R. I. 3130 August. 1931 L*" Department of commerce UNITED STATES BUREAU OF MINES Scott Turner. Director REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL CRUDE OILS FROM THE EAST TEXAS FIELD -. — — Di L_ U.S. DEPOSITORY BY E. L. Garton R.I. 3130. August, 1931. REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE - BUREAU OF MINES PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL CRUDE OILS FROM By E. L. Garton 2 The United States Bureau of Mines has recently collected samples of crude petroleum from wells in the newly developed Joiner, Kilgore, and Longview fields of Rusk and Gregg Counties in the East Texas district, and from the Van field of the East Central district of Tsxas. East Texas Crude s The four samples of crude oil from the East Texas fields are all typical "inter- mediate base" crudes according to the classification given by Smith and Lane. Sample 31,063 is from the discovery well in the Joiner field. This well came in on October 3, 1930, with an initial production of 400 barrels per day. Sample 31,062 was obtained from a well that war completed on February 1, 1931, with an initial production of 3,500 barrels per day. The 32 East Texas crudes are produced at an average depth of approximately 3,600 feet, which is the deepest Woodgine-sand production so far encountered in any of the Texas or Louisiana fields. All four samples have the same general characteristics. Each contains a small proportion of sulphur (average 0.28 per cent). The "total gasoline and naphtha," according to the United States Bureau of Mines method of interpretation of the analyses, 3 averages 36.0 per cent, the kerosene distillate 9.6 per cent, the gas oil 15.1 per cent, the non- viscous lubricating distillate 9.7 per cent, and the medium lubricating distillate 6.2 per cent. The gas oil appears to be a good stock for the production of gasoline by cracking processes, and the lubricating distillates appear to be similar to distillates of the same ranges of viscosity obtained from Burbank, Okla., crude, which is generally recognized as a high-grade refining crude. Crude from Van Field Sample 31,061 from the Van field of Texas, differs in several respects from the East Texas crudes. The gravity (33.4° A.P.I.) is heavier, the sulphur content (0.89 per cent) is greater, and the "total gasoline and naphtha" fraction is only about two-thirds that of the East Texas crudes. Moreover, the crude is placed in the "paraffin base" class accord- ing to the United States Bureau of Mines method of analysis and interpretation. j The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting of this paper, provided the following footnote acknowledgment is used: "Reprinted from U. S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations 3130." 2 Junior chemical engineer, U. S. Bureau of Mines. 3 Smith, N. A. C, and Lane, E. C, Tabulated Analyses of Representative Crude Petroleums of the United States: Bull. 291, Bureau of Mines, 1928, 69 pp. Obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, price 15 cents. 9704 R.I. 3130. Table 1 contains some data showing the sources of the samples and some of the figures that indicate the physical and chemical properties of the crudes. Table 2 contains data upon which is based the classification of the crudes according to "base." The instruc- tions given by Smith and Lane 4 for the classification of crudes are as follows: 1. Note the A. P. I. gravity of the fraction distilling between 250° and 275°C. (482° end 527°F.) at atmospheric pressure. If this gravity is 40° A.P.I, or lighter, the oil can be considered definitely to have a paraffin base. If this gravity is 33° A.P.I, or heavier, the oil has either a naphthene or a hybrid base. If it is between 33 and 40, the oil has an intermediate base. 2. Note the "cloud point" of the fraction distilling between 275° and 300°C. (527° and 572°F. ) at 40 mm. absolute pressure. If this cloud point is reported as being below 5°F., it indicates that wax is absent and that the oil has a naphthene base. If, however, the clcud point is above 5°F., it indicates the presence of wax and that the cil may have a paraffin, an intermediate, or a hybrid base. The complete analyses of the five samples (31061-2-3-4-5) are given en pages 3 to 7, inclusive. These analyses were made by the United States Bureau of Mines Hemrel methed. '' - Field Sand Depth, feet Properties of crude Gasoline fraction Viscosity a'. 100°F. of vacuum fractions Carbon Sample "A. P. I. 3- per I 1 ViscositylPour residue of No. Per residuum. cent 0,30 at 1C0°F. reint 40 45 cent 37.1 "A, P.I, 60.8 225-250 250-275 60 85 275-300 150 Der cent 31,062 S.W.Extn. Joiner Woodbine 3633 39.4 7.7 31,063 Joiner do. 35S2 38.6 .28 40 | 25 35.8 60.2 55 81 130 6.6 31,054 Kilgore do. 3652 40.0 .29 40 | 25 36.0 61.0 55 85 140 7.9 31,065 Lor.gview do. 3587 33.4 .26 41 [ 30 35. 1 59.5 55 80 130 6.7 :-i.06i Vr.n do. 2710 33.4 ^£2. 5? Oil. 24. 6 61.0 62 I 93 175 1 10.0 (1) Belt w 5°F. Table 2.- Data indicating the base of th° crude oil Sample | Field -NftJ 31.062|s.W.Extn. Joiner 31, 063 1 Joiner 31,064JKileor» 31,065JLongview 31.C6l jy.in Sand Depth, I feet Woodbine | 3,638 do. | 3,592 do. | 3,652 do. j 3,587 do-. Lajaa Fraction distilling at atmospheric Fraction distilling at 40 am pressure between 250-275°C. vacuum V-etgeen 275-30CC. Cloid roint. °F. Buse of j Specific eravitv •A.P.T. crude 0.835 38.0 * Intermediate .834 33.2 95 do. .835 33.0 95 do. .835 33.0 93 do. .321 .40.2 75 Paraffin ban 4 See footnote 3. 5 Dean, E. W.. Hill, H. H. , Smith. N. A. C, and Jacobs, W. A., The Analytical Distillation of Petroleum: Bull. 207-. Bureau of Mines, 1922, 82 pp. Obtainable from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office. Wash- ington, D. C, price 15 cents. 9704 R.I. 3130. Analyses of samples by Bureau of Mines Hempel metho d SAMPLE 31061 J.T. Jarmine well 1 2,710 feet Pure Oil Co. Van field Woodbine sand Texas Van Zandt County GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific gravity, 0.858 Per cent sulphur, 0.89 Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F., 56 sec. A.P.I, gravity, 33.4° Pour point, below 5°F. Color, brownish black. DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES HEMPEL METHOD Dry distillation Barometer 748 mm. First drop: 29°C (84°F. ) Temperature Per cent Sum Sp. gr. °A.P.I T. cut per cent of cut of cut Up to 50 0.9 0.9) 50 - 75 2.8 3.7) 0.692 73.0 75 - 100 2.1 5.8) 100 - 125 4.8 10.6 .721 64.8 125 - 150 5.1 15.7 .741 59.5 150 - 175 4.4 20.1 .758 55.2 175 - 200 4.5 24.6 .774 51.3 200 - 225 4.8 29.4 .789 47.8 225 - 250 4.8 34.2 .807 43.8 250 - 275 6.5 40.7 .824 40.2 Viscosity Cloud Temperature 100°F. test °F. °F. Up to 122 - 167 - 212 - 257 - 302 - 347 - 392 - 437 - 482 - 122 167 212 257 302 347 392 437 482 527 Vacuum distillation at 40 mm. Up to 200 4.1 4.1 200 - 225 6.3 10.4 225 - 250 5.9 16.3 250 - 275 5.4 21.7 275 - 300 6.5 28.2 850 35.0 41 15 Up to 392 850 32.8 48 30 392 - 437 876 30.0 62 45 437 - 482 891 27.3 93 60 482 - 527 902 25.4 175 75 527 - 572 Carbon residue of residuum 10.0%. Carbon residue of crude 3.1%. L ight gasoline APPROXIMATE SUMMARY Per cent 5.8 Sp. gr. "A.P.I. Viscosity 0.692 73.0 .735 61.0 .808 43.6 .854 34.2 . 863-0 . 892 32 . 5-27 1 50-100 .892- .905 27 . 1-24 9 100-200 .905- .908 24 . 9-24 3 Above 200 .965 15.1 Total gasoline and naphtha 24.6 Kerosene distillate 16.1 Gas oil 8.2 Nonviscous lubricating distillate 11.4 Medium lubricating distillate 7.2 Viscous lubricating distillate 1.4 Residuum 30.6 Distillation loss 0.5 9704 - 3 - R.I. 3130. Analyses of samples by Bureau of Mines Hempel method — Continued SAMPLE 31062 Calvin Young well 1 3,688 feet Lide Taylor Oil Co. S. W. Extension, Joiner field Woodbine sand Texas Rusk County GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific gravity, 0.828 Per cent sulphur, 0.30 Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F., 40 sec. A.P.I, gravity, 39.4° Pour point, 45°F. Color, greenish black DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES HEMPEL METHOD Dry distillation Barometer, 743 mm. First drop, 26°C. (79°F.) Temperature Per cent Sum Sp • gr- 'A.P.I, Viscosity Cloud Temperature °C. cut per cent of cut of cut 100°F. test °F. °F. Up to 50 4.8 4.8 .669 80.0 Up to 122 50 - 75 3.3 8.1 .670 79.7 122 - 167 75 - 100 6.4 14.5 .713 67.0 167 - 212 100 - 125 7.1 21.6 .741 59.5 212 - 257 125 - 150 5.7 27.3 .762 54.2 257 - 302 150 - 175 5.2 32.5 781 49.7 302 - 347 175 - 200 4.6 37.1 .796 46.3 347 - 392 200 - 225 4.3 41.4 .810 43.2 3S2 - 437 225 - 250 4.9 46.3 .823 40.4 437 - 482 250 - 275 6.3 52.6 .835 38.0 482 - 527 Vacuum distillation at 40 mm. Up to 200 4.4 4.4 200-225 5.2 9.6 225 - 250 4.5 14.1 250 - 275 4.7 18.8 275 - 300 5.9 24.7 852 34.6 41 25 Up to 392 860 33.0 48 45 392 - 437 870 31.1 60 65 437 - 482 878 29.7 85 80 482 - 527 889 27.7 150 95 527 - 572 Carbon residue of residuum, 1.1%. Carbon residue of crude, 1.1%. L ight gasoline APPROXIMATE SUMMARY Per cent 14^5 Sp. gr. °A.P.I. Viscosity 0.689 73.9 .736 60.8 - .817 41.7 - .846 35.8 - . 862-0 . 880 32.7-29.3 50-100 .880- .895 29 . 3-26 . 6 100-200 - - Above 200 Total gasoline and naphtha 37.1 Kerosene distillate 9.2 Gas oil 14.2 Nonviscous lubricating distillate 9.8 Medium lubricating distillate 7.0 Viscous lubricating distillate - Residuum 22.0 Listillation loss 0.7 .956 16.5 S704 4 - R.I. 3130 Analyses of samples by Bureau of Mines Hempel method — Continued SAMPLE 31063 Daisy Bradford well 3 3,536-3,592 feet C. M. Joiner (E. R. Tennant) Joiner field Woodbine sand Texas Rusk County Specific gravity, 0.832. Per cent sulphur, 0.28 Saybolt Universal viscosity a GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 100°F. , 40 sec. DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES HEMPEL METHOD A.P.I, gravity, 38.6° Pour point, 25°F. Color, greenish black Dry distillation Barometer 743 mm. First drop, 27°C. (81°F. ) Temperature Per cent Sum Sp • gr. °A.P.I. Viscosity Cloud Temperature °C. cut per cent of cut of cut 100°F. test °F. °F. Up to 50 3.9 3.9 .664 81.6 Up to 122 50 - 75 3.5 7.4 .674 78.4 122 - 1S7 75 - 100 5.8 13.2 .714 66.7 167 - 212 100 - 125 6.9 20.1 .743 59.5 212 - 257 125 - 150 6.0 26.1 .761 54.4 257 - 302 150 - 175 5.4 31.5 .781 49.7 302 - 347 175 - 200 4.3 35.8 .796 46.3 347 - 392 200 - 225 4.7 40.5 .810 43.2 392 - 437 225 - 250 5.0 45.5 .823 40.4 437 - 482 250 - 275 6-6 52-1 ■ 834 38.? 482. - 527 Vacuum distillation at 40 mm. Up to 200 4.0 4.0 200 - 225 5.4 9.4 225 - 250 5.2 14.6 250 - 275 4.6 19.2 275 - 300 5.3 24.5 853 34.4 40 25 Up to 392 859 33.2 47 45 392 - 437 868 31.5 55 65 437 - 482 878 29.7 81 80 482 - 527 890 27.5 130 95 527 - 572 Carbon residue of residuum, 6.6$, Carbon residue of crude, 1.5%, Light gasoline APPROXIMATE SUMMARY Per cent 13.2 Sp. gr. "A. P. I Viscosity 0.689 73.9 .738 60.2 - .817 41.7 - .847 35.6 - . 862-0 . 883 32 . 7-28 8 50-100 .883- .896 28 . 8-26 4 100-200 - — Above 200 Total gasoline and naphtha 35.8 Kerosene distillate 9.7 Gas oil 15.4 Nonviscous lubricating distillate 10.1 Medium lubricating distillate 5.6 Viscous lubricating distillate Residuum 23.0 Distillation loss 0.4 .936 19.7 9704 5 - R.I. 3130. Analyses of samples by Bureau of Mines Hempel method — Continued SAMPLE 31064 L.D. Crim well 1 3,640-3,652 feet Humble Oil & Refining Co. (Bateman) Kilgore field Woodbine sand Texas Rusk County GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific gravity, 0.825 Per cent sulphur, 0.29 Saybolt Universal viscosity at 10C°F., 40 sec. A.P.I. , gravity 40.0° Pour point, 25°F. Color, greenish black DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MIKES, HEMPEL METHOD Dry distillation Barometer 743 mm. First drop, 28°C. (82°F.) amperature Per cent Sum, Sp. gr. °A.P.I. Viscosity Cloud Temperature °C. cut per cent of cut of cut 100°F. test °F. °F. Up to 50 4.3 4.3 0.663 81.9 Up to 122 50 - 75 3.5 7.8 .664 81.6 122 - 167 75 - 100 6.0 13.8 .710 67.8 167 - 212 100 - 125 7.2 21.0 .741 59.5 212 - 257 125 - 150 5.8 26.8 .762 54.2 257 - 302 150 - 175 5.2 32.0 .782 49.5 302 - 347 175 - 200 4.0 36.0 .797 46.0 347 - 392 200 - 225 4.4 40.4 .810 43.2 392 - 437 225 - 250 4.7 45.1 .823 40.4 437 - 482 250 - 275 6.1 51.2 .835 38.0 482 - 527 Vacuum distillation at 40 mm. Up to 200 4.2 4.2 200-225 5.0 9.2 225 - 250 4.8 14.0 250 - 275 4.7 18.7 275 - 300 5.5 24.2 854 34.2 41 25 Up to 392 859 33.2 45 45 392 - 437 869 31.3 55 65 437 - 482 878 29.7 85 80 482 - 527 887 28.0 140 95 527 - 572 Carbon residue of residuum, 7.! Carbon residue of crude, 1.8°£. APPROXIMATE SUMMARY L ight gasoline r cent Sp. gr. °A.P.I. Viscosity 13.8 0.684 75.4 36.0 .735 61.0 9.1 .817 41.7 15.3 .849 35.2 8.6 . 864-0 . 880 32.3-29.3 50-100 6.4 .880- .892 29 . 3-27 . 1 100-200 - - - Above 200 23.4 .958 16.2 1.2 — — Total gasoline and naphtha Kerosene distillate Gas oil Nonviscous lubricating distillate Medium lubricating distillate Viscous lubricating distillate Residuum Distillation loss 9704 - 6 - R.I. 3130. Analyses of samples by Bureau of Mines Hemoel method — Continue d SAMPLE 31065 F.K. Lathrop well 1 3,587 feet Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Longview field Woodbine sand Texas Gregg County GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Specific gravity, 0.833 Per cent sulphur, 0.26 Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100°F., 41 sec. A.P.I, gravity, 38.4° Pour point, 30°F. Color, greenish black DISTILLATION, BUREAU OF MINES, HEMPEL METHOD Dry distillation Barometer 743 mm. First drop, 26°C. (79°F.) Temperature Per cent Sum Sp. gr. °A.P.I. Viscosity Cloud Temperature °C. cut per cent of cut of cut 100°F. test °F. °F. Up to 50 2.3 2.3) Up to 122 50 - 75 3.6 5.9) 0.672 79.1 122 - 167 75 - 100 6.4 12.3 .713 67.0 167 - 212 100 - 125 6.7 19.0 .741 59.5 212 - 257 125 - 150 5.9 24.9 .760 54.7 257 - 302 150 - 175 5.8 30.7 .781 49.7 302 - 347 175 - 200 4.3 35.0 .796 46.3 347 - 392 200 - 225 4.6 39.6 .809 43.4 392 - 437 225 - 250 5.7 45.3 .822 40.6 437 - 482 250 - 275 6.1 51.4 .835 38.0 482 - 527 Vacuum distillation at 40 mm. Up to 200 3.9 3.9 200-225 5.5 9.4 225 - 250 5.8 15.2 250 - 275 4.7 19.9 275 - 300 5.7 25.6 849 35.2 39 25 Up to 392 853 34.4 45 40 392 - 437 867 31.7 55 60 437 - 482 876 30.0 80 80 482 - 527 887 28.0 130 95 527 - 572 Carbon residue of residuum, 6.7%. Carbon residue of crude, 1. Light gasolin e APPROXIMATE SUMMARY Per cent 12.3 Sp. gr. "A. P. I. Viscosity 0.693 72.7 .741 59.5 .816 41.9 .847 35.6 . 860-0 . 882 33.0-29.3 50-100 .882- .892 29 . 3-27 . 100-200 - _ Above 200 Total gasoline and naphtha 35.0 Kerosene distillate 10.3 Gas oil 15.6 Nonviscous lubricating distillate 10.2 Medium lubricating distillate 5.9 Viscous lubricating distillate - Residuum 22.5 Distillation loss 0.5 .955 16.7 9704 7 - UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08910 1074