subequal; intercostal cross vein very near basal, strongly inclined; venation otherwise normal; stigma broadest at base; sheath rather large, rounded on both sides toward the obtuse tip, which bears a dense scopa; cerci slender, medium, scarcely tapering. Color in general black; entire body, particularly the thorax, with a fine sericeus pile; upper and outer orbits, edge of angles of pronotum, border of tegulae, spot below eyes, tip of clypeus and the labium, trochanters, tips of 80 coxa?, tips of femora, tibiae except extreme tips, yellowish; tips of tibiae, especially posterior pair, tarsi, and palpi infuscated; wings hyaline; veins, including* stigma and costa, brown. One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 10. Amauronematus orbitalis new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 15 mm.; rather slender; head and thorax finely punctured but more or less shining; abdomen more so; pubescence very minute; clypeus circularly, broadly, and rather deeply emarginate, lobes triangular, sharply pointed; frontal crest slightly broken; side walls of ocellar basin not very distinct; antennal fovea very minute, circular; antenna' very short, not nearly so long as head and thorax, third to fifth joints subequal; intercostal cross vein not half its length anterior to basal; third cubital cell not twice as long as wide at base. Dearly quadrate; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial, or nearly so; venation otherwise normal; stigma narrow, tapering; sheath large, upper edge straight; cerei very long, slender, scarcely tapering. Color black: upper and outer orbits very broadly, inner orbits narrowly, beneath base of antennae, clypeus, cheeks, outer angles of pronotum, teguhe. apices of coxa-, trochanters, inner and outer laces of femora, tibia-, tarsi, apex of abdomen beneath, yellowish ful- vous: face inclined to pallid; tips of tarsi, particularly posterior pair, fuscous: sheath and cerei dark brown, almost black; veins brown, except basal two-thirds of costa; stigma brown, somewhat lighter cen- trally, especially at base. Two females. Oregon and Colorado (Gillette). (Coll. U. S.Nat. Mas.) 11. Amauronematus oregonensis new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 15 mm.; head and thorax finely punctured; abdomen shining; clypeus very slightly, circularly emargi- nate: frontal crest large and broken; ocellar basin not very distinctly defined; antennal- fovea distinct, circular; antenna*, very slender, scarcely tapering, fourth joint longest; venation normal; stigma narrow, acuminate: sheath narrow, rounded; cerei slender, long, not tapering; cla w s deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color black ; triangle beneath anten- na', orbits broadly except narrowly on inner side, cheeks, clypeus, labium, bases of mandibles, palpi, angles of pronotum, tegula?, abdomen beneath, apical margin of penultimate and all of the last dorsal segment, coxae except at base, trochanters and legs whitish, the face being pallid and seinitransparent ; legs inclined to fuscous on upper and lower margins, and the tarsi strongly infuscated; sheath and cerei black, the venter more or less spotted with brown; wings hyaline; veins including costa except at extreme base, brown; stigma transparent along the center. Two females. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 81 A specimen from Mr. Dyar differs from the above only in the darker- colored wing veins. 12. Amauronematus fulvipes Xorton. 1861. Nematus fulvipes (Harris) Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vni, p. 160. 1867. Xematus fu I vipes Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 212. (Cat., etc, p. 74.) 1882. Xematus semirufus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., I, p. 148. Female. — Length 6 mm.; exp. al. 14 mm.; a short, robust species; clypens shallowiy, rather broadly eraargiuate, lobes short, broad; fron- tal crest short, strongly raised, and scarcely broken ; sides of ocellar basin indistinct or wanting; antenna! fovea small, shallow, circular; antennae medium, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal; intercostal cross vein very little anterior to basal, and oblique; venation normal; stigma broad near base, tapering regularly to apex ; sheath very broad, obliquely truncate, upper augle obtusely pointed; cerci minute, very slender. Spot including ocelli and extending to base of antenna4, cen- ter of lobes of mesonotum, apical half of scutellum, metanotum, the abdomen dorsally, sheath, lower half of mesepimera, black; frontal crest, head below antenna}, orbits, pronotum, legs, and venter of abdo- men pallid luteous; sutures of mesonotum, upper half of mesepimera, luteous, inclining to reddish; veins yellowish brown; stigma somewhat lighter, particularly at base; tarsi and posterior tibia*, labium, and palpi very slightly infuscated. One female. Maine. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 13. Amauronematus pectoralis Cresson. 1880. Xematus pectoralis Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. viii, p. 9. Female. — Length G.5 mm.; exp. al. 15 nun.; clypeus broadly emargi- nate, lobes small, triangular; frontal crest large, not distinctly defined, unbroken; anteunal fovea minute, circular, shallow; antenna} short, slender, tapering, fourth joint slightly longer than third; intercostal anterior to basal vein; third cubital cell three times as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; stigma not very robust, widest at mid- dle, lower margin circular; sheath moderately robust, obtusely pointed ; claws large, rays subequal. Spot on head inclosing ocelli, with branches running to base of antennae, antenmr, spot on anterior lobe and small spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum with spot on following sclerite, metanotum, dorsum of abdomen except terminal segment and narrow lateral margin, sheath, lower half of mesepimera except pectoral spot, upper and lower edges and bases of femora, and extreme bases of coxa} piceus; prothorax beneath, labium, and palpi fuscous; tibiae and tarsi somewhat infuscated; head and thorax except as noted, abdomen beneath, and legs yellowish ferruginous, inclined to reddish on head and sutures of thorax and mesepimera; veins light yellowish brown ; stigma and costa somewhat lighter. 13449— No. 3 6 82 In some specimens the mesepimera are entirely reddish or only slightly infuscated on their lower portion ; also part of the face and base of wings are inclined to whitish. Four females. Colorado and Nevada. (Coll. Am. But. Soc.) This species scarcely differs from A.fulvipes Norton. 14. Amauronematus luteotergum Norton. 1861. Nematus luteotergum Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vin, p. 161. 1867. Nematus luteotergum Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1, p. 206. (Cat., etc., p. 68.) 1882. Nematus luteotergum Provancher. Nat. Can., xn, p. 291. 1883. Nematus luteotergum Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., 11, p. 740. 1895. Nematus luteotergum Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, XXII, p. 301. Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; exp. al. 19 mm.; very robust; head and thorax opaque, abdomen shining, the former covered with a very minute hairy pubescence; clypeus somewhat broadly emarginate, lobes small, rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct; antennal fovea elongate, shallow; antennje as long as head and thorax, fourth joint longer than third; intercostal cross nerve its own length anterior to basal nerve, strongly inclined; second transverse cubital but half as long as third; venation otherwise normal; stigma very narrow, elon. gate, and acuminate; sheath elongate, obtusely rounded at apex; cerci very long, scarcely tapering; claws deeply notched, the rays almost equal. Color of head and thorax for the most part, usually the dorsal center of basal plates with lateral spot and terminal dorsal segment of abdomen, sheath, legs, cerci, labium, and palpi black; front face of two anterior pairs of femora and tibiae, paler; terminal joints of antennas rarely, spot beneath base of antenna', clypeus, labrum, bases of mandi- bles, more or less of upper and outer orbits, angles of pronotum, spot on lateral half of basal plates, and abdomen except as noted yellowish ferruginous; veins and stigma, including costa and teguhe, dark brown; anterior wings particularly infuscated, and with a minute dot near the center of the second cubital cell, also one near the apex of the median cell. Three females. Massachusetts. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) I have also compared live specimens (females), representing Wellesley and Natick, Mass., and Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) Mr. H. G. Dyar de- scribes the larvae of this species from specimens taken on alder, Keene Valley, N. Y. 15. Amauronematus discolor Cresson. 1880. Nematus discolor Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vm, p. 8. Female. — Length 8.5 mm.; exp. al. 18 mm.; large, elongate, moder- ately robust species; the clypeus rather deeply emarginate, lobes large, rounded; frontal crest strongly elevated; sides of ocellar basin some- what indistinct; fovea very elongate, shallow, and cutting through the 83 crest; antennae short, not longer than head and thorax, slender, taper- ing, joints 4 and 5 subequal, longer than 3; intercostal cross nerve very oblique, nearly interstitial with basal nerve; second cubital cross vein about half as long as the third ; venation otherwise normal ; stigma very slender, elongate, and acuminate; sheath narrow, elongate, rounded at apex; cerci very slender, longer than last dorsal segment; claws deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color in general luteous; large spot on hea'd including ocelli, antenna! region except spot above clypeus, antennae, center of anterior lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutel- lum, metanotum, narrow margin of basal plates, prothorax beneath, spot on outer angles of same, bases of coxoe and trochanters, ventral half of mesepimera, extreme tip of sheath, and the cerci piceus; upper and lower edges of femora and upper edges of tibiae and tarsi, particu- larly the posterior pair, fuscous; veins, including stigma, costa, and tegulae, yellowish brown ; a minute dot occurs at the apex of the median cell and near the center of the second cubital cell; anterior wings, par- ticularly, slightly infuscated. Three females. Colorado. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) A female collected on willow blossoms at Olympia, Wash. (Coll. Cor- nell Univ.), differs from the above in being in general lighter colored, the dark markings being generally present but somewhat more restricted. The wing veins and particularly the stigma are lighter, and the mes- epimera lack the pectoral dark spot. 16. Amauronematus lineatus Harrington. 1893. Nematua lineatus Harrington. Can. Ent., xxv, p. 59. Female. — Length 7.5 mm.; robust, abdomen tapering from near base quite strongly toward apex; clypeus distinctly emarginate,. lobes tri- angular; lateral walls of ocellar basin indistinct; frontal crest large, sharply defined, slightly or not at all broken; fovea triangular; antennae not so long as head and thorax, tapering, joints 3 to 5 subequal; vena- tion normal; stigma elongate, widest at base, tapering regularly to apex; sheath long, narrow, regularly and equally rounded on both margins to obtuse apex; cerci rather long, slender, scarcely tapering; claws large, deeply cleft, rays subequal. Color yellowish ferruginous; vertex and mesonotum inclined to reddish or with a purplish tinge; antennae except on scape beneath, narrow line sometimes wanting on anterior lobe of mesonotum, apex of mesoscutellum, metanotum for most part, and the dorsal abdominal segments centrally, narrowing poste- riorly, black; extreme upper and outer margin of sheath brown; extreme tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi very slightly infuscated; veins light yellowish brown; stigma and costa somewhat lighter yel- lowish. Eedescribed from the type of this species loaned by Mr. Harring- ton, and two specimens — one collected in Maine (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 84 and the other in New York (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.). In the former the abdomen is very narrowly black centrally, and only on three or four basal segments. A female (Coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.) taken June 26, at Garland, Colo., is also provisionally placed with this species. It agrees in coloration with the Maine specimen, and also in structure, except that the sheath of the ovipositor is broadened basally. 17. Amauronematus chalceus new species. Female. — Length 10 nun.; large, rather robust; clypeus deeply and broadly emarginate, lobes large, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly defined; frontal crest prominent, not or but slightly broken, extending in an indistinct ridge to the orbits; antennal fovea large, triangular, rather deeply excavated; antennae distinctly tapering, third and fourth joints very much longer than fifth, third longest; third sub marginal cell elongate, sides parallel; upper discal cell of hind wings considerably exceeding lower; sheath broad, tapering, slightly constricted before apex, with distinct scopa at tip; cerci short, slightly constricted at base; claws deeply and evenly notched. Color reddish yellow or resinous; antenna' with circle about base extending downward to clypeus, ante- rior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum, metascutum, more or less of center of basal plates, prothorax beneath, and lower half of mesepimera brownish black; ocellar region, posterior tarsi, and tip of sheath more or less infuscated; wings slightly infuscated, especially between stigma and posterior border; veins and stigma dark brown, almost black. Two females. Olympia, Wash. T. Kincaid, collector. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 18. Amauronematus coquilletti new species. Female. — Length 8 mm.; robust; clypeus broadly, rather deeply notched, lobes large, rounded; ocellar basin distinctly defined, lateral walls not strongly raised; frontal crest slightly broken by the back- ward extension of the deep and sharply defined oval antennal fovea; antennse stout, longer than head and thorax, slightly tapering, densely clothed with short hairs: second recurrent nearly interstitial with sec- ond cubital; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, acuminate; sheath narrow, tapering, slightly but obtusely produced at tip; claws coarsely and evenly notched. Color resinous yellow, inclined to red- dish; antenine, small spot including ocelli with branches running down toward bases of antennae, stripe on each of anterior lobes of meso- notum, metanotum for the most part, ventral sclerites of prothorax, and lateral sclerites of metathorax black or dark brown; extreme tip of sheath brownish; wiugs hyaline or slightly smoky from rather dense pubescence; veins uniformly light yellowish brown; stigma and costa somewhat paler. One female. Los Angeles, Cal. Mr. I). W. Coquillett, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 85 19. Amauronematus brunneus Norton. 1864. Nematus brunneus Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., in, p. 8. 1867. Nematus brunneus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 205. (Cat., etc., p. 67.) Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al, 16 mm.; robust; head and thorax finely punctured, opaque; clypeus sometimes almost truncate, or very slightly emarginate; sides of ocellar basin and frontal crest present but rounded, latter slightly broken ; antennal fovea elongate; antennas not longer than head and thorax, scarcely tapering, slender, joints 3 to 5 sub- equal; stigma not very broad, elongate, subacuminate ; sheath tapering on both edges, somewhat angularly, to an obtuse tip, smooth, mar- gined with very short scattering hairs ; claws very large, deeply notched, rays subequal. Color in general very light yellowish; mesonotum and mesepimera dull reddish; antennas ferruginous, black, or light brown above, growing lighter toward tips; tips of hind tibias and their tarsi somewhat infuscated; veins light yellowish brown; stigma, costal, and subcostal veins lighter, unicolorous. One female. Colorado. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) I have compared also a specimen collected at Ithaca, N. Y. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 20. Amauronematus excavatus new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust; clypeus deeply and circularly emarginate, lobes narrow, rounded at tip; walls of ocellar basin dis- tinctly defined ; frontal crest deeply broken by the backward prolonga- tion of the large oval antennal fovea; antenna' short, fourth joint longest; venation normal; stigma rather broad, circular on lower margin, widest at middle; sheath acuminate, rather pointed at tip; cerci short, inconspicuous. Color resinous, darker on thorax and vertex; ocellar basin and line connecting posterior ocelli black; veins light yellowish brown; stigma and costa lighter yellowish. One female, without locality label. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species seems to be somewhat intermediate between the genus to which it is now assigned and Fteronus. 21. Amauronematus calif ornicus new species. Female. — Length 6 mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus distinctly, circularly notched, lobes rounded; frontal crest broad, stout, unbroken ; ocellar basin with rounded, indistinct lateral walls; fovea indistinctly defined, extending laterally over bases of antenna; antennas very slen- der, elongate, filiform, third joint longest; venation normal; stigma elongate, narrow ; sheath narrow, squarely truncate at tip ; claws evenly but not very deeply cleft. Color light resinous yellow; antennas brown above; basal joints darker; ocelli with very narrow black border ; two black spots just back of mesoscutellum ; veins light brown ; stigma and costa light yellowish. Two females. Los Angeles, Cal. I). W. Coquillett, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 86 X. Genus CR(ESUS Leach. Croesus Leach. Zool. Misc., in, 1817, p. 129. The characters distinguishing this genus are indicated in the table of genera. It is closely allied to both Amauronematus and Pteronvsin the characters of the vertex, clypeus, and claws. The original descrip- tions of the two American representatives are reproduced without change. Crcesus latitarsus Xorton. 1862. Cra-sus latitarsus Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., I, p. 199. L867. Crcesus latitats us Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i, p. 84. (Cat., etc., p. 54.) 1881. Croesus latitarsus Packard. Bull. 7, IT. S. Ent. Comm., pp. 129, 184. 1882. Croesus latitarsus Provancher. Nat. Can., xiii, p. 291. 1883. Croesus latitarsus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Ilym., p. 740. 1885. Crasus latitarsus Dimmock. Psyche, iv, p. 286. 1888. Croesus latitarsus Jack. Psyche, V, p. 41. 1890. Crasus latitarsus Packard. 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Comm., p. 485. 1893. Croesus latitarsus Dyar. Can. Ent.. XXV, p. 246. 1894. Xematus (Croesus) latitarsus Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., I, p. 233. Female. — Antenna as long as body, Mack: body shining, bine Idack, a crescent- shaped elevation between antenna' ; clypeus notched; labruin, mandibles and palpi piceons; mesothorax with confluent longitudinal punctures; legs black, the anterior pair pieeons toward tip; posterior trochanters and basal half of all the tibia* white; posterior tibise enlarged and very much flattened toward the tip; first joint of tarsi still wider, compressed, longer than remaining four joints together, its edges ele- vated to a rim on both sides; wings hyaline, a little smoky below stigma; a dot in middle of both second and third submarginal cells. Massachusetts (Harris's Coll.), Pennsylvania (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc). (Smithsonian Institution). (Three females.) Quite rare. Wild cherry, August 16. Bred by Mr. Walsh from larva- feeding on birch. Croesus laticulus Norton. 1869. Crcesus laticulus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, n, p. 308. (Cat., etc, p. 222.) 1894. Xematus (Crcesus) laticulus Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., i, p. 232. Female. — Length 0.18 inch; black; tegnhe, a spot on sides of basal plates and of second and third segments of abdomen whitish; apex of mandibles and the legs fer- ruginous, with the apex of hinder femora, the apical two-thirds of their tibia) and the most part of the first tarsal joint blackish; antennae very long (0.36 inch), quite slender; each ocellus at the head of a pentagonal basin; a protuberance between antenna', nasns incurved; some scattered snbobsolete oval punctures on the bead and mesothorax; scutel polished; pleura dull, but not punctured ; tergum with deli- cate cross stria1; abdomen slender, cylindrical; hinder tibiae one-half longer than first and second, somewhat enlarged, twice as wide as the others, with a deep chan- nel down the upper side; all the joints of their tarsi enlarged and flattened, the first joint widest, but not as wide as tibia), the patellae long and white, the claws with a strong inner tooth; wings ample, hyaline; nervures piceous; stigma black; first transverse submarginal nervure obsolete, except its rudiments near the nerves; second recurrent nervure received near the transverse nervure. Two females. Massachusetts (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), Virginia (Peabody Institute, Salemj . 87 XI. Genus HOLCOCNEME Konow. Rolcocneme Konow. Deutsche Entom. Zeits. xxxiv, 1890, p. 232. Body large; clypeus emarginate at apex; claws bifid or with subapical tooth; head and thorax more or less punctured, but little shining ; stigma orate at base, acuminate at apex, black ; posterior tibiae and tarsi thickened, the former deeply channeled exteriorly; hypopygium of male emarginate at apex; sheaths of female small, thickened. — Konow. This genus seems to me to be of very doubtful standing. I have found no American representatives, and the European examples show a tendency toward the preceding form (Croesus) in the enlargement of the hind tibia3 and metatarsus. The chief distinguishing character of the genus is the grooving of the hind tibia? exteriorly, but this occurs to a greater or less extent in practically all Nematids. XII. Genus NEMATUS Jurine. Nematus Jurine. Nouv. M6th. Class. Hym., 1807, p. 59. The characteristics of this genus, as indicated by the table of genera and an examination of the principal European specimens referred to it by Konow, are as follows : Body robust; antennae slender, tapering; clypeus more or less emarginate; hind tibiae and tarsi simple; claws bifid; last ventral segment of the male emarginate at tip, not produced or pointed; eighth dorsal segment of male broadly, obtusely trun- cate at tip, not at all produced; sheath of female broad and thick and with the last dorsal segment greatly developed and constituting nearly half of the abdomen. Konow assigned to this genus the group of species represented by the European Nematus luteus Pz., abdominalis Pz., bilineatus Klug., and a few others. The very large and thickened sheath, with long bordering fringe of hairs and large, thick, acuminately pointed ovi- positor, together with the enormously developed lateral clasping por- tion of the last dorsal segment, at once distinguish this genus from all other Nematines. Nematus unicolor n. sp. is typical in the features in- dicated and exhibits a close relationship with N. luteus Pz. of Europe. It is the only undoubted representative of this genus as restricted occurring in this country. Of the three other American species, two (N. pergandei n. sp. and N. chloreus Norton) possess the peculiarities of sheath and ovipositor, but lack the unusual development of the last segment. The third (N. mexicanus Cameron) seems from the descrip- tion to be a true Nematus. The unusual development of ovipositor and adjoining parts in uni- color n. sp. and the European species would suggest some peculiarity of habit in ovipositing calling for such modification. Nothing in this direction seems to be indicated by the habits, so far as known, in the absence of direct observation on oviposition. The European species feed on Alnus, the larva? resting on the upper surface of the leaves, 88 skeletonizing them at first and in their later stages eating entirely through. Mr. H. G. Dyar has described the larva of unicolor n. sp. (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxii, p. 308), the food-plant being white birch, but in feed- ing habits agreeing with the European species. TABLE OF SrECIES. Females. Last dorsal arc of abdomen enormously developed. ( laws bifid. Winga slightly infuscated basally: stigma brown basally; dorsum pale. 1. unicolor n. sp. Wings clear; stigma pale; metanotnm and abdomen above black. 2. mexicanus Cameron. Claws witb minute inner tooth 3. ponlanioidcs n. sp. Last dorsal air not unusually developed. Ocellar basin with distinct lateral wails and containing two small tubercles. 4. pergandei n. sp. Ocellar basin with indistinct lateral walls and without tubercles. 5. chloreus Norton 1. Nematus unicolor new species. 1895. yematu* unicolor Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxii, p. 308. (Larva.) Female. — Length 7 mm.; rather robust, shining; clypeus deeply, rather narrowly notched, lobes large, rounded; ocellar basin scarcely present, deep furrow connecting anterior ocellus with antennal fovea; antennae slender, scarcely tapering, setaceous, about as long as head and thorax, third, fourth, and fifth joints subequal; intercostal nearly at right angles with costa, interstitial or nearly so; third cubital with sides parallel; posterior wings with outer veins of discal cells intersti- tial,or nearly so; stigma moderately elongate; sheath tapering, pointed, and with terminal abdominal segment enormously developed, repre- senting nearly hall' of abdomen; cerci very long, slender, almost as long as first joint of hind tarsi: claws rather large, inner ray very distinctly shorter than outer. Color uniformly reddish yellow; wing veins and stigma yellowish brown: antennae infuscated basally; ocelli very nar- rowly margined with black; basal plates more or less infuscated; wings hyaline, veins brown, stigma and costa yellow, former brown basally. Three females, one from Mount llood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), and two reared by Mr. II. G. Dyar from larva' on white birch collected in Green Valley, New'York (Coll. Dyar). 2. Nematus mexicanus Cameron. 1881. Nematus mexicanus Cameron. Trans. London Ent. Soc, p. 481. Female. — Livid, testaceous; face, sides and apex of abdomen above, and legs obscure livid yellow; antenna', metanotum, and back of abdomen except at apex, apex of bind tibia*, and tarsi black; anterior tibiae inclining to fuscous; wings clear byaline; costa and stigma whitish yellow; antennae sborter tban the abdo- 89 men, almost glabrous, third joint a little shorter than fourth; vertex raised in center; frontal area a deep wide depression: antennal fovea large, longer than wide; clypeus deeply incised; palpi fuscous; wings lougish : second cubital cel- lule double the length of third, not angled where the recurrent ncrvures are received; third cellule a little widened at apex; the second recurrent nervure received a lit- tle in front of third transverse cubital; abdomen larger than the head and the thorax together, narrowed toward the apex, its last segment largely developed above; cerci long; ovipositor long, nearly half the length of the abdomen; the sheath at apex pilose; blotch small; cercilarge, white; claws bifid, spurs shortish. The vertex and mesonotum are very finely punctured; on the middle lobe of the latter is a central furrow; the extreme apex of the scutellum is black, and there is a narrow obscure black line down its center. Length 7 mm. Closely allied to the European X. lunnorrhoidalis Spin, and to the North Ameri- can X chlorous Norton. The occurrence of a Xcmatus so far south is of much inter- est, this being the first record of that northern genus in Central America. Habitat: Northern Sonora, Mexico (Morrison). The type of this species was not procurable and the original descrip- tion is quoted without alteration. 3. Nematus pontanioides new species. Female. — Length & mm.; rather robust; clypeus very deeply and circularly emargiuate, lobes rounded; walls about ocellar basin and the frontal crest rounded, indistinct; vertex smooth, shining; antennal fovea broad, shallow; antennae not longer than head and thorax, slender, filiform, joints 3, 4, and 5 subequal; second recurrent received near second cubital: third cubital cell very elongate, three times as long as wide, narrow; stigma broad; sheath large, tapering, sharply acuminate, occupying with overlapping terminal dorsal sclerite nearly one-half of the abdomen; cerci very long, extremely slender, as long- as basal joint of hind tarsi; inner tooth of claw minute. Color honey yellow and dark brown • spot including ocelli and extending to antennae, anterior lobe of mesonotum, metanotum, abdomen except last segment and sheath, pleura, and pectus brown; antenna' brown, fulvous be- neath; femora inclined to brownish; coxse basally dark brown, almost black; wings nearly hyaline; veins yellowish brown; stigma yellowish hyaline, darker basally. One female. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) In character of antennae and development of ovipositor and last segment of the abdomen, this species is closely allied to unicolor, but differs in the structure of the claws. The last segment of the abdo- men is enormously developed, and the long, sharply pointed sheath and long cerci may indicate a gall-making habit, whence the desig- nation pontanioides. The inner tooth of the claw is very minute and close to the tip, but in spite of this marked divergence from the char- acters of the claw of the genus the features of abdomen and ovipositor are so striking as not to permit of its being placed elsewhere. 90 4. Nematus pergandei new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; exp. al. 15 mm.; very robust, short; head not broadened posteriorly; clypeus broadly, circularly einarginate; lobes broad, obtuse; frontal crest very large, obtusely rounded ; lateral walls of ocellar basin sharply defined; basin filled by two tubercles; antenna! fovea very broad, shallow; antennae little longer than head and thorax, very slender, scarcely tapering, joints 4 and 5 subequal, shorter than 3; sheath thick, squarely truncate, tubular; venation nor- mal; stigma ovate at base, tapering rather regularly toward the some- what truncate apex ; claws very deeply cleft, rays nearly equal. Color luteous, shining; face below antenna1, orbits, pronotum, most of venter, and legs, pallid: dorsal area of head, mesonotum, margin of abdomen above, basal half of mesepimera, and sheath reddish yellow; lateral margin of mesonotuni, most of metanotum, broad stripe covering dor- sal center of the segments of the abdomen except the last, black; anten- na' brown, fulvous beneath ; ocelli ringed with black and a small black or brownish spot just at base of each antenna; wings hyaline; veins light yellowish brown; stigma and costa yellowish, almost hyaline. One female. Washington, 1). C. (!). (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 5. Nematus chloreus Norton. 1807. Nematus chloreus TSorton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 221. (Cat., etc., p. 83.) 1872. Nematus chloreus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, iv, p. 80. 1888. Nematus chloreus I'rovanoher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 348. /; male. — Length 5 to 5.5 ram.; very robust; head and thorax finely punctured, opaque; clypeus nearly truncate; vertex smooth; lateral ridges of ocellar basin not very prominent, rounded; basin very shallow and indistinct; crest rather large, rounded; antenna! fovea very shal- low, indistinct; antennae short, not as long as head and thorax, slender, tapering, third joint very little longer than fourth; stigma broad basally, tapering regularly nearly to apex; apex of costa very greatly thickened; sheath thick, short, scarcely projecting, margined with long, not very numerous curved hairs; cerci rather long, slender; claws large, deeply notched. Color yellowish ferruginous; mesonotum, mes- epimera, margin of abdomen dorsal ly, and sheath somewhat inclined to reddish; antenna1, spot on either side of mesoscutellum, apex of same and metanotum except raetascutum, basal plates and central area of abdomen above, black; antenme lighter beneath, especially toward apex; veins brown, stigma and costa yellowish. Two females from Texas, one Norton's type (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus. and Am. Ent. Soc.) In general characteristics this species comes very near Nematus per- gandei n. sp., but it is less than one-half the size of the latter, and differs in other details. 91 XIII. Genus PACHYNEMATUS Konow. Pachynematus Konow. Deutsche Entom. Zeits., xxxiv, 1890, p. 238. Body short, rather stout; clypeus emarginate at apex; inner tooth of claw gen- erally minute and at right angles to outer; antennae of the male long, more or less compressed; female shorter, suhsetaceous, usually "black; pentagonal area of vertex distinct; eighth dorsal segment of the male broad, wide at tip; hypopygium sub- triangular, produced at apex; sheath of female short, stout. — Konow. This genus is characterized chiefly by the short inner tooth of claw projecting nearly at right angles with the claw and the emarginate clypeus, together with the distinctly developed ridges to the ocellar basin (pentagonal area). Its American representatives maybe readily divided into three well-marked groups. The first is the smaller of the three groups and is characterized by the large, greatly projecting, and rounded, flattened sheath of the female. The rest of the species are separated into two well-marked groups by the characters of the head and antennae. In one the head is very strongly developed and widens notably back of the compound eyes, particularly in the case of the females, and with the males the antenme are very long, cylindrical, and not at all or scarcely compressed. In the other group the head nar- rows in both sexes back of the compound eyes, and the antenme in the males are comparatively short, usually robust, and very strongly com- pressed. The first of these latter subdivisions, or the second group of species, has a typical representative in the wheat and grass sawfly (Pachynematus extensicornis Norton), the habits of which are described and illustrated in Insect Life, iv, pp. 174-177, fig. 14. The species was then referred to marylandicus, but it now appears that Norton's earlier description of extensicornis was of the male of this species. The close similarity of the species in this group in structural characters suggests a like similarity in habits, and we may therefore expect most of them to be grass feeders. They represent all sections of the country, from Maine to California. The third group approaches very closely in char- acters the following genus {Lygceonematus) in that the clypeus is often only slightly emarginate, and the separation and reference is therefore not entirely satisfactory in all cases. TABLE OF SPECIES. Females. I. Sheath very large, projecting free at least one-half its length, not or scarcely taper- ing, rounded at apex. Second recurrent usually interstitial; prevailing color black or dark brown. Lobes of clypeus triangular ; clypeus and labrum very hairy ; venter infus- cated 1. dimmockii Cresson. Lobes broad, rounded; clypeus and labrum nearly smooth; venter pallid. 2. ruralis Cresson. Second recurrent not interstitial; prevailing colors yellow or resinous. 3. oereatus Harrington. 92 II. Sheath normal, but slightly projecting; tip usually obliquely truncate or taper- ing ; head strongly developed and widening back of compound eyes ; second recur- rent vein usually interstitial; rather robust species; stigma and costa usually hyaline. Metanotuni more or less yellow ; tergum yellow 4. aurantiacus n. sp. Metanotum and tergum black. Head (except usually a spot about ocelli) and more or less of mesonotum pale. Mesonotum pale or with two or three black spots; body beneath pale except rarely black spot on pectus and iufuscated bases of femora. Stigma and costa pale; wings hyaline. Sheath broad, obliquely truncate; largo species. 5. extensicomis Norton. Sheath rather narrow, tapering regularly 0. affitiis n. sp. Stigma and costa pale; wings infuscated 7. suadus Cresson. Stigma and costa dark brown 8. aitratus n. sp. Mesonotum mostly black, with one or two pale spots, or sutures pale; mesepimera black, except sometimes lateral light spot; venter more or less infuscated; femora and coxa' black basally. Ifaaepimera black 9. graminis n. sp. lietepimera with lateral white spot 10. pleuricus Norton. Head black; orbits black or strongly infuscated; thorax: and abdomen black except sometimes central area of venter. Stigma and costa pale. Head and thorax with long, dense pubescense; stigma narrow, acuminate; reddish spot on mesepimera 11. pubescent n. sp. Head and thorax not unusually pubescent; stigma robust; mes- epimera black. Femora and venter mostly pale; large, robust species. 12. montiragu8 n. sp. Femora and venter black ; small species. 13. colomdemis n. sp. Stigma brown or black. Labium, angles of pronotum, and tegulae pale. Clypeus black ; bases of femora infuscated. . 14. robustus n. sp. Clypeua with pah; tips; femora pale 15. clypeatus n. sp. Labrum, angles of pronotum, and teguhe black. 16. ater McGillivray. III. Sheath as above; head narrowing more or less back of compound eyes; usually slender, elongate, black species, with brown costa and stigma. Sheath narroAv, regularly rounded at tip; stigma acuminate; venter pale; pectus black 17. nigropectus Cresson. Sheath moderately robust, more or less obliquely truncate, tip obtusely pointed; stigma broad, not acuminate. Tergum reddish yellow; head coarsely, rugosely punctured. 18. punctulatus n. sp. Tergum black, except lateral rufous spot on segments 2 to 5. 19. abdominalis n. sp. Tergum black. Femora pale 20. hoodi n. sp. Anterior femora pale ; hind iufuscated at tip 21. corniger Norton. Femora all more or less infuscated or black. Anterior femora light basally; basal half posterior tibiae white. 22. subalbatus Norton. Anterior femora infuscated basally, paling apically ; posterior tibiae gradually infuscated, more strongly toward tip. 23. palliventris Cresson. 93 Males. I. (No male representatives). II. Head not narrowed back of compound eyes, usually expanding: antenna? slen- der, not or scarcely compressed, and nearly if not quite as long as the entire insect. 1. Black dorsally and ventrally. Stigma and costa more or less infuscated. Legs, except tibia? and tarsi, black. Mouth parts and orbits black 5. extensicornis Norton. Mouth parts and orbits pale 6. affinis n. sp. Legs, except bases of femora, yellow 24. tritici n. sp. Stigma and costa hyaline 25. apicalis n. sp. 2. Venter and more or less of tergum pale. Wings hyaline; stigma brown. Head pale, except large spot on vertex 8. auratus n. sp. Head black 4. aurantiacus n. sp. Wings strongly infuscated; stigma and costa smoky.. 26. infumatus n. sp. 3. Head and thorax mostly yellow; abdomen black, except tip; stigma and costa hyaline 27. thoracicus n. sp. III. Head usually distinctly narrowed back of compound eyes, never expanding; antenna? usually shorter, stouter, and compressed. 1. Black, including all of venter. Pronotnm and tegukc black; legs beyond base of femora yellow, infus- cated 28. koebelei n . sp. Pronotum, teguhc, and legs reddish yellow 29. occidental™ n. sp. 2. Black ; venter more or less pale. Orbits pale, or head with black limited to spot about ocelli. 30. carolinensis n. sp. Orbits black or strongly infuscated. Clypeus deeply emarginate; triangle between antenna- and clypeus white; inner tooth of claw large 31. wrangeli n. sp. Clypeus deeply emarginate; triangle black; inner tooth of claw minute; stigma very narrow, tapering ... 32. minutus n. sp. Clypeus broadly emarginate, approaching truncate; triangle black; claws normal. Clypeus black ; venter infuscated laterally 20. hoodi n. sp. Clypeus with pale tips. Legs pale, except extreme tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi. 22. subalbatus Norton. Legs pale, except tips of hind femora above and apical third of hind tibi;e and the hind tarsi 21. corniger Norton. Legs reddish yellow; femora infuscated basally; abdomen usually entirely reddish yellow beneath. 33. nevadcnsis n. sp. INDEX TO SPECIES OF I'ACIIYXE.MATUS. abdominalis n. sp. 9 19 affinis n. sp. $ 9 6 apicalis n. sp. $ 25 ater McGillivray 9 aurantiacus n. sp. $ 9 auratus n. sp. 9 aureopectus Norton = extensicornis . . carolinensis n. sp. $ coloradensis n. sp. 9 13 corniger Norton $ 9 dimmockii Cresson 9 clypeatus n. sp 9 15 21 1 extensicornis Norton $ 9 5 graminis n. sp. 9 - 9 hoodii n. sp. $ 9 20 infumatus n. sp. $ 26 koebelei n. sp. $ 28 marylandicus Norton = extensicornis. 5 94 INDEX TO SPECIES OE PACHYNEMATUS— COUtillued. minutus n. sp. $ 32 punctulatus n. sp. 9 18 inonti vagus li. sp. '$ 12 robustus u. sp. 9 14 uevadensis n. sp. $ 33 ruralis Cresson 9 27 nigropectus Cresson 9 17 suadus Cresson 9 7 occidentalis n. sp. $ 29 subalbatus Norton $ 9 22 ocreatus Harrington 9 3 thoracicus n. sp. $ 27 palliventris Cresson 9 23 tritici n. sp. $ 24 pleuricus Norton 9 10 wrangeli n. sp. $ 31 pubescens n. sp. 9 11 1. Pachynematus dimmockii Cresson. 1880. NematuB dimmockii Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, p. 6. Female. — Lengths mm.; exp. al. 18 mm.; rather robust, elongate, shining; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobes triangular, rounded, and with labruni clothed with long hairs; frontal crest and lateral walls of ocel- lar basin distinctly but not strongly elevated, former slightly broken at middle; antennal fovea shallow, indistinct; antenna' slender, as long as head and thorax, fourth joint much longer than third; second recurrent vein interstitial with second transverse cubital; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial; stigma rather broad, ovate or some- what tapering; sheath Aery long, rounded at apex, projecting free one- half its length, blades thin and closely applied; cerci long, very slen der, filiform; inner tooth of claw near apex rather broad. Color brown- ish black; abdomen lighter, inclined to fulvous; face below antennas, upper and posterior orbits, pronotum, teguhe, and legs except bases of coxae, reddish yellow, strongly infuscated, particularly posterior tibia} and all the tarsi; veins, including stigma, dark brown. One female, Cresson' s type. Collected by Mr. George Dimmock near the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 2. Pachynematus ruralis Cresson. 1880. Xematux ruralis Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIII, p. 5. Female. — Length 8 mm.; head strongly developed back of compound eyes; clypeus angularly incised, lobes broad and rounded; ridges about anterior ocellus wanting; pentagonal area smooth, not depressed; antenna! fovea sharply defined anteriorly; antenna} short, slender, joints 4 and 5 subequal and slightly longer than 3; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal; second cubital and second recurrent interstitial or nearly so, as also the outer veins of discal cells of hind wings; sheath very prominent, elongate, projecting free one-half its length, regularly tapering on both margins to rounded apex, blades thin, closely applied; cerci very slender, filiform; inner tooth of claw very minute. Color brownish black; orbits except narrow inner mar- gins, face below base of antenna?, pronotum, tegulai, abdomen beneath, 95 last dorsal segment, sheath, and legs yellowish white, with more or less brownish infuscation ; bases of coxae brown ; femora and tips of tibiae and tarsi brownish ; wings slightly infuscated, nearly hyaline ; veins, including stigma, brown. One female, Cresson's type. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 3. Pachynematus ocreatus Harrington. 1889. Nematus ocreatus Harrington. Can. Ent.; xxi, p. 95. Female. — Length 8.5 mm. ; moderately robust; head expanding some- what back of compound eyes; clypeus broadly, rather deeply einargi- nate, lobes rounded; ocellar basin with distinct and broad lateral walls; crest strong, unbroken; fovea shallow; antenna4 slender, joints 3 and 4 subequal, fifth somewhat shorter; venation normal; sheath of ovipositor very long and large, projecting one-half its length beyond tip of abdomen, apex broadly rounded, blades thin, translucent, closely applied; cerci very long, slender ; claws with minute inner tooth. Color shining resinous yellow ; antenna*, spot on either side of lateral lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum, a few indeterminate marks on metano- tum, and narrow border of basal plates brownish black; extreme tips of tibia? brown; wings hyaline, stigma paler basally, costa yellow. Eedescribed from Harrington's type specimen. A specimen reared by Mr. Harrington from larva on spruce agrees very closely with this species, particularly in possessing the unusually developed sheath. In color the legs are a little more inclined to reddish and the hind tarsi and tip of sheath are distinctly infuscated. (Coll. Harrington.) 4. Pachynematus aurantiacus new species. Female. — Length 9 mm. ; robust ; abdomen at middle much wider than thorax ; head not narrowing back of compound eyes ; clypeus distinctly but broadly incised, lobes broad, rounded; ocellar basin with sharply raised limiting walls; frontal crest sharp, unbroken; fovea deep, circu- lar, distinctly limited ; antennae slender, about as long as head and thorax, tapering, third joint longer than fourth ; venation normal, except that the second recurrent is sometimes interstitial or nearly so; stigma moderate, widest at middle, regularly rounded on lower margin ; sheath broad, rather suddenly truncate near apex; cerci slender, not tapering; inner tooth of claw obtuse, remote from apex. Color orange yellow; inner orbits, head, above antennae except upper and posterior orbits, broad stripe on the anterior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum, postscutellum, spot on either side of cenchri, metascutum, center and sides of the basal plates, lower half of mesoepimera, corre- sponding sclerite of the metathorax together with spot on mesepisterna, black ; extreme tips of posterior tibia? and their tarsi infuscated ; anten- nae dark brown above, reddish ferruginous beneath; wings hyaline; veins, except costa, brown ; stigma brown, costa yellow. 96 Male, — Length 6.5 mm.; structurally for the most part as in female; bead not narrowing back of compound eyes; antenme nearly as long as body of the insect, strongly tapering, robust, and somewhat com pressed basally; procidentia broad, rounded, not projecting more than half its width, strongly keeled. Color black, shining; apex of clyp- eus, labrum, palpi, angles of pronotum, teguhe, legs except bases of coxa1, venter, and most of tergum yellowish ferruginous; base of the dorsal segments, particularly of the first and second and fifth to seventh, brownish black; in some specimens all the segments are brownish black basally; tips of posterior tarsi and sometimes extreme tips of posterior tibiae infuseated; antenme reddish brown; wings hyaline, costal veins pale, stigma and veins otherwise brown. Four females and live males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Bnt. Soc.) 5. Pachynematus extensicornis Norton. L861. Nematua extenmeomis Norton. Proc Host. Soc. Nat. Hist., vin, p. 159. 1864. Nematua marjflandicua Norton Proc Am. Knt. Soc. Phila., in, p. 7. 1867. Nematua exteneicomia Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 117. (Cat., etc., p. 59.) 1867. Nematua marylandicua Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 197. (Cat., etc., p. 59.) l^t',7. Nematua aureopectua Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p.2l(J. (Cat., etc., p. 81.) 1878. Nematua extensicornis Provamher. Nat. Can., x, p. 54. L883. Nematua extenaioornia Provancher. A<1<1. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 185. 1891. Nematua marylandicua Riley and Marlatt. Insect Life, iv, p. 174, tig. 14. Female. — Length 7 to 8.5 mm. ; very robust species ; abdomen particu- larly broad; head very much enlarged back of compound eyes; clypeus very shallowly excavated, lobes short, rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin strongly and distinctly defined, the former very minutely notched; antenna] fovea extending laterally over bases of antenme; antenme moderately slender, tapering, joints distinctly defined, 1 and 2 equal; second recurrent vein interstitial with second transverse cubital; third cubital cell two and one-half times as long on lower mar- gin as wide at base; discal cells of hind wings long, narrow, upper usually exceeding the lower; stigma rather broad, oval, not tapering more at apex than at base; sheath moderately broad and thick, ob- liquely truncate, upper edge nearly straight; cerci rather long, not tapering; claws with a very minute inner tooth, about J of length of claw from apex. Color resinous or sulphur yellow; antenme, small spot including ocelli, stripe on lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot on either side of and on base of scutellum, metanotum, tergum except narrow lateral margin and the two terminal segments, and sheath brownish black; bases of posterior coxre, apices of their tibhe and their tarsi, infuseated. There is ordinarily a faint trace of a black stripe on the middle lobe of the mesonotum, and in light specimens the black markings of the mesonotum are nearly obliterated, and the abdomen 1)7 is more or less banded with yellow on the posterior margin of the seg- ments. The wing veins are light brownish for the most part; the costa and outer half of subcosta, the stigma, and the bases of most of the veins reaching the body of both fore and hind wings are nearly hyaline. Male. — Length 6 to 7.5 mm.; rather slender, elongate, shining; struc- tural details in general as in female; head not narrowed back of com- pound eyes; frontal crest is less distinctly raised and more distinctly notched: antenn;e not compressed, almost as long as the body, and the nodes are distinctly enlarged, angular, clothed with distinct, rather short, black pubescence, third joint very robust and third to fifth sub- equal; procidentia very broad, slightly tapering and rounded at apex; hypopygium more or less excavated at tip. Color black; tips of fem- ora, tibiae, and hypopygium yellowish, iufuscated; tarsi, cerci, and tips Fig. 9. — PacJtyncmatou eztensicornis: n, eggs in wheal ; >>, young larvae ; c, mature larva: d, cocoon; e, adult male: /, adult female; a and 6, natural size; c to/ enlarged. (From Enseci Life.) of tibia* more distinctly iufuscated ; posterior orbits tinged with fulvous; veins dark brown ; stigma and costa yellowish brown, the former lighter at center. Represented by many specimens of both sexes, some of them reared from larvae taken on wheat in Indiana by Mr. Webster and others collected throughout the Northeastern United States. (Colls. U. S. Nat. Mus., Am. Ent. Soc. and Cornell Univ.) 6. Pachynematus affinis new species. Female. — Length 5.5 to 6 mm.; very robust, shining; head greatly dilated back of eyes; clypeus very broadly and not deeply excavated, 13449— Xo. 3 7 98 lobes rounded; vertex roughened j lateral walls of ocellar basin irregu- lar, not very distinctly raised; frontal crest rather sharply but not strongly developed, unbroken: autennal fovea shallow, extending widely over bases of antenna1; antenna' considerably longer than head and thorax, very slender, tapering, joint 4 as long as or longer than 3; second recurrent interstitial with second transverse cubital; upper discal cell of hind wings very slightly exceeding lower, venation other- wise normal; stigma broad, regularly rounded on lower margin; sheath rather narrow, tapering, straight on upper margin, obtusely pointed; cerci long, slender, filiform; inner tooth of claw minute, remote from apex. Color luteous; antenna1, small spot including ocelli, spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, spot on either side and apex of seutellum, postscutellum and central region of metanotum, basal plates, terguin (except lateral margins and last two segments), and sheath black; apical margins of segments yellow in the lighter specimens; extreme apices of hind tibiae, the hind tarsi, bases of posterior coxae, and small spot beneath anterior wings intuscated: stigma, costa, upper edge of subcosta, and bases of all veins reaching the body hyaline; other veins brown. Male. — Length (> mm.; not very robust, shining, head expanding beyond compound eyes posteriorly ; clypeus scarcely emarginate, nearly truncate; vertex roughened; walls about ocellar basin rounded, indis- tinct, basin narrowly excavated at center; antennnl fovea circular, shal- low, extending laterally over bases of antennae ; antennae long, tapering, cylindrical, basal joints slightly compressed, joints nodose at tip, fourth longest; venation normal, except that the second recurrent and second transverse cubital and the outer veins of discal cells of hind wings are interstitial; stigma moderately broad, rounded beneath, tapering or acuminately pointed; procidentia projecting only about half its width, broadly truncate at apex: claws with minute inner tooth remote from apex. Color black; clypeus, mouth parts, upper and posterior orbits, apices of femora, the tibiae and tarsi, ami extreme apex of abdomen, particularly hypopygium, yellowish ferruginous, more or less fnfuscated, particularly at apices of posterior tibia' and all of tarsi: veins brown; stigma and costa light brown. Eight females and four males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 7. Pachynematus suadns Cresson. 1880. Xematus suadns Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Boo., vm, j>. 10. 1886. Xematus suadns Provancher. Add. Faun. Can. Hyni.. p. 24. Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; very short and robust; head strongly expanding posteriorly to compound eyes; clypeus broadly and shal- lowly excavated; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct; vertex somewhat roughened; antennal fovea almost wanting; second recurrent interstitial with second transverse cubital; discal cells of hind wings of about equal length; third cubital cell but little more 99 than twice as long as wide at base, its upper and lower sides of equal length; stigma oval at base, rather acute at apex; sheath narrow and pointed at tip, upper edge straight; cerci prominent, not tapering; iuner tooth of claw distinct. Color shining honey yellow; antennae., narrow spot connecting ocelli, line on the anterior and lateral lobes of mesonotum, lnesopostscutelluin, nietascutuin, center of basal plates, and the bases of the first six dorsal segments black or fuscous; sheath red- dish fuscous, almost black ; tarsi infuscated, particularly posterior pair; wings infuscated; veins light yellowish brown ; stigma and costa nearly hyaline. Two females, labeled "F. B." and "N". EI.," Cresson's types. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 8. Pachynematus auratus new species. Female. — Length 8 mm. ; very robust : abdomen very much wider than thorax, somewhat flattened; head strongly expanding back of eyes, shining; clypeus distinctly but shallowly and broadly emarginate, lobes rounded; vertex roughened; frontal crest and lateral walls about oeel- lar basin rounded, indistinct, basin scarcely excavated; antennal fovea deep, circular, with lateral channels branching out over bases of anten- na'; antenme but little longer than head and thorax, slender, tapering, joints 3 to 5 subequal; venation normal, except that the second recur rent vein is interstitial, or nearly so, with the second transverse cubital, and the outer veins of the discal cells of the posterior wings are nearly interstitial; stigma broad, regularly rounded beneath; sheath rather narrow, slightly excavated on upper margin, rather sharply pointed at apex; inner tooth of claw minute, remote from apex. Color orange yellow; antenna', small spot on vertex including ocelli, central line on scutellum and basal half of same, central area of metanotum, terguin except narrow lateral margin, apex of sixth and all of terminal seg- ments, extreme bases of posterior coxa', and the outer margin of sheath black; tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi infuscated; veins, includ- ing stigma and costa, except basal third of latter, dark brown. Male. — Length 6.5 mm.; much more slender than female, but less so than male of marylandieus; structurally much as in female; head not narrowing back of compound eyes; antenme long, slender, not notice- ably compressed; procidentia large, triangular, projecting, obtusely rounded at tip. Color black, shining; face below antennae, posterior and upper orbits, pronotum, teguhe. venter extending over dorsal edge, narrowly on basal segments and more broadly toward apical ones, legs entirely except bases of coxae, yellowish ferruginous; extreme tips of posterior tibia?, with tarsi, slightly infuscated; wings hyaline; veins colored as in female. Four females and two males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species is very closely allied to the last in general characteris- tics, but is easily distinguished from it, also from extensicornis, with 100 winch it agrees more nearly in point of size. The three species together form ti very closely allied group, and doubtless have similar habits. 9. Pachynematus graminis new species. Female. — Length G.5 mm. 5 head dilated back of eyes; clypeus emar ginate, almost truncate; antenna! fovea distinct and breaking slightly through the frontal crest, the latter extending indistinctly to the orbits; second recurrent interstitial with the second cubital cross nerve; vena- tion otherwise normal; stigma evenly rounded on lower margin; sheath rather broad, somewhat acuminately pointed, with straight upper margin ; cerci very slender. Color brownish black; head yellow ish, except area about ocelli and bases of antennae; pronotum, teguhe, abdomen beneath, terminal dorsal arcs, and most of legs yellowish white; more or less of baseof scutellum whitish; bases of coxa1, extreme bases of femora, apices of tibiae and the tarsi brownish, or more or less strongly in fuscated: wings clear; veins brownish; stigma and costa almost hyaline. One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. 80c.) 10. Pachynematus pleuricus Norton. 1867. Nematus pleuricus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,i,p.206. (Cat., etc., p. 70.) Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; rather robust, shining; head dilated back of eyes; clypeus rather shallowly and broadly emar ginate; walls about the ocellar basin broad and rounded, crest unbroken, fovea extending lat- erally over bases of antennae; antenna' slender, filiform, joints 4 and 5 equal and longer than 3; sheath narrow, tapering, tip obtusely pointed; venation normal, except that the first cubital is nearly hyaline; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black and pallid or resinous; antenna', spot on vortex including ocelli and reaching to bases of antenme, large spot on each of the anterior lobes of mesonotum, apex of scutellum with spot on either side, nietanotum, tergum except tip, mesepimera except large lateral spot, more or less of base of venter, bases of coxa', trochanters, and bases of femora black; extreme tips of tibhe, particu- larly hind pair, and tarsi strongly in fuscated ; sheath brown; except as noted, resinous yellow; wings hyaline; veins brown; stigma and costa hyaline. Two females. Colorado, C. P. Gillette, collector (Coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.), and Idaho (Coll. Cornell Univ.). Norton's type specimens are lost. 11. Pachynematus pubescens new species. Female. — Length 8 mm.; robust, shining; head dilated back of eyes; clypeus broadly, shallowly notched; ocellar basin rather indistinctly detined, crest low, unbroken; antennal fovea triangular; head very coarsely roughened with small elevations and, together with thorax, densely clothed with long whitish pubescence; antennae slender, joints 101 4 and 5 subequal, longer than 3; sheath short, tapering, obtusely pointed; claws with minute inner tooth; venation normal, except that the second recurrent is interstitial with the second cubital; stigma very narrow and acuminate. Color black; tips of clypeus, mouth parts, extreme angles of pronotum, teguhe, tip of abdomen except sheath, and outer half of femora reddish yellow; tibia' pale yellowish; tarsi slightly infuscated; sides of mesepimera slightly reddish; wings hyaline,' veins dark brown; costa and stigma hyaline. Two females. Mount Washington, K H. One labeled as having been taken at an elevation of about 0,(K)(> feet, July 0, 1891. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 12. Pachynematus montivagus new species. Female. — Length 8 mm. ; robust; head dilated back of eyes; head and thorax opaque from rather fine and dense puncturing, together with very short and inconspicuous pubescence; clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate; pentagonal area distinctly defined, lateral walls sharp, minute; crest unbroken, not prominent; fovea oval; antenna' short, slender, tapering, joints 3 and 4 subequal; sheath short, tapering; claw with short inner tooth; venation normal, except that second recurrent is interstitial with second cubital; stigma broad, rounded beneath, scarcely tapering. Color black; labrum, angles of pronotum, teguhe,, extreme tip of abdomen, venter for the most part, and legs yellowish, inclined to reddish on femora; coxa' except tips and extreme bases of femora infuscated; tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi brownish; abdomen with brownish spots beneath, noticeably at base; wings hyaline, or nearly so; veins brown; stigma and eosta light yellowish,, almost hyaline. One female. Mount Washington, N. H. (Coll. Cornell Univ., This species resembles the preceding in size and general characteris- tics, but diverges notably in the character of the stigma and pubescence of head and thorax. 13. Pachynematus coloradensis new species. Female. — Length G mm.; moderately robust, shining; head dilated back of eyes; clypeus broadly, circularly emarginate; pentagonal area distinctly denned, but walls rounded; crest low, unbroken; fovea shallow, extending over bases of antennae; antenna4 slender, tapering, joint 4 slightly longer than 3; venation normal, except that the second recurrent is nearly interstitial with second cubital; stigma rounded, scarcely tapering; sheath obliquely tapering on lower margin, pointed; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black, shining; posterior orbits, mouth parts including tips of clypeus, angles of pronotum, teguhe, tip of abdomen except sheath, outer third of femora, and the tibia1 and tarsi pallid more or less infuscated, particularly tarsi and orbits; 102 wings hyaline, or nearly so; veins light brown; stigma and costa pale, nearly hyaline. One female. Colorado. C. P. Gillette, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat, Mas.) 14. Pachynematus robustus new species. FemMe. — Length 6 mm.; short, very stout; head dilated hack of eyes; clypeus rather sliallowly hut distinctly emarginate; frontal crest well denned, unbroken; antenna! fovea circular, deep; head very coarsely and rugosely punctured; antenna1 very slender, elongate, joints 3 and 4 subequal; intercostal more than twice its length anterior to basal vein; second recurrent interstitial or nearly so with second cubital, venation otherwise normal; stigma large, widest near base; sheath robust, slightly acuminate toward apex; ccrci long, filiform. Color black; labrum, angles of pronotum, teguhc, more or less of the ventral segments of abdomen, the apex of the last dorsal segment, and legs for the most part light yellowish brown; coxee basally strongly iufuscated; femora, apices of tibia1, and the tarsi dark brown; wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown; costa yellowish. One female. Montana. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 15. Pachynematus clypeatus new species. Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; somewhat elongate, shining; head rather coarsely punctured, widening noticeably back of compound eyes; clypeus not very deeply emarginate, lobes short, rounded; pentagonal area distinctly denned, walls not very sharply raised; fovea shallow; crest low, unbroken; antenna' rather slender, fourth joint a little longer than third: sheath tapering, somewhat obliquely truncate toward tip; venation normal, except that the second recurrent is interstitial with second cubital; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black: small spot beneath bases of antenna', tips of clypeus. labium and other month parts, outer half of pronotum, tegube, legs, and venter of abdomen yellowish; posterior margins of dorsal segments, especially basal ones, pale, together with all of the terminal segment; bases of coxa*, extreme tips of posterior tibia', and the posterior tarsi brown: bases of femora slightly iufuscated; sheath brown; wings nearly hyaline; veins and stigma light brownish; pos- terior orbits reddish, strongly iufuscated. Two females. Montana. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 10. Pachynematus ater 3Ic(iillivray. 1893. Mesm atra McGillivray. Can. Eut., xxv, p. 238. Female. — Length 6 mm.; robust, shining, somewhat duller on head from rather dense punctuation; head dilated back of eyes; clypeus very broadly and shallowly notched; ocellar basin distinctly limited, walls 103 rounded, crest slightly broken; fovea shallow (antenna1 wanting); vena- tion normal, except that the second recurrent is interstitial with the second cubital; stigma broad, rounded beneath, somewhat acuminately pointed; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black, including mouth parts, pronotum, and tegulae; tips of coxa1, trochanters, tips of femora, the anterior tibia1, and the tarsi pallid, strongly infuscated; veins, in- cluding costa and stigma, dark brown; wings nearly hyaline, slightly smoky. One female, MoGillivray's type. Olympia, Wash. Trevor Kincaid, collector. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 17. Pachynematus nigropectus Cressqn. 1SS0. Xematus nigropectus Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vin. p. 6. Female. — Length 8 mm. : moderately robust, glistening; clypeus very gently eniarginatc ; frontal crest and lateral margins of ocellar basin distinctly but not strongly developed, former unbroken; antenna! fovea deep, expanding broadly posteriorly; antenna1 slender, filiform, joint 4 longest, 5 longer than 3; venation normal; stigma very broad, ovate, somewhat acuminate at apex ; sheath narrow, regularly rounded at apex; cerci very narrow, not tapering; inner claw tooth rather large, sharp. Color for the most part luteous; face and upper and posterior orbits pallid; antenna1, vertex and occiput, prosternum, mesonotum, metano- tum, broad stripe on dorsal sclerites of abdomen except last, basal half of inesepimera (pectus), and the metepisterna black; tip of sheath and tips of posterior tibia1, the posterior tarsi, and the anterior tarsi to a less extent, infuscated ; veins, including stigma and the costa nearly to base, brown; wings slightly infuscated, almost hyaline. One female. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 18. Pachynematus punctulatus new species. Female. — Length 6.5 mm. ; rather robust, head and thorax strongly punctured and somewhat opaque; clypeus, labrum, and pleurae with rather long and dense yellowish hairs; clypeus shallowly emarginate, lobes broad and rounded; frontal crest and elevated ridges about ante- rior ocellus prominent, former unbroken: antcnnal fovea broad, oval; second recurrent interstitial or received in third cubital cell; second cubital cross vein two-thirds as long as third ; upper middle cell of hind wings very little exceeding lower; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin, widest at center; sheath broad, truncate; cerci moderately slender, tapering; inner tooth of claw short, obtuse. Head and thorax for most part, basal plates, base of first dorsal segment, sheath, and extreme bases of coxa* brownish black ; upper orbits and some marks on dorsum of thorax, including most of scutellum, reddish; triangle below antenna1, tips of clypeus, labrum, pronotum, tegulae, legs, and abdomen including cerci reddish yellow ; extreme tips of posterior tibiae and the 1()4 posterior tarsi slightly infiiscated ; veins and stigma light brown; eosta yellowish. One female. New Hampshire. (Coll. Am. Bnt. Soc.) 19. Pachynematns abdominalis new species. Female. — Length, 6.5 mm. ; robust, shining; head obscured by dense punctuation; clypeus nearly truncate, scarcely emarginate; ocellar basin indistinctly defined, lateral walls almost obsolete; frontal crest low; fovea oval antenna' wanting); sheath short, obliquely truncate at apex; stigma regularly rounded beneath, not very broad; venation normal: claw with large, prominent inner tooth near apex. Color black; clypeus whitish; pronotum, tegulae, and legs reddish yellow; tarsi brown: spot on either side of tergum, extending over segments 2 to o. reddish yellow: venter of abdomen with yellowish central stripe and more or less yellow toward tip: tips of posterior tibia* and the pos- terior tarsi infuscated; wings smoky; veins, including stigma, brown. One female. Skokomish River, Washington, May 11. 1892, Trevor Kincaid, collector. (Coll. Cornell Univ. 20. Pachynematus hoodii new species. Female, — Length 6.5 mm.; very slant, robust; clypeus shallowlyand broadly emarginate: frontal crest strongly developed, unbroken : anten- na! fovea circular; antennae long, slender, joints.' I and I subequal; vena- tion normal : stigma broad, evenly rounded ; sheath broad, obliquely trun- cate at apex : cerci rather robust ; claw with minute inner tooth. Color black, shining: labium, bases of mandibles, palpi, angles of pronotum, tegulse, venter of abdomen, terminal (basal segment, and the legs light yellowish; extreme bases of coxa- and the sheath dark brown, almost black: hind tarsi dark brown: wings slightly infuscated, almost hyaline; veins, including stigma and eosta, dark brown. Male. — Length 5 mm.; head narrowing back of compound eyes; antennae very large and long, compressed; procidentia narrow, not strongly produced, rounded at apex. Color as in female, except that the light areas are inclined to yellowish brown, with the venter of the abdomen decidedly brownish. One female and five males. Mount Hood, Oregon, and Washington. (Coll. Am. Knt. Soc.) 21. Pachynematus corniger Norton. 1861. Nematus corniger Norton. Proc. Boat. Soc. Nat. Hist., vin. p. 159. 1867. Nematus corniger Norton. Trans. Am. Knt. Soc. I, p. 199. (Cat., etc., p. 61.) 187s. Nematus corniger Provancher. Nat. Can., i, p. 55. 1883. Nematus cot niger Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 184 Female. — Length C> to 7 mm.: moderately robust ; clypeus shallowly incised, approaching truncate; vertex finely tnberculate; lateral walls 105 of ocellar basin very minutely but sharply raised, becoming obsolete posteriorly; frontal crest acutely elevated, angulated, and extending nearly to orbits; antennal fovea broad, extending laterally over bases of antennae; antennae long, slender, third joint longer than fourth; inter- costal cross nerve nearly twice its length anterior to basal nerve, slightly inclined; second recurrent interstitial, or nearly so, with second transverse cubital; venation otherwise normal; stigma broad, regu- larly rounded beneath; sheath broad, straight on upper margin, obliquely truncate at apex, bordering hairs minute, scattering; cerci long, scarcely tapering; inner tooth of claw small, remote from apex. Color black, shining; apex of clypeus and other mouth parts, outer third of pronotum, tegulae, anterior pairs of legs entirely, posterior pair except extreme bases of coxa' and apices of femora and of tibiae and all of tarsi, venter of abdomen except overlapping sides of last dorsal seg- ment and sheath, very narrow lateral margin of abdomen dorsally, and more or less of apex of all segments yellowish white; femora, partic- ularly hind pairs, more or less inclined to reddish: stigma and veins, except base of costa and slightly at apex, brown. Male. — Length 5 to 5.5 mm.; structurally for the most part as in female; antenna' very broad or strongly compressed, tapering; j)roci- dentia rounded at apex, not constricted basally, strongly keeled. Color black; tips of clypeus, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhc, venter of abdomen, and legs except extreme bases of coxa' and apices of pos- terior tibia' and tarsi of same, yellowish ferruginous; venter of abdomen infuscated laterally, and sometimes more or less entirely. Seven females and three males. Canada, New Jersey, New Hamp- shire, Pennsylvania, and Illinois (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc), and Colorado (Coll. TT. S. Nat. Mus.). 22. Pachynematus snbalbatus Norton. 1864. Nematua aubalbatua Norton. Proc. Ent. Soc. rhila., in, p. 7. 1867. Nematua subalbatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 199. (Cat., etc., p. 61.) 1878. Nematua subalbatus Trovanchcr. Nat. Can., x, p. 54. 1883. Nematus subalbatus Provancker. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 181. Female. — Length 8 mm.; rather elongate; head densely and closely punctured or rugose; clypeus distinctly but not deeply emarginate, lobes rounded; frontal crest very strongly developed, very slightly broken at center, not reaching orbits; sides of ocellar basin distinct, but not strongly elevated; antennal fovea distinct, broadening poste- riorly into a suture beneath frontal crest; antennae longer than head and thorax, moderately robust, tapering, third joint longest; venation normal, except that second recurrent is interstitial, or nearly so, with second transverse cubital; stigma broad, scarcely tapering, until near apex; sheath rather broad, rounded, truncate at apex, straight on upper margiu; cerci rather stout, tapering; inner tooth of claw minute, iob remote from apex. Color black; tips of clypeus, labrum, angles of pro- notum, teguhe. coxa' except bases, trochanters, bases of femora and tips of anterior pairs, tibiae except tips of posterior pair, anterior tarsi aud venter except laterally at base and apex pallid; palpi fuscous; sheath and cerci black; stigma and veins dark brown, except base of costa, which is lighter. Male. — Lengtji 0.5 aim.; slender; head much narrowed back of com- pound eyes; structurally for the most part as in female; antennae large and strongly compressed, tapering; procidentia short, narrow, trun- cate. Color black; tips of clypeus and mouth parts otherwise, angles of prouotum, venter and legs except extreme bases of coxa1, extreme tips of posterior tibia', and all posterior tarsi yellowish ferruginous; venter more or less infuscated laterally and apically (in a specimen from Michigan altogether dark fuscous). Three females and two males. Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) The reference of the males to this species is made with considerable doubt on general resemblance and correspondence in habitat. 23. Pachynematus palliventris Cresson. L880. Nemaius pallive&tria Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vlii, p. 5. 1894. A* mains pallidiventralis Dalla Tone. Cat. Hyin., i, p. 248. Female, — Length 6 mm.; moderately robust, shining; head as wide as thorax, quadrangular, vertex tuberculate; clypeus broadly and gently emarginate; frontal crest distinctly elevated, unbroken, extending nearly to orbits; sides of ocellar basin rounded, not strongly raised, indistinct; antennal fovea large, circular, deeply excavated; antennae longer than head and thorax, rather slender, tapering, joint 3 longest; venation normal; stigma robust, broadest about middle; sheath rather slender, somewhat pointed at tip, dorsal margin nearly straight; cerci minute, filiform; inner tooth of claw minute, obtuse, remote from apex. Color black: labium, bases of mandibles, angles of prouotum, teguhe, coxae except bases, trochanters, tibia* of anterior pairs of legs and their tarsi, and venter of abdomen yellowish, inclined to pallid, espe- cially on abdomen; femora brown, posterior ones darkest; posterior tibia' and tarsi decidedly infuscated, especially tips of the tibia' *nd the tarsi; more or less of the dorsal segments are narrowly yellow on the posterior margin and the lateral edges are yellow, also base of pygidium, including cerci; sheath black; wings hyaline; veins, includ- ing costa and stigma, brown. One female, Cresson's type. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 24. Pachynematus tritici new species. Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; not very robust, head not narrowing back of compound eyes; clypeus rather deeply, somewhat angularly emargi- 107 nate, lobes broad, rounded; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin not very strongly elevated, distinct; antennal fovea very shallow, broad ; antenna1 longer than head and thorax, rather robust and tapering, not compressed, joints 4 and 5 subequal, longer than 3; procidentia longer than broad, squarely truncate at apex; hypopygium strongly produced, rather narrow, and very slightly emarginate at apex; second recurrent interstitial or received at base of third cubital cell, which is scarcely or not twice as long as wide at base; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial, or nearly so; stigma broad at base, tapering roundly at apex. Color black, shining; triangular spot below antenna1, labrum, upper and posterior orbits, palpi, outer angles of pronotum, tegnla1, apex of abdomen, hypopygium and more or less of venter laterally, apices of cox*, trochanters, femora except bases, tibia1 except apices, light fulvous; tips of tibia1, the tarsi, veins, and stigma infuscated; costa yellowish on basal half. One male, reared from a larva collected on wheat in Indiana by F. M. Webster; adult issued April 22. (Coll. F. S. Nat, Mus.) 25. Pachynematus apicalis new species. Male. — Length 7 mm.; very slender, elongate, shining; head not nar- rowed back of compound eyes; clypeus very shallowly emarginate; walls about ocellar basin distinctly raised, rounded; antennal fovea circular; antennae very long, slender, tapering, not compressed, fourth joint longest, all joints distinctly nodose at tip; procidentia broad at base, very long, tapering suddenly at tip, which is obtusely rounded; venation normal, except that the second recurrent is interstitial, or nearly so, with the second transverse cubital; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings are also nearly interstitial; stigma broad, widest near base, tapering regularly to apex; inner tooth of claw very minute, remote from apex of claw. Color black ; tips of clypeus, labrum, upper and posterior orbits, angles of pronotum, tegulae, apical half of femora, tibia1 and tarsi, and apical segments of abdomen yellowish ferruginous; stigma and costa and all veins reaching the body basally light yellow- ish, almost hyaline; other veins brown. Two males. Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 2G. Pachynematus infumatus new species. Male. — Length 8 mm.; robust, head not nearly as wide as thorax, not- narrowing back of compound eyes; clypeus very slightly emarginate, almost truncate; vertex rugose; walls about ocellar basin indistinct; antennal fovea extending laterally over bases of antennae, indistinctly defined; antennae much longer than head and thorax, tapering, some- what compressed basally; procidentia very broad, tapering, squarely truncate at apex, not keeled; venation normal; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black ; labrum, upper and posterior orbits, outer angles of pronotum; tegulae, outer two-thirds of femora, tibiae and tarsi, abdomen 108 except base of first segment dorsally, yellowish ferruginous; the tarsi and the extreme apices of the posterior tibiae, pronotum, and teguhe are distinctly infuscated; veins yellowish brown, stigma and costa lighter, but distinctly infuscated; wings distinctly smoky, especially centrally; small spot in center of the median and of the second cubital cell. One male. Agricultural College, Mich. (Coll. IT. S. Nat. Mus.) 27. Pachynematus thoracicus new species. Male. — Length 6 mm.; rather robust, head expanding back of com- pound eyes; antenna' slender, cylindrical, filiform, not compressed; clypetis broadly em ar gin ate, lobes rather pointed; pentagonal ridges sharply raised; antenna! fovea divaricating over bases of antennae; second recurrent and second cubital and outer veins of discal cells of posterior wings interstitial; stigma broad; claws with very minute inner tooth; procidentia very broad, protruding, tapering to roundly truncated apex. Color luteous ferruginous; antennae, triangular spot beneath, Large spot on vertex extending nearly to base of antennae and posteriorly to occiput, center of lateral lobes of mesonotum, small spot at apex of scntellum, central area of metanotum, including all of basal plates and the abdomen dorsally and ventrally except apex, black; thorax beneath and legs entirely yellowish ferruginous; wings hyaline; veins light brown; costa and stigma yellow, nearly hyaline. One male. Montana. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) In characters of head and antenna' and notably also in Colorational features this species agrees with remarkable closeness with the female of (ifjiiiis, and departs just as widely in these particulars from the male of that species. Then' is a possibility, therefore, that it is a hermaph- roditic form. 28. Pachynematus koebelei new species. Male. — Length 0 mm.; slender, elongate; head not expanding back of compound eyes, or slightly narrowed; clypens shallowly emarginate; vertex roughened with minute, dense tubercles; ocellar basin with indis- tinct limiting walls; frontal crest low and scarcely developed; antennal fovea circularly, deeply excavated; antenna' longer than head and tho- rax, tapering, strongly compressed, joints 3 and 4 subequal; proci- dentia narrow, protruding nearly twice its width, strongly keeled, rounded at apex; hypopygium very obtusely rounded at apex, short; claws with minute inner tooth remote from apex; venation normal; stigma moderately broad, widest at center. Color black, shining; apical half of femora, tibiae, and tarsi reddish ferruginous, more or less infuscated, particularly extreme tips of posterior tibia' and their tarsi; veins dark brown, almost black, including stigma, and costa. One male. Oregon. (Coll. U. 8. Nat. Mus.) 109 29. Pachynematus occidentalis new species. Male. — Length 6 mm. ; rather slender, elongate; head slightly narrow- ing back of compound eyes; clypens broadly and shallowly eniarginate; antennae short, stont, strongly compressed; crest rounded, unbroken; fovea deep, oblong, somewbat constricted medially; procidentia broad, rounded; venation normal, except that the third cubital cell is quite elongate, the sides but slightly divaricating; stigma robust; autenme very broad, flattened, and not much longer than head and thorax. Color black, shining; extreme apex of clypeus, labrum, part of angles of pronotum, teguhe, and legs light reddish brown; coxa*, except extreme tips, black; tips of posterior tarsi brownish; wings slightly infuscated; veins and stigma dark brown. Two males. Washington. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 30. Pachynematus carolinensis new species. Male. — Length 5 mm.; head much narrowed back of compound eyes; clypeus broadly, circularly eniarginate, lobes triangular; ocellar basin with distinctly defined limiting ridges; frontal crest strong, unbroken; fovea oval, shallow; antenna' elongate, tapering, slightly compressed basally; procidentia narrow, i>roduced, truncate at apex; third cubital cell very short, quadrate; outer cross veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial; stigma regularly rounded on lower margin. Color black; orbits, face beneath antenna4, mouth parts, pronotum, teguhe, large spot on upper half of mesepimera, venter, and legs yellowish resinous; posterior tarsi slightly iufuscated; wings hyaline; veins, including stigma, brown. Three males. Xorth Carolina. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 31. Pachynematus wrangeli new species. Male. — Length G mm. ; rather slender; head distinctly narrowed back of compound eyes; clypeus rather deeply incised, lobes medium, rounded at apices; vertex shining; walls about ocellar basin distinctly but not strongly raised,, rounded; frontal crest slightly broken; anten- nal fovea very distinct, clearly defined, circular ; antenna' long, tapering, slightly compressed basally, fourth joint distinctly longer than third ; upper discal cell of hind wings very slightly exceeding lower; prociden- tia scarcely projecting, nearly squarely truncate at apex, slightly con- stricted basally; hypopygium distinctly notched at tip; inner tooth of claw large, remote from apex. Color black, shining; triangular spot beneath antenna^, lower orbits, mouth parts, angles of pronotum, teguhe, coxai, trochanters, all of anterior legs, more or less of underside of pos- terior femora, and the venter yellowish white, more or less infuscated, giving a grayish aspect to the lighter-colored parts; veins, stigma, and costa to base dark brown. 110 Three males. Fort Wraugel, Alaska. Mr. II. P. Wickham, collector, (Coll. CT.S. Ka.tMus.) 32. Pachynematus minutus new species. Male. — Length 5 mm. ; slender, head not much narrowed back of com pound eyes; elypeus broadly em argin ate, lobes small, triangular; ocel- lar basin with low but distinct lateral walls: crest low, slighty broken ; fovea oval; antenna' rather long, slender, slightly compressed basally, joint 4 slightly longer than 3; venation normal; stigma very narrow, acuminate: claw with minute inner tooth not very remote from tip. Color black; tips of elypeus, labium, teguhe, last ventral segment of abdomen, and legs for the most part reddish yellow; coxa- and bases of femora black: wings slightly infuscated; veins brown: stigma scarcely paler. Three males. Olympia, Wash., May 6-16, 1894-95. Trevor Kincaid, collector. (Coll. Cornell Univ.) 33. Pachynematus nevadensis new species. Male. — Length (> mm.; slender, elongate; head somewhat narrowed back of compound eyes; elypeus shallowly, broadly emarginate, lobes narrow, rather sharp pointed; ocellar basin distinctly defined, walls rounded; antennal fovea oval, not very distinctly defined; antennae longer than head and thorax, strongly compressed, tapering, joints 3 to 5 subetjiial: venation normal: stigma moderately robust, widest at center; procidentia small, narrow, protruding, rounded at apex; claws with minute inner tooth not very remote from apex. Color black, shining: more or less of apex of elypeus, labruin and month parts, extreme angles of pronotum, begula3, legs except coxa', venter, and more or less of apex of dorsal sclerites reddish ferruginous, somewhat infus- cated, especially on bases of femora, trochanters, posterior tibia1 and their tarsi; posterior orbits narrowly and obscurely reddish; veins and stigina dark brown. i&j Five males. Nevada. ((Oil. Am. Ent. Soc.) XIV. Genus MICRONEMATUS Konow. Micronematw Konow. Deutsche Entom. Zeitsch., wxiv, 1890, p. 239. Body small, ovate; elypeus einargiuate at apex; claws with subapical tooth; pen- tagonal area obsolete; antenna short. liliform; costal vein greatly dilated at apex, first transverse cubital nerve present; eighth (seventh ?) dorsal segment of male with short carina; sheaths of female simple. — Konow. This genus seems to be of doubtful value and at least has no Amer- ican representatives. The only one of the European species which I have had the opportunity of examining, Micronematus pullus Forst., seems to belong to my new genus Gymnonychus. 111 XV. Genus LYGCEONEMATUS Konow. Lygceonematus Kouow. Deutsche Eutoinologische Zeitschrift, 1890, n, p. 238. Body elongate-ovate; clypeus truncate at apex; pentagonal area more or lesu distinct ; claws Avith short, suhapical tooth ; last dorsal segment of the male carinate, carina subproduced at apex; sheath of female simple. — Konow. As already indicated under the preceding genus, the characters given in the descriptions of the genera Pachynematus and Lygceonematus by Konow are insufficient to satisfactorily separate the species. For this reason most of the American species have been referred to the first- named genus. I have, however, placed two species in the genus Lygce- onematus which seem most typical in the characters supposedly peculiar to it. One of them, the European L. erichsonii Hartig, is also so referred by Konow. Almost all of the third group of species referred to Pachy- nematus could with equal propriety be placed in Lygceonematus. If it should seem later advisable to separate the material now referred to Pachynematus it could be best done, at least so far as the American species are concerned, on the basis of the characters indicated in the table of species separating groups 2 and 3, rather than on characters proposed by Konow. The two species referred to Lygceonematus may be roughly separated, as follows : Abdomen black 1. Winnipeg Norton. Abdomen, with four basal segments, orange yellow 2. erichsonii Hartig. 1. Lygaeonematus Winnipeg Norton. 1867. Nematus Winnipeg Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. L98. (Cat., etc., p. 60.) Female. — Length 8 mm.; very robust; clypeus truncate; lateral ridges of ocellar basin low, indistinct, frontal crest wanting; fovea small, shallow (antenna1 wanting); venation normal; stigma elongate, circular on lower margin ; sheath broad, rounded at apex ; cerci slender, tapering. Color black; head and thorax opaque: abdomen shining; clypeus in part, labrum, angles of pronotum, teguhe, apex of abdomen dorsally and ventrally, apices of coxa?, trochanters, and legs for the most part yellowish ferruginous; anterior femora brown on lower margin, posterior femora with the brown extending over the sides, especially apically; extreme apices of posterior tibia' and tarsi somewhat infus- cated; veins, including costa nearly to base and stigma, brown. One female, Oresson's type; a much-damaged specimen. Hudson Bay territory (Lake Winnipeg!). (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) The males referred to in the original description have been lost. 2, Lygaeonematus erichsonii Hartig. 1837.' Nematus erichsonii Hartig. Fain. Blatt. Holzwesp., p. 187. 1880. Nematus noiahilis Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, vili, p. 7. Later European references are omitted. 112 1881. Nematua erichsonii Ilagen. Can. Eut., xiii, p. 37. 1883. Nematua erichsonii Packard. Kept. U. S. Ent., pp. 138-146. 1883. Nematua erichsonii Packard. Bull. 3, Div. Put.. P. S. Dept. Agr., \)\). 2!), 30. 1883. Nematua eriehaonii Fyles. Can. Eut., XV, p. 205. 1881. Nematua eriehaonii Fletcher. Can. Ent., xvi, pp. 21,"). 216. 1884. Nematua erichsonii Packard. Am. Nat., xvill, pp. 293-296. 1884. Nematua eriehaonii Packard. Kept. U. S. Dept. Agrio., p. 377. 1885. Nematua erichsonii Provaucher. Add. Faun. Can. Hym., p. 5. 1885. Nematua eriehaonii Provancher. Nat. Can., xv, pp.38, 45-50. 1885. Nematua eriehaonii Fletcher. Rept. Dept. Agric, Ottawa, (an., ]». 28. 1880. Nematua eriehaonii Harrington. Can. Ent., xvill, p. :'•!'. L886. Nematua eriehaonii Provancher. Nat. Can., xvi, p. 32. 1887. Nematua eriehaonii Fletcher. Sept. Dept. Agrio., Ottawa, Can., p. 55. B88. Nematua eriehaonii Lintner. Fifth Rept. Ins. N. Y., pp. 1(51-173. 1889. Nematua eriehaonii Fletcher. Can. Ent., x\i, p. 152. 1890. Nematua erichsonii Packard. Fifth Kept. IT. 8. Ent. Comm., p. s7l>. 1890. Lygiojonematua erichsonii Konow. Deutsch. Pntoni. Zeit., xxxiv, p. 247. Female. — Length 11 nun.: exp. al. 22 mm. j large, moderately robust; head and thorax finely punctured, entire body shining; clypens scarcely emarginate, almost truncate; frontal and lateral ridges of ocellar basin rounded, indistinct; vertex nearly smooth; antenna] fovea long, shallow, deepest at apex; antenna' about as long as head and thorax, rather robust, tapering, joints 3 and 1 subequal; sheath broad, rounded, truncate at tip: cerci flattened, somewhat tapering; inter- costal cross vein hyaline, indistinct, but anterior to basal and nearly at right angles to cost a; first transverse cubital indistinct or wanting; stigma moderately broad, not acuminate; claw with minute inner tooth near apex. Color black: tip of clypens, palpi, basal two-thirds of tibiae, apices of trochanters, and extreme angles of pronotum whitish; femora, tips of anterior tibi;e and their tarsi, first four segments of abdomen above and beneath except base of lirst segment, orange rufous; extreme tips of middle femora above and hind femora a little more broadly, tips of hind tibiae and their tarsi, black; lower surface of antenme rufous; veins black, except costa, which is fulvous, and anal vein, which is whitish; wings somewhat infnscated; dusky spot in second cubital cell large, prominent. Male. — Length 8.5 to 9 nun.; slender, elongate, abdomen not wider than thorax; in general, structurally as in female; procidentia strongly keeled, somewhat constricted basally, short, not projecting beyond the seventh dorsal segment; last ventral segment slightly emarginate at apex. Color black ; antenme, three basal segments of the abdomen dor- sally except more or less of base of first segment, base of the fourth segment, all of venter of abdomen, and the legs except bases of coxae reddish yellow ; tips of the hind tibia1 and the hind tarsi brownish; face below antenme, more or less of lower orbits, pronotum, and tegulae whitish; wings as in female. Male described from one and female from many reared specimens from Canada. (Coll. IT. S. Nat, Mus.) Other females examined repre- 113 sent Labrador and Massachusetts — the latter Gressou's types of notabilis. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) XVI. Genus PRISTIPHORA Latreille. Pri8tiphora Latreille, Fam. Nat. du Regno Animal, Paris, 1825. Pristiphora Konow, Deutsche Ent. Zeits., xxxiv, 1890, p. 238. Body short, ovato; clypeus truncate at apex; pentagonal area obsolete; claws either with subapical tooth or bifid; first transverse cubital of anterior wings often wanting or hyaline; eighth (seventh!) dorsal segment of the male carinate, carina not prominent at apex; sheath of female with rather dense scopa at tip. — Konow. The species of this genus form a fairly well defined group, but are often referable rather from the sum of the characters than from any particular feature. The absence of the first cubital nerve is by no means constant, even in the same species, although usually a good generic character and to be relied upon. The claws are sometimes very evenly notched at the tips, but not deeply so. When this is the case, however, the smooth vertex, which is a very constant characteristic of the genus, taken in connection with the other characters, will usually determine the true affinities. Very little is known by actual rearings of the habits of the species, but in this particular they probably present no striking peculiarities. A number of them teed on willow and l\ idiota Norton is an important enemy of the cranberry. TABLE of SPECIES. Females I. Head, thorax and abdomen hlack. Wings strongly infhseated 1. nigra n. sp. Wings not or very slightly infuscated. Tegulae hlack. Head small, narrow, not much more than one-half width of thorax. Posterior tibiae and tarsi unicolorous, pale.. 2. la bradoHa Norton. Posterior tibiae pale, tips black; tarsi hlack.. 3. ttycophanta Walsh. Head broad, much more than one-half width of thorax. Posterior tibia' strongly infuscated, nearly hlack. 4. lata Cresson. Posterior tibia' pale except tips, which with tarsi are brown. 5. sishiyouensia n. sp. Tegulae pale. Labrum hlack; extreme tips only of hind tibiae hlack. Stigma brown (5. murtfeldtUu n. sp. Stigma luteous, pale at base 7. relatwa Norton. Labrum, together with tip of clypeus, pale; apical half of hind tibiae hlack 8. banksi n. sp. II. Head hlack; thorax and abdomen, or abdomen only, distinctly marked or banded with yellow. 1. Pronotum black or only the extreme angle yellow; abdomen, with segments 2 to 5, yellow, sometimes interrupted centrally above 9. idiota Norton. 2. Pronotum, with outer one-half, yellow; femora yellow; segments 1 to 4 reddish yellow, infuscated 10. dyari n. sp. 13449— No. 3 8 114 3. Proiiotuin as above; femora brown at tips or bases; segments 1 to t> yellow. Stigma three times as long as wide; costa not or scarcely paler than stigma 11. /ocularis Cresson. Stigma twice as long as wide; costa much paler than stigma. 12. hoodi n. sp. 4. Pronotnm yellow; thorax otherwise black; abdomen black, except lateral third of segments after the first and venter 13. koebelci n. sp. 5. Pronotum yellow; thorax and abdomen reddish yellow, marked with black. 11. bivittaia Norton. Mai €8. Femora altogether black, or at least hind pair. Pronotum and teguke black. Posterior tibiae pale, strongly infuscated at tips 5. siskiyouensisn.&p. Posterior tibia' strongly in t'nscal ed. nearly black I. lata Cresson. Pronotum black ; tegnlae pale; apical half of hind tibiae black . 8. hanksi n.sp. Femora black basally, paling apically; pronotum and clypeua black; labrum infus- cated !>. idiota Norton. Femora pale, except sometimes tips of posterior pair. Abdomen, with basal segments, yellow 11. /ocularis Cresson. Abdomen altogether black dorsally. Venter pale 15. oarolinensis n. sp. Venter black. Pronotnm and legs orange yellow 1G. luteola Norton. Pronotum and legs reddish yellow; genitalia strongly infuscated. 17. occidentalis n. sp. Pronotum black, except extreme angles; legs and genitalia yellow. 18. coloradensis n. sp. INDEX TO SPECIES <>l PRISTIPHORA. banksin. sp. S 9 s labradoris Norton 9 2 bivittata Norton 9 11 lata Cresson jocularis Cresson & 9 H sycophanta Walsh 9 3 koebelei n. sp. 9 13 tibialis Norton = sycophanta. 1. Pristiphora nigra new species. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; surface somewhat shining, head rather densely and finely granulate; clypeus scarcely em ar gin ate, almost truncate; elevations, frontal and ocellar, almost obsolete; antennal fovea broad, circular, shallow; intercostal cross vein about its own length anterior to basal and strongly inclined; first transverse cubital wanting, venation otherwise normal; stigma not greatly broadened at base; apex of costa considerably enlarged; scopaof sheath rather long and dense; cerci short tapering; inner tooth of claw short, obtuse. Color black; tibiae, except apices of posterior pair and bases of tarsi, lighter, inclined to whitish; wings strongly infuscated; veins, includ- ing stigma and costa, dark brown. One female. Easton, Wash. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 115 2. Pristiphora labradoris Norton. 1867. Nematus labradoris Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Sue, I, p. 190. (Cat., etc., p. 58.) 1878. Nematus labradoris Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 53. 1883. Nematus labradoris Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hyni., p. 185. Female. — Length 5 mm.; short, robust; head and thorax densely granulate-punctate, with uiinnte hoary pubescence; abdomen smooth, shining; head narrow, not more than half as wide as thorax, strongly trilobed when viewed from above; clypeus broadly but very shallowly emargiuate, almost truncate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin indistinct, almost wanting; fovea indistinct; antennae short, slender, scarcely tapering, third to fifth joints subequal; intercostal cross vein nearly twice its length anterior to basal vein, inclined; third cubital cell not much more than twice as long as wide at base, venation otherwise normal; stigma tapering regularly to somewhat acuminate apex from rather broadly ovate base; sheath tapering on both edges to rounded extremity, and with very distinct and heavy scopa; cerci strongly tapering; inner tooth of claw minute. Color black; margin of labrum, bases of mandibles and palpi, tibia1 and tarsi, apical half of anterior pair and extreme tips of two posterior pairs of femora, fulvous, more or less infuscated; veins light yellowish brown, including stigma and costa; wings hyaline, or but slightly infuscated. One female, Norton's type ( ?). Labrador. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 3. Pristiphora sycophanta Walsh. 1866. Pristiphora sycophanta Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil.. VI, p. 263. 1867. Pristiphora sycophanta Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 76. (Cat., etc., p. 46). 1867. Pristiphora tibialis Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 76. (Cat., etc., p. 46). 1878. Pristiphora tibialis Provancher. Nat. Can., X, p. 50. 1881. Pristiphora sycophanta Packard. Bull. 7, U. S. Ent. Connn., p. 141. 1882. Nematus sycophanta Kirhy. List Hym. Brit. Mns., i, p. 110. 1882. Nematus tricialis Kirhy. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 140. 1883. Pristiphora tibialis Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 182. 1886. Pristiphora sycophanta Provancher. Add. Fanu. Can. Hym., p. 22. 1890. Pristiphora sycophanta Packard. Filth Rept. U. 8. Ent. Coram., p. 598. 1894. Nematus tibialis Dalla Torre. Cat. Hym., I, p. 266. 1895. Pristiphora sycophanta Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., in, p. 267. 1895. Pristiphora tibialis Dyar. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxu, p. 301 (larva). Female. — Length 5 mm.; moderately robust; head small, narrow, not much more than half the width of thorax; clypeus nearly truncate; vertex smooth, ridges rounded, subobsolete; fovea very minute, circu- lar; antenna? slender, slightly tapering, third joint much longer than fourth; claw with very minute inner tooth; venation normal, except that the second cubital is wanting. Color black, shining, including mouth parts and teguhe; anterior and middle tibia' and tarsi yellowish; posterior tibia1, except apical third, whitish; wings nearly hyaline; veins and stigma brown. 116 One female. Nevada. (Ooll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) A specimen from Ithaca. X. Y., lias also been referred, doubtfully, to this species. Mr. H. G. Dyar reared this insect from green larvae found on white birch (Betula papyrifera) at Keene Valley, N. Y., and also on willow and yellow birch at Jefferson, N. Yr. 4. Pristiphora lata Ores son. 1880, Netnatua httus Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Boc., vm. p. 4. Female. — Length 5.5 mm. ; short, very robust; head nearly as wide as thorax, not noticeably trilobed, finely granulate; body generally clothed with fine hoary pile; clypeus truncate; frontal crest and sides of ocellar basin entirely wanting; antenna] fovea very minute, shallow, circular; antennae short, not longer than head aud thorax, somewhat compressed, tapering, third and fourth joints subequai; intercostal cross nerve nearly interstitial with basal, inclined; third cubital cell not more than twice as long as wide at base; venation otherwise normal; sheath not very robust, tapering on both edges, with distinct scopa; cerci minute, not tapering; inner tooth of Claw very minute. Color black; head and tho- rax opaque, abdomen shining; clypeus, apical two- thirds of first pair of femora and their tibiae, and tarsi fulvous, inclined to fuscous; posterior tibia- and tarsi fuscous; wings hyaline; veins dark brown ; extreme angle of pronotum fulvous. Male. — Characters in general as in the female. Color the same, except that the female sometimes has the extreme tip of the pronotum yellow; antennae robust, short, strongly compressed; first cubital cross vein hyaline. Easily distinguished from all other males of the genus by the black pronotum and teguhe, and black or strongly infuscated hind tibiae. Two females and one male. Nevada. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. aud U. S. Nat. Mus.) This species is very closely allied to labradoris, but differs particularly in the much wider head relative to the thorax, and also in minor details. 5. Pristiphora siskiyouensis new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; head large, nearly as wide as thorax; vertex smooth, shining, with no indications of ridges; clyp- eus nearly truncate; antennal fovea wanting, or nearly so; antennae slender, slightly tapering, third joint much longer than fourth; claw with minute inner tooth ; venation normal, except that second cubital is wanting. Color black, shining, including mouth parts and teguhe; anterior tibiae aud tarsi pallid, the tarsi slightly infuscated; posterior tibiae white, except tips, which, with posterior tarsi, are brownish, almost black; wings hyaline; veins and stigma brown. Male. — Agrees with female in colorational characters; antennae stouter and somewhat compressed, distinctly tapering; easily distin- guished by the black i)rouotuni and teguhe from other species, except 117 the closely allied lata, from which it may be separated by the characters of the hind tibia1. Two males and one female. Siskiyou County, Oal. April. Mr. Albert Koebele, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) This species is closely related in general appearance to sycophanta Walsh, but differs distinctly in shape and size of head relative to thorax. 0. Pristiphora murtfeldtiae new species. Female. — Length 6 mm.; not very robust, shining; head and thorax very finely punctured; clypeus truncate; antennal fovea shallow, indis- tinct, merging into the smooth ocellar region; antennae moderately stout, joint 3 longest; intercostal vein more than its length anterior to basal; third cubital cell not more than twice as long as wide at base; inner tooth of claw obtuse, rather large. Color black; teguhe, tro- chanters, tips of anterior femora, all tibia1 except tips of posterior pair, anterior pairs of tarsi and bases of posterior pair, fulvous. One female, reared by Miss Mary Murtfeldt, at Kirkwood, Mo., from a smooth, greenish sing with black head, found feeding on black willow. Adult issued April 10, 1887. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 7. Pristiphora relativa Norton. 1867. Pristiphora relatives Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 77. (Cat. etc., p. 47.) 1882. Nematus relativus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 1 tO. Female. — Length 0.18, br. wings 0.38 inch. Color shining black. Antenna1 as in P. tibialis. Head coriaceous, without sensible depressions about the ocelli; edge of nasus incurved. Tegulae and legs whitish; coxae and a wide band on the femora black; tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi, except basal joint, fuscous. Wings hyaline, stigma and costa luteous, the latter pale at base; second submarginal cell contracted at junction with third cell. Great Slave Lake, H. B. T. R. Kennicott, collector. This is not as stout as the preceding species (tibialis), but resembles it much. I have not examined the type of this species, and merely reproduce the original description. 8. Pristiphora banksi new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; rather robust; head nearly as wide as thorax; clypeus rounded in front, not at all emarginate; vertex without ridges around ocellar basin, deeply and coarsely punctured; antenna1 tapering, third joint longest; claws with minute inner tooth; venation normal, except that second recurrent is wanting. Color black, shining; apex of clypeus, labrum, teguhe, apices of coxa*, trochanters, and tibia' for the most part pallid; anterior tarsi slightly infuscated; apical half of posterior tibia? and the posterior tarsi black. Male. — Agrees for the most part in structural and colorational char- 118 acters with the female. Antenna1 are stouter and somewhat compressed. Differs from the female in that the pronotum is entirely black. One male and one female. Sea Cliff, Long Island, and Ithaca, N. Y. Mr. Nathan Banks, collector. (Coll. II. S. Nat. Mus.) 9. Pristiphora idiota Norton. 1867. Pristiphora idiota Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i. p. 77. 1867. Pristiphora identidem Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 77. (Cat., etc., p. 47.) 1869. Pristiphora identidem Glover. Rept. U. S. l')ept. A#r., p. 207. 1S70. Pristiphora identidem Packard, (Jnidoto Study of Insects, p. 217. 1872. Pristiphora identidem Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., IV, p. 78. 1S77. Pristiphora identidem Glover. Rept. I'. S. l>rpt. Agric, p. 92. 1878. Pristiphora idiota l'rovanclicr. Nat . ( '.in.. \. p.50. 1881. Pristiphora identidi m Thomas. LOth Rept. State Ent, 111., 1880, p. 69. 1882. Nematus idiotus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 140. 1883. Pristiphora idiota Provahcher. Faun. Ent, Can. Hym., p. 182. 1883. Pristiphora identidem Saunders. Ins. Inj. to Fruits, p. 373. Female. — Length 5 mm.; moderately robust; head with coarse, deep puncturing; ridges on cither side of anterior ocellus pounded, nearly obsolete: clypeus nearly truncate; antenna' slender, third joint very much longer than fourth, fourth and fifth subequal; sheath rather slender, rounded at tip. with dense bordering fringe of hairs; claws with minute inner tooth; venation normal, except that the first cubital cross vein is wanting. Color black, shining; clypeus and palpi, teguhe, and central area of abdomen, latter more or less interrupted dor sally, yellow; legs yellow: femora usually brown basally and a pically, especially on upper and lower margins, or brown with sides reddish yellow; tips of posterior tibiae and tarsi brown; wings hyaline: veins brown. Male. — Agrees with female in structural and colorational characters, except thai the abdomen is entirely black. Antennas are considerably stouter than those of the female, cylindrical, not at all compressed. Many specimens of both sexes. New Hampshire. (Colls. Am. Ent. Soc. and U. S. Nat. Mus.) 10. Pristiphora dyari new species. Female. — Length 5.5 mm.; xevy robust; head with coarse, dense puncturing; frontal ridge slightly elevated; fovea shallow; clypeus nearly squarely truncate; antennas tapering, third joint longest; sheath not very broad, rounded at apex, with dense bordering hairs; claws minutely cleft, sharp, inner tooth near apex; venation normal, except that first cubital is wanting. Color black, shining; clypeus, outer half of pronotum, teguhe, segments 1 to 4 of abdomen, and legs reddish yellow; apical third of posterior tibia; and their tarsi black; wings hyaline; veins dark brown. One female. Keene Valley, N. Y., June 21, 1891. (Coll. Dyar.) 119 11. Pristiphora j ocularis Cresson. 1880. Pristiphora ^ocularis Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, yiii, p. 3. 1882. Nematus j ocularis Kirby. List Hyiu. Brit. Mas., i, p. 141. Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust; head coarsely punctured; vertex with ridges about anterior ocellus present, but rounded and indistinct; antennal fovea circular, shallow; elypeus squarely truncate, and with labrum clothed with rather dense and long, whitish hairs; sheath stout, with rather dense hairs ; first cubital wanting ; stigma three times as long as wide; claw tooth small and near apex, approaching bifid. Color black, shining, subsericeous ; labrum and tip of elypeus pallid; outer half of angles of pronotum, tegulaj, abdomen except two apical segments, and legs for most part yellow; extreme bases of coxae black; tips of posterior femora, tips of posterior tibire and their tarsi, brownish black; wings nearly hyaline; veins, including stigma and costa, dark brown. Male. — Length 5 mm.; structurally as in female, except that the ridges of vertex are practically obsolete ; fovea very shallow, almost wanting; antenna1 compressed, tapering; procidentia short, keeled, constricted basally. Color as in female, except that the abdomen is black above, banded with yellow on second and third segments; poste- rior femora brown only at extreme tips above. Cresson's type specimens, one male and one female. Morrison, col- lector. Nevada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 12. Pristiphora hoodi new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; robust; head coarsely punctured; vertex, with ridges about anterior ocellus, rounded, subobsolete; antennal fovea circular, distinctly excavated anteriorly; elypeus squarely trun- cate; sheath broad, thickly clothed with hairs toward apex; claws with minute inner tooth near apex; first cubital wanting; stigma about twice as long as wide. Color black, shining, subsericeous ; tip of elypeus and labrum whitish; outer half of angles of pronotum, tegular, abdo- men except three terminal segments, and legs for the most part reddish yellow; outer half of posterior femora brown, anterior femora slightly infuscated basally; tips of posterior tibiae and their tarsi infus- cated; basal half of coxae black; basal plates tinged with rufous; wings hyaline; veins brown, costa somewhat paler; first cubital cross vein hyaline. Que female. Mount Hood, Oreg. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) This species comes very close to Cresson's jocular h, but differs, per- haps, sufficiently to warrant a new species. 13. Pristiphora koebelei new species. Female. — Length 6 mm.;, robust; head coarsely and rugosely rough- ened with little tubercles; lateral ridges about anterior ocellus obsolete; 120 frontal crest moderately developed, obtuse; fovea shallow, elypeus truncate; antennae moderately stout, scarcely tapering until near tip, third joint not, or scarcely, longer than fourth; venation normal, except that the first cubital is hyaline : sheath with dense fringe of hairs; claws, with rather large inner tooth, approaching bifid. Color black, shining: apex of elypeus, labrum. pronotum, teguhc, abdomen, and legs for the most part reddish yellow; basal segment of abdomen, narrow line down center of dorsum of following segments, more or less interrupted at sutures, black; posterior tarsi and extreme tips of posterior tibiae black: bases of all coxa1 black; band on mesonotum, just above scutellum, rufous; wings hyaline, or nearly so: veins and stigma dark brown; spot in second cubital cell large and prominent. Four females. Washington. (Colls. U. 8. Xat. Mus. and Am. Bnt. Soc.) It. Pristiphora bivittata Norton. 1861. Nematua bivittatua Norton. Proe. Boston Soc Nut. Hist., vni., p. 158. 1867. Nematua bivittatua Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. i. p. 219. I ( at., etc., p. SI.) 1S7S. Nematua bivittatua Provancher. Nat. Can.. \. p. .".(>. L883. Nematua bivittatua Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Ilvm., p. L88. Female. — Length 6.5 mm.; robust, shining; head densely and linely tuberculatc-granulate. opaque, clothed with sericeous hail's; elypeus nearly squarely truncate; ocellar and frontal ridges almost wanting; antenna! fovea shallow, tapering anteriorly, indistinct: antenna' very robust, last four joints tapering somewhat suddenly, third to fifth joints Subequal, more robust; sheath not very broad, obtusely pointed, scopa not very long but dense: cerci short, tapering; claws with rather long inner tooth; intercostal anterior to basal and almost at right angles With cost a: wings otherwise normal; first transverse cubital wanting; stigma ovate at base, tapering regularly to apex. Color in general reddish orange; elypeus, labrum, bases of mandibles, inclined to pallid; head above elypeus and antenna', stripe on lateral lobes of mesonotum and sometimes on anterior lobe, scutellum, me tanotum, lateral dorsal angle of first segment, narrow stripe along center of dorsum, termi- nating on next to last segment, lower third of mesepimera, and sheath black or dark brown; tips of hind tibiae and the hind tarsi strongly infuscated; veins, including stigma and cost a nearly to base, dark brown; first transverse cubital hyaline, indistinct. Four females. Canada, Massachusetts, and Illinois. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 15. Pristiphora carolinensis new species. Male. — Length 5 mm.; rather slender; vertex without prominent ridges about anterior ocellus, somewhat roughened, with minute tuber- cles; frontal crest obsolete, fovea very shallow or nearly wanting; elypeus nearly truncate or very broadly and shailowly emarginate; 121 antenna' slender, elongate, joints slightly enlarged at tips; second cubital hyaline; outer veins of discal cells of hind wings interstitial; procidentia broad, strongly keeled; claws with minute inner tooth remote from apex. Color black, shining; clypens, month parts, pro- notum, teguke, legs, central area of abdomen ventrally, pale yellowish; apical half of posterior tibia' and their tarsi brownish black; wings h valine; veins light brown. Three males, two without locality labels and one collected in North Carolina. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) IT). Pristiphora mteola Norton. 1807. Nematus luteolus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 200. (Cat., etc., p. 62.) 1878. Nematus luteolus Provancher. Nat. Can., x. p. 55. 1883. Nematus luteolus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Ilvm.. p. 185. 1893. Nematus luteolus McGillivray. Can. Ent., xxv, p. 238. Male. — Length 6 mm.; rather slender, elongate, shining; head and thorax strongly punctured; clypens squarely truncate; oeellar and frontal ridges subobsolete; antennal fovea very shallow, broad; an- tenna' very robust, flattened, tapering, longer than head and thorax, joints 3 to 5 subequal; venation normal, except that intercostal vein is nearly at right angles to costa and the first transverse cubital is subobsolete or hyaline; upper discoid al cell of hind wings sometimes extending more than J its length beyond the lower cell; procidentia very broad, slightly excavated at tip, not projecting; hypopygium dis- tinctly notched at tip; claws with rather large, prominent inner tooth. Color black; clypens, labrum, bases of mandibles, palpi, legs for the most part, pronotum, and teguhe yellowish ferruginous; tips of poste- rior tibia' and tarsi fuscous; veins, including costa and stigma, except base of latter, brown. Two males. Illinois and Massachusetts. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 17. Pristiphora occidentalis new species. Male. — Length 5 mm.; not very robust; head roughened; lateral walls about anterior ocellus entirely wanting; crest present, rounded; fovea shallow; clypens truncate; antenna' tapering, compressed ba sally ; procidentia broad, not projecting beyond seventh segment ; claws with minute inner tooth near apex; second cubital cross vein present; third cubital cell quadrate. Color black, shining; clypeus yellowish; pronotum, tegukv, and legs reddish yellow; posterior tarsi infuscated; wings slightly smoky; veins and stigma dark brown; costa yellowish; genitalia strongly infuscated, nearly black. Three males. Oregon and Washington. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 18. Pristiphora coloradensis new species. Male. — Length 5 mm.; not very robust; head roughened with minute tubercles; ridges about anterior ocellus wanting; crest indistinctly 122 raised; fovea shallow; clypens truncate; antenna1 stout, tapering, fourth joint longer than third; first transverse cubital wanting; claws with minute inner tooth. Color black, shining; distinct pubescence on pleura; apex of clypeus, labruin, extreme angles of pronotum, teguhe, and legs for the most part yellow; coxa- black basally: posterior tibia- at tips and their tarsi infuscated; wings hyaline; veins light brown; genitalia yellow. One male. Colorado. (Ooll. Am. Knt. Soc.) XVII. Genus GYMNONYCHUS nov. gen. | From yi'/uu'ot, naked, ami oi'i'f claw. I Body short, ovate; antenna short, filiform, third joinl longest; venation of I'ris- tiphora, sec.. ml cubital with both recurrent nervures; Lanceolate cell petiolate; stigma ovate; iii> of clypeus more or less emarginate; pentagonal area of vertex indistinctly outlined or wanting; flaws simple, without inner tooth; sheath of femalo simple, obtusely pointed at tip. This genus is separated from the preceding, Pristiphora^hy (lie posses- sion of a simple claw, without inner branch or tooth. The type of the genus is the species designated as californicus. Examination of the species of Pristipkora indicates also that appendiculatus Hartig (=gro8- sularia Walsh) falls in this genus. These two species are very impor- tant ones economically, the Latter being a well-known enemy of the gooseberry and the former reported to be a very serious enemy to the pear in various localities in California. TABLE <>I 8PK< TES. Wry short, robust: angles of pronotum broadly yellow. ( lypeus and labrnm black 1. californicus n sp. Clypens ami labrnm pale 2. proximatua Norton. Somewhat less robust : pronotum unicolorons. ( lolor black 3. appendiculatus Hartig. Color resinous, incline*! to reddish 4. resinicolor u. sp. 1. Gymnonychus californicus new species. Female. — Length 4.5 mm.: very short and robust, shining; head densely punctured, rather «opaque; clypens very slightly emarginate; frontal crest wanting or very slightly indicated; antenna* very short, not as long as head and thorax, filiform, third joint longest; intercostal nearly at right angles with costa, interstitial with basal; venation other- wise normal ; stigma short, broad, ovate at base ; apex of costa strongly thickened; sheath broad, slightly emarginate beneath and acuminate at tip ; claws simple. Color black ; angles of pronotum, tegulae, trochan- ters, apices of femora (particularly anterior pair), tibia', and tarsiyellow- ish ferruginous; the posterior tibia' and tarsi particularly somewhat infuscated; veins, including stigma and costa, dark brown; wings hyaline. 123 Eleven females, one collected at Brockport, N. Y., the others bred from larva^ found on pear trees near Sacramento, Cal., the adults issu- ing in March. (Coll. U. S. Nat, Mus.) This sawfly was reported by Matthew Cooke to be very injurious in 1881-82 about Sacramento, Cal., and in adjoining counties. It feeds on the leaves of pear trees, skeletonizing them more or less, somewhat after the manner of the common cherry and pear slug. It forms little brown cocoons about the base of the tree, in which the larvae hibernate, the adults issuing early in March. A second brood, apparently, was obtained in the latter part of April, indicating the probable occurrence of several annual broods. Mr. Koebele also sent specimens of this sawfly from Na- toma, Cal., reporting it to be most destructive to pear trees in that region. He also noticed the same species ovipositing on pear trees at Santa Clara. If disturbed, the parent insect falls to the ground and remains Fm.lQ.—Gymnonychus calif ornicus: a, female; b, lateral view of tip of abdomen, showing sheath andcercus; c, claw and pulviUus— all enlarged (original). motionless for a time, with the antenna' and legs bent closely to the body. The characteristic features of the adult insect are indicated in the accompanying figure (fig. 10). It is probable that this is the unde- termined pear sawfly referred to by Dr. J. A. Lintner as being very injurious in the Hammond nurseries, Geneva, N. Y., May 29, 1804. (2nd Kept. N. Y. State Entom., 1885, p. 5.) 2. Gymnonychus proximatus Norton. 1861. Xe7natit$ proximatus Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vin, p. 160. 1867. Nematiis proximatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 202. (Cat., etc., p. 64). 1878. Nematiis proximatus Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 55. 1883. Xematus proximatus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 185. Male. — Length 5.5 mm.; rather slender, shining; head and thorax punctured; clypeus squarely truncate; crest of head rounded, almost 124 wanting: antennal fovea indistinct or wanting, at most very shallow; antenna' not very robust, flattened, tapering, joints 3 to 5 subequal; venation normal; stigma not very robust, tapering; procidentia very broad, obtuse, strongly keeled: hypopygium broad, rounded at apex; claws without inner tooth. Color black; clypeus, labrnm, and month parts pallid: angles of pronotum, tegnhc, more or less of apical half of femora, the anterior tibiae and tarsi, and the basal two-thirds of tibiae yellowish; more or less of bases of femora, especially of hind pair and apiees of hind tibia' and tarsi, and the tips of anterior tarsi brownish black; veins, including stigma and costa, the latter nearly to base, dark brown. One male. Canada. (Coll. Am. Ent. Soc.) 3. Gymnonychus appendiculatus Ilartig. L823. PrisHphora pallipes Lepeletier. Mongr. Tenth., p. 60. is:;r>. Nematus flavipe* Dahlbom. Conspei b. Tenth. Scan., p. 9. ls:^7. Nematus appendiculatus Hartig. Fam. Blat. Holtz., p. 202. L866. PrisHphora grossularia Walsh. Pract. Ent., i,pp. 117-125. L866. Pri8tiphora grossularia Walsh. Pract. Ent., n. pp. 20, 33. 18i»7. PrisHphora grossularia Norton. Trans. Am. Ent., Soc. i. p. 77. 1867. PrisHphora grossularia Walsh. I 'met. Ent., ti, )>. 121. 1868. PrisHphora rufipes Fitch. 12th Rept. Ins. X. V.. p. 908. 1869. PrisHphora grossularia Walsh ami Riley. Am. lint., m. pp. 12-22. 1870. PrisHphora grossularia Packard. Guide t<> Study of Ins., p. 217. 1S7<». PrisHphora grossularia Glover. Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr., p. 77. Is7.">. PrisHphora grossularia Glover. Rept. U.S. Dept. Agr., p. 118. 1S77. PrisHphora grossularia Riley. 9th Rept. Ins. Mo., pp. 23-26. 1877. PrisHphora grossularia Packard. !Mh Rept. 1'. S. Geol. and Geog. Snrv., L875, p. 7*7. 1N77. PrisHphora grossularia Glover. Rept. CLS. Dept. Agr., p. 92. 1878. PrisHphora grossularia Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 56. 1X80. PrisHphora grossularia Provancher. Nat. ('an.. \n,p. 126. isso. PrisHphora grossularia Thomas. ">th Rept. Ins. 111., p. 69. 1880. PrisHphora vufipes Thomas. 5th Rept. Ins. 111., p. 70. 1883. PrisHphora grossularia Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hyin., n, p. 182. iss:>. PrisHphora grossularia Stoddard. Am. Encycl., i, p. 135. L883. PrisHphora grossularia Saunders. Ins. Inj. to Fruits, p. 343. 1890. PrisHphora appendiculata Konow. Ueutsch. Ent. Zeit., xxxiv, )>. 217. Female. — Length 5 mm.: rather short, robust; head narrow, not nearly so broad as thorax; clypens truncate; vertex smooth, shining; frontal crest nearly obsolete; antenna' slender, filiform, scarcely longer than head and thorax, joints decreasing in length apically from third; antennal fovea very minute, circular; sheath scarcely project- ing, tapering, rather densely clothed with hairs; claws simple; first cubital cross vein entirely wanting. Color black, shining; tegulse and legs light yellowish; bases of coxae brown; anterior femora basally infuscated; antenna' fulvous or light yellowish beneath; wings nearly hyaline; veins and stigma yellowish brown. In some specimens the hind femora are also strongly infuscated. 125 Seven females. New York, Illinois. Missouri, and Colorado. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) 4. Gymnonychus resinicolor new species. Female. — Length 5 mm. 5 moderately robust ; clypeus squarely trun- cate; vertex smooth, shining; antenna! fovea and ocellar basin obso- lete; antenme slender, scarcely tapering, third and fourth joints sub- equal; sheath not produced, rounded at tip; cerci very robust, short, acuminate; claws simple; intercostal vein nearly interstitial with basal; stigma broad, rounded on lower margin. Color dark resinous, inclined to reddish; spot about ocelli, center of anterior lobe of mesonotum, most of metanotum, and the center of dorsum of abdomen brownish black; antenna1 brownish above; wings clear; veins yellowish brown; stigma lighter, almost hyaline. One female. Fort Wrangel, Alaska. Mr. II. F. Wickham, collector. (Coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.) XVIII. Genus DINEURA Dahlbom. Dineura Dahl.. Conspect. Tenth. Scand., p. 13, 1835. SPECIES. americana Provancker. Nat. Can., xni, p. 292, 9,1882. (Canada.) lateralis Norton. Trans. Ani. Ent. Soc, 1, p. 240, 9,1867. (Maine.) linita Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soe., 1, p. 240, 9,1867. (Maine.) litura Klug. Mag. Ges. Nat. Er. Berlin, vin, p. 83, 9,1814; Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1, p. 240, 1867. (Georgia.) luteipes Cresson. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vin, p. 11, $ , 1880. (Canada and Maine.) pallida Ashmead. Bull. Col. Biol. Assn., 1, p. 15, 9,1890. (Colorado.) The species linita and lateralis are very closely allied, it not identical, and luteipes may prove to be merely the male of one of them. XIX. Genus HEMICHROA Stephens. Hemichroa Steph. 111. Brit. Ent., Mandib., vn, p. 55, 1838. SPECIES. albidovariata Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., iv, p. 81, 9, 1872. (Texas and Elorida.) fraternalis Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, IV, p. 81, J, 1872. (Texas.) nigricans Cameron. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., p. 482, 1881. (Mexico.) The second species, fraternalis, will very probably prove to be the male of the first, as indicated both by resemblance and habitat. 126 ' APPENDIX. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES THE TYPES OF WHICH ARE LOST OK INACCESSIBLE. The types of the following" species have either been lost or are inacces- sible. The latter applies to the species described by William F. Kirby, the types of which are in the British Museum. It is probable that Eschscholtz's two species are not now obtainable. Of the other species, one each described by Say, Fitch, and Walsh, and the rest by Norton, the type specimens are lost and 1 have been either unable to recognize them from the rather inadequate descriptions or to secure additional specimens representing them. .V few of these species are so character- ized that it is possible with tolerable accuracy to refer them to genera, and in such cases 1 have indicated the probable genus to which they belong. Some of those referred to Pteronus may, however, belong to Atnauronemattts, and some of those referred to Pachynematus may belong elsewhere. The descriptions by Kirby are so inadequate that nothing can be determined of the position or relationship of his species, and to properly refer them will necessitate an examination of the types themselves. The species the genera of which can not be determined, are all given under the old term Nematus, though probably none of them belong in this genus as now restricted. The original descriptions are quoted without change, and, other than those of Kirby's species, are taken from Norton's Catalogue. INDEX TO SPECIES. abbottii Kirby 9 22 malacus Norton 2 8 calais Kirby $ 12 monela Norton <£ 11 eastaneus Kirby 9 13 neglect us Kirby 9 17 erassus = obtusus lit nortonii 1 'alia Torre,/ 5 extraneus Kirby 9 II nigri t us Norton $ 9 lallax = nortonii 5 obscurns Norton 2 18 fur Walsh,? 1 obtusus Kirby (? f) 19 hudsonicus Norton 9 2 rufofasciatus Norton 9 6 ineonspicuus Kirby 9 15 Saskatchewan Norton 9 7 lateralis Norton 9 3 Bumptus Norton £ 10 lougicornis Eschscboltz ( 9 0 1(1 suratus Fitch ( 9 f) 20 longulicornis Norton ^9 1 trifurcatus Kirby 9 21 1. Amauronematus (?) fur Walsh. I860. Nematus'fur Walsh. Proc. Ent. Soc, Phila., vi, p. 20:;. 1867. Nematus fur Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.. i, p. 206. (Cat., etc, p. 68.) 1895. Xematusfm- Marlatt. Proc. Ent. Soc, Wash., in, p. 267. Male. — Length 0.39 inch; br. wing 0.38 inch; black; head opaque, very minutely and closely punctuate, rugose; clypens, labrnm, the extreme tip of the cheek, and the base of the mandibles all dull greenish white; clypens emarginate in a circular arc of about 4T> , with a small tubercle in the middle of its anterior margin; labrum fully as long as wide, its tip rounded; antenna- black, four-fifths as long as body, rather more compressed than is usual in males, fourth and fifth joints equal in length, third shorter by one-fourth; thorax opaque, very minutely rugose, subpol- 127 ished on the pectus; a pale subtriangnlar tubercle on the lateral margin of the black, subpolished, basal plate; abdomen subpolished, bright fulvo-rufous, the basal edge of joint 1, next the basal membrane, which is whitish, clouded with black; genitals obfuscated; legs black: wings subh valine, slightly tinged Avith fuliginous; veins and stigma black. Kock Island, 111. One male bred March 29, from an old subpeduncled spherical gall of Cecidomyia •5. batatas Walsh, on S. humilis. Female unknown. As the mother sawily must have deposited her egg in this gall after the gall maker had quit it, or not long before, it is a question if this species can be considered an inquiline. There is very little doubt but that this is the same with X. luteoter/jum male, which only differs in having the legs in j>art piceous and in being somewhat smaller. (See note 2, p. 22.) 2. Pteronus (?) hudsonicus Norton. 1867. Xematns hudsonievs Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., I, p. 207. (Cat., etc., p. 69.) Black ; orbits, mouth, teguhe, anterior angle, venter, and legs, except a black line on two posterior pair, white; length 0.38; br. wings 0.70 inch. Female. — Antenna- less than half as long as the body, joints cylindrical, somewhat enlarged at tip, third and fourth of equal length; sutures at sides of ocelli deep; ocelli in a triangular basin; nasus very slightly emarginate; orbits, space about antenna1 and mouth beneath, teguhe, anterior anglo (a black line in middle), and the venter whitish, the latter Avith a row of black spots on each side forming an inter- rupted black line; scutel large, produced behind a slightly raised angle; legs dull Avhite, with the basal upper half of anterior femora, a line down the upper side of posterior femora, and tibia' and their tarsi black; anterior inner spur of tibiae blunt, bifid; inner tooth of claAv large ; Avings hyaline; stigma and costa brown; emargina- tion of stigma distinct. One female. Fort Good Hope, Mackenzie KiA'er, Hudson Bay Territory (B. Ken- nicott). 3. Pteronus (?) lateralis Xorton. 1867. Nematus lateralis Xorton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 211. (Cat., etc., p. 73.) Black; orbits, face below antenna-, pleura, body, body beneath (except breast), and legs pale; length 0.38; br. Avings 0.76 inch. Female. — Antenna' half the length of body, joints cylindrical, third and fourth equal, slightly enlarged at tips; sutures at sides of ocelli deep; lower ocellus in a shallow circular Bpace, which has a distinct ridge around its upper half; nasus pro- duced, distinctly emarginate in middle and at sides; tongue and palpi dark, last joint of maxillary palpi shorter than the preceding; the whole orbits as far as sutures, two spots behind ocelli, a spot above antenna', space around, and face below reddish Avhite; sutures of metathorax and a bent line between upper wings crossing upper half of scutel rufous; teguhe. anterior angle, pleura, and body beneath except a black spot on breast reddish Avhite; legs the same color; tarsi fuscous; a slender black line on the upper and lower side of femora, and less distinctly on the posterior tibiae; anterior inner tibial spur bifid; inner claw tooth large and near the tip; wings hyaline: nervures black; stigma pale, with little or no emargination above; second recurrent nervure received at a distance from the intersection of second and third cells. Var. Abdomen almost entirely pale. Three females. Brunswick, Me. (A. 8. Packard). Albany, X. Y. (Dr. Peck). This species, though distinct from, seems somewhat closely allied to my hyalinus n. sp. 128 4. Pteronus longulicornis Norton. 1835. Nematus longicornis Say. Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., i, p. 219. 1859. Nematus longicornis Say. LeConte, Say's Entomology, ii, p. 07!). 1861. Nematus longicornis Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., yiii, p. 158. 1867. Nematus longulicornis Norton. Trans. Am. Eut. Soc, I, p. 214. (Cat., etc., p. 76.) Black; orbits, lace below an tenn;r. teguhe. anterior angle, pleura (except black spot on female), the whole body beneath, and legs whitish. Length 0.26; br. wings 0.54 inch. Female. — Body rather long; antenna- black, nunc than two-thirds tho body, slen- der, third and fourth joints equal, head rather smooth; sutures at sides of ocelli distinct; lower ocellus in a basin, which is smooth and shining, obovate, with dis- tinct edges; nasns angnlate, emarginate; labium emarginate; a spot on vertex from antennae to summit, and the back of head black; remainder pale; a slender ridge runs through the groove on anterior lobe of thorax; the tegnhc, anterior angle, pleura, and whole body beneath whitish, except two black spots on pleura, the ante- rior one large and lnnnlatc; scutel black; sutures of abdomen indistinctly pale; legs pale, with the apical half of hinder femora and tibia> and their tarsi blackish; inner tooth of claws large and near the tip; wings hyaline; st igma full ; nervines and stigma piceous; base of stigma and costs pale. Hale. — Antenna- fulvous beneath, third joint shorter than fourth, curved at base; a straight, black line under the anterior wings; tips of posterior tibia- blackish, their femora pale; stigma color of costa. Iowa (Say), Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Great slave Lake, Hudson Bay Territory. This species seems to be allied to corneUi u. sp. 5. Pteronus (?) nortonii Da 11a Tone. 1867. Nematus fallax Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., [, p. 108. (Cat., etc., p. 60.) 1894. Nematus nortonii Dalla Torre. Cat. llym., i, p. 246. Black ; mouth, cheeks, apex of \ enter, and tibiae in part reddish white; a black line down the tibia- above ; body slender; length 0.18 to 0.20; br. wings 0. 11 to 0.48 inch. Male. — Snining black; body slender ; antenna- rather long and slender, ferruginous beneath; nasns hardly incurved and with mouth below; lower half of cheeks and apex of venter yellow red; legs at base black, below the base of femora yellow red, with a blackish line down their upper side; inner anterior tibial spur stout; inner tooth of claw nearly as large as outer; wings perfectly hyaline, iridescent; stigma somew hat rounded above and with the costa pale greenish. Labrador \\. S. Packard, jr. }. Two males. (}. Pteronus rufofasciatus Norton. 1867. Nematus rufo-fasciatus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 205. (Cat., etc., p. 67.). Black; a baud on the middle of abdomen and most part of Legs rufous; wings smoky hyaline; length 0.34 ; br. wings 0.70 inch. Female. — Black ; body long and moderately stout; antenna? about two-thirds tho length of body, slender, cylindrical, third joint but little longer than fourth; head dull, with coarse, continent punctures; nasus coarsely punctured, deeply channeled across the middle, angnlate, emarginate; edge of labrum incurved; outer orbit and a spot opposite ocelli on each side, labrum, and palpi rufous; upper half of anterior angle and basin on each side of scutel rufous; abdomen, except the basal plates and three apical segments, chestnut red; legs the same color; coxa1, except at tip, black ; anterior inner tibial spur stout, apparently bifid ; inner claw tooth large; wings smoky hyaline, nervines piceous; stigma and costa pale. Mackenzie River, Hudson Bay Territory (R. Kennicott). 129 7. Pteronus (?) satkatchewan Norton. 1867. Nemai lus satkatchewan Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 200. (Gat., etc., p. 62.) 1878. Nematus satkatchewan Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 56. 1883. Nematus satkatchewan Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 187. Black; teguhe black; breast rufous; legs mostly yellow red; wings hyaline; length 0.38; br. wings 0.76 inch. Female.- Shining black; body long; antenna1, long and slender, apical joint shorter than the preceding; the ocelli, seen from before, are each in a separate basin; nasus incurved; fourth joint of palpi short, fifth and sixth longer and very slender; thorax polished ; labrum piceous; a large chestnut-red spot on pectus; legs same color; the trochanters and anterior tarsi whitish; posterior tibiae, except at their base, and their tarsi black; anterior tibial inner spur stout, blunt pilose so as to appear bifid; inner claw tooth large; wings hyaline; stigma black. Lake Sathkatchewan (Smithsonian Institution). One female. 8. Pachynematus (?) malacus Norton. 1867. Nematus malacus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,.i, p. 196. (Cat., etc., p. 58.) 1878. Xematus malacus Provancher. Nat..Can., x, p. 53. 1883. Nematus malacus Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. Hym., p. 185. Black; teguhe, trochanters, and legs below knees pale; length 0.28; br. wings 0.60 inch. Female. — Shining black; body short and stout; antennas slender, joints of nearly equal length; lower ocellus in a shallow basin; nasus hardly incurved; teguhe and col- lar whitish; coxae, femora, and tips of posterior tibia> and of all the tarsi black; claws slightly dentate within; trochanters, anterior femora before, tibia', and tarsi except at tip white; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale greenish, second submarginal widest at first recurrent nervure. Labrador (A. S. Packard, jr.). Three females. 9. Pachynematus (?) nigritus Norton. 1861. Nematus nigritus Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vill, p. 159. 1867. Nematus nigritus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 201. (Cat., etc., p. 63.) Black; outer orbits and mouth, teguhe, apex of abdomen, and legs in part pale; length 0.21; br. wings 0.48 inch. Female. — Black; body slender; antennae two-thirds the length of body, slightly flattened and enlarged at joints, third joint shorter than fourth; nasus hardly einar- ginate; an outer orbital line as high as suture, edge of nasus and beneath pale pice- ous; teguhe and apex of abdomen and several apical segments of vertex yellowish; trochanters, apical half of femora, tibiae, except tips of hinder pair, and base of tarsi reddish white; remainder black; inner tooth of claw very short, blunt and distinct from outer tooth; wings hyaline, nervures piceous, middle of stigma and base of costa paler; second submarginal cell with one angle below, the second recur- rent nervure coinciding with dividing nervure. Connecticut. Two males. This may be the male of N. subalhatus. 10. Pachynematus (?) sumptus Norton. 1867. Nematus s umptus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 207. (Cat., etc, p. 69.) Black; mouth, orbits, and teguhe white; basal half of abdomen, spot on pleura; and most part of legs rufous; length 0.28; br. wings 0.62 inch. Male. — Body long; head large; mouth below antenna1, the outer orbits extending over the back of head, and a narrow inner orbital line interrupted opposite ocelli yellow; nasus emarginate; teguhe and anterior angle whitish; abdomen chestnut 13449— No. 3 9 130 red, the two apical segments blackish; aii indistinct, piceous, perpendicular spot on pleura near breast; coxae and trochanters whitish; remainder of legs rufous, paler before, except the posterior tibiie and tarsi, which are blackish; hinder tibia* some* what swelled; inner tooth of claws very obtuse, hardly visible; wings hyaline, faintly smoky ; stigma dark brown. Maine (A. S. Packard). One male. 11. Lygaeonematus (?) monela Norton. 1867. Xvmatus monela Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. IDS. (Cat., etc., p. 60.) 1878. Xematus monela Provancher. Nat. Can., x, p. 54. 1883. Xematus monela Provancher. Faun. Ent. Can. llym., p. 184. Black; mouth, spot on cheeks, tegula*, collar, and venter pale; base of coxa' and of femora and tips of hinder tibia* black ; length 0.20; br. wings 0.48 inch. Male. — Black; body slender; antennae slightly compressed, third joint hardly as long as fourth; lower ocellus in a small basin; nasus emarginate; edge of nasus, labrum, and spot at base of mandibles white; tegula', two edges of anterior angle, and apex of venter yellow red; legs yellow red; trochanters white; base of coxai, base of femora and a line beneath extending nearly to tip, apex of posterior tibiae, and their tarsi black; inner apical tarsal spur blunt; inner claw tooth small and widely separated from outer; wings hyaline; stigma and costa pale, waxen color. Labrador. Two males. | Mr. Packard.) 12. Nematus Calais Kirby. 1882. Xematus calais Kirby. List. Ilym. Brit. Mus.« I, p. 144. Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. Female. — Head and thorax black, finely punctured; pleura and pectus shining; abdomen testaceous, the last two segments blackish ; legs testaceous, tour front femora blackish at base, intermediate tibia' with a dark line above; hind tibiae and tarsi blackish, the former rather widened and flattened; wings hyaline, with piceous stigma and nervures; lore wings clouded in the middle, and with apparently only three submarginal cells, the two first being divided by a white nervure. Arctic America, Mackenzie River. 13. Nematus castaneus Kirby. 1882. Xematus eastaneus Kirby. List llym. Brit. Mus.,i, p. 147. 1893. Xematus eastaneus McGillivray. Can. Ent., XXV, p. 237. Exp. al. 9 lin. ; long. corp. 4 j lin. Female. — Chestnut color ; head, niesothorax, and pleura darker; antenna', a large square spot on the vertex, a spot in front of the thorax, and the pectus black; an irregular spot covering the hinder half of the scutellum, the postscutellum, a por- tion of the first segment of the abdomen, and extremities of hind tibia*, and bind tarsi dusky; wings hyaline, fore wings slightly yellowish; stigma and nervures piceous. Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany Kiver. 14. Nematus extraneus Kirby. 1882. Xematus extraneus Kirby. List Hyrn. Brit. Mus., I, p. 142. Exp. al. 7 liu. ; long. corp. 3 lin. Female. — Testaceous; two basal joints of antenna', a large irregular spot on ver- tex, and three large spots on the thorax black; abdomen with a black band in the middle, covering most of the three first segments and expanded on the three following ones, ceasing with segments 7 and 8, on which it is not expanded; extremities of hind tibia* and of joints of hind tarsi slightly marked with blackish above; wings hyaline; costa and stigma pale yellowish ; three submarginal cells. Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany River 131 15. Nematus inconspicuus Kirby. 1882. Nematus inconspicuus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 141. Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long, corp. 4 lin. Female. — Head, antennae, thorax, and pectus black; mouth and prothorax yellow- ish; abdomen black above and testaceous beneath, with a narrow border on the sides and at the back of each segment; legs testaceous; Wings hyaline; costa yel- lowish; three submarginal cells. New York. 1G. Nematus longicornis Eschscholtz. 1822. Nematus longicornis Eschscholtz. Entomogr., p. 98. 1823. Nematus longicornis Eschscholtz. Nat. Abb. Dorp., i, p. 149. 1867. Nematus longicornis'Sorton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, I, p. 202. (Cat., etc., p. 64.) Black, with the margin of tergum fuscous ; the venter and legs pale, posterior femora black, costa of wings pale, stigma brown, head black, labrum yellowish, eyes clear gray ; length 21 lines ; antennae longer than the moiety of body, setaceous, black; corselet black, its anterior border forming a yellowish collar; abdomen wide, flat ; back brownish ; lateral margins of a clear yellow ; venter yellow ; wings longer than the body, narrow, transparent ; costa yellow ; stigma and nervures brown ; three discoidal cells; legs yellow,* posterior femora black-brown in the middle. Isle of Unalaska, Russian America. 17. Nematus neglectus Kirby. 1882. Nematus neglectus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 147. Exp. al. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. Female. — Head and thorax black; mouth and prothorax pale; a more or less com- plete testaceous ring around the eyes; sides of pectus sometimes writh a dull rufous spot; abdomen testaceous, first two segments black at base above; legs testaceous; front femora black at base ; middle femora and hind legs black; hind tibi;e rufous beneath; wings hyaline, male with three and female with four submarginal cells; stigma yellowish. Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls. 18. Nematus obscurus Xorton. 1861. Nematus obscurus Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vm, p. 160. 1867. Nematus obscurus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 203. (Cat., etc., p. 65. "> Dull black; teguhe, base of abdomen, and knees indistinctly ferruginous; length 0.25; br. wings 0.58 inch. Female. — Black, pubescent; third joint of antennae a little longer than fourth; clypeuscrenate; labrum brownish red, shining; mandibles rufous at tip ; palpi pale; a longitudinal groove upon scutelluin; basal membrane, sides of tergum, knees, and front of tibia? indistinctly ferruginous; abdomen stout; wings faintly clouded; stigma dull fuscous; costa black. Massachusetts. 19. Nematus obtusus Kirby. 1822. Nematus crassus Eschscholtz. Entomogr., p. 213. 1823. Nematus crassus Eschscholtz. Naturw. Abh. Dorp., I, p. 149. 1867. Nematus crassus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 213. (Cat., etc., p. 75.) 1882. Nematus obtusus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 148. Black; sides of the head, lines on the thorax, scutellum, and pleura chestnut; tibwne pale; length 4 lines. Body thick; head black in the middle, of a nut brown on the sides; parts of the 132 mouth yellow: antenna' longer than the moiety of the body, filiform, black; border of tbe eorselet brown; two longitudinal lines on tbc thorax; scutel and the greater part of the thorax of a chestnut brown; abdomen convex, shining black; wings longer than the body, wide, transparent; stigma and costa yellow; nervures brown; marginal cell simple, extending almost to the tip; three discoidal cells; legs yellow; a long black spot under the anterior femora ; posterior femora black, at the extrem- ity yellow. Isle of Unalaska, Russian America. Not seen (Norton). 20. Nematus suratus Fitch . 1856. Xematus suratus Fitch. 3d Kept. N. Y. Agr. Soc, p. 315, No. 94. (3rd Kept. Ins. N. Y., p. 68.) 1861. Xematus suratus Norton. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 159. 1867. Xematus suratus Norton. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, i, p. 196. (Cat., etc , p. 60.) Black, with four transparent, slightly smoky wings; mouth, cloud-like spot on the shoulders, edges of abdominal segments, and legs livid white; the four anterior thighs being black upon their undersides and the hinder pair wholly black, except at their base; length 0.25 inch ; to the tip of wing 0.30 inch. New York. Not seen (Norton). Food-plant, cherry. 21. Nematus trifurcatus Kirby. 1882. Xematus trifurcatus Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., i, p. 148. Exp. al. * lin.; long. corp. 1 lin. Female. — Testaceous; antenna- black; a large square black spot on vertex; three large black spots in front and on the sides of the thorax, sometimes nearly continent ; hinder half of the scutellum black ; all the segments of the abdomen except the last (beyond which the black tips of the saws and sheaths project) are more or less broadly banded with purplish black in the middle; sides and under surface testa- ceous; fectus black m the middle; a black line down the hind legs; wings hyaline; nervures piceous; stigma yellowish ; three submarginal cells. This species appears to be allied to .V. cratsui Each, (obtusus Kirby), from Alaska. Hudson Bay, St. Martin's Falls, Albany River. 22. Nematus abbotii Kirby. 1882. Ifi/pohrpus abbotii Kirby. List Hym. Brit. Mus., pp. 324-325. Exp. al. 11 lin. ; long. corp. 6 lin. Female. — Blue black, shining; third segment of abdomen testaceous on the sides, and less distinctly so above; wings iridescent, clear hyaline toward the base, and more dusky beyond, with blackish nervures. North America (Georgia). Probably from Abbott's collection. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Page. abbotii (Nematus ?) 132 abdoiniualis (Pachynematus) 104 acuminata (Pontania) 32 sequalis (Priophorus) 20 affinis (Pacbynematus) 97 agilis (Pontania) 28 albidovariata (Hemicbroa) 125 albiricta (Euura) 20 A mauronematus 75 americana (Dineura) 125 Anoplonyx 20 antennatus (Pteronus) .• 61 apicalis (Pachynematus) 107 appendiculatus (Gymnonycbus) 124 ater (Pacbynematus) 102 atra (Pontania) 37 atriceps (Pteronus) 52 atriventris (Pontania) 38 anrant iacus (Pacbynematus) 95 auratus (Pachynematus) 99 auratus (Pteronus) 60 aureo]>ectus = extensicornis (Pacbynema- tus) 96 aurita- (Camponiscus) (Europe) 18 banksi (Pristipbora) 117 bicolor (Anoplonyx) (Europe) 18 bicolor ( Pteronus) 56 bivittata ( Pristipbora) 120 borealis ( Amauronematus) 79 bruneri (Pontania) 35 brunneus ( Amauronematus) 85 calais (Nematus f) 130 californica (Pontania) 38 californicus ( Amauronematus) 85 californicus (Gymnonycbus) 122 californicus (Pteronus) 60 Camponiscus 20 carintbiacus (Camponiscus) (Europe) 18 carolinensis (Pacbynematus) 109 carolinensis (Pristiphora) 120 castaneus (Nematus ?) 130 chalceus (Amauronematus) 84 cbloreus (Nematus) 90 Cladiua 19 clypeatus (Pachynematus) 102 coloradensis (Pachynematus) 101 coloradensis (Pristiphora) 121 coloradensis (Pteronus) 52 comstocki (Amauronematus) 77 concolor ( Amauronematus) 77 cooki (Amauronematus) 79 coquilletti (Amauronematus) 84 Page. cornelli (Pteronus) 65 corniger (Pachynematus) 104 corylus (Pteronus) 57 crassus = obtusus (Nematus) 131 cressoni (Pontania) 26 Croesus 86 decoratus (Pteronus) 73 desmodioides (Pontania) 40 dimmockii (Pacbynematus) 94 Dineura 125 discolor (Amauronematus) 82 dorsivittatus = vertebratus (Pteronus) 68 dubius (Pteronus) 74 dyari (Pristiphora) 118 dyari (Pteronus) 58 ed wardsii (Pteronus) 63 erichsonii (Lyga?onematus) - 111 erythrogaster (Pteronus) 57 Euura 20 excavata (Pontania) 30 excavatus (Amauronematus) 85 extensicornis (Pacbynematus) 96 extraneus (Nematus ?) 130 fallax = nortonii (rteronus ?) 128 flavipes = appendiculatus (Gymnonycbus) . 124 foveatus (Pteronus) 55 fraternalis (Hemicbroa) 125 fulvicrus (Pteronus) + 58 fulvipes (Amauronematus) 81 fur (Amauronematus?) J 26 fylesi (Pteronus) 54 gracilis (Amauronematus) 78 gracilis (Pontania) 39 graminis (Pachynematus) 100 gregarius (Trichiocampus) 20 grossulariae = appendiculatus (Gymnony- cbus) 124 Gymnonychus 122 barringtoni (Pteronus) 53 Hemichroa 125 Holcocueme 87 hoodi (Pachynematus) 104 hoodi (Pristiphora) 119 hospes = pomum (Pontania) 36 hudsonicus (Pteronus?) 127 budsonii (Pteronus) 59 budsonii magnus = budsonii (Pteronus) 59 Iiyalina (Pontania) 37 hyalinus ( Pteronus) 67 Hypolsepus 132 identidum = idiota (Pristiphora) 118 idiota ( Pristiphora) 118 133 134 Page. inconspicuous (Nematus ?) 131 infumatus (Pa< •lnnemalus) ,. 107 inquilinus desmodioidea (Pontania) 40 integer (Pteronus) 69 iriiles* ens (Pteronus) 72 isomera — pectinicornis (Cladius) 19 jocularia (Pristiphora) 119 kineaidi (Pontania) 33 kincaidi (Pteronus) 55 koebelei (Pachynematua) 108 koebelei (Pristiphora) 119 koebelei (Pteronus) 71 labradoris (Pristiphora) 115 lata (Pristiphora) 110 lateralis (Dinetua) 125 lateralis (Pteronus.') 127 latifasciatna | Pteronus) 60 laticulns iCm-susj 86 latitarsos (Croesus) M latUS (Ptenmus) 48 Leptopus 18 limhatus ( Pteronus) 49 lineatna (Amanronematna) Units (Dineura | 125 lit ura (Dineura) 125 lombardte (Pteronus) 78 longicornis (Nematus .') 131 longicornis (Pteronus) 72 128 longulicqrnis (Pteronus?) 128 luridiventria (Camponisous) (Europe) 18 luteipes (Aniauronematus) 70 luteipes (Dineura) 125 lut cola i Pristiphora) 121 Luteotergum ( Aniauronematus) 92 luteaeens viminalis (Trichiocampus) 20 Lygssonematua Ill magus (Pteronus) 67 malacua (Pachynema tun f) 129 marlattii (Pteronus) 52 marylandicua extensicornis | Pachynema- tus) 96 I mellina (Pontania) 'J'.t mendicus (Pteronus) 69 Ifessa 37 niexieana (Euura) 20 mexicanna (Nematus) 88 Micronematus 110 militaris (Pteronus) 63 ] minutns (Pachynematos) 110 monile (Pontania) 43 ' monela (Lygseonematus?) 130 monochroma ( Pteronus) 74 monti vagus (Pachynematua) 101 murtfeldtise (Pristiphora)... 117 Nematus 87 ' peglectns (Nematus f) 131 nevadensis (Pachynematus) 110 nevadensis (Pon(ania) 29 nigra (Euura) 20 nigra (Pristiphora) 114 nigricans (Hemichron) 125 nigrita (Pontania) 27 nigritua (Pachynematua?) 129 nigrofemoratus ( Aniauronematus) . 79 nigropectus (Pachynematua) 103 nortonii (Pteronus ?) 128 Page. notabilis — erichsonii (Lyga?onematns) 111 ohscurus (Nematusf) ^ in obtudus (Nematus?) 131 occidentalia (Pachynemattts) 193 occidentalis (Pristiphora) 121 occidentalis (Pteronus) 48 ocreatua (Pachynematus) 95 odoratua ( Pteronus) (;."» orbitalia (Amanronematna) 8.) orhitalis (Euura) 20 oregonensis (Aniauronematus) 80 ovatus (Anoplonyx) (Europe) 18 Pachynematus 91 pacifies (Pontania) 35 paciflcus (Pteronus) 49 pallicornis (Pontania) 27 pallida (Dineura) 125 pallidiventralis palliventris ( Pachynema- tua) 106 palli I'rona ( Pontania ) 42 pallipea appendiculatus (Gymnonyohua) . 124 palliventria (Pachynematus) IOC parva (Pontania) 26 pectinioornifl (( lladiua) 19 pectoralis ( Amauronematus) 81 peetoralia (Anoplonyx) (Europe) 18 pectoralis (Pontania) .. 31 pergandei (Xeinatus) 90 perturbana s. ovum (Euura) 20 pinguidorsum | Pteronus) 71 pisum (Pontania) 33 placenta (Pontania) 42 pleurioua (Pachynematus) 100 pomum (Pontania) 36 Pontania 20 pontunioides (Nematns) 89 populi (Pteronus) 59 Priophorua 20 Pristiphora 113 proximatus (Gymnonychus) 123 Pteronus 44 pubescens (Pachynematus) 100 punctulatua (Pachynematus) 103 pyriformifl (Pontania) 43 quercioola: pisum (Pontania) 33 quercus (Pteronus) 67 rapax (Aniauronematus) 78 relativa (Pristiphora) 117 resinioola (Pontania) 30 resinioolor (Gymnonychus) 125 ribesii (Pteronua) 61 tibia : ribesii (Pteronus) 61 robini£ea=tri]ineatua (Pteronus) 66 robusta (Pontania) 32 robustua (Pachynematua) 102 rutipes ( Amauroneniatus) 78 rufipes- appendiculatus (Gymnonychus) . . 124 rufocinctus (Pteronus) 56 ruibfasciatus (Pteronus?) 128 rugulosa (Pontania) 41 ruralia (Pachynematus) 94 salicicola (Euura) 20 sal icicola — t'ulvicrus ( Pteronus) 58 salicis desmodioidea = deamodioidea (Pon- tania) 40 salicia = fulvicrua (Pteronus) 58 135 • Page. salicis = nodus (Euura) 20 salicis odoratus -~ odoratus (Pteronus) 65 salicis-ovum (Euura) 20 salicis pisum = pisum (Pontania) 33 salicis-pomum = poiuum (Pontania) 36 satkatchewan (Pteronus ?) 129 semirufas = fulvipes (Amauronematus) 81 siinilaris = trilineatus (Pteronus) 66 simplieicornis ( Priophorus) 20 siskiyouensis (Pristiphora) 116 solitaris (Priophorus) 20 stigmatalis (Pontania) 39 Btigmatus (Pteronus) 74 suadus (Pachynematus) 98 subalbatus (Pachynematus) 105 snlphurea (Pontania) 41 sumptus (Pachynematus) 129 suratus (Xematus ?) 132 sycophants ( Prist iphora) 115 thoracicus (Pachynematus) 108 thoracicus (Pteronus) 61 Page. tibialis = sycophanta (Pristiphora) 115 Trichiocampus 20 tricolor (Pteronus) 56 trifurcatus (Xematus ?) 132 trilineatus (Pteronus) 66 trimaculatus = ribesii (Pteronus) 61 tritici (Pachynematus) 1 06 trivialis = sycophanta (Pristiphora) 115 trivittatus = mendicus ( Pteronus) 69 truncata (Pontania) 38 unicolor (Xematus) 88 uuicolor (Pteronus) 72 vancouverensis (Pteronus) 70 ventralia (Pteronus) 50 ventricosus=iibesii (Ptei*onus) 61 vertebrat us ( Pteron us) 68 viminalis (Trichiocampus) 20 violaceipennis = concoloi ( Amaurouemat us) 77 vicinalis (Pteronus) 48 Winnipeg (Lygteoneroatus) Ill wrangeli (Pachynematus) 109 Technical Series No. 4. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. SOM E MEXICAN AND JAPANESE INJURIOUS INSECTS LIABLE TO BE INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED STATES. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1896, LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, 1). C, April 15, ls<)C>. Sir : I have the honor to submit for publication the fourth number of the technical series of bulletins of this Division. It is composed of a group of articles, chiefly of a descriptive character, which relate to injurious insects liable to be imported into the United States. Respectfully, L. (). Howard, Entomologist. Hon. J. Sterling Morton, Secretary of Agriculture, LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Pig. 1. Aapidiotue albopttnctatua ; anal plate of female. 2. Parlotoria thece var. viridis; anal plate of female. ;>. MytUaspis carinatus ; anal plate of female. 1. A8pidiotu8 secretus ; anal plate of female. 5. Chionaspis lutmbusti : anal plate of female, ti. Parlatoria thece ; anal plate of female. CONTENTS. Introduction /,. 0, Howard.. Report of a trip to investigate insects of economic importance in Mexico. C. If. Tyler Townsend.. Insects injurious to stored cereal and other products in Mexico. /'. //. Chittenden . . Notes and descriptions of the new Coccidse collected in Mexico by Professor Townsend T. J). A. Covkerdl.. A list of scale insects found upon plants entering the port of San Francisco. ilexander (raw. . Some ( loccidse found by Mr. ( 'raw in the course of his quarantine work at San Francisco T. J). A. Cockerel! . . Some new species of Japanese Coccidse collected by (). Takahashi. T.D. A. Coekerell.. I Page. 5 9 26 :;i 40 12 17 INTRODUCTION. Of the articles which compose this bulletin, three relate to Mexican insects, one specifically to Japanese insects, and two to insects which enter the port of San Francisco, mainly from Japan but also from other Pacific ports, principally those of Hawaii and Australasia. In a paper read before the Peninsula Horticultural Society, at Dover, Del., on Jan- uary 11, 1895, and published in Insect Life (vol. vn, pp. 332-339), the writer called especial attention to the great and constant danger of the importation of injurious insects new to the United States, and sounded an especial note of warning regarding the Mexican border. One of his first official acts on assuming charge of the Division of Entomology in June, 1894, was to secure the temporary appointment of Prof. C. H. Tyler Townsend to conduct a brief investigation of the injurious insects of northern Mexico which are liable to be carried across the border, and the first three papers of this bulletin give the technical results of this short investigation, the first paper, by Professor Town- send himself, possessing also some popular interest. The whole subject, as a matter of fact, is one which deserves popular as Avell as technical treatment, and a popular summary may be given at another time. Our danger from Mexico is fast becoming realized. A great influence in bringing about popular appreciation of this danger has been the advent in Texas cotton fields of the Mexican cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, and quite recently resolutions have been adopted by the Board of Control of the New Mexico Agricultural Exf>erinient Station, recom- mending the stationing of horticultural quarantine officers at southern ports and the appointment of an agent of this Department to study injurious insects in Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. There is fortunately not the same danger of the importation of injurious insects from Japan and the Pacific islands that there is from Mexico. This is largely owing to the excellent legislative acts which are in force in California and to the work of the State Board of Hor- ticulture. It is necessary, however, for even the executive officers of the State Board of Horticulture of California to be familiar with the insects which are liable to be imported, and it was with this fact in view that my predecessor in office, Prof. C. V. Riley, secured the serv- ices for a short time of Mr. Otoji Takahashi, a Japanese entomologist who had been trained by Prof. J. H. Comstock at Cornell University, to conduct a short investigation, particularly of the scale insects affect- ing citrus plants. Mr. Takahashfs employment was brief, and lie Was unfortunately situated at a great distance from the orange-growing region. He' secured, however, several interesting scale insects, which are described by Professor Cockerell in the concluding article of the series. Of the injurious insects of Japan other than scale insects we should have a more explicit knowledge. We already know of the existence there of a larva affecting the peach, an account of which was given in Insect Life (vol. n, pp. 64-66), which would be a most unde- sirable importation. We also know that the Japanese gypsy moth, Ocneria japonica, if accidentally introduced into this country, might prove as serious a pest as the European gypsy moth has shown itself to be in Massachusetts. But with other injurious insects of this and other orders we are more or less unfamiliar. Further investigations in tli is line are, therefore, very much to be desired. In 1893 a large collection of unnamed Japanese insects of different orders was exhibited at the Chicago Exposition by Dr. K. Milsukuri, of the Imperial University, Tokyo. Japan. This collection was depos- ited in the U. S. National Museum at Washington, and is now being named by specialists in different orders. Many of the insects are undoubtedly injurious, but we have no notes of their exact habits. Quite recently a small lot of Japanese insects was sent to the writer by Mr. M. Matsumura, of the Sapporo Agricultural College, who is taking up economic entomology, and as these specimens were accompanied by notes as to food plants the sending was an exceptionally interesting one. Among them the following are of especial interest: Spilodcs kodzukalis Holland MS.; very injurious as a stalk borer to grasses. A species of Ancylolomia very like our Chilo oryzceellus; very inju- rious to rice stalks as a borer. Rhodophcea hollandella Ragonot; rolling the leaves of pear. Nephopteryx rubrizonella; boring into the fruit of pear. Caccrcia rosaceana Harris; rolling leaves of apple. (This species. occurs abundantly in this country.) Hyponomeuta sp.; eating the leaves of apple and pear. Orgyia ganostigfna (a common European species); eating the leaves of apple and pear. Lavernaf sp. ; very injurious to apple, working in the fruit like the codling moth and spinning its cocoon in the earth.. Exartema f sp. ; an injurious bud moth of the mulberry tree. Tinea sp.; near granella; attacking stored rice. Myelois sp. ; attacking stored grain. Bombyx mandarin us Moore (the species which is believed to be the wild form of the silkworm of commerce); eating tlie leaves of the mul- berry tree. Stenobothrw bicolor Charp. (?); a grasshopper which is very injurious to vegetation in general. Parapleurm aUiacus Germ. (?); another grasshopper which attacks the rice plant. Sitodrepa panicea (cosmopolitan); very troublesome to stored food. (One specimen of Ptinusfur was found with the preceding.) Tabanus sp.f attacking domestic animals. The Lepidoptera of this collection were examined by Rev. Dr. AY. J. Holland, who has given us most of the names, and the two grasshop- pers were named by Professor Bruner. The publication of the list of scale insects found upon plants enter- ing the port of San Francisco, by Mr. Alexander Craw, quarantine officer and entomologist of the State Board of Horticulture of Cali- fornia, renders this bulletin far more complete than it could otherwise have been made, and Mr. Craw's courtesy in furnishing this list is highly appreciated. The technical descriptions of new forms found by Mr. Craw have been drawn up by Professor Cockereil, to whom they were sent by Mr. Craw with the request that the manuscript be for- warded to this office for publication in this bulletin. The publication of these technical matters in the present shape is desirable, for the reason that it will place upon record facts and descrip- tions concerning the species mentioned which will enable an entomolo- gist to recognize any of the forms discussed, in case at any time they appear or establish themselves in any part of the country. Thus, if an injurious scale insect is brought to the attention of the entomologist of the Louisiana Experiment Station, for example, and he finds that it is new to his locality, he can probably, by consulting these pages, ascer- tain whether it was imported from Mexico or from some other point. Having ascertained that it is an importation, and perhaps a recent one, the necessity for exterminating, and not palliative remedial work, will be at once apparent. Further investigations of this character are, as stated above, very much to be desired. Results of more immediate value are, however, to be obtained on other lines of work, and the Entomologist has felt loath to recommend the spending in this direction of more than a very small part of the funds at his disposal. L. (). H, SOME MEXICAN AND JAPANESE INJURIOUS INSECTS LIABLE TO BE INTRODUCED INTO THE UNITED STATES. REPORT OF A TRIP TO INVESTIGATE INSECTS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN MEXICO. By C. H. Tyler Towxsexd, Temporary Field Agent, Division, of Entomology. LETTER OF STBMTTTAL. Las ('rices. X. Mex., October 31, 1S94. Sir: I have the honor to submit the inclosed report on my investigations of economic insects in Mexico, made between September 20 and October 20, 1894. Pursuant to your instructions, I visited most of the principal agricultural districts situated along the railroads over the plateau region, and also visited the ports of Ouaymas and Tampico. On growing crops little else was met with besides scale insects (Coccidae) and their enemies. These are of the utmost economic importance, and, therefore, were carefully collected and are all mentioned in this report, whether found on crops or other plants. Whenever practical, ranches and plantations of importance in the vicinity of stopping places were visited and thoroughly inspected; but when the distance was so great or the time so short as to render such trips impracticable the time was devoted to the inspection of all available plazas, gar- dens, patios, etc., in the different places visited. The idea was constantly kept in mind that those species which occurred in regions from which much produce was shipped were more likely to become imported, and inquiries were made of proper authorities in this regard. Very respectfully, yours, C. H. Tyler Townsexd, Temporary Field Agent. Mr. L. O. Howard. Chief. Division of Entomology. U. S. Department of Agriculture. INTRODUCTORY. The present report treats of such insects of economic importance as could be found in Mexico in the limited time at my disposal for visit- ing the different agricultural districts, and which stand any chance of being introduced into the United States. Only such regions as are situated along the railroads were visited, ports excepted, as from these only would pests be liable to reach our country through shipment of fruit, produce, plants, etc. Enemies of injurious insects were collected 9 10 wherever found, and some of these may prove of importance for intro- duction, i. e., certain enemies of scale insects. My thanks are due to Mr. Charles E. Hale, American vice-consul at Guaymas; Hon. John Maguire, American consul at Tampico) Sehor U. Ferreira, of Ilermosillo, a well-informed man on scale insects of the orange; and to many others for favors shown ami assistance served the same on the mesquite, but the latter was probably a different species. At Hormosillo it was found in the plaza on orange, and very sparingly in the orange orchards of that vicinity. At Magdalena it was found in great abundance on some orange trees in the patio of a hotel and in the plaza, and on one lime tree in the same place. At Victoria it was found in large numbers on orange; October 10 on leaves along midrib on underside. At Monterey it occurred on orange trees in one of the plazas. This species is found elsewhere in California, Florida, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Sandwich Islands, 2. Orihezia sonorensis Ckll. n. sp. — Found numerously near San Ignacio, Sonora, September 20, on plant called "gecota," Jfymenoclea movogyra. This is a large spe= cies of Orthezia, larger than any hitherto known. 3. Orthezia imignis Dough, var. — Found abundantly on many orange trees in Gua- dalajara, October 9 and 10, in different parts of the city. In Aglias Calietites it was extremely abundant on a small lime tree October 11, covering the whole tree. A single specimen was also found on tomato. Tho true imignis is found out of doors only in Jamaica, Trinidad, and Demerara. It occurs in hothouses in Enrope and America. A variety, probably the same, was found in Vera Cruz bv Cockerell. 11 4. Chionaspis citri Comst.— Found abundantly in Tampion, October 14, on orange. It was Very bad on leaves, fruit, twigs, and bark of trunk and branches; also badly infesting tangerine orange in Tampico. This species is found elsewhere in Cuba, Louisiana, Trinidad, Pernerara, Australia, and New Zealand. 5. Ccroplastes cerifcrus Anders. — This was found in Cuautla on red-flowering Hibis- cus, badly massed on branches in plaza, October 7. A lepidopterous larva was found preying upon it. This species furnishes the Indian white wax, and occurs elsewhere in India, Aus- tralia, Antigua, and probably Brazil. It has been collected in Guanajuato, Mexico, by Dr. A. Dugos. 6. Ceroplastes mexicanus Ckll. n. sp. — Sail Luis Potosi, October 12, on Catalpa. Adult scales found singly on branches, and what appear to be the young on upper side of leaves. Also found on Tecoma stans at Guaymas, September 24. 7. Aspidiotus ficus Aslim. — Very bad on fruit and leaves of orange in plaza in Tam- pico, October 14. Also very bad on tangerine orange in Tampico. Also bad on orange in Matamoras, December 9. In Chihuahua, on leaves of tree called "palo dulce." This species occurs elsewhere in Florida, Cuba, Jamaica, and Australia. It has been recorded from Vera Cruz, Mexico, by Cockerell. 8. Aspidiotus nerii Bouche\ — Very bad on oleander in Chihuahua and Aguas Cali- entes ; also on shrub called " trueno " in Aguas Calientes and San Luis Potosi. Massed on branches of rose in Chihuahua. On leaves of olive and "palo dulce'' in Chihua- hua. On Yucca aloifolia ? (young plants in pots), in Guadalajara. This species is almost general in distribution, yet, strange to say, has never been found in the West Indies. i). Aspidiotus articulatus Morg. — On orange in Tampico, October 14, associated with A. ficus. Occurs also in Jamaica, Barbados, Nevis, Trinidad, and Demerara ; collected by Cockerell in Vera Cruz. 10. Aspidioius scutiformls Ckll.— Abundant on loaves of orange in Victoria and Mon- terey; also on leaves of pomegranate in Monterey. In the latter placo it was espe- cially bad on almost all of the orange treos in all the plazas of the city, the fruit aud leaves being simply massed with it. 11. Aspidiotus n. sp. — Thickly massed on bark of limbs and twigs of tree said to bo avocate (avocado pear). San Luis Potosi, October 12. 12. Aspidiotus n. sp. ? — On leaves of tree known as "bagote." Hermosillo, Sep- tember 25. The material was not in sufficient quantity for description. 13. Aspidiotus nigropnnctatus Ckll. n. sp. — On " trueno." San Luis Potosi, Octo- ber 12. 14. Aspidiotus n. sp. ? — On leaves of rose. Monterey, October 17. Not enough material for description. 15. Lecanium olecc Bern. — On orange, lime, and Catalpa, San Luis Potosi; on oleander, "marguerita," and Pelargonium, Aguas Calientes; on thorny shrub (hard wood and thorns few), Las Esteros, State of Tamaulipas; bad on leaves, twigs, and branches of fig trees, Monterey; on guava, Nuevo Laredo, December 13. Those found on oleander at Aguas Calientes were all infested with a large parasite. They occurred on leaves and branches. Tnose on fig at Monterey were also badly para- sitized. This species is widely distributed. 16. Lecanium hesperidum Linn. — On lime, San Luis Potosi; on orange, Tampico and Chihuahua; on leaves, stems, and twigs of orange trees in sheltered patios in Chi- huahua; also very numerously infesting leaves of several large trees of what is known as "fitolaca," in Monterey, October 17. These last were extensively preyed upon by larvae and adults of Ozya orhigera. On guava and rose, Nuevo Laredo, December 13. This species is found in the Sandwich Islands, South Africa, Florida, Jamaica, Chile, etc. 17. Lecanium imbricatum Ckll. n. sp. — On Mimosa. Alta Mira (State of Tamauli- pas), October 15. Massed on twigs, the scales overlapping each other. 12 18. Lecanium sp. (?) — Several oblong scales on pods of Catalpa, San Lnis Potosi, October 12. Tins species was overlooked at tbo Department in making the determi- nations, and is doubtfully referred by me to this genus. The scales occurred singly on the pods. 19. Pulvinaria n. sp. ! — Found singly on leaves of "iitolaca," at Monterey. With Lecanium hesperidum. Specimens were lost in transit to Washington, and were not reported on at the Department. 20. Anlacaspis rosn spiny shrub, Montezuma. Mytilaspis philoroccus. On cactus, Guanajuato. (Not a Mytilaspis s. str. ) Coccus tomentosus. On cactus, Guanajuato, Silao. Coccus cacti. On cactus. Iceryapalmeri. On grape, Ouaynias. Llaveia axinus. <)n Jatropha and Spondias, Tlacotalpati (Vera Cruz State). Capulinia sallei. On "capulino." I >actylopius citri. On coffee, State of Miohoacan.1 Lecanium schini. ( >n Schinus molle. Ceroplastes psidii §ub$p. cistudiformis. On Bignonia and Chrysanthemum, Gua- najuato. Ceroplastes ceriforus. On Malva \ iscus, Guanajuato. Tachardia mexicana. On Mimosa, Tampico. Aspidiotus mimosa-. On Mimosa, Tampico. IMPORTANT ENEMIES OP SCALE INSECTS POUND IN MEXICO. The following are native parasjtcs and predatory species collected in Mexico by the writer with the foregoing 25 species of coccids. They Dumber 27 species: 1. Perissopteru* mexicanui How. — Bred from Lecanium hettperidum on lime, San Lui.s Potosi. From Pseudococcua yucca on Agave, Guadalajara. 2. Aphelinus diaspidis How. — A yellow parasite bred from Aspidiotus uerii on trueno. San Luis Potosi. 3. Coccophayus mcxic(uius How. — Bred from Lecanium Itespcridum 011 orange, Chi- huahua. Aleyrodcs corni (?) on lime, San Luis Potosi. •1. Coccopliayus Jlavoscutcll uiu . Ashm. — Bred from Lecanium sp. ( !) on Mimosa. Alta Mira (Tamaulipas). 5. New genus of Encyrtinw. — Bred from Pseudococcus yucca' on tig. Monterey. 6. New genus of EncyrtinoB. — Bred from Lecanium oleas on fig. Monterey. 7. Encyrtus n. sp. — Bred from Pseudococcus yucca' on Pelargonium. Aguas Calientes. 1 In the November 8, 1884, number of El Progreso de Mexico there is a long article by Dr. Jose C. Segura on the coffee scale, there identified as Dactylopius destructor (=D. citri). The localities given are Orizaba, Cordova, Uruapan, Ario, Cuicatlan, Jacoua, Tacambaro, and doubtfully Coatepec (near Jalapa). It is said to be worse in the cafetals of Orizaba and Uruapan. — C. H. T. T. 15 8. Signiphora sp. — A black parasite bred from Aspidiotus nerii ontrueno. San Luis Potosi. 9. Eupelmus sp. ! — Bred from Lecanium olew on oleander. Aguas Calieutes. 10. Habrolepis n. sp. — Bred from Aspidiotus n. sp. ? (related to A. persew and A. fodiens) on orange. Monterey. 11. Homalotylus n. sp. — Bred from Pseudococcus yucca- on Agave, Guadalajara. This genus is known to be parasitic only on coccinellids, which, must have been among the I'seudococcus. It is therefore an injurious species. 12. Pachy neuron sp. ? — From Pseudococcus yuccw on pomegrauate, San Luis Potosi. From Pseudococcus yucca; on Agave, Guadalajara. 13. Pachyneuron sp. ? — Bred from Acanthococcus n. sp. ? on unknown shrub at Valles (Tamaulipas). 14. Tribolium confusum Duv. — From Acanthococcus n. sp. ? Valles. 15. Vedalia sieboldii Muls. var. — This species was found among the waxy egg masses of Icerya purchasi which I collected in Magdalena, Sonora. It is a small beetle 3 mm. long, black and red in color; all red below and black above, with two large reddish spots on each elytron, one marginal and the other discal. According to Mr. Schwarz, it is a true Vedalia, whereas V. cardinally (the Australian impor- tation) is not a true Vedalia; Mr. Schwarz thinks there is no reason why V. sieboldii should not ilourish north of Mexico in the Sonoran belt, and its importation into California might be of much benefit. Unfortunately, it was not found in the egg masses until after my return from Sonora, and it was not met with elsewhere on the trip. 16. Ozya orbiyera Muls. — This is a bluish coccinellid, considerably smaller than Chil- ocorus. It was found plentifully in Monterey preying on coccids. The large white cottony-covered larva' of this species were found with Lecanium hesperidum on leaves, branches, and trunk of large trees called "fitolaca,'' in Monterey. Many adults also occurred on same trees. The larvae are covered with an abundance of cottony-white excretion, with filamentous processes, and strongly resemble specimens of Icerya agyptiaca. Larva- numerous, October 17. 17. Scymnus n. sp. near americanus Muls. — Feeding on Chionaspis citri on orange. Tampico. 18. Scymnus n. sp. near auritulus. —Feeding on Acanthococcus n. sp.! Valles (Tamaulipas). 19. Scymnus sp. ? — Larva- feeding on Lecanium alea- on orange. San Luis Potosi. A pteromalid, doubtfully belonging to the genus Arthrolytus, was bred from one of these scyinnid larva-. 20. Chilocorus cacti L. — Preying on Pseudococcus yucca' on agave, etc., Guadalajara; on Icerya purchasi on orange, in Monterey. Found in most places devouring coccids. 21. Tabanus punctifer O. S. — An interesting observation was made in Magdalena, Sonora. On the white masses of Icerya purchasi on orange there were found numer- ous specimens of T. punctifer, all males, busily engaged apparently in piercing thei Icerya; and sucking their juices. I do not know that any similar observation has ever been recorded. There was also among them a single male of another, smaller^ species of Tabanus (presumably this genus), but it escaped capture. It is not unlikely that the males of several species of Tabanida- may prove of much good in destroying Icerya and kindred coccids. T. punctifer is found throughout the southwestern region, and it will be interesting to know if the male has the same habit in California. 22. Leucopis bellula Willist. — Bred from Eriococcus dubius Valles (State of Tam- aulipas). 23. Phora cocciphila Coq. — Specimens of a fly of the family Phorida- were bred from Icerya purchasi collected on orange both from Monterey and Victoria, It is prob- ably a true parasite, though this can not be said positively. 16 24. Dakruma coccidivora Comat.f — Larva1 feeding on Acanthococcus n. sp. '. on unknown plant. Valles (Tamaulipas). 25. Chrysopa^. — Victoria, October 16. Larva found preying on Icerya purchasi on orange. 26. Chrysopa sp. 1 — Monterey, October 17. Attacking Icerya purchasi. 27. Psocus sp. ? — Found eating Aspidiotus n. sp.? (related to A. persea and A. fodiens) on orange. Victoria, October 16. Note. — At Guaymas and Heriuosillo, in Sonora, Vedalia cardinalis is well known by reputation. I am informed that Don Luis Torres, governor of Sonora, brought the Vedalia to Hermosillo from Los Angeles, Cal., in 1893. Specimens were taken in June, 1894, to Aranjuez, near Guaymas, and placed on the five or six Icerya-infcsted orange trees on that place. They seem to have done their work well at Aranjuez, for all the Iceryas I found there seemed to bo dead and empty. They ought now to be well distributed by the authorities in Magdalena (whore there are many thriving colonies of Icerya), and in Victoria and Monterey. INJURIOUS INSECTS OTHER THAN OOCOIDS. Material was collected on the trip that does not appear below, as only species of economic importance are mentioned. 1. Aleyrodes oorni Hald. ! — Specimens of this species wore found on leaves of orange in Guadalajara; and on orange, lime, andCatalpa leaves in San Luis Potosi. 2. Aleyrodes sp. ? — On leaves of orange, Tampico. 3. Aleyrodes sp.? — On Leaves of Tecoma stans, Guaymas. I. Aphides. — Plant lice often occur on orange in Sonora and other parts of Mexico. They were mentioned as injurious in Guaymas in summer months. 5. Cicada sp. — Apple twigs at Magdalena, Sonora, showed unmistakable signs of having been largely oviposited in by a Cicada. The samo was observed in twigs of deciduous fruit trees at San Ignacio. (I. (Ecanthus niveus Serv. — Pound at San Ignacio, Sonora, September 26, on tobacco. Reported to have caused much injury in August (1894) by eating holes in the tobacco Leaves in this district. 7. Papilio crcsphonles Cram. (?) (orange dog). — An orange; dog, the larva probably of this Fapilio, was found on orange, eating the leaves, in Guadalajara. It was also found on orange in Victoria and Monterey. 8. Thyridopteryx sp. f — A bagworm, apparently of this genus, is very bad on orange in parts of Mexico. It was found on orange at Guaymas, where I was told it caused much injury in midsummer. It also occurs on the orange trees in Heriuosillo. It was found in large numbers on the orange trees in Guadalajara, and was also found on orange in Tampico. 9. TAgytus ruginasus Lee. — Great numbers of these beetles were observed attracted to light at night at Magdalena, September 2(5. Also at Xogales (on border). These immense numbers indicate much injury, in case they breed in roots of any crop. It is possible the larva- breed in Ilelianthus, though it is very likely that they infest roots of sugar-cane which is grown in the Magdalena region. 10. Oncideres putator Thorn. — This grayish species was found girdling branches of Acacia, near Chocoy (State of Tamaulipas), October 15. It is not improbable that it may attack fruit trees also. II. Trypeta ludens Lw. ? (orange worm or maggot). — The oranges which come from the State of Morelos to Mexico City are badly infested with maggots. These are with little doubt the larvaa of this fly, which is fully treated of in Insect Life (vol. I, p. 45). These wormy oranges come principally from Yautepec. So far this orange maggot does not seem to have spread to the other orange regions of Mexico. Note. — Succinea brevis Dkr. and Fraticolella yriseola Pfr. — These two species of snails were found on branches and trunks of orange trees in Tampico. The several specimens of 8. brevis had all been infested with a sarcophagid fly, belonging to thft genus Sarcophilodes, 17 Enemies of stored vegetable products. — An effort was made to obtain specimens of certain enemies of grain and other stored products in Mexico. Several species belonging to the Ptinida4, Bruchidae, lihyn- chophora, and Lepidoptera, are of much economic importance from the injury they would do if introduced into the United States. A number of species were obtained in stored corn, etc.1 EXTENT OF CLIMATIC AND FRUIT REGIONS. In the region of the western coast of Mexico the warmer belt adapted to the subtropical fruits extends much farther north than it does in the eastern coast region at the same elevation above the sea. Date palms grow luxuriantly at Guaymas and Hermosillo, and even as far north as Magdalena in Sonora. They can not do well in Chihua- hua, which is nearly as far south as Guaymas, nor even in Aguas Cali- entes, which is well within the tropics. The latter place, though only about t>,000 feet above the sea, has been known to receive snow falls. Magdalena, in Sonora, though but little south of 31° K., is nearly the same temperature as (or warmer than) Monterey, which is about the same distance south of 20° ¥., and both places are at nearly the same elevation. This represents a difference of 300 miles in a north and south line. Date palms grow well at Matamoras, however, which is near the coast and much farther south than the Sonora date-producing region. Oranges grow and produce exceedingly well at Guaymas (San Jose de Guaymas) and Hermosillo. They also seem to do fairly well at Magdalena, though there are very few at that place. There are more at San Ignacio, a small town about six miles north of Magdalena on the railroad. The Hermosillo oranges have the reputation of being among the finest in the world. In Chihuahua (neighborhood of city) oranges cannot be raised, the winter frosts being too severe. A few trees are to be found in the city, but only in sheltered patios (interior courts of houses), and none in any of the plazas. A very few oranges are raised at Aguas Calientes. At Monterey some few are raised, and south toward Victoria there is quite an extensive orange-producing region, notably at Montemorelos and Linares, particularly the former. Oranges, and especially limes, are raised at Victoria, and all the region between that place and Tampico would form a splendid district for the produc- tion of citrus fruits if a sufficient water supply could be secured. In the Guadalajara region a good many oranges are raised in the barrancas (deep ravines) to the west, but they are extensively produced in the Lake Chapala region south of La Barca, which is less than halfway between Guadalajara and Irapuato, on the main line of the Mexican Central Kailroad. Then again, in the State of Morelos, south of the City of Mexico, in the low valleys or hot lands, oranges are raised prin- 1 These are reported upon by Mr, Chittenden in a following article. — L. O. H. 13148— No. 4 2 18 ci pally at Yau tepee. In the State of Vera Cruz there is an extensive, well-known orange region in tlie vicinity of Orizaba and Cordova, as well as farther south. Oranges are also grown to a limited extent in east central Coahuila, and do very well at Matamoras. Bananas grow outside at Guaymas on the west, and Victoria to Matamoras on the east. They grow only in sheltered patios at Mon- terey. Plantains, however, are grown outside in towns of northeast- ern Coahuila, where the frost kills the tops in the winter, but does not injure the roots. Bananas grow and fruit in the barrancas to the west of Guadalajara, between Yantepec and Jojutla in Morelos, and in the Orizaba and Cordova region. They do not grow or fruit on the table-lands. Cocoanut palms can grow and survive at Guaymas, as Mr. Graf has demonstrated, while Tampico is close to the northern limit for them on the Gulf of Mexico coast. Sugar cane is grown in southern Sonora (in the Hermosillo region), and some is grown near Magdalena. To the east it is grown from eastern Coahuila to Matamoras. It is extensively raised farther south, in the States of Morelos, Vera Cruz. etc. Cotton is raised near Santa Bosa, in southern Sonora; near Santa Bosalia and Jimenez, in southern Chihuahua; very largely in what is known as the Laguna district, comprising the region around Lerdo and Torreon, being in northeastern Durango and southwestern Coahuila. Another cotton section of considerable importance is that in north- eastern Coahuila, along the International Bailroad, between Monclova on the south and Ciudad Porfirio Diaz on the border. Cotton is also raised around Matamoras, and the cotton belt extends into northern Texas. Corn, beans, etc., are raised more or less all over Mexico. Wheat is largely raised in the Magdalena (Sonora) region, and northeastern Coa- huila is well adapted to wheat raising. Pomegranates are extensively raised in the Magdalena region, espe- cially at San Ignacio, etc.; also some at Hermosillo and Guaymas. They also grow at Monterey, San Luis Potosi. and Matamoras. Olives grow well at Hermosillo. The olive is grown as a tree in plazas in Chihuahua, but probably does not fruit. Grapes produce but little in Guaymas, Hermosillo, and Magdalena. Some 20 miles to the west of Chihuahua City there are fruit ranches where considerable quantities of grapes are raised. Some are raised also at Santa Bosalia. Peaches and pears grow well in the Magdalena (Sonora) region, along the railroad from Cerro Blanco (or Imuris) on the north to Santa Ana on the south. Peaches bear especially well at San Ignacio. They do not seem to do well as far south as Hermosillo. At the ranches west of Chihuahua City they are quite extensively produced. Plums and apricots also do well at Magdalena. Peaches are grown at Santa Bosa- 19 lia and at Saltillo; also somewhat at Monterey. Apples do not do par- ticularly well in Sonora, the few trees in the Magdalena region failing to yield profitably. Some apples are raised at Saltillo and Monterey, but they are the small Mexican variety. Some few peaches and small apples are also raised in northeastern Coahuila. Peaches, plums, and grapes are said to do well from Xuevo Laredo to Matamoras. Figs grow luxuriantly at San Ignacio (Sonora), at Monterey, and in towns of northeastern Coahuila. Quinces are largely grown at San Ignacio and other points in the vicinity of Magdalena, and yield well. PARTICULARS AS TO PRESENT SHIPPING OF FRUITS, ETC., BY RAIL. Oranges are shipped from Guaymas and Hermosillo, in Sonora. Those shipped from Guaymas are brought to the railroad at Batamotal, which is a station about seven miles north of Guaymas by rail. These Sonora oranges go to Chicago and other eastern poiuts chiefly, but I was also informed by officials of the Sonora Railway that some are shipped to California, going to the San Francisco market. My investi- gations in Sonora did not reveal any other scale on orange beside Iccrya purchasi, and that was long ago established in California, whence it probably spread into Sonora. Ieerya palmer i was found near Guay- mas on grape, but I was unable to find any sign of it. on grape or other, plant anywhere in Sonora or elsewhere. If it should spread, there would then be danger from these shipments of Sonora oranges of its reaching California, though it probably isso closely related to I. purchasi (the young only being known) that 1 think the prediction is safe that it would practically amount only to a new installment of that species. In the vicinity of Aguas Calientes, which is on the Mexican Central Railway, a very few oranges are raised. These are shipped only as far as Zacatecas. On the branch of the International Railway, which runs from Mexico City south into the State of Morelos, oranges are raised in considerable quantity at Yautepec. They are shipped only as far as Mexico City. These Morelos oranges are badly infested with the larv;e of a fly ( Try- peta luclens). I was informed in Mexico City that it was rare to find an orange entirely free from these maggots. Oranges appearing perfectly sound on the outside prove wormy upon being opened, so that it is impos- sible to tell infested fruit from its outward appearance. A very few oranges are also raised at Tlajeotapan, Jojutla, and other Indian towns in Morelos on the railway. Xone of them, however, are shipped farther than Mexico City. Oranges from the Guadalajara region are shipped principally at La Barca. From Guadalajara itself only about 15 or 20 carloads are shipped yearly. These come from the barrancas to the west, the nearest orange groves being from 20 to 25 leagues from Guadalajara. The groves at La Barca are something like three leagues from the rail- 20 road. Many carloads have been shipped yearly from La Barca for a period of many years. This is where the largest shipments of Mexican oranges come from, and they are nearly all sent through (in carloads) to Kansas City. In the State of Tamaulipas, oranges are shipped hugely from Mon- temorelos, and also largely though in less quantity from Linares, both on the Monterey and Gulf Railway, between Monterey and Victoria. These also are all shipped to Kansas City, and doubtless go over the National Railway via Laredo and San Antonio. Some few are shipped from Victoria. Very few oranges are raised at Tainpico, and therefore none shipped. The Cordova and adjacent orange regions do not ship fruit out of the Republic. It is consumed mostly between Mexico City and Vera Cruz. An occasional tourist may, however, bring oranges from that region to the States. Limes are raised at (Juaymas, but none or very few are shipped, though I should think it would pay well to ship them. They are pro- duced in great quantity in Tamaulipas, notably at Victoria, and their shipment would, I believe, be profitable. It is because such shipments may be made in the near future that these points are mentioned. readies, pears, and quinces are shipped in some quantity from the Magdalena (Sonora) district to Arizona points chiefly. No pests, how- ever, were found on these fruits. Pomegranates are shipped from Mag- dalena and llermosillo to Arizona points. Watermelons are shipped from Sonora to Arizona points and to Albuquerque and Deming in New Mexico. Wheat, corn, beans, etc., are not shipped, as a rule, but are all consumed in the country. Irish potatoes are usually scarce. STEAMSHIP LINES AND THEIR HEARING ON THE SUBJECT. As affecting the dispersion of orange pests, as well as scale insects in general, it should be mentioned that at present West Indian and Pacific Company steamers ply regularly between Tampico and New Orleans, stopping at Progreso on the way. They arrive at Tampico from Kings- ton, Jamaica, with a stop at Vera Cruz included; and they arrive at Jamaica from Colon, it should be remembered, however, that during all the warmer mouths these steamers are rigidly quarantined below New Orleans and everything aboard thoroughly subjected to the influ- ence of hot steam or fumigated. It is not likely that the scale insects would survive the treatment to which the New Orleans authorities sub- ject all boats that arrive during the warmer months from so-called yel- low fever ports, but scales could easily be brought during the winter months. Steamers also run from Tampico to Galveston and Mobile, while the Ward Line boats, that run to New York from Tampico, arrive at the latter port via Habana and Vera Cruz. On the west coast regular steamers ply between all ports and San 21 Francisco, but these are quarantined and inspected in California by horticultural inspectors, so that not much is to be feared from that quarter. More is to be feared from the Gulf of Mexico coast lines and railway communication. DANOER FROM WEST INDIAN PORTS. Our Southern States stand in much danger from West Indian ports, especially from Cuba, which is in close communication with them by steamships and sailing vessels. Sixty-five or more species of scales are known from Jamaica. Seventeen of these occur out of doors in the Southern States, eight more being known in hot-houses there. Only four species of scales are so far recorded from Cuba. Compared with Jamaica, Cuba ought to have 75 or 100 species. Many species have doubtless been brought from Cuba to our Southern States, and others are apt to follow if not guarded against. Frequent boats run from Tampa, Fla., to Key West and Habana, and return by same route. It is only 90 miles across from Key West to Habana. Frequent boats run from Cuba to other ports in the Southern States. CONDITIONS WHICH RETARD THE SPREAD OF INJURIOUS INSECTS IN MEXICO. It is a peculiar fact that in Mexico the natural conditions are such as to retard the spread of injurious insects of certain groups; while, on the other hand, artificial conditions that spread insects in our own country are happily such at present as to give little aid to their disper- sion in Mexico. I refer, first, to the topography and resultant isolation of climatic regions in Mexico; and second, to the fact that shipments of fruit, etc., by rail are not made from on e to the other of these regions These observations apply best to orange insects. The following is a good case in point : It has already been mentioned that the orange worm (larva of Try- peta ludens) infests the oranges to a very great extent in the State of Morelos. It was known in that region many years ago, and does not seem to occur yet in any other orange region. Inquiries were made at Guadalajara, where I was told that wormy oranges were unknown, and I have never known of wormy oranges from the Cordova or Orizaba region, many of which I have examined. Likewise they were not heard of in Tamaulipas or Sonora. The explanation of this is that the Morelos orange region is effectually isolated from others by climatic barriers in the shape of ranges upon ranges of mountains where the orange can not thrive, even were these ranges not in the original wild state, and also that the oranges shipped from the infested localities in the State of Morelos go no farther than Mexico City, where they are all sold and consumed. The same holds good in several instances of scale insects of the orange. Orthezia insignis var. was found only in Guadalajara and 22 Aguas Calientes. It was very bad at both places. These two locali- ties are connected by deep and long barrancas, which run in a some- what northeasterly and southwesterly direction a little to the west of both places, and in which oranges are largely raised. Both localities, therefore, belong to the same region. Either this or a similar variety, however, is known from Vera Grnz. Pseudococctis yucca' is an exception, as it occurs from Morelos (State) to Guadalajara and Tampico, and is spread well over the plateau region, even extending into California. It is a much hardier insect. Aspidiotus scutiformis was originally found by Cockerell at Soledad, in the State of Vera Cruz, on leaves of a tree resembling avocado pear somewhat. Doubtless this tree is its native food-plant, or one of them, and this would indicate that the species had taken to orange and spread northward. This it could easily d<>. as there are no mountain ranges to act as barriers to its spread to the northward. The Gulf (Oast region is a low, tiat strip of country, from 50 to more than 100 miles in width, between the G-ulf and the foothills of the mountains, and running from southern Vera Cruz Stale to Texas, gradually widen- ing to the northward. Though this species was not met with at Tam- pico, it must occur in that vicinity, as it was found so abundant at Victoria ami as far north us Monterey. It has so far been found only ill the foothill regions of the eastern side on the Mexican tableland, in localities between 1,000 and 2.0(H) feet in elevation. It is very likely to turn up, however, at any time in Tampico and Matamoras. Icerya purchasi is a more difficult case to explain, being found in Sonora on the west and in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon on the east. These two regions are separated not only by a vast tract of high table- land, but by the vast and almost unknown region of the Siena Mad re .Mountains, and are totally unconnected by either railways or wagon loads, except in a roundabout way through the Tinted States. It seems impossible that it should have spread from one region to the other, unless by means of cuttings sent from the Sonora region. It is more probable that it spread to the eastern region by cuttings brought from California. SCALES THAT HAVE BEEN INTRODUCED INTO MEXICO FROM THE UNITED STATES. Turning now from the importation side of the question and looking at the exportation side, there is little doubt that Mexico has received sev- eral noxious species of scale insects from the United States through her steamship communication with the Southern States. Chionaspis dtri, MytUa&pis gloveri, and u 1 spidiotm fieus were found plentifully in Tampico and (except the first) in Brownsville and Matamoras, but not elsewhere, except that the last Tras found by Cockerell in Vera Cruz. They have doubtless been brought to these ports by steamers from Mobile and New Orleans. A. ficus is abundant in Jamaica, and may have been brought 23 from there, however, or from Cuba. Steamers from both islands stop at Vera Cruz before reaching Tampico, and this would explain the occur- rence of A. Jimis in Vera Cruz. As to railway introductions, Icerya purchasi has probably been brought to Sonora from California in this way. It was most abundant at Magdalena, less so at Hermosillo, and still less at Guaymas. I was informed by Seilor U.Ferreira that it first appeared in Hermosillo during the yellow fever epidemic there eleven years ago, in 1882-83. It was first noticed in the plaza. The railway had recently been completed at that time. I do not see how else it could have reached Sonora from California than on orange cuttings. It is found in the interior of Tamaulipas (but not at Tampico), and in Nuevo Leon, and the most probable theory is that it spread to both regions in Mexico directly from California on cuttings. SCALE INSECTS MOST LIKELY TO BE INTRODUCED INTO THE- SOUTHERN Aspidiotus scutiformis. — This is a very bad species, and is apt to reach the Southern States or California. Its northern limit, as at i:>resent known, is Monterey, where it is simply massed upon the leaves of the orange. It would most probably spread by rail, as it does not seem to be found at Tampico. It may be expected at any time in MatamoraS and Brownsville (Texas). Pseud ococcits yuccw. — This is another very bad species, being particu- larly bad on orange at Guadalajara. It was originally described from California, but there is much danger of its reaching the Southern States from Mexico. It infests a great variety of plants, is a hardy species, and is well spread over Mexico. Therefore it would be extremely apt to adapt itself readily to the Southern States, and should it reach there it would prove a most unwelcome pest. It would probably spread by rail, though there is also a probability of its being carried by boats from Tampico. Orthezia insignis var. — This would prove, if anything, worse than either of the two preceding. It is very injurious on citrus fruits in the Guadalajara and Aguas C alien tes region. It would probably spread by rail. Professor Cockerell informs me that this species has recently been sent him by Duges from Guanajuato, which proves that it is beginning to spread. If the variety found in Vera Cruz by Cockerell is the same, it is already spread over a wide region in Mexico. Icerya palmeri. — This species could not be found in Sonora by the writer. If it should spread, it would stand a very good chance of reaching California by rail. Aspidiotus articulatus. — This was found on orange in Tampico, asso- ciated with A. ficus. It could easily reach the Southern States by boats. Several other species, including Conchaspis angrceci var. hibisci found 24 at Tampico, would doubtless prove very injurious, at least to certain ornamental trees and plants, if introduced. It should also be remem- bered that Chionasj)is citri, Mytilaspis gloveri, and Aspidiotus ftcus have not reached California, but may do so through Mexico; just as Pseu- dococcus yuccWj which occurred in California, may reach the Southern States from Mexico. DANGER TO MEXICO FROM INTRODUCTIONS FROM OUR COUNTRY. There are a number of scales of the orange in California that are not yet known in Mexico. These could easily reach the Ilermosillo and Guaymas orange districts of Sonora by rail. Sonora, on the whole, probably stands in more danger from us than we do from her. Again, there are several bad species in our Southern States that have not yet reached Mexico, and which could easily do so on board steamers plying between New Orleans. Mobile, and Mexican ports. NATURAL ENEMIES OF SCALE INSECTS IN MEXICO DESIRABLE TO COLONIZE IN THE UNITED STATES. Among the Coleoptera, it would be very desirable to introduce Vedalia sieboldii var.. Ozyix orbigera^ and the species of Scymnm mentioned; nearly all of the parasitic hymenoptera (except Homalo- tylus) — about It species mentioned, of which probably but few occur within our limits — and the Phora cooeiphila bred from Icerya from Monterey and Victoria. AGENCIES NOT GENERALLY RECOGNIZED IN THE DISPERSION OF SCALE INSECTS. Tourists who visit Mexico often bring away with them specimens of live plants, etc. In this way they may play a greater part in the dis- persion of scale insects than do fruit shippers. Much is to be feared from this source, which is doubtless responsible for many introductions. It is more often practiced on steamers than on railroads. On the steam- ers which ply between different islands in the West Indies there are almost always to be seen potted and other plants which passengers are taking home with them from some other island. In this way it is believed by Professor Cockerell that many of the noxious scales found through- out the West Indies have been spread from one island to another. PORTS AND POINTS ON THE BORDER MOST TO BE GUARDED. The Pacific* ports of Mexico are supposed to be well guarded against by the horticultural inspectors in California, as already mentioned. The ports of our Southern States are open, at least during the colder season, to importations of injurious scales from the Gulf ports of Mexico and the West Indies. Inspection should be instituted of all plants, fruits, 25 roots, seeds, grains, and other vegetable products reaching these ports — Galveston, Corpus Cbristi, New Orleans, Mobile, Tampa, Key West, and Brazos (port of Brownsville). Border points between the United States and Mexico where most is to be feared are those situated on the railroads. They are live in num- ber: Nogales (in Sonora and Arizona), Ciudad Juarez (opposite El Paso, Tex.), Ciudad Porfirio Diaz (opposite Eagle Pass, Tex.), Nuevo Laredo (opposite Laredo, Tex.), and Matamoras (opposite Brownsville, Tex.). These are, respectively, on the Santa Fe (or Sonora) Railway, the Mexican Central, the Mexican International, the Mexican National, and the Matamoras and Monterey, along the Mexican side of the lower Rio Grande, bought by the Mexican National Railway Company to pre vent (or delay as long as possible) its completion. This last-named line runs from Matamoras to San Miguel, connecting there with stage for Monterey; at the other end it connects with a short line, the Rio Grande Railway, running from Brownsville to Point Isabel (across the bay from Brazos de Santiago), on the Texas coast. All plants, fruits, stored grain, roots, and vegetable products of any description coming from Mexico should be inspected before they are allowed to cross the border into the United States. In all cases espe- cially careful inspection should be made of living plants or roots, potted or otherwise, when such occur. INSECTS AFFECTING STORED CEREAL AND OTHER PRODUCTS IN MEXICO. By F. H. Chittenden. The warm, equable climate of Mexico, particularly of its tropical portions, where insects breed continuously the year round, is particu- larly adapted to the existence of such species as subsist on grain and other edible products that are kept in store, a fact that was brought prominently to view by the collections of the writer in the exhibits of that country displayed at the World's Columbian Exposition. Toward the close of Mr. Townsend's tour of investigation in Mexico he was requested by Mr. Howard to collect such insects as might be found in stored cereal and other edible seeds and similar products, but owing to the then limited time at Mr. Townsend's disposal and the further fact that only a few localities were visited nothing new or especially interesting was taken, all the species reared from samples of his collecting being common and of cosmopolitan distribution. The grain and seed display of Mexico was one of the largest on the Exposition grounds, and as the numerous samples came from many parts of that country an exceptionally fine opportunity was afforded for the collection of the native aud injurious forms. A greater number of insects were present in these exhibits than from any other country, and all of the really dangerous species were found in them (see author's report, Insect Life, vol. vr, p. 225). Several of these insects are unknown or of limited distribution in the United States, and it seems fitting that a list of such as infest stored edible products be brought together as a supplement to the lists of other Mexican insects prepared by Mr. Townsend. I have included a few data gathered from collections at the Atlanta Exposition of 1805, and have added brief notes on their food habits, injuriousness, and distri- bution, and have indicated the species whose introduction into our storehouses are especially to be guarded against. The cosmopolitan species of wide distribution in the United States are marked with a star (*). LIST OF MEXICAN INSECTS THAT AFFECT STORED PRODUCTS. * Silvanus surinamensis Linn, (saw -toothed grain beetle). — A common cosmopolitan and widely distributed species, found in various Mexican exhibits at the Columbian Exposition by the writer and in shelled corn sent to this office by Mr. Townsend. It is injurious to a great variety of cereal and other seeds, dried fruits, and many other substances. Silvanus sp. — An undetermined species found in yams and edible tubers in the Mexican exhibit at the Exposition. 27 28 * Cathartus adrena Waltl. — Also taken at the Exposition. A widely distributed general feeder like S. surinamensis, but not so common or injurious. Pharaxonollta kirschi Reit. — This species was originally described from Mexico, and was found in the Mexican and Guatemalan exhibits of the Exposition*, infesting corn meal and edible tubers. Sufficient material was secured for rearing and other experi- ment, and my experience with this insect indicates its ability to hold its own with the other tropical species that have already been introduced here. Its occurrence has been noted in Brazil, where it may be native, as well as in tropical Central America. Until December of 1895, when Mr. E. A. Schwarz captured a single individual of this insect in the vicinity of San Antonio, Tex., it had never been taken in this country. It was found under dried leaves remote from human habitation. Although this shows that the species occurs within our f.iunal limits, it was probably imported across the Mexican border, and there is still danger of its introduction into store- houses through commerce with Mexico, and especially since it is not confined for food either to meal or tubers. Litargus sp. — A myectophagid closely allied to our native L. balteatus Lee, breed- ing in abundance in potatoes, yams, and other edible tubers at the World's Fair. None of the species of this genus are known to be injurious, and it is probably only a scavenger. * Teiu-broiries mauritanious Linn, (cadelle). — A common species of omnivorous hab- its, but chielly injurious to cereals; probably indigenous to tropical America, but long ago diffused by commerce over nearly the entire globe. *Carpoph\Jns liemiptcrus Linn. — An enemy of stored fruits. Recorded by Dr. Sharp from Cordova and Jalapa. Carpophilux pallipenms Say (corn sap-beetle). — Collected by Dr. Edw. Palmer and the late H. K. Morrison in Mexico. Sometimes injurious to stored corn in our South- ern States. *Carpophtf>is dimidiatus Fab. — Taken in numbers in corn meal at the Columbian Exposition by the writer. Widely distributed in Mexico. Lives in cotton bolls and in ripening or overripe fruit in the South. * Dermesies rulpinus Fab. (leather beetle). — Living on hides and dried fish in the Mexican exhibit at the Exposition. Also in the National Museum from another source in Mexico. Dermestes carnivorns Fab. (mucoreus Lee). — Of similar habits to the preceding, and said to injure bacon and hams after the manner of that species. Recorded from Mexico and from Texas. Nearly cosmopolitan. *Necrob\a ruficollis Fab. (red-necked ham beetle). — Recorded from Guanajuato by Gorham. Taken on dried fish at the Exposition. *Xecrobia nijipcs Fab. (red-legged ham beetle). — Recorded from several localities in Mexico by Gorham. Taken with the above. Also infesting cheese. Dinoderus iruncatus Horn. — This species was first recorded by the writer from Mexico (Insect Life, vol. vu, p. 327) from specimens found infesting corn and edible tubers at the Columbian Exposition. It was found in corn in the Mexican exhibit at the New Orleans Exposition; also in samples of Mexican seed corn in the Botan- ical Division of this Department. This is an aggressive species and will bear close watching. It is able to subsist on almost any sort of roots and tubers, and would create great havoc should it become introduced into our granaries, as the adult has a habit of leaving the grain in which it has bred and boring into woodwork or any- thing else that obstructs its path. I have known it to bore into both pine and hard black walnut. Described from California from mutilated material, probably of acci- dental occurrence as the species has not been recorded from there since. Dinoderus pusillus Fab. — Recorded from Mexico by Rev. H. S. Gorham, who states that it is "common in wood of sugar casks." It also injures grain. At the Colum- bian Exposition it occurred in two exhibits from Mexico. * Sitodrepa panicea Linn, (drug-store beetle). — A well-known cosmopolitan species, injurious to cereals and other seeds, drugs, tobacco and other dried plants, and a great variety of dried substances. Recorded from Cordova and Pueblo by Gorham. 29 * Lasioderma serricorne Fab. (testaceum Dufts.) (cigarette beetle). — Mentioned by Gorhaui from Vera Cruz. Of very similar habits to the above, but not so common, and chiefly injurious to tobacco and drugs. * Tribolium ferrugineum Fab. (rust-red flour beetle). — An important enemy of stored cereal and other products, of wide distribution. Iu the Mexican exhibit at the World's Fair ; also recorded from there. * Tribolium con f mum Duv. (confused flour beetle). — Mentioned by Dr. Champion as occurring in Mexico, and collected by Mr. Townsend. Of similar habits to the pre- ceding. * Echocerus maxillosus Fab. (slender-horned flour beetle). — This species is probably native to South America and perhaps also to Mexico. Common in our Southern States under bark and in cornfields as well as in the granary. * Echocerus (Gnathocerus) cornutus Fab. (broad-horned flour beetle). — Champion states that this sj)eeies has been introduced in Mexico. I am, however, inclined to consider it as not generically distinct from Echocerus, and hence, with other species of the genus, as indigenous to the New World. Although cosmopolitan, it is still of limited distribution in the United States, being comparatively unknown outside of California and in the neighborhood of the Atlantic seaboard. Sitopltagus hololeptoides Lap. — This species is related to the preceding and is known to have been found in flour. It is undoubtedly indigenous in Mexico, but is unknown in the United States. As it is probable that it occurs like other allied forms chiefly under bark, its introduction with us would not positively prove disastrous. Palorus subdeprcssus Woll. — The flour beetle mentioned by Champion under the name of Palorus melinus Ilbst. (Biol. Centr. Arner., Col. vol. iv, pt. 1, p. 174) as having been collected by Dr. Edw. Palmer, of this Department, at Minas Viejas, has since been determined by the same writer as the above-mentioned species. It occurs in granaries in Europe aud elsewhere, also under bark. In our Southern States it has been found, but only under bark. * Tenebrio obscurus Fab. — Reared from a larva collected in Mexico by Dr. Palmer. The larva.', of this species and T. molitor are the familiar " meal-worms" and have probably both been introduced into Mexico as food for song birds. * Alphitobius diaperinus Panz.1 — Mentioned as occurring in Mexico by Champion. Habits similar to the meal-worms, with whjch it often occurs. Widely distributed. * Aljihilobius piceus 01. — Also recorded by Champion, who states that he found it (at Panama) " amongst old bones thrown out from the slaughterhouses.*' Cosmopol- itan, but practically limited to the South in the United States. * Jiruchus obtectus Say (common bean weevil). — In the greatest abundance in the Mexican exhibit at the Exposition, and sent also by Mr. Townsend. A well-known enemy to beans almost everywhere. * Iiruchus 4-maculatus Fab. (four-spotted bean weevil). — A common species in our Southern States and said by Sharp to occur in Mexico. * Iiruchus (chinensis Linn.) scutellaris Fab. (cowpea weevil). — Also recorded by Sharp from Mexico. Spermophagus pectoralis Slip. — This species, as I have already pointed out (Insect Life, vol. vn, p. 328), breeds like our common Jiruchus obtectus in stored beans, and as it is congeneric with other species belonging to our United States fauna its intro- duction into this country in beans should be avoided. It was originally described from Central America and was breeding at the Exposition in beans from Brazil, as well as from Mexico and Guatemala. * Calandra granaria Linn, (granary weevil). — In grain and chick-peas collected by the writer at the Exposition and by Mr. Townsend in Mexico. Calandra oryza Linn, (rice weevil). — This species attacks all sorts of cereals and is as well distributed and injurious probably as any known insect. It was p resent iu injurious numbers in nearly every grain exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, and has been sent us by Mr. Townsend and others from different parts of Mexico. Caulo2)hilus latinasus Say. — This little cossonine weevil, which bears some slight 30 resemblance' to the two preceding species, was received at this office in December, 1895, from the Atlanta Exposition, where it was found in Indian corn and ehiek>peas (Cicer arietinum) in the Mexican exhibit. So far as we know, this Is the first instance of its occurrence in either stored grain or legumes, although there is one record, by Mr. Townsend, of its having been found in dried ginger in Jamaica (Institute of Jamaica, Notes from the Museum, No. 78). Occurs in Florida and South Carolina, but does not seem to be known with us as a storehouse pest. Arwoerus l faScieulatua DeG. (coffee-bean weevil). — A series of this anthribid beetle was collected by Dr. Palmer at Acapulco. It is disposed to omnivorousness, being known to breed in raw coffee berries, cacao beans, mace, nutmegs, cotton bolls, the seed pods of the coffee weed (Cassia sp. ), and a plant called wild indigo, probably a species of Indigo/ 'era. This insect is already well known throughout the cotton States, ami beetles are sometimes found in the Northern States in articles of commerce. Cryphalus jalappce Letz. — This little scolytid borer is probably indigenous to Mexico, but is often imported into other countries with commercial jalap, upon which it lives. Its presence is not considered detrimental to the drug. * Sitotroga (Gelechia) cerealclla 01. (Angoumois grain moth). — This species is a powerful rival of the two Calandras as a granary pest. Like them, it thrives on cereals of all kinds and is nearly as well distributed. At the Columbian and Atlanta ExpositionSj and collected by Mr. Townsend and others. I'.pliestia lcnehniella (Mediterranean Hour moth). — This scourge; of the Hour mill was breeding in a large exhibition case from Mexico at the Exposition, but the colony was promptly destroyed and the introduction of the species at Chicago thereby pre- vented. It has obtained a looting in several portions of the United States, being particularly destructive on the Pacific Coast, bnt in the East and the South it is still very limited in its distribution, and its introduction through Mexico into Texas and other Southern States is more to lie dreaded than that of any other storehouse insect. Plodia interpunctella Hbn. (Indian-meal moth). — A wide-spread species, of omniv- orous habit. In grain and dried fruits from Mexico both in the agricultural and horticultural buildings at the World's Fair. It was reared from cacao beans from Mexico, and from edible acorns collected in Chihuahua by Mr. Townsend. Tinea biscUidla Hum. (Clothes moth). — A series of this moth has been received from Dr. E. Duges, Guanajuato, Mexico, with, the statement that the insect does much damage to stored corn. The species has in this instance, perhaps, been confounded with Sitotroga oerealella, although I have myself reared it from stored wheat infested with the latter insect. Carphoxera ptcharia Riley (herbarium geometer). — This pernicious herbarium pot was described from material fust found infesting dried plants received at this Department from Mexico and Lower California, and it is more than probable that these insects were introduced from that country. Piophila casei Linn, (cheese skipper). — At the Columbian Exposition in cheese; also injures ham. Atropos sp. — In the Mexican exhibit at the World's Eair. Gama8U8 spp. — Two undetermined mites of this genus, with the preceding in corn. In addition to the above, a few other species not positively known to occur niMex- ico should receive at least passing mention here, as there can be little doubt, from what is known of their distribution, that they occur in that country. These are: Cathartus gemellatus, the "red grain beetle" of our Southern States; Ephestia elu- tclla, or chocolate moth; Anthrenus verbasci (varius), a common museum pest; Tro- goderma sternale Jayne, a species of somewhat similar habits to the preceding one; Calandra linearis, the tamarind-seed weevil ; Alphitophagus bifasciatus, a cosmopolitan species often found in storehouses. 1 Arafcerus is the original spelling of this genus (Schoenherr's Cure. Disp. Meth., p. 40; Gen. et Sp. Cure, vol. I, p. 173), hence must take precedence over Arawerus. -During April, while this bulletin was going through the press, the discovery of the Hour moth was announced in a mill near Saltillo, Mexico. NOTES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF THE NEW COCCID^ COLLECTED IN MEXICO BY PROF. C H. T. TOWNSEND. ]Jy T. D. A. Cockerell, New Mexico Agricultural College and Experiment Station, Las Cruces, N. Mex. ASPIDIOTUS. The two following new species are both nearctic, not neotropical, types. Aspidiotus nigropunctatus n. sp. Female scale. — Subcircular to suboval, 3 mm. in diameter, only slightly convex, crowded together on bark. Color of scale dirty gray. Exuviae sublateral, pitch-black, with a narrow reddish margin. Exuviae cov- ered by an easily deciduous film of white secretion. Removed from the bark, the scales leave a conspicuous white mark. Immature scales are rather brownish. Adult female. — Orange brown, oval. Mouth-parts large. Five groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 16 (sometimes more), caudolaterals 10 or 11 ; median group with 7 or 8 orifices. Anal orifice elongate in form, somewhat posterior to level of caudolateral groups of glands. Four pairs of lobes, these blunt and subtruncate, broad but not very broad, and flattened as in mimosce; median lobes close together but not touch- ing, their proximal sides parallel, their ends squared though rather irregular or subcrenate; second and third lobes distinctly notched; fourth rather low and rounded, with a smaller detached portion cephalad. Cephalad of this, the margin presents three small lob- ules. Plates not conspicuous, scale-like, short. Between the lobes are saccular incisions, such as are seen in mimosa^ etc. These are as follows: A short one at inner base of each median lobe; a large one, followed by a small one, between first and second lobes; a large one, with a small one on each side of it, between the second and third lobes; tliree rather small ones between the third and fourth lobes. The oval (dorsal) pores are as follows: One beneath each median lobe; four or live beneath (cephalad of) second lobe; a row of about nine beneath third lobe; a row of four or five beneath interval between third and fourth lobes. In a line with the last-mentioned row, but some distance cephalad, is an irregular series of twelve small round pores. Embryonic larva with conspicuous blue-black eyes. Habitat. — San Luis Potosi, Mexico, on shrub called " trueno," October 12; 1894. (Townsend No. 13; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 0112.) dl 32 Closely allied to J., obscurus Comst., but differs in color of exuviae, shape of female, and number of orifices in grouped glands. Note — Diagnostic descriptions of these species have been given under the title "Preliminary Diagnoses of New Cocciday" and published in Supplement to 1'syche, February, 1896 (pp. 18-20), in order to secure priority to Mr. Coekerell, the date of issuance of this bulletin being uncertain. — L. O. H. Aspidiotus townsendi n. sp. Female scale. — On upper side of leaf, 1 to 1J mm. in diameter, circu- lar or slightly oval, quite flat, thin, grayish white or rather almost trans- parent. Exuviae central or nearly so, covered, round, pale orange, strongly contrasting with scale. First skin placed rather to the side of the second. Male .scale. — Similar but smaller and elongate, with the exuvke toward one end. Adult female. — Orange, when boiled in soda becoming colorless, with the terminal portion tinged with brown. Shape subeireular, occasionally renifonn. Four groups <>1* ventral glands, cephalolaterals 4 to 8, caudo- laterals 5. Anal orifice large, oval, about twice its length from hind end. Two pairs of rounded lobes, median largest, not contiguous. Kounded incisions between the lobes, as in ur4, on leaves of tree with entire or very slightly toothed ovate lanceolate Leaves, 3i> to 57 mm. long. (Townsend; l)iv. Bnt. Dept. Agr. No. 0400.) 1 am obliged to regard this as a new species, but it is very near to A. uvw Comst., and especially to the u physiological species" A. color - at us Ckll., which latter lives on Chilopsis in the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. In coloratm both scale and exuviae are concolorous pale orange blown, whereas in townsendi the scale and exuvia' strongly contrast. On superficial examination, the present species might perhaps be con- founded with aurantii, articulatus, or dictyospermi, but a microscopical examination at once shows marked differences from any of these. Aspidiotus yuccae n. sp. Female scale. — Small, greatest diameter about 1 mm. or a little over. Oval, moderately convex, dirty whitish, with the covered, inconspicuous, pale brown exuvke to one end. Exuvke when rubbed appear shining dark brown or black, very conspicuous. The scales leave a white mark when removed from the plant. Adult female (boiled in alkali). — Transparent, very pale yellowish, sometimes browmish j mouth-parts and end of body tinged a deeper yel- 33 low. Shape nearly circular. Lobes dark brown, in strong contrast, appearing purple edged in some lights; margin cephalad of lobes also appearing purple. Three pairs of lobes, all low, the median ones largest, rounded, broad, not contiguous ; the other two pairs rudimentary. Three pairs of spine-like plates, i. e., a pair between median lobes and one on each side adjacent to second and third lobes. These plates are con- spicuous, sharp, much longer than the lobes. Very small, sac-like inci- sions between the lobes. A transversely elongate pore beneath space between median lobes and one beneath each second and third lobe. Anal orifice very far posterior, less than its length from hind end. No grouped, ventral glands, but as the specimens have neither eggs nor larvse they are probably not fully mature. Habitat. — Ciudad Porfirio Diaz, Coahuila, Mexico, November 25, 1894, on a Yucca, doubtfully referred to Y. austral is. (Townsend; Div. Ent. No. 64G5.) Closely allied to A. bowreyi Ckll., which occurs on Agave. Aspidiotus persese Oomst. Mr. Arthur de Cima, United States consul at Mazatlau, has been kind enough to send me a piece of cocoanut palm leaf from his garden. On it I find two examples only of an Aspidiotus, one too young to do anything with, the other just forming the true scale. Except that the plates are perhaps less branched, the insect agrees with A. per sew, and I can do nothing but refer it thereto. The following is a description of the specimen : Female scale. — Diameter about 1 mm., circular, very slightly convex, opaque, reddish brown with the central portion blackish, exuviae covered. True scale just forming, whitish, but would no doubt become darker with maturity. Adult female.— Pale orange yellow, subcircular or very broadly pyri- form ; three pairs of distinct lobes and three others rudimentary. Median lobes small, rounded at ends, parallel sided, nearly as far apart as the width of one; second and third lobes oblique broad, low, finely serrate on their margins; third lobe longer than second, and with more seme; fourth lobe a little longer than third, very broad and low, with its margin also serrate or finely crenulate; fifth lobe about as long as third, very low. Beyond this, three or four small serrated prominences indicate other rudimetary lobes. A pair of short, spine-like plates between median lobes, a pair between median and second, and also between second and third and third and fourth, those between second and third being some- what largest of any. Long, sac-like, tubular glands between the lobes, or rather at their bases, those cephalad of second and third lobes being the longest. Numerous transversely oval pores as usual in some species. Four groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals of seven orifices, cephal- olaterals of eleven. Anal orifice moderately large, pyriform, slightly caudad of level of caudolateral groups of glands. Surface finely striate. 13448— No. 4 3 34 This is very much like A* scuUformis in the characters of the female, but the scale is quite different. ' Ceroplaste3 mexicanus n. sp. Female. — Waxy scale, 6 mm. long, 5 broad, 3^ high. Wax moder- ately thin, grayish white with an ochreons tinge, smooth, without noticeable ridges or grooves. The wax is clearly separated into plates, though one has to look closely to see the sutures, which are concolor ous with the rest oi* the wax. Plate nuclei small, dull, dark purplish, with the usual central spot of white secretion. Dorsum of denuded insect simply convex, caudal spine rudimentary. Derm yellowish brown, with round gland spots encircled by a suffused irregular ring of dark brown. Legs ordinary. Coxa with a pair of moderately long- bristles at its end. Trochanter with a very long hair — as long as the lemur. Femur only about as long as tibia. Tibia about one-third longer than tarsus. Tarsal digitules fairly long and stout, with large suboval knobs. Claw short, curved; digitules of claw stout, with large round knobs distinctly separate from the stalks. Antenna1 of the usual lecaniine type, joints very obscure, but (here appear to be certainly seven; 1 longest, a little longer than 3j 2 and 1 subequal; the last three shortest and subequal; formula 4, 3 (1, 2) (5, 6, 7); 4 with a very long hair and two short ones at its end; last joint with several hairs, but none nearly so long as that on 1. Habitat. — San Luis PotOSl and Cuayinas, Mexico: on Catalpa sp., October 1L>, \S\U. (Townscnd ffo.20= Div. Bnt. Dept. Agr. No. 6434.) In shape and size near to C, cirripedi/armis Oomst., but at once separated by superficial appearance alone. It is superficially rather like C. irregularis Ckll., bul Unit species is really quite distinct and does not show separate plates. £ Coccus cacti L. subsp. confusus Ckll. Habitat. — Near Arroyo, Tex., December 10, 18(.)4, on Opuntia. (Townsend: Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 5859.) In the "American Naturalist w for December, 1893, I published an article on the different species of Covens. Since then two important facts have developed, viz: (1) The antenna- of C. confusus are normally 7-jointed, as in the other species; (2) the Jamaican insect is not typical G. cacti. The races of Coccus now known to me are four in number. It seems preferable to regard them as subspecies of ( '. cacti rather than as distinct species. (1) ('. cacti Linn. — This I Lave seen alive only in Madeira. The females are com- paratively large and sparsely covered with mealy secretion. Those I have studied had been purchased for the use of the chemical department of the New Mexico Col- lege. They are sold whole and ground down in a mortar to provide the pigment. 1 was surprised to find that the derm of these was very distinctly reticulate, the reticu- lations small and equally broad in any direction. The groups of gland on flees were hrown, and therefore very conspicuous: the number of orifices in a group variable. 35 about seven on an average, perhaps. These orifices are considerably larger than in confusus. Antennae as usual in the genus. Legs much larger than in confusus ; femur stout. Truncate spines very narrow (in the Jamaican insect they are very broad), with some complete spines among them. The insect, flattened under a cover glass, is 5 mm. long and 3 broad. (2) The Jamaican insect. Secretion profuse, as in confusus. Truncate spines thick, as in tomentosus. I am inclined to suppose that this may be the variety called "syl restrc," but as I have seen no clear description of that form I am in doubt. (3) C. tomentosus. Found in the Guanajuato region of Mexico. The females are not imbedded in profuse secretion as in confusus, but are clearly separable, being nevertheless each one enveloped in secretion, and not almost naked as in typical cacti. This was supposed to be the " sylvestre" = tomento»u»} by Lichtenstein. who had previously placed it (in MS.) as a new Acanthococeus. It appears that he noticed tin' insect; under the name tomentosus, in Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1884. Dr. Duges kindly lent me a letter which Lichtenstein wrote him on July 4, 1S84, containing the following passage, freely translated: "I suppose you note that I have not published the Opuntia coccid under the name Acanthococeus opuntim, for I have found that Lamarck had named 'la Cochenille sylvestre du Mexique' Coccus tomentosus. I must use the specific name, though 1 am not sure that it is the same insect, not yet having been able to consult Lamarck's work in that of Thierry de Merouville. I will do this in the winter." I would not here publish Lichtensteiu's original manuscript name did I not think that it would have to be brought into use, owing to the uncer- tainty about tomentosus. In such case we can call the Guanajuato form C. cacti subsp. opuntice (Liclit. MS.). (4) C. confusus. Antenna' 7-joiuted in well-developed individuals; joint 4 decid- edly longer than in Signoret's iigure of cacti. Smaller than cacti, and enveloped in profuse secretion, so that I presume it would be impossible to use it commercially. This is the form inhabiting the southwestern United States. The most northern locality from which I have seen specimens is Colorado Springs, Colo., November, 1894: (Professor Gillette). Professor Tourney sends it from Tucson, Ariz., on Opuntia versicolor Engelm. Still another form, the G. bassi Targ., is quite unknown to me. In Ceylon, also, where the species has been introduced, Mr. E. E. Green recognizes not only the typical form, but a variety which he has named ceyloidcus. Note. — Mr. Clarence E. Rhodes, one of my students in zoology, has been working out the relative amounts of pigment, weight for weight of the insects as gathered, in the different forms of Coccus. Following a method suggested by Professor Goss, chemist of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station, it was ascertained that taking commercial C. cacti as 100 the pigment in the same weight of tomentosus (ojHintia') from Guanajuato was equivalent to 80, while that of C. confusus from Las Cruccs was equivalent to only 10. It is evident that confusus is of practically no commercial value. 36 Genus CONCHASPIS Cockerell. Conchaspis Ckll., Bull. Bot. Dept. Jamaica, No. 40, Feb. [publ. March], 1893; Journ. Inst. Jamaica, No. 6, April [publ. May], 1893; Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893. VseudinyUsia Xewstead, Ent. Mo. Mag., July, 1893, p. 153. Conchaspis angraeci var. hibisci n. var. Female scale. — Differs from angrceci in being perhaps a little larger, grayish white, with the apex tilted over onto the side: strong ridges, about three in number, run from the apex toward the opposite margin. Adult female. — Derm colorless, with the last three abdominal segments strongly tinged with brown. Shape elongate-oval. Mouth -parts large ; rostral loop either hardly reaching to level of insertion of middle legs, or longer, reaching to insertion of hind legs. Eyes as usual in genus; round gland orifices or spinnerets also normal. Legs short; femur stout, decidedly longer than tibia and tarsus. Claw moderate. An- tenna1 short, somewhat tapering, brownish, 4- jointed, 2 somewhat long- est, the others about equal in length. Abdomen ending in a pair of contiguous lobes, rapidly descending and notched without. Segments with long bristles on their lateral margins, usually a pair on each side but sometimes one, sometimes three. In the thoracic region these bristles are very long, but they become successively smaller on the abdomen. Habitat. — Tampico, Mexico, on Hibiscus sp.jyrob.Jloridcmus, (Town- send No. 28 = Div. Ent. Dept, Agr. No. 6439.) This occurs on the twigs and leaf steins, whereas the typical angraci is found on the leaves of orchids. I place this as a variety of angrwci, because there is so little in structure to distinguish it, but I presume it is a "physiological species," breeding true and never occurring on orchids. Dactylopms olivaceus n. sp. Female (in alcohol). — Long. 34, hit. 2J, alt. l£min.; dark olive brown, distinctly segmented; on drying becoming whitish from a covering of mealy powder. Posterior tubercles obsolete. Antenme and legs brown; legs shorter than their distance from one another. Antenmc slender, distinctly narrower than tibia, 8-jointed; 8 extremely long, cylindrical, a little longer than 0 and 7 ; 1 large, longer than broad ; 1, 2, and 3 subequal in length, then 6 and 7 subequal, then 5, then 4 very short; formula 8 (1, 2, 3) (6, 7) 5, 4; joints with sparse whorls of short hairs. Legs very stout, coxa extremely large, the trochanter large. Femur about as long as tibia and tarsus. Tibia about one-third longer than tarsus. Tibia and tarsus apparently with a longitudinal groove, but this appearance is certainly no groove, but seems to be the tendon of the extensor muscle. The usual four digitules present ; the tarsal ones quite long, about as long as tarsus. These 'digitules all filiform, with small round knobs. Derm (by transmitted light after boiling) pale pinkish, transparent, with scattered small round gland spots. Hairs of anogenital ring very small and slender, easily overlooked, Embrvr 37 ouic larva pale pinkish ; hairs of anogenital ring relatively much larger than in the adult. Habitat — Giudad Porfirio Diaz, Ooahuila, Mexico, on Yucca (prob. Y. australis), November 25, 1894. (Townsend; Div. Ent. No. 6464.) At first I thought I would not describe this species, having only alcoholic material, but. its characters are so distinct that it will be eas- ily recognized. It is something like I), glaucus Maskell, and is one of those forms which are only placed in Dactylojrius because no better place can be found for them pending a revision of the dactylopiine genera, for which the time is perhaps hardly ripe. Eriococcus dubius n. sp. Female. — When dried, very dark reddish purple (boiled in caustic soda, does not stain liquid); length with sac a little over 3 mm.; sac loosely felted, white, with a slightly yellowish tinge; form as usual in genus. Derm colorless, with numerous stout spines. Legs and antennae pale brownish yellow. Antennae fairly slender, 7-jointed, 3 longest, and almost (sometimes quite) as long as 4 and 5, though sometimes 4 is nearly as long as 3; joint 4 longer than 5 and 6; 7 decidedly longer than 5 or 6 ; 5 longer than 6 • formula 3, 4 (1, 2) 7, 5, 6, or 3, 4, 2 (1, 7) 5, 6. Legs moderately slender; coxa longer than tibia, but shorter than femur. Tibia and tarsus subequal; sometimes tibia, sometimes tarsus, a little the longer. Claw very large, not much curved. Digitules ordinary, slender but not filiform. Large bristles on inner side of tibia and tarsus. Hair on trochanter short, not half as long as femur. Posterior tubercles small, but cylindrical, as usual in genus. Anogenital ring with eight hairs. Embryonic larva elongate, x>ink, with prominent posterior tubercles emitting the usual long setae. Rows of spines down the back, as in larva of Coccus. Fifteen stout spines on each lateral margin, occupy- ing posterior two-thirds of margin. Legs and mouth-parts large. Antennae stout, 6-jointed, 3 longest, 4 and 5 shortest, 6 about as long as 4 and 5. Habitat. — Valles, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, on a shrub not identified, but with leaves small, lanceolate, pale apple green above, densely stellate-pubescent beneath. (Townsend, October 13, 1894 ; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 6441.) It is severely attacked by a species of Leucopis. This species proves to be extremely close to H. coccineus Ckll., which is no doubt really neotropical, though so far only known from a Ne- braska greenhouse. It would have made the differences between dubius and coccineus clearer if the former could have been described in its living state, but although I had a brief glance at dubius before Pro- fessor Townsend sent it to Washington it did not occur to me to make any descriptive notes at the time, since I had no idea that I should be the one to introduce the species into the literature. It has been 38 suggested that this is perhaps not a true .EriococcHs, but 1 must Agree with Mr. Masked iu placing such forms as this in that genus. Lecanium imbricatum u. sp. Fondle (on twig) about 4 mm. long, oval, moderately convex, much wrinkled, no doubt from contraction in drying, therefore probably soft when alive. Bed dish brown, moderately shiny, more or less cov- ered, especially at sides, with a thin, fragile coat of glassy secretion. Derm thickly beset with large brown glands, which, viewed laterally, are broadly fusiform. Anogenital ring with eight long hairs, about as long as the anal plates. Anal plates yellowish brown, longer than broad, with the outer sides nearly equal and meeting at about a right angle. Antennae very short but thick, rudimentary.. joints not distin- guishable; tip with several hairs. Legs rudimentary, very short and stout; the femur might almost be described as oval. Male. — Scale as usual in genus, white, glassy, rugose; very numerous on twig, overlapping one another like tiles on a house or the involu- cral bracts of a composite plant. Habitat. — Alta Mira, Taoiaulipas, .Mexico, on Mimosa, October 15, 1894. (Townsend: Div. But Dept. A. imbrioatmm certainly appears to be L. itrichi Ckll., discovered in Trinidad, but lately received also from Brazil. The Brazilian examples are on SmUdx campestris (Iriseb., Bio Grande do Sul (Dr. von Ihering); they seem certainly to belong to nrichi, but whereas in the types of that species I found no antennae, on examining a Brazilian example i find short, pale antennae of about seven joints. Orthezia sonorensis n. sp. Female. — Length 2\ mm., with ovisac 11 mm.; breadth of sac 3J mm. Dorsum covered by the white secretion, except a small area posteriorly. Four strong lamina' on each side projecting backward over base of ovisac; median lamina (or pair) very much abbreviated. Derm trans- parent, thickly beset with small spines. Legs orange brown, coxa broader than long, femur about as long as tibia, tarsus hardly more than half as long as tibia; claw stout, not much curved; claw and distal half of tarsus dark brown. Tibia and tarsus with numerous short stout spines on inner side. [Antennae broken in the adults examined.] Im- mature form with 7-jointed antennae; formula 7, 3 (1, 2, 4) 5, 6', 5 very nearly as long as 4, 7 very slender. Earlier stage with 0-jointed antennae ; 39 formula 0, 3, 1, 4 (2, 5); 4 sometimes much more slender than 3. Anogenital ring with six distinct hairs. Claw with very small digitules. Habitat. — San Ignacio, Sonora, Mexico, on " gecota," Hymenoeloa monogyra. (Townsend, October 4, 1894 ; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 0448.) The affinities of this line species are clearly with 0. annas Okll., which it much resemble's. These forms are of the type of 0. urticw Linn, as regards the formation of the laminae or lamellae of white secretion. The following form, closely allied to P. yuccas1 Coq. (I). mexicanus Ckll.), has just been received from Antigua: Phenaeoccus yuccae, n. var barberi Ckll. Female. — In spirits, looks like a Monophlebus, the cottony secretion having been lost; whitish, nude, shiny, segmentation distinct; length about 5, breadth about 2j mm.; legs and antenna1 pale reddish brown (very much paler than those of P. yucca'), shiny. Anogenital ring with six stout bristles. Posterior lobes rounded, low, inconspicuous, with a few hairs and numerous short spines, after the maimer of Daetylopiux. Antenna' 9-jointed, the joints subequal, very distinct, bearing whorls of hairs; i) about one-third longer than 8; 7 a little longer than 8; 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7 practically equal, 2 perhaps slightly the shortest; 3 a little longer than 4; 1 about as long as 2; formula 9, 3 (1, 2, 4, 5, 0, 7) 8. Legs large, ordinary, tibia somewhat longer than femur; tibia and femur each with two rows of stiff bristles, tibial bristles about twelve in a row, femoral about seven. Trochanter with five bristles and one long hair. Tarsus extremely short; excluding claw, it is of the same length as last joint of antenna. Claw large, curved, with a small but very dis- tinct denticle on its inner side. Tarsal digitules filiform, with minute but distinct knobs; digitules of claw filiform. Sides of segments with round patches of small spines. Habitat. — Collected by Mr. 0. A. Barber, in Antigua, on AUamanria and T/umbergia grandi flora, and also observed by him on Colcus and G ro- ton growing near the Thunbergia. Mr. Barber also sent me numerous specimens which he found on a plant not identified, at St. Kitts. Although the material sent was abundant, it was all in alcohol and included no males; hence I am unable to determine whether we have- to do with a distinct species or not. The distinctions from yuccas, so far as can be made out from the alcoholic material, are very slight, although barberi can be easily separated by the x^ale legs and antenna'. These forms are not typical Pkenaeoccm {Pseudococcus Auctt.) by any means, and will doubtless have to be eventually placed in a distinct genus or subgenus. I hesitate to make such a change now, because the whole dactylopiiue series stands in need of generic revision, and it will be better to let the matter rest until this work can be taken in hand. 1 1 have received alcoholic specimens of this insect from Mr. Urich, collected in Trinidad. They show joint 3 of antennae rather longer than 9 ; otherwise they agree excellently with the barberi from Antigua. Mr. Urich writes that he found them in St. Anns, on orange trees, hut they were not common. A LIST OF SCALE INSECTS FOUND UPON PLANTS -ENTERING THE PORT OF SAN FRANCISCO. By Alexander Craw, Quarantine Officer and Entomologist, State Hoard of Horticulture, California. .Nan if of species. Country. Trees and plants. Orange and Fourcroyia. Cocoanut palms. Orange, Aucuba, Euonymus. Camellia, orange, camphor, azalea, Olea fragrans, tea. Orange, banana, Ilex, Aspidistra. ( (range. Palms (Latania borbonica). Palms, olives, Acacia, Araucaria bid- wellii. Ornamental plants. Palms. Do. citrinus Coq. MSS.2 Central America ficus A shin do Florida < 'uba nerli Bouche2 Eastern States Do. Aulaeaspis sp Asterolecanium pustnlans Ckll Ceroplastea ceriferus Anderson Aspidistra lnrida. Camellia, orange, gardenias. Orange. Asplenium fern. Aspidistra lurida. Eucalyptus?. Orange. Lime. Orange. Osmanthus, Aspidistra. Tahiti Southern Mexico Australia difBcilis Ckll Cherry, peach, plum, apricot, prune, walnut, persimmon, Eleagnus. Shrub. patellsBformia Sasak. (?) Eastern States Central America Australia Eastern States Blackberry, rose. Pose. adonidum Linn.9 Croton. Orauge. Eastern States Washington Island, Marq. Orange. ...do Do. Icerya purchasi Mask.2 Pitisporum. Ischnaspis filiformis-Dow^r.2 Lecanium filicum Sign hesperiduni Linn.2 New Zealand Florida Ferns. Orange, lemon. Orange. longulum Dougl Carica papaya. ...do . tessellatum Sign. (?) Deciduous magnolia. Hawaii 1 Established in California for over twenty years. 2 Found to a limited extent in California, and, with the exception of the two species of Mytilaspis, are not feared, as they are mostly held in check by predaceous insects. 40 41 Quarantine Officer and Entomologist, Slate Board of Horticulture, California — Cont'd. Name of species. Country. Trees and plants. Central America Orange, lemon. Tahiti . Orange, Magnolia fuscata. Orange. Do. Florida proteus Curtis imported date palms. On orange leaves, wood, and fruit. Italy Polllnia costae Targ.-Toz do Found on olive in Los Angeles Coun- ty, and destroyed by Horticultural Commissioner John Scott. Ferns, orange, coffee, pomegranate, alligator pears. A few plum trees in San" Bernardino found infested and cleaned out by owner. Climbing plant- Hothouse plants. Eastern States 'Found to a limited extent in California, and, with the exception of the two species of Mytilaspis, are not feared, as they are mostly held in check hy predaceous insects. SOME COCCID.E FOUND BY MR. ALEX. CRAW IN THE COURSE OF HIS QUARANTINE WORK AT SAN FRANCISCO. By T. 1). A. COCKERELL, La* Cnncs. X. Mrs. Chionaspis difficilis n. sp. Female scale. — About 2 mm. long, irregular, from found to subelon- gate, slightly woolly in texture, white, moderately convex; exuviae to one side, rather inconspicuous, second skin black or nearly so; first skin pale straw color, about one-third on second, but on the side toward the middle of the scales sometimes the exuviae are reddish. Removed from the twig the scale leaves a very conspicuous snow-white patch. Male scale. — White, tricarinate, exuviae almost colorless. Adult female, — Plump, orange rufous with a slight purple tinge: in caustic soda bluish green, with the pygidial parts dull orange. Five groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals of about 4.'], cephalolaterals about 41 to 43, median about 37. Median lobes brownish, large, close together at their base, diverging at nearly a right angle; the two sides of the lobe, if ] nod need to a point, would meet at nearly a right angle. These lobes are perfectly entire, or at most very slightly notched on each side. Next each median lobe is a spine-like plate, not so long as the lobe; then the small, low, deeply bifid or bipartite second lobe, adjacent to which is a spine; then two or three spine-like plates, longer than the lobes; then the third lobe, low and bifid like the second, its caudal half larger than the other: then three spine-like plates, resem- bling the other three; then a rather long interval, on which are three small, low, pyramidal projections, the third with a spine next to it ; then four spine-like plates; then a long unbroken or slightly seriate interval ; then four or five pairs of large spine like plates. The anal orifice is a long way from the hind extremity. There are conspicuous rows of oval pores marking the obsolete segments. Habitat. — Japan, on bark of branches of Elwagnvs, found by Mr. Craw in his quarantine work, November 13, 1895. This is one of those puzzling forms which might as well be placed in Diasjris as Chionaspis. The female presents the closest resemblance to D. amygdali Tryon, but the median lobes are practically entire and the glands in the groups appear to be more numerous. The last feature, however, varies in amygdali, and doubtless will in diffieilw. The female scale diners at once from amygdali in the color of the exuviae, and the male scale is quite distinct, being well tricarinate. Chionaspis major Ckll. has the tricarinate male scale, but difficilis differs from that in its 42 43 smaller scale, as well as in its more amygdali-like lobes. Chionaspis pninieola Mask., which its author scarcely knew whether to put in Chio- naspis or Diaspis1 is another similar form. It has not^kowever, the tri- carinate male scale of difficilis. Aspidiotus albopimctatus n. sp. Male scale. — Very small, hardly over one half mm. broad, circular, becoming at length elongate by the production of one side, and then over 1 mm. long. Slightly convex, dull black, inclining to grayish; exuviae marked by a white dot surrounded by a black ring. Eemoved from the bark, the scale leaves a white patch without any dark ring. Female scale. — Circular, flat, extremely inconspicuous, dull paleochre- ous, more or less blackish; on examining the scale from beneath, it is seen that the exuviae are large and orange. Probably the few female scales seen are not quite adult. Their diameter is about 1 mm. Adult female. — Pale yellow, of or- dinary circular shape; pygidial area striated, no groups of ventral glands. Two pairs of lobes only; median lobes large, close together but not touching, rounded, notched on the outer side and F,fi- *— tspidiotw aWopwiuoatus (from ,. t i ii ,1 • drawing by Cockerell). sometimes slightly on the inner; sec- ond lobes much smaller, strongly notched on the outer side. Plates spine-like, not very large. Beyond the^obes the margin appears to present three or four irregular serrations, which in well-developed specimens take the form of double spine-like plates. There are two pairs of sac-like incisions, as mperniciosiis. Habitat. — Japan, on twigs of orange seedlings, found by Mr. Craw in his quarantine work. This might easily be considered a form of A. p&rmciosus, which, how- ever, does not seem to affect citrus trees, and is not found on the plums, peaches, etc., from Japan. The characters are almost exactly those of pernieiosus, but the male scales of the latter have the exuvia* more or less yellowish. The relationship between the two is quite as close as that between Mytilaspis pomorum and citrieola, and I confess that it would not have occurred to me to separate albopunetatus as a distinct species but for its habits and locality. It is, in fact, what I have called a " physiological species." Parlatoria these var. viridis n. var. Female scale.— About li mm. long, nearly circular, but the exuvia* projecting at one side give it a broad pyriform outline. From one- third to two thirds of the first skin overlaps the second. First skin dark greenish to greenish black. Second skin about twice as long as first, nearly round, dark greenish to black, with sometimes a narrow brown 44 Fio.2. ■ParUUoria thece var. vir Cockerell). iiin (from drawing by margin. Scale very little convex, white, with a more or less pronounced grayish yellow tinge. Removed from the bark it leaves a white mark. Adult female.— Very broad, oval, bluish green, with the pygidial area pale orange and the region about the mouth-parts suffused with van- dyke brown. Five groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals of 1G to 17, cephalolaterals 9 to 16, median 1 to 4. Lobes pale brown. Three pairs of well-formed lobes, two others rudimentary. Median lobes well produced, squarely incised on each side, the inner notch not so near the end of the lobe as the outer. Second lobes smaller, notched only on the outer side. Third lobes much like the second, but also feebly notched on the inner side near the end. Rudimentary lobes pointed. The scale-like plates, strongly serrated at their ends, are not so long as the median lobes, and not longer than the second and third. There Is a pair between the median lobes, a pair between the first and second, and three between the second and third, three also between the third and fourth lobes, and four between the fourth and fifth. Habitat. — On bark of twigs of an ornamental plant from Japan, found by Mr. Alex. Craw in nis quarantine work. The species of Parlatoria are not easy to define, and I really do not know whether in the present case we have to do with a valid species or a variety of theoe. At any rate, viridis may be known by the more produced tips of the median lobes, the median plates as long as those between the first and second lobes, the bright green color, the five groups of ventral glands, and the pale flattened scale. In viridis the lateral groups of glands almost or quite touch one another, Avhile in thece they are well apart. From Haskell's species, myrtus and pittospori, viridis differs at once by the plates being not longer than the lobes. From Del Guercio's P. targionii (sub Aspidiotus) it differs by the dark exuviffi and other characters. Nor will it agree with the other species, pergandei, proteus, zizyphus, and victrix. Mytilaspis crawii n. sp. Female scale. — Narrow, about 2£ mm. long and one-half mm. wide, slightly curved, pale orange yellow, exuviae concolorous. Adult female. — Yellow. Four groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals of 3, cephalolaterals of 4 in a row. Median lobes very large, rounded at ends, their edges finely serrate. They are closely adjacent at a point at the base, being separated, however, by a pair of small spine-like plates; thence they diverge at nearly a right angle to their rounded ends, thence 45 rapidly sloping, the outward slope longer than the inner, and diverging from it at an angle of about 80°. Next to the outer side of each median lobe is a small spine-like plate, then a sac-like incision, then the small second lobe, shaped much like the last joint of a finger and in bulk hardly one-tenth of a median lobe. Following this is a small sac-like incision, then a pointed projection, then two saccular incisions, then after a short interval a spine-like plate, then another sac-like incision, then a long interval of smooth margin, then another sac, then another interval, in the middle of which is a small spine. Below the sac-like incisions are transversely elongate pores. Habitat. — Japan. Found by Mr. Craw in the course of his quaran- tine work, on leaves of an Elceagmts from Japan. I do not know the species of Elwagnus, but the leaves are about 3 inches long and If inches broad. The scale is extremely inconspicuous, as it lives beneath the epidermis on the underside of the leaf along the midrib. By this habit and the large median lobes it will be readily distinguished. From M. grandilobis Mask., which has the large median lobes, it is known by the entirely different color of the scale, etc. Several of the specimens were parasitised. Mytilaspis carinatus n. sp. Female scale. — 3 J mm. long; second skin about 1 mm., first skin about one half mm., about one-half on first. Width of scale three-fourths mm. Scale very pale brown, strongly keeled, almost exactly straight, narrow, not shining; exuviae dull orange. Male scale similar but smaller, with only one pellicle. Adult male. — Ordinary, well winged. Adult female (in caustic soda). — Of the ordinary shape, pale yellow. Groups of ventral glands nearly obsolete, but in one example the ceph- alolateral group, of 4 orifices, is distinct; and the caudolateral, also of 4, is imperfectly devel- oped. There are rows of well-marked elongate pores marking the obsolete seg- ments. Anal orifice a long distance from hind end. Three pairs of lobes, all very small, narrow, and incon- spicuous, the median larg- est, shaped something like a blunt canine tooth, widely Separated, With a pair Of Fig. 3.— Mytilaspis carinatm (from drawing by Cockerell). spine-like plates between. Outside each median lobe is a long spine-like plate, much longer than the lobe, then a short one, then a slight projection; then the third and sec- ond lobes, close together but not touching, of about the same size, and 46 nearly of the shape of the median lobes; then comes a raised portion, gradually sloping, and exhibiting four or five marginal sacs of no great length -, then a notch and two very large spine-like plates, then after a short interval a notch marked by a pair of marginal sacs, then after a rather long interval another notch and pair of sacs, then shortly after another pair of very large spine-like plates, then after a rather long inter- val a notch and pair of sacs, then after a somewhat longer interval a couple of notches, then a large spine-like plate, then a notch, then a large spine-like plate. The notches might as well be described as serrations. Habitat. — Found by Mr. Alex. Craw in his quarantine work, October HO, 181)."). "upon plants like Anthurium arrived from Central America," It occurs on the leaves, in moderate numbers, scattered. It has a cer- tain superficial resemblance to M. oitricola, but differs at once by the narrower, keeled scale. SOME NEV/ SPECIES OF JAPANESE COCCIlXffi, WITH NOTES. By T. D. A. Cockerell,, Las ('nice*, .V. Mex. I am indebted to Mr. Howard for permission to study some of the interesting Ooceidae found in Japan by Mr. Takahashi when acting as temporary agent of the Entomological Division of the Department of Agriculture. Two of the species described herewith are so anomalous as to form the types of new subgenera; and it is questionable whether they should not rather be placed in new genera altogether. Genus PULVINARIA. TAKAHASHIA new subgenus. Similar to" ordinary Pulvinaria ia general structure, but forming a very long, firm, cottony ovisac, which projects from the twig in a curve about 17 mm. long, carrying on its end the shriveled body of the female. Mr. Takahashi must forgive me for saying that this is atrnly Japan- esque insect, and well deserves a subgenene name which may recall not only its discoverer, but the land from whence come many quaint and beautiful things. Pulvinaria (Takahashia) japonica n. sp. Female (in its shriveled condition) about 0 mm. long, reddish brown, blackish on dorsum; carried on the end of a long, curved, white ovisac, about 17 mm. long, firm, cottony, with the fibers running longitudi- nally. Boiled in caustic potash: derm slightly pinkish, with numerous round gland orifices and apparent short spines, which latter may repre- sent portions of secreted matter protruding. These orifices, etc., not observed at the sides. Rostral loop short. Anal plates dull orange, longer than broad, with their outer angle rounded, and two pairs of strong bristles on inner edge close to posterior end. Anogenital ring with stout hairs, few (I think six) in number. Legs and an teniae very small. Legs ordinary, except that the anterior ones seem to have 2 jointed tarsi. This character is peculiar and will require further study with more material. Trochanter with two hairs, one longer than the other. Femur short, about as long as tibia. Tarsus slender, about two- thirds length of tibia. Claw straight, a little hooked at end; the usual digitules of claw and tarsus present, but all very slender and small. Tarsal digitules extending about as far as tip of claw; digitules of claw 47 48 extending a little beyond. Knobs distinct. Antenna' short and stout, 7 -jointed; 3 much, longest, 4 and 6 equal and shortest; 2 and 5 about equal, also 1 and 7; formula 3 (7,1) (2,5) (4,6); 1, 2, and 4 broader than long; 5 about as long as broad. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on mulberry. (Takahashi; Div.Ent.Dept. Agr. Xo. 5821.) Pulvinaria aurantii n. sp. Female, with white cottony ovisac, scattered over under surface of leaf, looking just like P. psidii Mask. The ovisac is about 5 mm. long, irregular or suboval in shape. The shriveled female is ochreous or greenish. Marginal spines numerous, unusually long, quite strong, never branched. Spines of lateral incisions in threes, two small, one large. Rostral loop extremely short. Anal plates together forming about a square. Anogenital ring with numerous hairs. Legs ordinary; tarsus much shorter than tibia; tibia with a very long hair near its end, and a shorter one proximad. Claw short, blunt, curved; digitules of claw very large and stout, with large knobs. Knobs abrupt; stalk compara- tively slender, but bulbous at base. Antennae 8 jointed ; :>. longest, but not much so; 2, 4, 5, and 8 subequal; 5 seems a little longer than 4; 6 and 7 equal and shortest; 5 with a very long hair. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on orange. (Takahashi; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 5941.) This species looks just like P. psidii Mask., and I had almost taken it for granted that it was that species. Microscopic examination, how- ever, at once reveals striking differences, especially in the marginal spines, so that there can be no question about the distinctness of the Japanese form. The following notes on P. psidii will serve for com- parison and to amplify the published account of that species: Pulvinaria psidii Maskell. (1) Material from Maskell, from type locality, Sandwich Islands. Marginal spines very much smaller and more numerous than in aurantii, easily broken off. Those near lateral incisions rather larger than the rest, and broadened and serrate at the ends. Three spines in lateral incisions, one long, two short, as in aurantii. Femur and tro- chanter distinctly longer than corresponding parts of aurantii. Tibia with only a short hair near end. (2) Material from E. E. Green, found in Ceylon. Shows similar short spines, which tend to enlarge and branch at ends. Anal plates together form about a square. Anogenital ring with six long stout hairs. Trochanter with a very long bristle; coxa with two rather short bristles, one shorter than the other. Tibia with a moder- ately long hair near end. Claw short and curved; digitules of claw practically as in aurantii, but knob hardly so abrupt. Antennae 8-jointed; 3 very much the longest; 4 decidedly longer than 5; 6 and 7 49 shorter than 5, subequal, narrower in proportion to their breadth than in aurantii] 8 about as long as 4; 2 nearly as long as 4. Pulvinaria tecta Maskell. A. word seems necessary as to this species, since it has been found on orange in Australia. It differs from P. aurantii in occurring in masses on the twigs, the females almost smothered in the cotton ; in the antenna1, especially in the short second joint; also in the filiform digitules of the claw. These particulars are gathered from Maskell's description; I have not seen tecta myself. The marginal spines of P. tecta, as figured by Maskell, resemble those of aurantii. Genus SPH^ROCOCCUS. PSEUDOLECANIUM new subgenus. Adult female more or less oval, lecanium-like, living exposed on plant or more or less protected by the sheathing bases of leaves; not visibly segmented in adult; antenna? and legs wanting; margin with capitate spines; larva excessively elongated. Sphaerococcus (Pseudolecanium) tokionis n. sp. Adult female, simply a sac containing larva? ; irregular, more or less oval, about 6 mm. long, dark brown, shiny. Living on twigs and pro- ducing a little cottony matter. I did not succeed in finding legs or antenna?, and believe them to be absent. Margin with capitate spines, shaped like little Agarics. (Spines such as these occur also in Ceroplastes.) As in Kermes, which the insect in many ways suggests, the larva affords the best characters. It is very curious that while the adult female is so excessively degenerate, the very young larva' which pack her body full exhibit more differentiation of parts than is usual in coccid larvae. The larval antenna1, for example, are like those of an adult coccid, and very different from those usually exhibited by larva? ; so also with the legs. It would seem, in fact, as if ancestral adult char acteristics had been pushed back into the earliest larval stage. Larva pale pink, distinctly segmented, excessively long and narrow, with sides approximately parallel. Skin very finely, longitudinally striated. Xo hairs on anal ring. Two long caudal bristles, which, bent back, reach about the insection of last pair of legs. No anal lobes; hind extremity notched, with six short blunt spines. A row of stout bat short spines along each side, as in a Kermes larva. Cephalic end with a row of about ten tubular glands. Legs ordinary; digitules slender, those of claw short, those of tarsus long, extending far beyond those of claw. Tibia longer than tarsus, as is usual m adult (not larval) coccids. Antenna? 0 jointed; the joints very distinct, with strong constrictions between them; joints with short hairs, last one 13448— No, 4 4 50 with an excessively long one; 3 a little longer than 6, and longest; 1 about as long as 6, or a little shorter: 4 and 5 subequal; 2 shortest. Formula 3, 6, 1, 5, 4, 2. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on bamboo. (Takahashi; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. Xo. 6308.) Judging from the twigs sent, the bamboo must be one of the smaller ornamental species. When I saw this, I thought at once of the Sandwich Island Sphcero- coccus bambuscB Mask. I have specimens of this latter, kindly sent me by Mr. Maskell. and it is evidently distinct, though similar in geueral appearance. The adult female of bambusce is distinctly segmented pos- teriorly, and so hardly resembles a Lecanium, except in the texture of the skin. The larva? of the two species are also easily distinguished. The various species which Maskell has described under JSphwrococcus are strikingly diverse in their characters, and this species may be placed therefor the present without widening very much, if at all, the bounds already set by the author of the genus. Genus LECANIODIASPIS. Subgenus PROSOPOPHORA Douglas. Never having seen the type of Lecaniodiaspis (L, sardoa), I had taken it for granted that Douglas was correct in separating Prosopophora as a distinct genus. Recently, finding that Lecaniodiaspis yuccw was undoubtedly a Prosopophora, I was led to look more closely into the matter, with the result that I can not separate Douglas's genus satisfac- torily from Targioni Tozzetti's. In leaving Prosopophora as a subgenus, I believe I give it the best rank it is entitled to, and even that may be called into dispute. With the Japanese species described below, the genus contains the following: (1) Lecaniodiaspis sardoa Targ., Mediterranean region. (2) L. yucca' Towns., New Mexico. (3) L. yuccas var. rufescens (Ckll.), New Mexico and Colorado. The true yucca' is rounder in outline than rufescens and has 7-jointed antennae, whereas rufescens shows distinctly 8 joints. The number of antennal joints is known not to be constant in L. dendrobii, and I do not think the difference observed between yucca and rufescens indicates more than a variety. The former was first published and so must stand for the species. It was credited to Riley MS., but the only description which has appeared was written by Professor Townsend. The var. rufescens occurs on chenopodiaceous plants. The Colorado habitat is now first made known; it was sent by Professor Gillette thickly infesting twigs of Sarco- batus vcnniculatus from Grand Junction, Colo. Some of the specimens in this lot were parasitized. 4. L. dendrobii (Dough), Demerara. 5. L. quercus n. sp., Japan. 6. L. eucalypti (Mask.), Australia. 7. L. acacia: (Mask.), Australia. 51 Lecaniodiaspis (Prosopophora) quercus n. sp. Adult female. — Scales numerous on twigs. Long. 3 J, lat. 2£, alt. 2 J mm. Pale oehreous, obscurely carinate, segmentation fairly evident. Boiled in caustic potash, they turn it sherry color. Female (after boil- ing), dark reddish brown. Antennae 7 -join ted, the joints cylindrical; 1 shortest, much broader than long ; then G and 7 subequal, much longer than broad ; then the other four subequal, but 3 rather longer than 2. Formula (3, 4) (2, 5) (6, 7) 1. Derm with numerous gland orifices and false spines, as usual in genus; derm has a finely marbled appearance, due to minute wrinkles. Margin with a few, short, true spines. Ano- geuital ring and other characters as usual in the genus. Legs, of course, wanting. Young larva (squeezed out of the transparent egg-shell) pale pink, rostral filaments curled in two watch-spring-like coils. Antennae 0-jointed, 2, 3, and 6 subequal and longest. Legs stout, femur about as long as tibia and tarsus. Coxa quite large. Trochanter with two strong curved bristles. Tibia with a long curved bristle on its inner face; tarsus with a small bristle on its inner face. Claw hooked at end; digitules filiform, well developed; tarsal digitules long. Caudal filaments bent back, not nearly reaching insection of last pair of legs. Anogenital ring with distinct hairs. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on Quercus sp. (Takahashi; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 5940.) This species very much resembles rufescens, but is more convex. The occurrence of two species so closely allied, of a peculiar genus, in Japan and New Mexico respectively, is very interesting; similar instances in other groups are known, especially those pointed out by Asa Gray among plants. The conclusion is that we have to do with an old type, which formerly occupied more territory than at present. Signoret remarked that L. sardoa much resembled Eriococcus buxi in superficial appearance. L. quercus is about the color of the sacs of Eriococcus eucalypti Mask., and might easily be taken at a glance for an Eriococcus. Aspidiotus secretus n. sp. Female scale. — White, shiny ; exuviae exposed, shiny, rather large, very pale yellow, placed rather to one side. Immature female (boiled in potash) almost colorless, terminal portion brownish; outline nearly round; mouth-parts far posterior, almost as in a Parlatoria. No groups of ventral glands. Lobes and spines pres- ent, but no plates. Three pairs of lobes; median large, strongly diverging, pyramidal in outline, rounded at ends. On the rapidly descending distal side of each median lobe, at the base, is a small tri- angular projection. Second lobes separated from this triangular pro- jection by a space about equal to their width. Second lobes smaller than median, but well developed, notched on each side at end so as 52 to be obscurely trilobed. Two very small projections immediately following second lobe. Third lobe a great distauce from the second, small and tooth-like. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on bamboo. (Takahashi; Div. But. Dept. A or. No. 5944.) Living crowded under the epidermis. The concealed habitat of this species is peculiar; the scales are so closely packed as to be with diffi- culty separated. In the scale, the insect < somewhat resembles such species as A. nerii, 1 //\f\ but the characters of the female are quite different. It is possible that there are deli- cate and easily deciduous plates, but I found none in the specimens examined by me. The lobes also are peculiar. When I saw the in- Fig. 4.— Aspidiotus secreUu (from . , ,, T , drawSTbyOoctoreU). M'rI ,m,,<'r fche microscope, I was at once reminded of A. bossiece .Mask., but our insect is certainly quite distinct from that, and may not be even closely related. Aspidiotus duplex n. sp. Female scale. — About 2§ mm. diameter, subcircular, moderately con- vex, dark blackish brown with the Large round exuviae nearly to one side and orange in color. Removed from the bark, a white patch is left, representing the so-called ventral scale. Female (boiled in potash) pale orange, broadly oval or subcircular, with the large cephalic por- tion separated from the rest by a deep suture. Mouth-parts large. Skin on dorsum very strongly, transversely grooved, the grooves linear, often anastomosing. Four groups of ventral glands in the usual situa- tion, caudolaterals of US to 30, cephalolaterals of 42; median group represented by two orifices, not very close to one another. Besides these groups, there is a group of 17 to 22 orifices, quite similar in char- acter, on each side of the mouth-parts; these groups are oval in outline. The anus is about on a level with the anterior ends of the caudolat* ral groups. There are four (two on each side) long tubes or ducts origi- nating about the region between the caudolateral groups and the anus, and passing hindward, practically parallel, to the end of the body. On the dorsal surface the segments are marked by rows of oval pores. The "pygidium" shows on the dorsal surface a very distinct lattice- work, as in A. them and Ischnaspis filiformis. Median lobes very large, brown, rounded at ends, but notched on each side so as to be trilobed; the lateral lobes very small and passing into the straight parallel sides. The median lobes are very close together, but distinctly separated, not touching, not diverging. There are three other pairs of lobes, small, narrow, rounded at ends, very inconspicuous and easily overlooked among the scale-like plat s. Plates not extending beyond lobes, scale- like, not separately distinguishable, but forming a continuous fringe 53 which rapidly narrows beyond fourth lobe, and ceases before the deep notch which indicates another segment. Margin cephalad of fourth lobe distinctly serrate, serrations coarse. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan. (Takahashi ; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 5043. ) At first sight there appears some resemblance to Aonidia, but that genus really represents circular Fiorinia. The present insect, Aspi- diotus duplex, has a sort of double scale, for the brown true scale is cov- ered by a blackish film of secretion, which often extends a little over the exuviae. I can not see the first skin on the orange exuviae, but as often happens it is doubtless covered by secretion, and as usual in Aspidiotus the orange portion represents both larval skins. If the insect were an Aonidia, the blackish film should represent the second skin, and this certainly is not the case. The almost lateral exuviae and other characters presented by this species are very peculiar for Aspidiotus, but a closely allied form has been described by Mr. Maskell as Aspidiotus ihece. This latter infested tea in the Kangra Valley, India, and Assam, and has just the sublat- eral exuviae, lattice work pattern of pygidium, and covering film of our insect. It will be distinguished, however, by the scale being light brown (ours is very dark), the film being white (not blackish), and sev- eral other minor characters. In America there is no species very near to duplex, but an apparently new si)ecies shortly to be described by Mr. W. G. Johnson, found on JEsculus californica at Palo Alto, Oal., shows some superficial resem- blance and has a similar covering film, though that is whitish. It differs at once from duplex in the position of the e^uvhe, the obliquely truncate median lobes, the large conspicuous spines, etc. This species of Mr. Johnson's is probably related closely to the European A. hippo- castani Sign, (which I have never seen), but I think he is correct in con- sidering it distinct. Genus CHXONASPIS Sign. Chionaspis latus n. sp. Female scale. — Similar to that of Chionaspis aspidistra^ but broader. Adult female (cleared in potash and mounted in balsam). — Three- fourths mm. long, about one-third wide; lateral margins of segments somewhat produced, but the breadth of the produced portions greater than the length. Anal orifice rather large, round, level with the interval between the lateral groups of glands. Five groups of ventral glands, median of 8, cephalolaterals 20 to 23, caudolaterals 19 to 22. Length of caudolateral group g£o inch ; distance of hindmost gland of caudolateral group from base of median lobes T^o inch; length of median lobes 22-50 inch. Median lobes brown ; the others colorless, or almost so. Median lobes obliquely ascending to the median line, at which they are contig- uous for their whole length, the two lobes together forming nearly the outline of a half circle. The descending external margins are thrice 54 deeply notched, thus becoming conspicuously crenate. Each lobe is deeply incised at its base, but except for this it would form a nearly right-angled triangle, the right angle being the inner basal one. The length of each lobe in the median line is about as great as its breadth at the base, or somewhat greater. Immediately outside each lobe is a spine, then comes a large plate, conical in outline; then a pair of lobes resembling in shape human incisor teeth, but more narrowed basally; then a long spine; then a pair of oblong plates, followed by what may be a very rudimentary lobe, marked at the base like the previous pair of lobes by a round , low prominence bearing a short hair; then after a short interval comes a low, broad serration on the margin, followed by a number of minute serrations, toward the end of which is another short hair springing from a round spot; after this comes a short interval and then a very long spine-like plate; then a prominence bearing a gland; then after an interval two very long, spine-like plates. The saccular glands along the margin, as in other species, are about twice as long as broad. Close to and parallel with the margin are seven transversely elongate pores, rod-like in form. Habitat. — Tokio, Japan, on orange. (Takahaski; Div. Ent. Dept. Agr. No. 6490.) Allied to C. braziliensis Sign.. 0. them Mask., and C. minor Mask., but scale much broader. C. minor, which it much resembles structurally, has a white scale. C. lotus is quite distinct, structurally, from C. eitri. Chionaspis bambusae n. sp. Female scale. — About 2£ mm. long, pyriform in outline; snow-white, with the exuviae pale straw color; second skin often tipped with orange. In all respects this scale so closely resembles C. vaceinii Bouche as to be practically indis- \ j tinguishable. From V w / the Ceylon C. gram inis \ • % •*v^\ Greeu MSS- foulul on <« * P~ Andropogon, it is at >-• ^ ^ v once distinguished by "'•to R$-. C, February 1, 18!)7. Sir: I have the honor to submit for publication, under the title aA Study in Insect Parasitism," an account of the principal factors which brought about the almost total disappearance of tussock-moth cater pillars on the shade trees in the city of Washington during' the summer of 1896, after an extremely injurious outbreak of this insect which took place during the summer of L895. The details of this study may be con- sidered in a degree typical of many sudden interruptions of the rapid multiplication of injurious species of insects. On account of the fact that the detailed consideration of the problem involves the close rec- ord of many details of little popular interest, as well as the description of a certain number of new species, it seems best that the paper should be published in the Technical Series of bulletins of this division. Respectfully, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Hon. .1. Sterling Morton, Secretdry of Agriculture. CONTENTS. Page. Introduction 5 List of primary parasites 7 A . Hymenoptera 7 B. Diptera 7 List of hyperparasites 7 List of probable parasites 8 List of scavengers 8 Pinipla inquisitor 8 Pinqda aimulipes 18 Pi in pin eonquisitor 18 Amorphota orgyiae 20 Meteorue communis 21 Metcorus hyphantriae 22 Linmeria valida 23 Linmeriasp 23 Theronia fulvescens 21 Apantcles dclicatus 21 Apanteles hyphantriae 21 Chnlcis ovata 25 Ptci omalus cuproideus 28 Cratotechus orgyiae 28 Ophion bilineatum 30 Ichneumon subcyaneus , 30 Ichneumon cceruleus 30 Teleuonms egg parasites reared from other species of Orgyia 30 Telenomus californicus 30 Telenomus orgyiae 30 Hemiteles townsendi 31 Bathythrixmeteori 31 Bathy thrix pimplae 31 Adiastola americana 32 Otacustes peiiliti 32 Allocota thyridopterigis ". 32 Pc/ omachus insolitus 33 Spilochalcis del >ilis 33 I Tabrocytus thyridopterigis 31 Dibrachys boucheanus 35 Syntomosphyrum esurus ' 38 Eupelmus limneriae 39 Eln chistus caccecia? 39 Elasmus atratus 40 Asecodes albitarsis 40 Frontina aletiaa 41 Frontina frenchii 42 Taehina mella 42 3 ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Euphorocera claripennis 43 Wintbemia quadripustulata 44 Exorista griseomicans 44 The scavenger dies 44 The other insects .' 46 General considerations 48 Table showing host relations of the hymenopterons parasites 52 Appendix — Descriptions of the new species: Amorphota orgyiae 53 Bathythrix meteori 53 Bathytlirix pimphe 54 Adiastola americana 54 Pezomachns insolitus 54 Apanteles delicatus 55 Pteromalus cuproideus 55 Enpelmns limneriaB 56 Elasmns atratns 56 Appended note 57 Fig. 1. Different stages of Pimpla inquisitor 9 2. Eggs, larva; and cocoons of Pinipln inquisitor 10 :;. .\ractical extermination by this bird of the canker- worms, which at that time were the principal insect enemies of our city shade trees. The removal of the cankerworms afforded room for the multiplication of the tussock moth, which, from the fact that its larva is hairy, was not eaten by the sparrows, and consequently multiplied with rapidity.1 Furthermore, the tussock moth must be considered as one of those species which are becoming attached to cities — which are slowly altering their habits and accommodating themselves to city environment. For many years the shade trees in more northern cities, and notably in Boston, New York, Brooklyn, and Philadelphia, have suffered severely from the attacks of this hairy caterpillar. Until recently, how- ever, the species has not been excessively abundant in the city of 'This supplanting of the one species by the other was also undoubtedly due in part to the driving away by the sparrows of the native birds which previously had fed upon the tussock-moth caterpillars. Le Conte has shown (Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., vol. 23, p. 44, 1874) that the larva of Unnomos subsignaria, a measuring worm which had been very injurious to the shade trees of Philadelphia, was replaced by the tussock-moth caterpillars through the sparrows eating the former and avoiding the latter^. 5 6 Washington. Its place in that city seems to have been taken largely by the fall wefrworm (larva of ffyphantria cunea Drury) and the bag- worm (larva of Thyridapteryx ephemerceformis Haworth). The tussock- moth larva*, however, have been moderately common year a iter year, but not until 1895 did they increase so as to attract general atten- tion. In 1895, however, Washington suffered from an extraordinary outbreak of this insect, as the writer has already pointed out in his article on •• The shade tree insect problem in the eastern United States,1' published in the Yearbook of the Department of Agriculture for 1895, pages 361-384. In this season the trees along many streets were com- pletely defoliated, and in the autumn they were plastered in the most unsightly way with their cocoons. In August, 1805, the writer commenced ;i careful investigation of the life history of the insect with the feeling that, although much had already been written upon the species, there was still more to be learned about it. As a matter of fact, new and important points in the life his- tory have been determined in the course of this study, but none of them are of so much interest as the facts relating to the extraordinary phenomena of parasitism, induced by the unprecented multiplication of the species. Many observations are recorded which show the prominent part which parasites take in the reduction of an insect which under favor- able conditions has exceeded its normal bounds in respect to numbers. Such constant struggles between species in the apparent effort to pre- serve a just balance are met with by every observer in the course of nearly every season's observations. The writer has, however, always desired an opportunity to study the exact details of such a struggle upon a large scale, and this opportunity was afforded in this instance. In Boston, New York, Brooklyn, and Philadelphia the tussock moth has not seemed to fluctuate seriously in point of numbers. It has been more or less injurious every season tor a number of years. In Wash- ington, however, in 18955 there was a rapid and enormous increase, and great fears of its continuance year after year were expressed by city authorities, by the newspapers, and by citizens interested in the beauti- ful shade trees of the city. By the time the third generation had made its appearance in September, 1895,] it was noticed that parasitic and predaceous insects were present in enormous numbers. The cocoons of the second generation were the rallying point of hordes of Ichneumon and Chalcis flies, while several species of predatory Heteroptera were present in great numbers. The trunks of nearly all of the large trees in the Government parks were sanguinary battlefields where the result- ing mortality was excessive. Prior to the beginning of these observations seven species of prob- able primary parasites of the tussock moth had been recorded. Fitch 'Observations of 1896 have shown without doubt that there are three annual gen- erations in Washington instead of two, as previously stated. (.See Bulletin No. 10, Division of Entomology, p. 33.) Lad described two as Triekogramma orgyicb and T. fraterna. The first of these, however, seems to be a Cratotechus which lias not since been reared, while the second is a hyperparasite of the genus Holcopelte. There is not the slightest evidence, however, that this second parasite ever attacks the tussock moth, since Fitch simply found it walking upon rose leaves in September, "where/' he says, "it was very probably searching for these same caterpillars in which to deposit its eggs.7' Riley reared Pimpla inquisitor, an undetermined Tachinid fly, a true egg parasite of the genus Telenomus. and two species of the genus Pteromalus, while he also obtained cocoons of a Microgaster from tus- sock-moth caterpillars, without, however, rearing the adult. The adult of what is x>robably this species was reared later by Prof. F. M.Webster and was described by Mr. Ashmead as Apanteles orgyitB (Bull. Ohio Exp. Sta,, Tech. Ser. I, p. 159). Dr. Weed records (Psyche, Y, 51) Pimpla conquisitor Say, Xorinal, 111.. July 14, 1883. Dr. Lintner is also said to have reared a species of Tetrastichus from this larva. This last species is undoubtedly hyperparasitic. and one if not both of the two species recorded as belonging to the genus Pteromalus are also probably hyperparasites. The close observations which were made upon abundant material beginning early in August, 1895, and carried through until the autumn of 1896, have resulted not only in vastly increasing this list, but in giv- ing us some definite ideas as to the habits of the species involved and as to their more or less intricate interrelations. „ The species reared are as follows: LIST OF PRIMARY PARASITES. A. — Hymenoptera. Pimpla inquisitor Say. Theronia fulvescens Brullo". Pimpla conquisitor Say. Apanteles delicatus n. sp. Pimpla annulipes Say. Apanteles liyphantrbr Riley. Amorphota orgyiae n. sp. Chalcis ovata Say. Meteorus communis Cresson. Pteromalus cuproideus n. sp. Meteorus hyphantrnp Riley. Cratotechus orgyiae Fitch. Limneria sp. Telenomus orgyiae Fitch. Limneria valida Cresson. . B. — Diptera. Frontina aletia' Riley. Euphorocera claripennia Maeq. Frontina frenchii Will. Exorista griSeomi».ans V. d. W. Tachina mella Walk. Winlhemia 4-pustulata Fab. LIST OF HYPERPARASITES. HjimevopUi a. Hemiteles townsendi Ashmead. Spiloehalcis debilis i Say). Bathythrix meteori n. sp. Eupelmus linineriae n. sp. Bathythrix pimpla- n. sp. Dibrachys boucbeanus (Ratz.). Adistola americana n. sp. Elachistus cacceocia? How. Otacustes periliti Asbm. Elasmus atratus n. sp. Habrocytus thyridopterigis Asbm. Syutomosphyrum esnrus ( i.'iley). Pezomacbus insolitus u. sp. Asecodes albitarsis Ashm. LIST OF PROBABLE PARASITES.1 Ichneumon subcyaneus Cresson. Ichneumon ccerulens Cresson. Allocota (Hemiteles) thyridopterigia Riley. LIST OF SCAVENGERS. (Roared from dead chrysalidsor cocoon masses. Diptera. FTelicobia helicis Towns. Limosina sp. Sarcophaga Bpp. 2. . Homalomyia Bcalaria Fab. Phora nigricepa Loew. Gaurax anchora Loew. Phora iucisuralis Loew. Neoglaphyroptera bivittata say. Phora fasciata Pall. Diplopia sp. Phora agaraci Lintner. In addition to the insects listed above, a species of Chrysopa was reared from the cocoon mass, the larva' of Anthrenus varius were found feeding upon the dead pupae and empty egg masses, and a mite of the genus Tyroglyphus was found to have the same habit. Other active agents in the further reduction of the numbers of the tussock-moth caterpillars were an undetermined disease upon which Mr. A. F. Woods, of the Division of Vegetable Pathology, has been at work, and the Heteroptera Podisus sphwsus, Euschistus scrvus, and Pri- onidus cristatus. The total number of primary parasites reared in the course of the observations was 2,122, of which L85 were Diptera and 1,937 Ilymen- optera. The secondary parasites numbered about 1,000, but this is an estimate, as no exact account was kept of the many specimens of the minute Dibrachys and Asecodes. The writer deems it advisable to give in some detail the observations made upon each of these species in order before drawing general conclusions, since the basis for such conclusions must be the knowledge of the habits of the individual species involved.2 Pimpla inquisitor Say. This important and widespread parasite of lepidopterous larvae occurs in California, Texas, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Ohio, Xew York, and the District of Columbia, and is probably to be found in all parts of the United States, except possibly in boreal regions. It is parasitic 'All observed closely investigating recently formed cocoons of the tussock moth and apparently about to oviposit. The third species is parasitic upon Pimpla. sThe observations upon which the following statements are based have largely been made by Mr. Pergande, the assistant in charge of the insectary. Messrs. Pratt and Busck have also helped, and Mr. Coquillett was for a short time in charge of the breeding experiments during Mr. Pergande's absence. The writer made certain field observations in the fall of 1895 and sammer of 1896, and carefully dissected and examined very many Orgyia cocoons during December, 1896. The dipterous para- sites have been named by Mr. Corpiillett. and Mr. Ashmead has assisted in the nam- ing of the Hymeuoptera. 9 upon a large number of lepidopterous larvae, feeding upon such Bomby- cids as Clisiocampa and Orgyia, upon certain Phycitids, Tortricids, and large-sized Tineids. It was by far the most abundant of the parasites reared, no less than 1,659 having issued in the course of our observations upon the parasites of Orgyid teueostigina. Observations were first began on August 31, 1895, at which time five eggs were noticed upon a larva which had span its cocoon and ha/1 died without transforming to pupa. Two similar eggs were found upon another caterpillar under like conditions.. A few days later many more were found. They were generally attached to the dorsal portion of the abdominal segments of the caterpillar and usually at the juncture of two segments and always set up on end, attached by the small end. They were not firmly attached and were occasionally rubbed off by the contortions of the larva, being retained, however, by the silken threads of the cocoon. Fig. l.-J'iinpla inquisitor : a, full-grown summer larva: b, hibernating larva; c, mouth-parts of larva; (/. adult female; e, abdomen of adult male from side — all enlarged, c greatly enlarged (original). These eggs are much elongated, somewhat wider at one end than at the other, pure white in color, and perfectly smooth, appearing highly polished. The average length is 0.98 mm. and the greatest width 0.18 mm. The duration of the egg state must be very short and proba- bly a matter of but a few hours. After hatching, the larva? were found to feed externally upon the body of the caterpillar, the mouth parts closely applied to the skin, and, in fact, obviously sucking blood through a minute orifice. Their growth was rapid and there was no perceptible exuviation. The seven eggs found on August 31 had hatched the following day and by September 3 the larva? appeared to be nearly full grown. When full grown, the largest larva? are 9.5 mm. in length by 3.2 mm. in greatest diameter, fusiform in shape, and slightly curved in normal position. The color is yellowish white, some specimens taking on a pinkish tinge, and there are no markings. The 10 spiracles are very minute. There is no anal opening, but its position is indicated .by a short curved transverse impression just ventro- cephalad of the anal extremity. The mouth parts are so well shown at fig. le as to need no •description. The form and general appearance of the full-grown larva are also shown at fig. la-. On September 0 these larva' were found to be spinning their cocoons. These cocoons, at first white and afterwards turning gradually to a pale yellow-brown, becoming much the same color as the cocoon of the Orgyia, are denser in structure and composed of a considerably finer quality of silk. They are long oval in shape, the longest reaching a length of HI mm. by 4 mm. in diameter. The cocoons spun by the larva* issuing from a single caterpillar are closely applied together and adhere so firmly that it takes some little force to separate them. They e a b Flo. 2. — Pimpla inquisitor: a, shrunken tussock moth caterpillar bearing parasite eggs in vita; b. egg; c. eggs in situ .■ '/. larvae, full grown, feeding on spun-up caterpillar; <\ cocoons of parasite within Orgyia cocoon — a, d,e slightly enlarged, c still more enlarged, b greatly enlarged (author's illustration, from Yearbook, Dipt. A.gric, 1805). are applied side by side and so closely that their oval outline becomes more or less angular at the points of application. The fastening together is not exactly regular, since one or more cocoons will frequently extend farther out than the others. Twenty-four hours after the spinning of the cocoon the larva' were still found unchanged, but at forty-eight hours, or on September 8, they changed to pupae. All of the adults issued together on September 14, leaving fifteen days as the duration of the life round, as follows: llgg, one day; larva before spinning cocoon, seven days; larva after spinning cocoon, one day; pupa, six days — total, fifteen days. This rapidity of development is somewhat surprising. The writer has recorded a much greater rapidity with certain Chalcidids, but is not familiar with any record of a similarly rapid development with an 11 Ichneumonid. Ratzeburg (Die Iehneumonen der Forstinsecten, p. 14, Baud 1 ) states that the shortest life round of any of the parasitic Hymen- optera known to him is that of Pimpla fulvipes, from July 15 or 16 to August 5 — twenty or twenty-one days. In this instance the host was Lithosm quadra, a sptm-up larva of which was found July 16 bearing eight small white Ichneumonid egg^. On the 17th the eggs had hatched: on the 19th the larvse had become quite large: on the 20th they had begun to spin: on the I'M they had inclosed themselves in small white cocoons; on the 25th they had transformed to pupae; on August 3 the colors of the adult were noticeable, and on the 5th the first adult issued. Adult females of Pimpla inquisitor were watched man}' times when searching for caterpillars of the proper condition for oviposition. On September 10 five individuals were observed to oviposit in tussock- moth caterpillars. The first one stung a larva which was just spinning up. The Pimpla ran up to the posterior end of the cocoon, stood for a moment with antenna? vibrating on the cocoon as though to ascertain the exact con- dition of affairs, then suddenly ran a short distance forward, bringing its ovipositor into a somewhat forward- directed position, and quickly inserted it through the silk and into the body of the caterpillar, which at once com- menced to struggle violently. The wast) was not disturbed and remained in position for some minutes. The cater- pillar was then examined and it was found that a Tachinid egg had already been deposited upon it between the second and third thoracic segments. It was placed aside to endeavor to rear the parasite, but the attempt was not successful and nothing was bred from it. A second and third one were observed to act in the same manner, the operation in each case lasting about two minutes. No adult parasites were bred in either ca0. It sometimes happens that a larva is stung when just on the point of transforming, and in such a case the transformation to pupa is occa- sionally accomplished. The recently formed pupa is also occasionally stung, as has just been shown. Contrary to the general rule holding when caterpillars are eaten out by the Pimpla larva*, they seem to feed within such pupa1, and eventually to spin their cocoons within the Orgyia pupa skin. Several times in December, 1896, apparently perfect female pupae of the Orgyia were found within their cocoons, with a closely applied layer of four or five Pimpla cocoons and a single break in the 13 pupa skin from which the end of another Pimpla cocoon slightly extruded. In all such cases the removal of the perfect pupa skin showed its con- tents to be a very closely packed mass of Pimpla cocoons. In one case of this kind the pupa skin was found to contain six large female cocoous of the Pimpla and one larva which had died while engaged in spinning and had only succeeded in spinning a thin web, while attached to the outside of the pupa skin were four large perfect Pimpla cocoons. With this species, as with so many other parasitic Hymenoptera, and indeed as with so many other insects in general, there was a marked priority in the issuing of the males. The proportions of the sexes were carefully noted among those issuing in March. 1890, with the following rather striking results: March 3 2 A March 17 2 A 1 A 2 A 6 A 11 $ 9 A 18 A 7 3 1 5 8 A 1 9 1 A 18. 19 20. 21 23 24 26 1 A x 9 0 A 3 9 9 A 14 9 1 A 20 9 1 A 5 9 2 A 99 1 A 1 9 8 A 6 9 1 i 1 9 The pair issuing March U7 were placed in the same vial and watched. They at once copulated and repeated the act seventeen times during the first ten minutes and six times during the next ten minutes. They then rested for a time. During the next hour, however, they copulated live times and during the succeeding two hours six times. On March 28 both were still alive, but on the 30th both were dead. It is worthy of remark that these spring individuals from overwinter- ing cocoons are smaller in size than those which issued the previous September. It happened on several occasions that the adult Pimpla was observed to oviposit in tussock-moth caterpillars which were already infested with Tachinid larvae. Several such caterpillars were isolated for obser- vation, and in every case but one there was no development to maturity of either the dipterous or the hymenopterous parasite. In one case, however, an adult of the Tachinid Euplwrocera chiripennis issued from such a caterpillar. The probabilities are that its larva was already well grown when its host was stung by the Pimpla and that the larvae of the latter failed to find sufficient nourishment for development. Such instances would seem to show that the maternal instinct is not so prescient as has been supposed, and that all the preliminary investi- gation of the host insect by the mother parasite and all the apparently anxious soundings and tappings Avith her antennae, while appearing to satisfy her that everything is all right, do not always result in the depositing of the eggs under just the proper conditions. It is alto- gether likely that other parasitic Hymenoptera occasionally, and per- haps frequently, make similar mistakes, and that many parasites suffer 14 from this rivalry based upon erroneous instinct, as well as from the attacks of hyperparasites. Such mistakes are of course much more likely to occur during such times of extraordinary multiplication than when the species are normally abundant. During the entire series of observations careful records were kept of all specimens of Pimpla reared. The following table indicates numbers and date- : Date Num- ber. 5 15 12 6 9 12 22 55 96 90 76 25 20 7 4 5 I 4 3 12 7 5 8 Date. Num- ber. 6 5 :s •> 1 1 1 •j 1 2 6 11 9 18 8 9 19 14 Date. Num- ber. Dat( , Num- ber. 1895. Sept 12 Oct. Nov Dec. Jan. Mar 1895. 9 11 12 15 1896. Mar. 19 20 21 23 24 26 27 30 31 Apr. 1 2 &'. '.'....'.'.'. e 21 6 11 2 14 2 7 ."> 1 3 2 3 1 1 I 4 8 1 5 19 1S9G. Julv 9 10 11 13 14 2 L3 23 14 Hi 22 224 17 t; 9 14 19 G 50 18 1"). .. 82 19 1G. .. 100 20 17 60 21 18 60 23 1896 !) 20 100 24 21 22 2i.'.'.'.Y.'.V. 24 25 50 :t 50 26 •>7 4 20 12 28 !• 10 11 13 14 L6 10 10 11 13 14 16 17 18 4 1 :; 1 4 10 26 Total 2 1- 20 21 1 1 , 059 . It will be observed that the periods of greatesl abundance were from September 12 to 26, 1895 j from March 9 to 26, 1896; from April 10 to 20, L896, and from July 10 to 25, 1890. The percentage of parasitism by this species was indicated rather plainly by four series of experiments. From 100 cocoons collected September 10, 1895, there issued 38 adults; from about 500 cocoons collected August 23, there issued 300 specimens ; from about 300 cocoons collected August 21, there issued 172; from G04 cocoons collected between June 30 and July 8, 189G, there issued 729. We have not previously stated defi- nitely the number of specimens of the parasites nourished by a single Orgyia. The number in summer varies froml to 10, with perhaps an average of 3 or 4. This number refers to the large well nourished larva', mainly females. In the late autumn more are found. Ten to fifteen Pimpla cocoons in a single Orgyia cocoon are not at all unusual at this time of the year, while from a single Orgyia cocoon collected by Mr. l>usck in September, 1896, were reared no less than 23 Pimplas, all of which were males. This i>articu- lar Pimpla cocoon mass was cross-sectioned, and is illustrated at fig. 4c. ..." Fig. 4. — "Pimpla inquisitor: a, mass of male cocoons: ft, do., cross-sectioned; c, cross section of Largest cocoon mass found: iloch((lcLs debilis, the hy- perparasite mentioned in connection with the Amor- phota, is also the most im- portant enemy of this species. Meteorus hyphantriae liiley. Asingle specimen of this common parasite of ////- phantria cunea, described by liiley in Bulletin No. 10 of this Division, was reared September 23, 1895, from Orgyia leucostigma. The cocoon of this species is somewhat larger and of a darker brown than that of Meteorus communis,, and it hangs suspended by a long strand of silk, as is well shown in fig. 24, Bulletin 10, here reproduced. In 188G, the great web- worm year in the District of Columbia, this species was very abundant. Accordingto observations made that year, ten days elapsed between the completion of the cocoon and the emergence of the adult, and it was found that a majority of the adults had issued by November 1, making it probable that the insect hibernates in the adult condition. With this speciesin 1886, as with the .1/. communism 1895, secondary parasitism was very marked. Out of 450 cocoons of the Meteorus placed in a glass jar the latter part of September only 70 adults issued, the remainder giving Via. 9 — Meteoruu hyphantriae: a, adult female from >iil< bx empty cocoon showing cap — enlarged (from Bull. 10, Div. Entom.TJ. S. Dipt. Agr.). 23 out secondary parasites. Thus ouly 10 per cent of the cocoons pro- duced the species which made them, while 84 per cent were parasitized. Mr. Slingerland has recently reared this species in New York from Xylina laticinerea, and it is probably or may become a general parasite of free living lepidopterous larva\ Limneria valida Cresson. This species, which is also a parasite of Hyphantria ciinea, was one of the unimportant primary parasites of the Orgyia. It was not reared in 1895, but made its appearance among the rearings of July, 1896. It issued from collected cocoons of the Orgyia, and but three adults were reared, all issuing July 17, 1890. This apparent scarceness of the species was only apparent, however, for many of its empty cocoons were found among the cocoon masses of the Orgyia the following December. The co- coon is rather long ellipsoidal, averaging 7.5 mm. in length by 2.8 mm. in greatest diameter. It is com- posed of two distinct coverings, the outer one of weak, close- spun, crinkly, gray or gr ay i sh - b ro w n silk, readily peeling off in a sheet, and the inner one close, tough, parchment-like, dark brown in color, with golden reflections, of the type common among the Ophiouime. The adult issues from a round hole without a cap, gnawed almost precisely at one end, and, judging from the evidence at hand, hibernates as an imago. At all events, of the many cocoons examined December 11 to 17, 1896, all were empty. All of the cocoons found at this date were associated with spun-up larva? of the Orgyia, and none with the pupa? of this insect. In one instance a single Orgyia cocoon contained three of Pinipla inquisitor, all empty, and one cocoon of this Limneria, from which a hyper parasite had evidently emerged. Limneria sp. An allied and congeneric species issued in a single specimen on July 16, 1896. Its abdomen was unfortunately broken off, and the specimen was otherwise damaged to such an extent as to render it of uncertain specific position. Fig. 10. -Limneria valida : Female from side, with empty cocoon at right, and male abdomen above— enlarged (original). 24 Theronia fulvescens Brulle. A single male of this species issued from a mass of Orgyia cocoons on July 24, 1890. It is a species which was originally described from Colorado, but which is more or less common in the Eastern States. It has not previously been associated with its host, so far as we know. Apanteles delicatus n. sp.1 The small white cocoons of this species, occurring singly, attached to the bark of trees over which Orgyia larvae were crawling, were reason- ably abundant in September, 1895, and in the autumn of 180G. This species again was greatly hindered in its beneficial work by the abun- dance of secondary parasites, so much so that but four specimens of the adult have been reared. These specimens hibernated within their cocoons and issued in March and April, 1896, from cocoons collected September 9 and 10, 1895. From other cocoons col- lected at the same time issued specimens of Dibrqwhys bouchea- tuts and Spilochaleis debilis, A number of these cocoons were collected and opened December 1 1, 1896, for the purpose of as- certaining whether the parasite hibernates within its cocoon as larva or as pupa, but all, with a single exception, instead of the original constructor of the co- coon, contained hyperparasites. Of these the most abundant was Elasmus atratus, which seems to be a very destructive enemy of this species. From two to four of its pupae were found in nearly every Apanteles cocoon examined. In one, how- ever, were two larva- of Dibrachys boucKeanus, and the single exception referred to contained a dead adult of the Apanteles. On September 10, 1895, the writer saw a nymph of Podistts spinosus trying to penetrate a cocoon of the Apanteles with its beak; but, although watched for some minutes, it was unsuccessful, and crawled away in search of some easier prey. Apanteles hyphantriae Riley. This species, which is an extremely common and important parasite of Hyphantria cunea, was mentioned in Bulletin Xo. 10 of this division, pages 53, 54. It made its appearance early in the season of 188G, and attacked only half-grown caterpillars of the web worm. During the Pig. 11. -A pant' leg cL Meatus: Adult male, with empty cocoon below— enlarged (original). Described in the appendix, page 55. 25 autumn its cocoons were found to contain, in the main, secondary para- sites. When affecting Hyphantria, the white silken cocoon is formed almost under the middle of the half-grown caterpillar, and is fastened securely to the object its host happens to rest upon and slightly to the host itself, which is, however, readily carried to the ground by wind and rain, and can therefore only be found in position in the more shel- tered places, such as cracks in the bark of trees. But one Apanteles is found in a caterpillar, so that each white cocoon indicates the death of a victim. The cocoon of this species is readily distinguished from that of the foregoing species by its denser consistency, its apparently tougher silk, and greater opacity. The cocoon of Apanteles delicatiis is, moreover, more firmly attached to the bark of the tree upon which the host insect has been feeding and by a greater number of attaching threads, as shown in fig. 11. In the summer of 1895, as will be noted later, the larvae of the fall webworm were frequently found (usually in the half-grown condi- tion) wandering about the trunks of trees affected by the Orgyia, this peculiar condition of affairs resulting mainly from the destruction of the food supply by the very unusual numbers of tussock-moth caterpillars. Apanteles hyphantrice was very abundant, and a large proportion of these wandering, unprotected half-grown webworms were stung by this species. It happened in a number of cases that tussock-moth cater- pillars of a corresponding stage of growth were also stung, and it can definitely be said that this Apanteles, while apparently preferring the webworm, is also a true primary parasite on occasion of the tussock- moth caterpillar. Its habits when attacking this latter host are similar to those just described. Its cocoons were abundant upon the tree trunks during the winter of 1890-97, and examination showed that they were almost without exception infested by hyperparasites. Among these were recognized Elasmus atratus (by far the most abundant), Dibrarftys bouclieanus, and Spilochalcis debilis. Aseeodes albitarsus was also in one case reared from a cocoon which had been infested by Dibravhys boucheanus, Chalcis ovata Say. This widespread species, which is found all over the United States and Canada, and which also extends into the West Indies, is a very general parasite of Lepidoptera, issuing as a rule from their pupre. The writer in 1835 (Bulletin Xo. 5, Division of Entomology) recorded it as having been reared from pupa* of Thyridopteryx ephemercvformis, Apatura clyton, Aletia argillacea^ Desmia maculalis, Caccecia rosaceana, Gelechia gallw-solidaginis, and Botis alnialis. It is rarely parasitic on the fall webworrn (Hyphantria cunea), but is the most important of the primary parasites of the tnssock-moth caterpillar next to Pimpla inquisitor. It was first observed ovipositing in the tussock-moth cocoons on Sep- tember 7, 1895, when the writer observed it in some numbers flying 26 about the trees defoliated by the caterpillars of this insect. A female of the Chalcis was watched while engaged in ovipositing in a fresh chrysalis. She new around the trunk of the tree, examining one cocoon after another, perhaps six in all, until she found a male cocoon contain- ing a freshly transformed pupa. This cocoon she felt over from one end to the other, her antenna1 constantly vibrating. Finally she inserted her ovipositor, withdrawing it after a few seconds, then inserted it again and again a third time. At the fourth insertion she apparently penetrated to the right spot, for she forced her ovipositor through the silk, hugging the cocoon close and pushing her abdomen as close as possible to the pupa. In this position she remained two and a half minutes, finally withdrawing her ovipositor, walking to the upper end of the cocoon and remaining for a minute or two actively cleaning her legs and antenna?, rubbing them against each other for sometime, after which she was cap- tured. The pupa which had been stung was placed in a vial, and from it on September 14 there issued a healthy male moth. We can not sur- mise the cause of failure of this ap- parently success- ful oviposition on the part of the par- asite. On Septem- ber 10 another Fig. 12.— Chalcis orata : a, pupa; b, parasitized pupa of Orgyia ; c, adult; specimen was ob- d, outline of same from aide; e, pupal exuvium— enlarged (original). served ovipositing in a pupa which was evidently several days old and which bore signs of having been previously parasitized. This second pupa was preserved, but did not give out an adult parasite. It died and dried up. Another specimen was observed ovipositiug in a shrunken larva which bore a Tachiuid egg on the dorsum of the sixth abdominal segment. The movements of a large dipterous larva could be seen through the skin of the caterpillar. This specimen also was placed in a vial, but eventually dried up and no parasite issued. The two adult specimens observed ovipositing on the 10th were placed in vials with cotton stoppers and on the 11th were still alive and active. They were removed to differ- ent tubes and provided with pupa? of the tussock moth in an advanced state of development. One of them oviposited in the same pupa twice and the other once. On the following day (September 12) both died. On the 13th the moth issued from one of the pupa? oviposited in on the 27 llth, the egg of the parasite having been laid too late to interfere with the development of the adult Orgyia, or perhaps the already greatly toughened skin- of the pupa was not penetrated by the ovipositor of the Chalcis. Owing to the failure to rear parasites from pupa? or larva? in which the adults were observed to oviposit, the length of the life round can only be surmised. It is unquestionably, however, very short. The tussock-moth caterpillars were transforming to pupa? rather rapidly at the end of the first week in September, and, as just noticed, the Chalcis flies were abundant at this time, and were actively engaged in ovipositing The first adult of the parasite was reared on September 17 from a discolored pupa found September 13. The second one issued on the 18th from a discolored pupa taken on the 17th, and the third on the 19th from a pupa taken on the 4th. The longest period under observa- tion in the fall of 1895 occurred in the case of certain cocoons taken on August 23, from which the majority of the Chalcis flies issued from the 19th to the 25th September, and from which a very few belated indi- viduals issued as late as October 19. The probabilities are that at this time of the year the entire life round of the parasite occupies on an average from three to four weeks. A little later it is naturally length- ened. From the mass of cocoons taken September 10 the last Chalcis issued October 4. In issuing from the Orgyia pupa this Chalcis invariably gnaws a hole through the dorsum of the first and second thoracic segments. This hole is usually a little to one side of the median line. It is an easy matter to recognize the Orgyia pnpae which have been parasitized by this species. Not only is the large round hole near the head of the pupa characteristic of Chalcis ovata — that is to say, char- acteristic among the parasites of the tussock moth — but if the chrysa- lis be broken open the pupal exuvium of the Chalcis will always be found, and this is in itself so characteristic as to be recognized at a glance. The sheaths of the large hind femora and those of the corre- sponding tibia1 and tarsi projecting straight out at nearly right angles from the femora distinguish this exuvium from that of any of the other parasites. It is well shown at fig. 12 e. Very many of these para- sitized pupa? of the Orgyia were examined. Never more than a single pupal exuvium of the Chalcis was found. If more than a single speci- men develops in a single Orgyia pupa, it has not been observed. This is rather strange, for it is seldom that the entire contents of the body of the pupa are devoured by this parasite, and in many female pupa? from which an adult Chalcis had emerged fully one half of the eggs were undisturbed and sound. No instances have been recorded in which this insect seemed to be hyperparasitic, but there was in the collection a swollen larval skin of an Orgyia caterpillar apparently parasitized by some other insect, from which had issued from the anterior ventral segment a specimen of this Chalcis, according to the label. The specimen was carefully dissected 28 and was found to contain a dipterous puparium about the size of that of Exorista griseomicans, and from a hole in its anterior end some insect had emerged.' No trace of the pupa skin of the Ohalcis could be found, however, and I am of the opinion that the label was incorrect. In all, 200 specimens of Chalets ocatavrere reared, and dates of issu- ance will appear from the following- table: Date. Num- ber. Date. ber. ' '" • ber. Dale. Num- ber. 1895. Sept. 17 3 3 14 14 22 39 18 •24 18 1895. Sept 30 . .. 1895. o.t 17 1896. July 20 2 18 Oct. 1 2 I 1 :{ l :{ 1 1 1 19 * 21... 7 19 •J6 . . . 1 1 1 :t 4 8 3 3 23.. 7 20 .. 3 1896. Julvll 13 24 3 21 4 7 25... 7 23 27.. 5 24 .. 8 . 14. 28 8 25 9 11 15... 29... 5 26 16 30. . 2 27 15 ... Total 28 16 :J 18 260 It will be observed from this table that no rearings were made in the spring of 1896 from cocoons taken the previous fall or from cocoons taken in the early spring. From this fact it seems reasonably certain that this insect hibernates in the adult condition. We have no positive evidence that it possesses secondary parasites, but specimens of TXbrachya boucheanus have been reared from pupa1 of the Orgyia, the first inhabitant of which we do not know, but it may very well have been this species. Pteromalus cuproideus n. sp.1 On October 5, 1895, two specimens of this parasite were reared from the 100 Orgyia cocoons collected September 10 to ascertain the per- centage of parasitism. All of the species belonging to the section of the genus Pteromalus, to which this belongs, are primary parasites on lepidopterous larva1, and we may therefore safely consider that this species is a primary parasite of the larva of the tussock moth. Cratotechus orgyiae (Fitch). The adult of this insect has been reared only by Dr. Fitch. In his Second Report on the Noxious, Beneficial, and Other Insects of the State of Xew York (separate edition, p. 216, 1850) he gives the follow- ing account of this insect: I once gathered two of these caterpillars, which I placed, with some leaves, in a box. Two days afterwards one of them was found to he dead, and the other, being lively and vigorous, was removed to another box. Next day what appeared to be the ends oi little worms were seen protruding from the body of the dead caterpillar. Upon the following day these worms were found to be seventeen in number. They had all left the dead carcass of the caterpillar, and just above it on the side of the box Described in the appendix, page 55. 29 they had arranged themselves in a circular row and had changed to pupse of a milk- white color, 0.12 [inch] long and half as broad, hanging by their tails, with their heads downward and their backs against the side of the box. This was upon the last day of July. Next day they had changed to a pale red color and had somewhat shriveled, each having discharged a little cluster of clay-yellow grains, which were adhering to the side of the box at the tip of their bodies. They subsequently altered to a black color, and on the 6th of August they hatched the winged insects, which were of a brilliant brassy-green color, with a blackish-purple abdomen and white legs, and about the same size as the pupae. Both Dr. Fitch's account of the method of transformation and an examination of the fragmentary specimens still remaining in his collec- tion, now in the possession of the United States National Museum, indicate that this parasite belongs to the genus Cratotechus. Fig. 13.— Cratotechus orgyice : Pupae in sitv below, with greatly enlarged pupa above (original). In December, 1896, a few specimens of the pupae of a Cratotechus or some closely allied Eulophine genus were found among the cocoons of an Orgyia, and we assume that they belong to this species. Efforts to rear the adult, however, have failed up to the time of writing since all, or nearly all, had been stung by a hyperparasite— Elachistus cacce- cia\ A group of seven of these pupae attached to a leaf about the shriveled remains of a half-grown Hyphantria larva is shown at fig. 13, while one of the pupa3 enlarged is illustrated in the same figure. These exposed pup* of Cratotechus are frequently in other instances parasitized by species of Tetrastichus, and it is possible that the species of this genus reared by Dr. Liutner has for its true host Cratotechus orgyice. 30 Ophion bilineatum Say. This species is mentioned in this connection with, unfortunately, no certainty as to whether it is a parasite of the Orgyia or not. The reason for introducing it is simply that in December, 189G, a single specimen of its easily recognizable cocoon was found in a mass of the Orgyia cocoons and apparently inclosed in the outer envelope of one. The cocoon was opened, but the adult had issued at some previous time. On the whole, it is not likely that it was a parasite of the tussock-moth caterpillar. Ordinarily this species is reared from larger Bombycids, such as the Arctians and Saturnians, and it is quite likely that the larva making this cocoon had issued from a larva of one of these groups, had spun its cocoon upon the bark of the tree where it was subsequently found, and had afterwards been spun over by the Orgyia larva' in making their own cocoons. Ichneumon subcyaneus Cresson. This species was observed in September investigating full-grown Larvae and recently spun cocoons of the Orgyia. The writer watched several specimens, and has little doubt that it may be put down as a parasite of this species, although no specimens were actually reared. It is a widespread species recorded from Canada and generally through- out the United States, and is said to have been reared from several Bombycids, as well as from Xematus ventralis. Ichneumon cceruleus Cresson. The same statement may be made regarding this species. It was observed in September, 1895, under exactly similar circumstances, and has practically the same distribution, but has been reared only from pupa' of Bombycids. TELENOMUS EGG PARASITES REARED FROM OTHER SPECIES OF ORGYIA. Telenomus californicus Ashmead. — There are four female specimens of this genus in the collection of the United States National Museum, which were reared by Mr. Fhrhorn from an egg mass of a species of Orgyia at Mountain View, Cal. Telenomus orgyice Fitch. — This minute egg parasite issues from the egg mass of the closely allied Orgyia nova. With this insect the eggs are left naked and not covered with the white, frothy substance with which the female of 0. leucostigma covers and hides her eggs. It may result from this fact that this parasite will not be reared from the egg mass of the species of Orgyia under consideration. It has been reared from the eggs of a species of Orgyia at Ottawa, Canada, by Mr. W. H. Harrington, as well as by Dr. Fitch in New York. The species referred 31 to on page 34, second edition Bulletin No. 10 of this division, is probably T. orgyice, but we are unable to substantiate the statement that it has been reared from eggs of 0. leucostigma. Hemiteles townsendi Ashmead. With the consideration of this species we begin the hyperparasites, leaving the primary dipterous parasites to be considered after all of the Hymenoptera have been treated. So far as known, all of the spe- cies of Hemiteles, as well as of at least most of the genera into which it was subdivided by Foerster, are hyperparasites. They are reared from all sorts of lepidopterous larvie and pupa-, from dipterous puparia, from oak galls, and from spider cocoons, but in every case, so far as the published records go, where the exact host relationships have been determined, they have been found to be hyper parasitic. There is a species, however, at Washington which is very deceptive in this regard. It issues from the egg cocoons of certain spiders, and a close examina- tion of the cocoons from which it issues fails to show even the frag- mentary remains of a primary parasite. In the case of the present species (Hemiteles to/cnsendi) no such diffi- culty exists. The type specimen was collected in Michigan by Mr. TowDsend, and in December, 1889, another specimen was reared from the puparium of a dipterous insect at Washington. There have been four specimens reared from the cocoons of the tussock moth. All four issued in early November, 1895, and it is practically safe to say that they came from contained puparia of one of the Tachinid parasites of this insect. Of the four specimens, three are females and one is male. Bathythrix meteori n. sp.1 A number of specimens of a very distinct Hemiteline were reared during 1896. The first specimen issued March 5 from a cocoon of Meteor us communis, collected in December, 1895. All of the others, thirteen in number, issued between July 21 and August 5, 1896, from the mass of 624 cocoons of the Orgyia collected between June 30 and July 8, 1896. It is worthy of remark that not a single specimen of the Meteorus was reared from this lot of cocoons. Of the thirteen specimens, eight were females and five males. Bathythrix pimplae n. sp.2 Four specimens of this insect were reared August 29, September 18, 28, and 30, 1895, from masses of cocoons of the Orgyia under observa- tion in the rearing cages. Its exact host relationships are not known, but it is probably a parasite of Pimpla inquisitor. 1 Described in the appendix, page 53. 2 Described in the appendix, page 54. 32 Adiastola americana n. sp.1 Three specimens of this species, two females and one male, were reared November 6, 1805, from cocoon masses of Orgyia under observa- tion. This species also is likely to be a parasite of Pimpla inquisitor. Otacustes periliti Ashm. A single specimen of this spe- cies issued from a cocoon of Mete- orus comm un is March 5, 1896, the Meteorns haying] >re viously par - asitized an Orgyia larva. This species was reared from the same host at Washington in 1882, but lias not since been found. - Allocota thyridopterigis ( Kiley). A single specimen of this in- sect, which is commonly reared from the bags of the bagworm and which was firsl described by Kiley as a parasite of this species, was seen crawling rapidly over the trunk of a poplar tree in Septem- ber, 1895, investigating Orgyia cocoons. It was doubtless attracted by Pig. 14. — Bathythrix pimpla : Female— enlarged (origi nali. Fig. 15.— Otacustes periliti: Female, dorsal view, at right; same, ovipositing in Meteorus cocoon, at left— enlarged (original; the latter from field sketch by Pergande). the abundance of Pimplas, and as Kiley has shown that it is a hyperpara- site of Pimpla conquisitor, we may safely put it down as a secondary parasite in the case of Orgyia leucostigma, the more especially as no 'Described in the appendix, page n4. 33 specimens of the bagworm were noticed in the vicinity. That this species should be attracted to the Piinpla only when contained within the bags of the bagworm would be somewhat of an anomaly. Pezomachus insolitus n. sp.1 The species of the genus Pezomachus may or may not be hyper- parasites. The genus somewhat resembles Hemiteles, and there have been published statements to the effect that the two genera are identical, the one comprising the one sex and the other the other sex. These statements, however, are due to a faulty appreciation of the generic characters and to the fact that species of each genus are often reared from the same host, notably from the egg cocoons of spiders. So close an observer as Foerster, as a matter of fact, placed the two genera in Fio. 16. — Spilochalcis debilis : a, adult; 6, antenna of same; c, Meteorus cocoon, and d, Amorphota cocoon from which this species has issued — enlarged (original). different families, the one being the type of the Hemiteloidre and the other of the Pezomachoidse. Three male specimens of the species under consideration were reared November 9 and 19, 1895, from the cocoon mass of the Orygia. Spilochalcis debilis (Say). This beautiful little species, which is recorded by Oresson from Del- aware, Indiana, and Illinois, and is also known to the writer to occur in North Carolina and Long Island, New York, has frequently been reared in the course of these investigations. There can be little doubt that some of the species of Spilochalcis are primary parasites of Lepidoptera. Others are with equal certainty hyperparasites. For example, Walsh's Smicra albifrons, which belongs to this genus, is with little doubt a tertiary parasite, since it issues from a Pezomachus which is parasitic upon a Microgaster which destroys the army worm (larva of Leueania unipuncta). lDescribed in the appendix, page 54. 11859— No. 5 3 34 The present species is a very important hyperparasite. It was exten- sively reared at this office in 188G from the cocoons of Meteorus hyphan- trice and is the species referred to as Spilochalois sp. on page 57 of the second edition of Bulletin Xo. 10 of this Division. During the observations upon Orgyia parasites in 1895-96 it was reared from the cocoons of Amorphota orgyice, of Meteorus com munis and M. hyphantrice, and of the two species of Apanteles just considered. Moreover, empty cocoons of Limneria valida have been found pierced by holes of about the size of the exit holes made by this species, so that it is very possibly a parasite of this species also. There is a further possibility that it may parasitize Pimpla inquisitor, although I have no definite proof. The cocoons of the Meteorus from which this insect has issued may readily be distinguished from those cocoons from which the Meteorus itself has issued by the fact that the Spilochalcis makes a round hole before the tip and does not cut off the circular hinged cap which is characteristic of the issuing hole of the Meteorus. This appearance is well indicated upon fig. K>. With a lesser degree of certainty, the same distinction may be made with regard to the cocoons of the Amorphota. Here the issuing hole of the true maker of the cocoon is not only con- siderably larger than that of the Spilochalcis parasite, but it is usually made nearer to the exact end of the cocoon than is that of the parasite. The same may be said of the Apanteles cocoons. It is noticeable that the specimens which issue from the Amorphota cocoons are somewhat larger than those from the Meteorus cocoons, while those from the Apanteles cocoons are still smaller. No observations have been made upon the early stages of this species. The total number of specimens reared is twenty. Fifteen of them issued between September 3 and October 5, L895j one January 4, 1896, and the others April 20 and 22, 1896. Those issuing in the autumn consisted of both males and females, while those issuing in April were ;ill males, were darker in color, and all came from the cocoons of the Apanteles. These facts suggest a dual hibernation, either as adults or as larvae or pupae within the cocoons of the host insect, but it is worthy of remark that no specimens of this insect in any stage were found during the extensive examinations made the middle of December. 181)0. Habrocytus thyridopterigis Ash mead. This Pteromalid is rather commonly reared from the bags of the bag- worm, in which the writer has assumed it to be a tertiary parasite, hav- ing for its host Riley's Hemiteles thyridopterigis, which in its turn is in all probability parasitic upon Pimpla conquisitor, so often found in the bags.1 Eight specimens only of this species have been reared in the 1 An observation is recorded in Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, I, 28, showing that a Chalcidid larva feeds in the bags on the larva of the Hemiteles. This chalcidid is with little doubt Habrocytus thyridopterigis. 35 course of the Orgyia observations, and all practically between April 16 and May 18, 1896, in the jars containing cocoons of the tussock moth collected in March and early April. Of the eight specimens, four were males and four females. The probabilities are this species overwinters within the cocoon of its host. What its true host £ may be we can only sur- mise. It is probably one of the Hemitelines parasitic ^>**5i*'n^ v i^ i J? ^arasite was first reared from the cotton worm of the South (Aletia <(rrgyia cocoon was opened which contained a chrysalis upon which a dipterous larva was apparently feeding externally. This maggot con- tracted into a puparium, and a tiy of this species issued on September 23. On September 13 a full grown tussock-moth caterpillar was found which had a sick appearance and a pale-colored head. On September 18 a full-grown Tachinid larva issued from it and contracted, and the fly issued September 30. The total number of specimens of this insect reared was forty-live. They issued quite regularly through Septem- ber; two specimens appeared in October, one in January, two in Feb- ruary, and the remainder between the 14th and 27th of July, 1806. During the examination of Orgyia cocoons in the winter of 1890 no specimens of this insect were found in any stages. In all probability it hibernates as an imago. Frontina frenchii Will. This species is very widespread, occurring from Massachusetts to California, and has been reared from no less than twenty-two different species of Lepidoptera, including Bombycids, Noctuids, and llhopalo- cera (Papilio turnus and Pyramcis cardui). In the Orgyia observations it was not an important species and was not reared at all in 1805. Seventeen specimens were reared, all in July, 189G. In the case of two of the specimens the flies issued July G from two puparia found June 20. There is nothing in the observations which indicates the duration of any of the different stages. Tachina mella Walker. This species is also widespread, occurring in Toronto, Canada; Fran- conia, K". H. ; Massachusetts; XewYork; District of Columbia; West Virginia; Florida; Texas; Xew Mexico; California, and Oregon. It has 43 been reared from several different Bombycid larvae at this office. It appeared both in 1895 and 1896 in the present series of observations. On September 16, 1895, a single adult issued from an Orgyia cocoon taken September 7. In the different series of rearings undertaken to ascertain percentage of parasitism eighteen specimens issued, five in September, 1895, and the remainder in July, 1896. Euphorocera claripennis Macq. This was the most abundant of the Dipterous parasites. Like the other species, it occurs practically all over the country. It has been reared at this office from twenty- seven distinct species of Lepidoptera, including among the species of greatest economic importance Agrotis ypsilon, Aletia argillaeea, Anarsia lineatella, Ceratomia catalpce, Datana ministra, Feltia Iter His, Hy- drcecia immanis, Hyphantria cunea, Leucania albilinea, and Mamestra trifolii. It was first reared on Sep- tember 21, 1895, from a pupa of Orgyia collected Septem- ber 7, the Tachinid larva hav- ing left the chrysalis before pupating. September 23 a specimen issued from a pupa- rium found within a chrysalis of Orgyia on September 6. On September 24 one speci- men issued from a larva found September 7 with a single Tachinid egg attached to it. Another issued on the same day from a larva found September 4 with a Tachinid egg attached to it, and still another from a larva found September 11, also with a Tachinid egg upon its back. This last had pupated within the body of its host. On the 30th of the same month a specimen issued from a caterpillar found in its cocoon September 11, and in which Pimpla inquisitor had been observed to oviposit. Xinety-seven specimens in all were reared ; eighty-one of them issued between September 19 and October 15, 1895, a single specimen issued April 16, and the remainder appeared from July 14 to 28, 1896. The usual method of hibernation here must also be in the imago state, although in the case of the fly which issued April 16 the puparium must have overwintered. Fig. 23. —Euphorocera claripennis: Adult with enlarged antenna and with empty puparium at right — enlarged (original). 44 Winthemia quadripustulata Fabr. This, again, is a species of wide distribution, occurring throughout the northern portion of the United States and also in Germany. It has been reared from twelve species of lepidopterous larvae at this office, including certain cutworms, the army worm (Leucania unipuncta), the grass worm of the South (Laphygma frugiperda), the promethea caterpillar (Attacus promt-thai), and several sphingid larvae. Four specimens were reared in the Orgyia observations, three issuing in late October, 1895, and the fourth April 14, 1896, this latter having evi- dently hibernated in thepuparium. Exorista griseomicans v. d. W. This species, which we know only from the District of Columbia and Central America, and which has been reared from this host insect alone, made its appearance in our experiments only in late July, 189G, when four specimens were reared from the mass of Orgyia cocoons under observation. THE SCAVENGER FLIES. Helicolna helicis Towns. Limosina sp. Sarcophaga (two species). Honialomyia scalaris Fab. Phora nigriceps Loew. (Jaurax anchora Loew. Phora incisnralis Loew. Neoglaphyroptera bivittata Say. Phora fasciata Fallen. 1 Jiplosis sp. Phora agaraci Liotner. It seems hardly worth while to give any detailed consideration to any of the above species. All were reared from Orgyia cocoons, and most of them from cocoon clusters which had overwintered and were col- lected in the spring of 189G and placed in rearing jars for observation. It was especially noticed that nearly all of the scavenger flies, particu- larly the Sarcophagids, after issuing, remained among the litter at the bottom of the cage, whereas the adults of the parasitic Diptera, and Hymenoptera as well, immediately flew to the upper parts and sides of the cage, apparently trying to find a way out. By far the most abundant of the eleven species was the little Oscinid, Gaurmx anchor a. This little fly, shown at fig. 24, was first reared on September 10, 1895. Its larva) and pnparia were found abundantly in old Orgyia cocoons the larva1 of which had been destroyed by Plm- pla inquisitor. The larvae of the Gaurax were found to feed upon the quite dry remains of the caterpillar.1 Other larvae were found in dead pupae early in September. Several hundred were reared in all, of •Loew, Centur.,VII, page 111, mentions the fact thatOsten Sacken found the larva of this species in New York feeding gregariously upon the chrysalis of the Cecropia moth inclosed within its cocoon. In Osten Sacken's catalogue the fact is recorded simply in the words " inquilinous in cocoons of Attacus cecropia." The same species was reared from the cocoons of the gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar) by Professor Fernald and his assistants. 45 which only five appeared in the fall of 1895, the remainder appearing in May, July, and August, 1896. Active larvae of this species were found feeding upon the remains in old cocoons in the middle of Decem- ber, 1896, and remained rather active for several weeks in spite of cold weather. Living puparia of one of the species of Sarcophaga were found in the old cocoon masses of the Orgyia in December, 1896, and nearly all of the specimens of both species issued in July and August, 1896. The other Sarcophagid, Helicobia helivis (Towns.), originally reared from a snail (Helix thyroides Say) by Mr. H. A. Surface, Warren County, Ohio, seems to be a general scavenger after all. Eighteen specimens were reared in October, 1895, from cocoon masses of the Orgyia, and three more July 27, 1896. It is a widespread species, and Mr. Coquillett Fig. 24 — Gaurax anchora : a, larva ; b, anal segment of same ; c, spiracles of same ; d, puparium ; /, antenna of same — a, d, e, enlarged; b, c, /, still more enlarged (original). adult; has recorded it from Charlotte Harbor, Florida, Mississippi, Illinois, Los Angeles, Cal., Ohio, and the District of Columbia (Proc. Acad. Kat. Sci. Phil., 1895, p. 317). The four species of Phora were not reared in large numbers. Of P. nigriceps about thirty were bred from dead larva1 of Orgyia at the end of July, 1896. Of P. incisuralis five specimens were reared Sep- tember 1, 1896. Of P.fasciata eight were reared July 28 to 30, 1896, and of P. agarici one specimen was reared September 30, 1895, from discol- ored chrysalids of Orgyia collected September 13, while on October 28 of the same year about a dozen specimens were reared from another discolored chrysalis, also found on September 13. The facts gained by the rearing of these four species of this genus present no positive evidence on the question as to whether Phora may ever attack living insects. Of the Limosina a single specimen was reared September 2, 1896, 46 while the only specimen of the Anthomyiid (Homalomyia scalaris)1 which was reared was found in the breeding cage with cocoons of Orgyia on September 1'G, 1895. Neoglaphyroptera bivittata, a beautiful little black and yellow Mycetophilid, was reared in two instances, the first on May 28 and the second one April 30, 1896. They were found in the breeding cage with cocoons of the Orgyia collected October 15 of the previous year. The Diplosis was reared in April, 1896, and again in September, 1896, the first time from cocoons collected October 15, 1895, and the second time from cocoons collected in July, 1896. THE OTHEB INSECTS. Among the other insects found feeding upon the tussock-moth cater- pillars or reared from their cocoon masses none arc worthy of especial mention with the exception, perhaps, of the larva' of J nthrenus varius. These larva* were found constantly in the old cocoon masses of the ( )i gvia and under the batches of eggs whicli had already hatched, where they were engaged in feeding upon the dry remains of pupa' and eggs. This is quite in accordance with the known habits of this insect. Its frequent occurrence in the v\xg masses led us to surmise that it might be found to feed upon the living eggs, and thus become a true enemy of the tussock moth. Predatory habits begin in this way. This surmise was proved to be correct in February, 1897. Mr. Busck, who had been instructed to watch carefully all egg masses whicli he should observe out of doors, with this object in view, brought in, Feb- ruary 14, two egg masses which had evidently been eaten by some insect. Both egg masses were eaten on one side of the surface. One was eaten into from the under side, and in the hole was a cast skin of the larva of a Trogoderma, presumably T. tarsale. These egg masses were carefully examined, since it was suggested that simply the frothy secretion might have been fed upon, but eggs were found which had been half eaten, and examination of the other eggs in the mass showed that they were unhatched and living. Later, on the same day, Mr. Busck was sent out for additional material, and succeeded in finding a spot where the egg masses were numerous and collected 50 or more larva' of Anthrenus varius and Trofjodermtt tarsale hidden among the egg masses. These were brought in and kept under observation in con- finement. It was soon proved beyond all doubt that they eat sound eggs of the tussock moth with avidity, and certainly just as readily as they eat dead animal matter, which was given them at the same time. We have thus the beginning of what may ultimately prove to be a very beneficial predatory habit on the part of these Dermestid larva?. The only record known to us of a true predatory habit on the part of a Der- mestid larva is published by A. Kuwert in the Stettiner Entomolo- gische Zeitung for 1871, page 305, where it is stated that the larvae of ^his species is common to Europe aud North America. In Europe its larva has been found in human excrement. 47 Megatoma undata were found inside the cocoons of Tenthredo lutea. Kuwert considered their work in killing pupae of this sawfly of consid- erable importance and ascribed the immunity of his garden from the work of the sawfly larvse to this cause. It seems, however, that there may still be doubt about the accuracy of his conclusions. As illustrating the necessity for the most careful examination of all the circumstances surrounding a case of supposed parasitism, and as bearing upon the subject of Anthrenus varius, the fact may be men- tioned that on December 17 a living specimen of an adult Proctotrypid parasite was found in the center of an ei ipty egg mass of the Orgyia. The species was new to the series of Orgyia parasites, and study showed it to be Laelius trogodermatis Ashmead, a parasite, as the name indi- cates, of Dermestid larvre. Further examination showed a full grown larva of the Anthrenus in the same egg mass. Mr. Ashmead informs the writer that he has previously reared this Proctotrypid from Anthre- nus varius, and the presence of this specimen on the Orgyia egg mass was thus explained. A very constant feature in the examination of the Orgyia cocoon masses during December, 1896, was the finding of many of the charac- teristic cocoons of a Chrysopa. They were hidden away among the mass in all conceivable situations. Some were empty, some contained parasites, while others contained the hibernating larva' of the Chrysopa. During the preceding summer adult Chrysopas were reared in some numbers from Orgyia cocoon masses placed in the rearing cages for study. The frequent parasitism of these Chrysopa cocoons introduced another element of danger in drawing conclusions as to the true para- sites or hyper parasites of Orgyia. For a time the writer considered one of the species of Hemiteles (sens, lat.) reared from the Orgyia cocoons as one of the tussock moth hyperparasites. While opening many Orgyia cocoons, however, in December, one was found which contained several old and empty cocoons of Pimpla inquisitor, and in one of these, back at its far extremity, was the imparium of a Sarcoph- agid fly, from which the adult had issued. More in a spirit of idle curiosity than in anticipation of any result, this empty puparium was cut open and here again in its far extremity was another object, the cocoon of this Chrysopa. The cocoon was intact, and upon cutting it open it was found to contain an adult of the Hemiteles, which up to that time had been considered a hyperparasite of Orgyia. The larva of the Sarcophagid having reached full growth after feeding on the remains of the Pimpla pupa skins, or perhaps dead pupa? as well, had trans- formed within the Pimpla cocoon and the fly had issued. The para- sitized full-grown Chrysopa larva, seeking to hide itself as effectu- ally as possible, had crawled first into the Orgyia cocoon, second into the Piinpla cocoon, and third into the empty puparium, and in its far extremity, with its little remaining strength, had spun its own cocoon only to die immediately thereafter from the attacks of the larva 48 of a primary parasite already containing eggs of the hyperparasitic Hem i teles ! The abundance of these Chrysopa cocoons in these situations does not, it seems to ns, prove that the larvae which constructed them had fed upon the Orgyia. It is more likely that they were attracted by the abundance of dipterous larvae, particularly of the larvae of the little Gaurax, although this is supposition only. The work of predatory Heteroptera was not especially marked, and in fact for some reason these insects do not seem to prey as extensively upon tussock-moth caterpillars as upon the fall webworm and other caterpillars. We have already called attention to the exemption from bird attack which this species possesses, and in fact the conspicuous coloration of the caterpillar seems to mark it as an especially protected form. (JEir^AL CONSIDERATIONS. Except for the remarkable number of species involved, there is nothing, perhaps, after all, so extremely unusual in the extensive case of parasitism of which we have just given the details. Wherever a plant- feeding species from some cause or from some combination of causes transcends its normal abundance to any great extent, there is always a great multiplication of its natural enemies, and this multiplication is usually so great as to reduce the species to a point even below its normal. Exceptions to this rule are seen with especially protected species, which, through the possession of some distasteful or repug- nant quality, have no predatory or parasitic enemies. Even in such cases, however, disease steps in and tills the want. I need only refer to the chinch bug as a familiar example of this class of injurious insects. It possesses no parasites, but when it increases beyond the bounds of what may be called nature's law, for want of a better term, bacterial and fungous diseases speedily carry it off. With all very injurious lepidopterous larv, more or less shriveled and slightly moldy, but apparently whole. It must be stated that nearly all of the observations which Ave have recorded were made on or in the immediate vicinity of the grounds of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and that observations made inci- dentally and by no means with the same thoroughness in other parts of the city show that conditions vary in neighboring localities, and that 51 at different points, distant from each other less, perhaps, than a mile, there was by no means the same relative abundance of species. It can be seen at the time of this writing- (January, 1897) that hibernating egg masses of the Orgyia are certainly four times as abundant at some places in the city as they are at others, a fact which points plainly to a greater scarcity of primary parasites at the first-named points. The tussock-moth caterpillar is itself a slow traveler. Its primary parasites naturally congregate at the points of greatest caterpillar abundance. At points where the caterpillars are scarcer they are thus less exposed to the attacks of their parasitic enemies, and it results that there may actually be an increase of the species at one point simultaneously with a decrease at another. This, then, at once suggests that in a small way artificial transportation of the Pimpla in particular may often be of some practical benefit.1 The part played by the dipterous parasites in this instance was not great. Only 187 specimens in all were reared. All were of rather well known Tachina fiies, which are general and widespread parasites. Even though the work of these species was not important in this instance, as is well known, they frequently play a most important part in the reduction of the numbers of injurious larvae.2 It is an extraordinary thing that these flies are by no means so restricted in their host relations as are the parasites which belong to the order Hymenoptera. The parallelism between structure and host relation, which is so striking* among* the Hymenoptera, seems to be prac- tically absent with these parasitic Diptera, as Brauer's tables plainly indicate. It has "been shown, for example, that Pim}>hi inquisitor, the most numerous of the parasites mentioned, is a very general feeder on lepiuopterous larva-, and in such cases as this extensive parasitism of Orgyia in Washington, if the right moment were seized, a surplus of the parasites could readily he sent to such points as Boston, for example, where the tussock moth appears to he abundant nearly every year, and where, perhaps, the species would be found to attack even the gypsy moth, although, according to the reports of the gypsy moth committee, this species has not as yet been reared from this host. -The writer has searched for hours in grass tields overrun with army worms with- out rinding a single specimen of the worm which did not bear upon its hack the eggs of JTintheinia 4-pusiulata. It has long been known that many of these eggs fail to pro- duce any result, through the molting of the caterpillar before the hatching maggots have an opportunity to work their way into its body, hut the observations made by Professor Fernald and his assistants in their work upon the gypsy moth in Massa- chusetts have thrown a new light on the number of failures in Tachina parasitism. On page 385 of the 1896 report upon the gypsy moth it is stated that during the sum- mer of 1893 Mr. Reid collected a number of caterpillars on which the eggs of the parasites had been laid. Two hundred and thirty-five of these caterpillars, having from 1 to 33 eggs on each, were fed in cages until they changed to pupa-, and from these 226 moths emerged, but only 4 dipterous parasites were secured from the entire number. The caterpillar which had 33 Tachina eggs on it molted before the eggs hatched, passed through all its transformations, and the moth emerged in good con- dition. In 1895, 50 larv.e bearing eggs were isolated, and 43 moths resulted and no parasites. Later 252 caterpillars were taken in the tield, each bearing dipterous eggs, and were fed and carried through their transformations without the appearance of a single adult Tachina fly. 52 The main function of the Diptera in the interesting struggle which we have described was that of scavengers. The scavenger flies were much more abundant than the parasitic flics, and the dead bodies of the caterpillars, the chrysalis skins, and the remains of the different species of parasites were abundantly preyed upon by species of this class. The table which follows shows the exact host relations of the Ilymen- optera reared in the course of the observations: Tabic showing host relations of the Hymenopterous parasites so fur as they are known or surmised. Host, i )r.i:yia liurostigma. , Primary parasite ondary parasit< Tertiary parasite. Possible quater- nary. Pimpla inquisitor. Pimpla annulipea Pimpla conquisitor Ichueumon cceruleus . . . Ichneumon Bubcyaneus. Amorphotaorgyia- Dibrachya bouebeanus Asecodea nlbitarsis. - . Allocota tbyridopterigia Habrocytus thyr. !.... Bathythrix pimplas Dibrachya boucheanua Adiastola americana Allocota thyridopterigit Habrocytus tbyr. Meteorut ■omnium- Bleteorus byphantria Limneria sp Limneria valida Spiloohalcis debilia Dibraohy nua ' Dibrachya boucheanua Asecodea albitarais. Spilochalcia debilia ( )tac\isti's periliti I Bathythrix nieteori Dibrachya bouoheanua Spilochalcia debilia Rupelmus limneria' . Otacustea periliti Dibracln a boucheanua bouchea- Asecodea albil sis Theronia fulvescena - . Apantelea byphantria- Apantelea delical Dibrachys boucheanua Tetra Eupelmua limneria' ElasmuH atratua icL ap < lhalcia ovata I'iciomaliis cuproideus ( Iratotecbua orevise Spilochalcia debilia I tibraohya boucheanua Plasmas' atratua Spilochalcia debilia Dibrachya boucheanua Elaamna atratua Telenomus orgj ise Elaohistus cacceciae - Tetrastichus sp. '. . . Dibrachya bouch. ' . . Asecodea albitarsia '. Asecodea albitar- As far as we were able to ascertain, the dipterous parasites had no hyperparasites. It will be seen that there were seventeen species of primary Hymeuoptera and six of primary Diptera. Of the secondary liymenopterous parasites there were thirteen species, several of them, however, affecting more than one species of primary parasite. There were but two species of tertiary parasite, so far as positive observations go, but three other species were strongly suspected to sustain this rela- tion, while, as indicated, one of the species of which we have proof of tertiary parasitism may under certain conditions, in our opinion, prove to be a quaternary parasite. In the table those species followed by an interrogation point are problematically placed. The parasitism indi- cated is strongly suspected, but has not been definitely proved. The placing of all of the other species is based upon exact observations. APPENDIX.— DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. Genus AMORPHOTA. Amorphola Foerster. Verb. d. Naturhist. Ver. d. Preus. Kkeinl. ti.Westph. 1868, p. 151. Amorphota orgyiae new species. Female. — Length 9.5mm; expanse 11 mm. Color black: abdomen rufous, with darker petiole; disk of second segment and hind border of same black; all legs rufous, except hind tibia' and tarsi, which are black; trochanters, tarsi, and spurs of hind tibiae light yellow, nearly white; antennal scape rufous; mouth parts and teguhe whitish; head and thorax densely and finely punctate, with sparse whitish pubescence, more marked on metanotum; metanotum with shallow central longitu- dinal groove with transverse elevations; abdominal segments 3 to 6 subequal in length; 7 shorter; 2 longer; the latter two thirds length of petiole. Male. — Resembles female, except that abdomen is darker, dusky shade extending down its dorsum: femora are of darker rufous: scape black. Described from two females, one male, reared from Orgyia leucostigma. Habitat : District of Columbia. U. S. National Museum type No. 3509. Genus BATHYTHRIX. BathythHx Foerster. Verb. d. Naturhist. Ver. d. Preus. Rheinl. u. Westph. 1868, p 176. Bathythrix meteori new species. Female. — Length 7 mm.; expanse 11 mm. General color black and rufous; head, mesoscutum, mesopleura and metathorax black; all legs, including cox;e, abdomen, prothorax, mesoscutellum, teguhe, rufous; abdomen darker toward tip; front and middle coxa* and trochanters, all tibiae and tarsi lighter ; sheaths of the ovipositor black ; antennae rufous with the joints accentuated with black; darker toward tip; mandibles dark rufous; palpi white; head and mesoscutum finely shagreened; mesopleura nearly smooth, shining; metanotum with several distinct raised areolets ; entire thorax with fine white pile, more abundant upon metanotum and at borders of clypeus; abdomen shining, faintly longi- tudinally aciculate-punctate; abdominal segments decreasing in length from 1 to 7. Male. — Resembles female except that abdomen is black at tip; anten- nae fuscous; thorax shining and very faintly shagreened. 53 54 I )escribed from many male and female specimens reared from cocoons of Meteorus. Habitat: -District of Columbia. U. S. National Museum type No. 3511. Bathythrix pimplae new species. Female. — Length (3.5 mm; expanse 11 mm. General color black; head and thorax opaque; abdomen shining; all legs, including coxa', rufous, with the exception of black band at the tip of hind femora and at tip of hind tibia'; hind tarsi blackish, except at base Of first joint; mandibles dark rufous: palpi nearly white; mesothorax very faintly and sparsely punctate; metascutum divided into six areolets; entire thorax with sparse line whitish pile; lower face with very close and dense whitish pile, particularly marked at edge of clypeus. Described from three female specimens, presumably parasitic upon Pimpla inquisitor. Habitat: District of Columbia. I'. S. National .Museum type No. 3512. Genus ADIASTOLA. Adiastola Foerster. Verh. d. Naturhist. Ver. <1. Preus. Rheinl. u, Westpb. 18(>8. p. ISO. Adiastola americana new species. Female. — Length 5 mm.; expanse 1) mm. General color black; all coxae and femora and joints 2 to 7 of abdomen rufous; hind tibia' and all tarsi black; front and middle tibia* rufous; teguhe whitish; mandi- bles and palpi black: petiole black, finely longitudinally aciculate; ovipositor sheaths nearly black; head and mesonotum very finely and very closely granulate, subopaque: mesoscutellum shining; areolets of metascutum marked, the hinder median one very concave, showing on profile view two sharp prominences; pleura shining, but very delicately shagreened. Male. — Resembles female except that abdomen is entirely black and that second abdominal segment, as well as petiole, is closely longitudi- nally aciculate, though not so coarsely as petiole. Described from two females and one male reared from cocoon masses of Orgyia leueostigma and presumably parasitic upon Pimpla inquisitor. Habitat: District of Columbia. U. S. National Museum type No. :3510. Genus PEZOMACHUS. Pezoinachus Gravenborst. Icbneunion. Europ;ea, II, 1829, p. 867. Pezomachus insolitus new species. Male. — Length 5 mm. ; expanse 10 mm. General color black ; antennae dusky; all legs, including coxjc, dark rufous; under side of abdomen, especially at base, somewhat rufous; clypeus rufous; mandibles rufous, black at tip; palpi dusky, nearly black; teguhe dark; fore wings yel- 55 lowish at base; head aiid mesonotum shining, very faintly shagreened; metanotum closely punctulate with areolets faintly indicated; abdomen shining, very faintly shagreened; joints 4 and 7 subequal in length; 1 to 4 gradually decreasing in length ; stigma pitchy black, yellowish at proximal extremity. Described from three males reared from cocoon masses of Orgyia leucostigma. Habitat: District of Columbia. IT. S. National Museum type Xo. 3513. Genus APANTELES. Apan teles FoersteT. Verb. d. Naturhist. Ver. d. Preus. Ebeiul. u. Westpb. 1862, p. 245. Apanteles delicatus new species. Male. — Length 2.8 num.; expanse 6.2 mm. General color black; all legs, except coxa1, light reddish-yellow, hind tibiae somewhat darker at the tips; palpi light honey-yellow; face faintly punctate, with a slight incomplete median carina below insertion of antenna-; clypeus regularly rounded; metascutum with faint median longitudinal carina; abdomen rather coarsely punctate on first three joints ; remaining joints smooth; joints 1 and 2 with slight median carina, which is absent in joint 3; dorsal plate of first segment with somewhat rounded sides; pleura faintly shagreened. Described from two males reared from Orgyia leucostigma. Habitat: District of Columbia. U. S. National Museum type No. 3514. Genus PTEROMALUS. Pteromalus Swederus. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., 1795, T. 16. Pteromalus cuproideus new species. Female. — Length 3.5 "mm.; expanse (J mm. General color brownish- green; antennal scape rufous; funicle dusky; all legs except coxae light honey-yellow; teguhe darker honey-yellow; abdomen and meta- thorax concolorous with remainder of thorax and head, except that the basal two-thirds of second abdominal segment is blue or purplish, the second segment occupying a little more than one-third of the dorsal extent of the abdomen; joint 3 as long as 4 and 5 united; C> and 7 sub- equal, longer than 3, the terminal segment conical; head and thorax uniformly and rather coarsely punctate; metascutum with median lon- gitudinal carina and two curved lateral carina. Male. — Differs from female in possessing yellowish antenna- with scape black at extreme base; color somewhat brassy. Described from one male and one female reared from Orgyia leu- costigma. Habitat: District of Columbia. 1T. S. National Museum type No. 3515. Comes closest to Ashmead's P. acronyctm. 56 Genus EUPELMUS. Eupelmm Swederus. Vetensk. Acad. HandL, 1*20. pp. 136.376. Eupelmus limneriae new species. Female. — Length 3 mm. ; expanse 4.2 mm. General color dark metal- lic green; all coxae metallic green; front femora honey-yellow, with dark, somewhat metallic stripe on outer side: middle femora honey yel- low, somewhat darker above: hind femora metallic; front and middle tibiae honey-yellow ; hind tibiae with rather more than basal half fus- cous: tibia- yellowish white; all tarsi yellowish, black at tip; antenna' black, somewhat metallic: body moderately stout: abdomen about as long as thorax, widening gradually to joint •*>: joint (> rather abruptly acuminate: head about as wide as thorax: mesoscutum sparsely punc- tate; mesoscutellum and mesopleura closely and finely shagreened. Male. — Differs in having- all femora honey-yellow; hind tibia1 dusky: middle tibia' dusky toward tips; punctation of mesoscutellum similar to that of mesoscutum. Described from one male and one female reared from cocoons of Lim- neria valuta. Habitat: District of Columbia. U.S. National Museum type No. 3516. Genus ELASMUS. h'lasmus Weetwood. Loud. Edinb. Phil. Mag., III. 1833, ]>. 43. Elasmus atratus new species. Female. — Length 1.6 nun.; expanse 3.2 nun.; greatest width of fore wing 4.0 mm. Face and vertex with moderately sparse large punctures; pronotum and mesoscutum regularly scaly, with sparse hairs; oieso- 8cu tell urn very finely shagreened, shining; abdomen smooth, rather longer than head and thorax together; pleura and hind coxae shining, the latter finely aciculate: antenna' very short: funicle joints subequal in length and about as long as wide; club slightly flattened; hind tibiaj above with three closed cells of spines placed end to end and a portion of another cell at each extremity: general color black, shining: thorax with faint metallic cluster; meso postscutellum not differentiated in color; front and middle tibiae dusky, rather lighter at bases. Male. — Antenna] branches dusky, reaching to base of club; in other respects resembles female. Described from many male and female specimens reared from Apan- teles hyphantrhe, Apanteles delicatus, and Lhnneria ralida. Habitat: District of Columbia. U. S. National Museum type No. 3517. 57 APPENDED NOTE. Prof. V. Deprez has given, under the title "Une Invasion de Dasy- chira pudibunda," in the Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique for 1895, pages 333-335, some account of an outbreak of a European species closely related to our white-marked tussock moth in the vicinity of Carlsbourg, in the years 1892 to 1895. Vigorous efforts were made by the authorities to put a stop to the work of the insect. The forestry administration employed a special oil, made in Germany, to cover the eggs and thus to asphyxiate them, and also made use of different methods for preventing the climbing of the trees by the caterpillars. Moreover, the inhabitants of the sur- rounding villages were requisitioned in May to collect the perfect insects. " Nevertheless," says Professor Deprez, "what can human means accomplish against such a prodigious quantity of enemies?'' "Happily," he says, "nature, always foresighted, has placed a remedy beside the evil, and the researches of the most eminent naturalists have established the law that when an injurious insect develops in abnormal numbers its parasites are but little behind it in becoming proportionally multiplied. Thus, with the species of which we are speaking we have noticed an increasing multiplication of its natural enemies — the Ich- neumon flies — which charge themselves with the duty of reducing con- siderably the number of the caterpillars, and often of reestablishing the equilibrium which had been broken for several years." Experiments were instituted to determine the increase of the para- sites. In the winter of 1892-93, among 200 chrysalids, 30 were found to have been parasitized. A year later, from the same number, 53 were parasitized. A year later, in the winter of 1891-95, from the same number, 95 were found to be parasitized. How far this instance falls, in the completeness of the parasitism, below the instance which we have described in the foregoing pages will at once be evident. His concluding paragraph, freely translated, reads: "Will this proportion of the parasites increase still further dur- ing following years, as has been noticed in other countries, so as to bring about the complete stoppage of this unusual outbreak of the caterpillars, or will the parasites themselves be destroyed by other parasites, which, limiting their destructive action, will thus prolong the caterpillar invasion ? Future observations will determine." 11859— No. 5 5 1 Technical Series No 6. U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF EXT< >MOL< )( ! V THE SAN JOSE SCALE AXD ITS NEAREST ALLIES. A BRIEF CONSIDERATION OF THE CHARACTERS WHICH DISTINGUISH THESE CLOSELY RELATED INJURIOUS SCALE INSECTS. Prepare« I under the direction of I hf Entomologist BY T. D. A. CO( 1KERELL, Entomologist of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment station. Las ('races, New Mexico. WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1897. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of ENTOMOLOGY", Washington,- D. C, April 20, 1S97. Sin: I have the lionor to Btibmit for publication the accompanying technical bul- letin, which it is hoped will enable all entomologists as well as all other persons who have access to a compound microscope to distinguish definitely between the San .lose scale and its closest allies. This bulletin has been prepared under your authoriza- tion by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerel], whose long technical study of the scale insects has especially fitted him for the work. Although the specific characters of the San Jose scale have been given in a number of different publications, they have not been dis- played by exact contrast to those of the most closely allied species, and it has resulted that almost allot the entomologists in the United States have felt themselves unable to decide authoritatively as to the identity of suspected forms, and have always for- warded specimens either to this oltice or Professor Cockerell in New Mexico for cer- tain determination. Jt is the hope and expectation of the author of the bulletin and of the writer that by the aid of this account of the insect and its allies all of this uncertainty will be done away with and that much valuable time will be saved. Respectfully, L. O. Howard, Hon. James Wilson, Entomologist. Secretary of Agriculture. CONTENTS. Page. The preliminary examination 3 The study of the scale 4 The microscopic characteristics of the adult females 5 The subgenera and sections of Aspidiotus 9 The relationships of the 8an Josse scale 14 Habits of the species 16 Annotated list of the species of Aspidiotus 18 Postscript 31 2 THE SAN JOSE SCALE AND ITS NEAREST ALLIES. By T. 1). A.. COCKERELL. THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION. Suppose that some objects suspected to be San Jose scales have been found upon a fruit tree. The hist thing to do is to ascertain whether they are scales (Coccidfe) at all. I have known fly marks to be taken for Ooccidae, and occasionally the lenticels on the young growth of trees are supposed to be scale insects by those whose experi- ence ought to have taught them better. It is really remarkable how the lenticels on cotton wood twigs in the Mesilla Valley, N. Mex., resem- ble a scale prevalent in that locality, Aspidiotus jvglans-regice var. albus. From a short distance the deception would be complete but for the fact that the lenticels are arranged at approximately equal distances from one another and not massed like scale insects. Still more like coccids are certain fungi; I have on occasion been obliged to use a lens to ascertain which I had before me. At Mesilla, N. Mex., I found on the dead wood of an apple tree a fungus which closely resembled the second stage, or immature male scales of the Sau Jose scale. This fungus was kindly identified for me by Mr. J. B. Ellis as the cytispora stage of Valsa ambiens Persoon. It is presumed that no entomologist will be misled for more than a moment by lenticels or fungi, but for those who are not entomologists it may be recommended to scrape the object with the linger nail or a knife blade, when, if it is a scale insect, it will readily come away, leaving at most only a pale film. Granting now that we certainly have a scale insect before us, it is to be learned whether it belongs to the subfamily Diaspime. A mealybug has no scale — only some mealy or cottony secretion; a Lecanium or shield scale is itself the scale — that is, the insect becomes hardened and scale like, but has no scale separable from its body. But the Diaspime are small soft insects, in the adult $ stage without legs and unable to move, which secrete a scale separate from themselves, much like the shell of an oyster. With a lens it is easy to make out the insect and its scale, the latter having first been overturned with the point of a knife. The scale, it is further seen, carries the exuvia) of the two first stages, or only one if it be a male. Now, then, if we are sure that wre have a Diaspine is it an Aspidiotus — the genus of the San Jose scale? In Aspidiotus the female scales are round, or nearly so, and the male scales vary from round to oval, according to the species, but are always of a similar texture to those of the female. Therefore we shall not be misled by Mijtilaspis, in which 3 the female scales are elongate, pointed at one end; nor by Chionaspis, which have the female scales more or less pyriform in outline, and the male scales linear, soft, white, with the usually yellow larval skin at one end; nor by Diaspis, which has the female scale much like Aspidio- tuSjbnt the male scale like Chionaspis. We maybe misled by Diaspis if, as sometimes happens, we find only fe- male scales. In Europe two similar species, one an Aspidiotus (A. ostrecc- formis), the other a Diaspis, were long confounded under one name. The Q Aspidiotus piricola recently described •s. . . .. , . » by Del (luercio, which L have recog- cai^*;* . nized in specimens found on Prunus in Fig. l.-lHaspis piricola: characters offe- California is said by Berfese to be ill male (original). J reality the Diaspis just mentioned sec tig. 1). I formerly saw only female scales, but have lately received those of the male, which are as in Diaspis. A figure is given so that the insect may be recognized by those who conic across it.1 THE STUDY OF THE SCALE. With an ordinary pocket lens the characters of the scale can be made out. The following table may be found useful: A. Scale quite convex, about Hinm. diameter, whitish with an cchreous or grayish tint, with a contrasting dark spot marking the exuviae, which are toward the side. 1. Scale somewhat translucent, so that it lias a decided orange or yellowish tinge when covering the living insect; a species not extending above the lower austral zone A. rapax Comst. 2. Scale more opaque, thus appearing whiter; a species common in the upper austral zone, found mainly on poplars and willows 1. convexus Comst. 'Attention is called to the four rudimentary Lobes on each side, besides the largo median ones, which are dark-colored. There is a well-marked median or anterior group of ventral glands, numbering at leasteight. As Mr. A. ('. F. Morgan remarked, in Aspidiotus Mtreceformis the inner lateral margins of the median lobes are produced to encircle the anus, while there is nothing of the kind in the Diaspis. Then; has been some question as to what name this Diaspis should bear. Fitch's Aspidiotus circularis (Tr. N. V. Agr. Soc, 1856) from stalks of currant at Albany, N. Y., lias been thought referable to it, and would be the oldest name ; but it doubtless belongs to A. ancylus, which Dr. Lintner has found on black currant in Albany. I do not recommend its use for ancylus, however, as it is an unrecognizable nomen seminudnm, so far as Fitch's publication goes. The names pyri and oslrea'formis, as applied to the Diaspis by Boisduval and Signoret, respectively, can have no claim, being merely misidentitications of Linnean and Curtisian species. We are thus obliged to fall back on Del Guercio's specific name, and call the insect Diaspis piricola (Del Guerc.); unless it can be proved identical with D. pyri Colvee, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, Bull., 1881, p. lii. The difficulty with regard to Colvee's insect arises from his account of the grouped ventral glands; be gives, caudolaterals 18 to 20, cephalolaterals20 to 24, median wercr more than six, sometimes less or even none. In tho Diaspis the median group is larger, while the others are smaller, viz, median 8 to 12, caudolaterals 8 to 14, cephalolaterals 12 to 13. 5 B. Scale flattened, but comparatively large, diameter 3inm., or nearly; exuvi.e form- ing a slight prominence between the middle and the side, when rubbed so as to remove a thin film of secretion, appearing shining orange or foxy-red. 1. Scale grayish-brown A . juglans-regice Comst. 2. Scale white A.juglans-regice v. albus Ckll. C. Scale flattened like the last, but smaller; diameter 2mm. or less. 1. Scale pale grayish, with a slight reddish tinge, the male scales suffused with blackish, exuvite of the 9 scale somewhat to the side of the center, dull orange A. howardi Ckll. 2. Scale blackish or dark gray to dull black, the exuviae when exposed a deep orange-red, their position somewhat away from the center. a. Scale usually very dark, first skin hardly raised or nipple-like ; a species common in the transition zone, often on maples 1. (inci/lus Putn. b. Scale somewhat paler, first skin somewhat raised and nipple-like, with faint indications of a dot and ring A. forbesi Johns. 3. Scale of female gray, with the exuviae central, or nearly so, yellowish, $ scales showing a distinct dot surrounded by a ring, which is not the case in A. howardi. a. $ scale all black, the dot and ring not distinguished by color, but dis- tinctly sculptured; a Japanese species A. andromelas Ckll. n. sp. 1). $ scale grayish, hardly black, with a light dot and ring. A. pemiciosus Comst. (San Jose scale). c. $ scale grayish black, the light dot and ring Aery conspicuous; occurs on orange and plum in Japan /. perniciosus v. albopunctatua Ckll. The scale of A. cydonice Comst., found on quince in Florida, resembles that of ra/pax. A. cfawii Ckll. n. sp., a Mexican species, has also a con- vex scale, but the exuviae are not dark. The European A. ostreceformis Curt, has a black scale with deep orange exuviae and could easily be taken for ancylus. It has been a matter for dispute whether the San Jose scale can be certainly recognized in the field. Its effect on the tree, killing the branches, is characteristic, but hardly in any true sense diagnostic; while the reddening-of the tissues of the plant adjacent to the scale is sometimes well marked with A. ancylus as well as with pemiciosus. A little experience, however, enables one to recognize the ashy-gray, gen- erally thickly massed scales of pemiciosus, with the dot and ring of the male scale; as against the dark scale and contrasting reddish-orange exuvia^ of ancylus, or the similar scales of ostreceformis and forbesi. Nor will the very pale scale of howardi, found singly on plums, be likely to cause confusion. At the same time it is to be recommended that the diagnosis made in the field be in every case confirmed by examination of the insect under the compound microscope, if either locality or plant is new. A. forbesi was only recently described from Illinois, but I have this year found it on apple trees in Mesilla, X. Mex , and it will probably be detected in other parts of America if looked for. THE MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS OF THE ADULT FEMALE. The female insect should be carefully removed from beneath the scale and boiled for a moment in strong liquor potassa*. It will then be transparent, and can be examined with a confound microscope. It "f Uhvj' is the hind extremity of the insect which presents the characteristic features. I do not know whether it is the same with other people, but the writer can always judge best of the form of the parts when the tail is pointing upward, as in the accompanying figures. This is explained by the fact that the eye is more accustomed to judge of convexities (e. g., mountain ranges, tree tops, &c.) than concavities. Baving prepared t lie specimen, an examination shows various caudal structures, known as lobes, plates, and spines. The lobes are more or less rounded projections from the margin, of which there is a well- developed pair (the median lobes) at the caudal extremity, and varying numbers of outer ones, according to the species. The plates, so called, are gland hairs, and form a delicate fringe adjacent to the lobes; they are often branched. The spines are line bristles, placed at intervals on the margin, projecting more nearly at right angles than the plates. Scattered over the surface of the hind part of the insect will be found oval glands, the position and number of which is often of importance. In connection with the glands at the bases of the lobes are found chitinous pro- cesses, which remain dark after boiling the insect in caustic pot- ash, and are represented as dark fusiform objects in the figures. The oval glands just men- tioned are on the dorsal surface; but by changing the focus there will come into view, when pres- ent four or live groups of cir- cular glands on the ventral sur- face, arranged about the genital opening. When well developed, these ventral grouped glands consist of an anterior or median group and two groups on each side, known as caudolateral and cephalolateral. Their function has long been doubtful, but Mr. E. E. Green (Ent. .Mo. Mag., April, 1890, pp. 85-86) has hit upon what is almost certainly their true purpose, namely, to secrete the waxy powder which dusts the surface of the eggs. In accordance with this view, we find them to be very numerous in those forms which produce numerous eggs; less numerous in those which produce a few eggs at a time, which rapidly hatch; and wanting in A. V>, &TYvO ag. cjv. ^U*.» . Fig. 2. — Atpidiottu pernieionu and A.howardi: characters <>i' female (original). those which are ovo viviparous, and give forth their young in an active state. They are also wanting in the immature females and the males. The San Jose scale is viviparous, and wholly lacks these ventral glands, while they are present in the adult females of the allied Aspidiotus forbesi, ancylus, ostrecvformis, juglans-regice, &c. They are wanting in A. rapax, which however will not be confounded with perniciosus, hav- ing a strongly convex scale, with dark sublateral exuvhe. If the grouped ventral glands are found, it may be assumed at once that the insect is not the San Jose scale; but it does not always happen that we have adult females under examination, so their absence, even though the scale be iiattish, may not be conclusive. A little study of the fc* v 0 A. ar\CMlunr\;c»oOvi/>. A.-fo-rtJXQ.'. .Fig. 3. — Aspidiotus juglans-regice, A. ancylus, A. ostrecpformis, A.perniciorus, and A.forbesi (original). accompanying figures will,. it is hoped, remove all difficulty. It will be seen that in the true Sau Jose scale (A. perniciosus) the median lobes are large, upright, notched on the outer margin, though a little variable in form, as the different figures indicate. The second lobes are small but distinct, quite close to the first, variable in shape but inclined to be pointed, and notched also on the outer margin. The chitinous proc- esses at the interval between the first and second lobes are well developed, close together, and of nearly equal size. Fig. 2 is designed to wShow the glandular hairs or " plates; " attention should be called to the fact that they are spine-like, at most feebly serrate, not branched ; there is a large pair at a and three smaller pairs are shown at b. While the 8 N Vfi P> <$> small pairs of plates are quite characteristic, there is a fair amount of variation in these organs, and it is worth noting that if the speci- mens are boiled too long they are apt to be destroyed or detached. In A. ancytus (fig. 3), the species most commonly confounded with pernidosus, it is seen that the shape of the median lobes is different, though these organs vary somewhat, and that there is nothing but the merest rudiment of a second lobe. It is further seen that the interval between the median lobe and the rudiment of the second is very wide, and that the chitinous processes are far apart and not of equal size, the innermost being the largest. There is also a gland orifice just below the interval. The plates of ancylus, not shown in the figure, are fringed and of the type shown in howardi, though less developed. .1. howardi (tig. 2) is of the type of ancylus, but the rudiment of the second lobe is somewhat more developed. The figure, from one of the type specimens, sufficiently indicates the characters and includes the oval dorsal glands. It must be admitted that howardi is very close to ancylus; per- haps only a variety of it. A. forbesl (fig. 3) is really a good deal nearer to perniciosus than is ancylus. It will Denoted, however, that the me- dian lobes are more or less oblique, and espe- cially that the chitinous processes of the inter- val between the first and second lobes are very unequal, the inner being very large and curved, the outer reri/ small. The second lobe is quite distinct; Mr. Johnson figures it as entire, but it is almost always deeply notched. A.ostrcai'ormis (fig. 3). which has been found at Alameda, CaL, has the first and second lobes quite wide apart; but the second lobe, though small, is distinct. The form of the median lobes is somewhat peculiar. A. juglans-regia? (fig. 3) and its var. albas (fig. 4) ought not to be confounded with perniciosus on account of large scale, but figures are given in case of any difficulty. The difference in the shape of the median lobes shown in the two figures is not a constant one, as between the type and variety. This species will be further known by the very well-developed rows of oval dorsal glands, which are extremely con- spicuous in mounted specimens. Fro, l —Aspidiotus juglan8-regice var. albus, A. crawly and .1 . andr omelets (origi lal). A. albopunctatus, now regarded as a variety of perniciosus and A. andromelas (fig. 4), both Japanese, do not differ from perniciosus by any marked structural characters j andromelas is easily recognized by its scale. A. obscurus, which Mr. G. McCarthy reports as occurring rarely on peach in North Carolina (N.C Exp. Sta., Bull. 138), belougs to a differ- ent section of the genus from the above, and is distinguished at once by the dark gray scale, with exuviae appearing pitch-black when rubbed. There are five groups of ventral glands, the median of as many as six. The figure of A. crawii (fig. 4) illustrates the group of rapax, concexus, cydonicB, etc. (subg. Hemiberlesia Ckll.), iu which tbe median lobes are large but the others practically obsolete, or at best very minute. The plates are branched and crowded up toward the median lobes, making quite a dense fringe. The following table of the grouped ventral glands may be found useful : "•*■■■■ ffiat: A.perniciosus . A. andromelas. A. rapax . A.juglang-regice A.forberi A.ostreceformis (from England) .. A . convexus .1 . ancylus A . cydonice A . era wit A. uvce (on grapevine) A. ob. eurus A . howardi A.patavinus (on cherry in Italy) None. None. None. None. Caudo- laterals. None. None. 0 to 4 7 to 16 1 to 3 3 to 7 6 11 None. 7 0 to 6 6 to 14 None. 8 to 9 None. 5 0 to 2 4 to 9 6 12 None. 6 to 7 0 to 2 4 to 9 None. None. None. 4 to 8 3 to 5 3 to THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF ASPIDIOTUS. Professor Comstock, in his second Cornell report (1883), gave a table of the American species of Aspidiotus known at that time. It ran somewhat as follows: A. Last segment of female with six groups of ventral glands. This includes A. sabalis, which is now placed in the genus Comstockiella, AA. Last segment of female with less than six groups of ventral glands. B. Last segment of female with three pairs of well-developed lobes, and with elongated thickenings of the body wall terminating at or near the bases of the lobes. This is the subgenus Chrysomphalus Ashmead (type A. ficus), with the related groups Jfelcuiaspis n. subg. (type A. obscurus), Uycetaspis n. subg. (typo A. personal us), and Aonidiella Berl. & Leon, (type A. aurantii). BB. Second and third pairs of lobes smaller or wanting; caudal margin with two pairs of incisions, with thickened edges. This includes the subg. Diasjridio- tus Berl. &, Leon., with the related group Hemiberlesia (type A. rapax). BBB. With neither elongated thickenings of the body wall nor incisions with thick- ened edges. This includes subg. Aspidiotus s. str. (type J. nerii) ; Comstock also placedhere A. parlatorioides, which belongs to Pscudoparlatoria. A figure is given of a Mexican specimen of this, showing some of the details more precisely than that of Comstock. It will be seen that it differs widely from any Aspidiotus in the characters of the female as well as those of the scale. Another species of this genus, 7\ ostreata, is very destructive to Acahjpha in Jamaica. 10 ?.»«JS«ka/l«*o*r«* ^o-rt-JWcK^. oJU^j -fro~ Fio. 5. — Pteudoparlatoria pcuratorioidet (original). Aspidiotfs S. STR. A. nerii Bouche must be regarded as the type. It will be observed that the scale is light colored and the exuviae are not covered by secretion. The terminal lobes of the female are wide apart, and the plates (or glandular hairs) are well developed and strongly fringed. There are no deep depressions between the lobes, and the chitinous processes at their bases are [r^C^k^^ki absent. The dorsal glands are very well developed (see fig.O, A. ])ierlese and Leonardi placed it in Aspiditcs, but it is, nevertheless, a Diaspidiotus, as that subgenus is now defined. On comparing it with the other species of the subgenus, we arrive at some interesting conclusions. It is now to be shown, for the first time, that A. pernidosus is, with little or no doubt, a native of Japan. For it is in Japan that there occur two varieties or subspecies of per- niciosus: andromelas and albopunctatu*. These agree almost exactly in structural features with per niciosus, but the first differs markedly in the color of the scale; the second slightly in the scale, and more noticeably (from an economic point of view) in attacking Citrus. Mr. Alex. Craw, however, says (in litt., Feb. 11, 1807): "The only time that I have found A, pernidosus on imported stock was from Japan on some apple trees, the grafts of which were purchased in America." Mr. Craw has examined great quantities of fruit trees from Japan, so it must be admitted that his experience carries weight. But there are various Japanese scales which Mr. Craw has found only once, and several found by Mr. Takahashi on cultivated plants in Japan have not yet 15 m r^ ^ c o Q A. C-thAlai . f »«v SaKunJd., come into Mr. Craw's hands. It is only quite lately that Mr. Craw came upon andromelas. Further, if Japan is the native country of the San Jose scale, it is to be expected that it has there various natural enemies which keep it in check ) it is not to be expected that it is found everywhere in quantities, any more than our native Diaspime are with us. Indeed, next time an economic entomologist goes to Japan he should make it his particular business to look up A. perniciosus, and see if there do not exist such natural enemies as are suggested, and whether, perhaps, one or more of them can be introduced into this country. It has been shown that Diaspidiotus enters the neotropical region, and this might be thought to favor the supposed Chilian origin of A. perni- ciosus. But even in the West Indies the type becomes largely modified as to the scale ( A . punicce, A. diffinis), and greater still is the divergence of tbe Chilian .4. latastei — all this not at all in the direction of perniciosus. While it is true that certain of our nearctic types do appear in a striking fashion in the southern parts of South America, I should be greatly sur- prised to receive from thence such a scale as A. perniciosus. Still less can the supposed Austra- lian origin be supported, as none of the native Australian species seem to belong to the same subgenus. Whether Mask ell's "Aonidia" fusca is introduced Asp. perniciosus, it is difficult to say, but it would seem probable from what he has written on the subject. I am quite con- vinced, however, that the supposed variety of perniciosus recorded by Maskell as on Eucalyptus in Australia is not that insect; the descrip- tion reads more like A. forbesi, but it is very likely something else. It would seem that our native U. S. species of Diaspidiotus are not so very nearly related to those of Europe. An examination of such European types as ostrea'formis (fig. 3), betulw (fig. 10), spurcatus (fig. 10), etc., shows a group not to be well matched in this country, noticeable for its broad, low, median lobes. The difference, indeed, is not very great — not so great as between some of our own species— but yet it is sufficiently obvious. In our species the median lobes are narrower, and usually more inclined to be notched on the outer margin. Thus they seem nearer to the Japanese type of perniciosus, etc. Chit--. SM. 1,3. liotug betulce and A.spurcatut (original). 16 Of the American species, A. forbesi seems most to resemble pernici- osus in the form of the lobes, etc., as will be evident from the figures. This insect is so far known only from several points in Illinois, and Mesilla, N". Mex. It is just possible that it also reached this country from Japan, since it was only described last year; but there is at present no good evideuce in favor of such a supposition. There is a tendency noticeable in our American Diaspidiotm to throw off a group with pallid, usually flatter scales, which occur on the peripheral parts of trees, the leaves, and even the fruit. Thus, from the type of A. ancylus we get A. howardi, I have lately received from the Division of Entomology a specimen of howardi (fig. 11) out of the original Canyon City lot, apparently more adult, and cer- tainly better developed, than those Prof. Gillette, the collector, sent to me. In the ^o ^ figure the great development of the second o lobe will be noted, so well is it developed 0 as to suggest a different species on com- parison with fig.-, but I have found similar . . ,. differences in the second lobe in coloratus (even from the same tree) and uvce. In all of the species the second lobe seems to vary more or less. The well developed second lobe of howardi has led to its being confounded with comstocM. This latter in- sect, occurring on the leaves of maples, is very much like howardi in many respects, but is curious for the median and second lobes having their tips on the same level (fig. 11), or the median lobes even being exceeded by the second. This character Fig. 11.— AnidiotUM honardi and A. , _ _ , . .. , . , eomttoeki (original). 1S found also in the tropical A. destructor, which, however, is an Aspidiotus s. str. The figure of co'mstocki given is from a specimen on sugar maple, Champaign, 111. A.juylans-rcgiwis certainly a very distinct form, its scales almost sug- gesting a Chry.sompholus. It seems to have been described from Europe SLSJuglandis, but I believe it is a native of America, more especially since it has a marked color variety (albus) found in New Mexico. HABITS OF THE SPECIES. It may be said that A.perniciosus mainly affects rosaceous trees and shrubs. It is quite bad upon garden roses. Fearing that some of the published records might not be reliable, I asked Dr. Howard for a list of the food plants on which the scale had actually been seen at the 17 Division of Entomology. Here is the list as given : Apple, crab apple, quince, pear, Bartlett pear, dwarf Duchesse pear, plum, Japan plum, Satsuina plum, Prunuspissardi, Primus maritima, peach, apricot, almond, cherry, Kocky Mountain dwarf cherry, currant, black currant, Citrus trifoliata (this should have been albopunctatus), Osage orange, grape, elm, cottonwood, European linden, American chestnut, Pyrus japonica, Catalpa bignonioides, walnut, Japan walnut, loquat, red dogwood, june- berry, rose, sumac, Photinia glauea (does this refer to andromelas ?), Carolina poplar. Thus the habitat on rosaceous plants is confirmed. As to the excep- tions, too much stress should not -be laid upon them, unless, perchance, some indicate the beginning of a new race, such as dlbopunetatus. I do not find the scale to infest the Osage orange nor the grape .vines in the Mesilla Valley, even when they are grown abundantly in the vicinity of scaly orchards. So far as we know, A. forbcsi has similar food habits, but A. ancy I us is different. This last is especially a maple species, and will flourish also on Populus, Quercus, etc.; it does not seem to take very kindly to fruit trees as a general rule. A. ancylus also does well (probably best) in the transition zone, whereas A. perniciosus belongs to the upper Austral. As to the time of hatching, I have not statistics for the various species. At Las duces, N. Mex., I found A. perniciosus to begin pro- ducing young as early as April 26. A somewhat later date is given for other localities. The manner of attack is different, more or less, in the various species under discussion. A. ancylus, on fruit trees, will be found upon the smaller branches, but in my experience more or less scattered, rarely in any great quantity. A. perniciosus is found largely upon the branches, becoming very abundant, covering and killing them. On the young shoots the reddening effect is very marked, though ancylus will also produce reddening. A. forbcsi, as seen on apple trees in Mesilla, occurs largely under loose bark on the trunk, wintering there in numbers, and only invades the branches in limited quantity. Thus, there may be quite a lot of forbcsi on a tree without its being noticed. A. juglans- regiw occurs on the trunk and twigs, more or less scattered, or in little groups. 10742— No. 6 2 ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES OF ASPIDIOTUS. ASPIDIOTUS Bouche". Palaearctic. A. (Aspidiotus .9. str.) abietis Schr. — 9 scale dark gray, margin lighter, exuviae covered. $ with three pairs of Lobes, plated divided at ends, ventral grouped glands present. <$ orange, with the thoracic hand very dark. Europe and N. Y. A. pint Coinst. is the same species. A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) afflnis Targ. — 9 scale circular, with central exuvi;e ; 6 lobes; scale-like plates; grouped glands present. On Ruscus acuhatm. Italy. A. (Diaspidiotus) betulae Baer. — 9 scale plumbeous, with an orange spot indicating the place of the covered exuvisB. The scale is much like that of A. anvylus. On bark'of birch in Europe. Said to occur in New Jersey. A. (Aspidiotus a. str.?) caldem Targ. — 9 scale thin, circular, pellucid, white; exuviae central; median lobes very large; grouped glands wanting. $ scale ellip- tical. < >n Daphne. A. (Aspidiotus x.str.) ceratoniae Sign. — Allied to neHi, but differs in the $ , which has the thoracic band almost invisible, etc. On Ceratonia at Nice. A. (Aspidiotus s. sir.) erics Boisd. — Kescmbles nerii, On Erica mediterranea in France. (Nomen seminudum.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) denticulatus Targ. — 9 scale thin, transparent ; grouped glands wanting. On Rubia peregrina. Italy. A. (Aspidiotus 8. str.) genistae Westw. — On Genista. Similar to A. nerii. (Nomen seminudum.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) gnidii Sign. — On Daphne gnidium. Similar to A. nerii. (Nomen seminudum.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) hederae Vail. — 9 scale yellowish-brown, exuviae central and yellow. 9 with 0 lobes. On ivy, holly, and box. A. (Diaspidiotus) hippocastani Sign. — 9 scale circular, blackish, exuvia> central and yellow. 9 with the median lobes large; groujied glands present. On horse- chestnut. A. (Diaspidiotus?) ilicis Sign. — 9 scale grayish-yellow, exuvia> nearly marginal; grouped glands four in number. On Quereusilex. Franco. (Fssai, 18(59, p. 123.) A. (Diaspidiotus) juglandis Colv. — 9 scale small, reddish, almost always isolated ; i. e., not massed. 9 with two pairs of lobes, the median ones much the largest; four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 8 to 12, caudolaterals 6 to 9; a single orifice marking the median group. The rows of dorsal glands, four in number, are very well marked; the first of 3 or 4, the second of 7 or 8, the third of 22 to 24, and the fourth of 16 to 18. Found in Catalonia, NE. Spain. I think this is the same as A. juglans-regias / both were published in 1881. I do not know which has priority. This is not A. juglandis Fitch, 1856, which is MijtUaspis pomorum. A. {Aspidiotus s. str.) lentisci Sign. — 9 scale yellowish-brown; allied to nerii. S.France and Algeria. A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) minimus Leon. — 9 scale suboval. 9 yellow, very large median lobes, a smaller second pair, no groups of ventral glands. The small 9 scales, less than a mm. diam., are found on the leaves of Quercus ilex. Portici, Italy. (Riv. Pat. Veget., IV, 350.) 18 19 A. (Diaspidiotus) niger Sign. — 9 scale circular, black, exuviae yellow; two lobes; no grouped glands. On willow. France, (Essai, 1809, p. 130.) A. (Aspidiotus 8. sir.) oleae Colv. — On the olive in Spain, producing yellow spots on the fruit at the points attacked. Through the kindness of Dr. Howard I have been able to see the "Gaceta Agricola del Ministerio de Fomento," Vol. XIV, No. 2 (1880), containing ColveVs description. The insect is said to most resemble A. nerii, ceratonice, and villosus, and we are told how these three differ from it, without any direct statement of its specific characters. It seems to be nearest to nerii, differing only in the J . It is worth while to remark that in the same paper there is described a Diaspis olece Colv., which has escaped the notice of coccidologists. This may not be a Diaspis, as the 9 scale has a black spot in the middle marking the exuviae, and $ scale is dirty gray. The 9 itself is of an intense mulberry color. A. (Subtj. f) oleastri Colv. — Description not seen. Described in "Xuevos Fstndios sobre algunos insectos de la familia de los Coccidos." (Valencia, 1882.) A. (Diaspidiotus) ostreaeformis Curt. — 9 scale, similar to that of A. ancylus. 9 with four lobes, the median pair much the largest. Western Europe. A. pari Licht., is the same. See Douglas, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIII, 239; Morgan, Fnt. Mo. Mag., XXV, 350. It occurs on apple, plum, cherry, and Calluna vulgaris. Also on peach at Isleworth, England (G. M. Fenn.). I found English specimens of this species to be attacked by a fungus similar to that which destroys American species of Diaspidiotus. I have seen it from Alameda, Cal. (Div. Ent., 351k.) A. (Diaspidiotus) oxyacanthae Sign. — 9 scale blackish-gray, exuviae yellow; median lobes large ; grouped glands present. On Crataegus oxyaeantha. A. (Diasjjidiotus) patavinus Berl. — 9 scale oval, fuscous or fuliginous, exuvke not central, length of scale nearly 1A mm. 9 much as in A. spurcatus or J. vitis, median lobes large and broad, second lobes low, separated by a wide interval from first, plates serrate, four or five groups of ventral glands. On bark of cherry. Italy. (Riv. Pat. Veget., IV, 350.) A. (Targionia) sigaoreti Comst. — 9 scale black, very convex, exuviae central. On Cineraria maritima. France. (Sign., Essai, 1870. p. 106; Comst., Cornell Rep., 1883, p. 82.) Targionia nigra Sign, is the same. A. (Diaspidiotus) spurcatus Sign. — 9 scale blackish-brown, exuviae yellow. Grouped glands present. On poplar. France. Essai, 1869, p. 138. A variety on l'la- tanus orientalis in Italy. (Berl. and Leon., Cherm. Ital., Ease. 1.) A. (Diaspidiotus) tiliae Sign. — 9 scale gray; only two lobes; grouped glands present, lateral groups of 9 or 10, median group of 7 or 8. This species is probably widely distributed in Central Europe; Dr. M. llollruug has a reference to it in his Halle Bulletin of 1891. A. (Diaspidiotus) villosus Targ. — 9 scale circular, grayish, depressed, exuviae not central. 9 with two lobes; groups of ventral glands of about 3 each. On leaves of olive. A. (Diasjndiotus) vitis Sign. — 9 scale dark gray, exuviae more or less covered; when rubbed the exuviae are brilliant black. 9 with only two lobes. On litis, near Nice; on raisins from Algiers. A. (Diaspidiotus) zonatus Frauenf. — 9 scales gray or even nearly black, exuvia* red- dish-yellow. 9 with two pairs of lobes; grouped glands usually absent, but once reported as present by Morgan. The 9 scales occur upon the branches, the $ scales upon the leaves, of oak. Widely distributed in Europe. A. quercus Sign., is the same. See Morgan, Ent. Mo. Mag., XXIV, 207, and XXV, 120 ; and Xewstead, Eut. Mo^Mag., N. S.; IV. 279. 1893. Morgan figures the J. 20 Japanese. A. (Diaspidiotns) andromelas Cfldl. — Resembles A. perniciosus ; exuviae of male scale wholly black, without any light dot and ring. On " Phatenia glauca" — I find no such name in the Index Kewensis. A. (Pseudaonidia) duplex Ckll. — $ scale subcircular, moderately convex, dark black- ish brown; exuvhe nearly at the side, orange. 9 with very large median lobes, and three other pairs of very small lobes; plates scale-like; four large groups of ventral glands, and two orifices representing the median group; lattice-work pattern as in A. their. Japan. On camellia, orange, camphor, azalea, tea, Olea fragrans, etc. On azalea in Washington, I). C. (Div. Eat.) A. (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus var. albopunctatus Ckll. — J1 scale with the pale dot and ring very distinct. Japan. On orange. Also found by Mr. Craw on plum from Japan. A. (Odontitis) secretus Ckll. — 9 scale white, shiny; exuviae exposed, shiny, rather large, very pale yellow, placed rather to one side. 9 when adult with a sin- gle (median) lobe, as is the ease also with A. miilobis; two elongated groups of ventral glands, with 80 to 90 orifices in each. On bamboo in Japan; on Arundinaria in Ceylon. (Green, Coccidse of Ceylon, p. 47, PL XV.) Nearctic. A. (Diaspidiotus) aesculi Johns. — 9 scale about 2\ mm. diam., dirty gray, exuvia? cov- ered, orange-red when rubbed. 9 yellow, only one pair of lobes, plates simple, spines prominent; four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 5 to 17, cau- dolaterals 1 to 11. On bark of AEnculus calij arnica. California. (Ijull. 111. Lab. N. II., IV. 387.) A. (Diaxpidiotus) ancylus Pntn. — 9 scale nearly circular; exaviffi sublateral, reddish when the covering film is removed. The 9 has ventral grouped glands. On ash. maple, beech, linden, oak, osage orange, peach, hackberry, bladder nut, and water locust. Iowa, New York, etc. Putnam, in Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc, .1877, p. 321, says the scale is usually of a light drab color, which certainly does not accord with what we commonly know as ancylus. However, he proba- bly examined old scales, which eventually become pallid; and from the rest of his writings on the insect there can hardly be any doubt as to what was intended. He refers to the eggs. A.(Z/eM(/;(r/rAi' 4n*3tl©v{ (original). The 9 '« contain embryos, which even after boiling remain sepia brown. A dried 9 is oval, orange, with prominences on the margin. $ scale small, elongate, mytiliform, white, with the elongate first skin projecting at the small end, like a Mytilispis. Yuma, Ariz. (Div. Ent., 7502, coll. by H. G. Hubbard). This carious species is for the present left in Aspidiotus, because it seems to have points in common with the Indian A. nioorei, Green. Pseudodiaspis will, however, no doubt eventually be regarded as a distinct genus, on account of the mytiliform $ scale and other characters. A. (Metanaspis) obscarus Comst. — 9 scale very dark gray, only slightly convex; exuviae sublateral, covered; diameter of scale 3 mm.; $ scale oval. 9 with three pairs of well-developed lobes; 5 groups of ventral glands. On willow-oak at Washington, D. C. A 22 A. (Chry8omphalu8) perseae Comst. — 9 scale circular, flat; exuviae nearly central and covered; outer part of scale dark reddish-brown, that covering exuviae from dark gray to black; diaui. of scale from 11 to 2 mm. Has a general resem- blance to A. ficus. 9 with 4 groups of ventral glands. On Per sea carolinensis, Florida. Mexico, on cocoanut palm. A. (Xeroj>hi1asj)is) prosopidis Ckll. — 9 scale about I mm. diam., slightly convex, cir- cular to very broad pyriforni. pitch-black, with large uncovered exuvia>, which may be slightly greenish or brownish. 9 with four small lobes, no groups of ventral glands; a cephalic protuberance after the manner of personatus. Near Phcenix, Ariz., on I'rosojiis. A. (Chrysomphalus) smilacis Comst. — 9 scale circular; exuviae central; color brown to very dark gray: exuviae marked by a white dot and ring. No grouped glands; :; pairs of lobes, median smallest, second and third pairs notched. On Smilax at Woods Holl, Mass. A. Chrysomphalus) tenebricosus Comst. — 9 scale very dark gray; the protuberance indicating the position of the exuviae marked by ;i white dot and concentric ring, but smooth and black in rubbed specimens. The scale is very convex, diam. 11 mm. $ scale oval. On deer rubrum : Washington, 1). C. A. (Diaspidiotus) townsendi Ckll. — 9 scale 1A mm. diam., circular or slightly oval, quite Hat, thin, grayish-white; exuviae covered, pale orange. 9 orange ; 2 pairs of rounded lobes, (bur groups of ventral glands, i ephalolaterals 1 to 8, caudolat- erals 5. On leaves of some tree. Coahnila, Mexico. (Bull. 4, Tech. Ser., Div. Knt., p. 32.) A. (Hemiberlesia) ulmi Johns. — 9 scale quite convex, whitish, exuviae orange-yellow. 9 lemon-yellow, only one pair of lobes, no groups of ventral glands. On trunk of (Intus americana at Urbana, 111. Although Johnson found no ventral grouped glands, he alludes to eggs. ( Diaspidiotus) uvae Comst. — 9 scale flat, nearly circular, light yellow-brown; exu- viae bright yellow, covered with a white secretion. $ scale elongated. 9 with second and third pairs of lobes obsolete; grouped glands present. On grape- vines, Indiana, etc.: on hickory in Florida. A. meuaketli, CM|. (su^tj. "moraa.^tUo/3 Fio. li.—Aspidiottu mask-ill! (original). Sandwich Islands. (Morganella, n. subg.) maskelli Ckll. n. sp. (Fig. 14.) — 9 scale 1 mm. diam., tolerably convex, circular to broad oval, pitch-black; exuviae concolorous, very incon- spicuous, placed toward the side. 9 with no groups of ventral glands. Differs from ./. longi8pinus by the contiguous lobes, the tirst pair of spines short, three following pairs very long, and thirteen strongly serrated and divided plates on each side of the lobes. It is evidently what Maskell recorded as A. loiuji- spina in Trans. N. /. Inst., xxvii, 38. Div. Knt. (><)*(>, "on Ohia tree, from W. S. Wait, Kailua, N. Kona. Hawaii, 23 Dec, 18!)3." The subg. Morganella (after the describer of one of the species) will be known by the closely adjacent or contiguous median lobes, which are long aud slender, the absence of other lobes, the anal oritice at base of lobes, and especially the very long spines. 23 Neotropical. A. (Selenaspidus) articulatus Morg.— 9 scale very flat, grayish-white, appearing orange or rufous in the middle, mainly from the insect showing through. The scale looks like that of J. aurantii, but if it is lifted up, the flat orange 9, with a deep constriction between the cephalothorax and the abdomen, is easily seen with a hand lens sufficiently for identification. It occurs on the leaves of palms and on a variety of other plants. West Indies, Demerara, Mexico, and lately reported by Xewstead from Lagos, W. Africa. (Ent. Mo. Mag., xxv, 352.) A. (Chrysomphahts) biformis Ckll. — 9 scale about 2 mm. diam., very dark brown, circular to broadly oval, depressed, granulose; exuviae nipple-like, dark red- brown, placed to one side of center. $ scale elongate. 9 with three pairs of lobes. On orchids. Jamaica and Triuidad. Also from Central America ; the specimens showing four groups of ventral glands, rather scattered, cephalo- laterals 4 or 5, caudolaterals 5. var. cattleyae Ckll. — Exuviae black. On Catthya bowringiana. Jamaica. (Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548.) var. odontoglossi Ckll. — Exuviae pale, black when rubbed. On Odontoglossum grande. .Jamaica. (Gard. Chron., May 6, 1893, p. 548.) A. (ChrysompbaJus) bowreyi Ckll — 9 scales crowded on the plant, elongate, gray, with the blackish exuviae toward one end. 9 with three pairs of lobes, none very prominent, margin serrate beyond the lobes; four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals about 7, caudolaterals about 8. On Agave rigida. Jamaica. (Ent. News, 1894, p. 59.) A. (Hemiberlesia) crawii Ckll. — 9 scale about 2 mm. diam., circular, moderately con- vex, dull reddish-gray, rather pale ; exuviaB nearly marginal, concolorous, incon- spicuous, except the first skin, which is marked by a little shining yellowish prominence. Scales largely covered by the red-brown epidermis. Removed from the twig they leave a conspicuous white mark. 9 similar to cydonicv ; four groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals -4, cephalolaterals 5. On twigs of grapevine from Mexico, found by Mr. Alex. Craw in the course of his quarantine work. The passenger who brought the plants said they were sarsaparilla, but Mr. Craw thinks it is grapevine, and I am of the same opinion. A (Chrysomphalus) dictyospermi Morg. — 9 scale grayish-white, depressed, oval, exu- viae central, light yellow, center of larval skin dark orange. 9 with three pairs of lobes ; a conspicuous pair of long, serrated plates luterad of third lobe. On Dictyo8pervium album. Demerara. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1889. p. 352.) There are four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 3 or 4, caudolaterals 2. It occurs as a hothouse species in the United States, var. arecae Xewst. — 9 scale more circular, deeper colored, with a nipple-like prominence surrounded by a depression, beyond which is a strong circular ridge. On Arera triandra. Demerara. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1*93, p. 185.) var. jamaicensis Ckll. — 9 scale more circular, red-brown, no conspicuous central depression or ridge. Jamaica. On Cycas and rose. A. (Diaspidiotus) diffinis Xewst. — 9 scale convex, slightly elongate, grayish-brown, exuviaj covered, brown when rubbed. 9 with three pairs of lobes, plates and ventral grouped glands wanting. Demerara. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893, p. 186.) var. lateralis Ckll. — 9 with distinct plates*. Jamaica, on Jasminum. This is very near to pnniciv, but the scale is brownish-white to brown, with the exu- viae away from the center, and the groups of ventral glands seem to be absent. A. (Chrysompbalus) ficus Ashm. — 9 scale circular, 2 mm. diam., black or blackish, with the covered exuvia* reddish or orange. 9 with three pairs of well- developed lobes and four groups of ventral glands. On Ficus nitida and Citrus. Elorida, Cuba, Mexico, Australia, Ceylon, Egypt. It lives on a great variety of plants. Mr. Pettit sent it to me from the Shaw Botanic Garden, St. Louis, on Laurus virginiana. It is common in the West Indies. Mr. Hy. Tryon states 24 that he bought in Brisbane some imported American apples which had numerous A.Jicus on the rind; but did lie perhaps mistake the species? Its food plants at Brisbane he says are orange, MyrtushiUii, camphor laurel, Atlantic buxijolia, and Ga8taneo8permum. A. (.ispidioltis 8. 8/r.f) hartii Ckll. — 9 scale subcircular to oval, about 1$ mm. diam., moderately convex, dull brownish-gray, with a Blight purplish tint (sacchari is similar), exnviae shining pale straw-color. 9 with two pairs of well-developed lobes, branched plates, live groups of ventral glands. On yam tubers. Trini- dad. W.I. var. lintii Ckll. — Median lobes entire, as in Jiarlii; no groups of ventral glands. Trinidad. The median lobes of sacchari, which this resembles, are very dis- tinctly notched. A. (». subg. f) latastei Ckll. — 9 Bcale about 1| mm. diam., circular, strongly convex, concentrically ridged, white, with the covered ]>ale orange exuviae to one side. 9 with median lobes large, wide apart, second small, third almost obsolete; four groups of ventral glands, of 5 each. Chile. A. (Morganella) longispinus Morg. — 9 scale dark, convex, less than a mm. broad; exnviae central, covered, inconspicuous. 9 with only one pair of lobes, these long, notched without; long simple plates, and very long spines. On Cupania sapida. Demerara. (Ent. Mo. Mag.. XXV, 352.) A. (Ckrysomphalut | mangiferae Ckll. — 9 scale circular, Battened, with central, covered, nipple-like CXUVifB, which are reddish. Median lobes largest, second pair nearly as large, third pair small, fourth rudimentary; a pair of very largo spine-like plates in the region of 3rd and 4th lobes. On leaves of mango. Jamaica. (Journ. Inst. .Jamaica, i, 255. I A. (Chry8omphalu8) miir.osae Comst. — 9 Bcale resembling that <>f teneibrico8U8 ; very dark' gray, convex, exuvisB covered, its position marked by a white dot and ring. .'! pairs of lobes; no group of ventral glands. On Mimosa; Tampico, Mexico. (2nd Cornell Rep., L883, p. G2.) A. (Mvlanaspis) nigropunctatus Ckll. — Much like A. obsciirus. 9 scale 3 mm. diam., dirty gray: exuviae Bublateral, pitch-black, with a narrow reddish margin: at first covered by a film of whitish secretion. 9 with live groups of ventral glands, cephalolater.il- 16 <>r more, caudolaterals 10 or 11, median 7 or X. On 11 trueno," San Luis Potosi, Mexico. (Bull. 1. Tech. Ser.. Div. Ent., p. 31.) A. (Ifcniihvrh's'm) palmae Morg. & Ckll. — 9 scale much like that of rapax. 9 differ- ing by the distinct though small second and third lobes, median lobes wider apart, plates longer and much branched at tips, 1 groups of ventral glands. On cocoanut and banana, and rarely on other plants. West Indies. A. i Mijci 'aspis :) personatus Comst. — 9 scale very small and convex, circular, dark gray or black. No groups of ventral glands. West Indies. A. (Dia8pidiotii8) punicae Ckll. — 9 scale circular or nearly so, white, first skin shin- ing metallic. 9 orange, median lobes large and prominent, second pair small, third rudimentary: grouped glands present, i dull yellow. On pomegran- ate in Jamaica; on cocoanut in Dominica. (Journ. Inst. Jamaica, i, 255.) A variety of this on a palm at the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. (Div. Ent., 0982), has broader lobes and a Hatter scale. It appears to be identi- cal with the form found by Mr. Barber on cocoanut in Dominica. This is a good deal like the Ceyloncse form, which Green calls A. cydonice; and wb He j)ttflica? and cy (Ionia seem sufficiently distinct, with the var. of punicce and the Ceylonese eydonia there is formed a sufficiently continuous series to call for further investigation. Whatever may be the final result as to the status of the species concerned, the interesting fact remains that here we have Diaapidiotvs running completely into Hemiberlesia as it passes southward. Another related species is A. greenii. A. (Chiff8omphalu8) reniformis Ckll.— 9 scale circular, diam. 2 mm., flat, pale reddish- brown; exuviae concolorous or slightly darker, covered, but both skins very 25 distinctly visible, large, laterad of the middle; first skin when nibbed shin- ing coppery. 9 reniform, with four very low, broad, inconspicuous lobes, 4 groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 8, caudolaterals 4 to 7. Tehuantepec City, Mexico Collected by Prof. Townsend. A. (A8pidiotu8 s. str. f) racchari Ckll. — 9 scale white, becoming grayish, more or less oval, first skin brown, second orange. $ scale elongate. 9 very pale yel- lowish, with a slight pink tinge; median lobes rather large, 2nd pair smaller, 3rd rudimentary. On sugar cane, Jamaica. (Journ. Inst. Jamaica, i,255.) A. (Chrysomphalus) scutiformis Ckll. — 9 scale superficially rather like A. Jicus, but large, very flat, with large orange exuviae, not nipple-like. The scales are occasionally nearly white. 9 very much like persece. On Citrus, etc., Mexico. A. (Hemiberleshi) tricolor Ckll. — 9 scale If mm. diameter, approximately circular, very little convex, white with a brownish stain ; exuviae central or sublateral, covered by a film of secretion; first skin black or dark brown, second skin deep orange. 9 with only a single pair of lobes, these large; no groups of ventral glands. Allied to ulmi and rapax. Salina Cruz, Mexico. Collected by Prof. Townsend. A. (Chrysomphalus f) yuccae Ckll. — 9 scale oval, dirty whitish ; exuviae covered, incon- spicuous, pale brown; when rubbed becoming very conspicuous, dark brown or black. 9 with three pairs of lobes, only the median well developed. On Yucca. Coahuila, Mexico. (Bull. 1, Tech. Ser., Div. Ent., p. 32.) Fiji Islands. A. (subg. nor. f ) vitiensis Mask. — 9 scale grayish white, occurring thickly massed; exuviae snbcentral, yellow. 9 with very large, widely apart, median lobes, and others smaller; four conspicuous forked plates; four groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals about 15, cephalolaterals 6 to 10. On various forest trees. (N. Z. Trans., xxvii, 40.) New Zealand. (Most of the New Zealand and Australian species seem not to fit well in the subgenera of the Northern Hemisphere It will be necessary to make a special study of them before they can be classified subgenerically.) A. (subg. f ) atherospermae Mask. — 9 scale circular, flat, brown; exuviae forming a lighter protuberance in center. 9 light yellow ; several lobes, the two median pairs largest; scale like serrated plates; four groups of ventral glands. The $ scale is oval. On Atherosperma. New Zealand. (N. Z. Trans., xi, 198.) A. (Aspidiotus s. sir. ?) carpodeti Mask. — 9 scale usually light brown but rather vari able, convex, circular; exuviae central. 9 with large median lobes, second pair much smaller; four groups of ventral glands. $ scale narrow, with parallel sides. On Cafpodetus and Vitex. (N. Z. Trans., xvii, 21.) A. (subg. t) corokiae Mask: — 9 scale circular, slightly convex, yellow or (rarely) white; exuviae central, yellow. 9 with no distinct groups of ventral glands. On Corolla. (N. Z. Trans., xxiii, 2.) A. (subg. t) dysoxyli Mask. — 9 scale circular, somewhat convex, brown. 9 bright yellow; six lobes, of which only the median two are conspicuous; four groups of ventral glauds. $ scale oval. On Dysoxylon spectabile. (N. Z. Trans., xi, 198.) A. (subg?) sophorae Mask. — 9 scale nearly circular, flat, bluish gray. 9 greenish- yellow; median lobes conspicuous, plates as in went, five (sometimes four) groups of ventral glands. J scale oval. On Sophora teiraptera. (N. Z. Trans., xvi, 121.) 26 Australia. A.(subg.f) acaciae Morg. — 2 scale circular, convex; exuvia^ central, orange-yellow; diam. of .scale about 1 mm. 2 with one pair of lobes, no groups of ventral glands. On Acacia pycnantk*. Tasmania. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 1889, p. 353.) Has- kell reports it on Eucalyptus from Xew South Wales, var. propinquus Mask. — Exuviae deeper red. $ scale elliptical, white. $ dark red. On Acacia and Hakea Maligna, New South Wales. (N. Z. Trans., xxv, 205.) A. (subg. t) bossieae Mask. — o scale circular, convex, dirty white to yellow, sometimes dark brown, soft and woolly looking ; exuviae central, very small and incon- spicuous, yellow. 9 dark brown, with two rounded lobes, and a second pair rudimentary; no groups of ventral glands. On Bossiea procumbens. (N. Z. Trans., xxiv, 11.) A. {subg. f) casuarinae Mask. — 9 scale dark yellowish-brown, circular, rather convex; exuviae yellow. 9 yellow, (J lobes, no groups of ventral glands. $ scale elongated. < »n Casuarina equiseUfolia. | \. /. Trans., xxvi, 66.) A., (subg./) ceratus Mask. — 2 scale snow wbite, circular, convex, usually oc- curring massed; exuviae central, faintly yellow, with a white cover- ing. 9 orange, two lobes only, with a pair of club-shaped processes arising from their inner bases; no groups of ventral glands; a peculiar widely bifid plate on the margin some dis- tance from each lobe. On Acacia stenophylla. | X. /. Trans.,xxvii, 39.) Fig. 15— Aspidiotus rosti (original). K. (Chrysomphalus) cladii Mask. — 9 scale rich dark brown, the margin orange- red, and the central exuviae dark yellow, g scale elongated. 2 wit li no groups of ventral glands. On Cladium. (N. Z. Trans., xxiii, 3.) On aloe in Natal, as well as various localities in Australia, where it occurs on Xerotes and I.ep'ulo- sperma as well as (Indium. A. (8kIxi. /) eucalypti Mask. — 9 scab; circular, slightly convex, dirty white; exuviae central, verj inconspicuous. 9 with large median lobes; no groups of ventral glands, but rows of pores along the margins of the hindmost segments; a deep constriction behind the cephalothorax. after the manner of articulatus. £ scale narrow, elongated] exuviae terminal, as in Diaapis. On Eucalyptus. (Tr. Roy. Soc. S. Australia for 1888.) var. comatus Mask. — Distinguished by the nonincised lobes and the longer hairs in couples. Found on Eucalyptus viminalis. (N.Z. Trans., xxviii, 385.) A. (Chentraspis.) extensus Mask. — 9 scale dirty yellow or brown, convex, first skin black. 9 dark brown, writh a single pair of contiguous lobes, after the manner of Ckionaspis minor; no groups of ventral glands. £ dark browTu. I >n Eucalyptus capitellata. (X. Z. Trans., xxvii, 41.; A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) fimbriatus Mask. — 9 scale circular, flat, very thin, first skin uncovered. 9 yellow, three pairs of lobes, scale-like plates; four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals and caudolaterals each of about 10 to 14. On Eugenia smitkii. (X. Z. Trans., xxv, 208.) Described as a doubtful Diaspis, on account of the elongated form of the 9 . A. (Chrysomphalus) fodiens Mask. — 9 scale circular, slightly convex, grayish or reddish-brown; exuvhe central, bright orange, forming a slight boss, often covered with a thin grayish coating. 9 orange, 6 lobes, scale-like serrated plates; 4 groups of ventral glands, not over 5 orifices in a group. Very near to cladii, hut smaller. On Acacia. (N. Z. Trans., xxiv.) 27 A. (Phatdaspis) hakeaeMask.— $ scale circular, slightly convex, grayish- white ; exuviae dark orange, central. 9 orange-yellow, no lobes in adult, but four lobes in second stage; no groups of ventral glands. $ dark red. Related to A. acacke. On Hakea. (N. Z. Trans., xxviii, 384.) A. (Chrysomphalus) rossi Mask— Fig 15. — 9 scale normally circular, very slightly con- vex, deep dull brown, almost black ; exuviae central, small, forming a little boss which is sometimes yellowish. 9 with 6 lobes ; 4 groups of ventral glands, not over 8 orifices in a group. On oleander, Eucalyptus, Ricinocarpus, etc. Also in Ceylon, on Capparis. (N. Z. Trans., xxiv, 11.) A. (Aspidiotus s. sir.) subrubescens Mask. — 9 scale reddish-brown, subcircular, flat; exuviae central, forming a small slightly elevated boss. $ scale white. 9 with 6 lobes, and serrated plates ; four groups of ventral glands. On Eucalyp- tus (N. Z. Trans., xxiv, 9) ; on Pittosporum from Australia (Div. Ent., No. 7399). A. (Chentraspis) unilobis Mask. — 9 scale whitish, but usually blackened by fungus growth, circular, slightly convex; exuvire central, orange. 9 dark orange, with a single, median, lobe, after the manner of Chionaspis quercus; no groups of ventral glands. On Acacia. (N. Z. Trans., xxvii, 40.) A. (subg.f) virescens Mask. — 9 scale subcircular, flat, grayish-white; exuviae eubcen- tral, first skin distinctly green, second greenish in middle and yellowish on border. 9 yellow with a greenish tinge; six lobes, not close together; ser- rated scale-like plates; 4 groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals of 17 to 21, caudolaterals 8 to 13. On Eugenia smithii. (Tr. N, Z. Inst., xxviii, 384.) Oriental. A. (Mycetaspis f) artocarpi Green. — 9 scale less than 1 mm. diam., blackish, very con- vex; first skin exposed, central, dark brown with a pale reddish margin. Scale leaving a white scar surrounded by a blaik ring, after the manner of personatus. 9 deeply constricted between cephalothorax and abdomen, four pairs of tooth like lobes, no plates, no grouped ventral glands. On leaves of Artocarpus intcgrij'olius. Bombay. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 189(5, p. 200.) A. (Aspidiotus, s. str.) excisus Green. — 9 scale convex, of irregular outline, thin, semi- transparent, whitish or very pale oehreous : exuviae yellow, approximately cen- tral. 9 with the median lobes sunk in a deep, squarely cut recess, an exag- geration of the condition in A. destructor ; four groups of ventral glands, cepha- lolaterals 8 to 15, caudolaterals 7 to 9. On leaves of Cyanotis pilosa. Ceylon. A. (Diaspidiolus) greenii Ckll. — See fig. 7. This is founded on the supposed cyano- phylli found by Green on Cycas at Kandy, Ceylon, specimens having been kindly sent by Mr. Green." A. (n. subg.) inusitatus Green. — 9 scale very large, flattish, becoming elongated, even to 11 mm. long, brownish white or brownish fulvous: exuviae yellow, more or less concealed. 9 with no lobes, and no grouped ventral glands. On bamboo. Ceylon. (Coccid* of Ceylon, p. 4$.) I have not examined specimens of this i * Since writing the above I have examined specimens of an Aspidiotus oncocoanut palms from Mazatlan, Mexico, forwarded by Mr. Alex. Craw. These are evidently Greens supposed typical cyanophylli, but they are allied to Diaspidiotus, having the incisions between the lobes very well marked. The glands in the groups are few, eephalolaterals 4 or 5, caudolaterals 3. After studying these insects, I begin to feel less sure regarding cyanophylli than I had been. They certainly may be the insect described by Signoret, notwithstanding certain discrepancies. They also agree excel- lently with Comstock's cyanophylli, except that Comstock not only fails to figure the incisions, but in his table places the species in the section without them. If the examination of Signoret's types eventually proves that the present insect really is cyanophylli, then the name greenii will have to be confined to the variety from Cycas, on which it is primarily based. But in the meanwhile, I should prefer to include the Mazatlan insect under greenii. The species is probably of neotropical origin. 28 curious species ; perhaps Mr. Green will propose a subgeneric (or generic) name for it. A. (n. snbg.) moorai Green — $ scale 2$ mm. diam., rugose and colored like the bark on which' -it rests; exuviae reddish-brown. 9 reddish-brown, skin entirely chitinous, body divided by deep constrictions into three subequal parts, three pairs of lobes, plates apparently absent, no grouped ventral glands; long chi- tinous processes arising from the first interlobular interval, but none in the second or beyond. On bark of Grislea tomentosa. Madras. (Hut. Mo. Mag., 1896, p. 199.) A. (Cryptophyllaspis) occultus Green. — 9 pale yellow; no groups of ventral glands. In minute gulls on leaves on (Ircu-'m oHentalis. Ceylon. The reader should refer to Green's "Coccidae of Ceylon." p. 41, and PI. XI. for an account of this very remarkable insect. A. (subg.f) orientalis Newst. — 9 scale about 1\ mm. diam., brownish-yellow or straw color; exuviae covered by a nipple-like prominence which is darker than the rest. 9 with three pairs of lobes, plates simple and hair-like;, four groups of ventral glands of about ."> each. Madras. (Ind. Mns. notes, iii, 6.) A. {Diaspidiotus) o.bocki-e Green. — '"Allied to nerii," hut scale opaque, brownish, and marginal fringe of 9 different. <>n steins of Osbcckla. Ceylon. The excel- lent figures in Green's work show that this species really belongs with Diaspi- diotus, and therefore is only superficially like nerii. The median lobes arc fairly wide apart, and the second lobes well trilobed; there are four groups of ventral glands, and a single orifice representing the fifth group. A. {Aspidiotus 8. str.) putearins Green. — 9 scale round. Hat, or slightly concave "form- ing an operculum to the pit-like depression in which the insect rests;" color very pale brownish ochreous, semiopaque; exuviae central, pale yellow. 9 without grouped ventral glands. On Slrobilanthes. Ceylon. This insect is of interest as showing the fust stage toward gall formation, the advanced or completed stage of the same process being exhibited in the extraordinary ./. occultus. The Australian A. fodiens, belonging to a different group, forms pits in the leaves of Acacia,\)ni no gall- inhabiting Aspidiotus is yet known from Australia. A. ( Pseudaonidia ) theie Mask. — 2 scales clustered thickly on twigs, as nearly circular as their numbers and position will permit, slightly convex, light brown, with a very thin coat of white secretion; exuvisB yellow, very small, near the mar- gin. 9 brown; four lobes, the second pair smaller; 1 large groups of ventral glands. On tea plant. India. The insect has a patch of "lattice work" on doisal surface of 9 , after the manner of Ischnaspis. This is not A. then Green, "Insect posts" (1890), p. 13, which consists of female Howardia biclavis, with the J of some other species, apparently a Chionaspis. A. {Aspidiotus s. str.) transparens Green.— There are four groups of ventral glands, cephalolaterals 6 to 11, caudolaterals 1 to 6. Ceylon, on tea, etc., now referred by Green to latonice, but very likely distinct. A. {Pseudaonidia) trilob'tiformis Green. — 9 scale broad and flat, opaque, reddish- brown. 9 with the segments strongly marked, a deep transverse groove behind the cephalic portion; hind portion with a well-marked reticulated patch. On leaves of Da I bergia. Ceylon. Mr. Green says of this: "Very closely allied to (possibly only a variety of) A. them Maskell." I do not think the affinity is so very close, though they have some striking features in common. I think duplex is closer to thecB. Ethiopian. A. (subfj.?) macda'usXewst.— 9 scale pure white, rather thick; exuvise black, forming a large, conspicuous, central spot. 9 with two pairs of lobes, median minute, rounded, second pair greatly elongated, plates well developed, no groups of ventral glands. Lagos. (Ent. Mo. Mag., 189G, p. 133.) 29 Patria Incerta. A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) alo83 Boisd. — 9 scale white; exuviae central and yellow. Median lobes large; grouped glands present. Allied to nerii. On Aloe umbellataf Europe. (Signoret, Essai, 1869, p. 114). A. (Aonidiella) airantii Mask.— 9 scale light gray, but appearing orange or reddish from the insect showing through ; exuviae marked by a nipple-like prominence. 9 reniform, three pairs of lobes, no groups of ventral glands. On Citrus trees in California, Australia, and the western Mediterranean region. On lignum- vitae principally, never on Citrus, in Jamaica. A variety on Podocarpus in Japan, collected by Mr. Takahashi at Tokio. New Zealand, Fiji Is., Sandwich Is., Samoa, Tonga, Now Caledonia; on cocoa-nut in Central America; on Tax us in Italy; on Citrus japonica at the University of Arizona, sent by Prof. Tourney. var. citrinm Coquill. — A yellow variety. California; Japan. According to How- ard, this occurs on the leaves and fruit, never on the bark. See Insect Life, Feb., 1891, p. 228. Howard records three parasites from v. citrinus, all different from the three bred from typical aurantii. A. {Aspidiotus s. sir. ) buddleias Sign. — $ scale circular, white ; exuviae yellow. Ventral grouped glands present. On lluddleia salicina, hothouses of the Luxembourg. Maskell reports it on Acacia in New Zealand. A. (Aspidiotus 8. str.?) chamaeropsis Sign. — 9 scale elongated, transparent; exuviae yellow and to one side. Lobes terminated by long hairs; grouped glands present. On Chamarops australis. (Essai, 1>69, p. 118.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) cyanophylh Sign. — 9 scale circular, brownish yellow; exuviae central, bright yellow but covered by white secretion. Median lobes large; plates long and branched, 4 small groups of ventral glands, 3 to 5 in a group. On Cyanophyllum, Paris (Signoret) ; on Ficus, U. S. (Comstock, Cornell Rep. 1883, p. 59). On palm and Cycas in Ceylon, according to Green, but his insect is a different species, A. greenii, n. sp., at least so far as the form sent to me is concerned. A. ( A spidiotus s. str.) cycadcola Boisd. — 9 scale circular, white; exuviae central, yel- low; median lobes large; grouped glands present. $ with the thoracic baud large. On Cycas reroluta, Europe. (Signoret, Essai, 1869, p. 119). A. (Chrysomplialus) degeneratus Leon. — 9 scale greenish, convex, about 1^ mm. long. 9 pale yellow, three pairs of lobes; serrated plates; chitiuous processes at base of lobes hardly longer than the lobes; four groups of ventral glands, not over 4 in a group. On leaves of Camellia japonica. Italy. (Riv. Pat. Veget., IV, 345.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) destructor Sign. — 9 scale circular, Hat, yellowish or whitish; exuviae large, central. 9 with three pairs of lobes, or even a fourth clearly dis- tinguishable, and scale-like divided plates; the level of the tips of the median lobes below or at any rate not above that of the tips of second lobes. A. fallax Ckll. and cocotis Newst. are the same. On palms and various other plants. West Indies, Demerara, Bourbon, Marquesas Islands, Laccadive Islands. Distinguished at once from nerii, to which it is closely allied, by the larger exuviae and the short median lobes not extending beyond the tips of the second lobes. The var. fallax, on mango in Antigua, shows the four pairs of lobes. (See Ent. Mo. Mag.. March, 1894, p. 57.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) epidondri Bouche. — Resembles nerii, but differs in the $ . On Epidendrum, Europe. (Signoret, Essai, 1869, p. 121.) Maskell reports it on Acacia in New Zealand. A. (Aspidiotus s.str.f) kennedyae Boisd. — Resembles nerii. On Kennedya. (Nomen seminudum.) A. (Aspidiotus s. str.) lataniae Sign. — 9 scale a little elongated, clear yellow, trans- lucid at center; exuvhe large. Median lobes large; four groups of ventral glands. On Latania. A hothouse species in Europe. Green reports it from Ceylon, but it is not certain that his insect is the true latania). 30 A. (Chrysomphahts) minor Berl. — 9 scale brown, convex, very little over 1 mm. dlam. 9 yellow, three pairs of lobes, serrated plates; a couple of long plates laterad of third lobe, after the manner of dictyospermi; four small groups of ventral glands, not over 1 to a group. On leaves of Pandanus, in hort. Italy. (Kiv. Pat. Veget., IV, 340.) This seems to me to be identical with A. dictyospermi var. jamaicensis ; if not, it is at least extremely close to it. A. (Aspidiotus s.str.) myrsinae Sign. — Allied to nerii. On Myrsina ret usa in the hot- houses of the Luxembourg. A. (Aspidiotits s.str.) nerii Bouche*. — 9 scale flat, whitish; exuviae exposed, central or nearly so, dull orange yellow. 9 with three pairs of lobes, scale-like plates ; lour groups of ventral glands, caudolaterals about 7, eephalolaterals about 9. On oleander, Melia, Yucca, and a variety of other garden plants, very widely distributed, bat not universal; very rare in the West Indies, only once found, viz: On olive in the Botanic Gardens, Grenada. Elsewhere in the neotropical region. Lataste found it at Santiago, Chili, while it occurs in several localities in Mexico. It is common enough in the United states. Berlese appears to have demonstrated what was before suspected, that nerii is but a variety of A. hedercp. var. limonii Sign. — 9 with the end of the abdomen more elongated, and the plates larger, than in the type. Pound on lemons in Europe. Also in the Sandwich Islands. (Essai, 1869, p. 125.) A. (Asjndiotus 8. str.) palmarum Bouch6. — 9 scale white, circular; exuviae reddish- yellow. Grouped glands present. On palms. Europe. (Nomen seminudum.) A. {subg. t ) pandani Sign. — 2 scale blackish-brown, center whitish. Grouped glands present. On Pandanus utUis. (Essai, 1869, p. 131.) A. (Diaspidiotus) perniciosus Comst. — United States (Ala., Ariz., Cal., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Iud., La.. Mass., Md., X..I.. N. V., N. M., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Va., Wash- ington, \Y. Va.), British Columbia, Australia, Sandwich Islands. (For full particulars see Bull. 3, n. s., Div. Ent. The San Jose scale; by L. <). Howard and C. L. Marlatt.) A species perhaps allied to perniciosus, but possibly new, was found by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend on Fraxinus at Brownsville, Texas. The scales were attacked by some parasite, and it proved impossible to satisfactorily describe or figure the species. The scale is more convex than perniciosus, the exuviae are dark; the median lobes are quite elongated. A. (Aspidiotus s.str.t) phormii de Breme. — 9scalo white, circular; exuviae central. On Phormium ienox in Switzerland. (Sign ore t, Essai, 1869, p. 130.) A. (Hemibtrlesio) rapax Comst. — 9 scale convex, gray, appearing yellowish from tho contained insect; exuvhe toward one side, marked by a dark brown or black spot. 9 xvith one pair of large lobes; branched plates; no groups of ventral glands. On various trees, etc. ; nearly cosmopolitan. A. {Chrysomphalus) sphaerioides Ckll. — 9 scale circular, rather over 1 mm. diam. ; moderately convex; dark reddish-brown, with the part covering the exuvhe indicated by a pale raised ring; when rubbed the exuviae appear shining black. 9 with three pairs of lobes; tive groups of ventral glands, caudolat- erals, 3; eephalolaterals, 4; median, 3. Said to be on New Zealand ilax. Louisiana. A. (Aspidiotus 8.str.) spinosus Comst. — 9 scale circular, very light brown or dirty white; exuvhe central and covered. 4 groups of ventral glands, of not over 6 each; median lobes prominent; plates more or less notched ; spines large. On camellia. Washington, D. C. A. (Aspidiotu8 s. 8tr.) vriesciae Sign. — Allied to nerii; scale more elongated, yellowish gray. On Vriescia splendens. A. (?) osmanthi Vallot, 1829, a white scale with central exuviae, found on Oleafra- grans, is at beat a nomen seminudum. 31 POSTSCRIPT. Since this Bulletin went to press I have received an interesting note from Dr. G. Leonardi, to whom I had communicated some of my views by letter. One of the subgenera which I had proposed, having for its type A. seeretus, proved to be identical with a new genus (Odonaspis) of Dr. Leonardi's. I therefore adopt his name and suppress my own; though it is to be remarked that if Odonaspis is from odovs-d(T7riS it is equivalent to Odontaspis, preoccupied by Agassiz. Dr. Leonardi goes on to say that he would refer Melanaspis to Chrysomphalus, Xerophilas- pis to Targionia, and Gryptophyllaspis and Selenaspidm to Aspidiotus, s. str., in which they will represent sections. The change of Aspidites to Hemiberlesia is assented to, and the generic value of Chrysomphalus and Aonidiella is maintained. At the same time Dr. Leonardi has published (liiv. Pat. Veget., 1897) a preliminary classification of Aspir diotus, dividing it into the following groups, which are all regarded as genera: Aspidiotus, Aspidites, Chrysomphalus, Aonidiella, Targionia, Odonaspis, Chentrasjris, Phaulaspis — the last three new — and with Aonidia added. I can not at all agree with this classification, which throws into the same genus (Aonidiella) such diverse species as A. aurantii, pemiciosus, and mimosa', while it places pernieiosus nudaneylus in separate genera! However, it is intended only as a preliminary state- ment, and no doubt the author will greatly improve it in his detailed publication and explain away some of the apparent difficulties. Technical Series No. 7. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. REVISION OF THE TACHINIM OF AMERICA XORTII OF MEXICO. FAMILY OF PABASITIC TWO WINGED INSECTS. BY D. W. COQUILLETT. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1897. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. I United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Washington, I). C., June 2, 1897. Sir : I have the lioiior to suomit for publication the seventh of the technical series of bulletins of this Division. It has been prepared by Mr. D. W. Coquillett, of the office force, and consists of a revision of the species of the parasitic flies belonging to the family Tachinidse, which occur in the United States and Canada. The desirability of such a revision of these economically important flies has been apparent to all workers in economic as well' as systematic entomology for many years. They are among the most important enemies of many of our most injurious insects, and their characters are so obscure that workers have had the greatest difficulty in separating one species from another, and the result is that the literature of economic entomology in par- ticular contains many wrong determinations and absolute misstate- ments based upon such erroneous names. During the last eighteen years many species of Tachinidse have been reared at this oflice from injurious insects which were being studied. It has been heretofore impossible to record the results of these roarings, on account of the confusion which existed in this family, and in its original conception this study of the group was undertaken in order to enable us to record the results of this biologic work. The records are now given in the shape of two tables — one of parasites and hosts and the other of hosts and parasites — and a glance at these tables will be instantly convin- cing as to the important and beneficial role which these insects play. With the clear and systematic diagnoses of the genera and species which Mr. Coquillett has prepared, any economic entomologist should be able to determine just what species of Tachina flies are assisting him in his work against injurious insects. Kespectfully, L. O. Howard, Entomologist. Hon James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 3 CONTENTS. Pago. Nature and scope of the work 7 Habits of the family 7 Tachinid flies and their hosts 9 Parasites and their hosts 9 Hosts and their parasites 22 Classification 27 Terms used in describing Tachinidae 29 Table of genera 30 Systematic arrangement of the genera 40 Synopses of the species 42 Index to genera and species t 149 5 REVISION OF THE TACHIXID.E OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO. NATURE AND SCOPE OF THE WORK. The present paper is the result of several years' study, and is based upon the large series of specimens contained in the National Museum collection, mainly received from this office, supplemented by those in my own and those received for study and identification from various correspondents, among whom may be mentioned: Mr. C. W. Johnson, Dr. Garry deX. Hough, Mrs. A. T. Slosson, Dr. W. A. Xason. Mr. Charles Robertson, Mr. Theodore Pergande, Mr. F. H. Chittenden, Prof. H. E. Weed. Mr. R. W. Doane, and L'Abbe Begin. The series in the National Museum collection is especially valuable, containing as it does a large number of bred specimens, which, more than anything else, enables us to correctly judge of the extent to which the various specimens of the same species will vary among themselves. This col- lection also contains a duplicate set of a series of specimens sent to Brauer and Bergenstamm, of Vienna, Austria, in exchange for a named series of European forms, and the latter have been very val- uable for comparison with our own genera and species. These authors returned names, principally generic, of the series sent to them, and in the following pages I have indicated these identifications as "mi litt." Mr. C. II. T. Townsend kindly sent to the Museum cotypes of many of his new species, and Mr. Charles Kobertson generously donated specimens from the same series as those from which Mr. Townsend described several of his new forms. The region covered by this paper includes all of this country north of Mexico, but does not take in any of the West Indies. When the faunas of these two regions have been carefully compared with our own, many additional species will no doubt be found to inhabit two or even all of these regions. HABITS OF THE FAMILY. Among the fifty odd families into which the Diptera of this country have been divided, the Tachinidse is by far the most beneficial, judged from the standpoint of an agriculturist. The only other family that at all competes with it for this honor is the Syrphidae; but in this family 8 only a comparatively small number of genera are directly beneficial by preying upon plant lice, and even in this respect their services could in most instances be dispensed with, since, as a general rule, the plant- lice are held in check by the larvae of ladybirds assisted by several kinds of internal parasites belonging to the hymenopterous families Braconidae, Cynipidae, and Chalcididae. So far as at present known the Tachinidae prey upon living insects only, and by far the greater number of these are the leaf-eating cater- pillars of butterflies and moths, a group that contains a large number of our most injurious insects: and the numbers of these destroyed in a single season by these parasites is almost beyond computation. Unlike the parasitic Hymenoptera, each species of which as a rule confines its attacks to a single group which in some cases is restricted to one genus, it not infrequently happens that the same species of Tachina fly attacks several different families of insects, while quite a number are known to attack two and even three different orders of insects — Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera. and Coleoptera. This has been observed notonly in our own country but also in Europe. At present, only live different orders of insects — the three above mentioned and the ( hthoptera and Hemiptera — are known to be attacked by the Tachinidae in this country, but in Europe several cases are reported of their also attacking Diptera of the family Tipulidae. The Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera are preyed upon in their pre- paratory stages only, whereas it is usually only the adults of the Orthoptera, Hemiptera. and Coleoptera that are attacked. The tachinid eggs are attached by a viscid substance to the surface of the host, and the full grown larvae usually enter the earth to pass through their transformations. Hie larva- are of the usual maggot form, large and truncated at one end and tapering to a point in the opposite direction. Pupation takes place in the hardened skin of the larva, which assumes a nearly cylindrical form with rounded ends, and is known as a puparium. In issuing, the adult fly breaks away the entire end of the puparium. It was formerly supposed that any caterpillar upon which one of these flies had fastened an egg was doomed to certain destruction, but actual observation has shown that this is not always the case, since in many instances the caterpillar, by molting or casting off" its skin, rids itself of the egg before the latter has hatched out and the young larva made its way into the body of the caterpillar. In this respect the parasitism of these insects is not so certain as is the case with those hymenopterous parasites which puncture the body of their victim and deposit the egg within. In regard to the possession and exercising of that faculty commonly termed instinct, the Tachina Hies appear to be far behind the parasitic Hymenoptera. The latter seem to be able to ascertain by a touch of their antenna1 whether or not an insect has already been parasitized, and only rarely insert an egg in the body of an insect that already contains an egg or larva of a parasite t nor has one of them been known to consign a greater nuinbei of eggs to an insect than the number of larvae which that insect can maintain. On the contrary, a Tachina fly has repeatedly been known to attach to a caterpillar three or four times as many eggs as the number of larvae the caterpillar can maintain. Owing to this fact, a great many tachinid larvae must neces- sarily perish for want of food, while several which have barely had a sufficient quantity to keep them alive will be considerably dwarfed in size, as compared to their more fortunate brothers, and thus it will sometimes happen that some of the adult flies will be only one-half, and in rare instances even only one-third, as long as others which were the progeny of the same parent. Certain systematic writers, who have had no experience in rearing these Hies, lay great stress on a difference in size as indicative of a distinct species; but our breeding records have abundantly demonstrated the fact that one specimen may be fully three times as long as an other and yet both belong to one and the same species. TACHINID FLIES AND THEIR. HOSTS. The following is a list of the Tachina flies that have been bred by this Division, together with the hosts from which they were bred. By far the greater number of these were reared in the department insec- tary, in charge of Mr. Theo. Pergande. A few additional species, speci- mens of which have been studied by the writer, are included in this list. Of the published records, only those are included where the flies have been bred from other hosts than those from which this Division and its correspondents have reared them; such species are indicated by asterisks (*) in addition to the names of the persons who reared them and to the published references. A few of the breeding records, which are evidently erroneous, are preceded by a mark of interrogation ("?). The list is in two parts, arranged alphabetically: I. — Parasites and their hosts. Parasites. I fas I insects. Acemyia dentata Coq Chortophaua viridifasciata DeG. Bred by T. Per- gande Jnue 26, 1877, from an adult collected Juno 11 at St. Louis, Mo. Admoutia demvlus Walk Lophyrus abbotii Leach. Issued June 24, 1882, from a larva collected by E. A. Schwarz, in Mary- land. Lophyrus lecontei Fitch. Issued May 6, 1886, from a larva collected by T. Pergande in Virginia, October 19, 1885. Admontia retiniae Coq Retinia sp. Bred April 17, 1888, by A. Koebele, Alameda, Cal., from a caterpillar found in a bud on Pinus ins'ujnis. Am obi a distincta Town Acronycta dactylina Grote. Issued March 24, 1884, from a caterpillar collected by A. Koebele at Holderuess, N, II., September 26, 1883. 10 Aphria ocypterata Town Carneades messoria Ilarr. Bred by C. A'. Piper, Pullman, Wash. Archytas analis Fabr * Clisiocampa californica Stretch. (Gillette, Trans. Araer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 70.) Archytas aterrima Desr Acronycta occidentalis a. & li. Issued Augusl L3, 1883, from a chrysalis collected July 10 by A. Koebele in Virginia. Acronycta ovata Grole. Issued May 13, 1880, from a caterpillar received from J. G. Barlow, Cadet, Mo. Cerura sp. Bred by O. Lugger April 11, 1874,from a caterpillar received from G. W. Letterman, October 12, 1873. Lagoa crispata Facie. Issued June 5, 1885, from a cocoon received October 22, 1884, from .). M. Shaf- fer, Keokuk, Iowa. Another issued February 15, 1890, from a cocoon collected in Washington, !>.('., in September, 1889. Belvosia bifasciata Fabr Citheronia regalia lahr. Issued July 17, 1873, and June 24, 1881. Dryocampa rubicunda Fabr. Bred August 1">, 1872, by 0. Lugger, at St. Louis, Mo., from a caterpillar collected July 3. Hemileuca sp. Bred in 1889 by A. Koebele, from a caterpillar found at Lancaster, Cal. Belvosia unifasciata Detv Leucania nnipuncta Harr. Bred in L896 by M. V. Slingerland, at [thaca, N. Y. Biomyia georgiae Br. $• Berg Calosoma calidum Fabr. Bred by A. F. Burgess June 28, 1896, from a beetle found Jnne 6 at Am- herst, Mass. Calosoma peregrinator Guer. Bred by the writer June '_'.">, 1888, ;it Los Angeles, Cal.; the tacbinid puparia were found in a dead beetle .June 17. Blepharipeza adnata Lone Arachnis picta Pack. Clisiocampa constricta Stretch. Bred in January and February, 1891, by A. Koebele from caterpil- lar- collected at St. Helena, Cal. Clisiocampa thoracica stretch. Bred in 1890, by A. Koebele, from caterpillars collected at Glen Ellen, Cal. Ilalisidota edwardsii Pack. Bred by the writer at Los Angeles, Cal. Leucarctia acra-a Drury. (II. Edwards, in Loew's Dipt. Amer. sept, indig., Cent. X, No. 07.) Brachycoma davidsoni Coq Bombus fervidus Fabr. Bred by Dr. A. Davidson, Los Angeles, Cal. ; the tachinid larvae fed on those of the Bombus. Celatoria diabrotica- Shimcr Diabrotica 12-punctata Oliv. Issued August 3, 1889, from adult beetles collected by T. Pergande in Washington, D. C. Diabrotica soror Lcc. Bred by the writer July 5, 1888, at Los Angeles, Cal.; the tacbinkl larva issued from an adult beetle June 21. Another issued August 15 and was changed to ally August 28. Other flies issued August 29 and 31. Also bred in June, 1889, by A. Koebele from an adult collected in Santa Clara County, Cal. 11 Celatoria diabroticae Shimer Diabrotica vittata Fab. Bred July 21 and August 5, 1897, by F. H. Chittenden from an adult col- lected at Brookland, Md. Chsetogsedia crebra v. d. W Agrotis sp. Bred July 11, 1888, by the writer from a caterpillar found June 2 at Los Angeles, Cal. Taeniocampa rufula Crotc. Bred July 29, 1888, by the writer from a caterpillar found June 9 at Los Angeles, Cal. Clnetogredia monticola B'ujot Carneades sp. Bred by W. G. Wait, Kailua, N. Kona, Hawaii. Peridroma saucia Hueb. Issued June 14, 1895, from a chrysalis received May 13 from William Chap- pelow, Monrovia, Cal. Pyrameis cardui Linn. Bred by the writer at Los Angeles, Cal. Cistogaster immaculata .Macg -,--*( ?)Leucania unipuncta Haw. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 466.) Cryptomeigenia theutis Wall:.. .Lachnosterna inversa Horn. Issued March 23, 1893, from an adult beetle collected by T. Pergande, in May, 1892, at Washington. 1). C. Echinomyia algens Wied *Hadena lignicolor Guen. (Gillette, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 70.) Epigrimyia floridensis Town Plodia sp. Bred by T. D. A. Cockerell, Mesilla, N. Mex. Euphorocera claripennis Macg.-Acronycta hamamelis C.uen. Issued August 8, 1882, from a caterpillar collected July 23, by A. Koe- bele, in Virginia. Agraulis vanilhe Linn. Bred September 12, 1893, by Dr. A. Davidson, Los Angeles, Cal. Aletia argillacea Hueb. Issued August 11, 1879. Anisota senatoria S. etober 6, 1896, from a caterpillar found August 10, ou cabbage, by H. M. Simons, Charleston, S. ( . *Thecla autolycus Edw. (Belfrage, in Scudder's Butterflies of New England^ Vol. III. p. 1921.J 15 Exorista pyste Walk Tortricid. Issued June 26, 1889, from a caterpillar found June 21, on a cedar tree "by H. T. Fuchs, Tiger Mills, Tex. Exorista vulgaris Fall * Pieris rap* Linn. (Lintner, Can. Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 164.) * Pyrausta penitalis Grote. (Forbes, Pysche, June, 1893, p. 467.) Frontina alethe Riley Aletia argillacea Hueb. Issued November 23, 1878. Also bred August 21 to 31, 1880, by H. G. Hub- bard, at Centerville, Fla. Cerura sp. Bred by A. Koebele from a caterpillar found on willow at Los Angeles, Cal. Dasylopha anguina S. $ A. Bred by E. Burgess, Beverly, Mass. Hallsidota maculata Harr. Bred in February, March, and April, 1889, by the writer at Los Angeles, Cal. Halisidota tessellata S. . Issued May 28, 1875, from a caterpillar found on a birch tree. Dissosteir a Carolina Linn. Three were bred April 22, 1874, by <>. Lugger, from adults collected at St. Louis, Mo., the previous year. Dryocampa rubicunda Fdbr. Issued June 30, 1896, from a caterpillar collected by F. C. Pratt, July 11, 1895, at Lakeland, Md. Euchaetes egle Drury. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 107.) Heliot his armiger Hueb. I Ivpen liiria io Fdbr. Bred October 11, L879, by (J. II. French, Carbondale, 111. Hypsoropha liormos Hueb. Issued July L8 and 23, 1884. Ichthyura inclusa Hueb. Bred March 11, 1875, by O. Lugger, from a caterpillar collected at St. Louis, Mo., the previous year. Also bred in 1889 by F. M. AVebster, Lafayette, Iud. Issued July 27, 1X93, from a cocoon received July 18. Orgyia leucostigma S. §" A. Issued in July, 1896, from caterpillars collected at Washington, I>. C. Papilio turnus Linn. (Scudder, Lutterflies of New Lnglaud, Vol. Ill, p. 1923.) 17 Frontiua frenchii Will Pyralid. Issued April 28 and May 8, 1883, from cat- erpillars found October 20, 1882, on an alder tree in Virginia by A. Koebele. *Pyranieis cardui Linn. Bred by F. M. Webster; Townsend in lift. * Scbizura anicornis S. <$• A. (F. A. Marhitt, Psyche, December, 1891, p. 187.) Smerinthus cerisyi Kirby. Bred by A. Koebele, in 1887, from a caterpillar found at St. Helena, Cal. Telea polyphemus Cram. Issued November 15, 1882, and May 3, 1884. Also bred by S. Baldy, Catawissa, Pa. Frontina irrequieta Walk Papilio thoas Linn. Issued February 23, 1880, from a chrysalis received January 27 from Prof. J. H. Comstock, Jacksonville, Fla. Frontina violenta Walk Philampelus vitis Linn. Bred October 8, 1884, by T. Pergande, at Washington, D. C. 'Vanessa antiopa Linn. (Riley, in Scuclder's But- terflies of New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1924.) Gonia capitata DeG Hadena devastatrix Brace. Bred July 29, 1890, by C. P. Gillette, Amos, Iowa. Eaphygma frugiperda S. § A. Bred in 1880 by Eyne Starling, Sunnyside. Ark. Peridroma saucia II neb. Issued June 14, 1895, from a caterpillar received May 13 from Win. Chappe- low, Monrovia, Cal. Hilarella fulvicornis Coq Acridiidid. Issued March 4, 1884, from a puparium found among locust eggs at Boscowen, N. H., September 14, 1883, by A. Koebele. 1 1 vphantrophaga hyphantriae Town * Eucaterva variaria (irote. (Townsend, Psyche, April. 1892, p. 258.) Hyphantria cunea Drury. Bred by C. H. T. Town- send, September 1, 1891, at Bas Cruces, X. Mex. "Vanessa milberti Codt. (Gillette, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 75.) Hypostena barbata Coq Coptocycla clavata Fahr. Bred from a larva, in July, 1897, by W. (J. Johnson, College, Md. Disonycha xanthomekena Dalm. Bred June 26, 1897, by F. II. Chittenden, from an adult beetle collected at Washington, J). C. Hypostena rlorideusis Town Blastobasis nubilella ZeU. Issued June 26, 1895. Schizocera ebena Xort. Issued August 19 and Sep- tember 19, 23, and 27, 1887, from larvae received August 18 from ('. Werckle, Ocean Springs, Miss. Hypostena tortricis Coq Tortricid. Bred August 15, 1890, by the writer from a caterpillar found July 26 in a nest of leaves on Solan um douglasi at Bos Angeles, Cal. Hypostena variabilis Cqq Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. Pyrausta penitalis Grote. Issued August 15, 1883, from a caterpillar collected August 1, by A. Koe- bele, in Washington, D. V. Tenthredinid. Issued May 27, 1884, from a larva found on an alder tree; also August 20, 1896, from a larva found on Jponuva pandnyatq in Mis- souri, 8359— So, 7 2 Jurinia metal lica Pesr Ecpantheria scribonia Stoll. Bred June 10, 1880, by Dr. Turner, Fort George, Fla. Leskiomiina tenera Wied Pyralid. Issued July 3, 1885, from a caterpillar found by T. Pergande, May 30, on a fern in Vir- ginia. Linmemyia eomta Fall Agrotis ypsilon llott. Bred July 19, 1887, by the writer from a caterpillar received June 7 from Mrs. M. Stafford, Napa County, Cal.; the tachinid larva issued J uly 1. Carneades messoria Harr. Bred by C. V. Piper, Pullman, Wash. Maequartia pristis Walk Halisidota argentata Pack. Issued June 2, 1893, from a caterpillar received May is from A. Koe- bele, Aurora Mills, < >reg. * Limacodes sp. (Comstock, Psyche, June!, 1*92, p. 275.) Masicera eutitchia» Town "Fulitchia ribearia Fitch. (Gillette, Trans. Aiuer. Tut. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 287.) Hyphantria cunea Drury. (Forbes. Psyche, June, L893, p. 467.) Masicera myoidsea Desv \r/ama obliquata G. <\- /.'. Issued May 12 and 13, 1SS2, and June 21, 1884. Hy.hu ria nitela Cncn. Issued July 26, 1890, from a caterpillar received July 2.~> from F. A. Brown, Everel i . Mass. Masicera t»-nt h red inid a r n m Town Tenthrcdinid. (Harrington, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 280./ Microphthalma disjuueta Wied.. Lachnosterna arcuata Smith. Issued Octobei 15, 1891, from a puparium found in the skin of a larva August 12, by T. Pergande, at Washington, D. C. Myiophasia ;cnea Hied Balaninus nasicus Say. Issued July 22. 1895. Chalcodermus sp. Bred by II. A. Morgan, Baton Rouge, La. Conotrachelus juglandis Lee, Issued July 16, 1886, from a larva found by T. Pergande in Washington. Also June 29 and 30, 1X9(>, from a larva received June 2 from J. (i. Barlow, Cadet, Mo. ( .'iLeucania unipuncta Haw. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 467.) Sphenophorus parvulua Gyll. (Forbes, lo<: cit.) Myiophasia robusta Coq Sphenophorus robustus Horn. Bred in October, 1886, by A. Koebele, from a larva found at Los Angeles, Cal. Ocypteia Carolina- Deso Acridiidid. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 466.) ( F)Leucania unipuncta Haw. (Forbes, loc. cit., p. 166.) Pacbyophthalmus Qoridensis Town Isodonta elegans Sm. Bred by Dr. A. Davidson, Los Angeles, Cal. I'elopauis cementarius Drury. Bred by the writer in October, 1891, 14 specimens from a nest found November 11. 1890, near Rincon, Cal. Also bred July 28, 1892, by Dr. A. Davidson from the nest, of a burrowing wasp at Los Angeles, Cal. Issued July 27, 1897, from a nest received that day from A. Oemler, Wilmington Island, Ga. 19 Path yopli thalmus 11 oridensi s Town * Trypoxylon politum Say. (Webster, Bull. Ohio Exper. Station, Technical Series, Vol. I, No. 3, p. 158.) Pachyophthalmus signatus Meig . Pelopseus cementarius Drury. Bred by II. Gr. Bub- bard, August 14, from a nest collected at Center- ville, Fla. Trypoxylon sp. Bred .Inly X, 1896, by E. A. Schwarz, from a nest found at Berkeley, W. Va. Panzeria penitalis Coq Pyrausta penitalis Grote. Bred June 1, 1876, by Dr. Riley, at St. Louis, Mo., from a caterpillar col- lected the previous year. Also bred May 15, 1885, by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood, Mo. Panzeria radicum 1'abr llyphantria cunea Drury. Bred April 13, 1874, by O. Lugger, at St. Louis, Mo., from a cocoon found October 26,1873. Also issued from a caterpillar collected in Washington, D.C. Hyphantria sp. Issued March 26 and 30, 1896, from caterpillars collected August 18, 1805, ou a per- simmon tree at Riverview, Md., by T. Pergande. Phoricha-ta sequax Will * Noctua fennica Tauach. ( ( look, Notes on Injurious Insects, 1884.) Noctuid. Bred in duly, 1888, by A. Koebele, from a caterpillar collected at Summit, Cal. Phorocera comstocki Will * Lophyrus sp. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 467.) . Megathymas yucca- Bd.-Lec. Bred March 14, 1874, by O. Lugger, from a puparimn received from South Carolina. Issued March 21 and 26, 1892, from a caterpillar received from J. II. Mellichainp, Bin lit on, S.C. * Pyrausta penitalis Grote. (Forbes, Psyche, June, 1893, p. 467.) Phorocera doryphorae Eiley Doryphora 10-lineata Say. Issued July 30, 1897, from a larva collected by Frank Benton at Ber- wyn, Md. Vanessa antiopa Linn. Bred by Dr. Riley, at St. Louis, Mo. Phorocera leucaniae Coq Leucania unipuncta Haw. Issued June 4, 1896, from a caterpillar received May 1 from J. C. Mackey, Ripley, Tenn. Loxostege similalis Guen. Issued July 7 and 9, 1888, from caterpillars received from \Y. F. A vera, Cam- den, Ark. Phorocera parva Bigot Tortrix citrana Fern. Bred by the writer May 13, 1887, from a caterpillar collected April 28 at Los Angeles, Cal. Phorocera saundersii Will Argynnis cybele Vdbr. (Riley, in Scudder-s But- terflies of New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1922.) Phorocera tortricis Coq Tortricid. Bred by C. P. Gillette, from a caterpil- lar found on a cherry tree in Michigan. Plectops melissopodis Coq Melissopus latiferreana Wlshm. Issued July 19, 1892. Also bred July 20, 1893, by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, Kirk wood, Mo. Issued May 5, 21, 25, and 28, 1894, from caterpillars collected in April by T. Per- gande in AVashington, D. C. 20 Sturmia albifrona Walk Sturm dist-incta Wied. Pseudochseta argentifrous Coq ..Bonibycid. lived by the writer May 23, 24, and 30, L890, from a caterpillar found May 20 feeding <>n lichens on an apple tree at Santa Barbara, Cal. Pseudochseta pyralidis Coq Pyralid. Issued March 24, 1880, from a caterpillar found in a nest of leaves on an oak tree. Senotainia trilineata v. d. W ( ?) Leucania unipuncta Haw. (Forbes, Psyche) June, 1893, p. 467.) sphecius speciosns Drury. Issued August 7, 1890, from a nest found August 5, by T. Pergande, in Washington, D. C. Siphona plusiae Coq Plasia californica Speyer. Bred l>,v the writer July 2, 1892, at Los Angeles, Cal. ; the tachinid larva issued June 18 from a caterpillar collected June 17. Spallanzania hesperidarum Will, Ludamus t ityrus Jraln\ ( Harris, in Scudder's But- terflies of New England. Vol. HI. p. Ii»l7.) . . Ecpantheria scribonia SlolL Bred by H. G. Bub- bard, at ( entei \ ille, Ida. l.eiiearetia acra-a Drury. Bred June 25 ami July 2, 1881, by Dr. Riley, from a caterpillar received June 11 from A. 1'. Butler, Columbia. S. ('. Issued March 20 and 26, 1883, from a cocoon re- ceived March !' from Mrs. A. E. Bush, San Jose, Cal. Also bred by Mrs. \Y. Seliger, Hartford, Conn. Issued June It!, L885, from a cocoon re- ceived from Murphy Brothers, Paris, Tex. ..Protoparce celens Hueb, Bred June 1, 1880, by ( i. II. French, ( larbondale, ill. Protoparce jamaicensis Hull. Bred September 7, L889, by C. H. T. Townsend, Kingston. Jamaica, Sphingid. Issued May 11, L889, from a caterpillar found on an ash tree by G. II. Hathaway, rales- tine. Tex. Also November 21, 1893, from a cater- pillar received from the same source. . . Harrisina ainericana Harris. Issued < October 7, 1880. . . ( 'eratomia amyntor Hueb. Issued May 28 and 31, 1881. Ceratomia nndulosa Walk. Bred March 11, 1875, by Dr. Riley, at St. Louis, Mo., from a caterpillar collected the previous season. Also issued July 27 and 28, 1888. Deilephila lineata Fabr. Bred October 1, 18!)2, by H. A. Morgan, Baton Rouge, La. Ilemileuca maia Drury. Issued September 25. Philampelus achemon Drury. 1* specimens were bred from one chrysalis October L8, 1881, by Miss M. E. Murtfeldt, Kirkwood. Mo. Protoparce Carolina Linn. Bred May 17, 1880, by G. ii. French, Carbondale, 111. Also issued December 2X, 1891, from a chrysalis collected November 21, by Dr. Riley, in Colorado. Protoparce celeus Hueb. Bred in April, 1871, by Dr. Riley, at St. Louis, Mo. Protoparce cingulata Fabr. Issued January 20 and 27, 1882, from ;: chrysalis received December 17, 1881, from J. C. Neal, Archer, Fla, Sturmia harrisime Coq. . . Sturmia inquiuata v.d. If 21 Sturmia phyciodis Coq Phyciodes sp. Issued October 7, 1880, from a cater- pillar collected September 15, by T. Pergande, at Piney Point, Md. Sturm ia scbiznrap Cor Schizura ipomcese Doubl. Bred in May, 1895, by C. V. Piper, Pullman, AY ash. Tacbina mella J/u.A \eronyeta i>opuli Filey. Issued September 26 aud December 7, 1874. Arctia pbyllira Drury. Issued April 7, 1882, from a caterpillar collected March 15, by A. Koebele, at Arcber, Fla. ( 'lisiocampa disstria JIueh. (Harvey, Psycbe, May, 1891, p. 81.) (lisiocampa sp. Issued July 10, 1888, from a cater- pillar received from Evanston, Wyo. Also October 2, ISSN, from one received June 25, from T. D. A. Cockerel!, West Cliff, Colo. Bred by tbe writer from a caterpillar found on an oak tree near Los Angeles, Cal. Clisiocampa tboracica Stretch. Bred in 1890 by A- Koebele, from a caterpillar found at (den Ellen, Cal. Leucarctia acraea Drury. Bred July 6, 7, and 8, by F. F. Crevecoeur, Ona.ua. Kans. Orgyia leucostigma S. $ J. Issued September 16, 1895, from a cocoon collected September 7. at Washington, D. C. Also issued inJuly,1896, from caterpillars collected in the same locality. *Porthetriadispar£iww. (Pern aid. The Gypsy Moth, p. 387.) Pyrrh arctia isabell a S. §■ A. Issued June 14. Bred June 10. 1892. by W. Brodie, Toronto. Canada. Tacbina robusta Town Agrotis ypsilon Rott. Issued April 12. 1873. ('lisiocampa sp. Bred by A. Koebele from cater- pillars collected in Sonoma County, Cal. Tacbina rnstica Fall Tenthredinid. (Harrington, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc; Vol. XIX, p. 285.) Triehophora miscelli Coq Adisopbanes miscellus Grote. Bred in 1886, by A. Koebele, at bos Angeles, Cal. Tricbopoda pennipes Fabr Anasa tristis DeG. Issued September 12 and 13, L894, from an adult received from M. P. Barnard, Kennett Square, Pa. Tricbopoda plnmipes Fabr Dissosteira \ 'enusta Stal. Bred by A. Koebele, August 30, 1887, from an adult collected at St. Helena, Cal. Wintbemia 4-pustulata Fabr Alypia octomaculata Ilneb. Issued July 28, 1897, from a caterpillar received July 13 from ('. Gr. Griswold, Brooklyn, X. Y. Atticus cecropia Linn. Bred by Dr. Riley at St. Louis, Mo. Bombycid. Issued October 21, 1882, from a cater- pillar found on a birch tree. Datana ministra Drury. "Deilephila lineata Fabr. (Riley, Can. Entomolo- gist, Vol. XIX, p. 165. ) Feltia herilis Grote. Issued June 6, L895, from a caterpillar received May 8 from Spencer Merrill, Mine la Motte. Mo. 22 Winthemia 4-pustulata Fain- Halisidota tessellata S, , and April 14, 1S!H;. from caterpillars collected at Washington, D. C. Peridroma saucia Hueb. Issued .Tune 10, 1872. Protoparoe oeleus /Inch. Bred in April, 1871, by Dr. Riley, from a caterpillar collected the previous year at St. Louis, }Io. Telea polyphemus Cram. Issued May 29, 1882, from a caterpillar collected September 5, 1881, by B. P. Mann, in Washington, D. C. II. — H08T8 wo Their Parasites. [The breeding records are omitted in this pari of 1 In1 lisi .] Host insects. Parasites. HYMENOPTERA. Bombus fervidus Fabr Brachycoma davidsoni Coq. Bombns s]> Prontina frenchii Will. Isodonta elegans Smith Pachyophthalmua floridensis Town. Lophyms abbotii Leach Admontia demylns Walk, Lophyrus lecontei Fitch - Admontia demylus Walk. Lophyrus sp Euphorocera claripennis Macq. Exorista petiolata Coq. * Phorocera comstocki Will. Pelopseus cementarins Drnry Pachyophthalmus floridensis Town. Pachyophthalmus signatus Meig. Schizocera ebena Nori Hypostena floridensis Town. Spheciua speciosns Drury Senotainia trilineata v. )Ocyptera Carolina' Dear Phoroeera leucanise Coq. *(f)Senotainia trilineata v. d. W. Winthemia 4-pnstnlata Vahr. Lencarctia acrraa Drurjf 'Blepharipeza adnata Loew. Sturniia albifrons Walk. Tachina mella Walk. Lima codes sp *Macqnartia ]>iist is Walk. Loxoste<;e similalis Citen Exorista boarmise Coq. Phoroeera parva Bigot. Lycaena exilis Boisd Exorista con finis Fall. Lycaena psendargiolns lid. -I.cc. *Exorista confinia Fall. Lycsena sp Exorista confinia Fall. Maiiicstra trifolii Holt Enphorocera claripennis Maoq. Megathymns ynccse Hd.-I.ec :. . . Phoroeera comstocki Will. Melissopus latiferreana FP7«Am..Plectope meliaaopodia Coq. Mineola indiginella Zell Exoriata pyate Walk. N iaoniadea brizo Bd.-Lec 'Exoriata blanda 0. S. Noctua fennica Tausck * Phorichasta seqnax Will. Noctnid Phorichseta seqnax Will. CEdemaaia cone inn a 8. A- A Enphorocera claripennis Maoq. Omphalocera carioaa !.iptera. < Joleoptera, and Orthoptera, but not the Hemiptera ; the Phasi- mc and ( >cypterinae attack the Coleoptera, Orthoptera, and Hemiptera : the Gymnosominae attack the Hemiptera only, and the Phaninae theCole- optera. It will thus be seen that all of these subfamilies, with the excep- tion of the Gymnosominae, attack Coleoptera; that all except the Tachininae and Phaninae prey upon the Hemiptera; while the Tachininae is the only one known to attack the Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera. In point of numbers the Tachininae outnumber all of the other subfamilies put together by at least fifteen species to one. and to this fact alone is apparently due the greater diversity in regard to their hosts. The most recent attempt at a classification of the Tachinidae of the world is by limner and Bergenstamm, of Vienna, Austria. These authors, who are new workers in this field, had access to the types of most of the species described byMeigen, Wiedemann, Schiner, Kondani, Jaenuicke, and several by Macquart, and their figures and redescrip- tions of many of the species can not but prove to be great aids to future students of this group. In the first part of their work1 they threw together in one mass the live families: CEstridae, Tachinidae, Dexidae, Sarcophagidae, and Muscidae, and out of this chaotic mass they erected fifty-five families, which were duly given family names: but this classifi- cation did not prove satisfactory to the authors, so in the third or hoi part of their systematic work they again threw all the families into one and divided it into sixty groups, which they call sections. 'Published in the Denkschriften tier Mathematisoh-Naturwissenchaftlichen ('lasso der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften for L889. 29 So far as our own fauna is concerned, the species are too nearly related to one another, both structurally and also in regard to their habits, to permit of being separated into smaller groups with any degree of satisfaction. TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING TACHINID^E. Only a few terms employed in the present work will require an expla- nation, since in most cases the terms used in designating the various parts of the specimens are the same as those employed in the other departments of entomology. The term macrocJicetw is used to desig- nate the stout bristles which arise from a convex and usually polished base; ihey are regularly arranged in pairs, rows, or otherwise, and afford excellent specific and sometimes even generic characters. The frontal bristles are composed of two rows of such macrochaetae, which descend from the very top of the head to or below the insertion of the antenme. The ocellar bristles are composed of a pair of macrochaetae placed among the ocelli, but they are absent in several species. The orbital bristles are two or more pairs of forwardly directed macrochaetae, situated between the frontal bristles and the eyes; they are usually present in female specimens, and sometimes also in the males. Beneath the antenme is a cavity known as the facial depression, bounded on the sides by the facial rit of specific, much less of generic, value, the result is not altogether satis- factory, and I have therefore constructed an entirely new table, which, however, includes only those genera from America north of .Mexico of which I have examined representatives. A list of the remain- ing genera reported from this region is given at the end of the table. In some cases doubt will arise as to which section a given genus should be referred, but in such cases, at least so far as they occur to the writer, the genus is placed in both sections: 1. Abdomen provided with true macroohaetse 8. Abdomen destitute of macrochaetae, apical cell ending at or aear the extreme wing tip 2. 2. Upper side of abdomen very convex, abdomen subhemispherical, sides of face bare 3. Upper side of abdomen flat, or the abdomen elongated and cylindrical 4. 3. Antenna not reaching lower third of face (p. 12) Cistogaster, Antennae reaching lowest fifth of face, or even lower (p. 43) Grymnosoma, 1. Hind tibia- outwardly not cilia to with scales 5. Hind tibiae ciliate with nearly erect scales, sides of face bare. .(p. 47) Trichopoda. 5. Sides of face bare (i. Sides of face bristly, third and fourth veins almost equally converging toward their tips, which meet or almost meet each other (p. 1!)) Gymnophania. C. Proboscis at most slightly longer than the head, geniculate near the base onlv, antennae at most reaching slightly below middle of face, apical cell closed, the petiole at least twice as long as the small crossvein 7 Froboscis bristle like, almost as long as the body, geniculate near the base and also near the middle (p. 49) Eusiphona. 1 Vol. II, pp. 92 to 99; April 2, 1891. * Vol. XIX, pp. 134 to 141 ; June. 1892. "Fauna Austriaca, Diptera, Vol. I, pp. LXX to LXXI; 1K<;2. 4 Biologia Centrali-Amerieana, Diptera, Vol. II, pp. 5 to 7, and 11 to 44 ; 1888 and 1890. 31 7. Sides of front hairy except a narrow space along each eye (p. 44) Alophora. Sides of front bare except two or three rows of hairs along each side of the frontal vitta (p. 43) Phoranlha. 8. Palpi present, well developed 17. Palpi absent or rudimentary, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth, first vein bare 9. 9. Eyes bare, or with indistinct, short, sparse hairs 10. Eyes distinctly hairy, apical cell ending far before the wingtip, sides of face bare, upper edge of third an tcunal joint concave (p. 86) Linnami/ia. 10. Face on the sides bearing hairs or macrochaetse 11. Face on the sides bare 14. 11. Head at the vibrissa'- as long as at base of antenna", apical cell ending far before the extreme wingtip 12. Head at vibrissas much shorter than at base of antenna1, sides of face bare except the row of three or four macrochsetse on each; apical cell ending close to the extreme wingtip (p. 126) Atrophopalpus. 12. With one or more stout macroehsetae on each side of face near lower end of the eye 13. "Without such macrochaetae, body very robust (p. 145) Epalpus. 13. Each side of the face bearing one inacrochaeta, body slender, (p. 139) Trichophora. Each side bearing two or three macrochsetse, body robust (p. 140) Cuphocera. 14. Proboscis at most only slightly longer than height of head 15. Proboscis over twice as long as height of head, head at vibrissas longer than at base of antennae, apical cell ending close to the wingtip (p. 73) Bcskia. 15. Horizontal diameter of head at the vibrissa? as long as at base of antenna'. .. 16 Horizontal diameter of head at vibrissa' much shorter than at base of antenna', apical cell open, ending considerably before the extreme wingtip. . (p. 66) Ervia. 16. Apical cell open, ending at the extreme wingtip (p. 67) Apinops. Apical cell closed, its petiole longer than the small crossvein, ending far before the extreme wingtip (p. 86) Ocyptera. 17. First vein bare 30. First vein wholly or partly bristly, two or more pairs of frontal bristle below base of antenna', vibrissa' nearly on a level with front edge of oral margin, antennae reaching at least to lowest fifth of face 18. IX. Eyes bare or with indistinct short sparse hairs 20. Eves distinctly hairy, head at the vibrissa' noticeably shorter than at base of antenna', sides of face bare, apical cell open 19. 19. Facial ridges bristly on more than the lower half, third vein bearing from one to three bristles near its base (p. 65) Hypochceta. Facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth, third vein bristly more than halfway from base to the small crossvein (p. 90) Exoristoides. 20. Diameter of head at vibrissa' as long as at base of antenna' 26. Diameter of head at vibrissa' noticeably shorter than at base of antennae 21. 21. Tip of apical cell far before the extreme tip of wing 23. Tip of apical cell at or close to the extreme tip of wing 22. 22. Penultimate joint of arista over three times as long as broad, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fifth (p. 57) Plcctops. Penultimate joint of arista not, or only slightly, longer than broad, facial ridges bristly on at least the lower half (p. 59) Cluvtophleps. 23. Apical cell open 24. Apical cell closed and long petiolate (p. 126) Afetacha <:ta . 24. Sides of face destitute of rows of macrochaetae 25. Sides of face each bearing a row of macrochaetae which descends almost to the lower end of the eye , (p. 127) Cha-toplagia. 32 25. Bend of fourth vein furnished with a Long appendage, hind crossvein unusually oblique, lowest frontal bristles directed downward, proboscis thick, fleshy, labella large (p. 78) Playia. Bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage, hind crossvein nearly at right angles to the fourth vein (p. 118) Houghia. 20. Fourth vein ending at or (lose to the extreme tip of wing 27. Fourth vein ending less than halfway from tip of second vein to the extreme tip of wing, proboscis slender, labella very small, lowest frontal bristles directed upward (p. 78) Siphoplagia. 27. Third vein bristly at least almost to the small crossvein, proboscis at most only slightly longer than height of head 28. Third vein bristly on less than one-third of the distance from its base to the small crossvein. proboscis twice as long as height of head. .(p. 74) EpigHmyia. 28. Arista pubescent, the longest scarcely half as long as the greatest diameter of the arista 29. Arista bearing short hairs, the longest of which are slightly longer than its great- est diameter (p. 67 j Leskiomima. 29. 1'rontal \itta next the antennas nearly four times as wide as either side of the front, third vein never hristh to the small crossvein, scntelliim bearing only t wo pairs of long marginal macrocha-ta- (p. 5!)) La8ioneura. frontal \ittane\t the antenna' at most t w ice as wide as either side of the front, third vein bristly almost to it> tip. scutellum bearing three pairs of long mar- ginal raacrochaetae (p. 58) Acti<(. 30. Face on the lower half of its sides hare 79. Face bearing macroch.et.-e or brist ly hairs on at least a portion of the lower half of its sides 31. 31. Tip of apical cell far before the extreme t ip of wing 40. Tip of apical cell at or close to the extreme tip of wing, proboscis beyond the basal articulation at most only slightly longer than height of head 32. 32. Abdomen subopaque, partly or wholly covered with grayish pollen 33. Abdomen largely or wholly shining and destitute of pollen. .(p. 50) Myiophasia. 33. Eyes bare, or with indistinct, short, sparse hairs 34. Eyes distinctly hairy, antenna' as long as the face, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth (p. 52) lUtlasiona. 31. Frontal bristles to the Dumber of from one to three pairs beneath base of anten- na'; antenna- at least t hree- fourths as long as the face 37. Frontal bristles not descending beneath base of antenna- ; antenna- less than two- thirds as long as face, cheeks two-thirds as broad as eye-height. . (p. 51) I'hyto. 35, 36. (Omitted.) 37. First posterior cell open, or, if closed, short petiolate 38. First posterior cell closed and long petiolate, the petiole as long as the hind crossvein, third vein bristly almost to the small crossvein. .< (p. 51) Mauromyia. 38. Third vein never bristly on more than one- fourth of the distance from base to small crossvein, sides of face destitute of macrocha-ta- 39. Third vein bristly at least three-fourths of distance from base to the small cross- vein, sides of face bearing macrocha-ta' (P-52) Ceraiomyiella. 39. Face in profile strongly convex, orbital bristles usually present in both sexes, front tarsi of female generally dilated (p. 53) Admontia. Face in profile concave, orbital bristles wanting in the male, front tarsi slender in both sexes (p. 52) Cryptomeigcnia. 40. Eyes bare, or with indistinct short sparse hairs 49. Eyes distinctly hairy H« 41. Sides of face bearing stout macrochajtaj, at least near lower end of each eye.. 45. sides of face destitute of macrochietaj ------ • -- 42. ' 33 42. Macrochaetae of second segment of abdomen covering more than its apical half. 44. Macroch setae of second segment, when present, confined to the apical fifth of this segment 43. 43. Cheeks over one-third as broad as the eye-height (p. 50) Afyiophasia. Cheeks less than one-sixth as broad as the eye-height (p. 124) IVinthemia. 44. Third joint of the antennae almost straight on the front edge, the apex subtrun- cated (p. 145) Bombyliomyia. Third joint strongly convex on the front edge, the apex rounded, (p. 147) Jurinella. 45. Posterior end of hind crossvein nearer to the margin of the wing than to the small crossvein 46. Posterior end of hind crossvein at least twice as far from the margin of tho wing as from the small crossvein, third joint of antennas less than three times as long as the second (p. 78) Cyrtophlceba. 46. Facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fifth 47. Facial ridges bristly on at least the lower half, third joint of antennae about three times as long as the second, apical cell open (p. 136) Ga>dio2)sis. 47. Last joint of antennae at least iivo times as long as the second 48. Last joint scarcely longer than the second, penultimate joint of arista broader than long (p. 125) Muscopteryx. 48. Penultimate joint of arista at least three times as long as broad, third joint of antenme of male divided lengthwise into two parts, two pairs of orbital bris- tles in both sexes (p. 137) Dicliocera. Penultimate joint at most slightly longer than broad, third joint of antennas entire, male destitute of orbital bristles (p. 126) Paradidyma. 49. Ocellar bristles present 55. Ocellar bristles wanting 50. 50. Vibrissa' inserted near lower edge of face 51. Vibrissa- inserted near the middle of the face, cheeks broader than the eye height. (p. 138) Microphthalma. 51. Sides of face destitute of macrochaetae 52. Sides of the face each bearing two or three stout macrochaetae on the lower part. (p. 140) Peleteria. 52. Second segment of abdomen never bearing more than six marginal macrochaetae. (p. 141) Archytas. Second segment of abdomen bearing at least twelve marginal lnacroclueta'. .. 53. 53. Palpi gradually thickening from the base outwardly, proboscis shorter than height of head 54. Palpi thickened on the apical three-fourths, proboscis beyond the basal articula- tion at least one and one-third times as long as height of head. . (p. 146) Dejeania. 54. Outline of abdomen subquadrate, the apex deeply emarginatc. (p. 146) Paradejeania. Outline of abdomen conical, the apex not distinctly emarginato . . (p. 146) Jurin ia. 55. The ocellar bristles directed obliquely forward 57. The ocellar bristles curving backward, very robust 56. 56. Front opaque, the vitta deep brown or black (p. 134 ) Spallanzania. Front shining, largely semitranslucent yellow, the vitta light yellowish. (p. 132) Gonia. 57. Apical cell open, or, if closed, the petiole less than two-fifths as long as the hind crossvein 58. Apical cell closed, the petiole at least two-thirds as long as the hind crossvein. (p. 126) Phorichwta. 58. Last section of fifth vein less than half as long as the preceding section 61. Last section of fifth vein almost as long as the preceding section, hind crossvein nearly midway between the small and the bend of the fourth 59. 3359— No. 7 3 34 59. sides of face destitute of stout macrocha-ta- 60. Sides of face hearing one or more pairs of stout, downwardly Clin ing maeroeha'ta' below the lowest frontal bristles, arista thickened on the basal three-fourths. (p. 77) Paraplagia. 60. Arista thickened almost to the tip, third vein bristly nearly to the small cross- vein (p. 77) Meiaplagia. Arista never thickened to the middle, third vein bristly less than halfway to tfje small crossvein (p. 76) HeteropteHna. 61. facial ridges bristly on less than the lowest fourth 63. Facial ridges bristly on at least the lower half (12. 62. Penultimate joint of arista over twice as long as broad, bend of fourth vein destitute of a distinct appendage (p. 137) Chcetogwdia. Penultimate joint of arista shorter than broad, bend of fourth vein with a dis- tinct appendage (]>. 127) Araba. 63. Antenna- reaching only slightly below middle of face 64. Antennae reaching to or below the lowest fourth of the face 72. 64. First posterior tell open 65. First posterior cell closed, the petiole as long as the small crossvein, cheeks two- thirds as broad as the eye height, facial ridges nearly parallel, sides of the face at narrowest pari each as wide as the median depression. (p. 132) Euthyprosopa. 65. Abdomen subopaque, partly or wholly covered with pollen 66. Abdomen shining, desl itute of pollen (p. 50 ) Myiophasia. 66. Vibrissa- inserted at least the length of the second antennal joint above the oral margin 67. Vibrissae inserted half the length of the second antennal joint or less above the oral margin 70. 67. Frontal bristles not descending below base of antennae 68. Frontal bristles, at least two pairs, situated below base of antennae, vibrissae near middle of face, cheeks broader than the eye height, (p. 138) Microphthalma. 68. Cheeks less than one-half as broad as the eye height, sides of face destitute of macro* -had a- 69. Cheeks almost as broad as the eye height, sides of face bearing a row of macro- dueta- (p. 51) Phijto. 69. Small crossvein beyond the tip of the first vein (p. 80) Senotainia. Small crossvein far before the tip of the first vein (p. 138) Amobia. 70. Third joint of antennae at most but slightly longer than the second, sides of the face destitute of macrocha-ta- 71. Third joint more than twice as long as the second, antennae two-thirds as long as the face, sides of face bearing a row of macrocha-ta'. ..(p. 131) Brachycoma. 71. Second joint of arista over twice as long as broad (p. 143) Eehinomyia. Second joint at most only slightly longer than broad (p. 138) Amobia. 72. Face bearing macrochaetae at least near lower ends of the eyes 73. Face destitute of macrochaetae on its sides 76. 73. Head at the vibrissa- as long as at base of antenna-, third joint of antenna- less than twice as long as the second 71. Head at the vibrissae much shorter than at base of antenna- 75. 74. Hind crossvein much nearer to the bend of the fourth vein than to the small crossvein (p. 131) Jiracbijcoma. Hind crossvein at most only slightly nearer to the bend than to the small cross- vein (p. 130) THcogena. 75. Facial ridges almost parallel, sides of face at narrowest part each nearly as wide as the median depression (p. 128) Opsidia. Facial ridges widely diverging below, sides of face each less than one half as wide as the median depression (p. 127) Metopla. 35 76. Last j.oi tit of antenna' at least twice as long as the second 77. Last joint at most only slightly longer than the second (p. 143) Echinomyia. 77. Second segment of ahdomen bearing at most only two marginal macrochata, hind tibiae not ciliate 78. Second segment bearing at least four marginal inacrochata', hind tibia* out- wardly densely ciliate with flattened seta1 (p. 1 23) Blepharipeza. 78. Diameter of the head at the vibrissa? much shorter than at base of antennae, third joint of the antenna- at least two and one-half times as long as the second. (p. 128) HilareUa. Diameter of head at the vibrissa as long as at base of antenna1, third joint of antenna less than twice as long as the second (p. 131) Brachycoma. 79. Proboscis beyond the basal articulation at most one and one-fifth times as long as height of head 84. Proboscis beyond the basal articulation at least one and one-third times as long- as height of head, eyes bare 80. 80. Apical cell ending at or close to the extreme tip of wing. 82. Apical cell ending far before the extreme tip of wing, proboscis geniculate near the base only 81. 81. Ridges of face bristly on at least the lower three- fourths, apical cell (dosed, the petiole longer than the small crossvein (p. 79) Clurtoglossa. Ridges efface never bristly on more than the lowest fifth, apical cell open. (p. 85) Aphria. 82. With only one geniculation in the proboscis, situated near its base 83. With two geniculations, one near the base and the other near the middle, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth (p. 75) Siphona. 83. Facial ridges bristly on at least the lower half (p. 73) Isoglossa. Facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fifth (p. 74) Epigrimyia. 84. Abdomen bright green or bluish green, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth, eyes hairy (p. 89) Gymnochceta. Abdomen black or more or less yellowish. Apical cell ending far before the extreme tip of wing 85. Apical cell ending at or close to the extreme tip of wing 129. 85. Last section of fifth vein less than one-half as long as the preceding section. . 87. Last section of fifth vein almost as long as the preceding section, bend of fourth vein with a long appendage, eyes bare or with indistinct, short, sparse hairs, ocellar bristles directed obliquely forward 86. 86. Bristles of facial ridges confined to their lowest third (p. 76) Meter opterina. Bristles ascending at least to upper third of the ridges, .(p. 77) Hagiprospherysa. 87. Ocellar bristles when preseut directed obliquely forward 89. Ocellar bristles curving backward, apical cell closed and petiolate 88. 88. Penultimate joint of arista over four times as long as broad, facial ridges bristly on more than the lower half (p. 79) Distichona. Penultimate joint shorter than broad, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fifth (p. 68) Leitcostoma. 89. Eyes bare, or with indistinct, short, sparse hairs 99. Eyes distinctly hairy *!". 90. 90. Second segment of abdomen bearing at most only three pairs of macroclueta in the middle of the dorsum 91. Second segment thickly covered with inacrochata on at least two-thirds of its length (p. 145) Bombyliomyia. 91. Facial ridges never bristly on more than the lower half 94. Facial ridges bristly on at least their lower two-thirds 92. 36 92. Front destitute of back wardly curving macrochaBtee outside of the two frontal rows 93. Front in ea'cli sex hearing two or three pairs of backwardly curving macro- cha'ta- outside of the regular frontal rows (p. 116) Paeudoeha ta. 93. Bend of fourth vein bearing a long appendage or distinct fold. (p. 101) Euphorocera. Bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage or fold (p. 102) Phorocera. 94. Sides of face at narrowest part less than one-third as wide as the median depression 96. Sides of face more than ono-half as wide as the median depression 95. 95. Head at tin- vibrissa- much shorter than at base of antenna', bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage (p. 89) Macrome'ujcnia. Head at the vibrissa' as long as at base of antenna-, bend of fourth vein bearing an appendage (p. 89) Metaphyto. 96. Diameter of head at the \ ibrissae much shorter than at base of antenna', bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage 97. Diameter of head at the vibrissa? as Long as at base of antenna- 98. 97. Frontal bristles descending at least to last third of the second an tennal joint. (p. 91) Exorista. frontal bristle m>t descending below the base of the second an tennal joint. (p. 64) Macquartia. 98. Base of fourth vein bearing a long appendage ; second and third segments of the abdomen destitute of discal inacrochsets (p. 87) Nemoraa. Bend of fourth vein at most with an extremely short appendage, second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal macrocha-ta- (p-88) Panzeria. Jt'.t. Antenna- reaching at least the lowest fourth of the face 110. Antenna- not reaching below the lowest third of the face 100. 100. Vibrissa at less than one-half the length of the second antenna] joint above the level of the front edge of the oral margin 108. Vibrissa inserted at least the length of the second an tennal joint above the level of the trout edge of the oral margin 101. 101. Lowest frontal bristles below middle of the second antenna! joint 105. Lowest frontals not below base of the second an tennal joint 102. 102. Cheeks Less than one-third as broad as the eye height, arista never thickened on more than the basal third 103. Cheeks almost as broad as the eye height, arista thickened nearly to the tip, abdomen shining, not pollinose (p. 85) Melanophrt/8. LOS. Frontal bristles in two rows 101. frontal bristles in four rows (p. 79) Pachyophthalmus. 104. Diameter of head at the vibrissa- as long as at base of antenna-, lower front angle of the third antennal joint not prolonged in the form of a tooth. (p. 80) Scnotainia. Diameter of head at the vibrissa- much shorter than at base of antenna-, lower front angle of the third antennal joint prolonged into a sharp tooth. (p. 115) Accmyia. 105. Ocellar bristles present, directed obliquely forward 106. < (cellar bristles wanting (p. 81) Helvosia. 106. Hind tibia' not distinctly ciliate outwardly 107. Hind tibia- outwardly ciliate with bristles, apical cell open (p. 83) Aiacta. 107. Apical cell open (p-81) Biomyia. Apical cell closed and short petiolate (p. 81) Pseudotractocera. 108. Pair of lowest frontal bristles not below base of second antennal joint 109. Pair of lowest frontals below middle of second antennal joint, frontal bristles in two rows (p. 83) Atacta. 109. Frontal bristles in four rows (p. 79) Pachyophthalmua. Frontals in two rows (p. 122) Poraphyto. 37 110. Vibrissa at most only one-half the length of the second antennal joint above the level of the front edge of the oral margin 113. Vibrissas at least the length of the second antennal joint above the level of the oral margin, frontal bristles descending below middle of the second antennal joint HI* 111. The ocellar bristles present, directed obliquely forward, facial ridges never bristly on more than the lowest fourth 112. The ocellar bristles wanting, facial ridges bristly on at least the lowest third. (p. 84) Belvosia. 112. Outer side of hind tibiae distinctly ciliate with bristles (p. 83) Atacta. Outer side of hind tibia' not ciliate (p. 81) Blomyia. 113. Lowest frontal bristles below the base, and usually beneath the middle, of sec- ond antennal j oint 116. Lowest frontals not below base of second antennal joint 114. 114. Facial depression destitute of a median carina 115. Facial depression with a high median carina, apical cell closed, the petiole twice as long as the small crossvein (p. 120) Euthera. 115. Cheeks about as broad as the eye-height (p. 85) Melanophrys. Cheeks less than one-half as broad as the eye height. Lower front corner of the third antennal joint produced in the form of a sharp tooth (p. 115) Acemyia. Lower front corner of the third antennal joint not produced in the form of a tooth. Head, viewed from in front, broader than high, arista bare, or nearly so (p. 128) ffilarella. Head higher than broad, arista short haired. ..(p. 117) Yanderwulpia. 116. Second segment of abdomen never bearing more than four marginal macro- ch»t3B... 117. Second segment bearing at least six marginal iuacrochsetae, hind tibire out- wardly ciliate with bristles (p. 123) Blepharipeza. 117. Hind tibiae outwardly ciliate with bristles 118. Hind tibia' not ciliate 123. 118. Bristles of cheeks covering at least the lower three-fourths 119. Bristles of cheeks covering less than the lower half. .. .(p. 91) Hyph«ntrop>haga. 119. Facial ridges bristly at least almost to the middle 121. Facial ridges bristly on less than the lowest fourth 120. 120. Head at the vibrissas as long as at the base of antenna', proboscis slender, rigid, the labella horny and not thicker than the proboscis. . . .(p. 83) Sijphosturmia. Head at the vibrissa much shorter than at base of antenna', proboscis robust, fleshy, the labella soft (p. 108) Stnrmia. 121. With at least three backwardly curving bristles in each of the frontal rows, abdomen largely or wholly opaque pollinose 122. With only two backwardly curving bristles in each of the frontal rows, abdo- men shining, destitute of pollen (p. 123) Parachceta. 122. Front bearing two or three pairs of backwardly curving macrockyet.'e outside of the frontal rows, the anterior pair midway between the lowest ocellus and base of antenna' (p. 116) Pseudochata. Front destitute of such inacroclueta^ (p. 105) Frontina. 123. Ocellar bristles present, directed obliquely forward 124. Ocellar bristles wanting (p. 84) Belvosia. 124. Bend of fourth vein destitute of an appendage 126. Bend of fourth vein bearing an appendage or distinct fold 125. 125. Arista distinctly pubescent, facial ridges bristly on the lower five-sixth. (p. 117) Prosplierysa. Arista bare, facial ridges at most bristly on the lower three-fifths. (p. 118) Tachum. 126. Diameter of head at the vibrissa- as long as at base of antenna' 127. Diameter of head at the vibrissa' much shorter than at base of antenna;.. . 128. 38 127. Ridges of face bristly on at least the lower two-thirds (p. 120) Tachinopsis. Ridges bristly on less than the lowest third (p. 120) DcmoHcus. 128. Lower front corner of the third antennal joint produced in the form of a sharp tooth (p. 115) Aoemyia. Lower front corner of the third antennal joint not produced in a tooth. Vibrissas on a level with the front edge of the oral margin. (p. 113) Masicera. Vibrissa* far above the level of front edge of oral margin.. (p. 81) Biomyia. 129. Eyes bare or with indistinct short, sparse hairs 133. Eyes distinctly hairy, antenna' reaching at least to lowest fourth of the face 130. 130. Frontal bristles not descending below base; of second antennal joint; abdomen largely or wholly opaque gray poll i nose 131. Frontal bristles descending below middle of second antennal joint 132. 131. Cheeks nearly as broad as the eye height (p. 64) Hyalurgns. Cheeks less than one-third as broad as the eye height (p. 61) Macigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France,, p. 25B; 1888. Washington. Ginglymia acriro8trt8 Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, pp. lis, 119; 1892. Constantine, Mich. Goniochata plagioides Townsend, 1. c, Vol. XVIII, pp. .Til, 352; 1891. Las duces, N. Mex. Hemithrixion a^iri forme Braner and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mas. Wien, V, p. 357; 1891. Colorado. Hesperomyia erythrocera Braner and Bergcustamm, 1. c, IV, p. Ill; 1889. Texas. Himanlostoma sugens Loew. Illinois. Hypertrophocera parvipet Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, pp. 360, 361; 1891. Las ('races, X. Mex. Illigeria alops Walker, belongs to Beskia; 7. corythus Walker, is Xantkomelana atri- pennU Say: and 7. helymits Walker, belongs to Metaohseta. Loewia nigrifrons, ru/wornis, and globosa Townsend, appear to he synonyms of Myio- phasia anea Wied. LophoHia setigera Thomson, belongs to Clausieella. Myothyria vanderindpia Townsend, belongs to Hypostena. Xeoiractocera anomala Townsend. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, pp. 105, 106; 1892. Las duces, X'. Mex. Parahypoehceta heteroneura Brauei and Bergenstamm. Zweif. Kais. Mns. Wien, V, p. 337: 1891. North America. Peteina stylata Braner and Bergenstamm, 1. c. pp. 386, 3S7. Greenland. Phasia atripennti Say. belongs to Xanthomelana. Podotachina americana Braner and Bergenstamm, is Tachina nulla Walker, and P. ribrissata of the same authors is Euphoroeera claripennls Macqnart. Rhinophora raJida and mexicana Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, pp. 167, 168; 1892. Las Cruees, X. Mex. SarcocJista dalcotenei* Townsend, Trans. Am. Ent. Boc, Vol. XIX, pp. 122, 123; 1892. South Dakota. Stereitiapictipes Bigot, is Xantkomelana arcuala Say. Trixa gillettii Townsend. belongs to Paraphyto. Tryphera americana and polidoides Townsend, are synonyms of Polidea areos Walker. Xysta didyma Loew. Illinois. SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE GENERA. A linear arrangement of the genera of the Tachinidae so as to indi- cate their natural relationship is quite impossible, owing to the fact that in several cases each of three genera is more closely related to a fourth than to any other genus, and in a linear arrangement it is, of course, impossible to place each next to the one to which it is nearest related. The following arrangement shows the relationship of the genera given in the preceding table perhaps as nearly as can be done in a linear manner. By this arrangement, those without strong macro - chaetae on the abdomen are placed at the opposite end of the series to those having these macrochaetae the most strongly developed: Apical cell ending at or close to the extreme wingtip. Abdomen destitute of macrocha*t;e. Sides of the face bare. Proboscis shorter or only slightly longer than the head. Hind tibiae not cili^te: Cistogaster, Gymnosoma, Phorantha, Alophora. Hind tibi;e outwardly ciliate : Trichopoda. Proboscis longer than the head and thorax united: Eusiphona. Sides of face with bristly hairs: Gymnophania. 41 Apical cell ending at or close to the extreme wingiip — Continued. Abdomen bearing macrochaetse. __^ Sides of face with hairs or macrochsetae on the lower half: Myiophasia, Phyto, Mauromyia, Cryptomeigenia, Ceratomyiella, Eulasiona, Admontia. Sides of face, on at least the lower half, bare. Proboscis shorter or only slightly longer than height of head. Frontal vitta opaque. Vibrissa? on a level with the front edge of the oral margin. Penultimate joint of arista at least twice as long as broad: Medina, Schizotachina, Glausieella, Plectops, Lispidea, Thryptoeera. Penultimate joint of arista shorter or only slightly longer than broad: Aetia, Lasioneura, Chaiophleps, Celatoria, Hypostena, Didyma, Macquartia, Hyalurgus, Polidea, Hypo- chceta, Pelatachind, Racodineura, Ervia, LesMa, Lcskiomima, Apinops. Vibrissa distinctly above the front edge of the oral margin: Leucostoma, Sciasma, Hyalomyodes, (Estrophasia, Clytiomyia, Eutrixa, Xantliomelana. Frontal vitta highly polished : Hemyda. Proboscis at least one-third longer than height of head : Beakia, Lsoglossa, Epigrimyia, Siphona. Apical cell ending some distance in front of the extreme wingtip. Last section of the fifth vein more than one-half as long as the preceding sec- tion : Heteropterina, Plagiprospherysa, Metaplagia, Paraplagia, Cyrtophlceba, Plagia, Siphoplagia. Last section of the fifth vein less than one-third as long as the preceding section. Sides of face on the lower half bare. Vibrissa- distinctly above the front edge of the oral margin. Eyes bare. Penultimate joint of arista more than twice as long as broad: Distichona, Clta'toglossa. Penultimate joint of arista shorter or only slightly longer than broad: Pachyophlhahnus, Scnotainia, Pseudotractocera, Biomyia, Atacta, Siphosturmia, Belrosia, Melanophrys, Aphria, Ocyptera. Eyes distinctly hairy : Litnixmyia, Nemorcea, Panzeria, Macromeigenia. Vibrissa1 on a level with the front edge of the oral margin. Eyes distinctly hairy: Gymnochceta, Metaphyto, Exoristoides, Hyphan- tropliaga, Exorista, Euphorocera, Phorocera. Eyes bare: Erontina, Sturmia, Masieera, Aceniyia, Pseudoclueta, Pros- pltcrysa, Yanderwulpia, Euthera, Hough ia, Tachina, Tachinopsis, Demotions, Paraphyto, Paraclxeta. Blepharipeza. Sides of face with hairs or macroclnet;e on the lower half. Vibrissa1 on a level with the anterior edge of the oral margin : Winthe- mia, Muscopteryx, Paradidyma, Atrophopalpus, Metachceta, Phorichceta, Clmtoplagia, Metopia. Araba, Opsidia, Hilarella, THcogena, Br achy coma, Euthyprosopa. Vibrissa? distinctly above the front edge of the oral margin. Head at the vibrissas much shorter than at base of antenna1 : Gonia, Spallanzania, Gcvdiopsis, Chcetogcedia, Dichocera, Microphthalmia. Head at the vibrissa1 longer than at base of antenna': Amohia, Trichophora, Cuphocera, Peleteria, Archytas, Echinomyia, Epalpus, Bombyliomyia, Dejeania, Paradejeania, Jurinea, Jurinella. 42 SYNOPSES OF THE SPECIES. The arrangement of the genera is that given above. In the case of synonyms, the oldest name has been adopted, since this method is the only one whereby a uniform system of nomenclature can be obtained. On the other hand, if we follow the law of favoritism we can never hope to have a uniform series of names, since the German student will adopt the name proposed by a German, the Frenchman one proposed by his own countryman, and so on. All of the synonymy given in these pages has been verified by the writer. By a few authors the names of certain genera have been rejected, owing to the fact that the author described under each of them species that properly belong to two or more distinct genera, but this does not at all invalidate the genus, since the name may be retained for one or more of the species and new generic terms applied to the others. Again, certain genera have been rejected on the score that they have been insufficiently characterized, but if one of the species that the author placed in a given genus can be identified with reasonable certainty, the generic characters can readily be ascer- tained from an examination of the specimens themselves. Genera founded on characters peculiar to one sex only have not been adopted. The writer is of the opinion that m case the females of any two given species are structurally identical, these two species should not be separated into different genera, no matter to what extent the males of these two species may differ from (Mich other. Any classifica- tion that will not enable us to refer a single specimen of either sex to its correct genus must necessarily come short of the very object for which it was designed. The following pages contain references to all the species of TachinidaB hitherto reported as occurring in this country north of Mexico and belonging to genera of which the writer has examined representatives. Only the species studied by the writer are tabulated; the others are listed at the end of the tables. Genera of which the writer has seen no representatives, together with the species from this region referred to them, have already been listed on previous pages. The localities given are those in which the specimens studied were captured; the published records have not been added, since it was intended to make the present work as nearly original as possible. The color of the hal- teres has been purposely omitted as of no specific importance. Types of all the new species have been deposited in the United States National Museum. Genus CISTOGASTER Latr. Cistogaster Latreille, in (Javier's Kegne animal, Vol. V; 1829. rallasia Desvoidy, Kssai snr les Myodaires, p. 239; 1830. Gymnoclytia Brauer and Bergenstaram, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien. VI, p. 157; 1893. The synonymy of Pallasia and Cistogaster was first pointed out by Macquart, and has been confirmed by Rondani, Schiner, Brauer and Bergenstamm? and others. Our single species is very different in the 43 opposite sexes; in the female the abdomen is black, while in the male it is largely or wholly yellow ; in the female the thorax is gray pollinose, marked with two black vitta?; in the male it is yellowish pollinose, marked with four black vittsej length, 5 to 7 mm. Grimsby, Canada; Maine; Franeonia and White Mountains, New Hampshire; District of Columbia; North Carolina: Tifton, Ga. ; Texas, Colorado, and California. (Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part III, p. 233(76); 1842. Gymnosoma occidua Walker, List Dipt. Insects, Part IV, p. 692; 1819. Gistogaster divisa Loew, Diptera Amer. Sept. Indig., Centuria IV, No. 88; 1863. Gymnoclytia divisaBr&ner and Bergen stamm in lift.) . . immaculata Macq. Genus GYMNOSOMA Meig. Gymnosoma Meigen, in Illiger's Magazin fiir Iusektenknnde, Vol. IT, p. 278; 1803. In our single species the abdomen is yellow and marked with a black dorsal vitta or row of spots; dorsum of thorax of male in front of the suture yellowish pollinose and marked with four black vittse, but in the female the dorsum is destitute of pollen except the humeri and nar- row lateral margins; length, 5 to 8 mm. Grimsby, Canada; White Mountains and Franeonia, N. H. ; Maryland; District of Columbia; Virginia; Michigan; Agricultural College, Miss.; New Orleans, La.; Missouri: Kansas; Green River City, Wyo.; Colorado, Idaho, and Cali- fornia. (Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 237; 1830. Gymnosoma par Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 692; 1849. Gymnosoma filiola Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept, Indigena, Centuria X, No. 66; 1872. Gymnosoma sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) fuliginosa Desv. Genus PHORANTHA Rond. Phorantha Koudani, Dipterologite Italicae Prodromus, Vol. V, p. 21; 1862. Our species are black, the palpi and apex of proboscis sometimes yellow ; only one postsutural and one sternopleural macrocha'ta; wings not marked with brown beyond the base of the discal cell, costa nearly straight: 1. Thorax subshining, almost destitute of pollen, not marked with dis- tinct black vitta1; last section of the third vein nearly one half as long as the preceding section 2. Thorax opaque, densely gray pollinose, marked with four shining black vitta*; frontal vitta of female at the narrowest point slightly wider than the distance between the posterior ocelli, last section of the third vein one-fourth as long as the pre- ceding section, calypteres white; length 7 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Tijdsch. voor Entomologie, Vol. XXXV, p. 185; 1892 : Hyalomyia.) nigrens v. d. W. 2. Calypteres whitish, second and third segments of abdomen thinly whitish pollinose, frontal vitta of female at the narrowest point less than one-third as wide as the distance between the posterior ocelli ; length, 2.5 too mm. Fort McLeod, British America ; Mary- land; southern Illinois; Georgia; Nueces, Tex.; South Dakota; 44 Canon City, Colo.; Las Oruces, N. Mex. ; Washington; Los Angeles and San Diego counties. Gal.; and Allende, Mexico. (Insecta Saundersiana, Vol. I, p. 260; 1850: Hyalomyia. Alo- phora tuctuosa Bigot, Anuales Soc. Entomol. France, p. 255; 1888. Hyalomyia punetigera Townsend, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash- ington, Vol. II, p. 135; April 2, 1891. Hyalomyia aldrichii Townsend, 1. c, p. 136; from a cotype specimen. Hyalomyia robertsonii Townsend, 1. c. Hyalomyia purpurascens Townsend, 1. c. p. 137; from a cotype specimen. Hyalomyia celer Town- send, Trans. Araer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 65; March, 1895. Hyalomyia violascens Townsend, Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XX.]). 32; July, 1897. Phorantha sp., Brauer and Bergen stain m in lift.) occidentis Walk. Calypteres brown, first three segments of abdomen not distinctly pollinose except along the sides, the fourth segment lightly whitish pollinose and dotted with black, frontal vitta of male obliterated on its upper part, wings with a strong whitish tinge; length, 3.5 to 4 mm. District of Columbia; Potomac Creek, Virginia; Lexington. Ivy.; and northern Illinois. Nine males, one taken by the writer in .July, another captured by Mr. 0. W. Johnson, May 23, L896, a third by Dr. W. A. Xason, August 10, L895, and six captured by Prof'. H. Gar man. Type Xo. 3518, U. S. National Museum calyptrata n. sp. Genus AL0PH0RA Desv. Alophora Desvoidy, Essai snrles Myodaires, p. 293; 1S30. Hyalomyia Desvoidy. loc. cit., p. 298. Schiner'has already referred these two divisions as subgenera of the first-mentioned genus, and in this he is followed by Brauer and Bergenstamm.2 Of* ihe ten species occurring in our fauna, the females of only four are known to me: 1. Wings distinctly marked with brown beyond base of discal cell out- side of the costal cell (all males) 6. Wings wholly hyaline beyond base of discal cell except sometimes in the costal cell 2. 2. Second and third abdominal segments shining or snbshining 3. Second and following segments opaque, densely yellow gray polli- nose ; thorax, when viewed from behind, thinly white pollinose along the suture, in front of the scutellum, and along the sides; eyes contiguous: black, the palpi yellow, calypteres white, wings whitish hyaline, costa strongly arcuate, last section of third vein slightly less than one-third as long as thepreceding section; length, 5 mm. Eastern Washington. A single male specimen collected by Professor Piper. Type 2so. 3519, U. S. National Museum - opaca n. sp. 1 Fauna Austriaca. Vol. I, p. 402; 1862. Also loc. cit,, VI, p. 157; 1893. 45 3. Females; genitalia awl shaped, directed backward 4. Males; genitalia tubular, directed forward under the body; black, the palpi yellow, abdomen with a pronounced brassy tinge, shining, thinly white pollinose ; thorax when viewed from behind thinly white pollinose except the front end and two subdorsal vittae behind the suture; eyes separated as widely as the posterior ocelli, calypteres grayish white, wings whitish hyaline, base to tip of second basal cell yellow, costa strongly arcuate, last section of third vein nearly half as long as the preceding sec- tion ; length, G mm. Potomac Creek, Virginia. A single male specimen collected May 23, 1896, by G. W. Johnson. Type No. 3520, U. S. National Museum nitida n. sp. 4. Frontal vitta at narrowest part less than one-third as wTide as the distance between the posterior ocelli 5. Frontal vitta at narrowest part as wide as the distance between the posterior ocelli; last section of third vein slightly over one-third as long as the preceding section ; length, 4 to 6 mm. White Mountains and Franconia, X. II., and Potomac Creek, Virginia. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 296; October, 1886: Ilyalomyia.) ceneoventris Will. 5. Last section of third vein over one third as long as the preceding section, small cross vein nearer to tip of first vein than to tip of the auxiliary, or midway between them; black, the palpi yellow; thorax, when viewed from behind, subopaque whitish pollinose, with indistinct black vitta1; eyes separated slightly wider than width of lowest ocellus; face white or gray pollinose; abdomen on the last three segments whitish pollinose, the second and third segments with a black dorsal vitta; calypteres whitish or yellowish; wings hyaline, the base to slightly beyond the hu- meral crossvein yellowish; length, 9 mm. Beverly, Mass. A female specimen collected October 11, 1870, by the late Edw. Burgess. Type No. 3521, U. S. National Museum, .diversa n sp. Last section, etc., as above; vitta of abdomen indistinct; length, 5 mm. Two females, one captured at Sherbrooke, Canada, Sep- tember 25, 1896, by L'Abbe P. A. Begin, the other taken with the male (see above under 3) nitida n. sp. Last section of third vein less than one-sixth as long as the preeed ing section, small crossvein nearer to tip of auxiliary vein than to tip of first vein; eyes separated about half the width of the lowest ocellus; face yellow pollinose, abdomen wholly thinly whitish pollinose; length, 9 to 10 mm.; otherwise as in diversa. Lufkin, Tex. (October 17, 1894; C. W. Johnson), and southern Illinois (Charles Robertson). Two female specimens. Type No. 3522, U. S. National Museum grandis n. sp. 46 0. Thorax destitute of a large spot of yellowish pollen in front of the scuiellnm 7. Thorax bearing a large spot of yellowish pollen, elsewhere sub- opaque, the sides and suture gray polliuose; abdomen shining bluish black, the margin sometimes yellow, on the fourth seg- ment grayish i>ollinose; wings hyaline, brownish eostally except at base, the brown color extending to middle of discal cell, some- times forming a border to the fifth vein and the hind crossvein, and containing hyaline spaces; length, 0 to 7 mm. White Moun- tains and Franconia, X. II. (Annales Soc. Entomol. France, p. 255; 1888. Hyalomyia sp.. Brauer and Bergenstamio in lift.) ... .fenestrate Bigot. 7. Wings destitute ef a distinct hyaline spot beyond tip of first vein . 8. Wings marked with such a spot reaching from near the costa to middle of first posterior cell, elsewhere brown, with hyaline spaces and hind margin; costa excessively arcuate, first poste- rior cell over half as wide as long; black, the palpi yellow, abdo- men shining brassy black, thinly whitish polliuose, thorax, when viewed from behind, subopaque, thinly whitish polliuose, two subdorsal vitta*, the front end, and behind the suture black; calyptercs white; frontal vitta at narrowest part two thirds as wide as distance between the posterior ocelli; length, 8 mm. Franconia, N. II. A male specimen, collected by Mrs. A. T. Slos- son. Type No. 3523, (J. S. National Museum, .phasioides n. sp. 8. Abdomen more or less shining 10. Abdomen opaque, yellowish gray polliuose 9. 9. Veins on front and hind edges of discal cell bordered with brown; black, the palpi yellow; thorax, when viewed from behind, thinly whitish polliuose, the front end, behind the suture, andtwosub- dorsal vitta- black: frontal vitta at narrowest part half as wide as distance between the posterior ocelli; calyptercs whitish; wings biown, the base yellowish, the hind margin and centers of discal and fust posterior cells usually hyaline, costa rather strongly arcuate; length, 4..~ to 6 mm. Clemen ton, N. J. (May 10 and 26, 181)0), and Potomac Greek, Ya. (May 23, 1890). Six male specimens, collected by O. W. Johnson. Type No. 3524, T. S. National Museum fumosa n. sp. Veins on front and hind edges of discal cell not bordered with brown, wings whitish hyaline, the base to beyond the humeral crossvein yellowish, costal margin beyond this to slightly below apex of third vein, last two sections of third vein, and fourth vein beyond the bend bordered with smoky brown, costa excessively arcuated; length, 7 mm.; otherwise as in the above descrip- tion of fumosa. Grimsby, Canada. A single male specimen, collected October 7, 1894. Type No. 3525, CJ. S. National Museum pulverea, n. sp. 47 10. Length, 0 min. or less : last section of third vein over one-third as long as the preceding section 11. Length. 8 to 10 mm 12. 11. Abdomen shining brassy black, the margins whitish pollinose, wings hyaline, the base and a large spot on middle extending from costa to fifth vein smoky. (See above under 1.) ceneoventris Will. Abdomen subopaque whitish pollinose, the first segment, a dorsal vitta on the others, and the hind margins of the second and third black; black, the palpi yellow; thorax, when viewed from behind, subopaque, traces of a yellowish pollinose spot in front of the scutellum; eyes separated slightly wider than width of lowest ocellus, wings smoky, the hind margin subhyaline; calypteres yellowish ; length. 0 mm. Woodbury, N". J. A single male specimen, collected June 7, 1896, by 0. W. Johnson. Type Xo. 352G, U. S. National Museum subopaca n. sp. 12. Last section of third vein less than one-sixth as long as the pre ceding section, small crossvein nearer to tip of auxiliary vein than to tip of first vein, eyes separated less than width. of low- est ocellus, wings from base almost to small crossvein dusky yellowish, the remainder brown, calypteres brown, the margin, the lower edge of the front one broadly, and of the hind one at its base white; otherwise as in the female (under 5 above). Lufkin, Tex., October 17, 1890. A single male specimen, col- lected by C. W. Johnson grandis n. sp. Last section of third vein over one-fourth as long as the preceding section, small crossvein not nearer to tip of auxiliary vein than to tip of first vein, eyes separated one and one-half times width of lowest ocellus, abdomen with a strong brassy or violaceous tinge, wings from base to beyond base of discal cell yellowish, the remainder brown, the hind margin subhyaline; otherwise as in the female (under o above). Beverly, Mass. (October 11, 1870, Edw. Burgess); Oswego, N". Y. (October 4, 1895, C. W. Johnson), and Indiana. Three male specimens, .diversa n. sp. Genus TRICH0P0DA Latr. Trichopoda L;itreille, in Cuvier's Regne animal. Vol. V; 1829. Our species have one postsutural and two sternopleural macrochsetsB, apical cell short petiolate: 1. Abdomen partly or wholly yellowish 2. Abdomen and legs wholly black, the former not pollinose; wings black, not marked with white or yellow, the hind margin sub- hyaline; lower calypteres brown, the bases white; thorax deep black, the sides, transverse suture, and two subdorsal vittae in front of it light gray pollinose; length, 10 to 14 mm. Florida; Waco, Tex., and Colorado. (Systema Autliatorum, p. 220; « 180o : Thereva.) lanipes Fabr. 48 2. Without any fasciae of gray pollen on the abdomen, which is sub- shining- and almost or wholly destitute of pollen : 3. With an opaque, interrupted fascia of yellowish pollen on the second, third, and fourth segments of the abdomen; scutellum and femora yellow, thorax shining black, the portion in front of the transverse suture yellowish pollinose and marked with three or four black vitteej wings brown, the costal margin more or less yellow, the hind margin broadly hyaline; lower calypteres yel- lowish; length, 7 to 11 mm. District of Columbia; Texas, and Napa County, Oal. (Systema Antliatorum, p. 220; 1805: The- rent. Triehopoda histrio Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 097; 181*.). Triehopoda trifasciata Loew, Dipt. Anier. Sept. Indigena, Centuria IV, No. 90; 1803: also Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) plumipes Fabr. 3. Lower calypteres wholly yellowish; abdomen bright yellow, the apex sometimes black; legs black, bases of femora sometimes yellow, hind margin of wings subhyaline 4. Lower calypteres brown, the bases white; abdomen yellowish brown, the fifth segment yellow, legs black, the bases of the middle and hind femora sometimes yellow; wings brown, a white vitta along each of the first live veins, hind margin subhyaline; length 11 to 17 mm. District of Columbia; Waco, Tex., and Tehuantepcc, .Mexico. (AusserenropiiischeZweif. iusekten, Vol. II, p. 20S; 18 '!(). Triehopoda radiata Loew, Dipt. Amer. Sept. Indigena. Centuria IV, No. 89; 1803: also Brauer and Bergen- stamm in lift. I formosa Wied. 4. Penultimate section of fourth vein of male bordered in front with whitish, the first live veins usually partly bordered with white, a yellowish spot on front part of each wing of the male; length, 9 to 14 mm. West Roxbury, Mass. j District of Columbia; Vir- ginia; Tifton, Ga.; Biscayne Bay, Florida; Cadet, Mo.; Douglas County, Kans., and Texas. (Aussereuropaische Zweif. Insek- ten, Vol. 11, p. 270; 1830. Thereto- pennipes Fabricius, Systema Antliat.p. 219; 1805: non Musca pmnipes Fabricius; 1794. Tri- ehopoda aurantiaca Townsend, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. II, p. 140; April 2, 1891.) cilipes Wied. Penultimate section of fourth vein not bordered with whitish in either sex. any of the veins rarely bordered with whitish; wings of male usually but not always marked in front with a yellow spot; length, 7 to 12 mm. Grimsby, Canada; Belmont, Mass.; Philadelphia, Pa.; District of Columbia; North Carolina; Flor- ida; Mississippi; Lexington, Ky.; Missouri; Onaga, Kans.; Colorado; Los Angeles County, Oal., and Mexico. (Entomolo- gia Systematica, Vol. IV, p. 348; 1794: Musca. Thereva hirtipes Fabricius, Systema Antliat., p. 219; 1805. Oeyptera eiliata Fabricius, loc, cit., p. 315. Phasia jugatoria Say, Jour. Acad. Nat, 49 Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. VI, p. 172; 1829. Trichopocla flavieornis Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 284; 1S30. Trichopoda pyrrhogaster Wiedemann, Ausserenr. Zweif. Ins., Vol. II, p. 272; 1830: also Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.). . . .pennipes Fabr. Genus EUSIPHONA, new genus. The principal characters of this genus may be gathered from the fol- lowing description of the type species: Front of female nearly one-half as wide as either eye, ocellar bristles directed obliquely forward, frontal bristles weak, disposed in four rows, not descending beneath base of antenna1, front, including the vitta, gray pollinose; sides of face bare, gray pollinose, each at narrowest point about one-seventh as wide as the median depression, the latter with a distinct median carina; vibrissa? short, inserted below the level of the anterior portion of the oral margin ; facial ridges bare, nearly parallel and only slightly approaching each other at the vibrissa? ; cheeks extremely narrow, scarcely apparent; pro- boscis bristle-like, longer than the entire insect, geniculate in the middle, the apical half folding beneath the basal half; labella absent, palpi clavate, reaching about halfway to the anterior oral margin; antenna? four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint nearly three times as long as the second, suborbicular; arista bare, thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint shorter than broad; eyes bare; thorax lightly gray pollinose, anterior half of middle of dorsum destitute of macrochreta?, two postsutural and two sternopleural macrochsetae, the latter near the posterior end of the sternopleura, no other macroclneta? on the pleura; scutellum subtriangular, bearing four marginal macrochajtai : abdomen and legs destitute of macrocluetre and of pollen; wings hyaline, veins bare, apical cell open at the extreme wing tip, last section of fourth vein gradually approaching the third, small crossvein near last third of discal cell, auxiliary vein lying close to the first and almost united with it at the apex. Color, black; the second autennal joint, spot at insertion of antenme, aud the anterior oral margin yellow; calypteres small, white; length, 5 mm. Indiana and Colorado. Two female speci- mens. Type yo. 3526, U. S. Xational Museum mira n. sp. Genus GYMNOPHANIA Br. and Berg. Gymnophania Brauer aud BergenstaiDiu. Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 143; 1889. Our single species is black, the antennae and legs tinged with brown ; front in male slightly narrower than width of the lowest ocellus, antenna? four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint slightly shorter than the second, cheeks one-seventh as broad as the eye height; body si i.iing, not pollinose, only one postsutural and one sternopleural m.Lcrocha?ta, scutellum bearing two marginal pairs, abdomen and legs destitute of maeroclueta1; wings hyaline, the costal margin beyond tip 3359— No. 7 1 50 of auxiliary veiu slightly smoky as far as the fourth vein, last sections of third and fourth veins gradually converging, ending a short dis- tance from each other at the extreme wing tip, small cross vein at last fourth of discal cell; calypteres white; length, 4 mm. White Moun- tains, Xew Hampshire. Five male specimens, one collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson and the others by the late II. K. Morrison. (Oymno- phania sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) Type No. 3528, U.S. National Museum . .montana n. sp. Genus MYIOPHASIA Br. and Berg. Myiqphana Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mas. Wien, V., p. 362; 1891. Phasiovlixta Townsend, Trans. A.mer. Ent. Soc, Vol. Will. ]>. 369; December, 1891. Ennyomma Towusend, loc. c i t . , p. 371. The synonymy of the first two has already been given by Brauer and Bergenstamm.1 ( )ur two species have three postsutural and two sterno pleural macrochaetae; eyes usually bare but sometimes hairy, especially in the male: Third and other segments of abdomen shining, destitute of pollen; greenish black, the lower part of the head except on the occiput, also more or less of the antennae, yellow or brown; bases of the wings yellow; length, (J to 9 mm. White Mountains, New Hamp- shire; Massachusetts; South Carolina ; Georgia; Charlotte Harbor, Florida; Colorado: and Santa Fe, N. Mex. (Aussereuropaische Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 298; 1830: Tachina. Glytia atra Des- vnidy, Essai snrles Myodaires, p. 288; 1830. Phasioclwta metallica Townsend, Trans. Amer.Ent. Soc, Vol. Will, p. 370; Dec, 1891. Ennyomma clistoirfes Townsend, loc cit., p. 371. Loewia ruficornis Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. X X I V. p. 77; April, 1892. Loewia nigrifirons Townsend, loc. cit. Glista americana Townsend, loc. cit., p. 78. Loewia globosa Townsend, Entomological News, A'ol. III. p. 129; June, 1892. Myiophasia \amea Wied., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) cenea Wied. Third and fourth segments of abdomen, and center of the second, sub opaque gray pollinose; black, the second joint of antennae yellow, the frontal vitta and lower part of the head except the occiput brown; front of male scarcely wider than width of lowest ocellus, frontal bristles not descending below base of second antennal joint, antenna1 almost reaching middle of face, the third joint only slightly longer than the second, arista thickened on its basal fourth, the penultimate joint slightly longer than wide; thorax and scutellum with a bronze tinge, destitute of pollen, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macroclneta1; second segment of abdomen bearing a marginal pair, the third and fourth each with a marginal row; pulvilli of front tarsi slightly longer than the last tarsal joint, wings hyaline, calypteres yellowish white; length, 9 1893. 51 mm. Los Angeles, Cal. A single male specimen bred by Albert Koebele from a larva of Sphenophorus robustus. Type Xo. 3529, IT. S. National Museum robusta n. sp. Genus PHYTO Desv. Phi/to Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 218: 1830. Savia Rondani, Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromns, Vol. IV, p. 140; 1861. This synonymy is given by Brauer and Bergenstamm.1 Our species is black, including the palpi, cheeks largely reddish; front in male destitute of orbital bristles, in the female bearing two pairs; three postsutural and three sternoplenral rnacroclueta- : length, G to 8 mm. Northern Illinois and Missouri. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 757; 1849: Tacit ina. Phyto setosa Coquillett, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 99 ; Sept., 1895.) clesides Walk. Genus MAUROMYIA, new genus. The characters of this genus may be gleaned from the following description of the type species: Black, the palpi yellow; front in the male one and two-thirds times, in the female slightly over twice, as wide as either eye, ocellar bristles projecting obliquely forward, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male, frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal joint, sides of face at narrowest point each one-thii(Las wide as the median depression, thickly covered with black bristles, cheeks in the male slightly narrower, in the female broader, than the eye height, vibrissa' widely separated, inserted on a line with the front edge of the oral margin, facial ridges bristly on the lowest fourth or third, facial depression carinate in the middle, antennae reaching tin1 oral margin in the male, but only reaching to lowest fourth of face in the female, third joint in the male six, in the female three, times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal half, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; palpi clavate, short, less than half as long as the proboscis beyond the basal articulation, the latter slightly over one half as long as height of head, eyes bare, head in profile nearly quadrangular, as long at the vibrissa1 as at base of antenna', the face slightly concave; thorax gray pollinose, marked with three black vittae, three. postsutural and two sternoplenral macro- cha'ta1, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs; abdomen shining, last three segments whitish pollinose at the bases, bearing discal and marginal niacroclneta^ ; wings hyaline, tinged with smoky along the veins, third vein bristly two thirds of distance from base to small cross- vein, hind crossvein slightly curved, nearly perpendicular, situated midway between the small and the bend, the latter nearly rectangular and bearing a short appendage, apical cell closed and petiolate, the petiole almost as long as the hind crossvein; calypteres whitish; hind »Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 237; 1893. 52 tibia* not ciliate, front pulvilli one-half as long as the last tarsal joint; length, 5 to 6 ram. White Mountains, New Hampshire. A specimen of each sex collected by the late II. K. Morrison. Type No. 3530, U. S. National Museum vulla n. sp. Genus CRYPTOMEIGENIA Br. and Berg. Cryptomeigenia Brauer and Bergenstamin, Zweif. Kais. Mus. "Wien, V, p. 311; 1891. Emphanopteryx Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 120; May, 1892. The above synonymy has already been published by Brauer and Bex genstaunn.1 Our single species is black, the second jointof the antennae, the palpi, tibia', and femora partly or wholly yellow; three postsutural and three stcrnopleural macrochata4; length 7 to 10 mm. Toronto, Canada; Franconia, N". H. ; Beverly, Mass.; Ithaca, N. Y.; District of Columbia; and Illinois. (List Dipt. Insects, Part IV, p. 778; 1810: Tachina. Tachina prisca Walker, loc. cit, p. 780. Emphanopteryx enmyo- thyroides Townsend, Trans. Amer. But. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 121; May, 1802. Near Pexomyia, Brauer ami Bergenstamm in litt.) . . thelitis Walk. Genus CERATOMYIELLA Town. Ceratonu/ieUa Townsend, Trans. Am. Km. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 371); Dec, 1891. Our single species is black, the palpi, base of antennae, and the femora yellow, the tibia' brownish yellow; three postsutural and two sterno- pleural macroehaetae; length, 5 mm. District of Columbia, southern Illinois, and Tif'ton, Ga. (Tunis. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 380; December, 1801.) conica Town. Genus EULASI0NA Town. Eulasiona Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 119; May, 1S92. ( >ur species have three postsut ural and two sternopleural macrochaetae : 1. Third vein bearing a single bristle near its base, middle tibia? each bearing a single long macroclneta on the front side near the mid- dle, wings hyline, the bases yellowish ; length, 5 to 7 mm. White Mountains and Franconia, N. II., and Georgia. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 120; May, 1802.) comstocldi Town. Third vein bearing three or more bristles at the base, middle tibiae each bearing three or more long nmcroclneta: on the front side near the middle 2. 2. Sides of face each bearing a row of inacroclnet;e ; black, the tibia' largely yellowish; front in female slightly wider than either eye, sides gray pollinose, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending slightly below base of second antennal joint, antennae five-sixths as long as the face, the third joint two and one-fourth times as long as the second, arista thickened to the middle, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; !Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 199; 1893. 53 sides of face bare except for the row of macrochaetae, cheeks two-fifths as wide as the eye-height; thorax thinly gray polli- nose, marked with four black vittaej scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macrochaetae; abdomen subshining, bases of last three segments lightly whitish pollinose, first segment bearing a marginal pair, second with a discal and a marginal pair of macrochaetae, third with a discal pair and a marginal row, fourth wholly covered except the extreme base; wings tinged with brown along the veins; calypteres yellowish white; length, 7 mm. Fort Wrangel, Alaska. A single female speci- men collected by H. F. Wickham. Type Xo. 3531, IT. S. National Museum spinosa n. sp. Sides of face each bearing only one or two macrochaetae, situ- ated near lower end of eyes; black, the antennae, palpi, tip of scutellum and fourth segment of abdomen yellow; front in both sexes one and two-thirds times as wide as either eye, the sides and face yellowish pollinose, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontals descending to base of third an tennal joint, sides of face covered with black bristly hairs, cheeks three-fourths as broad as the eye-height, antennae three-fourths as long as face, the third joint six times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third or half; thorax gray pollinose, marked with three black vittae, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs and a short apical pair of macroclnetae ; abdomen thinly gray pollinose, subshining, last three segments bearing discal macrochaetae; wings subhyaline, veins faintly clouded with brown ; length, 0 to 7 mm. Opelousas, La. Three males and one female collected in March, 1897, by Mr. G. R. Pilate .setigena n. sp. Genus ADMONTIA Br. and Berg. Admontia Brauer and Bergenstarnm, Zweif. Kais. Mns. Wien, IV, p. 104; 1889. On page 410 of Part V of the above-mentioned work, a species from "X. Amer.'Ms listed as u Admontia americana n.,w but no description of it has to my knowledge been published. Our four species have only three postsutural niacroclueta- : 1. Wings wholly hyaline, or slightly smoky costally, usually three sternopleural macrochaetae 2. Wings whitish hyaline to small crossvein, the remainder brown except the hind margin, which is hyaline; onty two sternopleu- ral macrocluetoe, palpi yellow, legs black, arista thickened to beyond the middle, cheeks one-half as broad as the eye height; length, 7 mm. Northern Illinois. ( Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 55 ; June, 1895.) nasoni Coq. 2. Legs black, two pairs of orbital bristles in both sexes 3. Legs and palpi yellow, no orbital bristles in the male, arista thick- ened on less than the basal third, cheeks one-third as broad as 54 the eye-height, abdomen of female thickly beset with short spines on under sides of the third and fourth segments; length, 8 to 10 mm. Maryland, Dist. Columbia, and Virginia. (List Dipt. Insects, Part IV, p. 77!); 1849: Tachina.). .demylus Walk. 3. Palpi black, third antenna! joint in the male eight, in the female from five to seven, times as long as the second; cheeks at least one-half as wide as the eye-height, front tarsi of female greatly dilated, abdomen destitute of stout spines on the underside. 4. Palpi yellow, insect otherwise black; front of male as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending to apex of second antenna! joint, the pair in front of vertical ones not directed outward, cheeks one-third as broad as the eye-height, sides of face at narrowest part each one sixth as wide as the median depression, each bearing a row of bristly hairs, vibrissa' on a level with front edge of the oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth, antenme as long as the face, the third joint four times as long as t lie second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint as broad as long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a very short apical pair of niacrochaetae ; abdomen thinly gray pollinose, first segment bearing marginal, the others discal and marginal macroehaetae ; front pulvilli scarcely one-half as long as the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles near the base, calypteres white; length, 5 mm. Ala- meda, Oal. Two males bred April 17, 1888, from chrysalids of Ret in ia sp. by Mr. Albert Koebele. Type No. 3532, (J. S. National Museum retinue n. sp. 4. Front in the male one and one-third times, in the female twice, as wide as either eye ; the pair of frontal bristles in front of the ver- tical ones directed obliquely outward, arista thickened on the basal three-fifths, sides of face each bearing numerous hairs not arranged in a single row, the sides yellowish gray pollinose; length, 5 to 8 mm. From the type specimen. Beverly, Mass. ; District of Columbia, and Agricultural College, Miss. (Journ. N. V. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, \). 54; June, 1895.). . . . pergandei Coq. Front in the male slightly wider than, in the female one and one- fourth times as wide as, either eye; the pair of frontal bristles in front of the vertical ones almost perpendicular, arista thick- ened on the basal two-fifths, sides of face white pollinose, each bearing a single row of hairs; length, 5 to (> mm. From the type specimen. Franconia, N. H.; Beverly, Mass.; District of Columbia; Illinois, and Tifton, Ga. (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 58; June, 1895: Hyjwstena.) degeerioides Coq. 55 Genus MEDINA Desv. Medina Desvoidy, Essai sur lea Myodaires, p. 13s ; 1830. Degeeria Meigen, System. Beach. Europ. Zwei. Insekten. Vol. VII, p. 249; 1838. Amedoria Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV. p. 106; 1889. The synonymy of the first two is according to Schiner.1 Brauer and Bergenstamm state2 that Desvoidy placed in Medina species belonging to Admontia and Degeeria, but they do not specify which of these spe- cies belong to Admontia. Since all of the recognized species placed in Medina by Desvoidy at the time of describing this genus belong to Degeeria, there would appear to be no doubt concerning the identity of these two genera. The identity of Amedoria with Degeeria has already been acknowledged by Brauer and Bergenstamm.3 Our single species is black, with a brown tinge, the calypteres yellow, the wings strongly tinged with brown at the base and in front of the fifth vein; three post- sutural and three sternopleural macroclnetie, discal macrochsetse on the last three segments of the abdomen; length, 9 mm. From the type specimen. Mount Washington, New Hampshire. (Journal N". Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. HI, p. 104; Sept., 1895: Degeeria.) washingtonce Coq. Genus SCHIZOTACHINA Walk. Schizotachina Walker, Insecta Saundersiana, Vol. I, p. 2t>4 ; 1856. Our single species is black, the antenna? sometimes largely, and the palpi, yellow; three postsutural and two large and two small sterno- pleural macrochaetae, second and third segments of abdomen bearing only marginal ones; wings hyaline, third vein bearing a single bristle at the base; length, 4 to <> mm. Horseneck Beach, Mass.; Waco, Tex.; and Colorado. (Insecta Saundersiana, Vol. I, p. 276; 185G: Tachina. Tachina e.rul Walker, loc. cit., p. 277.) conrecta Walk. Genus CLAUSICELLA Rond. Clait8icella Rondani, Dipterologia- Italic* Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 61; 1856. Our species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macro- chaetae, body black, the abdomen sometimes with a brassy or violaceous tinge, bearing only marginal macrocluetaj: 1. Wings wholly hyaline, orbital bristles present in both sexes 2. Wings from base to tip of auxiliary vein whitish, thence to tip of second vein brown, the apex and hind margin behind the fifth vein hyaline, third vein bearing a single bristle near its base; black, the abdomen with a strong violaceous tinge; front of female one and one-third times as wide as either eye, two pairs ■Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 533; 1862. -Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 232; 1893. 3Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 356; 1891. 56 of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending to middle of second an tennal joint, antenna' as long as tlie face, the third joint three times as long as the second, two and one-half times as long a< wide, arista thickened on the basal two-thirds, the penultimate joint three times as long as broad, two fifths as long as the last joint; vibrissa slightly below level of front edge of oral margin, only two or three bristles above each; thorax gray pollinose, not vittate, scutellum the same, bearing two pairs of long mar- ginal macroclnetaB and a short apical pair; abdomen gray pol- linose on bases of the second and third segments, second segment bearing a marginal pair of macroclneta', the third with a mar- ginal, the fourth with a discal, row; calypteres white; length, 4 mm. Natrona, Pa. A single female specimen collected by Mr. C.W.Johnson, July 31, 1895. Type No. 353G, IT. S.National Museum johnsani n. sp. 2. Third joint of antennae in the male truncate at the apex, where it is over twice as wide as at its base, its upper edge nearly straight; length..'} mm. Southern California; and Owl Creek Mountains, Wyoming. (Konig. Sven. Fiegatt. Eugenies Hesa, p. 527; 1808: Lopkosia. Clausicella < mm. White Mountains and Franconia. N. II.: Beverly and New Bedford, Mass.; District of Columbia; Georgia; Illinois; Tucson, Ariz.; Palm Springs and Los Angeles Co., Cal., and Allende, Mexico. From the type specimens. (Journal X. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol.111, p. 57; June, 1895. Hypostena 2)u.sillax Coquillett, loc. cit., p 58.) barbata Coq. •This is the female of barbata; in the description of the latter, through an error in the printing, the male sign ( J ) was used in the place of the female ( 9 ), and vice versa. The two females from California nucler harbat a do not have diseal oiacroehietae on the second and third segments of the abdomen, as erroneously stated in the descrip- tion; they belong to vanderwulpi Town. 63 Abdomen wholly shining and destitute of pollen ; front in male three- fifths as wide as either eye; wholly black, no orbital bristles in male, frontals descending below the arista, facial ridges bristly to the lowest frontal bristles, antennas as long as face, the third joint six times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths ; thorax shining, a whitish pollinose vitta in the middle in front of the suture, lateral edges also whitish polli- nose: wings hyaline, two bristles at base of third vein, calyp- teres whitish; length, 1 mm. BiscayneBay, Florida. A single male specimen collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. . . nitens n. sp. 10. Front of female only two- thirds as wide as either eye, facial ridges bare, scutellum bearing only two pairs of long marginal macro- ehaetae, third joint of antennae three times as long as wide; length, .'>..") mm. St. Augustine, Fla. (Proceedings Acad. Xat. Sci. rhila., p. 313; Sept., 1895.) maculosa Coq. Front of female almost as wide as either eye, facial ridges bristly on the lower half, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macroeha t;c: basal three-fifths of the last three segments of abdomen, except a dorsal vitta on the first two, gray pollinose; length, 5 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Entom. Xews, Vol. Ill, p. 131 ; June, 1892 : Myothyria.) vanderwulpi Town. Genus DIDYMA v. d. W. Dichjma van der Wulp, Biologia Cent.-Amor., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 156; June, 1890. Our species are black, with at most the palpi and sides of the abdo- men partly yellow, hind tibia' on the outer side ciliate with short bristles: 1. Second, or at least the third, abdominal segment bearing discal macrochaetae 2. Second and third, ablominal segments destitute of discal macro- cha^ta*, palpi yellow, hind crossvein slightly curved, nearer to the bend of the fourth vein than to the small crossvein; length, 6 mm. Lake Worth, Fla. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt., Vol. II, p. 163; June, 1890.) inconspiam v. d. W. 2. Hind crossvein curved S-shape, nearer to the bend of the fourth vein than to the small crossvein, palpi j^ellow; length, 1.5 mm. Kirkwood, Mo. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt., Vol. II, p. 100; June, 1890.) exigua v. d. W. Hind crossvein almost straight, midway between the small and the bend, palpi black: length, 5 mm. District of Columbia. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt., Vol. II, p. 161; June, 1890.) . . ti inula v. d. W. 64 Genus MACQUARTIA Desv. Macquartia Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 204; 1830. Amedea Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 207. Albinia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 2<>i>. Aporia Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Supp. I, p. 16S; 1846. (Non Huebner; 1816.) This synonymy, with the exception of the last one, is given by Schi- ner;1 the name of Aporia having previously been employed in the Lepidoptera, the species heretofore placed in this genus may with pro- priety be placed in Macquartia, to which genus our species has been referred by Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift. Our single species is black, the base of the antenna', palpi, and apex of proboscis, yellow; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochaetae; length, 8 to 10 mm. Mount Washington, N. H.; New Bedford, Mass.; District of Columbia; Aurora -Mills, Oreg., and Siskiyou County, Cal. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part [V, p. 841; 1849: Dexia. Aporia limacodis Townsend, Psyche, Vol. VI, p. U75; June, 1892. Macquartia sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) jwistis Walk. Genus HYALURGUS Br. and Berg. Hyalurgu* Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kate. Mna. Wieu, VI, p. 136; 1893. Our species is black, tin- base of antenna', palpi, apex of proboscis, seutellum, tibia1, and tarsi, yellow; three postsutural and three sterno- pleural macroeliata', last three segments of abdomen bearing diseal and marginal maeroch;et;e. middle tibia' each bearing three inacrochsetse on the front side near the middle; length, 7 mm. Illinois. (Can. Ento- mologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 81 ; April. 1892 : Macquartia,). .johmoni Town. Genus POLIDEA Macq. Harrisia Meigen, System. Beach. Eur. Zweif. Inaekten, Vol. V.II, p. 260; 1838. (Xon DesYoidy; 1830.) J'oHden Macqaart, Anna Irs Sue. Ent. France, p. !>2; 1818. Somoleja Rondani, Atti Soc. Italiaua Sri. Nat., Vol. VIII, p. 3."); 1865. Polidea was proposed for the genus Harrisia of Meigen, the latter name having been previously used in the Diptera. According to Brauer and Bergenstamm, Harrisia of Meigen is identical with Somoleja of Eondani.2 Our single species has the body and sides of the front shining black, with a tinge of bronze, almost destitute of pollen ; three postsutural and three sternopleural inacrochreta', last three segments of abdomen bearing diseal ones, third vein bristly at least halfway from base to small crossvein, middle tibiae each bearing two or more macro elneta' on the front side near the middle ; length, 5 to 7 mm. Georgetown, Canada ; White Mountains and Francoiiia, N. H. ; Xew Bedford, Mass. ; ] Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 528; 1862. -Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 231: 1893. 65 South Windsor, Conn.; Oonstantine, Mich.; Northern Illinois, and Los Angeles County, Cal. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. TOG; 1849: Tachina, Tryphera americana Townsend, Can. Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 78; April, 1892. Tryphera polidoides Townsend, loc. cit., p. 79. Polidea americana Townsend, loc. cit., p. 82: from a cotype specimen. Somoleja sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) . areos Walk. Genus HYPOCELETA Br. and Berg. Hypochceta Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 93; 1889. The type species is black, the first two antennal joints, palpi, apex of proboscis, and the tibia;, yellowish; three postsutural and two sterno- pleuial macroeha'ta1; length, 5 mm. White Mountains, X. H. (Fauna Austriaea, Vol. I, p. 527; 1802: Frivaldskia.) longicomis ' Schiner. Genus PELATACHINA Meade. Hyria Desvoidy, Histoire Naturelle Dipteres, p. 1100; 1863. (Xon Lamarck, 1819; )ion Stephens, 1829.) Pelatachina Meade, Entomologists' Monthly Magazine, Vol. XXX, p. 109; 1894. The above name was proposed for the genus Hyria of Desvoidy, the latter name having been previously used in the Molliisca and also in the Lepidoptera. Our single species is black, including the palpi; frout of female as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, and behind the posterior pair a pair of outwardly curving macrochsetae slightly in front of the lowest ocellus ; frontal bristles descending to basal fourth of the sec- ond joint of the antenna1, face golden yellow pollinose, cheeks nearly one- third as broad as the eye height, vibrissa' on a level with front edge of oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth, antenna' nearly as long as the face, the third joint one and one-half times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint broader than long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with three black vittie, three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochrcta*, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs, abdomen gray pollinose and with darker reflecting spots, hairs depressed, first segment bearing a marginal pair of macrochieta', second with two discal and a marginal pair, third with three discal pairs and a marginal row; middle tibiae each bearing three or more on the front side near the middle; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two bristles near the base, fourth vein beyond the bend arcuate; calypteres white, narrowly margined with brown; length, 9 mm. No locality, but evidently from the United States. A single female speci- men. Type No. 3540, U. S. National Museum. (Hyria sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) pellucida n. sp. 'This species is referred by Schiner to the Tachina longicomis of Fallen, but judg- ing from tbe description the two species arc very distinct, a conclusion already reached by Brauer and Bergenstamm. 3359 5 66 Genus RACODINEURA Rond. Roeselia Desvoidy, Essai Bur lee Myodaires, p. lir>; 1830. (Xon Hnebner, L816.) Racodineura Rondani, DipterologiaB Italiea- Prodromns, Vol. IV, p. 31; 18(11. The latter term was proposed by Ron dan i to take the place of Roes- elia, which had previously been used in the Lepidoptera. Our single; species is black, the antennas, lower part of face, palpi, femora, and tibia' yellow: front of female slightly over twice as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending to tip of sec- ond antennal joint; sides of face at narrowest point each almost one- half as wide as the median depression, thinly bristly one-fifth of distance from lowest frontal to the vibrissa*, the latter on a level with front edge of oral margin; ridges bristly on the lower half, but the uppermost bristles very short ; cheeks slightly over one-half as broad as the eye height : antenna* almost as long as the face, the third joint five times as long as the second, arista thickened to the middle, the penultimate joint broader than long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta\ four postsutural and three stcniopleural mac iochat;i' ; sciitelluni bearing four long marginal pairs; abdomen opaque gray pollinose, first tine*' segments bearing marginal macrocha'ta', mid- dle tibia' each bearing three or more on the front side near the middle; wings hyaline, the base grayish, third vein bearing a single bristle near the base, hind crossvein nearly straight, midway between the small and the bend of the fourth: calypteres white; length, 9 mm. Tifton, Ga. A female specimen collected October L,1896,by Mr. G-.R. Pilate. Type No. 3545, I . S. National .Museum americama u. sp. Genus ERVIA Desv. Ervia Desvoidy, Kss;ii siir lea Myodaires. p. 225; L830. Our single species is black, the face and more or less of the antenme, femora, and tibia-, also the greater portion of the sides of the first three segments of the abdomen in the male, yellow; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrocha'ta'; length, 7 to 10 mm. Agricultural College, Miss., and Lul'kin, Tex. (Encyclopedic Methodique, Vol. VIII, p. 423 ; 1811 : Ocyptera.) triquetra Oliv. Genus LESKIA Desv. Leskia Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 100; 1830. MyoJria Desvoidy, loe. cit., p. !»8. (Non Beyden: 1826.) Solieria Desvoidy. Annates Soc. Ent. France, [». 461; 1818. Orillia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 474. Awthoica Koudani, Dipterologiae Italics Prodromus, Vol. IV, p. 8; 1861. I'l/rrosia Roudani, loc cit., p. 48. Rondani proposed the name Anthoica for Myobia, which is preoccu- pied in the Arachnida, and erected the genus Pyrrosia to include Les- kia, Solieria, and Orillia. Brauer and Hergenstanirn place Leskia and 67 Myobia as subgenera of Pyrrosia,1 but make no mention oi' the other three names. Our species have yellow legs; three postsutural and three sternopleural macroclnetai : Scutellum largely or wholly black; abdomen yellow, in the male marked with a dorsal vitta and usually the base of the fourth segment, in the female with a dorsal vitta on the first two seg- ments, black; length, G mm. Bucks and Delaware counties, Pa. (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 105; Sept., 1805: Myiobia.) thecata Coq. Scutellum and abdomen yellow, last two or three segments of the latter sometimes marked with a dorsal spot of brown or black; length,? to 11 mm. Andover, Mass. ; Ithaca, N.Y.; Jacksonville, Fla., and Onaga, Kans. (Journal Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila., Vol. VI., p. 177; 1829: Bexia. Myiobia depile Coquillett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila., p. 313; Sept., 1895.). . . .analis Say. Genus LESKIOMIMA Br. and Berg. Leskiomima Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 372; 1891. The type species is yellow, the upper part of the occiput, dorsum of thorax, tarsi, and usually a few spots on the abdomen, black; usually three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochsetae; length, 0 to 8 mm. White Mountains ami Frauconia, N. II.; New York, N. Y.; Ches- ter County, Pa.; Virginia; North Carolina, and Lake Worth, Florida. ( Ausser. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 251; 1830: titouiojcys. Leskiomima tenera Wied., JBrauer and Pcrgenstamm in litt.) tenera Wied. Genus APINOPS, new genus. The characters of this new genus may be gleaned from the following description of the type species: Black; head at vibrissas slightly longer than at base of antenna1; front, including the vitta, gray polli- nose, in the male about one half, in the female two thirds, as wide as either eye; ocellar bristles directed forward, frontal bristles descend- ing nearly to middle of second antennal joint; three pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male; antennae six-sevenths as long as the face, third joint one and one-half times as long as the sec- ond, rounded at the tip, arista bare, thickened to the middle, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; sides of face bare, each at narrowest part scarcely one-tenth as wide as the median depres- sion ; vibrissa1 strong, situated on a line with front edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each; cheeks one-seventh as wide as the eye height; proboscis slender, rigid, the portion beyond the basal articulation one and one sixth times as long as height of head, labella not developed ; palpi minute, scarcely longer than broad, tipped with a short bristle ; thorax grayish pollinose, marked with four black 1 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 140; 1893. 68 vittae; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochsetae ; scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macrochaetse; abdomen shining, a pair of marginal macrocha'ta' on the tirst and second segments and a marginal row on the third; genitalia projecting at least twice the length of the fourth abdominal segment beyond the latter, curved beneath the abdomen: tirst segment of abdomen in the female greatly dilated vent rally; hind tibia' not ciliate with bristles; front pul villi in female one-half as long as, in the male about as long as, the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, a single bristle at base of the third vein, other veins bare, apical cell open at the extreme tip of wing, bend of fourth vein arcuate, hind crossvein nearly perpendicular, midway between the small crossvein and bend of the fourth vein; calypteres white; length, \ to 5 nun. Southern Illinois. Two males and one female collected by Charles Robertson. Type No. 3559, V . S. National Museum . .atra n. sp. Genus LEUCOSTOMA Meig. Leucostoma Meigen, in [lliger'a Magazin fur [nsektenkunde, Vol. II, p. 27!); 1803. Clelia Desvoidy, Bssai but lis Myodaires, p. 255; is:!". Psalida Rondani, Dipterologiw [talicie Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 7(!; L856. This synonymy is given by Schiner1 and repeated by Brauer and Bergenstamni.2 Our species are black, the palpi sometimes yellow; three sternopleural and usually three postsutural macrocha'ta' : 1. Thorax shining, almost destitute of pollen, frontal vitta at the lowest ocellus narrower than either side of the front at the same point, scutellum bearing three pairs of marginal macrocha'ta', first two segments of abdomen each bearing a marginal pair, palpi yellow 2. Thorax opaque, densely gray pollinose, frontal vitta of female at the lowest ocellus twice as wide as either side of the front, palpi black; front of female one and one-third times as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, cheeks one-sixth as wide as the eye-height, antenme two thirds as long as the face, the third joint as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal three- fifths, the penultimate joint shorter than broad; thorax not dis- tinctly vittate. scutellum densely gray pollinose, bearing two pairs of long marginal macrocha'ta', abdomen shining, basal half of the last three segments gray pollinose, tirst two segments destitute of macrocha'ta', those of the other two segments very short, genitalia of female claw-like, curved beneath the body; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two or three bristles near the base, hind crossvein straight, one and one-third times as long as the last section of the third vein, situated midway between the small crossvein and the bend; calypteres white; length, 5 mm. Clementon, N. J. A single female specimen collected 1 Fauna Austriaca,. Vol. I, p. 542; 1862. sZweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, Index; 1893. 69 May 30, 1895, by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Type Xo. 3563, U. S. National Museum subopaca n. sp. 2. Abdomen entirely destitute of pollen; length, 1 to 5 mm. White Mountains, Xew Hampshire; Massachusetts, and northern Illi- nois. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 380; December, 1891.) atra Town. Abdomen grayish pollinose on the bases of the last three segments; length, 4.5 to 7 mm. Maryland; Tifton, (ia.: Las Truces, X. Mew; Canon City, Colo., and Washington. (Can. Entomologist. Vol. XXIV, p. 81; April, 1891* : Phyto. Leucostomfr neomexicana Townsend, loc. cit., p. 169; July. Phyto nigricornis Townsend, loc. cit., p. 170; from a cotype specimen.) senilis Town. Genus SCIASMA, new genus. The characters of this genus may be gleaned from the table of genera given in a previous part of the present work and from the following description of the type species: Black, the antennae and palpi yellow, tin1 femora sometimes partly or wholly yellow; front of male from as wide to twice as wide, in the female six times as wide, as width of low- est ocellus, bare except the frontal bristles which descend to base of second antenna! joint, ocellar bristles wanting, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male; cheeks one-tenth as wide as the eye-height, sides of face bare, each scarcely as wide as the lowest ocellus, eyes bare, vibrissa- on a level with front edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each; head at vibrissa- almost as long as at base of antenna-, antenna' from three-fourths to four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint twice as long as the second, arista, bare, thick- ened on the basal fourth, the penultimate joint shorter than broad; body shining, destitute of pollen; two postsutural and three sterno- pleural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing two marginal pairs, abdomen of four segments, the first two destitute of dorsal macrochaetae, the third and fourth each with a marginal row, genitalia of male large, curved beneath the third and fourth segments of the abdomen, in the female nearly concealed in the fourth segment: wings hyaline, costal cell brown, a brown spot extending from the hind crossvein to tip of second vein, and from the costa to the fourth or fifth vein: third vein bearing a single bristle at its base, hind crossvein straight, at first third or two- fifths of distance from the small to bend of fourth, the latter arcuate and destitute of an appendage, apical cell closed, third vein ending at the extreme wingtip, its last section as long as the hind crossvein; calypteres white except apical half of hind ones, which is black: hind tibia- not ciliate, dilated in the male, front pulvilli in both sexes almost as long as the last tarsal joint ; length, 3 to 1 mm. Xew Bedford, Mass. ; Jamesburg. X. ,1.. and Tifton. (ia. Twenty-six males and one female, collected by Dr. Garry deX. Hough. Mr. 0. W. Johnson, and Mr. G. R. Pilate. Type No. 3564, U. S. National .Museum nebulosa n. sp. 70 Genus HYALOMYODES Town. Jfi/alomt/odes Townsend, Psyche, Vol. VI, p. 429; April, 1893. Our single species is black, the palpi yellow; eyes of male almost contiguous, but in the female separated at least one and one-half times the width of the lowest ocellus; abdomen on last three segments gray pollinose, the second and third segments in the female each bearing a pair of large triangular black spots, indistinct or wanting in the male; front pulvilli of female less than two-thirds as long as the last tarsal joint; length, 4 to 5 mm. White Mountains, X. II.; Xew Bedford, Mass.; Maryland; Tifton, (ia., and Colorado. (Dipt. Ainer. Sept. Indig.j Centnria IV, No. 85; L863: Hyalomyia. Hyalomyodes weedii Townsend, Psyche, Vol. VI, p. 430; April, 1893.). . .triangulifera Loew. Genus CESTROPHASIA Br. and Berg. (Estrophana P>rnuer niid Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, 1 \\ p. 115; 188tt. Phanopteryx Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. fit., p. IK!. Neoptera van der Wulp, Biol. Cent. -Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. if;."); June, 1890. Cenosoma van der Wulp, loc cit., p. L66. Euosetropharta Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 133; Jnne, 1892. The synonymy of the last two with CEstrophasia, and of Neoptera with Phasiopteryx, has already been given by Brauer and Bergen- stanun.1 Phasiopteryx is not sufficiently distinct from CEstrophasia to be retained as a distinct genus. Our species have three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochsetse : 1. Wings destitute of brown rnai kings 3. Wings distinctly marked with brown 2. 2. Discal cell crossed by a brown crossbar) d, hind crossvein not wholly bordered with brown, a brown border to the fifth vein and a brown crossband beyond the discal cell; yellow, an ocellar dot and usually from one to three spots or a fascia on hind margin of each segment of the abdomen, and sometimes one or more on the thorax, black ; length, 1 to 5 mm. Toronto, Canada; Franconia, N. II.; Philadelphia, Pa., and Florida. (Biol. Cent. Amer., Dip tera, Vol. II, p. 107; June, 1890: Cenosoma.). .Hgnifera v. d. W. Discal cell not crossed by a brown crossband, hind crossvein bor- dered with brown, second basal and anal cells, and wing in front of third vein from humeral to slightly beyond small cross- vein, also a brown crossband extending over the hind crossvein and bordering the fifth vein except near base of discal cell, brown ; yellow, the upper part of the occiput sometimes blackish, thorax sometimes black dorsally, or with two vitta&and an ante- rior spot black; abdomen with the hind margin of each segment Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, pp. 218 and 234; 1893. 71 black and sometimes with a black dorsal vitta; length. 5.~) mm. Tewksbury, Mass., and Veta Pass. Colorado. (Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 1^5 ; 1881): also in lift.) elausa Br. and Berg. 3. Antenna' reaching- at least halfway to the oral margin, the tip less than the length of the second joint from the point where the facial ridges approach each other the most closely; snbniarginal cell in the male scarcely over one-half as wide as the greatest distance from the third vein to the hind margin of the wing, front in the female noticeably widening anteriorly 4. Antenna' reaching two fifths of distance from their base to the oral margin, the tip nearly three times the length of the second joint from the point where the facial ridges approach each other the most closely; front in female three-fourths as wide as either eye, its sides parallel. (According to Brauer and Bergenstamm. the siibmargiiial cell in the male is as wide as the greatest distance from the third vein to the hind margin of the wing, and the second vein near its middle and the costa opposite it are greatly swollen.) Length. 8 nun. Texas, i Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 117 : 188!) : Phasiopteryx. Also in lift. | . . bilimelcii Br. and Berg. 4. Front in the male nearly one-half, in the female two-thirds, as wide as either eye: second vein in the male with a large swelling near tin' middle and another on the costa opposite it; subinar giual cell almost twice as wide as length of the hind crossvein; length, 5.5 to 7 nun. Charlotte Harbor. Florida. (Journal N. V. Knt. Soc, Vol. III. p. 52; June, 181)."): Clytiomyia. Phasiop- teryx MUmekii Br. and Berg., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift. ) .'. .punctata Coq. Front in the male scarcely one-eighth, in the female one and one- third times, as wide as either eye; second vein destitute of a swelling, sub marginal cell less than two thirds as wide as length of hind cross vein; length, 7 to 8 mm. Georgia, Texas, and Colorado. (Annales Soc. Entomol. France, p. 208; 1888: Pyr- rosia.) oehracea Bigot. Genus CLYTIOMYIA Rond. Clytia Pesvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 287; 1830. (Xon Lamarck, 1812; nan Hnebner, 1816.) Clytiomya Rondani, Dipterologiae Italic* Prodromns, Vol. IV, p. 9; 1861. The latter term was proposed to take the place of Clytia, which had been used twice previously as a generic name. Our species have three postsutnral and two sternopleural macrochaetae : Legs black, entire insect, except the yellow palpi, black; calypteres white, wings hyaline; length, 7 mm. Washington. (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc. Vol. Ill, p. 53; June, 1895.) atrata Coq. Legs yellow; head and its members except the eyes and upper part of the occiput, usually the apex of scutellum, and abdomen 72 except a dorsal row of spots and the hind edges of the last two segments, yellow: last two segments of abdomen sometimes almost wholly black: length, 5 to 8 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire, and Agricultural College. Miss. (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII. p. 372; December, 1891 : Glytia. Redten- bacheria sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) flava Town. Genus EUTRIXA, new genus. The principal characters of this genus have been given in the table of genera on previous pages of this work. The type species is black, the lower part of the front, face, antenme. base of arista, cheeks, pro- boscis, palpi, femora, and tibia', yellowish; apex of antenme and the proboscis sometimes brown; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochaetae; apex of antenna' less than the length of the second antenna] joint from the point where the facial ridges approach each other the most closely: length, (J to 8 mm. Franconia, X. II.: Maty- land, and District of Columbia. (List of Dipterous Insects. Part IV, ]>. 753; 1S1!>: Tachina. Clytiomyia exile Coquillett, Journal X. V. Ent. Soc, Vol. III. p. 53; June, 181)5.) masuria Walk. Genus XANTHOMELANA v. d. W. Xanthome! ana van der Wulp, Tijd. voor Entomologie, Vol. XXXV, ]». 188; 1892. Xanthomelanodes Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXV, ]>.l(i7: .Inly. 1893. The latter name was proposed for Xanthomelana under the mistaken idea that this inline is preoccupied by Xanthomelon : but the two terms do not conflict with each other. Our two species have three post- sutural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing two marginal pairs; wings on costal half or less brown, the remainder hyaline or subhyaline: 1. Oral margin bearing black macrochaetae in addition to the vibrissa1, legs black, bases of femora yellow 2. Oral margin destitute of black macrochaetae besides the vibrissa1, legs yellow, apices of tibia- and the tarsi black; black, the antenme, lace, cheeks, palpi, abdomen except a spot on each side of tirst segment at its base and a triangular dorsal spot on posterior part of second and third segments, coxae, femora, and tibia' except the apices, yellow; abdomen shining, the fourth segment and sometimes the base of the third thinly yellowish pollinose: wings hyaline, the costal margin to slightly below t\\e, third vein smoky brown; posterior calypteres yellow, the bases white: length, 7 mm. Ilorseneck Beach, Mass. A specimen of each sex collected August 1, 1896, by Dr. Garry deN. Hough. Type No. 3568, U. S. National .Museum flavipes n. sp. 73 2. Abdomen black, sides of first two segments and usually the front corners of the third, yellowish, front femora almost wholly black, three sternopleural macrochsetae ; length , G mm. Colorado and southern California. (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. VI, p. 173; 1821): Ocyptera. Stevenia pictipes Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 254; 1888.) arcuata Say. Abdomen wholly yellow, front femora broadly yellow at the base; two sternopleural macrochaetae ; length, G mm. Northern Vir- ginia. (Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, Vol. VI, p. 172; 1829: Phasia. Tachina corythus Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 797; 1819. Wahlbergia atripennis Town- send, Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, Vol. II, p. 145; April 2, 1891.) atripennis Say. Genus HEMYDA Desv. Hemyda Desvoidy, Essai stir les Myodaires, p. 22(5; 1830. Our single species is black, the palpi, humeri, a large spot on each side of the second abdominal segment at the middle, the front corners of the third segment, the coxsb, tibia' and a large portion of the femora, yellow; three postsutural and one sternopleural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three marginal pairs; frontal vitta highly polished; length, 11 mm. Northern Illinois. (Loc. cit.) aurata Desv. Genus BESKIA Br. and Berg. Beslcia P>raner and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Museum Wieu, TV, p. 139; 1889. Ocyptero8tpha Townsend, Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. II, p. 79; June, 1894. This synonymy has already been published by Dr. Williston.1 The type species is black, the abdomen yellow, calypteres white, wings smoky, three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae; length, 6 mm. Boykins, 7a.; Tifton, (la.; and Texas. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 79(>; 1811): Tachina. Beskia comuta Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 170; 1889. Ocyptero- sipha willistoni Townsend, Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. II, p. 79; June, 1891.) celops Walk. Genus IS0GL0SSA Coq. Isoglossa Coquillett, Canadian Entomologist. Vol. XXVII, p. 125; May, 1895. The type species is black, the palpi, sides of last three abdominal segments except the hind margins of the second and third, and the apex of the abdomen, yellow; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae; length, G mm. From the type specimen. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Loc. cit., p. 126.) hastata Coq. Manual X. Amer. Diptera, p. 119; 1896. 74 Genus EPIGRIMYIA Town. Epigrimyia Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. Will. ]>.:;7r>; December, 1891. Drepanoglossa Townsend, loc. cit., p. 377. Siphoclylia Townscml. loc cit., Vol. XIX. p. 117: May, 1892. Siphopkyto Townsend, loc. cit., p. 127. Coronimyia Townsend, loc. cit.. ]>. 128; June, 1802. This synonymy is original with the writer, and, in the case of Dre- panoglossa, is based upon cotypes received from Mr. Townsend. The open or closed apical cell is not a character of generic importance; in a given species, sonic specimens have it open while in others it is closed. All of our species have on the fourth segment of the abdomen only a snbmarginal row of macrochaetsB : 1. Femora yellow, three postsutural and three sternopleural macro- chsetae ii. Femora and tibia' black 4. 2. Scutcllum yellow 3. Scutellum and proboscis black, the latter beyond the basal articu- lation one and one third times as long as height of head, fourth segment of abdomen reddish yellow, sides of first two segments usually yellow: length, 4 to 7 mm. Tifton,Ga. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 117; May, 1892: Siphoclytia.) robert8onii Town. ."». Arista thickened on at least the basal two-fifths, proboscis beyond the basal articulation twice as long as height of head, three times as long as the palpi; length, 6 mm. From two cotype specimens. Las Crimes. N. Mew (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII, p,378; December, 1891 : Drepanoglossa.) . . .luccns Town. Arista thickened on the basal fourth, proboscis one and one half times as long as height of head, twice as long as the palpi; length. S mm. Southern California. From the type specimen. (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVII, p.126; May,1895: Dre- panoglossa.) occidental is ( 5oq. 1. Abdomen not pollinose on broad apex of each segment 5. Abdomen wholly pollinose. three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochsetne, proboscis beyond the basal articulation one and one half times as long as height of head, palpi yellow; length. 5 mm. From the type specimen. California. (Canadian Entomol- ogist, Vol. XXVII. ]>. 128; May, 1895: Siphopkyto.). <>\>(u-(i Coq. f>. Palpi yellow (i. Palpi black, three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae, proboscis one and three- fourths times as long as height of head ; length, 5 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire; Woodbury, N. J.; Suffolk, Va., and Tifton, Ga. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 376 ; I >ecember, 1891.) polita Town. 75 6. Proboscis at most one and one-half times as long as height of head, three postsntural and four sternopleural inacrochretre, second and third segments of abdomen shining except on base of each 7. Proboscis three times as long as height of head, four postsutural and four sternopleural macrocnaetae, second and third segments of abdomen each marked with two shining black, triangular spots; length, 5 mm. Maryland. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 129; June, 1892: Coronimyia.) geniculata Town. 7. Third joint of antenna? strongly concave on the front edge; length, 5 mm. White Mountains, Xew Hampshire: District of Colum- bia; Virginia, and Southern Illinois. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 128; May, 1892: Siphophyto. Siphophyto neomexi- canus Townsend, 1. c. Gymnopareia americana Br. and Berg. MSS., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) floridensis Town. Third joint of antennae strongly convex on the front edge; length, 4 mm. Southern California. (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVII, p. 127 ; May, 1895 : Siphophyto.) setigera Coq. Genus SIPHONA Meig. Siphon a Meigen, in Illiger's Magazin fur Insektenkundc, Vol. II, p. 281; 1803. Bucentes Latreille, Genera Crust, et Iusectorum, Vol. IV, p. 339; 1809. This synonymy is given by St. Fargeau and Serville,1 and repeated by most later authors. Our species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetse, third vein bristly at least halfway to the small crossvein, two pairs of orbital bristles in both sexes, palpi and greater part of femora and tibiae yellow: 1. Terminal section of proboscis laterally compressed and widened, at most three-fourths as long as height of head. 2. Terminal section bristle-like, at least as long as height of head; abdomen opaque gray pollinose, black, the sides of the first two or three segments sometimes partly or wholly yellow ; length, 3 to G mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains and Franconia, X. II.; Beverly, Mass.; District of Columbia; North Carolina; northern Illinois; Colorado; England, and Austria. Two males and one female from Austria received from Brauer and Bergen- stamm, and by them labeled Siphona geniculata Meig.; also three females from England, received from E. Brunetti, and by him labeled Siphona geniculata. (Memoires servir Ilistoire Insectes, Vol. VI, p. 20; 177<) : Musca. The following synonymy is by St. Fargeau and Serville, in Encycl. Methodique, Vol. X, p. 501; 1828: Stomoxys minuta Fabrieius, Systema Antliatorum, p. 282; 1805. The following is by Meigen, in Syst. Iiesch. Eur. Zweif. In., Vol. IV, p. 151, 1824, and repeated by most later authors: Bucentes cinereus Latreille, (Ten. Crus. Insect., Vol. IV, p. 339; 1800. The ^ueyclopodie M6thodique; Vol. X, p. 500; 1828. 76 following is by Macquart, in Ann ales Soc. Entomol. France, p. i>(.)4: 1845: Siphona dnerea1 Meigen, System. Besch. Eur. Zweif.'Ins., Vol. IV, p. 156; 1824. The following is by Rondani in Dipt. Italicae Prod., Vol. Ill, p. 1<>, 1859, and is repeated by Schiner: Siphona nigrovittata and analis Meigen, System. Besch. Enr. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. IV, p. 157; 1824. Syphona persilla Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myod., p. 9:>; 1830. Syphona tris- tis Desvoidy. Ann ales Soc. Entomol. France, p. 203; 1850. Syphona fusdcornis and consimilis Desvoidy. Ioc. cit., p. 205. The following' is by the writer: Siphona illinoiensis Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. Vol. XVIII, p. 368; December, 1891. Siphona sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in Utt.)..geniculata~DeG. 2. Abdomen opaque gray pollinose, black, the sides of the first two segments sometimes partly or wholly yellow, terminal joint of the proboscis at least two-thirds as long as height of head; length. .■') to 4.5 nun. From the type specimen. Southern Cali- fornia. (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVII, p. 125; May, 1895. Siphona sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) plusice Coq. Abdomen shining, destitute of pollen, yellow, a dorsal vitta and hind margins of hist three segments black; insect elsewhere black, the face, palpi, apex ot* scutellum, coxa1, femora and tibiae yellow, apices ot femora brown, frontal vitta brownish yellow, antenmc and proboscis yellowish brown, the base and- apex of the latter more yellow, terminal joint of proboscis one-half as long as height of head, thorax gray pollinose, not distinctly vittatc scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs and a short apical pair of raacrochajtae, last three segments of abdomen bearing only marginal ones: wings hyaline, calypteres whitish; length. I mm. Kirkwood, Mo. Three female specimens from Miss M. E. Murtfeldt. Type No. 3574, I . S. National Mu- seum brevirostris n. sp. Genus HETEROPTERINA Macq. Heteropterina Macquart, Annales Soc Ent. France, ]». Ii'tl; 1854. Our species is black, the palpi and usually the base of the antenna', sides of first three segments ot the abdomen, femora, and tibia1 yellow: last three segments ot abdomen each marked with a transverse row of live black spots, two of which are on the lateral margins; three post sutural and two sternopleural macrocha'ta', scutellum bearing three marginal pairs; length, 3.5 to 5 mm. From the type specimen. North- ern Illinois; Colorado, and Los Angeles County, Oal. (Entomological News, Vol. VI, p. 207; April, 1895.) nasoni < 5oq. 'On page 501 of the Encyclopedic M6thodique, Vol. X, 1JS2S, St. Fargean and Ser- ville propose the name of Meigeni tor dtinea Meigen, which had been previously used in this genus by Latreille, and 11ns name must therefore also be added to the synonymy. 77 Genus PLAGIPROSPHERYSA Town. Plagiprospherysa Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 113; May. 1892. Our species is black, the lirst two joints of the antennae, palpi, apex of scutellum and sometimes the front corners of the second and third segments of the abdomen, yellow; three postsutural and three sterno- pleural inacrochaetae, two on the front side of each middle tibia near its middle; length, (3 to 9 mm. Georgia; Organ .Mountains and Las Cruces, N. Mex., Colorado, Tenino, Wash., and southern California. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 124 ; May, 1890 : Prospherysa. Plagi- prospherysa valida Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 1L'3; May, 1892. Plagiprospherysa floridensis Townsend. loe. cit., p. 114.) parr I palp is v. d. W. Genus METAPLAGIA Coq. Metaplagia Coquillett, Journal N. V. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 1<>2; September, 1895. Our species is black, the tirst two joints of the antenna' and the palpi, yellow; three postsutural and three sternoplenral macrochaetae; length, 7 mm. From the type specimen. San Diego County, Cal. ( Loe. cit., p. 103.) occidentalis Coq. Genus PARAPLAGIA Br. and Berg. Paraplagia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mils. Wien, V, p. 354; 1891. Our two speeies are black, the first two joints of the antennae and palpi yellow; three postsutural and three sternoplenral macrochaetae : Third joint of antennae at most one and one-half times as long as the second, third vein bristly almost to tip of discal cell, first seg- ment of abdomen destitute of macrochaetae; length, 6 to 8 mm. District of Columbia; northern Illinois, and Colorado. (Ann ales Soc. Eritomol. France, p. 262; 1888: Heteropterina. Paraplagia cinerea Coquillett, Journal X. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. Ill, p. 101; Sep- tember, 1895.) spinosula Bigot. Third joint of* antenna' three times as long as the second, third vein not bristly to the small crossvein, tirst segment of abdomen bear- ing a pair of long macrochaetae ; front of female one and one-fifth times as wide as either eye. three pairs of orbital bristles, the median pair small, frontal bristles descending to tip of second antennal joint, sides of face wholly covered with short hairs and each bearing a row of about six macrochaetae, cheeks nearly one-half as broad as the eye height, arista thickened on the basal two-thirds, the penultimate joint one and one-half times as long as broad; thorax thinly gray pollinose, marked with four black vittre; abdomen white pollinose on bases of last three segments, these bearing discal and marginal macrochaetae; wings hyaline, 78 calypteres white; Length 8 mm. Missouri. A single female specimen bred from an unknown Lepidopterous larva on Trios- tciim. Type No. 3578, U. 8. National Museum . . . .erucicola n. sp. Genus CYRTOPHL(EBA Rond. Cyr tophi veba Rondani, Dipterologiie [talicte Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 68; L856. Our single species is black, with a strong tinge of bronze, the palpi and first two joints of the antenna' yellowish, three postsutural and three sternopleural inacrochretae, second and third abdominal segments bearing discal and marginal ones: length, 7 to 10 mm. Toronto, Canada; New Bedford and Hyde Park, Mass.; Ithaca, N. Y., and northern Illinois. (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. Ill, ]>. 101; Septem- ber, 1895.) horrida ' Coq. Genus PLAGIA Meig. Plagia Meigen, System. Beech. Eur. Zweif. Insekton, Vol. VII, p. 201; 183£ Our species has three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochsetse, proboscis thick, fleshly, less than twice as long as thick, basal half of palpi and the antenna' black, lowest frontal bristles directed down- ward, third vein at most bristly slightly beyond the small cross vein; length, 7 to 0 mm. Northern Illinois; St. Louis, Mo.; Los Angeles County, Oal.; Allende and Diaz, Mexico. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. [I, p. 102; March, 1890. Plagia auHfrons Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 67 j .March, 1892.) americang, v. d. W. Genus SIPH0PLAGIA Town. Siphoplagia Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 349; November, 1891. Our species are black', the first two joints of antenna', lower part of lace, cheeks, and palpi, yellow; body subopaque gray pollinose, thorax marked with four black vittae; three postsutural and three sterno- pleural macrocha'ta\ middle tibia- each bearing lour on the front side near the middle, second and third segments of abdomen bearing only marginal macrochaetae; length, 8 mm.: Fifth vein bare, middle pair of orbital bristles very small. Los Ange- les County, Cal. (Trans. Araer. Ent. Soc., Vol. Will, p. 350; November, 1891.) anomala Town. Fifth vein bristly, middle pair of orbital bristles as large as the others. Toronto. Canada, and Colorado. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p 102; March, 1890: Plagia.) rigidirostris v. d. W. 'The Cyrtophlceha horrida Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Torino, Italy, Vol, VIII, p. 6, 1893, does not belong to this genus, since the hind crossvein is nearly perpendic- ular, the iirst vein hristly, etc. 79 Genus DISTICHONA v. d. W. Distichona van der Wulp, Biologia Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. II; Jan., 1890. Pseudogermaria Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. V\Tien, V, p. 352; 1801. Olenochceta Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 114; May. 1892. This synonymy is original with the writer. Our two species have four postsutural and four sternopleural inacrochaetae, palpi yellow: Apical cell open; scutellum largely, sides and fourth segment of the abdomen, also the femora and tibia', yellow; length, 8 mm. Georgia. (Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wieu, V, p. 3512; 1891 : Pseudoger- maria.) georgice Br. and Berg. Apical cell short petiolate; scutellum, abdomen and legs, black; length, 5 to 8 mm. District of Columbia; Tifton, Ga.; Agri- cultural College, Miss. ; San Diego and Xueees, Tex. ; and Las Cruces, X. Mex. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Dipt., Vol. II, p. 44; January, 1800. Olenochceta Jcansensis Town send, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Yol. XIX, p. 115; May, 1892.) varia v. d. W. Genus CH^ITOGLOSSA Town. Chcetogloava Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, ]>. 125; May, L892. • Our species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macro chada1, thorax gray pollinose, marked with three broad, black vittse, wings hyaline, calypteres whitish: Third joint of antenna' black; black, the second joint of the anten na? yellow; length, 0 mm. Southern Florida. (Loc. cit., p. L26. CJuvtoglossa nigrigalpis Townsend, loc. cit.) violce Town. Third joint of antenna' yellow; black, the antennae and palpi yellow; length, 0 mm. Southern Florida. (Loc. cit.) . .pictieomis Town. Genus PACHYOPHTHALMUS Br. and Berg. Pachyophthalmus Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wieu. IV. p. 117; 1SS9. SarcomacronyrMia Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc,., Vol. XIX, p. 100; May, L892. This synonym has already been published by Brauer and Bergen stamm.1 Our species have the thorax gray pollinose and marked with three black vittae ; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochaetae : Fourth segment of abdomen wholly black ; black, including the palpi ; length, 5 to 8 mm. White Mountains and Franconia, X. 1 1. ; New Bedford, Mass.; Berkeley, W. Va. ; North Carolina; Centerville, Fla., and Austria. A female from Austria received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them labeled Pachyophthalmus signatus Meig. (System. Besch. Eur. Zweif. Tnsekten, Yol. IV, p. 303; Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 195; 1893. 80 1824: Tachina. Pachyophthalmns aurifrons Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 354; November, 1891: from a cotype specimen. Pachyophthalmus sp., and Sphixapata sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm inlitt.) signatus Meig. Fourth segment of abdomen largely or wholly yellow, insect else- where black; Length, 5 to \) mm. Tifton, (la. ; Lake Worth, Fla.; Waco, Tex.; Colorado, and Santa Cruz Mountains and Los Angeles County. Call (Entomological News, Vol. Ill, p; SO; April, 1892. Sarcomacronychia unica Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 101 ; May, 1892. Sarcomacronychia sar- cophagoides Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 16o; July, 1892. Sarcomacronychia trypoxylonis Townsend, Bulletin Ohio Agr. Exper. Station, Vol. I, No. 3, p. 165; April, 1893.) Jloridcnsis Town. Genus SENOTAINIA Macq. Senotainia Macquart, Dipt&ree ESzotiques, Supplement I. p. nil; 1846. Arrenopus Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mub. Wien, Vol. V, |». 360; 1891. Our species have three postsutural and two sternoplnral macrocha> ta\ two pairs of orbital bristles in both sexes; thorax, scutelluin, and . black : 1. Third joint of antennae black 2. Third joint of antenna' yellow, last three segments of abdomen gray pollinose on the bases, that on the second and third pro- longed to the hind end of the segments in the middle of the dorsum, where it incloses a black triangle; sides of abdomen sometimes partly yellow: length, t to .7 mm. Toronto, Canada; New Hampshire; Springfield, Mass.; Maryland; Tift on, Ga.; Georgiana, Fla.; Lexington, Ky. ; northern Illinois; LasCruces, N. Mex., and southern California. (Dipteres Exotiques, Supp. 1, ]>. 107; 1846. Miltogramma erythrocera Thomson, Kongliga Sven. Fregatten Bugenies Uesa, Diptera, p. 523; 1868. Milto- gramma fulvicornis van der Wulp, Biol. Cent. -Amer., Diptera, Vol. [I, p. 89; March, 1890. Miltogramma flavicornis Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XVIII, p. 355; November, 1891. Miltogramma similis Townsend, loc. cit., p. 357. Miltogramma kansensis Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 68; March, 1892. Miltogramma decisa Townsend, Entomological News, Vol. Ill, p. 81 : April, 1892.) rubriventris Macq. 2. Abdomen wholly black 3. Abdomen yellow, base of the first segment, apex of the fourth, and the genitalia, black, bases of the last three segments white pollinose, abdomen elsewhere shining, second segment destitute of a marginal pair of macrochaetae ; sides of front and the face silvery white pollinose. antemiaj black ; thorax gray pollinose, 81 the vittae indistinct; wings hyaline, calypteres white; length, 3 mm. Las duces, N\ Mex. Two male specimens collected September 17, by Mr. T. D. A. Oockerell. Type ^o. 3580, U. S. National Museum nana n. sp. 3. Second segment of abdomen bearing a distinct marginal pair of macrochaetae, abdomen gray pollinose, usually marked with two or three rows of blackish spots; length, 3 to 6 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains, New Hampshire; Springfield, Mass.; New York City, X. Y.; Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; Tifton, Ca.; Texas; Colorado; Washington, and southern Cali- fornia. ( Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. N9 ; March, 1890 : Miltogramma. Arrenopus americana Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wieu, V, p. 301; 1891. Miltogramma argen- tifrons Town send, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, A^ol. XVIII, p. 357; November, 1891. Miltogramma cinerascens Townsend, loc. cit., p. 358. A rrenopus sp., and Sphixapata sp., Brauer and Bergen- stamm in lift.) trilineata v. d. W. Second segment destitute of a marginal pair of macrochsetae, abdo- men shining, bases of last three segments white pollinose; black, the frontal vitta, first two joints of antennae and the palpi, yel- low; sides of front and face white pollinose, thorax whitish pollinose, the vitta not distinct, wings hyaline, calypteres white; length, 3 nun. Las duces, N. Mex. A single male specimen collected September 17 by Mr. T. I). A. Cockerell. Type No. 3581, r. S. National Museum "... fasciata n. sp. Genus PSEUDOTRACTOCERA Town. Pseudotractocera Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 107; May, 1892. Our species has three postsntural and three sternopleural macro- chaetae, is black, the first two joints of the antenna' and the palpi yellow; apex of antenna' distant from the oral margin the length of the third antenna! joint; length, 7.5 mm. From a co-type specimen. Las Cruces, N. Mex. (Loc. cit., p. 108.) neomexicana Town. Genus BI0MYIA Rond. Fabricia Meigen, System. Besch. Eur. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. VII, p. 250; 1838. (Non Blainville; 1828. Non Desvoidy; 1830.) Biomya Rondaui, Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus, \rol. I, p. 72; 1850. Viviania Rondaui, loc. cit., Vol. IV, p. 53; 1861. Masvphya Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 313; 1891. Viviania was proposed for the genus Fabricia of Meigen, the name Fabricia having been previously used by at least two different authors. On the same page Rond an i acknowledges that his genus Biomyia is synonymous with Viviania. Specimens identified by Brauer and Ber- genstamm as Masiphya brasiliana, the type species of this genus, do not possess any character of sufficient importance to warrant its sep- < 3359 0 82 aratioD from Biomyia.1 Our species have only three sternopleural macro chaetse, the sesond and third Beginents of the abdomen destitute of discal ones, second joint of antenme and the palpi, yellow: 1. Thorax bearing only three postsutural maeroclneta' 2. Thorax bearing four postsutnral inacrocha3tse, middle tibiae each bearing only one on the front side near the middle, scutellum and sides of first three segments of the abdoinem black, apex of the fourth segment yellow, antenme two-thirds as long as the face: length, 11 mm. Florida. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila- delphia, p. 309; September, 1895: Masiphya.) aurigera Coq. 2. Antenme at least three -fourths as long as the face; scutellum and abdomen wholly black .... 3. Antenme two-thirds as long as the face, middle tibiae each bearing two or more macrochsetae on the front side near the middle; apex of scutellum and sides and apex of abdomen yellow; length, 9 to 12 mm. District of Columbia; Maryland: Vir- ginia; Tii'ton, Ga.; Biscayne Bay, Fla., and Los Angeles Co., Cal. (Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien. V, p. 313; 1891: Masiphya. Also in lift. Tachinomyia floridensis Townsend, Trans. Amer. Knt. Sue. Vol. XIX, p. 97; May, 1892.). brasiliana Br.and Berg. 3. Cheeks one-fifth as broad as the eye height, front in each sex one- half as wide as either eye, abdomen subopaque gray pollinose, hind margins of the second and third segments and reflecting spots darker; length, 5 to 6 mm. Amherst, .Mass., and Los Angeles County. Cal. (Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien. 7^.312; L891 : Viviania, Masicera sortycolor Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. Will, ]>. 359; December, 1891. Pseudotractocera calasomas Coq. MS.. Burgess in Kept. Mass. State Board Agric, p. 83; January, 1897.) georgiw Br. and Berg. Cheeks one-tenth as broad as the eye height, front of female as wide, as either eye: black, the palpi and apex of proboscis yellow; frontal bristles descending almost to apex of the second an ten nal joint, five pairs of orbital bristles in the female, sides of face at narrowest part each one-tenth as wide as the median depres sion. vibrissa- half the length of the second antennal joint above the oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth, antenme reaching slightly below lowest third of face, the third joint one and one-half times as long as the second, arista thickened almost to the middle, the penultimate joint as broad as long; thorax thinly gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs of macrocha-ta*, abdomen 1 An Austrian specimen received from Brauer and Bergenatamm and by them labeled Viviania pacta Meig., lias the apical cross vein strongly concave, and not straight, as stated by these authors in Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. Ill; 1893. 83 subshiuing, last three segments lightly grayish pollinose except their apices, each segment bearing marginal macrochaetae, wings *hyali»e, base of third vein bearing three bristles near the base, apical cell closed and very short petiolate, ending slightly before the extreme wing tip ; calypteres whitish : length, 4 mm. Tifton, Ga. A single female specimen collected in June, 189G, by Mr. G. li. Pilate. Type No.3582, U.S.Nationa] Museum. genalis n.sp Genus ATACTA Schiner. Atacta Scliiuer, Reise der Fregatte Novara, Diptera, p. 328; 1868. Our single species is black, the apex of the scutellum yellowish, the fourth segment of the abdomen wholly golden yellow; front of male less than one-third as wide as either eye, the sides bluish-gray polli- nose and thickly covered with short suberect hairs, frontal bristles descending nearly to middle of second antennal joint, cruciate except the vertical pair; checks one-fourth as wide as the eye-height, face yellow poll i nose, the ridges broadly bordered internally with black, sides of face at narrowest part one-third as wide as the median depres- sion, vibrissa' situated two-thirds the length of the second antennal joint above the level of front adga of oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fifth, antennae two-thirds as long as the face, the third joint slightly longer than the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint broader than long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, four postsutural and l'onr sternopleural macro- chaetae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal; abdomen gray pollinose on the first three segments, the first two destitute of dorsal macrochaetae, the last two each bearing a marginal row; front pul villi as long as the last tarsal joint, middle tibiae each bearing four or more macrochaetae on the front side near, the middle: wings hyaline, third vein bearing two or three bristles near the base, calypteres white; length, 12 mm. Tifton, Ga. A single male specimen collected Sep- tember 28, 1896, by G. R. Pilate. Type Xo. 3Z83, U. S. National Museum apicalis n. sp. Genus SIPHOSTURMIA, new genus. The principal characters of this genus have been given in the table of genera on previous pages. The type species is black, the first two joints of antenna', lower part of face, palpi, scutellum, apex of abdomen, and sometimes the sides, yellow; four postsutural and four sterno- pleural macrochaetae, two or more on front side of each middle tibia near the middle, marginal ones on the first three, or the second and third, segments of abdomen ; length, 10.5 mm. Tifton, Ga., and Florida. (Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 10G; September, 1895: Argyro- phylax.) rostrata Coq. 84 Genus BELVOSIA Desv. ■» Belrosia Desvoidy, Essui sur les Myodaires, ]». L03; L830. Latreillia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. L04. (Non Rous; L827.) fYillUtonia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. K;iis. Mas. Wien, IV, p. (J7; 1889. The identity of Belvosia and Latreillia has been acknowledged by several authorities; and Brauer and Bergenstamm state1 that the lat- ter (the name of which is preoccupied in the Crustacea) is a subgenus of Willistonia. Our species have tour postsutural and four sterno- pleural niaerochaetse: 1. Third abdominal segment yellowish pollinose except apically, wings brownish 2. Third segment destitute of yellowish pollen, abdomen gray polli- nose except on the fourth segment, which is yellow pollinose, frontal vitta yellow, wings hyaline; length, 10 to 12 mm. Mas- sachusetts; Ithaca and New York, N. Y.; Chicago, 111.; Tifton, (la.; and Mississippi. (Bssai sur les Myodaires, p. 105; L830: Latreillia. Exori&ta flavicauda Riley, Second Kept. Ins. Mis- souri, p. 51; L870: t'roin the type specimen.).. unifasciata Desv. 2. Sides of face at narrowest part each one-third as wide as the median depression, frontal vitta yellow, abdomen black, bases of last three segments yellowish gray pollinose; length, 11 mm. Charlotte Harbor, Florida. (Troc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila., p. 312; September, L895.) si 088 once Ooq. Sides of face at narrowest point each more than one half as wide as median depression, frontal vitta dark brown, abdomen black, the last i wo segments except their apices yellowish pollinose, baseof the second sometimes also narrowly yellowish pollinose; relation of second and third antennal joint varies as follows: female, third joint U. LJ, i?, '2\ times as long as the second; male, third joint 2J, 3, '■>.[. and A times as loug as the second; facial ridges bristly in female .\. '/;. and H, in male § to {distance above the vibrissa' ; length, 13 to 17 mm. Springfield, Mass.; District of Columbia; North Carolina; Tifton, (Ja. ; Mississippi; St. Louis, Mo. ; Illinois; Los Angeles Co., Cal. ; Waco, Tex., and Mexico. ( Sy sterna Entomologire, p. '77; 1775: Musca. Belvosia bicincta Desvoidy. Bssai sur les Myod., p. 103; 1830. Latreillia bifaseiata F., Brauer and Bergenstamm inlitt). .bifasciata Fabr. ■Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 213; 181)3. 85 Genus MELANOPHRYS Will. Melanophrys Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 305; November, 1886. Atropharhla Townsenrt, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 92; April, 1892. Mr. Tbwusend lias already acknowledged this synonymy.1 Onr species are black, the arista and usually the palpi and calypteres yel- low, bases of wings strongly tinged with yellow; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochsetae : Second abdominal segment bearing a marginal pair of macrochretre, the third segment bearing a marginal row of from six to eight; length, 14 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Yol. XIII, p. 306; Xovember, 1886.) flavipennis Will. Second segment destitute of a marginal pair of macrochsetae, the third usually bearing a dorsal pair and a single lateral one each side; length, 12 to 14 mm. Grimsby, Canada; Franconia and White Mountains, Xew Hampshire; northern Illinois, and Colo- rado. (Insecta Saundersiana, Yol. I, p. 277; 1850: Tachina. Atroph arista jurinoides Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Yol. XIX, ]>. 92; April, 1802. MelanopJirys flavipennis Will., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) insolita Walk. Genus APHRIA Desv. Aphria Desvoidy, Essai snr les Myortaires, p. 89; 1830. Olivier ia Meigen, Systematische Besch. Eur. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. ATII, p. 2<)t>; 1838. (Non Desvoidy, Essai sur lea Myod., p. 228; 1830.) Rhynchosia Macquart, Annales Soc. Ent. France, p. 87; 1818. Macquart (loc. cit.) proposed the name Rhynchosia for the genus to which Meigen had given the name of Olivieria, owing to the fact that Desvoidy had previously used the latter name for an entirely different genus. The synonymy of Rhynchosia and Aphria was first pointed out by Kondani,2 and is repeated by Schiner:! and also by Brauer and Bergenstamm.4 Our single species is black, the frontal vitta, the first two joints of the antenna' usually, the palpi, and sides of abdomen largely, yellowish ; male destitute of orbital bristles; three postsutural and three sternopleural inacrochaet»3 ; length, G to 10 mm. Toronto, Canada; Massachusetts ; Atco, 1ST. J. ; Georgia; northern Illinois; Colo- rado; Washington, and southern California. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 361; December, 1891. Aphria sp., Brauer and Bergen stanim in litt.) ocypterata Town. •Trails. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 72; March, 1895. 3Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus, Vol. I. p. 73; 1856. 3 Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 432 ; 1862. 4 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 237 ; 1893. 86 Genus OCYPTERA Latr. Ocyptera Latreille, HistoLre Nat. Crust, et Insectes, Vol. XIV, p. 378; 1804. Parthenia Desvoidy, Essai sur lea Myodaires, ]>. 231; 1830. This synonymy is given by Scbiner ' and repeated by Brauer and Bergenstamm.2 Our species have three postsutural and two or three sternopleural macrochsetae : 1. Scutellum bearing one pair of long marginal and sometimes a short apical pair of maerockaetae 2. Scutellum bearing two pairs of long marginal and a short apical pair of macrochaetaB; abdomen black, the sides of the second and third segments partly or wholly reddish yellow; length, 8 to 11* nun. Canada; Springfield, Mass. : Connecticut; Cape May, N.J. ; Maryland: Tifton, (ia.: Selma, Ala.; Tennessee; Lexington, I\y.: Michigan: Illinois: Cadet , Mo. : Kansas: Colorado: Santa Crnz Mountains and Los Angeles County, Cal. (Essai sur leS Myodaires, p. 232; 1830: Parthenia. Ocyptera dotades^W alker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, ]). 694 ; 1849. Ocyptera epytus Walker, loc. cit. Ocyptera euchenor Walker, loc. cit., p. G0(>. Ocyptera califomica Bigot, Annales Soc. Entomol. France, p. 42; 1S7S. Ocyptera fumipennis Bigot, loc. cit., p. 43. Ocyptera binotata Bigot, loc. cit., p. 44. Ocyptera sp., Brauer and Bergen- stamm in lift.) Carolina I >esv. 2. With a short apical pair of macrochaetae on the scutellum; abdomen black, the front corners of the third segment sometimes faintly reddish; length ,7 to 8 mm. Westville, N. J.; Delaware County, Pa.; northern Virginia; and Missouri. ( I *roc. En t. Soc. Wash- ington, Vol. II, p. 1 1 1 : April 2, 1891.) argentea Town. Without an apical pair of macrochaetae on the scutellum; abdomen black, the sides of the second and front corners of the third seg- ment reddish yellow: length, 7 to 10 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire; Horseneck Beach, Mass.; northern Illinois; Georgia; Louisiana; Texas: and Reno, Nev. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 695; 1849. Ocyptera sp., Brauer and I>er- genstamm in litt.) dosiades Walk.3 Genus LINNiEMYIA Desv. Linnwmya Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 52; 1830. Bonnetia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 55. Bonellia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 56. Marshamia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 57. Micropalpus Macquart, Historic Nat. Insectes, Dipteres, Vol. II, p. 80; 1835. The author last mentioned referred the above four names of Desvoidy to one genus to which he applied the name of Micropalpus, but the law 1 Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 412; 1862. "Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 235; 1893. ■Oci/ptera Uttiirata Olivier belongs to the Dexid genus Euantha, and is the same species which Wiedemann afterwards described na Dexia dives. 87 of priority compels us to adopt the oldest name. Our species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macrocliaetse ; front tarsi of female as broad as the apex of the front tibia', in the male much narrower: Cheeks bearing black maerochsetae in the centers, frontal vritta black or dark brown, male destitute of orbital bristles, his genitalia at most projecting one-fifth the length of the fourth abdominal seg- ment beyond the latter, hind erossvein bent nearly S-shape; length, 11 mm. White Mountains, Few Hampshire 5 Beverly, Mass., and Austria. Two males and one female from Austria received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them named Micropalpus hcemorrhoidalis Fall, and Micropalpus pudicusliond., but both names are evidently wrong, since the male of hcemor- rhoidalis is provided with orbital bristles, and pudicus has no black inacroclnet;e on the center of the cheeks. (System. Besch. Eur. Zweif. Insekten. Vol. IV. p. 2(51: 1824: Tachina.) picta Meig. Cheeks destitute of black macrochaetae near the centers, frontal vitta light yellow, male provided with two pairs of orbital bristles, his genitalia projecting nearly half the length of the fourth abdom- inal segment beyond the latter, hind crossvein nearly straight; length, 9 to 12 mm. London. Canada; Maryland; District of Columbia: Texas; Santa Fe, X. Alex.; California, and Pullman, Wash. (Kongl. Svenska. Vetensk. Akad. Ilandlinger, Vol. X XX I ; L810: Tachina. Tachina fulgent Meigeu, System. Besch. Eur. Zweitl. Insekten, Vol. IV, p. 2.")!); 1821. Linncemya heraclcei Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p, 53; 1830. Linncemya analis Desvoidy. loc. cit., p. 54. Linncemya distincta Desvoidy, loc. cit. Linncemya aestivalis Desvoidy, loc. cit. Linncemya borcalis Des- voidy. loc. cit. Marshamia analis I )esvoidy, loc. cit., p. 58. Mar- shamia nigripes 1 )esvoidy, loc. cit. Micropalpus piceus Macquart, Hist. Xatur. Insectes, Dipteres, Vol. II, p. SI; 1835. Micropal- pus sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) comta Fallen. Genus NEM0K3EA Desv. Nemoraa Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires. p. 70; 1830. Our single species is black, the antenna', palpi, and fourth abdominal segment except its extreme apex, yellow; three postsutural and three 1 Meigen did not recognize comta, and therefore unknowingly redescribed it under the name of fulgens; this was suspected by Zetterstedt (Dipt. Scand., Vol. Ill, p. 1097; 1844) and given as certain by Rondani (Dipt. Ttal. Prod., Vol. Ill, p. 70; 1859). The comtu8 of Sehiner, Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I. p. 129, is not that species, but a color variety of hcemorrhoidalis; the species he describes under fulgens is the true comtus. In the Annales Soc. Knt. France for 1844, page 31, Desvoidy acknowledges that his Linnce- mya heracla i, analis. and aestivalis belong to one species, and in the same serial for 1845, page 271, Macquart adds borealis to this list and refers them to fulgens. The name of Micropalpus piceus was proposed by Macquart to take the place of Marshamia analis Desvoidy. The writer is responsible for the synonymy of piceus, distincta and nigripes. 88 sternopleural macrochaetse, scutellum bearing three long- marginal pairs, a distinct brown cloud on the small crossvein: length, 8.5 mm. From the type specimen. Washington. (Jour. X. Y. Ent Soe., Vol. Ill, p. 101 ; September, 1895.) labis Coq. Genus PANZERIA Desv. Panzeria Desvoidy, Essai snr lcs Myodaires, p. 68; 1830. Ernestia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 60. J'ansla Desvoidy, loc cit.. p. 62. Erigone Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 65. (2fon Savigny, L827.) This synonymy has been given by various authors, and. with the exception of Erigone, is repeated by Brauer and Bergenstamm. Eri- gone they retain as a distinct genus, but the name is preoccupied in the Arachnid a, and the species they place in it arc too closely allied to Panzeria to be separated generically. Our species have three sterno- pleural liiacrocha'ta', and the small crossvein is not clouded with brown: Scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macrochaetse besides the apical pair: body very robust, front tarsi of female greatly dilated, usually lour but sometimes only three postsutural macroch;ct;c; coloring variable, the second antenna! joint, palpi, apex of scutellum and of abdomen usually yellow but sometimes black; length, 7 to 11 mm. Mount Washington and Franconia, N.H.: New Bedford, Mass. j Riverview, Md. ; District of Oolum bia: St. Louis, Mo. ; Waco, Tex.; Brookings, S. Dak. ; Colorado; San Francisco, Oal. ; 01ymphia,Wash.; British Columbia: Bohe- mia, Austria: Germany, and England. A male from Austria received from Brauer and Bergenstamm, and by them labeled Erigone radicum Pabr.; two males and one female from Ger- many, received from Zeller and by him labeled Wemorcea radi- cum; also a male from England received from Brunetti and by him labeled like the last. (Systema Entoinologise, p. 77S; 177f>: Musca. The following synonymy is given by Schiner, Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 452: Erigone anthophila Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 66; 1830. Erigone scutellaris Desvoidy, loc. cit. Erigone puparum Desvoidy, loc. cit. Erigone viridulam Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 68. Erigone duhia Desvoidy, loc. cit. Nemoram minor Macquart, Annales Soc. Ent. France, VpL VI, p. 112; 1818. The following is original with the writer: Taehina ampelus Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 732; 1819. Hy.stricia aldrichi Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 91; April, 1892: from a cotype specimen. Erigone sp. Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) radicum Fabr. Scutellum bearing only two pairs of long marginal macrochaetse be sides the apical pair; body slender, front tarsi of female not dilated; black, including the palpi; front of male three-fifths as Avide as, in the female slightly wider than, either eye, two pairs 89 of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male, frontal bristles descending below middle of second antemial joint, cheeks one- fourth as wide as the eye-height, facial ridges bristly on the lowest fourth, antenna1 four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint one and one-half times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth, the penultimate joint shorter than broad ; thorax gray pollinose, marked with three black vitta\ three postsntnral machrochaetae ; abdomen thinly gray pollinose and with blackish reflecting spots, last three segments bearing discaland marginal macrochsetae ; middle tibia' each bearing two or more macro- chaetae on the front side near the middle, front pulvilli of male as long as the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bear- ing one or two bristles near the base; calypteres white; length, 9 mm. Norfolk, Va., and Kirk wood. Mo. Four males and two females. Type No. 3580, U. S. National Museum, .penitalis.n. sp. Genus MACROMEIGENIA Br. and Berg. Macromeigenia Brauer and Bergeiistamm, Zweif. Kais. Mas. Wien, V, p. 311; 1891. The type species is black, the first two antennal joints, palpi, and fourth abdominal segment, except sometimes its base, yellow; four postsntnral and three sternoplenral macroclnet;e ; length, 11 to 14 mm. Northern Virginia and Tiffcon, (la. (Ausser. Zweif. Insekten, Yol. II, p. 309; L830: Tachina, Tachina interrupta Walker, Insecta Saunder- siana, Vol. 1, p. 295; 1856.) .... chrysoprocta Wied. Genus GYMN0CH.ETA Desv. Gymnochceta Desvoidy, Essai snr l<\s Myodaires, p. 371 ; 1830. Body, occiput, and sides of front green, antennae and legs black; sometimes the third antennal joint is yellow, and rarely the entire antenna1 is yellow; palpi yellow, frontal bristles in single rows; length, 10 to 12 mm. Newark, N. J., and Colorado. (Diptera Amer. Sept. Indigena, Cent. VIII, No. 61; 1869. Gymnochceta rujicornis Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 302; October, 1886.) . . alcedo Loew. Unrecognized xpeeics. — G. vivida Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. Xlli, p. 302; October, 1886. Pa. Genus METAPHYT0, new genus. The characters of this genus may be gleaned from the above table of genera and the following description of the type species: Black, the apex of the scutellum yellowish; front of female one and one-third times as wide as either eye, two pairs or orbital bristles, frontal s descending to middle of second antennal joint, vibrissa' slightly above the level of front edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each, antenna' nearly four- fifths as long as the face, the third joint one and 90 one-third times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal half, the penultimate joint scarcely longer than wide; thorax thinly gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta', three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing four marginal pairs, abdomen thinly gray poll i nose on the last three segments, which bear marginal macrochaetae; front tarsi noticeably dilated; middle tibia* each bearing three or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae not ciliate outwardly; wings hyaline, the base yel- low, third vein bearing three or four bristles near the base, bend of fourth vein angular and bearing a stamp about as long as the small crossvein, the vein beyond it strongly arcuate, hind crossvein near last fourth of distance Prom the small to the bend; calyp teres white; length, 9 mm. Colorado. Two female specimens collected by Mr. Carl V. Baker. Type No. 3587, U. S. National Museum genalis n. sp. Genus EXORISTOIDES, new genus. The characters of this genus, of which johnsoni is the type species, may be gleaned from the table of genera on preceding pages of this work and from the description of this species given below: Third joint of antenna' concave on the front edge, three or four sternopleural macrochaetae, apex of scutellnm and of abdomen black: black, the palpi, and sometimes the base of the third antenna] joint, yellow; front in male three-fourths as wide as, in the female slightly wider than, either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, frontal bristles descending to the arista, cheeks one-fourth as wide as the eye height, vibrissa' on a line with front edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each, antenna' almost as long as the face, the third joint in the male live, in the female two and one-third, times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two- fifths to three-fifths, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad: thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta', three postsutural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three long- marginal pairs and a short apical pair; abdomen thinly gray pollinose and with reflecting darker spots, last three segments bearing discal and marginal macrochaetae; middle tibiae bearing three or more on the front side of each near the middle, front tarsi of female greatly dilated, front pul villi of male almost as long as the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, first vein bearing two or more bristles on the outer half, third vein bristly almost to the small crossvein, bend of fourth vein almost rectangular, desti- tute of an appendage, vein beyond the bend strongly arcuate, hind crossvein nearly straight, slightly beyond middle between the small and the bend; calypteres white; length, 0 to 7 mm. Eastport, Me.; Franconia, 1ST. IT.; Westville and Clementon, N. J. Three males and three females, collected May 30 and July 91 21, 1805, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson and Mr. C. W. Johnson. Type No. 3588, l\ S. National Museum. (Somoleja sp.. jBrauer and Bergenstamm in lift, i slossonw n. sp. Third joint of antennae strongly convex on the front edge, two steruo- pleural macrochaetse, apex of scutellum and of abdomen, first two joints of antenna' and base of the third yellow: frontal bris- tles descending to apex of second antennal joint, cheeks two- fifths as broad as the eye height: first vein bristly on one-fourth of its length near the middle, the third bristly almost or slightly over halfway to the small crossvein; length, 9 mm.: otherwise as in above description of slossonw. Hertford County, N. ( \, and Reno, Xev. Two female specimens; one collected June !), 1895, by Mr. 0. W. Johnson, the other by Mr. H. F. Wickham. Type No. 3589, I '. S. National Museum John sou i n. sp. Genus HYPHANTROPHAGA Town. Hyphantrophaga Townsend, Psyche, Y<>1. VI, p. 217; April, 1892. Our single species is black, the first two joints of the antennae, palpi, and apex of proboscis yellow; tour postsutural and three sternopleural macroclneta', middle tibiae each bearing a single macroclneta on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae outwardly subciliate. second and third segments of abdomen bearing only marginal, the fourth with discal and marginal macroeh;et;e: length. 7 mm. From a cotype speci- men. LasOuces, X. Mex. (Psyche, Vol. VI, p. 17(1; November, 1891 : Meigenia.) hyphantrice Town. Genus EXORISTA Meig. Exorista Meigen, in ringer's Magazin fur Insektenkunde, Vol. II, ]>. 280; ls<>:;. Lydelhi Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 112; 1830. Phryno Desvoidy. loc. cit., p. 118. Phryxe Desvoidy, loc cit.. p. 158. Carcelia Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 176. ApJomya Desvoidy, loc. cit.. p. 184. Eurygaster Macquart, Histoire Natnrelle Dipteres, Vol. II, p. 11."); 1835. Hubneria Desvoidy, Annales Soc. Ent. France, p. 601; 1847. Nemorilla Eondani, Dipterologiae Italic;!- Prodroums, Vol. I. p. 66; 1856. Blepharidea Eondani. loc. cit., p. 07. Aporomya Eondani, loc. cit.. Vol. Ill, p. 90; 1859. rarexorista Brauer and Bergenstamm. Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 87; 1889. Sisyropa Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. cit., p. 163. Mi/xexorista Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. cit., V, p. 331; 1891. Rondaui places Eurygaster as a synonym of Exorista,1 and in this be is followed by Scbiuer,2 while Brauer and Rergenstamm give this synonymy as probable.3 Scbiuer also gives Lydella, Phryno, Carcelia, 1 Dipterologiie Italic* Prodronins, Vol. III. p. 115; 1859. - Fanna Austriaca, Vol. 1. p. 157: 1862. Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, Index; 1893. 92 Hubneria, and Aporomyia as synonyms of Exorista, and Brauer and Bergenstamm make all of them (with the exception of Aporomyia) synonyms of Parexorista, placing the latter and Xemorilla as sub- genera of Exorista. Aporomyia they place in a separate section, Polidea. but an examination of a specimen received from them under the name of Aporomyia dubia, the species upon which Rondani founded this genus, proves that it should not be separated from Exorista. Blepharidea, Sisyropa, and Myxexorista they place in as many different sections, even putting Blepharidea in two sections, once in the section Masicera and a second time in the section Phorocera, A careful examination of specimens referred by these authors to these three genera failed to reveal a single generic character for separating them from each other or from typical species of Exorista, Moreover, of four specimens of Exorista eudryce submitted to these authors by Dr. Riley, two of the specimens were referred by them to Sisyropa ami two to Myxexorista; and of three specimens of Exorista flaviros- tris. two were referred by them to'Sisyropa ami the remaining speci- men to Myxexorista. These authors give Phryxe as a synonym of Blepharidea. Our species of Exorista are as follows: 1. Second and third segmeuts of abdomen bearing discal as well as marginal inacroclnetae 2. Second and third segments destitute of discal macrocha'ta' II. 2. With three sternopleural macrocha'ta' 5. With only two sternopleural macrocha'ta-, male destitute of orbital bristles, hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, apical cell open 3. 3. Thorax bearing four postsutural macrocha'ta', palpi partly or wholly \ el low 4. Thorax bearing only three postsutural macrocha'ta', scutellum black, hairs of abdomen short, depressed, middle tibia' each bearing a single macrocha'ta on the front side near the middle; palpi yel- low, front in the male one-half, in the female live sixths, as Avide as either eye, third joint of antenna- three and one-half times as long as the second: length, 0 to 0 mm. Franconia, N. II.; Philadelphia, Pa., and northern Illinois. (Canadian Entomolo- gist, Vol. XIX. p. L62; Sept., 1887.) blanda <>. 8. 4. Scutellum yellow, hairs of abdomen rather long and snberect, mid- dle t ilme each bearing two or more macrocha'ta' on the front side near the middle, front in the male one-half, in the female five- sixths, as wide as either eye. third joint of antenna* two and one- half times as long as the second ; length, 8 to 10 mm. Franconia, N. II., Michigan, Tennessee, Georgia, California, and Austria. A female specimen from the Schiner collection, received from Brauer and Bergenstamm under the name of Parexorista che- lon'uv Bond. (Dipt. Italic* Prod., Vol. Ill, p. 120; 1850. Sisyropa sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.). . .chelonia Rond. 93 Scutellum black, middle tibiae each bearing a single macroehaeta on the front side near the middle, front in the male two thirds, in the female live-sixths, as wide as either eye, third joint of antenn;e one and one- half times as long as the second; length, 5 to 8 mm. Franconia, X. H.; Beverly, Mass.; District of Columbia; Charleston, S. C; Biscay ne Bay, Fla. ; Oxford, Ind. ; Moselle, Mo.; Tiger Mills. Tex.; Colorado, and Allende, Mexico. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 754; 1840: Tachina. Taehina [Exorista] phycitce LeBaron, Second Beport Insects Illinois, p. 123; 1872. Exorista scudderi Williston, in Scudder's Butterflies of Xew England, Vol. Ill, p. 1921 ; 1880. Nemorilla sp., Braaer and Bergenstamm in litt.) pyste Walk. 5. Palpi yellow 7. Palpi black, four postsutural macrochaetae, scutellum usually yellow, middle tibia.* each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, apical cell open, male destitute of orbital bristles G. 6. Front in both sexes one and one-fourth times as wide as either eye, third joint of antenna* in the male four, in the female two and one-fourth, times as long as the second, arista thickened to the middle; length, 7 to 8 mm. White Mountains and Franconia, N. II.; Olyinpia, Wash.: England, and Austria. One female from England received from E. Brnnetti and by him named Exorista vulgaris; also two males and one female from Austria, from Brauerand Bergenstamm and named by them Blepharidea vulgaris Fall. (Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Handlinger, Vol. XXXI; 1810: Tachina. The following synonymy is given by Rondani1 and repeated by Schiner:2 Lydella scutellaris Des- voidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. L15; 1830. Exorista distans Macquart, AnnalesSoc. Entomol. France, p. 387 ; 1840. Exorista audax Macquart, loc. cit., p.388. Exorista florida Macquart, loc cit., p. 400. The following synonymy is by the writer: Tachina [Exorista] hirsuta Osteu Saeken, Oauadian Entomologist, Yol. XIX, p. 10.'] ; September, 1887. Blepharidea \hirsuta O. S., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) vulgaris Fallen. Front in the male one half, in the female three-fourths, as wide as either eye: third joint of antennae in the male two and one-half, in the female one and one third, times as long as the second; arista thickened on the basal third ; length, 5 to 8 mm. Toronto, Can.; Franconia, X. II.; Dist. Columbia; Illinois, and southern Cal. (Psyche, Vol. VII, p. 330; Jan., 1890.) . . niaripalpis Town. 7. Thorax bearing four postsutural macrochaetae, apical cell open. . 11. Thorax bearing only three postsutural macrochaetae 8. 8. Middle tibia; each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle 0. 1 DipterologiiE Italic Prodromns, Vol. III. p. 110; 1859. * Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 158; 1662. 94 Middle tibise each bearing a single macroclncta on the front side near tlie middle: scutellum black; apical cell openj front in the female' three-fourths as broad as either eye; face, white pollinose; third joint of antenna' three times as long as the second; length, 6mm. Pranconia, N. H.; Georgia; Missouri, and Texas. (Biol. Cent.Amer., Dipt., Vol. II, p. 64; Feb., 1890.). .ordinaria v.d. \V. 9. Scutelluin largely yellow, front bearing numerous short, nearly erect hairs, third vein bearing two bristles near the base, apical cell open, front in the male two-thirds,' in the female live-sixths, as wide as either eye, third joint of antenna' in the male two and one-fourth, in the female one ami three-fourths, times as long as the second : length. <> to S mm. Toronto, Canada; Fran- eonia. N. II.; Summit County, Colo.; Germany, and Austria. Two females from (lermany received from Zeller and by him named Exorista affinis; also one female from Austria from the old Schiner collection, received from lirauer and Hergenstamni ami by i hem named Parexorista polychceta Macq.] (Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Akad. Eandlinger, Vol. XXXI: L810: Tach- ina. Exorista polychceta Macquart, Ann ales Soc. Entomol. Prance, p. 380; 1849. Tachina epicydes Walker, List of Dip- terous Insects, Part [V, p. 786; L849. Parexorista sp^ Brauer and Bergen s tarn m in lift.) affinis Fallen. Scutellum black, hairs of front short and inconspicuous, front iu the female live-sixths as wide as either eye, the third antennal joint two and one-half times as long as the second. . . : 10. Scutellum black excepl the tip, third joint of antennae live times as long as the second; black", the palpi and extreme tip of scutellum yellow; front of female as wide as either eye, hairs on its sides sparse but rather long, frontal bristles descending almost to base of third antennal joint, sides of face white pollinose, cheeks one-seventh as wide as the eye-height, antenna' almost as longas the face, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint shorter than broad; thorax gray pollinose and marked with four black vittse; scutellum bearing four marginal pairs of macro- cha'ta', the last pair cruciate and directed backward; abdomen subshining, the last three segments gray pollinose except on their apices, the bristly hairs rather long and subdepressed; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two bristles near the base, the fourth strongly arcuate beyond the bend, calypteres whitish; length, 8 mm. University, North Dakota. A single female speci- men collected in June, 1890, by Mr. E. P. Ourrie. . .curriei n. sp. 1 In the Zweif. Kais. Mux. Wien, V, p. 320, these authors give affinis as a probable variety of polychceta, but the two names are evidently referable to one and the same species. Schiner's statement in his Fauna Auetriaca, Vol. I, p. 403, that in affinis the frontal bristles are in a single row, while in polychceta they are in two rows, or irreg- ularly arranged, does not hold true in all the specimens; in one of those from Germany, referred to above, they are in a single row on one side of the front, but are irregularly arranged on the opposite side. 05 10. Third vein bearing three bristles near its base, apical cell narrowly open or closed and short petiolate; body with a brassy tinge; length, 5 toGinm. Colorado and Austria. A female specimen from Austria, received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them named Aporomyia diibia «Bond. (Kongl. Svenska Vet- ensk. Akad. Hand., Vol. XXXI; 1810: Tachina.) dubia Fall. Third vein bristly almost to the small crossvein, body with a bluish tinge; black, the palpi yellow; frontal bristles descending slightly below the arista,, cheeks one-fourth as broad as the eye height, vibrissas on a level with front edge of oral margin, two or three bristles above each, antennae almost as long as the face, arista thickened on the basal half, thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs and a short apical pair of macrocliaetae, abdomen on last three segments thinly bluish-gray pollinose, first seg- ment bearing marginal, the other three with discal and marginal macrocliaetae, bristly hairs of abdomen depressed; fronc tarsi greatly dilated, hind tibia' outwardly bearing a few bristles of unequal length; wings hyaline, hind crossvein nearly straight, fourth vein strongly curved inward beyond the bend; calyp- teres white; length, (> mm. Tifton, Ga. A single female speci- men collected October 20, 1896, by Mr. G. R. Pilate. Type No. 3590, U. S. National Museum spinipennis n. sp. 11. Middle tibiae each bearing two or more macrocliaetae on the front side near the middle L3. Middle tibia1 each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle, hind tibia1 outwardly ciliate 12. VI. Apical pair of scutellar macrocliaetae curving forward, scutellum wholly black, front in the male two-fifths, in the female from two-thirds to three fourths, as wide as either eye, third joint of antenine in both sexes three and one-half times as long as the second; black, the second joint of antenna' usually, the palpi, apex of proboscis, femora usually, and generally the tibia', yellow; face white, sides of front grayish white polli- nose, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, frontal bristles descending to apex of second antennal joint, antenme six-sevenths as long as the face, arista thickened on the basal fourth, the penultimate joint shorter than broad; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a short forwardly directed apical pair of macrocliaetae, abdomen wholly gray pol- linose, with darker reflecting spots, the hairs depressed; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two or three bristles near its base, calypteres white, front pulvilli of male slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; length, G to 9 mm. Cotuid and Boston, Mass. ; District of Columbia ; and Camden, Ark. Four males and three females. Type No. 3591, U. S. National Museum. . boarmhv n.sp. 96 Apical pair, etc.; differs from boarmicc as follows: Front of male slightly wider than either eye, his third antennal joint six times as long as the second, antenna) and legs black, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, abdomen subshining, bases of last three segments grayish pollinose, the hairs snberect and rather long, wings strongly tinged with gray at base and along the costa; length, 7 mm. Mt. Washington, X. II. A single male specimen collected by .Mrs. A. T. Slosson fronto n. sp. Apical pair of scntellar macrocha'ta' directed backward; scutellum on the apex broadly yellow, front of female four-fifths as wide as either eye, third joint of antenna? four and one-half times as long as the second, femora black, third vein bearing four or live bristles at its base; length, 10 mm., otherwise as in the above description of boarmiw. Franconia, N. II. Two female specimens collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Type No. 3592, lT. S. National Museum blandita n. sp. 13. Scutellum black, pollen of thorax gray, hind tibia' not ciliate, front in the female one half as wide a8 either eye, her third antennal joint three times as long as the second; black, the second anten- nal joint, palpi and apex of proboscis, yellow: sides of front des- titute of hairs, in the female bearing two pairs of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending to middle of second antennal joint; thorax gray pollinose. marked with four black vitta', seiitellnm bearing three pairs of long marginal macrochdetae, abdomen whit- ish pollinose, its hairs depressed, apex of fourth segment bare, this segment bearing a discal and marginal row of macrocha'ta'; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles at its base, ca lyp teres white ; length, 7 nun. Dist. Columbia. A single female specimen. Type No.3593; U. 8. National Museum., ./.svrn.sp. Scutellum yellowish, pollen of thorax yellow, hind tibiae outwardly ciliate. front of male two-thirds as wide as either eye, his third antennal joint four and one-half times as long as the second; black, the palpi, tibia' largely, and scutellum yellow; sides of front bearing numerous bristly hairs, no orbital bristles in the male, frontal bristles descending to apex of second antennal joint, thorax yellowish pollinose, marked with four black vitta1, scutellum bearing four pairs of long marginal macrocha'ta; ; abdomen wholly gray pollinose, its hairs rather long and sub- erect; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles near its base, front calypteres white, the hind ones yellowish; front pulvilli of male slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; length, 10 mm White Mountains, N. II. A single male specimen. Type No. 3504, U. S. National Museum helvina n. sp. 14. With four sternopleural macroclneta', hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, middle tibia' each bearing two or more macrocha'ta' on the front side near the middle, scutellum largely yellow, four postsutural macroclnetaj, arista thickened to the middle 15. 97 With three sternopleural macrochsetae 18. Witli only two sternopleural macrocha'ta', hind tibia' outwardly ciliate, arista thickened on the basal third 16. 15. Palpi black, front in the male three-fourths, in the female one and one-sixth times, as wide as either eye; third joint of antenna' in the male live, in the female three, times as long as the second ; length, 5 to 7 mm. White Mountains and Franconia, X. H.; Beverly, Mass.; District of Columbia; Shreveport, La.; Las Cruces, N. Mex. ; Tucson, Ariz.; California, and Austria. Two males and one female from Austria, received from Brauer and Bergenstamm, and by them named Parexorista confinis Fall. (DipteraSueci8e,Muscid3e?p.32; 1820: Tachina. The following- synonymy is given by Kondaniand repeated 1 >y Schiner : Phryxe zonata Desvoidy, Essai sur les My odaires, p. 159 ; 1830. The fol- lowing is by Schiner : Phryxe servillii Desvoidy, 1. c. and Phryxe sabulosa Desvoidy, 1. c. The following is by the writer : Tachina theclarum Scudder, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 100; September, 1887. Exorista chrysophani Townsend,1 Entomo- logical News, Vol. II, p. 197; December. 1S01.) . . .confinis Fall. Palpi yellow, front in the male two-thirds, in the female three- fourths, the width of either eye; third joint of antenna- in each sex four times as long as the second; black, the palpi and scutellum, except at base, yellow; sides of front bearing scat- tered, rather short, hairs; two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male: antennae nearly as long as the face, arista thickened almost to the middle, cheeks one-sixth as wide as the eye height, facial ridges bristly on the lowest fourth to half; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta\ scutellum bearing two long and two short pairs of marginal macrocha'ta1, abdomen on the last three segments gray polli- nose except the apex of each, the hairs depressed; wings hya- line, base of third vein bearing two bristles, calypteres white; front pulvilli of male slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; length, 5.5 to 8 mm. Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia. Two males and five females. Type No. 3595, IT. S. National Museum lobelia' n. sp. 16. With four postsutural macrocha'ta' 17. With only three postsutural macrocha'ta', middle tibia' each bear- ing a single macroclneta on the front side near the middle; black, the palpi, scutellum, femora, and tibia' jellow; front in female two-thirds the width of either eye, the sides bearing numerous rather short hairs, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, frontal bristles descending nearly to apex of second joint of antenna1, cheeks scarcely one-tenth as broad as the 1 Mr. Townsend has admitted the synonymy of chrysophani and theclarum in Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, Vol. XXII, p. 75: 1895. 3359 7 98 eye height, antennae nearly as long as the face, the third joint four times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint shorter than broad, facial ridges bristly on the basal fifth, thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta\ scutellnm bearing four pairs of long marginal inacrochaetae, abdomen on the last three segments gray polli- nose. the hairs rather long and snberect ; wings hyaline, third vein bearing one or two bristles at its base, calypteres white; length. 0 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire, and Frank- ford, Pa. Two females, collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson and Mr. C. W. Johnson. August 20, L895. Type No. 3596, 1". S. National Museum (implexa n. sp. 17. Palpi and legs black, middle tibiae each bearing two or more macro- chaetae <>n the front side near the middle: front in the male three- fourths, in the female one and one-sixth times, as wide a- either eye; a dark brown reflecting spot below each of the lowest frontal bristles: third joint of antenna' in the male three and one half, in the female two and one fourth, times as long as the second; length.'.) to 11 mm. Sharon, Mass.; northern Illinois, < California, and < Oregon. ( Jan. Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 161; September. 1881: Tachina [Exorista], Parexoristd futilis ( ). S.. Brauer and Bergen s tarn m in litt.). . . .futilis O. S. Palpi yellow, mid. lie tibia- each bearing a single macrocha'ta on the front Bide near the middle, front in female three-fifths as wide ither eye. her third antenna! joint three and one half times as long as the second, no dark spots below the lowest frontal bristles; length.9 mm. Dist. Columbia. BiologiaCent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II. p. 74; February, L890.). griseomicans v. d. W. L8. Hind tibia- outwardly ciliate 19. Hind tibia- not ciliate. lour postsutural macrocha-ta-. middle tibiae each bearing two or more macrocha'ta- on the front side near the middle: black, the palpi yellow: front in male two- thirds as wide as either eye, the sides bearing numerous rather short hairs, no orbital bristles in the male, frontal bris- tles descending almost to apexof second antennal joint, cheeks one-sixth as wide as the eye height, facial ridges bristly on the lower half, antennas nearly as long as the face, the third joint four times as long as the second, arista thickened nearly to the middle, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; tho- rax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellnm bearing lour pairs of marginal macrochaetae; abdomen whitish pollinose on bases of last three segments, its hairs subde- pressed; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles near its base, bend of fourth append icul ate. apical cell short petio- late, calypteres white: length, C> mm. Virginia. A male speci- men. Type No. 3597, U. S. National Museum . .petiolata n. sp. 99 19. Palpi yellow on at least the apical two-thirds 22. Palpi, except the tips, black 20. 20. Middle tibiae each, bearing two or more rnacrochaetae on the front side near the middle 21. Middle tibire each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle; black; front of male three-fifths as wide as cither eye, frontal bristles descending to the arista, no orbital bristles, hairs of front numerous and rather long, cheeks one-eighth as wide as the eye height, vibrissas on a level with front edge of the oral margin, ridges bristly on the lowest fourth, antennae almost as long as the face, the third joint six times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth, thorax whitish pollinose, marked with four biack vittse, scutellum bearing three marginal pairs and a short, cruciate apical pair of macroclneta1, the latter curving backward and nearly horizontal; abdomen shining, with a brassy tinge, narrow bases of the second and third segments whitish pollinose. each segment bearing mar- ginal macroclneta', the bristly hairs rather long and suberect; front pulvilli slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two or three bristles near the base; calypteres white; length, 7 mm. Tifton, Ga. A male specimen collected October 17, 1896, by Mr. ( I. K. Pilate. Type No. 3598, U. S. National Museum polita n. sp. 21. With four postsutural macrochaetae (see under 17) futilis O. S. With only three postsutural macrochaetae, front in male four fifths as wide as either eye, his third antennal joint three and one- half times as long as the second, several macrochaetae outside of the frontal bristles; length, 10 mm. Texas. (Biologia Cent.- Amer., Vol. II, p. 70; February, 1890.) angustata v. d. \V. 22. Thorax bearing four postsutural macrocha'ta^, abdomen not tinged with bronze, apical cell open 21. Thorax bearing only three postsutural macroclueta*, scutellum black, middle tibia' each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle 23. 23. Apical cell closed and short petiolate, abdomen strongly tinged with bronze; black, the palpi yellow; front of female one and one- sixth times as wide as either eye, the sides bearing numerous short hairs, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, frontal bristles descending almost to apex of second antennal joint, cheeks nearly one-fourth as wide as the eye height, facial ridges bristly on the lower half: antennae five-sixths as long as the face, the third joint three times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint slightly longer than wide; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three long marginal and a short apical pair of macrochaetae, abdomen gray pollinose on the bases of the last three segments, its hairs closely appressed, 100 the fourth, segment bearing a discal and a marginal row of ma crochaetae; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles near its base, bend of fourth vein not appendicular, this vein nearly straight after the bend; calypteres white; length, 7 mm. Northern 111. A female specimen collected by W. A. Nason. Type No. 3599, U. S. National Museum. . .cerata n. sp. Apical cell open, abdomen not tinged with bronze; black, the palpi and inner side of each antenna largely yellow, sides of front bearing only a few short hairs, cheeks one seventh as broad as the eye height, facial ridges bristly on the lowest fifth, third joint of antennae slightly over twice as long as the second, thorax marked with three black vittae, scutelluni bearing two long and an intermediate short pair of marginal macrochaetae, abdomen on the last three segments gray pollinose and with numerous reflecting black spots, third vein of wing bearing a single bristle near its base, fourth vein strongly curved inward beyond the bend: length, 4 mm., otherwise as above descrip- tion of (vrata. Colorado. A female specimen collected by Carl F. Baker. Type No. 3600, U. S. National .Museum, .parva n.sp. 24. Middle tibiae each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle, third joint of antennae in each sex four times as long as the second 25. Middle tibia' each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle, scntellnin largely yellow, pollen of body gray, front in male three-fifths, m the female t wo-thirds, as wide as cither eye. third joint of antennae in the male three and one- half, in the female thiee, times as long as the second; length, G toll mm. Canada; White Mountains, New Hampshire; New Bedford, Mass. ; Clemen ton, N. J. ; Maryland; District of Co- lumbia: Virginia; Dayton. Ohio, and St. Louis, Mo. (Trans. Amer. Ent.Soc., Vol. X 1 K,p.287; December, 1892. Myxexorista sp., Brauer and Bergen stamm in Utt. Sisyropa sp., Brauer and Bergeustamm in lift.) eudryce Town. 26. Scutelluni largely yellow; hairs on basal half of fourth segment of abdomen two-thirds as long as the macrochaetae, front in the male three-fifths, in the female two-thirds, as wide as either eye, the sides olive gray pollinose and bearing numerous nearly erect short hairs; length, 0 to 0 mm. District of Colum- bia; Jennings, Va.: Fort George, Fla. ; and Miss. (Biol. Cent.- Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. CO: February, 181)0. Myxexorista sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in Utt.) flavirostris v. d. W. Scutelluni black ; hairs on basal half of fourth segment of abdo- men one-third as long as the macrochaetae, front in the male two-thirds, in the female one and one-sixth times, as wide as either eye, the sides silvery gray pollinose, bearing a few very short inconspicuous hairs; black, the second antennal joint, apex of proboscis, and the palpi yellow; two pairs of orbital 101 bristles in the female, none in the male; frontal bristles descending' slightly below the arista, cheeks one-sixth as broad as the eye-height, facial ridges bristly on the lowest third, antenna1 almost as long as the face, arista thickened on the basal third or fourth, the penultimate joint as broad as long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing four marginal pairs off macrochse tee; abdomen on last three segments wholly gray pollinose, the hairs depressed; wings hyaline, base of third vein bearing two bristles, bend of fourth vein not appendiculate. this vein beyond the bend strongly bent inward: calypteres white, front pulvilli of male longer than the last tarsal joint: length, 5.5 to S mm. St. Louis. Mo.; Oswego, Kaus. : and Fort Worth, Tex. Four males and two females. Type No. 3001, TJ. S. National Museum ceratom ice n. sp. Genus EUPHOROCERA Town. Euphorocera Towiisend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX. p. 112; May, 1892. Our species have two or more macrochaetae on the front side of each middle tibia near the middle, and the hind tibiae outwardly are ciliate or subciliate: 1. Head at the vibrissas noticeably shorter than at base of antenna?, palpi yellow, three sternopleural macrochaetae 2. Head at the vibrissa- as long as at base of antenna', palpi black; black, apex of scutellum broadly yellow; front in the male four- fifths, in the female one and one fifth times, as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male, sides of front gray pollinose, destitute of macrochaetae out- side of the frontal bristles, the latter descending below the arista, cheeks one-third as broad as the eye-height, facial ridges bristly on the lower two thirds, antenna1 six-sevenths as long as the face, the third joint in the male three, in the female two and one-fourth, times as long as the second, arista thickened almost to the middle, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; thorax gray pollinose. marked with four black vittae, four post- sutural and two large and sometimes two small sternopleural macrochaetae. scutellum bearing four marginal pairs; abdomen shining, bases of the last three segments gray pollinose, hairs rather long and suberect, first segment bearing marginal, the next two with discal and marginal, the fourth covered with macroclnTta* except its extreme base; front pulvilli of male longer than the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bear- ingfrom four to eight bristles at the base, fourth vein beyond the bend strongly arcuate, apical cell narrowly open; calypteres white; length, 7 to 9 mm. Point Barrows, Alaska. One male and two females collected June 21, 1882, by Mr. John Murdock. * Type No. 3602, U. S. National Museum gelida n. sp. 102 2. With only three postsutural macrochaBtae, second and third segments of abdomen bearing cliscal inacrochaetae, facial ridges hairy out- side of the bristles, front of female slightly wider than either eye, the sides and face whitish pollinose, third joint of antenna' two and one-half times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint slightly longer than wide; abdomen subshining, gray pollinose. marked with dark reflect- ing spots; length, 9 mm. Franconia, X. II. (Biol. Cent.- Amer., Diptera, Vol. LI, p. 81 : Feb.. 1890: Phorocera.) .cinerea v. d. W. With four postsutural macrochaetae, second and third segments of abdomen destitute of discal macrochaetae, facial ridges bare out- side of the bristles; length, 5 to 14 mm. Franconia, X. II.; .Massachusetts; Brooklyn, X. Y.; District of Columbia; Vir- ginia: Indiana; Illinois; Jackson, Tenn.; Tif ton, Ga. ; Crescent City, Fla.; Mississippi; St. Louis. Mo.; Louisiana; Texas; Colo- rado; Las Cruces, X. Mew. and California. (Dipteres Fxot- iques, Supplement III, p. 209 [49]; L847: Phorocera. Eury- ga8ter septentrionalis Walker, Lord's Naturalist in Vancouver Island, Vol. II. p. 339; L86G. Phorocera edwardsii Williston, Scndder's Butterflies of Xew England, Vol. Ill, p. 1921; 1889, Podotachina vibristtato Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mns. Wien, V, p. 351; 1891: also in lift. Euphorocera tachi- nomoides Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX. p. Ill*; May, 1892. Phorocera lophyri Townsend. ioc. cit., p. 289; De- cember. 1892.) claripennis Macq. Genus PHOROCERA Desv. Phorocera Desvoidy, Essai snr lea Myotlairea, p. 131 : L830. Blondelia Desvoidy, loc. cit , p. L22. Bhinomya Desvoidy, loc. cit., n. 123. Pales Desvoidy. loc. cit., p. 154. . This synonymy is given by Macqnart1 and repeated by Schiuer;* Brauer and Bergenstamm also give Pales as equivalent to Phorocera,3 but make no mention of the other two names: 1. With four sternopleural and four postsutural macrochaetae, palpi black, second and third segments of abdomen bearing* discal macrochaetae, sides of front destitute of macroehaBtae outside of the frontal bristles, except the orbital bristles of the female; front in the male two-thirds as wide as, in the female slightly wider than, either eye: frontal bristles descending below the arista, the latter thickened on its basal third; third joint of antennae in the male six, in the female four, times as long as the lAimales Soc. Ent. France, p. 420; 1850. -Fauna Austrica, Vol. I, p. 488; 1862. 3 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 234; 1893. 103 second; sides of face below the lowest frontal bristles bare, middle tibiaa eacli bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle; length, C> mm. Camden, Ark., and Los Angeles County, Gal. (Annales Soc. But. France, Vol. VIII, p. 2(H); 1888.) parva Bigot. With three sternopleural macrochaetae 2. With only two sternoplenral and four postsntural macrochaetae; middle tibia? each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae outwardly ciliate; black, the palpi brown, the scutellum yellow except at the base, sides of first three segments of abdomen sometimes partly yellow; front in the male three-fifths as broad as either eye, frontal bristles descending to tip of second antennal joint, cheeks scarcely one- eighth as broad as the eye-height, antenna' almost as long as the face, the third joint four and one-half times as long as the sec- ond, arista thickened on the basal third, facial ridges bristly on the lower three-fifths to three-fourths; thorax lightly gray polli- nose. marked with three broad black vittae, scutellum bearing- four pairs of long marginal macrochaetae, the last pair cruciate and inclined downward; abdomen snbshining, the last three seg- ments lightly whitish pollfnose, the extreme apices of the seg- ments bare, the bristly hairs rather long and almost erect, first two segments each bearing a marginal pair of macrochaetae, the third with a marginal row. the fourth wholly covered except the extreme base; front pulvilli slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, the base to apex of second basal cell gray, third vein bearing two bristles at its base: calypteres whitish; length, 6* to 9 mm. Michigan and Missouri. Three male speci- mens. Type Xo. .')603, I '. S. National Museum. . .tortricis n. sp. 2. Thorax bearing three postsntural macrochaetae 3. Thorax bearing four postsuturals, hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal macro- chaetse, several macrochaetae outside of the frontal bristles. . . 6. 3. Hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, scutellum bearing four marginal pairs of macrochaetae 5. Hind tibiae not ciliate, scutellum bearing only three pairs of mar- ginal macrochaetae, body slender, last three segments of abdomen destitute of pollen on the broad apices, pollen of face white. . 4. 4. Second and third segments of abdomen destitute of discal macro- chaetae, middle tibiae each bearing only one macrochaeta on the front side near the middle; length, 7 mm. Ctiea, Miss. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 84; Feb., 1800.). macra v. d. W. Second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal macrochaetae, middle tibiae each bearing two on the front side near the middle; length, 9 mm. Newark, X. J. (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 79; February, 1890.) rufilabris v. d. W. 104 r>. Abdomen wholly covered with pollen, opaque; face yellowish polli- nose, third antenna! joint four times as long as the second; black-, the palpi usually and apex of proboscis, yellow, a spot on sides of abdomen of male and the tibiae also sometimes yel- low: front of the male three-fifths, of the female three-fourths, as broad as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male, frontal bristles descending below the arista, cheeks one-fourth as broad as the eye height, antennae nearly as long as the face, arista thickened on the basal third, facial ridges bristly on the lower four-fifths; thorax gray polli- nose, marked with four black vittae; bristly hairs of abdomen depressed, first two segments each bearing a marginal pair, the third with a marginal row. the fourth with a discal and a marginal row of macroch setae ; wings hyaline, base of third vein bearing two bristles, fourth vein strongly arcuate beyond the bend: calypteres white; length, 7 to 11 mm. Dist. Colum- bia; Lexington, Ky.. and Tenn. Three males and two females. Type No. 3604, U. S. National Museum leucanicen. sp. Abdomen destitute of pollen on the broad apices of the last three segments, face white pollinose, third antenna! joint from two and one half to three times as loug as the second, front of female from the sixths as wide as to slightly wider than either eye, frontal bristles descending almost to apex of second antennal joint, facial ridges bristly on the basal two-thirds, third vein bearing two or three bristles at the base, second and third seg- ments of abdomen sometimes bearing discal macrochaetae ; Length, <> to 8 mm.: otherwise as in the above description of leucanice. Northern Illinois, Missouri, Colorado, and Mesilla, N. Mex. (first Kept Insects of Missouri, p. Ill; March, 1809: Lydella.) doryphorce liiley. 6\ Middle tibiae each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle 7. Middle tibiae each bearing a single macrochaeta on the front side near the middle, sides of face below the lowest frontal bristles bare, arista thickened to the middle, the penultimate joint only slightly longer than broad, front in each sex one and one-fourth times as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending below the arista, third joint of antenna* in the male six, in the female four, times as long as the second ; palpi yellow; length, 8 to 1) mm. Dist. Columbia, Bluffton, S. C, and Missouri. (In Scud- der's Butt. New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1922; 1889) .coinstocl'i Will. 7. Sides of face below the lowest frontal bristles bare, arista thickened on the basal three fourths, the penultimate joint three times as long as wide, front in each sex one and one-fourth times as broad as either eye, frontal bristles descending below the arista, 105 third joint of antennae in the male six, in the female four, times as long as the second, apical cell closed; length, 8 to 9 mm. Alameda County, Oal. (In Scudder's Butterflies of New Eng- land, Vol. Ill, p. 1922; 1889.)- - - - saundersii Will. Sides of face below the frontal bristles bristly two-fifths of the dis- tance to the vibrissa', arista thickened on the basal third, the penultimate joint only slightly longer than wide; black, the palpi, apex of scutellum, front corners of the second segment of the abdomen, tibiae, and sometimes base of antenna', yellowish; front in male scarcely wider than, in the female one and one- fourth times as wide as, either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male, frontal bristles descending to the arista, cheeks nearly one half as wide as the eye-height, antenna' about as long as the face, the third joint six times as long as the second; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta', scutellum bearing four pairs of marginal macro- clueta' ; abdomen wholly gray pollinose and with reflecting darker spots; wings hyaline, base of third vein bearing three bris- tles, fourth vein beyond the bend distinctly arcuate, calypteres white; length, 7 to 10 mm. San Diego, Tex. A specimen of each sex collected April 30, 1895, by Mr. E. A. Schwarz. Type Xo. 3606, r. S. National Museum facialis n. sp. Unrecognized species. — Z\ ? (Tachina) antennata Walker ; IT. S. P.? (Tachina) melobosis Walker. (Syn. Tachina addita Walker.) Genus FRONTINA Meig. Frontina Meigen, Systematise-lie Besch. Eur..Zweif. Insekten, Vol. VII, p. 2-17; 1*38. Prosopea Rondani, Dipterologise Italic;!' Prodromus, Vol. IV, p. 36; 1861. Achatoneura Brauer and Bergenstaram, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 334: 1891. Thysanomyia Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. cit., p. 340. Parafrontina Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. cit., VI, p. 115: 1893. Brauer and Bergenstamm place Prosopea, Achaetoneura, and Para- frontina as subgenera of Frontina;1 and although they idace Thysa- nomyia in a different section, it can not be generically separated from Frontina.2 Four Austrian specimens of Frontina laeta Meig., the type species of this genus, received from and identified by Brauer and Ber- genstamm, have the hind tibiae outwardly filiate, as in our species. The latter have the palpi yellow, and from two to four bristles on the base of the third vein : 1. With four sternopleural macrocha'ta^, scutellum largely yellow and bearing three or four pairs of long marginal and a short apical 1 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 212; 1893. 2 Of two specimens of Frontina aletice sent by Dr. Riley to Brauer and I>ergen- stamm, one was referred, by them to Prosopea aud tbo otber to Tbysanoniyia; of tbree specimens of Frontina archippivora, one was by them referred to Parafrontina and two to Acha>tonenra, and of fifteen specimens of Frontina frenchii, they referred one to Hemimasicera, two to Prosopea, and twelve to Achtetonenra. 106 pair of macrochaetae, second and third segments of abdomen destitute of diseal macrochaetae, renter destitute of short black spines 4. With only three sternoplenral macrochaetae, scutellum black, front pulvilli of male slightly longer than the last tarsal joint 2. 2. Third joint of antennae of male live, in the female four, times as long as the second, front of male tliree-fonrths, in the female one and one-fifth times, as wide as either eye; abdomen black, narrow bases of last three segments gray pollinose, second and third ^ments destitute of diseal maerocha'ta\ middle tibia' each bearing a single one on the front side near tin1 middle; length, 5mm. Eastboro, Conn., and Tifton, (la. (Insecta Sanndersiana, Vol. I, p. 299; 1856: Tachina.) aneilla Walk. Third joint of antenna' in both sexes two and one half times as long ;i> the second, front in the male one half, in the female tliree- fonrths, as broad as either eye, three postsutural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal ones, destitute of a short apical pair, second and third segments of abdomen in the male bearing diseal macrochaetae, wanting in the female, venter of these segments in the female thickly studded with short black spines 3. 3. Abdomen in both sexes yellowish except a dorsal vitta. a fascia on the third segment, which sometimes covers it. ami the base of the fourth, which are black ; length, <> to 9 mm. Tifton, (la., and Jacksonville and Lake Worth, Fla. | Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phi la., p. 1310; September. 1S!>.~>: Achcetonenra.) . ..rubentis Ooq. Abdomen of male black, a spot on each side of first three seg- ments and the narrow apex of the fourth, yellow; in the female black, the narrow apes of the fourth segment yellow; length, 7 to 8.5 mm. Southern California and Allende, Mexico. From the type specimen. (Insect bile, Vol. 1. p. 332; May, 1889: Tachina \ Masicera], Proxpherysa comosa van derWulp, Biologia < Ynt -Amer.. Diptera,Vol. II, p. 11!): May, 1890.) . .armigera Coq. 4. Second segment of abdomen destitute of a marginal pair of macro- chaetae or else the sides of the third segment largely or wholly yellow 6. Second segment bearing a marginal pair of stout macrochaetae, abdo- men black, at most with a yellow spot on each side of the second segment, third joint of antennae of male from five and one half to seven, in the female from three to four and one half, times as long as the second 5. 5. Front in the male one and one half, in the female one and three- fourths, times as wide as either eye, front pulvilli of male three- fourths as long as the last tarsal joint; length, G to 9 mm. Michigan; Missouri; Texas; California, and Pullman, Wash. (In Scudder's Butterflies of New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1923; 107 1881): Mamcera. Achcetoheura sp., and Parafrontina sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) archippiwra1 Will. Front in the male at most slightly wider than, in the female one and one-third times as wide as, either eye, front pulvilli of male slightly longer than the last tarsal joint; length, o to 11 mm. Canada; Beverly, Mass. ; Xew Jersey; Pennsylvania; Lakeland, Md.; District of Columbia; Virginia; Brookville, Ind. : Carbon- dale, HI.; Missouri, and California. (In Scudder's Butterflies of New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1923; 1889: Masicera. Achceto- neura hesperus Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien; V, p. 331; 1891. Phorocera promiscua2 Townsend, Psyche, Vol. VI, p. 81; May, 1891. Mci15, CJ. S. National Museum paueiseta n. sp. 3. With only three sternopleural macrochsetse, palpi yellow, third vein hearing from three to six bristles at its base; length, 8 to 10 mm. New Hampshire; and Austria. Two males and one female from Austria received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them labeled Ceromasia florum Macq.; these authors state that this is a synonym of /est I nans Meig., after examining the type of the latter.1 (System. Besch. Eur. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. IV, p. 384; 1824: Tachina. Masicer a florum Macquart, Annales Soe. Ent. Fiance, p. 460; 1850.) .festinans1 Meig. With four sternopletrral macrochaetse, palpi black, third vein bearing a single bristle at its base; length, 8 to 10 nun. Canada; Mass.; Illinois, and England. A specimen of each sex from England, received from E. Brunetti and by him labeled Masicera myoidcea, (Essaisurles Myodaires, p. 114; 1830: Ly on the front side near the middle, palpi yellow G. 5. Palpi, legs, and abdomen, black; body slender, subshining; length, 5.5 to 0 mm. Mass.. and Colorado. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, ]). 285; December, 1802.) tenthredinidarum Town. Palpi, femora, tibia', ami apex of fourth segment of abdomen, yellow; body quite robust, opaque; black, the first two joints of antenna', palpi, apex of proboscis, femora, tibia', and apex of fourth seg- ment of abdomen, yellow; front of male one-half as wide as either eye. no orbital bristles, hairs on sides of front short and sparse, frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal joint, cheeks one-fourth as broad as the eye-height, facial ridges bristly on the lower two thirds, antenna- almost reaching the oral margin, the third joint three and one-third times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth; thorax gray pollinose and marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a short apical pair of macro- cha'ta'; abdomen on the first three segments subopaque gray pollinose, its hairs suberect and rather long; wings hyaline, the base tinged with gray, costal spine as long as crossvein at base of discal cell, hind crossvein nearly straight, fourth vein beyond the bend strongly concave, closing or almost closing the apical cell, calypteres white; front pul villi slightly longer than the last •Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V. p. 428; 189L. - Front one and one-half width of eye, cheeks three-eighths the eye-height, arista thickened on basal two-thirds festinans. Front of male two-thirds, of female five-sixths, width of eye, cheeks one-fifth the eye-height, arista thickened on basal two-fifths, otherwise as in festinans. N. J.. Va , and La eeler n. sj>. 115 tarsal joint; length, 8 to 10 mm. Tifton, (ia., and Florida. Two male specimens. Type No. 3616, U. S. National Museum. pulverea n. sp. 6. Third vein bristly at least three-fourths of distance from the base to the small crossveiu 7. Third vein bristly at most one- third of this distance, entire abdomen black; length, 6 toll mm. Grimsby, Canada; Mount Washing- ton and Franeonia, N. H.; Maryland: District of Columbia; northern Illinois, and Santa Cruz Mountains, Cal. (Trans. Amer. But. Soc., Vol. XIX, p. 286; Dec, 1802.) eufitchice Town. 7. Fourth and other segments of abdomen black; black, the palpi yel- low; front of male three-fourths as wide as, of the female slightly wider than, either eye; two pairs of orbital bristles in the female, none in the male; sides of front and face white pol- linose, cheeks over one-third as broad as the eye height, facial ridges bristly on the lowest third, antennae live-sixths as long as the face, the third joint one and three-fourths times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal half, the penultimate joint shorter than broad ; thorax thinly whitish pollinose, marked with four black vittre, scutellum bearing three pairs of long mar- ginal and a short apical pair of macroclneta\ abdomen shining, bases of the last three segments thinly whitish pollinose, venter not carinate in either sex; front pulvilli longer than the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, the base tinged with gray, hind crossvein strongly curved, situated nearly midway between the small crossvein and the bend, calypteres white; length, 7 to 9 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire. Four males and five females, collected by the late H. K. Morrison. Type No. 3617, U. S. National Museum chcetoneura n. sp. Fourth segment of abdomen of female on the apical half yellow, her venter carinate, sides of front and face in both sexes deep golden yellow pollinose, third joint of antennae two and one-third times as loug as the second; length, 5 to 9 mm.; otherwise as in the above description of chcetoneura. Mount Washington and White Mountains, New Hampshire. One male and two females, one from the former locality collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, the others by the late H.K.Morrison. Type No. 3618, U.S. National Museum aurifrons n. sp. Unrecognized species. — M.(?) fulvipalpis Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 263; 1888: Kocky Mountains. Genus ACEMYIA Desv. Acemya Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 202; 1830. Agculocera Macquart, Annales Society Ent. France, p. 24; 1855. The above synonymy was first determined by Eondani l from an examination of a typical specimen received from Macquart, and is 1 Dipterologia' Italicae l'rodroraus, Vol. IV, p. 81; 18fil 116 repeated by Brauer and Bergenstamm.1 Two species occur in our fauna, and in each there are three postsntural and two or thredsterno- pleural inacrochsetse : Tibia1 and antenme, except sometimes apex of second joint, black; apical cell closed, frontal bristles descending beneath base of second antenna! joint; length, (> to 7 mm. Beverly, Mass.; Tif ton, Ga. ; Georgetown, Fla.; Mobile. Ala.; Agricultural College, Miss.; St. Louis, Mo., and Los Angeles County, Cal. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. .*>1 1 ; Sept., 1895.) . . dentata Coq. Tibia' and second antennal joint yellow, apical cell open, frontal bristles not descending to base of second antennal joint; black, the palpi, apex of proboscis, iirst two joints of antenna1, tro- chanters, apices of femora, and whole of tibiie yellow; front of female as broad as either eye, the sides brownish gray pollinose, two pairs of orbital bristles, face white pollinose; antenna' reaching slightly below middle of face, the third joint one and one half times as long as 1 1 i * - second, arista thickened on the basal fourth, vibrissa' inserted three-fourths the length of the third antennal joint above the oral margin, two or three bristles above each, cheeks one-fifth as broad as the eye height; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae; abdomen gray pollinose, a black dot at base of each hair, the hairs depressed, a marginal pair of macrochaetaB on the second segment and a marginal row on the third and fourth; wings hyaline, third vein bearing one or two bristles near the base, the others bare, apical crossvein nearly straight, bend of fourth vein forming an obtuse angle; calypteres whitish: length, 4 mm. Santa Cruz Moun- tains, California. A single female specimen, collected by A. Koebele. Type Xo. 3620, U. 8. National Museum, .tibialis n. sp. Genus PSEUDOCH^TA Coq. rseitdoehuia Coquillett, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 309; Sept., 1895. Our species have two or three pairs of backwardly curving macro- cha-ta' on the sides of the front in both sexes, and with two pairs of forwardly directed orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male; four postsntural macroclneta': With only two sternopleural macrochretse ; black, including the palpi; third joint of antenme in the male five, in the female three, times as long as the second; length, 5 to 7 nun. From the type specimen. Northern Illinois; Tifton, Ga.; Charlotte Har- bor, Florida, and Santa Barbara County, Cal. (Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., p. 310; Sept., 1895.) argentifrons Coq. With four sternopleural macrochreta* ; black, the apex of scutellum, sides of second segment of abdomen, hind corners of the first and front corners of the third, yellow; front of female scarcely as wide as either eye, the sides and face silvery pollinose, frontal vitta Zweif. des Kais. Museum zu Wieu, VI, p. 226; 1893. 117 obliterated in front of the middle by the meeting of the sides of the front, frontal bristles descending to the arista, cheeks one- tenth as broad as the eye height, vibrissa? inserted on a level with the front edge of the oral margin, facial ridges bristly on the lower three-fourths, antenna* almost as long as the face, the third joint six times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal half, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae; scutellum bearing two pairs of long and one of short marginal, also a short apical pair, of nmcrochaeta1; abdomen subshining, last three seg- ments thinly gray pollinose and with dark reflecting spots, the bristly hairs rather long, those in middle of dorsum suberect, second and third segments bearing only marginal macrochaetae; wings hyaline, third vein bearing two or three bristles near its base; calypteres white; middle tibiae each bearing two or more macrochaetae on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae evenly ciliate outwardly ; length, 7 mm. District of Columbia. A single female specimen bred from a Pyralid found upon oak. Type No. 3622, U. S. National Museum pyralidis n. sp. Genus PROSPHERYSA v. d. W. ProsphertjHa van der Wulp, Biol. Cent. -Am., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 116; May, 1890. Dexiophana Brauer and Bergenstamui, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 374; 1891. Our single species is black, the apex of the proboscis and of the fourth segment of the abdomen, yellowish ; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three pairs of long mar- ginal and a short apical pair, second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal and marginal, middle tibia* each bearing two on the front side near the middle; length, 9 mm. Anglesea, X. J. (Biologia Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 117; May, 1890.) . . .cemulans v. d. W. Genus VANDERWULPIA Town. J'anderwulpia Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 381; Dec, 1891. Our two species have the antennal arista thickened to the middle and clothed with a pubescence which at the most is only slightly longer than its greatest diameter; three postsutural macrochaetae: Abdomen reddish yellow; remainder of insect, except palpi and apex of proboscis, black; calypteres white, wings hyaline, anterior veins bordered with smoky, petiole of apical cell over one-half as long as the hind crossvein; length, 7 mm. Las duces, N. Mex. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 381; December, 1891.) .atrophopodoides Town. Abdomen and entire insect except palpi and lower part of face, black, calypteres and Aviugs as in the preceding species, petiole of apical cell less than one-sixth as long as the hind crossvein; length, 10 mm. Texas. (Canadian Entomologist. Vol. XXIV, p. 172; July, 1892.) sequem Tovm. 118 Genus HOUGHIA, new genus. The characters of this genus may be gleaned from the table of genera given on previous pages, and the following description of the type spe- cies: Black, the palpi and apex of proboscis yellow; front of female five-sixths as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending almost to middle of second antennal joint, two pairs of orbital bristles and two pairs of backwardly curving macrochaetae outside of the frontal bris ties, cheeks one-twelfth as broad as the eye-height, four or five bristles above each vibrissa1, antenna' almost as long as the face, the third joint from four to five times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint broader than long; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta1, four postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three long mar- ginal pairs and a very short apical pair; abdomen shining, the last three segments except their apices whitish pollinose, each segment bearing marginal macrochaetae \ middle tibia' each bearing a single macrocha'ta on the front side near the middle, hind tibia' outwardly subciliate; wings hyaline, first vein bristly except on its base and apex, third vein bristly almost to the small crossvein, hind crossvein at last third of distance from the small to the bend of the fourth, the lat- ter not appendiculate, calypteres whitish: length, 6 to 7 mm. Tiftou, Ga. Two females collected June and September 1, 1890, by Mr. G. R. Pilate, and transmitted by Dr. Garry deX. Hough, after whom the genus is named. Type No. 3623, U. S. National Museum setipennis n. sp. Genus TACHINA Meig. Tachina Meigon, in Illiger's Magazin fiir Insektenknnde, Vol. II, p. 280; 1803. Eutachina Brauerand Bergenstamnij Zweif. Kais. Mns. Wien, IV, p. 98; 1889. ChcBtotachina Brauer and Bergeiistamm, loc. cit. Tachinomyia Townsend, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 96; April, 1892. Eutachina was proposed for Tachina under the mistaken idea that the latter is identical with the genus Eehinomyia. Clnetotaehina is given by its authors as a subgenus of Eutachina.1 The synonymy of Tachinomyia is by the Avriter and is based on a cotype specimen of the type species. Our species have three sternopleural ruacrochaBiae, and two or more on the front side of each middle tibia near the middle: 1. Apices of last three segments of abdomen shining black, tip of abdo- men black, genitalia not or only slightly projecting beyond the tip of the fourth segment, frontal bristles descending on sides of face nearly halfway to the vibrissa*, facial ridges bristly almost to the lowest frontal bristles 2. Apices of last three segments of abdomen usually opaque gray pollinose, apex of scutellum and of abdomen usually yellow, genitalia of male projecting more than half the length of the Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 125; 1893. 119 fourth segment in the form of a claw, frontal bristles seldom descending on sides of face more than one-third of the distance to the vibrissa?, facial ridges bristly about three-fifths of distance from the vibrissas to the lowest frontal bristles ; length, 6 to 14 mm. Toronto, Canada; Franconia, X. H.; Springfield, Mass.; Clementon, X. J. ; Ithaca, X. Y. ; northern Illinois; Ames, Iowa; Cadet, Mo.; Brookings, S. Dak.; Colorado; Pullman, Wash.; Oregon, and California. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 90; April, 1892: TacJiinomyia : from a cotype specimen. Pro- spherysa similis Williston, Xortli American Fauna, Xo. 7. p. 256; May 31, 1893: from a cotype specimen.) robusta Town. 2. Thorax bearing four postsutural niacrochaetae, second and third seg- ments of abdomen destitute of discal ones; length, 6 to 13 mm. Toronto, Canada; Franconia, X. H.; Massachusetts; Xew i'ork, X. Y. ; District of Columbia; West Virginia; Tifton, Ga.; Florida; Onaga, Kans.; Texas; Las Cruces, X. Mcx.; West Cliff, Colo.; Evanston, Wyo. ; Pullman, Wash.; Oregon, and California. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 7(37; 1819. Tachina pancvtius Walker, loc. cit. Tachina pansa Walker, loc. cit., p. 787. Podotachina americana Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 351; 1891. Tachina clisiocampce Townsend, Psyche, Vol. VI, p. 83; May, 1891. Tachina orgyice Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 281; December, 1892. Achwtoneura fernaldi Williston, in Forbush and Fernald's The Gypsy Moth, p. 387; 1890. Eutachina sp., Brauer and Ber- genstamm in lift.) mella Walk. Thorax bearing only three postsutural inacroclneta*, second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal rnacroclneta* ; length, 7 to 10 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains and Fran- conia, X. H. ; Colorado ; Washington ; Los Angeles County, Cal. ; Germany, and Austria. Two males and two females from Aus- tria, received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them labeled Ckcetotachina rusticaMeig.; also three males and two females from Germany, received from Zeller and by him labeled Tachina lar varum. (Diptera SueeiaB, Muscidae, p. 5 ; 1820. The follow- ing synonymy is by Rondani in Dipt. Ital., Vol. Ill, p. 200; 1859, and is repeated by Schiner in Faun. Aus., Vol. I, pp.174, 175; 1862: Tachina rittata Macquart, Annales Soc. Entom. France, p. 377; 1854; also flavipalpis, p. 382; ludibunda and rectiner- vis, p. 383; audens, p. 385; Jiavifrons, p. 386; pumila, p. 387; albifrons, p. 389; and alacer, p. 390. The following is by the writer: Tachina spinosula Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 353; Xovember, 1891. Tachina tenthredinirora Townsend, loc cit., Vol. XIX, p. 285; December, 1892. Chaio- tachina sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) .... rustica Fallen. Unrecognized species. — T.('l) hybrcas Walker; Brit. Amer. 120 Genus TACHINOPSIS, new genus. The following is a description of the type species : Black, the frontal vitta, first two joints of antenna1, and the palpi yellow; front of male two-thirds as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending slightly below the arista, no orbital bristles, hairs on sides of front short and sparse, cheeks one-sixth as broad as the eye height, vibrissa1 on a line with front edge of oral margin, ridges bristly on the lower three- fourths, antenna; six-sevenths as long as the face, third joint three and one half times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint nearly as broad as long, thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta1, four postsutural and three sternopleural macrochae tae ; scutellum bearing four marginal pairs; abdomen shining, bases of last three segments opaque gray pollinose, first three segments bearing marginal macrochaetae only; front pulvilli as long as the last tarsal joint, middle tibia; each bearing two macro chsetae on the front side near the middle, hind tibia1 outwardly subcil- iate; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles near its base, hind crossvein slightly beyond the middle between the small and the bend, last section of fifth vein almost as long as the preceding section ; calyp teres white; length, 7 mm. Washington. A single male specimen collected by Prof. O. B. Johnson. Type No. 3024, U. S. National Museum mentalis n. sp. Genus EUTHERA Loew. Euihera Loew, Diptera Auier. Septentrionalis Indig., Cent. VII, No. 85; 1864. Our single species is black, the frontal vitta, middle of face, lower part of head, the palpi, and femora yellow; wings brown on the costal edge beyond the humeral crossvein, along the last two sections of the fifth vein, a fascia from costa over the hind crossvein and including the small crossvein, finally a fascia which fills the apex of the apical cell; length, 7 mm. Pottstown, Pa., and Tifton, Ga. (Loc. cit.) . tentatrix Loew. Genus DEMOTICUS Macq. Demotions Macquart, Annales Soc. Eut. France, p. 442; 1854. » 1. Femora largely or wholly black 3. Femora and tibiae yellow; three postsutural and three sterno- pleural inacrochretaj 2. 2. Third vein bristly at least one-third of the distance from base to small crossvein, front of male five sixths as wide as either eye, thorax, except the humeri, and the tarsi black; length, 9 to 11 mm. Philadelphia, Pa. ; Colorado ; California, and Washington. (Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXVJ I, p. 127; May, 1895: Drep- cmoglossa.) venatoris Coq. 121 Third vein bearing only two bristles at the base, front of the male one and one-half times as wide as either eye ; yellow, the third antennal joint, proboscis, center of dorsum of thorax, three spots on the pleura, and a dorsal spot on the third and fourth segments of the abdomen black; frontal bristles descending almost to apex of second antennal joint, third antennal joint twice as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal third, cheeks nearly one-half as wide as the eye height, proboscis slen- der, rigid, labella very small; second and third segments of abdo- men bearing marginal macrochaetae, the fourth covered except on the basal third; wings hyaline, calypteres white; front pul- villi slightly shorter than the last tarsal joint; length, 11 mm. Denver, Colo. A single male specimen. Type in U. S. National Museum pallidum n. sp. 3. Scutellum yellow, four postsutural and four sternopleural macro- chaetae; black, the first two joints of the antenna1, the palpi, scutellum, and sides of the last three abdominal segments, also the apex of the fourth, yellow; front in female slightly wider than either eye, frontal bristles descending almost to tip of second antennal joint, antenna1 nearly three-fourths as long as the face, the third joint one and one-fourth times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal three -fifths, the penulti- mate joint one and one half times as long as wide; head at base of antenna1 slightly shorter than on its lower edge, vibrissa? inserted about half the length of the second antennal joint above the oral margin, three or four bristles above each; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae ; scutellum bearing four pairs of rather long marginal macrochaetae ; abdomen thinly gray pollinose, second segment bearing a pair of marginal ma- crochaetae, the third bearing a marginal row, the fourth covered except on the basal fifth; middle tibiae each bearing two long macrocha?ta3 on the front side near the middle, the hind tibiae outwardly subciliate; wings hyaline, third vein bearing about four bristles near its base, the others bare, apex of third vein mid- way between tip of second and the extreme wing tip, hind cross- vein at last third of distance from the small to the bend, the latter not appendiculate; calypteres white; length, 8 mm. Siski- you Co., Cal. A female specimen bred from Melitcea palla by A. Koebele. Type No. 302G, U.S. National Museum. melitwwii.SY*. Scutellum black, probably four postsutural macrochreta1, but the anterior pair is wanting in the type specimen, four sterno- pleurals; black, the palpi, sides of first three segments of abdo- men except the front corners, tibia1, and apical third of under side of each femur yellowish; front of male one-half as wide as either eye, no orbital bristles, frontals descending to middle of second joint of antennae, cheeks one third as broad as the eye- 122 height, vibrissa* slightly above the level of front edge of oral margin, five or six bristles above each ; antennae five sixths as long as the face, the third joint one and three fourths times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint as broad as long, palpi linear, proboscis rigid, label la small but distinct; thorax gray pollinose, marked with live black vittae, scutellum bearing five pairs of marginal macro- chaetae; abdomen gray pollinose except the apices of the last three segments, first segment bearing marginal, the following two with discal and marginal macroclneta1 ; middle tibia' each bearing two or more on the front side near the middle, hind tibiae outwardly subciliate, front pulvilli longer than the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bearing three bristles at the base, fourth vein rounded at the bend, beyond which it is nearly straight until a short distance before its apex, where it is strongly arcuate; calypteres white, margined with yellow; length, 13 mm. Blue Mountains. Washington. A single male specimen, collected July 15, 1896, by Prof. 0. V. Piper. Type No. 3627, U. S. National Museum piper i n. sp. Genus PARAPHYTO Coq. Parapkyto Coquillett, Journal N. Y. Knt. Soc., Vol. Ill, p. 105; Sept., 1S95. 1. First two segments of abdomen destitute of dorsal macrochaetae, scutellum bearing three marginal pairs, three postsuturals and two Bternoplenrals, third vein bristly about halfway to the small erossvein 2. First two segments bearing dorsal, the second and third with discal and marginal macrochaetae, scutellum bearing five marginal pairs, four postsuturals and three sternopleurals, third vein bristly on the basal eighth before the small erossvein, abdomen subshining. thinly whitish pollinose, destitute of distinct black spots; black, including the palpi, the face and cheeks largely reddish; length, 13 mm. Laggan, Brit. Amer. (Can. Entomolo- gist, Vol. XXIV, p. 68; March, 1802: Trixa.) gillettei Town. 2. Abdomen subshining, thinly jray pollinose, destitute of distinct black spots; black, the first two joints of antennae, facial depres- sion, and palpi yellow ; abdomen sometimes largely brownish-red ; length, 11 to 13 mm. Ithaca, N. Y., and Agricultural College, Michigan. (Journal X. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 105; Sept., 1805.) chittendeni Coq. Abdomen opaque gray pollinose, marked with three rows of shining black spots ; black, the first two joints of antennae, facial depres- sion, and palpi yellow; front of female one and one-fourth times as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontal bris- tles not descending below base of antenna?, sides of face at nar- rowest part each two-fifths as wide as the facial depression, 1?3 hairy one-half the distance from the lowest frontal bristle to the vibrissas, the latter inserted slightly above the anterior edge of the oral margin, facial ridges bristly on the lowest sixth ; antennae three-fourths as long as the face, the third joint one and one-half times as long as the second, arista pubescent, thickened on the basal two-fifths, the penultimate joint shorter than broad, cheeks almost as wide as the eye height; thorax opaque gray pollinose, marked with three black vittre; wings hyaline, calypteres white; length, 12 mm. Colorado; and Mesilla. X. Mex. Three female specimens, captured by Carl F. Baker and T. D. A. Cockerell. Type No. 3584, U. S. National Museum opaca n. sp. Genus PARACH^TA, new genus. The principal characters of this genus have been given in the table of genera published on previous pages. The type species is black, the first two joints of antennae, palpi, hind corners of thorax, and the scutellum yellow; sides of first three segments of abdomen sometimes tinged with yellowish; front of male one-half as wide as either eye, destitute of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending to base of third antennal joint, cheeks one-fourth as wide as the eye height, vibrissa? inserted one- third the length of the second antennal joint above the anterior edge of the oral margin, facial ridges bristly on the lower two-thirds to three-fourths; antennae four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint one-third as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal half, the penultimate joint scarcely longer than broad; thorax thinly gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, four postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaeta', scutellum bearing four pairs of long marginal; abdomen shining, destitute of pollen, no macrochaetae on the first two segments, only a marginal row on the third; hind tibiae densely ciliate with scale-like bristles; wings hyaline, the bases brownish, calypteres brown; length, 13 mm. Ithaca and New York, N. Y. (Dipteres Exotiques, Supplement 1, p. 158; 1846: Blepliaripeza. Blepliaripeza inermis Bigot, Annates Soc. Ent. France, p. 91; 1888.) bicolor Macq. Genus BLEPHARIPEZA Macq. Blepliaripeza Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part II, p. 211(54); 1813. Rileya Brauer and Bergenstamin, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 121; 1893. (Xon Ashmead, Entomologica Americana, Vol. IV, p. 42; June, 1888. Xon Howard, loc. cit., p. 80; July, 1888.) Rileymyia Townsend, Entomological News, Vol. IV, p. 277; October, 1893. The latter name was proposed to take the place of Kileya, which is preoccupied in the Hymenoptera. A comparison of specimens of Bilei/a americana (the type species of this genus), identified by Brauer and Bergenstamm, with specimens of Blepliaripeza leueoplirys (the type species of the latter genus), fails to disclose any difference of generic 124 value. Our two species have four postsutural aud three steruopleura macroclisetse : Abdomen wholly black; length, 1L to 13 mm. Franconia, N. H., and Washington. ( Aussereuropiiische Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 308; 1830: Tachhia. Blepharipeza rufipalpis Macquart, Dipt. Exot., Vol. II, Part II, p. 212 (55); 1843. Tachina latifrom Walker, Insecta Saundersiaua, p. 284; 1850.) leueophrys Wied. Abdomen reddish yellow, a black dorsal vitta; length, 10 to 11 mm. Toronto, Canada; Oswego and New York, N. Y. ; Colorado, and California, (l)iptera Amer. Septen. Indigena, Centuria X, No. 07; 187-J. Blepharipeza fulvipes Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entoinol. France, p. 92 j L888. Blepharipeza exul Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. (U; March, 1892. Blepharipeza rufescens Townsend, Trans. Am. Bnt. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 00; April, 1802. Uileya americana Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 201; 1803: also inlltt.). . . .adust a Loew. Genus WINTHEMIA Desv. Winthemia Desvoidy, Essai but les Myodaires, }). 173; 1830. ChetoliQa Rondani, Dipterologise Itulic;»- Prodromns, Vol. I, p. 66; 185(3. This synonomy has already been published by Brauer and Bergen- stamm.1 Desvoidy (loc. eit.) gives the Musca quadripustulata Fabr. as the type of Winthemia: and this species is included by Rondani in his genus Ohetoliga (loc. eit.. Vol. Ill, pp. 105 and 108): 1. Thorax bearing four postsutural and two sternopleural macro- chaetae 2. Thorax bearing three postsutural and three sternopleural macro- chaetae; black, the palpi yellow, frontal vitta dark brown; front in male slightly broader than either eye; antennae six-sevenths as long as the face, third joint nearly three times as long as the second, arista thickened nearly to the middle, cheeks one sixth as broad as the eye height; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta; scutellum bearing four marginal pairs of ma- croch;et;e. of which the second and apical pairs are shorter than the others; abdomen wholly gray pollinose, the bristly hairs rather long and suberect, second segment bearing a marginal pair, the third a marginal row of macrochaetae, those on the fourth segment scarcely longer than the bristly hairs; hind tibhe outwardly ciliate and with a much longer bristle near the middle, front pul villi as long as the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, fourth vein beyond the bend almost straight; calyp- teres white; length, 7 mm. Maryland. A single male speci- men, collected by the writer in June. Type No. 3628, U. S. National Museum obscura n. sp. Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 239; 1893. 125 2. Palpi, scutelluin, and apex of abdomen, black; third aiiteimal joint in the female three times as long as the second, hind tibiae out- wardly near the middle bearing a bristle which is nearly twice as long as the adjacent ones; length, 7 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Ann. Soc Entomol. France, p. 258; 1888: Chce- tolyga.) - nigrifacies Bigot. Palpi, scutelluin, and apex of abdomen, yellowish; third antennal joint in the female about twice as long as the second, no longer bristles on outer side of the hind tibire near the middle; females usually with a marginal pair of macrochaetse on the second abdominal segment, which is generally wanting in the males; length, 6 to 12 mm. London, Canada; White Mountains and Franconia, X. H.; Agawam, Mass.; Delaware County, Pa.; Ithaca, N.Y.; Chester, Pa. ; District of Columbia; Portsmouth, Va. ; Shreveport, La. ; Illinois; Agricultural College, Mich.; St. Louis, Mo.; Washington, and Germany. Four males from Ger- many received from Zeller and by him labeled Nemorcea 4-pustu- lat<(. (Entom. Systematica, Vol. IV, p. 324; 1794: Musca. The following synonymy is by Schiner in Faun. Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 454: Winthemia cinerea Desvoidy, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, p. 270; 1847. The following is by the writer: Exorista leu- canice Kirkpatrick, Ohio Agricultural Report for 1860, p. 757; 1861. The following is given in Osten Sacken's Catalogue: Exorista ostensacl'enii Kirkpatrick, loc. cit. Senometopia m Hi- tar is Walsh, Trans. 111. State Agric. Soc, Vol. IV, p. 367; Sep- tember, 1861. The following is by the writer : Exorista cecropice Riley MS., from the proposed type specimen. Tachina deile- philce Osten Sacken, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XIX,]). 164; September, 1887. Exorista infesta Williston, in Fourteenth Report State Ent. Illinois, p. 6o; 1885. Chcetolyga rufonotata Bigot, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, p. 257; 1888. Chcetolyga rufopicta Bigot, loc. cit., p. 259. Exorista ciliata Townsend, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 363 ; Dec, 1891. Exorista platysamice Townsend, loc. cit., Vol. XIX, p. 288; Dec, 1892. Exorista datanee Townsend, loc. cit. Chcetolyga deilephilce O. S., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) qiiadripustulata Fabr. Genus MUSCOPTERYX Town. Muscopteryx Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 170; July, 1892. Our species is black, including the palpi; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrocha3ta3 ; length, 9 mm. Missouri. (Loc. cit, p. 171.) vhcetosula Town. 126 Genus PARADIDYMA Br. and Berg. Paradidyma Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kaia. Mus. Wieii, V, p. 382; 1891. Atrophopoda Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p, 373; December, 1891. Lack nomma Towuseud, loc. cit., Vol. XIX, p. 103; May, 1892. The synonymy of Lachnomma with Paradidyma is given with a query by Brauer and Bergenstamm.1 In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. for 1895, page 77, Mr. Townsend suggests that the supposed type species of his two genera, Atrophopoda and Lachnomma, are but the opposite sexes of one and the same species, and the specimens in the National Museum fully establish the accuracy of this supposition. Our single species is black, the palpi and apex of proboscis yellowish; three postsutural and three sternopleural maerochaetae ; length, G to 9 mm. Springfield, Mass.; northern Illinois; District of Columbia; Georgia; Agricultural College, Miss.; Texas; Custer County, Colo.; Las Crimes, K Mex.; and Kern County, Cal. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p.374j December, 1891 : Atrophopoda. Lachnomma magnicornis Town- Bend, loc. cit., Vol XIX, p. 104; May. 1892. .'Paradidyma sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) singularis Town. Genus ATR0PH0PALPUS Tcwn. Atrophopalpua Townsend, Entomological News, Vol. Ill, p. 130; June, 1892. Our single species is black, the palpi yellowish: three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochajta* ; length, 4f to 7 mm. Lake Worth, Fla. (Loc. cit., p. 131.) angmticomis Town. Genus METACELETA Coq. Metachceta Coqtfillett, Journal X. V. Ent. Soc., Vol. Ill, p. 98; September, 1895. Our single species is black, the palpi and apex of proboscis yellow; body not pollinose; three postsutural and two sternopleural macro- chaetae; length, 4 too mm. From the type specimen. Toronto, Canada; Franconia, N. H.: northern Illinois; Colorado, and Santa Cruz Moun- tains, California. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 795; 1849: Tachina. Metachceta atra Coquillett, Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, 1). 99 ; September, 1895.) helymus Walk. Genus PHORICH^TA Rond. Scopolia Desvoidy, Essai but les Myodaires, p. 268; 1830. (Non Huebner; 1816.) Phoriclucta Roudani, Dipterologia1 Italics Prodroraus, Vol. IV, p. 8; 1861. The latter name was proposed to take the place of Scopolia, which is preoccupied in the Lepidoptera. Our species has the sides of the front and the body shining black, and destitute of pollen; three postsutural and two or three sternopleural macroclneta1 ; wings hyaline, the veins and crossveins sometimes bordered with brown; length 4 to 6 mm. Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 193; 1893. 127 White Mountains and Franconia,N. H.; Beverly, Mass.; northern Illi- nois; Colorado; British Columbia; Easton, Wash., and Placer and Los Angeles counties, Cal. (In Cook's ^Notes on Injurious Insects, p. 5; 1884 : Scopolia.) - sequax Will. Unrecognized species. — P.? (Scopolia) lateralis Macquart; America (probably South America). Genus CHiETOPLAGIA Coq. Cluvtoplagia Coquillett, Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 98; September, 1895. Our single species is black, the second antennal joint and the palpi yellow; three postsutural and three sternopleural macrocha^tie ; wings blackish along the veins of the costal half; length, 7 mm. District of Columbia and southern Illinois. (Loc. cit.) atripennis Coq. Genus METOPIA Meig. Metopia Meigen, in Illiger's Magazin fiir Insektenkunde, Vol. II, p. 280; 1803. Ophelia Desvoidy, Essai sur lea Myodaires, p. 120; 1830. This synonymy is given by Macquart1 and repeated by Schiner2 and by Brauer and Bergenstamm.3 Our single species is black, including the palpi, sides of abdomen sometimes partly yellow; three postsutural and two sternopleural macrocha^e ; length G to 8 mm. White Moun- tains, New Hampshire; Beverly, Mass. ; District of Columbia; northern Illinois; Kenedy, Tex.; Colorado; Los Angeles County, Cal.; Wash- ington; France; Germany, and Austria. A male from Austria, from the old Schiner collection, received from Brauer and Bergenstamm and by them labeled Metopia leucocephala (Bossi) Schiner; three males from Germany, receivedfrom Zeller, and by him labeled Metopia leucocephala; also one specimen of each sex from France, received from H. du Buysson, and labeled as above. (Fauna Etrusca, Vol. II, p. 1501; 1791: Musca. Musca labiata Fabricius,4 Entomologia Systematica, Vol. IV, p. 329; 1794. Araba squamipaUens Desvoidy. Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 130; 1830. Araba grisea Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 131. Degeeria lateralis Mac- quart, Dipt. Exot., Sup. Ill, p. 208 [18] ; 1817. Metopia lugger i Townsend, Can. Entom., Vol. XXIV, p. 69; March, 1892.) leucocephala Bossi. Genus ARABA Desv. Araba Desvoidy, Essai stir les Myodaires, p. 127; 1830. Eumetopia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. Ill; 1889. This synonymy has already been acknowledged by the last-men- tioned authors.5 Our single species is wholly black; front in male 1 Anrtales Soc. Ent. France, p. 436; 1850. 2Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 198; 1862. ^Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 234; 1893. 4 This synonymy is given by Meigen and repeated by most subsequent authors. Tho synonymy of squamipallens is according to Schiner; the remainder is by the writer. ■'•Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, V, p. 359 ; 1891. 128 silvery, including the vitta, in the female grayish pollinose, the vitta brownish; orbital bristles present in both sexes; three postsutural and two stemopleural macrochieta?, thorax of male grayish pollinose except on the front end, not vittate, that of the female gray pollinose and marked with four black vittae; abdomen gray pollinose, last three seg- ments black on the hind margins, or each marked with three black spots; length, 4 to 6 mm. Northern Illinois; Colorado, and Los An- geles County, Cal. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 103; September, 1895.) tergata Coq. Genus OPSIDIA Coq. Opeidia Coquillett, Journal N. V. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 102; September, 1895. Our single species is black, the first two joints of the antennae and the palpi yellow; three postsutural and two or three stemopleural macrocha'ta1: length, 9 mm. From the type specimen. Massachusetts; Atlantic City, N. J., and Iowa. (Loc. cit.) gonioides Coq. Genus HILARELLA Rond. Hilarella Rondani, Dipterologite Italicte Prodromue, Vol. I, p. 70; 1856. Eumacronyckia Townsend, Trans. Ahum-. Ent, Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 98; May, 1892. Gymnojtrosopa Townsend, loc. cit., p. 108. This synonymy is by the writer. All of our species have three post- sutural and two stemopleural inacrocluetie : 1. Tip of abdomen black, scutellum bearing three pairs of marginal macrochsetae 2. Tip of abdomen and the genitalia yellow, scutellum bearing only two pairs of marginal inacrochsetae, abdomen gray pollinose, hind margins of the first three segments black, third vein bristly at least halfway to the small crossvein, arista thickened on the basal half; length, 0 to 8 mm. From a cotype specimen received from Mr. Townsend. Las Cruces, N. Mex., and Los Angeles County, Cal. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 99; May, 189i' : EumacronycMa.) decern Town. 2. Third vein bristly at least halfway to the small crossvein 3. Third vein bearing from one to four bristles near its base 4. 3. Arista thickened on at least the basal three-fifths, abdomen gray pollinose, the first three segments each marked with from one to three black spots, hind margin of the fourth segment also black, antenna? usually but not always yello»w; length, 5 to 9 mm. Franconia, jST. H.; JSTew Bedford, Mass.; Avalon and Angelsea, N. J., and northern Illinois. From the type specimen. (Jour- nal N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 106; September, 1895: Oymno- prosopa.) fulvicomis Coq. Arista at most thickened on the basal two-fifths, abdomen shining 129 black, the bases of the last three segments gray pollinose; length, 4 to 5 mm. Southern Illinois; Atlanta, Ga., and Florida. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 109; May, 1892: Gymno- prosopa. Gymnoprosopa argent if rons Townsend, loc. cit. Gymno- prosopa clarifrons Townsend, loc. cit.) polita Town. 4. Third vein bearing three or four bristles near its base, the outermost at the first fifth of distance to the small crossvein, abdomen gray pollinose and marked with five rows of black spots, the two outer ones situated on the lateral margins; arista thickened on the basal two-fifths; length, 5 to 6 mm. Olementon, X. J.; Tif- ton, Ga. ; Colorado, and Los Angeles Co., Cal. (Diptera Scandi- navia?, Vol. Ill, p. 1213; 1844: Miltogramma.) . . .siphonina Zett. Third vein bearing a single bristle near its base, arista thickened on the basal three-fourths : 5. 5. Frontal vitta next the antennae almost as wide as either side of the front, abdomen gray pollinose, the first segment and three large spots on the second and third shining black; black; face white, sides of front yellowish pollinose, front in the male one-half, in the female as wide as, either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles in both sexes, antenna? four -fifths as long as the face, the third joint four times as long as the second, penultimate joint of arista broader than long, cheeks scarcely one-sixth as broad as the eye height, vibrissa? fully developed, only two or three bristles above each; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vitta1, scutellum gray pollinose, the sides black, wings hyaline, calypteres white, lnacrochreta? of abdomen short and depressed, only marginal; length, 4 to 5 mm. Southern Illinois and Colo- rado. One male and two females, the former collected by Mr. Charles Kobertson, the latter by Mr. Carl F. Baker. Type Xo. 3634, U. S. Xational Museum aristalis n. sp. Frontal vitta next the antenna? less than one- third as wide as either side of the front ; black, the antenna?, face, palpi, and first three segments of abdomen yellow, abdomen shining except the whitish pollinose bases of the last three segments; front in both sexes almost as wide as either eye, antenna? in the male five- sixths, in the female three-fourths, as long as the face, the third joint in the male six, in the female four, times as long as the second, thorax gray pollinose, not vittate, wings hyaline, calyp- teres white; length, 4 to 5 mm. Holly Springs, Miss. Three males and one female, collected by F. W. Mally . . rufiventris n. sp. Unrecognized species. — H. (Eumacr onychia) elita Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 100; 1892. Las Graces, X. Mex. 3359 9 130 Genus TRICOGENA Rond. Tricogena Rondani, Dipterologin' Italics Prodronius, Vol. I, p. 88; 1856. Frauenfel dia Egger, Verhand. Kais.-Kon. Zool.-Botan. Gesell., Vol. XV, p. 297; 1865. This synonymy is according to Brauer and Bergenstauim : l Palpi yellow, insect elsewhere black; front of female one and one- fonrth times as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, frontal bristles descending to the arista, sides of face each at narrowest part one-half as wide as the facial depression, each bearing two downwardly curving macrochaetae, the lowest of which is nearly on a level with lower ends of eyes, cheeks two fifths as wide as the eye-height, vibrissas slightly above the oral margin, one or two bristles above each; antennas four- fifths as long as the face, the third joint only slightly longer than the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth, the penultimate joint broader than long; thorax whitish pollinose, not distinctly vittate, three postsutural and two sternopleural macrochsetae, scutellum bearing three long marginal pairs, abdomen shining, the bases of the second and third segments whitish pollinose, first three segments bearing marginal macrochaetae ; middle tibiae each bearing two on the front side near the middle: wings whitish hyaline, the costal edge brownish, third vein bearing two bristles at the base, hind crossvein midway between the small and the bend, petiole of apical cell slightly shorter than the small cross- vein, calypteres white; length, 5 mm. Colorado. A female specimen. Type No. 3635, U. S. National Museum . costalis n. sp. Palpi black, insect elsewhere black; front of female almost as wide as cither eye, frontal bristles descending slightly below base of first antenna] joint, sides of face at narrowest part each one-fifth as wide as the median depression, each bearing a row of macro chaetae and scattered black hairs, cheeks nearly one- third as broad as the eye height, antenna' three-fourths as long as the face, the third joint twice as long as the second; body with a strong brassy tinge, three sternopleural macrochaetae, bases of last three segments of abdomen whitish pollinose; wings hya- line, the portion in front of fifth vein tinged with yellowish, especially along the veins and crossveins, third vein bristly almost to the small crossvein; length, 7 mm., otherwise as in the above description of costalis. Franconia, N. H. A single female specimen collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. Type No. 3636, U. S. National Museum setipennis n. sp. Zweif. Kais. Mns.Wien,Vl, p. 238; 1893. 131 Genus BRACHYCOMA Rond. Brachycoma Rondani, Dipterologia* Italic* Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 69; 1856. Laccoprosoj>a Towiisend, Trans. Airier. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 365; December, 1891. Sarcotachinella Towiisend, loc. cit., Vol. XIX, p. 110; 1892. A comparison of a cotype specimen of Laecoprosopa sarcophagi na (the type species of this genus) kindly submitted by Mr. Charles Rob- ertson, of Carlinville, 111., with a specimen of Brachywma devia (the type species of the latter genus) received from and identified by Brauer and Bergenstanmi, fails to disclose any difference of generic impor- tance; and the same is true in regard to specimens that I identify as Sarcotachinella intermedia Town. All of our species have only three postsutural macrochaetae : 1. Fourth segment of abdomen wholly black 3. Fpurth segment largely yellow, abdomen destitute of discal macro- chaetae, scutellum bearing three marginal pairs, bend of fourth vein appendiculate 2. 2. Sides of face each bearing a row of macrochsetse, palpi black; length, 8 to 10 mm. Southern California. (Entomological News, Vol. V, p. 172; June, 1894.) . .davidsoni Coq. Sides of face bearing short bristly hairs not disposed in rows, palpi yellow; black, the palpi and fourth abdominal segment yellow, antennae more or less reddish; front in the male one-half, in the female almost, as wide as either eye, three pairs of orbital bristles in the female, wanting in the male; cheeks two- thirds as wide as the eye height; antennae five sixths as long as the face, the third joint one and two-thirds times as long as the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth; abdomen gray pollinose, the first three segments marked with a black dorsal vitta and two subdorsal rows of black spots situated on the hind margins of the segments; second segment bearing a small marginal pair of macrochaetae, the third and fourth each with a marginal row; front pulvilli of male slightly longer than, of the female two-thirds as long as, the last tarsal joint; wings hyaline, third vein bristly almost halfway to the small cross- vein, calypteres white; length, 7 to 8 mm. Connecticut and Virginia. A single specimen of each sex, that from Virginia collected by Theodore Pergande May 23, 1884. Type No. 3038, U. S. National Museum apicalis n. sp. 3. Second and third segments of abdomen destitute of discal macro- chsetai, thorax marked with three or five black vittre 4. Second and third segments bearing discal macrochaetae, thorax marked with four black vittae; black, the palpi and base of third antennal joint yellow; front in female three-fourths as wide as either eye, two pairs of orbital bristles, antenna' four- fifths as long as the face, the third joint scarcely longer than 132 the second, arista thickened on the basal fourth, sides of face each bearing a single row of macrochaetae, cheeks one-fourth as wide ns the eye height; scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macrocha'ta1; abdomen opaque gray pollinose, with darker reflecting spots, first and second segments with a mar- ginal pair, second and third each with a discal pair, third with a marginal row, and the fourth with three rows of macroclueta) ; wings hyaline, third vein bristly halfway to the small crossvein, apical cell short petiolate, calypteres white; length, (5 mm. San Diego, Tex. A female collected May 2, 1895, by E. A. Schwarz. Type No. 3639, 1 J". S. National Museum .pulverea n. sp. 4. Scutellum bearing only two pairs of long marginal macroclnetie, cos- tal spine much longer than the small crossvein ; length, 8 to 9 mm. Westville, N. J.; Potomac Creek, Ya.; Tifton, Ga., and Florida. (Trans. Ainer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. Ill ; May, 1892 : Sarcotachinella.) intermedia Town. Scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal macrochaetae, costal spine noticeably shorter than the small crossvein; length, (> to 8mm. Cumberland County, N. J., and southern Illinois. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XVIII, p. 300; December, 1891 : Laeco- prosopa.) sarcophagina Town. Unrecoyniii'rf species. — B.( ?) macrapogon Bigot, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, p. 259; 1888. California. Genus EUTHYPROSOPA Town. Euthyprosopa Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 106; May, 1892. Our single species is black, the antennae, middle of face, lower part of head, the palpi, corners of thorax, scutellum, hind margin of each segment of abdomen, apices of femora and the tibhe, yellow; three post- sutural and two sternopleural macrochaetae; length, 7 mm. From a cotype specimen. Las Cruces, N. Mex. ( Loc. cit., p. 107.) .petiolata Town. Genus GONIA Meig. Gonia Meigen, in Illiger's Magazin fur Insektenkunde, Vol. II, p. 280; 1803. Bhedia Desvoidy, Essai snr les Myodaires, p. 71; 1830. Beaumuria Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. Tii. Isomcra Desvoidy, Annales Soc. Ent. Franco, p. 315; 1851. P%88emya Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 318. Desvoidy proposed the name Bhedia for the genus Gonia, errone- ously stating that the latter term ha/l been previously used in Con- chology; and in the Annales Soc. Entomol. France, second series, p. 309, he states that his genus lleaumuria contains the males, and Kheclia the females, of the same species. The synonymy of Isomera is by Schiner,1 and that of Pissemya is by Brauer and Bergenstamm.2 Fauna Austriaca, Vol. I, p. 441; 1862. Zwcif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 235; 1893. 133 All of our species have four postsutural and four sternopleural inacro- cliaetse, and at most with, only two marginal iuacroclueta% on the first segment of the abdomen; hind tibiae outwardly ciliate, two pairs of orbital bristles in both sexes: 1. Third joint of antenna?, except sometimes the base, black 2. Third joint of antennae deep yellow; otherwise as in capitata; lengthy 11 to 13 mm. Maryland; St. Louis, Mo., and Georgia. (Cana- dian Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 10; January, 1887. Gonia sagax Townsend, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. XXIV, p. 05; March, 1892.) senilis Will. 2. Viewed from the side, the head projects in front of the eye only slightly more than the horizontal diameter of the eye, and is sparsely covered with bristly hairs; sides of front, when viewed from behind, shining, destitute of pollen except next the eyes; abdomen black, the sides sometimes partly or wholly reddish or yellow, bases of last three segments gray pollinose; length, 0 to 14 mm. Toronto, Canada; Beverly, Mass.; Oswego, X. Y. ; District of Columbia; Xorth Carolina; Georgia; Detroit, Mich.; Illinois; Ames, Iowa; Missouri: Sunnyside, Ark.; Kansas; Texas; Colorado; California; Pullman, Wash., and Austria. A male specimen from Austria received from Brauer and Ber- genstamm and by them labeled Oonia capitata DeGeer.1 (Me- moires servir FHistoire Insectes, Vol. VI, p. 12; 1770: Mtisca. Gonia frontosa Say, Journal Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., Vol. VI, p. 175; 1829. Gonia philadelphica Macquart, Dipteres Exo- tiques, Vol. II, Part III, p. 208 [51]; 1842. Gonia albifrons Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 798; 1849. Gonia exul Williston, Can. Entomologist, Vol. XIX, p. 11; Jan., 1887. Gonia sequax Williston, loc. cit., p. 12.) .capitata DeGeer. Viewed from the side, the head projects in front of the eye almost twice the horizontal diameter of the eye and is densely covered with bristly hairs; sides of front when viewed from behind wholly covered with white pollen ; black, the front, including the vitta, the face, cheeks, palpi, humeri, hind end of thorax, scutellum, and sides of the first three segments of the abdomen except the hind' margin of the third, yellow; front in profile only slightly convex, almost at right angles to the occiput, in the male two and one-half times as wide as either eye, frontal bristles descending to base of second antennal joint, two or 1 The synonymy of this species in Europe is very uncertain and unsatisfactory. It will doubtless he found that ornata Meigen and fasciata Meigen are hut colorational forms of capitata DeGeer. Our specimens of the latter from this country show every possible gradation from those with the abdomen wholly black to those that have it yellow and marked with a narrow black dorsal vitta. A female having the abdomen wholly black except a small yellowish spot on each side of the second segment was taken united in coition to a male in which the sides of the first three segments were almost wholly yellowish. 134 three irregular rows of macroclisetse on the outer side of each rowj the front near the eyes densely covered with rather long bristly hairs, sides of face each one and one-half times as wide as the median depression, densely covered with rather long black bristly hairs which are less numerous along the facial ridges, the latter bare except that there are two or three bristles above the vibrissa', cheeks two-thirds as broad as the eye height, antenna' almost as long as the face, the third joint six times as Long as the second, arista thickened to the tip, the penultimate joint as long as the last one; thorax whitish pollinose, marked with four black vittae; scutellum bearing three pairs of long marginal and a very short apical pair of macroclneta>; abdo- men wholly covered with whitish pollen, the hairs rather long and suberect, first two segments each bearing a marginal pair, the third with a marginal row, the fourth covered on its apical half with macroch;et;c: front pulvilli of male three-fourths as long as the last tarsal joint ; wings hyaline, third vein bristly one third of distance to the small crossvein, hind crossvein arcuate, its posterior end slightly nearer the wing margin than to the small crossvein, calypteres white; length, 14 mm. Los Angeles Co., Oal. A male specimen captured by the writer in April. Type No. 3640, U. S. National Museum. . .turgida n. sp. Unrecognized species. — <}. porca Williston, Canadian Entomologist, Vol. MX, p. 10: L887. Mount Hood, Oreg. Genus SPALLANZANIA Desv. Spall an zania Desvoidy, Essai snrlea Myodaires, p. 78; 1830. Cnephalia Rondani, Dipterologia' Italic* Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 62; 1856. Acroglo88a Williston, in Scudder's Butterflies of New England, Vol. Ill, p. 1916; 1889. Pseudon t lie outside near its middle, front tarsi slightly dilated ; wings hyaline, apical cell nearly as wide as the discal cell, third vein bristly nearly halfway to the small crossvein, the others bare, bend of fourth vein not appendicnlate, calypteres white; length, 11 mm. Beverly, Mass. Two female specimens. Type No. 3643, II. S. National Museum oriental™ n. sp. Genus MICROPHTHALMA Macq. Mierqphthalma Macquart, Dipterea Exotiques, Vol. II, Part III, p. 211 (84); 1843. Our species is black, the antenna', face, cheeks, palpi and apex of proboscis, yellow; three postsutnral and three sternopleural macro- chaetae; length. 12 to 15 mm. Franconia, X. II.; Beverly, Mass.; Dis- trict of Columbia: OhW<^ Ml.: Georgia; I'tica, Miss. ; Texas: Onaga, Kans., and Kern County, Gal. (Analecta Entomologica, p. 45; 1824: Tachina. MUtogramma trifascutta Say. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila.. Vol. VI, p. 174; 1829. Mioraphthalma nigra Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques. Vol. II. Part 111, p. 242 (85); 1843. Tachina trixoides Walker, List of Dipt. Insects, Part IV, p. 7(H); 1849. Megapr08opil8 miehiganensis Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. Ill; May, 1892. Maer onychia trifasciata Say, Braner and Bergenstamm in litt. Dcxiosoma sp.. Braner and Bergenstamm in litt.). .disjuncta Wied. Genus AMOBIA Desv. Amdbia Desvoidy, Essai sur lee Myodaires, p. 96; 1830. A/acroni/chia Roudaui, Dipterologia' Italic* Prodroinus, p. 229; 1859. Trixoclista Townsend, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 102; 1892. Ammobia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweifliigler Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 226; 1893, (Xon Billberg, Enumer;itio Insectorum, p. 105; 1820.) The synonymy of Amobia and Macronychia has already been given by Schiner,1 and repeated by Brauer and Bergenstamm.2 Two species occur in our fauna; both have only three postsutural macrochgetse: Thorax marked with three or five black vittae; abdomen gray polli- nose, marked with three rows of black spots; orbital bristles 1 Fauna Austrica, Vol. I, p. 501 ; 1862. 2 Zweif. Kais. Mus. AVien, VI, p. 226; 1893. 139 present in both sexes; length, 7 to 9 mm. London, Canada; White Mountains, New Hampshire; Colorado, and Washington. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 103; May 1892: Trixo- clista.) distineta Town. Thorax marked with four black vittse; abdomen shining black, bases of the segments thinly gray pollinose; length, 9 to 11 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Vol. Ill, p. 100; September. 1895.) calif omica Coq. Genus TRICHOPHORA Macq. Trichophora Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Supplement II, p. 78 (62); 1847. Elachipalpus Rondani, Nnovi Ann. Sc. Nat. Bologna, Vol. II, p. 169; 1850. Brauer and Bergenstamm state that these two genera could properly be united into one genus,1 and the writer is of the same opinion. Our species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae, the second and third segments of the abdomen bearing only mar- ginal ones, apex of the fourth segment yellowish, the third vein bristly almost to the small crossvem: Ocellar bristles absent, scutellum wholly black; length, 8 to 10 mm. Montgomery County, Pa.; Dist. Columbia; Virginia; Georgia; Lake Worth, Fla. ; Utica, Miss., and Texas. (Tijdschrift voor Entom., Vol. II, p. 140; 1807: Schineria. Elach i palpus undnlatus Say MS., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) .ruficauda v. d. W. Ocellar bristles present, directed obliquely forward; black, the first two joints of the antenme, face, cheeks, apex of scutellum, and of the fourth segment of the abdomen, also the tibiae, yellow, frontal vitta and third joint of antenme, brown; front of female one and one half times as wide as either eye, the sides subopaque gray pollinose and bearing two pairs of orbital bristles, sides of face bearing sparse and rather short black hairs, cheeks one-half as broad as the eye height, head at the vibrissas as long as at base of antenna1, antenme four-fifths as long as the face, the third joint as long as the second, scarcely longer than broad, arista thickened on the basal two-thirds, the penultimate joint three times as long as broad; thorax gray pollinose, marked with four black vittae, scutellum bearing two long marginal pairs and a short apical pair of inacroclncta?; abdomen gray pollinose and with darker reflecting spots, second and third segments bearing marginal, the fourth with discal and marginal niacroclnetre ; wings hyaline, the base tinged with yellowish, calypteres white; length, 9 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. A single female speci- men bred from a chrysalis of Adisophanes miscellus by A. Koebele. Type No. 3645, U. S. National Museum miscelli n. sp. 1 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wieu, VI, p. 214; 1893. 140 Genus CUPHOCERA Macq. Cuphocera Macqnart, Annales Soc. Ent. France, p. 267; 1845. Palpibraea Rondani, Annali Natnralisti Napoli; 1845. Sphyricci-a Lioy, Atti Instituto Veneto, Vol. IX, p. 1336; 1864. The synonymy of the first two is according to Rondani.1 Sphyricera is referred by Braner and Bergenstamm as a subgenus of Cuphocera.2 Our two species have three postsutural and three sternopleural macro- cbsetae: Abdomen black, the fourth segment yellowish; length, 10 to 12 mm. Franconia. N. H.; Massachusetts; Westville, N. J., and northern Illinois. (Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. X X X V , p. 193 ; 1892 : Trichophora.) .fucata v. d. W. Abdomen yellowish, a dorsal black vitta on the first three seg- ments; length. 10 to 13 mm. Lake Worth, Fla., and California. (Dipteres Exotiques, Supplement IV, part II, p. 148 (175); 1849: Micropalpus.) calif or niensis Macq. Genus PELETERIA Desv. Peleteria Desvoidy, Essai but les Myodaires, p. 39; 1830. Sphyromyia Bigot, Bulletin Soc Ent. France, p. 108; 1883. Chcetopeleteria Mik, Wiener Kntomol. Zeitung, Vol. XIII, p. 100; March 31, 1891. TetrachcBta Braner and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mas. Wien, VII, p. 611; 1894. The synonymy of the first two is by the writer; the last two are given by Braner and Bergenstamm as subgenera of Peleteria.3 Our species have four postsutural and three sternopleural macrochaetae : 1. Abdomen yellow on the sides or at the apex, thorax and sides of front pollinose 2. Abdomen wholly sinning black, not pollinose, sides of front shining bronze black, thorax shining, almost destitute of pollen, front tarsi of female noticeably dilated; length, 12.5 mm. Bighorn .Mountains, Wyoming; Colorado, and Salmon City, Idaho. (In Zetterstedt's Diptera Scandinavian, Vol. VIII, p. 3217; 1849: Echinomyia. ? Tachina hirta Curtis, in Ross's Voyage to the Arctic Region, p. 70; 1831.) arnea Staeger. 2. Second and third segments of abdomen largely or wholly gray pollinose; length, 10 to 14 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Moun- tains, New Hampshire; Allegheny, Pa. ; Ithaca, N. Y. ; northern Illinois; Missouri; Georgia; Texas; Denver, Colo., and Santa Cruz, Lake, Calaveras and Los Angeles counties, Cal. (Aus- sereuropaische Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 290; 1830: Tachina. Echinomyia analis Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Suppl. I, p. 144; 1846. Tachina anaxias Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 72G; 1849. Echinomyia. filipalpis Rondani, Arch- ivio Zool. l'Anat. e Fisiologia, Vol. Ill, p. 15; 1865. Echinomyia 1 Dipterologia1 Italics Prodromus, Vol. I, p. 63 ; 1856. 2 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VII, p. 613; 1894. 3Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VII, p. 613; 1891 141 hcemorrhoa van der Wulp, Tijdsclirift voor Entoinologie, Vol. II, p. 145; 1867. Echinomyia filipalpis Thomson, Kongliga Sven- ska Fregatten Engenies Resa, Diptera, p. 517; 1868. Sphyro- myia malleola Bigot, Bulletin Soc. Entomol. France, p. 109 ; 1883. Echinomyia thomsoni 1 Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Arol. XIII, p. 301; October, 1886. Echinomyia cora Bigot, Annales Soc. Entomol. France, p. cxl; 1887. Echinomyia cinerascens Bigot, loc. cit., p. 256; 1888. Peleteria thomsoni Will., Brauer and Bergeustamm in litt.) robusta Wied. Second and third segments destitute of pollen on the yellow lateral portions except at the extreme bases; abdomen light yellow, usually marked with a dorsal row of black spots; length, 9 to 14 mm. Georgetown, Canada; White Mountains, Xew Hamp- shire; Beverly, Mass.; Lansing, Mich.; northern Illinois; Canon City, Colo. ; Pullman, Wash. ; Germany, and Austria. Two males from Austria received from Brauer and Bergeustamm, and by them labeled Peleteria tessellata Meig.; also one female from Germany, received from V. von Boeder, and by him labeled Echinomyia tessellata. (Entomologia Systematica, Vol. IV, p. 324; 1796: Mnsca. Echinomyia nigricornis Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 45; 1830. Tachina pu net if era Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 728; 1849. Echinomyia flavi- ventris van der Wulp, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, • p. 32; April, 1888. Echinomyia neglecta Townsend, Annals Mag. Xat. Hist., Vol. XIX, p. 148; Feb., 1897. Peleteria robusta Wied., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) tessellata Fabr. Genus ARCHYTAS Jaen. Arehytas Jaenuicke, Neue Exotische Dipteren, p. 392; 1867. Nemochceta van der Wulp, Biol. Cent. -Americana, Dipt., Vol. II, p. 38; April, 1888. Tachinode8 Brauer and Bergeustamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 133; 1889. Parafabricia Brauer and Bergenstamm, loc. cit., VII, p. 612; 1894. The above synonymy except the last one is according to Brauer and Bergeustamm,2 who compared the types of these three descriptions; these authors state that the type of the genus Arehytas has the pro- boscis broken, which accounts for the peculiar form accorded to this organ by Jaenuicke. Parafabricia was considered by its founders as irrhis name was proposed by Dr. Williston to replace filipalpis Thorns., preoccu- pied. Ou page 301 he gives anaxias Walk, and analis Macq. as probable synonyms of kcemorrhoa v. d. W. In the Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 32, van der Wulp gives the latter as synonymous with robusta Wied., places analis Macq. and filipalpis Bond, in the same category, and states that filipalpis Thorn, may also be added to this list. He doubts the correctness of Williston's reference of anaxias Walk., owing to Walker's statement that there are "no bristles on the sides of the face;" but Walker refers to the facial ridges, and not to the sides of the face as at present understood. In the Dipteri del Messico, p. 10, Giglio-Tos places cora Bigot as a synonym of filipalpis Rond. 2 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 146; 1893. 142 being a subgenus of Archytas.1 All of our species have the third antennal joint strongly convex on the upper side, four postsutural and three sternopleural macrocliretie : 1. Sides of face bearing black hairs, abdomen shining, not pollinose . . 3. Sides of face destitute of black hairs; calypteres 'whitish 2. 2. Abdomen subopaque, marked with large gray pollinose spots; black, the head except the occiput, the first two joints of antennae, palpi, fourth abdominal segment largely, and sometimes the sides of the second, yellowish; thorax subopaque gray pollinose, marked with four black vittse; length, 10 mm. Waco, Tex., and Jamaica, West Indies. (Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. X XVI, p. 2:> ; 1883 : Echinomyia.) piliventris v. d. W. Abdomen shining, tinged with blue, not pollinose except the fourth segment; thorax opaque gray pollinose, with a strong brassy tinge, marked with five black vittaB, scutellum yellow, some- times the sides and tip of the abdomen are more or less yellow; length, 11 to 15 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains, New Hampshire; New York, N. Y.; District of Columbia; northern Illinois; Missouri; Georgia: Waco, Tex.; northern California, and Jamaica. West Indies. (SystemaAntliatorum, p.311j 1805: Tachina. Jurinia amethystina Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part II, p. 199 [12], 1812; and Supplement I, p. 147. Inch hia apicifera Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 718; 1849. Tachina californicB Walker, Insecta Saundersiana, Vol. I, p. 270; 185(5. Archytas sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift. ) analis Fabr. 3. Calypteres whitish 4. Calypteres brown, thorax shining bluish, the front end grayish x>olli- nose and marked with four black vittse, abdomen shining red- dish, strongly tinged with pale blue; length, 13 to 10 mm. New Bedford, Mass.; Cumberland Gap, Ky.; Florida; Egypt, Ga.; Holly Springs, Miss. ; Baton Rouge, La., and Kansas. (Systema Entomologie, p. 777; 1775: Musca, Jurinia boscii Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 3G; 1830. Echinomyia georgica Macquart, Histoire Naturelle Insectes, Dipteres, Vol. II, p. 79; 1835. Jurinia virginiensis Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Sup- plement IV, Part II, p. 144 (171); 1851. Jurinia fuscipennis Jaeunicke, Xeue Exot. Dipt., p. 83 (391); 1807. Jurinia hys- tricoides Williston, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 300; October, 1880. Archytas hystricoides Will., Brauer and Ber- genstamm in litt.) hystrix 2 Fabr. lLoc. cit., VII, p. 613. 2 In the Zweif. Kais. Mas. Wien, IV, p. 133, Brauer and Bergenstamm refer this species to the present genus from au examination of specimens which Wiedemann compared with the type specimen of hystrix and declared them to be identical with the latter. 143 4. Thorax bluish, subshining, thinly gray pollinose, and marked with four black vitta>; abdomen blackish, strongly tinged with blue, first joint of arista scarcely longer than wide; length, 10 to 15 mm. White Mountains, New Hampshire ; Beverly, Mass.; New York, K Y.; District of Columbia; Virginia; North Carolina; Florida; Tifton, Ga.; Holly Springs, Miss.; Cadet, Mo., and Keokuk, Iowa. (Essai sur les Myoclaires, p. o5; 1830; Jurinia. Jurinia leucostoma Desvoidy, loc. cit., p. 37. Jurinia smaragdina Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part III, p. 196; 1842. Tachina atra Walker, Insecta Saundersiana, Vol. I, p. 273; 1856. Archytas aterrima Desv., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift,] aterrima Desv. Thorax with a bronze tinge, subopaque, gray pollinose and marked with four black vittae; abdomen black, with a bluish tinge, the sides broadly reddish, first joint of arista usually twice as long- as wide; length, 11 to 15 mm. Massachusetts, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Colorado. (Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part II, p. 199 [42]; 1842. Tachina candens Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 720 ; 1849. Tachina iterans Walker, 1. c, p. 727. Jurinia apicalis Jaennicke, Neue Exot. Dipt., p. 82 [390]; 1867. Echinomyia victoria Townsend, Annals Mag. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX, p. 14S; February, 1897.) lateralis Macq. Genus ECHINOMYIA Dumeril. Echinomyia Dumeril, Exposit. Methode Xaturelle Class. Iusectes; 1801. Ftibricia Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 42; 1830. (Xon Blainville, 1828.) Mikia Kowarz, Wiener Ent. Zeitung, Vol. IV, p. 51 ; February 1, 1885. Pareudora Wachtl, Wiener Ent. Zeitung-, Vol. XIII, p. 110; April 20, 1894. Nowiakia Wachtl, loc. cit. Pararchytas Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wieu, VII, p. 614; 1894. The two genera of Wachtl are stated by Brauer and Bergenstamm to be identical with Echinomyia, and they place Fabricia, Mikia, and Pararchytas as subgenera of it.1 Our species have four postsutural and usually three sternopleural macrochaetse : 1. Small crossvein never clouded with brown 2. Small crossvein distinctly clouded, sides of mesonotum, scutellum, and abdomen, except sometimes a dorsal vitta, yellowish red; base of wings brown; length, 11 to 13 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains, N. H.; New Jersey; Colorado, and southern California. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 715; 1819: Tachina. Jurinia echinata Thompson, Kongliga Svenska Fre- gatten Eugenies Resa, Diptera, p. 516; 1868. Tachinodes decisa Walk., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) decisa Walk. 1 Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VII, p. 614 ; 1894. 144 2. Abdomen distinctly yellowish on the sides or at the apex 3. Abdomen and thorax wholly blackish, sides of the former some- times tinged with reddish; base of wings yellow; length, 12 to 17 mm. Toronto, Canada; White Mountains and Franconia, X. H.; Vermont; New Bedford, Mass.; Oswego, X. Y.; Colo- rado: Montana; British Columbia; Washington; Oregon, and California. (Ausser. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 285; 1830: Tachina. Echinomyia picea Desvoidy, Essai sur les Myodaires, p. 44; 1830. Echinomyia lapihui Desvoidy, loc. eit. Tachina degenera Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 732; 1849. Jurinia nitida van der Wulp, Notes from the Leyden Museum, Vol. IV, p. 82; 1882. Echinomyia Jugubris van der Wulp, Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, Vol. XXVI, p. 20; 1883.) a I yens Wied. 3. Second segment of abdomen bearing at most four marginal macro- chsetae 4. Second segment of abdomen bearing at least ten marginal inacro- chaetae on the dorsum, abdomen wholly yellow, middle of dorsum of second and third segments covered with black macroclneta?; length, 14 mm. Colorado and Washington. (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIII, p. 297; October, 1880 : Dcjcania.) . .hystricosaWill. 4. First segment of abdomen on the sides largely or wholly yellow, the fourth yellow at least on the front corners 5. First segment wholly black, or at most with the hind angles nar- rowly yellow; front tarsi of female broadly dilated; abdomen black, the apex broadly, or the sides of the last three segments and apex of the last, or only the sides of the second and third segments, yellow; length, 10 to 13 mm. Canada; White Moun- tains and Franconia, X. H.; Xew Bedford, Mass.; Buena Vista, X. J., and Xorth Carolina. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 722; 1849: Tachina.) florum Walk. 5. Palpi only halt as long as the proboscis beyond the basal articula- tion, front of male one and one half times as wide as either eye, head at base of antenna1, much longer thau at the vibrissa', front projecting in front of the eyes one and one-half times the hori- zontal diameter of the latter; abdomen of male yellow, middle of first segment, a dorsal spot, and genitalia black; length, 12 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. (Bulletin Soc. Ent. France, p. cxli; 1887 : Fabricia.) ' infumata Bigot. Palpi almost as long as the proboscis, front of male two-thirds as wide as either eye, head at base of antenna? not longer than at the vibrissa?, front projecting in front of the eyes less than the horizontal diameter of the latter; abdomen yellow, usually marked with a black dorsal vitta or row of spots; length, 10 to 14 mm. Franconia, X. H. ; Xorth Carolina; Colo., and Cali- fornia. (Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc, Vol. XIX, p. 94; April, 1892. Tachina sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) .dakotensis Town. 145 Genus EPALPUS Rond. Epalpus Rondani, Nuovi Annali Sci. Nat. Bologna, Vol. II, p. 170 (6); 1850. Our species have tbree sternopleural macrocha:ta3 : 1. With four postsutural macrochretre, hairs ou sides of face black, femora largely or wholly black 2. With only three postsutural macrochreta^ hairs on sides of face and the femora, tibise, and entire abdomen yellow; second and third segments of abdomen bearing discal and marginal macrocbaetae; length, 9 to 11 mm. Colorado. (Biologia Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. II, p. 23; April, 1888: Saundersia. Epalpus sp., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) nigripilosa v. d. W. 2. Abdomen shining, destitute of "pollen, yellow, the fourth segment black ; second segment bearing a discal cluster and a marginal row of about twelve macroclnetre ; length, 10 to 13 mm. Summit County, Colo., and Siskiyou County, Cal. (Traus. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 304; October, 1880: Saundersia. Epalpus bicolor Will., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) bicolor Will. Abdomen black, the sides sometimes partly reddish, fourth segment marked with a large spot of gray pollen, sometimes a dorsal vitta of gray pollen on the third, second segment bearing a discal cluster of from four to twelve and a marginal pair of inacrocluet* ; length, 10 to 11 mm. Franconia, X. H.; Beverly and Hyde Park, Mass.; Maryland; North Carolina; Custer County, Colo. ; Tenino, Wash., and California. (List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 708; 1840: Tachina. Epalpus signifera (Walk.) O. S., Brauer and Bergenstamm in litt.) signifera1 Walk. Unrecognized species. — E. (Saundersia) maculata Williston, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 304; November, 1880'. X. Mex. Genus BOMBYLIOMYIA Br. and Berg. Bombyliomyia Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, IV, p. 131; 1889. Our single species is yellow, the sides of the front, third joint of antennae, arista, dorsum of thorax except the lateral margins, and a dorsal row of small spots on the abdomen, black; two postsutural and two sternopleural inacrochoetre ; length, 11 to 14 mm. Toronto, Canada ; White Mountains, New Hampshire; Beverly, Mass.; Trenton, N. J.; Allegheny, Pa.; Utica, Lake George, and New York, N. Y. ; Ohio; Colorado, and Washington. (Ausser. Zweif. Insekten, Vol. II, p. 293; 1 In the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, Vol. XIII, p. 303, Dr. Williston doubtfully refers this species to the genus Saundersia, hut in the Biol. Cent.-Amer., Diptera, Vol. U, p. 22, van der Wulp states that this reference is very doubtful, since Walker men- tions the palpi in his description. This is the only species, however, from the eastern part of North America that at all agrees with Walker's description, aud the fact that he mistook the folds in the mouth for palpi will not at all .surprise any student familiar with the doings of that author. 3350 10 146 1830: Tachina. Tachina vivida Harris, Kept. Insects Mass. Injuri- ous to Vegetation, p. G12; 1841. Hystricia testacea Macquart, Dipteres Exotiques, Vol. II, Part III, p. 201 [U] ; 1842. Tachina finitima Walker, List of Dipterous Insects, Part IV, p. 707; 1849. Hystricia fulvida Bigot, Bulletin Soc. Ent. France, p. cvij 1888. Bombyliomyia abrupta Wied., Brauer and Bergenstamm in lift.) abrupta Wied. Genus DEJEANIA Desv. Dejeania Desvoidy, Essai snr lea Myodaires, p. 33; 1830. Our single species is yellow, the third joint of antenna?, arista, pro- boscis, dorsum of thorax, portions of the pleura and usually a dorsal row of spots on the abdomen, black; four postsutural and two sterno- pleural inacrochaetae; front tarsi of male not ciliate on the side with short bristles, those of the female slightly dilated on the last four joints; length, 13 to 15 mm. Colorado. (Western Diptera, p. 34;}; April 30, 1877. Dejeania sp. non corpulenta Wied.,1 Brauer and Bergen- stamm mi lift.) vexatrix O. S. Genus PARADEJEANIA Br. and Berg. Paradejeania Brauer and Bergenstamm, Zweif. Kais. Mus. Wien, VI, p. 147; 1893. Our single species is yellow, the front, antennae, proboscis, occiput, thorax except the hind margin, legs, and sometimes a dorsal vitta or row of BpotS and the fourth segment of the abdomen, black; wings smoky gray, ealypteivs yellow: four postsutural and three sternopleu- ral niacrochaetse; length, 16 to 18; October, 1886 : Hystrieia.) soror Will. INDEX TO GENERA AND SPECIES. Page. abrupta, Bombylionryia 146 Acemyia --- --- H5 Acha?toneura - - 105 acrirostris, Ginglymia 40 Acroglossa -- 134 acroglossoides= analis, Chaetogsedia 137 Actia -Js addita. Phorocera ? 105 Admontia 53 adusta, Blepharipeza 124 adnsta=metallica. Jurinia 147 gelops, Beskia - - 73 aenmlans. Prospherysa 117 aenea, Hypostena 62 genea, Myiophasia . 50 aenea, Peleteria 140 SBneoventris, Alophora 45,47 aerata, Exorista - — 1(),) aBstivalis=comta, LinnaBmyia ht afflnis. Exorista 94 Agculocera 115 alacer=rustica. Tachlna 119 albif rons= capitata, Gonia - 133 albifrons=rnstica. Tachina 119 albifrons, Sturmla 110 Albinia - - - 64 alcedo, Gymnochaeta - 89 aldrichii=occidentis, Phorantha 44 aldrichi=radicum. Panzeria- - 8K aletiae. Frontina - - 107 algens, Echinomyia - 144 Alophora 44 alpestris=hebes, Spallanzania.. 135 ambigua, Jurinella 147 Amedia 64 Amedoria 55 americana, Admontia 53 americana =adusta, Blepharipeza 134 americana =senea, Myiophasia 50 americana =areos, Polidea 65 americana=Eliozeta 89 a mericana, E vibrissa 40 aniericana=floridensis, Epigrimyia 75 americana=mella, Tachina 119 americana=pilipennis, Actia 59 americana. Plagia 78 americana. Racodineura 66 americana -trilineata. Senotainia 81 amethystina— analis, Archytas 1 42 Ammobia 138 Amobi a 138 ampelus=radicnm. Panzeria 88 amplexa, Exorista 98 analis, Archytas 142 analis, Chaetogaedia 137 analis=comta, Linnaemyia 87 analis=genicnlata. Siphona.. 7(5 Page. analis, Leskia 67 analis =robusta, Peleteria 140 anaxias=robnsta, Peleteria 140 ancilla, Frontina 106 angustata, Exorista -.. 99 angusticornis, Atrophopalpns 120 anomala. Neotractocera 40 anomala, Siphoplagia 78 anonyma = f renchii, Frontina 107 antennalis=setigera. Clansicella 56 antennalis. Spallanzania 136 antennata. Phorocera ? 1 05 Anthoiea 66 anthophila=radicum, Panzeria 88 Aphria 85 apicalis, Atacta 83 apicalis. Brachycoma. 131 apicalis^ lateralis. Archytas 143 apicifera= analis, Archytas 142 Apinops 07 Aplomya 91 Aporia 64 Aporomya 91 Aporomyia 95 Araba 127 archippivora. Frontina 107 Archytas . _ _ 141 arcuata. Xanthomelana 73 areos, Polidea 65 argent ea. Ocyptera 86 argentifrons=polita, Hilarella 129 argentil'rons. Pseudochseta l b'> argentif rons=trilineata, Senotainia 81 Argyrophylax 108 aristalis, Hilarella 129 armigera. Frontina 106 Arrenopus 80 Atacta. 83 aterriina . Archytas 1 43 atra—senea, Myiophasia 50 atra. Apinops. 67 atra = aterrima. Archytas 143 atra=helymus. Metachaeta 126 atra. Lencostoma 69 atra. Clytiomyia 71 atripennis. Chaetoplagia 127 atripennis. Xanthomelana 73 atripes, Thryptocera 58 Atropharista 85 Atrophopalpus 126 Atrophopoda 126 atrophopodoid.es, Vanderwulpia 117 audax = vulgaris, Exorista 93 audens=rustica. Tachina 119 aurantiaca= cilipes, Trichopoda 48 aurata. Hemyda 73 aurif rons= americana. Plagia 78 149 150 Page. aurifrons, Masicera 115 aiirifrons=signatus, Pachyopthalnms ... 80 anrigera. Biomyia 82 australis, Stiirmia - 110 bakeri, Sturmia - 112 barbata, Hypostena 62 Baumhaueria . . 137 Belvosia 84 Beskia - - 78 Besseria 39 bicincta=bifasciata, Belvosia 84 bicolor, Epalpus 146 bicolor, ParachSBta 138 bilasciata. Belvosia _ 84 BigonichaBta 56 bilimekii. (Estrophasia 71 binotata== Carolina, Ocyptera 86 Biomyia - bisetosa =hebee, Spallanzania 186 blanda, Exorista 08 blandita. Kxorista 96 Blepharidea 91 Blepharlpa 108 Blepharipeza 128 Blepharlpoda 108 Blondelia 109 boarmiaB, Kxorista 95 Bombyliorayia 145 Bonellia : 96 Bonnetia borealis comta, Ltnnemyia. Si boscii bystrix, Archytas 142 Brachycoma 181 brasUiana, Biomyia 89 brevipennis, Besseria - 89 breviroetris, Siphona ..... 76 Bucentes _ ;:. California -ana lis. Archytas 14a calif arnica, Amobia - _ 189 calit'ornira carolinae, Ocyptera 86 calif ornlerists, Cnphocera 140 caloeom8B=georgia31 Biomyia..- 82 calyptrata, Phorantha. 11 candens=laterali81 archytas. 143 capitata. Gonia 188 Carcelia 91 Carolina-. 1 >cyptera 86 cecropiaB=quadripustulata1 Winthemia 186 Celatoria 59 celer, Masicera 114 celer=occidentis, Phorantha 44 Cenosoma 70 ceratomiae, Exorista 101 Ceratomyiella 52 1 ieromasia. 118 Ceromya 58 Chaetogaedia. 187 Chaetoglossa 79 chaetoneura, Masicera 115 Chaetopeleteria 140 Chaetophleps 59 Chaetoplagia 127 chaetosula, Muscoptery x 1 25 Chaetotachina - 118 cheloniae, Exorista 92 Chetoliga 124 Page. chittendeni, Paraphyto.... 129 chrysophani=confinis. Exorista 97 ehrysoprocta, Macromeigenia 89 Chrysosoma 89 ciliata=pennipes, Trichopoda 48 sa annigera, Frontina 106 ruinstockii, Kulasiona 52 comstocki, Phorocera 104 comta, Linnaemyia 87 conflnlfl, Exorista 97 conica, Ceratomyiella 58 consimllls=geniculata, Siphona 76 convecta, Schizotachina — 55 cora robnsta, Peleteria 141 coinuta=aelops, Beskia 78 ("lonimyia 74 corythus=atripennis1 Xanthomelana... 73 ( •<» t a 1 is, Tricogena — 180 crawil :dlabrotlca3, Celatoria 00 crebra. ChSBtoga3dia 187 I r.vptoineigenia.- 52 Cryptopalpus 89 C.tenocnemis 108 Cuphocera 140 curriei, Exorista 94 Cyrtophloeba - 78 dakotensis. Echinomyia - 144 dakotensis, Euscopolia 40 dakotensis, Barcoclista 40 Daochaeta - 89 datana3=qnadripnstnlata, Winthemia... 125 datanarum=frenchii, Frontina 107 davidsoni . Brachycoma - 181 decens, Hilarella. - - 128 decisa, Echinomyia 143 decisa=rubriventris, Senotainia. 80 Degeeria - 55 degeerioides, Admontia 54 degenera=algens, Echinomyia 144 deilephilae-quadripustulata, Winthemia 125 Dejeania - 146 Demoticus — 120 demylus, Admontia 54 151 Page. dentata, Acemyia 116 depile=analis, Leskia 67 Dexiophana 117 Dexiosoma 138 Dexodes 113 diabroticae, Celatoria 60 Dichocera . . 137 Didyma 63 didyma, Xysta 40 disjunct^, Microphthalmia- 138 distans= vulgaris. Exorista 93 Distichona - -- 79 distincta, Amobia 139 distincta=comta, Linnaemyia 87 distincta, Sturmia ill diversa, Alophora- 45.47 diversa = immaculata, Cistogaster 43 dives, Dexia 86 doryphora?, Phorocera 104 dosiades, Ocyptera. 86 dotades=carolinae, Ocyptera 8(5 Drepanoglossa 74 dubia, Exorista 95 dubia= radicuin, Panzeria 88 dubia=violentn. Frontina 108 diiTiniiigii, Hypostena 60 dydas, Frontina? 108 echinata= decisa, Ecbinomyia 143 Echinomyia 143 edwardsii = claripennis, Eupborocera 1 02 Elachipalpus 139 Eliozeta . 39 elita, HilareUa? 129 Emphanopteryx 52 Ennyomma 50 Epalpus 145 epicydes=afflni8, Exorista 94 Epigrimyia 74 epytus=carolinae, Ocyptera 86 Erigone 88 Ernestia 88 erucicola, Paraplagia 78 Ervia 66 erythrocera, Hesperomyia 40 erythrocera = rubri ventris, Senotainia . . . 80 eucerata=pedestris, Hypostena- 61 Euceromyia 39 euchenor— carolinae, Ocytera 86 Eucnephalia 39 eudryae, Exorista. 100 eufitcbiae, Masicera 115 Eulasiona -. . 52 Eumacronychia 128 Eumetopia 127 Eumyotbyria 39 eumyothyroides=theutis, Cryptomeigen. 52 Euoestrophasia 70 Euphorocera 101 Eury gaster 91 Euscopolia 40 Eusiphona 49 Eutachina 118 Euthera 120 Euthyprosopa 132 Eutnxa 72 Evibrissa 40 Page. exigue, Didyma 63 Exorista 91 Exoristoides 90 exul = adusta, Blepharipeza . - - 1 24 exilic capitata, Gonia - 133 exul = con vecta, Scbizotacbina 55 Fabricia. 81,143 facialis, Phorocera 105 fasciata, Senotainia — 81 Fausta 88 fenestrata. Alophora 46 fernaldi=mella. Tachina 119 festinans, Masicera 114 flliola= f uliginosa, Gymnosoma 43 filipalpus=robusta. Peleteria 140, 141 nnitima=abrupta, Bombyliomyia 146 finitima, Spallanzania 1 36 flava. Clytiomyla. 72 flaveola, Hypostena in flavlcauda=unifasciata, Belvosia 84 flaviceps, Cryptx)palpus 39 navicornis^pennipes, Trichopoda 49 flavlcornis=rubriventris, Senotainia 80 flavifrons=rustiea. Tachina 119 flavipalpus=rnstica, Tachina 119 fla vipennis, Melanophrys 85 fiavipes. Uaediopsis - 136 flavipes. Thryptocera 58 fiavipes, Xanthomelana 72 fiavirostris. Ex< >rista 1 00 flavrventris=tessellata, Peleteria 141 florida— vulgaris, Exorista 93 floridensis=brasiliana, Biomyia. - 82 floridensis, Epigrimyia - - 75 floridensis, Hypostena 62 floridensis. Pachyophthalmus 80 floridensis=parvipalpis,Plagiprospherysa 77 florum. Echinomyia - - - 144 florum= festinans. Masicera 114 formosa, Trichopoda - - 48 fraterna=aletiae, Frontina 107 fraudulenta, Sturmia 112 Frauenfeldia - 130 frenchii, Frontina 107 Frontina 105 fronto, Exorista 96 frontosa=eapitata, Gonia 133 fucata, Cuphocera 140 f ulgens = comta , Linnaemy ia 87 f uliginosa, Gymnosoma 43 fulvicornis, Hilarella - 128 f ulvicornis= rubri ventris, Senotaini a — 80 f ul vida = abrupta. Bombyliomyia 1 46 f ulvipalpis, Masicera - 115 f ul vipes, Blepharipeza 1 24 f umipennis= carolinae, Ocyptera 86 fumosa, Alophora 46 f uscicornis=geniculata, Siphona 76 fuscipennis=hystrix, Archytas 142 futilis, Exorista 98,99 Gaediopsis 136 gallica=hebes, Spallanzania 1 35 gelida, Euphorocera 101 genalis, Biomyia 83 genalis, Metaphyto 90 geniculata, Epigrimyia — 75 L52 Page. geniculate., Siphona. 76 georgiffi. Biomyia 88 georgise, Distichona 79 georgica=hystrix, Archytas 142 gillettei, Paraphyto 128 gllvipes, Bypostena 61 Ginglymia 40 globosa=aenea, Myiophasia - 50 Gonia .. .-- 132 Goniochseta - 40 gonioides, Opsidia. — 128 gonoides, Eucnephalia 89 grandis, Alophora. 15, 17 grisea deucocephala, Metopia 1--27 griseomicans, Exorista os GymnochSBta 99 Gymnocrytia - t- Gymnopareia 68 Gymnophania 40 Gymnoprosopa - 126 Gymnosoma... 43 baemorrhoa robusta, Peleteria i n Barrisia M harrisina'. Stunnia 111 barveyi, Daochseta .. 89 hastata, Lsoglossa 78 bebes, Spallanzania - 188 liclvina. Exorista 96 helymus, BfetachsBta 126 Bemimaslcera 118 Bemithrixion to Bemyda 78 tieraclaei=comta, Linnaemyia - SI Berbstia 67 besperidarum, spallanzania 186 Besperomyla in besperus=frenchil1 Frontina 107 beteroneura, ParahypochsBta. 10 Beteropterina rt; Bllarclla. 128 Bimantostoma .. 4<> birsuta= vulgaris, Exorista 98 ini'ia * aBnea, Peleteria 140 birtipes pennipes, Trichopoda 18 histrio=plumipes, Trichopoda .. (8 borrida, Cyrtophloeba---- 78 Boughla.-.. us Bubneria oi byalomoides, Cllstomorpha 89 Hyaloniyia 11 Byalomyodes 70 Byalurgus <>4 bybreas, Tacbina? no 1 1 ypert ropbocera to hyphantriae, Byphantropbaga 91 Byphantropbaga oi By] ii »cna3ta 65 Bypostena 60 Syria — 66 ]iystricoides=hystrix, Archytas 14-J bystricosa, Ecbinomyia 144 hystrix, Archytas 142 Illigeria 40 illinoiensis, Euniyothyria _ 39 illinoiensis=geniculata, Siphona 76 immaeulata, Cistogaster 43 Page. Inconspicua, Didyma - - 68 indecisa=floridensis. Hypostena 68 lnermis= bicolor, 1 'arachaeta 123 bifesta=quadripustnlata, Winthemia. . 125 inl'iiiiiata. Echinomyia 144 inquinata. Sturmia 111 insolita, Melanophrys 85 intermedia, Brachycoma 132 interrupta = chrysopr()cta. Macromeigen. 8!> Irrequieta, Frontina 108 isae, Exorista (.)t> Iso^lossa 73 Isomers 132 iterans= lateralis, Archytas 148 .johnsoni. Clausicella 5(5 joiinsoni. Exoristoides oi johnsoni. Byalnrgus 04 joiinsoni, Lasioneura 50 jugatoria=pennipes, Trich9poda 48 Jurinella 147 Jurinia in; jurinoidcs- insolita. Melanophrys 85 kansonsis nibrlventris, Senotainia 80 kansctisis varia. Distichona To Labiata leucocephala, Metopia 12; Labis, NemoraBa 88 ^accoprosopa - 131 Lachnomma 12(> Lasta, Frontina 106 lanipes, Trichopoda 47 i.ipiia'i algens, Ecbinomyia 144 Lasioneura 50 Lateralis, Archytas 148 Lateralis Leucocephala, Metopia 127 lateralis, Phorichaeta? 127 laiiirons leucophrys, Blepharipeza lii Latreillia 84 l.oskia 66 LesMomlma 07 leucaniaB, Phorocera - 104 leucania>=(iuadripustulata. Winthemia 126 Leucocephala, Metopia 127 leucophrys, Blepharipeza 124 Leucostoma - 68 leucostoma aterrima, Archytas 143 Limacodis :pristis, Macquartia 01 LinnaBmyia 8(i Lispidea.. 57 litturata. Euantha - so lobelise, Exorista. - 07 Lor win 40 longicornis, Hypoclueta 65 Lophosia 40 lophyri=claripennis. I^uphorocera 102 Lucens, Epigrimyia 74 Luctuosa, Alophora --- 44 ludibunda=rustica, Tachina 119 luggeri= leucocephala, Metopia 127 luKul)ris=algens, Echinomyia — 144 Lydella - 01 lyrata, Dichocera 137 Macquartia 64 macra, Phorocera. 103 Macromeigenia . 89 Macronychia 138 macropogon. Brachycoma 132 153 Page. maculata. Epalpus 145 maculosa, Hypostena-- 63 magnicornis=singularis. Paradidyma..- 126 malleola=robusta. Peleteria 141 j Marshamia 86 ! 3Iasicera 113 Masiphya — 81 masuria, Eutrixa 72 Mauromy ia 51 Medina 55 meigeni=geniculata, Siphona 76 Melanophrys 85 melanopygatus, Cryptopalpus 39 melissopodis, Plectops 57 melitaeae. Demoticus ... 121 mella, Tachina 119 melobosis. Phorocera? 105 mentalis, Tachinopsis 120 MetacnaBta - — 126 metaUica=aenea, Myiophasia 50 metallica. Jurinia 147 Metaphyto 89 Metaplagia . . 77 Dfetopia. ~. 127 mexicana, Gaediopsis 136 mexicana. Rhinophora? 40 michiganensis=dis.juncta. Microphthal. - 138 Micropalpus t . Micropththalnm 138 Mikia 143 militaris=quadripustulata. Winthemia 125 minor =radicum, Panzeria 88 minuta=geniculata. Siphona... 75 mira. Eusiphona _. 49 miscelli. Trichophora 139 montana, Gymnophania 50 monticola. Chaetogaedia 137 Muscopteryx 125 Myiophasia 50 Myoma 66 myoidaBa, Masicera 114 Myothyria 40 Myxexorista 91 nana, Senotainia 81 nasoni. Admontia 53 nasoni. Heteropterina 7(5 Neaera 60 nebulosa. Sciasma 69 negleeta=tessellata. Peleteria 141 Nemochaeta. 141 Nemoraea 87 Nemorilla rista 93 nigripalpus= viola?. Chaetoglossa 79 nigripes=comta, Linnaemyia 87 nigripilosa. Epalpus. 145 nigrita. Sturmia ill nigrocincta, Anisia 62 nigrovittata=geniculata. Siphona 76 nitens. Hypostena 63 nitida=algens. Echinomyia 144 nitida. Alophora 45 Xowickia 143 Qudtfacies=hebes, Spallanzania 13.5 obconica=albifrons, Sturmia 110 obscura. Winthemia 124 ohsoleta=hesperidarum, Spallanzania... 135 occidentalis, Epigrimyia 74 occidentalis. Metaplagia 77 occidentalis. Sturmia 110 occidentis. Ph< >rantha 44 oecidua=immaculata. Cistogaster 43 ochracea, (Estrophasia 71 Ocyptera 86 ocypterata, Aphria a5 Ocypten >sipha 73 OBBtriforme, Hemithrixion 40 (Estrophasia 70 Olenochaeta 79 Olivieria 85 opaca, Alophora 44 opaca, Epigrimyia 74 opaca. Paraphyto. 123 oplielia 127 ( )psidia 128 ordinaria, Exorista. 94 orgyiae=mella1 Tachina* 119 orientalis, Dichocera 138 Orillia 66 osten8ackenii=quadripustulata, Winth. - 125 Pachyophthalmus 79 pacta. Viviania 82 Pales 102 Pallasia 42 pallidas. Demoticus 121 palloris. Actia 58 Palpibraca 140 palpigera, Ldspidea 57 panaetius= mella, Tachina 119 pansa- hei >es. Spallanzania 135 pansa- mella. Tachina : 119 Panzeria 88 Parachaeta 123 Paradejeania 146 Paradidyma 126 Parafabricia 141 Paraf rontina . 105 Parahypochaeta 40 Paraphyto 122 Paraplagia 77 Pararchytas 143 Pareudora 143 Parexorista 91 *Tachina orygkB LeBaron. First Rept. Ins. 111., p. 16. 1871, is omitted in Osten Sacken's Catalogue, and in the preceding pages. It is a synonym of Tachina meUa Walk. 154 Page. par=fu]iginosa, Gymnosoma 43 parisiaca = hebes. Spallanzania 185 Parthenia - m parva. Exorista 100 parva. Ph< m >cera .. . • rubriventris, Senotainia 80 rufescens adnata, Blepharipeza . 121 ruflcauda=hesperidaru m, Spallanzania 185 rnflcauda=Trichophora 189 ruricornis=a>nea. Myiophasla 50 7-uticornis=alcedo. GymnochSBta 89 rutifrons, Chaetogaedia 137 rnfllabris, Phorocera 103 ruflpalpus=leucophrys, Blepharipeza 124 ruflrentris, Hilarella 189 rufonotata=quadripustulata."\Yinthemia 125 rufoplcta=quadripustulata,Wmthemia. . 125 rustica, Tachina . 119 rutilioides, Paradejeania . 148 sabulosa=confinis. Exorista 97 sagax= senilis, Gonia 183 Sarcoclista 40 Sarcomacronychia 79 sarcophagina, Brachycoma 132 sarcophagoides=floridensis, Pachyophth. 80 155 Page. Sarcotachinella 131 Saundersia I45 saundersii, Phorocera 105 Savia 51 Schineria 1 39 Schizotachina 55 schizurae = f renchii, Frontina 107 schizurae, Sturmia 113 Sciasma 69 Scopolia 126 scudderi = pyste, Exorista 93 scutellaris=radicum, Panzeria 88 scutellaris= vulgaris, Exorista 93 senilis, Gonia - 133 senilis, Leucostoma 69 Senonietopia 125 Senotainia - - - 80 septentrionalis=claripennis.Euphorocera 102 sequax=capitata. Gonia 133 sequax, Phorichaeta — 127 sequens. Vanderwulpia . - 117 servillei=confinis, Exorista.-- 97 setigena, Eulasiona — 53 setigera, Clausicella 56 setigera. Epigrimyia 75 setipennis, Houghia. - 118 setipennis. Tricogena 130 setosa. Chaetophleps - - 59 setosa= clesides, Phyto 51 setosa, Gaediopsis - - 136 signatus, Pachyophthalmus — 80 signifera, Epalpus 145 signif era, CEstrophasia 70 similis=robusta, Tachina 119 similis=rubriventris, Senotainia so singularis. Paradidyma 120 Siphoclytia 74 Siphona . . 75 siphonina, Hilarella 129 Siphophyto 74 Siphoplagia - 78 Siphosturmia 83 sisyropa : 91 slossonee, Belvosia 84 slossonae, Exoristoides 91 sinaragdina=aterrima, Archytas 143 Solieria 66 Somoleja 64, 91 sordicolor=georgiae, Biomyia 82 soror, Jurinella 147 Spallanzania 134 sphingivora= violenta, Frontina 108 Sphixapata 80, 81 Sphyricera 140 Sphyromyia 140 spinipennis, Exorista 95 spinosa, Celatoria 60 spinosa, Eulasiona 53 spinosula, Paraplagia 77 spinosula = rustica, Tachina 119 sqiiamipallens=leucocephala, Metopia... 127 sternalis, Sturmia 109 Stevenia. 40 strigata, Sturmia 110 Sturmia 108 stylata, Peteina _ 40 Page. subopaca, Alophora 47 subopaca, Leucostoma — 69 sugens, Himantostoma 40 Tachina 118 Tachinodes U1 tachinomoides=claripennis, Euphorocera 102 Tachinomyia - 118 Tachinophyto 60 Tachinopsis 120 tarsalis. Clausicella 56 tenera, Leskiomima B 67 tentatrix. Euthera 120 tenthredinidarum, Frontina 156 tenthredinivora=rustica, Tachina 119 tessellata, Peleteria 141 testacea=abrupta, Bombyliomyia 146 Tetrachaeta 140 thecata, Leskia 67 theclarum=connnis, Exorista 97 thelitis, Cryptomeigenia 52 thomsoni=robusta, Peleteria 141 Thryptocera 57 Thysanomyia 105 tibialis, Acemyia 116 timida. Didyma -- 63 tortricis. Hypostena 60 tortricis, Phorocera 103 triangulifera. Hyalomyodes 70 Trichophora 139 Trichopoda 47 Tricogena 130 trifasciata=disjuncta, Microphthalma- - - 138 trifasciata=plumipes. Trichopoda 48 trilineata, Senotainia 81 triquetra. Ervia 66 tristis=geniculata. Siphona 76 Trixa 40 Trixoclista 138 trixoides= disjuncta, Microphthalma — 138 Tryphera 40 trypoxylonis=floridensis, Pachyophthal. 80 turgata, Araba 128 turgida. Gonia 1:34 undulatus=ruficauda, Trichophora 139 unica=floridensis, Pachyopthalmus 80 unifasciata, Belvosia — 84 usitata, Clausicella 56 valida=parvipalpis, Plagiprospherysa ... 77 valida, Rhinophora? 40 Vanderwulpia 117 vanderwulpi, Hypostena 63 variabilis, Hypostena 02 varia, Distichona 79 venatoris, Demoticus 120 vexatrix, Dejeania 146 vibrissata- claripennis, Euphorocera 102 Vibrissina 62 victoria = lateralis. Archytas 143 violas, Chaetoglossa 79 violascens= occidentis, Phorantha 44 violenta, Frontina 108 virginiensis=hystrix, Archytas 142 viridulans=radicum, Panzeria 88 vittata= rustica, Tachina 119 Viviania 81 vivida=abrupta, Bombyliomyia 146 156 Page. vivida. Gymnochseta - 89 vulgaris. Exorista — 93 Wahlbergia 89,78 washingtonae, Medina 55 web6teri=frenchii, Frontana kit weedil=triangulifera. Hyalomyodea 70 Willistonia W Pagfe. willistoni=SBlops, Beakia... 78 Winthemia • 184 Xanthomelana '. 78 Xanthomelanodes 78 Xysta 40 zonata=conflnis. Exorista 97 ERRATA. Page 10, line 15 from below, place a star (*) before Leucarctia. Page 23, lines 2 to 4. transfer the * to < >cyptera and erase Trichopoda plnmipes Fabi . Page 28, line 11 from below, erase " PhorichaBta seqnax Will/1 Page 25, line 4. erase the * before Belvosia. Page 26, line 18, Cor " Phorocera parva Bigot " read Phorocera leucaniae Coq, Page •'-)»'>. couplet 98, tor " Base" read bend. Page 88, line 10 from below, erase " Vol. VI." Page 108, line 1. erase ■• Vol. VIII." Page 110, line 9 from below, for "8" read 2. Page in. line 28, for " U nthredinida/rum Town." read< xilian. sp. The former belongs to Front ina. Page 119, line 11 from below, after ■■ Ital." add Prodromus. Page 186, line 14 from below. •• From the type specimen " refers to Metaehoeta atra. LIBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD LIBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD U.S-0-^-. 0 0f North M*r- UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 09226 8449 '.'.•.yifiyiiiv ti.uui'tiur liniiOliii H BUHHI ■^Hiiii:>'