LIBRARY TATE PLANT BOARD E-504 J^ne 1940 A LIST OF CO:,:^ECIALLY AVAIM3L3 D^TSHGEIvTS, I7STTBTG, LIS?3ESri-'G, AiTD S.ILTjSIFYHG AGMTS By H. L. Cupples, Division of Insecticide Investigations Introduction A contact insecticide must come into intimate contact with an insect in order to act on it. 'deny insects are covered '.vitli small hairs or chitinous integument which are not ea-sily v^etted, and very small in- sects are likev;ise wetted v/ith difficulty "bj aqueous sprays. In order to secure a good contact "between the insect and the aqueous solution or sus- pension of insecticide it is often necesso^ry to a.dd to the water a ma- terial that will increase its wetting rower, Vr-rirus fatty-acid soaps are commonly used for this purpose, and in other types of insecticidal prepara- tions, However, fatty-a-cid soaps have definite disadvsntages for use with insecticides, such as incompatioility with lime-sulfur, Dordeaus mixture, calcium arsenate, and other compou-i's containing calcium. Much of the ef- fectiveness of a fatty-acid soaj.^ is lost in hard v/ater owing to the pre- cipitation of insoluhle calcium and mafneriuni- soaps. Lioreover , soaps con- taining free alkali or which hydrolyze re^.dily vith the formation of free alkali C3.n not "be used with pyrethrujn, de^rit,, or cuoe, teca^ise the ..'CtiA^e principles of these plants are eo.sily decom-oosed into inert compo'unds in the pre?ence of rJlcrJine solutions. Because of these limitations of orti^i-r-ry so-.ps, various suli'?':ed and sulfonated organic compounds hca 3 2x^(l:-- coir.e into use, A Irrir-^f ac- count of the chemistry of these conj o^rnds has ''?een given "by F.oark (Jovr, Econ, Ent, 30: 5?2, 1937.) These sulfated end. sulfonated compc^onds ere extensively used in the textile industry as detergents and v^etting-o".t agents. Some of them, are used in place of fat-y-acid soaps as wetti..g agents or emiilsifying agents in insecticidal preparations, and douDtl.es. others are suit^.hle for this purpose. In addition some of them, I'cr ex- ample, sodium laxiryl sulfate and outylphenylphenol svdrjBi ^ulfonite, them- selves possess insecticidal va.lu.e, especially agains" aphids. There are a great nura"ber of proprietsiry deterc;ents, rettinsi;, -"is- persing, and emu.lsifying agents which have heen used or which may p'>i silly "be ry? tLS9 in the formulation of contact insecticides or in other tj/pes of insocticidrl preparations. The present paper, r;hich is a revision of .Bureau of Sntonologj/ and Plant ^Liarantine pu'bliGation 5«42S, presents an oxtansive list of Gueh materials which includes, 'but is not restricted to, the vaxious sulfated and sulfonated organie Qonpounds nentlened above. As ner; ones ap- pear frequently, no claim is cade that the list is complete. The ones in- cluded ?re those which have come to the ^vriter' s attention and concerning which some information is available as to chemical or physical properties. Under "Sui'face properties" are given the surface tension (S,T,), interfacial tension (I,T.), and spreading coefficient (S,C,) of 1-porcent aqueous solutions (dispersions) on a refined mineral (medicinal) oil, all in dynes per cm. at 25^ C., excejjt as othorv/ise noted, (See Ind, Eng, Chcm. 27: 1219. 1935.) The spreading coefficient is a measure of the v/etting power of the solution for a surface of the oil employed as a standard, and is equal to the surface tension of the oil (30.5 denies per cm.) less the sum of the surface and interfacial tensions; the- greater its algebraic value, the greater the vretting povrcr, For example, a product with a spreading co- efficient of -5 djTios per cm. is a "bettor wetter than one with a coefficient, of -23, hut is surpo.Gsed "by one vdth a coefficient of 45, However, the spreading coefficients at one concentration do not necessarilj/ indicate the relative values at other concentrations, or for other s'ai^faccs. The inform,ation coiitained in this compilation has been obtained chiefly from the manufacturers of the products listed or from the literature, The Department of Agricultujre assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the statements included heroin; moreover, it does not recommend any of the products mentioned. The sources of information .nre indicated ^o:/ numbers in parentheses, which refer to the follov/ing six items: (1) Manufacturer's literature or cor.uiunico.tion, (2) As dotormined by author. (3) 1935-1036 Yearbook Ai-aorican Association Textile Chemists and Color ists, -DO. 386-398. (4) Ind. Eng. Chom. 31: 66. 1959. (5), Soap. 14 (Ho. 1): 30. 1936 (Jajiu;ary). (6) Ind. Sng. Chom. 25: 24. 1934. ABOPOIT (GI7C0 Product p Co., Inc.) Doscription, properties, uses Transparent, viscous liquid. Sr>, (t,t . 1.6G at 25° C. Water soluble, insoluble in other linuids. Not hygroscopic at ordinary humidity. ITeutral, odorlscs, sli^rht saline taste. Is precipitated by solutions of heavy metallic ealts. Dries in air to form smooth, non-tacky, flexible, glossy film. Hon- combustible. Scouring agent, and other uses, (1) Chemical composition Complex sodium borophosphato (3) Surface properties (dynes per cm.) (2) S. T. 54,6 I. T. 32.7 S. C. -56.8 ADIT3X LU-1 (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Used in kier boiling in textile industry (l) Chemical composition Soluble terpens oils (l) A3R0S0L AY (American Cyanamid and Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses White, waxy lijmps. Solubility in water at room temp-^rature, 40.0 grams per 100 cc. (pH 6.5 to 7,0). Headily soluble in polar organic solvents; extremely soluble in non-polar crg.?nic solvents. Resistant to precipi- tation by hard waters. Moderately stable in acid solutions and in raild alkalies; decomposed by strong bases. Wetter, eraulsifior, detergent. (l) Chemical composition A diamyl ester of sodium sulpho siiccinate, A practically pure chemical substance. A homolo;gi.ie of Aerosol OT and Aerosol M. (l) Surface properties (l) Cone, (fo) . 1.0 0.10 S. T. (20° C.) 31.5 38.3 AEROSOL I.IA. (American Cyana-nid ajid Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses White, waxy lunps. Solubility in v/ater at room temperature, 40.0 grams per 100 cc. (pH, 5.5 to 7.0). Readily soluble in polar organic solvejits; extremely soluble in non-polar organic solvents. Resistant to precipi- tation by hard waters. Moderately stable in acid solutions and in mild alkalies; decomposed by strong bases. Wetter, emulsifier, detergent. (l) Chemical composition A dihexyl ester of sodium sulfo succinate. A practically pure chemical substance. Honologue of Aerosol OT and Aerosol M, (l) Surface properties (l) Cone, ifo) 1.0 0.10 S.T. (20<^ C.) 31.5 38.8 ^ 4- AEROSOL OS (JWaeric-m Cya:iaE-.id and Chsmical Corp.) Description, propertisB, v.ses A 5'-el].ov;ish-'brov;n porrder, somevmat hygroscopic. Soluliility ir water at room temperature, 30.0 sraras per 100 cc. (pE, 6.5 to 7.C). Readily soliitle in polar orgenic solvents of lev: inolecular ^-eight, and less solulDle in those of higher Dolecular weight; only slightly soluole in nonpolar organic solvents. Stable in strong acids and in strong alkalies. Useful as adjuvant to alJcaline detergents. Wetter and de- tergent, (l) Cheiuical composition Sodium salt of an allyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, practically 100^ pure, (l) Surface properties (l) One. (f.) 1.0 0.10 S.T. (20° C.) ?4.8 37.5 ASHCSOL OT 100^ (American C^^an-aiiiid and Chemical Corp.) Description, proiDerties, uses ResemlDles paraffin in appearance. It is ""practically nonhygroscopi'c and is in pellet form. 'Solu'bility in v/ater at room temperature, 1,5 grajns per 100 cc, (pH, 6.5 to 7.0); at higher concentrations fonas dispersions. Readily scluele in polar organic solvents; extremely solulsle in non-polar organic solvents. Resistant to precipitation ly hard waters. Moderately sta^ble in acid solutions .?Jid in mild alkalies; decomposed "by strong "bases. Ucttcr, emulsifior, detergent, (l) Chemical composition A dioctyl ester nf sodium sulfo succinate. U. S. Patent Ho. 2,026,091. Homolog-ae of Aerosol I.IA and Aerosol AY. (l) Surface properties (l) Cone. (fo) 1.0 • 0.20 0.10 0.01 S.T. (20° C.)26.8 28.1 25.8 33.1 /jSRCSOL OT AQ,U3CUS (American Cyanamid and Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses A somev/hat opaque, slightly gelatinous dispersion of Aerosol OT 100^ in v/ater. Standard product contains 10^ of Aerosol 01 lOOfo, tut may "be obtained in a 25^ dispersion. Soluhility in v/ater at room, tem.perature (10>^ dispersion), 15 g. per 100 cc, (pH, 6.5 to 7.0). Resistant to precipitation by hard waters. Moderately stable in acid solutions and in mild alkalies; decomposed by strong bases. T7etter, emulsifior, de- tergent, (l) Chemical composition Sster of a sulfonated bicarboxylic acid, disporr.ed in water, (l) S-orface properties (lO?^ dispersion) (l) Cone. ()!-) 1.0 0.20 S. T. (SO'"^ C.) 36.7 34.5 A3R0S0L OT-C (American Cyanamid .and Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses T7hite, free-flowing powder containing 10^3 of Aerosol 0T-100>b and an inert organic diluent. Solubility in v/ater rt room tem.perature, 11.0 grams per 100 cc. (pK, 6.5 to 7.0). Resistant to precipitation by hard waters. Moderately stable in acid solutions and in mild alkalies; dc- ^composedby strong bases. Hotter, emulsifior, detergent, (l) Chemical composition Sstcr of a sulfonated bicarboxylic acid, 10/j,plus an inert orgcLnic diluent. A3R0S0L 0:r CL3AR (American Cyaiiaj-nid and Cheir.ioal Conp.) Description, properties, uses A water-rhite , free po'Lirinr; liquid consistin^^ of Aorosol OT ICO/c, \7at3r, ,and mutiial solvent. O-otainaTjls in 60;'j, 25^ and lOfo concen- trations. MiscilDle with water in all concentrations (pH, 6.5 to 7.C). Hesistant to precipitation "by hard waters. I,!odero.tely stahle in acid solutions and in mild alkalies; deconposci "by strcn^^ "bases. Wetter, emulsifier, detergent, (l) Cher-'iical composition '" 3ster of a sulfonsxed "bicarTioxylic acid, plus water and a mutual solvent, (l) A13ATEX BD (Oiha Company) Description, properties, uses A ].ight-tan powder. (2). Kier-boiling asnistaait for vat-dyed or printed natorials; protective oxidising a^ent. (l) Chei:iical composition 3odii:m ra-nitrobenzene sulfonate '^l) Surface properties (d-'.-nes per cm.) (2) S. T.,' 63.-1 I.S., 31.2 S. C, -54.1 iUjIrl-LVTIC SST3H SULFATE (Cnyx Oil and Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Viscous, turbid liquid; greenish-trown color, ITett^r cjid deter^^ent. (l) Chenical composition Oil ester siilfate (4) Surface properties (dynes per cm.) (s) S. T.,'"32.9 • I. T.. 6.1 S. C, -8.5 iMI'LlW.OL 2 (3. I. du Pont de Henours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Li^ht-tan powder. TTetter and detergent, (l) Chemical com-oosition Sodiuja alley Inaphthalonesulfomite ' (3) Sr,rface properties (dynos per cm.) (2) 3. T.,'32.5 I. 'T., 3.4 S. C, -a. 4 ALKAITOL HG- (3. I. du ?ont de Nem.ours & Co., Inc.) Descripticn, ;propertieE, uses Brown mohile solution. ITetter, conditioner for yarn, fungicide, (l) Chemical composition Soditun ali:s'lno,phthalene sulfonate plus a fuagicide. (l) • Surf;xce properties (djoies per cm.) (2) S. T., 34.9 I. T., 7.7 S. C.,. -12.1 ALILMmOL S (3. I, du Pont Ce Ifemcurs & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A wlii t e p owdo r ( 2 ) . Dispersing agent used chiefly in metal processing (4) Chemical composition Sodium tetrahydronaphthalene sulfonate (o) S\]j'face pro'^erties (dynes "per cm.) (2) S. 't.,"43.2 I. T., 22.3 S. C, -41.0 iiLK/s.!IOL SA (S, I. 6m Pont de llorfooTs & Cc, Inc.) Ler-cription, properties, uses A light-tan -povler (2). hotter (l). ChGmic-nl composition Sodirn alky Inaphthalone sulfonate (3) Surface properti3s (dynos por era.) (2) S. T., 29.6 I. 2., 2.9 S. C, -2.0 ^iLrliASOlS (2iinerican Cyanamid Sc Chemical Corp.) Iho ALrjhasols arc nov; sold under the name, Aerosol, with the aorre spending code letter. Example: Alphasol OT is now Aerosol OT. AICX 152 (Alex Corporation) Description, properties, uses A bro-an, soft paste (2). VTetting agent for metals; used in lubricants (4). Chemical cooiposition Complex inetliyl esters of hich molecular weight alcohols, acids, and lactones (4) ALOX 350 (Alox Corporation) Description, properties, uses A broT-n paste (2) . Wetting agent for metals; used in lubricants (4), Chemical composition Complex methyl esters of high molecular vreight alcohols, acids, and lactones (4) . ALOX 6j0 (Alox Corporation) Deccription, properties, uses A brov/n paste (2) . Wetting agent for metals; used in lubricants (4). Chor.ical composition Complex methyl esters of high molecular weight alcohols, acids, and lactones (4) ALOX 700 (Alox Corporation) Description, properties, uses A brown paste (2) . Wotting agent for metals; used in lubricants (4). Chemical composition ComiDlex methyl esteri of high molecular weight alcohols, acids, and lactones (4) ALOX ?,00 (Alox Corporation) Doscription, :?iroportlos', uses A light-brown, mobile liquid (2). Wetting ai:ont for metals; used in lubricants (4). Ghomlcal composition Gnupljx methyl esters of high molecular weight alcohols, acids, and lactones (4). 2-;u:iII0-2-IETI-riL-l,3-PK0PJiI'r?^LI0L (Corriercial Solrerts Corporation) Eoscrii'tion, properties, uf?os A li^-ht-colored, cr-ystallire Folid. iPatty acid salts of this compound used as wetters, eimilsif iers, detcrgonts (l). Chemical coiiipoisition Fatty acid slyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Sup-.jlied in t\TO grades, a:;.hydrous and liquid. Anh ydrous ; A tan-colored, soft, \7.a:c-like rae.terial, froo from ammonia odor. 11. P., 48^-50^ C, Soluhle in cold alcohol and wineiral oil, and in hot vegetable oils. Peadily dispcrsihle in hot water, blends readily -vith v/axes. Sp. gr., 0.85, pH of lO^s aqueous dispersion, 7,7, Liquid ; Lif:ht-colore^ liquid \,'ith ar.imoniacal rdor. Readily soluble in cold -.Tater. Eurulsificr , (l) AIIMOIIIU:.! LIKCLSATP. (Beacon Company) (a)' JU.UvIOimi.I LINGLSATS S (Glyco Products Co,, Inc.) (l:) Description, properties, uses Light-colored paste, anraoriacal odor. 3~iulsifier for oils, waxes, and liydi'ocarhon solvents for industrial purposes. Especially suited for certain types of ^7ater-repellent finishes, as the ammonia can he driven off from the emulsion when dry. (l d) Chemical com.position A'lmcni-um linoloate (l) AirHONimi STSARAT3 S (Glyco-Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Supplied in two grades, anhydrous e,nd paste, imhydrous; Light-tan, waxy solid, 11. P., 7^1-76^' C. Stable, free from rjrmonia odor. Dispers- ible in boiling water. Soluble in hot alcohol, oils, l\vdrocarbons. Sp. gr. (25^/25'^ C), 0.S89, pH of a 3;1 aqueous dispersion, 7.5 at 25° C, Paste; A white paste v/ith an ammoniacal odor. Em\ilsifior. Integral waterproofing agent for concrete and stucco, (l) Chemical composition Ammonium stearate (l) Surface activity (2) S, T., 23.4 I. T., 14,2 S. C, -7.1 - 8 - A" J.IOI-TIUI.I SULPHCRIClHOLillATS (Beacon Ccnpaiiy) Description, properties , uses A viscous liquid, neutral in reaction, Misciole rith oils. Disperses in water. Eeconnonded "by the manufacturer for use in £:luos and in in- diistrial emulsions. (].) Chemical composition Anmonium sulf oricinol..atc (l) A1I0TAT3 (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A viscous po-ste, alien], ine in reac-ion, Recommended l;y the manufaoturer as GUDstitute for sulfonated oils in many cases. Effective in the cold. E;nulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Ammonium oleo'il)iot?.te (l) AqU A:.3L ( Gly c o Pr o duct s C , > . , Inc.) Description, T'roportios, ur-es A yellov/ paste for propai'ation of ruliless floor polishes. Sraulsifier. (l) Surface properti-^s (2) S. T'., L13.1 I. I'., 1-1.9 S. C, -1L3.5 AiLC^IC SBTxZX A (CcltC-te-Farmolivc-Peet Co.,) Description, properties, urres Lifht-tan pov;er. TTetter, emulsifier, doter;::ent, (l) Chemica?. compositic-: C;^.E33C0CC3K4.S0.1Ta (l) Surface properties [2) S. T., 3o.l I. T., 3.9 S. C, +0.5 ARCTIC SYITTEX II (Colrate-Palmolive-Peet Co.) Description, properti'^s, uses A Hhite powder. TJetter, detergent, emulsifier. (l) Chemical comioosition R-COOCHo.CHOH.CEo.CSOr-Na, whore HCOO represents mixed cocoanut oil f'ltty rcid radicals, u) ARCTIC SYl^TTSX T (Col,qato-Palmolive-Peet Co.) Description, properties, uses Nearly white, powder. TiTctter, emulsifier, deter^'^cnt. (l) Chem i cal com-oo s i t i on C 17H33C9 .ITH . C2H4. . SC3L'T a ( 1 ) Surface properties '('":) S. T., 20.6 I.T., C'..3 S. C, -2.1 AK3SICA? (Ilcniianto Cheiiiical OoTn-ja.nj) Eericription, proportie?., usee Tar.-colcred, fine poivdcr. Soluble in water and in organic solvents such as acetone,, alcohol, pine oil, oleic acid. Soncv/hat hyf;roscopic. Unaffected "hy v/atcr up to 60 f^rains CaC03 hardness per U.S. f;a±loi\. TJottor ojid penetrant, (l) Clionical composition Sodium nonosulfonato of "butylphonylphonol (l) Surf, -.-.CO properties (2) S. T., 30.4 I. 'T., 2.3 S. C, -2.2 .'J3SI3T (Honsantc Chemical Company) Description, properties, uses Tan-colored, fine powder. Soluble in v;ator and in alcohol, but not in acetone; less hy,:^;roECOpic than Areskap. I'ot precipitated in water of 25 grains CaOO^ hardriess per U. S. gallon. '.Tetter, enulsifior. (l) Chenical composition Sodi\urn :.- one sulfonate of moncbut"! diphenyl (4) Surfrco -oro"^jorties (2) S. T.,'31.0 I. T., 3.0 S. C, -3.8 AEH SKLSITj] (l.Ionsento Chemical Company) Bo script ion, properties, uses '.tan colored, fine powder. Slightly aromatic odor. Soluble in \.'-:',ter, alcohol, acetone; iiisoluble ir carbon tetracholridc and petrolei'jn products, I'Tot precipitated In water of 25 ^erains CaC03 hardness per U. S. j-allon . ■ TJetter, penetrant, emulsifior. (l) Chemical cc.ipo sit ion Sodiuii disulfonate of dibutyl phenyl i^henol (4) Surface properties (2) 3. ?., 29.0 I. T. , 1.4 S. C. , +n.l ARYLEI^IS (Hart Products Corporation) Description, properties, uses Tfet ting- out ^.^ent; used in textile industry- (l) Chemical composition A sulfonated aromatic compoui'.d (l) A2LAS C— G50 (Atlas Powder Company) Description, rn-operties, uses A viscous, oily liquid; odor and taste similar to caster oil; non- hygroscopic. Preezing point, .^bout -15° C; refractive index, 1.4801 at 25° C; density, 8 lb. per gal.; viscosity, 1700-2100 cp. at 25° C.;aci number, less than 15; saponification number, 170-190. Soluble in coal-tar hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, other alcohols, chlorinated solvents, alcohols, esters, vegetable and animal oils, and cjiiinos. I.Ioderately soluble forming turbid solutions, in iTj'-drocarbons. Insoluble in v.'ater and polyhydric alcohols; emulsifies slightly in water. Discolors in air above 100° C; stable at room temperature in range pH 2-11, but clouds in dilute or concentrated a,lkali solutions. Smulsifier; at pH above 7 loses its T/ater-in-oil emulsifying properties due to formation of soaps; also loses its effectiveness at a pH belov; 4. (l) Chem. i c al c omp o s i t i on A ricinoleic acid ester of sorbitol, technical (l) - 10 - ATLAS G-759 (Atlas Pov/d-3r Coinpan7) Description, proportios, usos A slightly hygroscopic, viscous linuid, having a faint caramel odor and the characteristic "bitter after-taste of lauric acid* Setting point, 14-15° C; refractive index 1,472 at 25° C.; acid no,, 5-7; saponification no,, 160-170; pH, 6.0-7.0; viscosity 4000 to 6000 cp, at 25° C; density, about 8.5 lb. per gal. Forms a white dispersion in hot c^r cold r;ater; soluble in lov/er alcohols, chlorin- ated solvents, ether alcohols, amines; moderately soluble in oronatic h^'-'^-Tccarbons , othoro, ketones, cstors, ' vogetable and animal oils; in- Gclublc in polyh^'dric alcohols. Stcblc in dilute minora], acid and alkali solutions in range pH 2-12 at ordin.\ry temperature. Hydrolyzod by concentrated mineral acids rjid saponified by concentrated alkalies of pH 12-14. Smulsifior for mineral oils, vegetable oils and fats. Helps to keep the pigment from caking in pi{;ment suspensions. Sf- licient as a surface tension depressant, (l) Chemical composition Iieaction product cf coir^aercial lauric acid and sorbitol; consists mainly of sorbitan monolaurate, C^HqO (OH)^ (OCOC-, 2^1123) . (l) Surface properties (l)' Cone. (^) 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.01 S. ::. 25.8 26. a 27.4 27.8 AT IAS G-772 (Atlas Powder Company) Description, properties, uses A non-hj/groscopic , viscous oil having a faint carrjiel odor and the chrjracteristic bitter -.fter-taste' of lauric acid. Setting point, 15-15° C; refractive inde::, 1.472 at 25° C; saponification 'fie, 160-170; acid no., 3-G; viscosity 2000 to 3000 cp. at 25° C; density, -bout 8.5 lb. per gal. Self-emulsif ioble in. water at room temperatures. Soluble in hydrocarbons, alcohols, ether alcohols, omines, cellosolve acetate. Moderately soluble in ketones, chlorin- ated solvents, esters, polyhydric alcohols, ethers, vegetable and animal oils. Stable in mineral acid and dilute alkali solutions, pH 0.5 to 12, at nrdinar-r temporature. Hydrolyzed by hot un.^ral acid solutions. Saponified oy concentrated allcalios. Snulsificr for mineral aiid vegetable oils, and fats, (l) Chemical composition A modified mannitan - lauric acid ester, technical (l) Surface properties (l) Cniic. ifo) 1,0 0.2 0,05 0,01 S. T. 24.3 25. G 26.0 26.4 - 11 - ATLAS G-904 (Atlas Powder Company) Description, properties, uses A viscous liquid having a slight fatty odor aaf!. a characteristic lauric er,ter taste. Setting point> 15-20^ C; refractive inde::, 1.475 at 2^^ C;' density, a"bout 8.5 lb. per sal.; viscosity, 2000-4000 cp. at 25^^ C.;acid 'no., loss than 6. Soluble in coal-tar hydrocarbons, mineral oil, ether alcohols, chlorinated solvents, ketones and alcohols. Sli,'^htly soluble in .most other organic solvents. Insoluble in water pjid polyhj'-dric al- cohols. Stable in solutions of pH range 0.5 to 12.0 at ordinary- tempera- tures. Saponified by stron,.'^ alkalies. Attacked by acids at lOC^ C. Emulsifior for oils and fats. (l) Chemical composition A reaction "orod^ict of majinitcl and conr.iorcial lauric acid; consists chiefly of nannito.n racnolnurato , CgHg0(0H)r,(0C0C]_;j_H23) . (l) Surface properties (1) Cone, (fb)- ■ S.5 1.25 0.5 0.2 0.04 S. T, 26.9 2,6.9 25.9 26.9 27.5 ATLAS G-208 (Atlas Powder Company) Description, properties, uses A synthetic wax; non-hygroscopic, practically tasteless, mild fatty odor. Setting point, 45-55° C; acid no., lenc .than 6; density, 8.2 lb. per gal. Soluble in the lo'ver alcohols and alcohol ethers. Sparingly soluble in warm esters, hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Insoluble in wa'ter and polyhj-dric alcohols; self-emulsif iablo in hot. water. ITot appreciably attacked 'v^ aqueous solutions, at ordinary temperatures, of pH values between 0.5 and 12.0. Slowly hydirolyzod by hot, dilute acids. Attacked by \7arm or concontr;.,,tod alkalies. Smulsifying agent for vege- table oils and waxes. (l) Chemical cCmposition Chiefly the moncstearate of mannithan, CgH80(OH)3(OCOC-j_7K33) , with small amounts of di - or higher esters, and a little free mannitan. . ATLAS G-909 (Atlas Powder Conpany)- ■' Description, properties, unes A synthetic wax; non-hygroscopic, practically tasteles.:, mild fattj'' odor. Setting point, 45-55° C; acid no., less than 5; density, '8.2 lb. per 5gal. Soluble \r\ warn -aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, 8iid alcohols. Sparingly- soluble in esters, ketones, ethers, petroleum solvents, ether alcohols. Insoluble in v/ater and polyliydric alcohols. Self-emulsif iable in hot water. Slowly hydrolyzed 'oj hot dilute mineral acids and readily saponified "oj alcoholic solutions of alko.lies; not attacked appreciably in water at ordinary temperatures in range pH 0.5 to 12.0. Smulsifier for vegetable oils and w,a::es. (l) Chemical composition Chiefly the monostearate of sorbitan, G5H30(0:i)3(0C0C-i_r,E35.) , with small amoints of di- or higher esters-, and little free sorbitan. (l) - l: ATLAS G-9-i4 (Atlas ?c-..or :.:::pB:ixy) Description, properties, iises A non-hygroscopic, viscous liquid, having a hland oil.y taste and faint ca:-amel odor. Melting point, 5-5° C,; acid no., less than 10; saponi- fication n-ajn"b9r, 135-140; density, 8.5 lb. per gal.; pH, 6.0-7.0. Self- enulsifiahle in hot water; scluhle in most .organic 'solvents and oils; sparingly soluble in esters; insoluble in polyhydric alcohols. Stable in dilute minoral acids and in dilute alkali solutions at ordinary tem- peratures, pH 2-12. Hydrclyzed by -varm concentrated mineral .xcids and by stronger alkalies. 3mulsificr for mineral oils (generally, \7atcr-in-oil typo) and vogotable and animal oils (generally, oil-i'n-v;ater t:/pe). Kelps to keerj the pigment from caking in pigment suspensions, (l) Chemical composition Sorbitan monoleato, technical, C6?l80(0K)3 (0C0C]_7H23) , rdth small amounts of di- or higher esters and a little free sorbitan, (l) Surface properties (l) Crnc. ifo) 1.0 0.2 0.05 0.01 S. 1, 27.8 2S.0 30.0 30. £ ATLAS G-954 (Atlas Pov/dor Company) D::;scription, properties, lisos A viscous liquid, having a slight fatty odor and a bitter taste. Sotting point, 10-15" C; refractive inder., 1.485 at 25° C; density, about 8.5 lb. per gal.; acid no., less than 6; viscosity, 2500-4500 cp. at 25° C. Soluble in hydrocarbons, ketones, ether alcohols, chlorinated solvents, alcohols. Slightly soluble in vegetable and animal oils, others, metl:^! alcohol, esters, amines. Insoluble in water ojid in polyhydric alcohols. Stable in range pH 0.5 to 12.0 at 25° C. Saponified by strong alkalies. Kjrdrolyzed by acirTs at 100° C. Snulsiiior for vegetable oils, (l) Chemical composition A reaction product of mannitol and corr.raercial oleic acid; consists mainly of mannitan monaBleate, C5H80(0H)3(0CCC-,r,H22) • (l) AYIHOL (E. I. du Pont de ITemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Hame changed to Duf:;onol L-144-'rD (l) AYITDX A. D. (S. I. du Pont de ilemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Clear, amber, mobile liquid. Levelling agent and softening agent for dyeing. (l) Chemical composition Specially sulfated oleyl alcohol (l) AVITEX SF (3. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) ■Description, properties, uses Uhite paste. Used as textile softener. (l) Chemical composition Cetyl sulfo.te. (l) AVITEX T7 (E. I. du Pont de Nejnourr. & Co., IrxC*) Psscri-^^tion, properties, "uses yi-iito mstc (1). Chemical composition Partially siilfated stsaryl alcohol (l) • BSAGOITCL-A (J^eacon Conpany) Description, properties, uses A povvder; sclut-le in water; insoluhle in hydrocarhons. Recomraended hy the raantifac tinker for use in insecticida,l sprays, in fruit washing, in the i:)aper industry'-,, a:id in cosmetics'. Detergent, wetting and emulsi- fying agen-t, (l) EEACOiJCL-H (Seacon Company) Description, properties, .uses A water-white liqi-'.id; niscihlo with mineral spirits in all proportions. Hotting, penetrating and dispersing agent, (l) BSACOI-TOL-S- (Eeacon Conpojny) Description, propertios, uses G-rayish-colorcd pas^e; soluhle in v/ator in all proportions. Unaffected hy hard water, calcii^ii cr r.agnesiiim salts. P.ecommended "by the manu- facturer for textile, leather and paper processing; also for pigment dispersion in aqueous media, Wetting, -penetrating and dispersing agent. (1) ]B3AC0iTCL-T (Beacon Company) Descriijtion, properties, uses A water-white liquid, misciblo with hydrocarhons in all proportions. Suggested particularly for use when the vehicle is .turpentine or oils Other thaii mineral oil. P.ecommended hy the manufacturer for use in printing inks, vrxnish stains, and in oil grinding of pigments. TTetting, pene- trating and dispersing egert. (l) BSACOSCOPE-A (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A dark-crov'n, viscous liquid (2). A naphthenic soap recoii^jnend.ed hy the mrxiufacturer as a general low- cost emulsifying agent for paraffin W£ix, coal-tar oil, cresylic acid, cutting oils, disinfectants, insecticides, animal dips, cattle sprays, neta] polis-vo 3, laundry soa.p, floor scrubs, dry-cleaning soaps, soluble oils and T.o:cGile specialties. (l) ChemicaJ conposibicn A naphthenic soap containing: moisture, 1/2 - 1^^; imsaponifiable matter (mineral oil) , -45-50^; dry soaps, 40-45^; ash, 5-10^; free fatty acid, trace; free alkali a.s NiaOK, none. (l) ' BSNSi\PCL (Jacques I7olf & Co.) Description, propertios, tises A light-brown, transparent, slightly viscous liquid (2). TTetter, detergent; used in textile industry. (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated oils and solvent (l) . - 14 - BETASOL OT-A (American Cyanamid & Chenlcal Corp.) Doscrir tion, properties, uses Tfetter, used in leather industry (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated ester of dicarlioxylic acid (l) BLSNlSi^lE (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Oily liquid with pleasoJit pine odor. I.Ii^:es v;ith mineral oil and other hydrocarhons producing clear soluble oils. Emulsifier, for fluid emulsions of oil, solvents, etc. (l) Surfo,ce properties (2) S. T./29.7 I. T., 4.2 S. C, -3.4 B0Z3T0L (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Tfetter; used in textile industry (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated derivative of castor oil (l) CALGOi: (Calgon Inc.) Description, properties, uses Vfhitc flakes. Scouring and detergent assistant, (l) Chemical composition Sodium he3:amctaphosph:;.te (3) Surface properties (2) 3, I'., "71. 3 I. T., 4r-.9 S. C., -07.7 CAPJ30DIT3 (Beacon Company) Description, "properties, uses A white powder; edihle, tasteless and odorless. Req^lires a preservative Hecornmendcd "by the manufacturer as emvilsificr in food emulsions of es- sential oils, mineral oils, fish oil and vogctahle oils. (l) C3THAIi;3 (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses TThite pov/er for use in emulsion paints, polishes and oils. Effective in the cold. Alkaline reaction. This material should he allowed to sorJ: for 24 hours and then dispersed thoroughly vith a high-speed stirrer. Smulsifier :ind suspending agent. (l) CLAY DSFLOCCULAI'T ITO. 2 (H. T. Vanderhilt Co.) Description, properties, uses Dark-brown solution (17^ solids) , miscible in all proportions with water to form a clear solution. pH of l^a solution, 10 to 12. Slight reduction in surface tension and little tendency to foom. Not a wetting agent, but may bo used as a emulsifying agent and acts as a Tjrotective colloid. Stable in the presence of mild alkalies. Not stable in the presence of acids. Unstable on boiling. Eccomraondcd by the maiiufact'oror for the dispersion of certain clays in the ceramic in- dustry, (1) Chemical composition Ar^ijonia salt of long-chain organic acid. (l) - 15 - CLAY ZfflrLOCCULiUJT No. 5 (R» T. Vandor-bilt Co.) DoGcription, proportios, iisos Dark-lircwn solution {\lio solids), nisciblc in all proprotions with wr.tcr tc forn a. cloar solution, pH of a VJo solution, 10 to 12. Slight reduction in surface tension. Littlo tendency to foan. Not a wotting agent, tut may "be used as an emulsifying agent and acts as a protective colloid, Stahle in the presence of mild alkalies. Not staole in the presence of acids. Unstable on "boiling. Eoconimcnded "by the manu- facturer for the dispersion of many types of clays in the ceramic industry, (l) Chemical composition A mixture of an ammonia salt of a long-chain organic acid and a small quantity of a sodiuii salt of an inorganic acid, (l) CIiBNSSCO 1, P. (Cowles Detergent Company) Noxic of this product changed to Drymet. COLSSCO (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties,, uses Detergent and emulsifier for the laundry industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt tuad v/etting agent (l) Description, properties, uses A light-hrown, viscous liquid (S). Recommended hy the manufacturer as an emulsion stabilizer, and for re- emulsifying ""broken" eraulaions, (l) COMINOL (Commonwealth Color & Ciieraical Co.) Description, properties, uses A light-colored, fine powder (s). TJ'etter, detergent; used in textile industry, (4) Cvj^emical composition Derivative of higher sulfonated alcohol (4) C0K3ICAL A (General Dyestuff Corporation) Description, properties, uses Powder, light-tan color. T7etter, emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Sodium alky Inaphthalene sulfonate (l) S■^rface properties (2) S. T., 35.8 I. T., 6.4 S. C. , -9.7 CORSICAL B (General Dyestuff Corporation) Description, properties, uses Powder, light-tan color. Weljtcr. (l) Surface pro-pert ies (2) S. T.,'29.7 I. T., 1.8 . S. C, -1.0 - 15 - COEEKAL FF (General Dyestuff Corporation) Doscription, properties, uses Mo"bile liquid, brown color. Wetter, (l) Surface proporties (2) S. T., 52.4 I. T., 4.3 S. C. , -6.2 CCRIAL B (General Bye stuff Corporation) -De-scription, proporties, uses Powder, light-tan color. V^'etter. (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 29.8 I. T., 1.7 S. C.', -1.0 CC^iaS CLSAITER B (Co-.7les Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition llixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agnet. (l) C0TJL3S CIEAtTER H H (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent for the metal industry (l) Cv^emi cal composition Mixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agent (l) COTTLSS CLEAIISR L (Cowlos Dotorgont Company) Description, properties, uses ScDuring agent and emulsifier for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agent (l) C0WL3S CHZXEER S LI (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent for the metal industry (l) Chamical composition I.Iixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agnet (l) C0T7L3S !.ETAL CLEAI'IEE (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent and om.ulsifier for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agent (l) COyiSS PLAT3ES CL3M3R (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, proporties, uses Scouring agent for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and. emulsifier or v/etting agent (l) COTTIZilS RMLROilD CLSAi'JUR (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent and emulsifier for metal surfaces (l) C jmical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agnet (l) - 17 - GOWLES R SPECIAL (Covrlon Detergent Con^p-aiiv) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent and enulsifier for the metal industr:/ (l) Chemical composition I.Ii::ture of alkaline salt and emulsifier or wetting agent (l) C0T.1^S STPJPPEE (Cc^/les Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent and emulsifior for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition Liix-turo of alkaline salt smd omulr.ifior or wotting agent (l) C07JLES UX SPECIAL (Cowles Detergent Compajiy) Description, riroperties, uses Scouring agent and emulsifier for the metal industry (l) Chemical composition Mixt-ajre of alkaline 'salt and emulsifier or wetting agent (l) DACONOL (S, A. Day Hfg. Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-'brov/n flakes (s). / Afl. all-purpose surface active agent and orgonic detergent. Used as an antipitting sgont in plating s'jnd cleaning solutions. Solutions in distilled water shov; pH values of 5.9 to 7-,l. Does not decompose on standing in aqueous solution. Stable to strong acids and alkalies.- Readi!^' and completely soluble in soft '.7ater , hard water, ajid solutions of acid and alkali. Hajcim-.m concentrations for clee,T solutions in neutral soft water are: 15*^ C, 5^; 25° C, ofj; 50° C, isfa; 100° C, 2lf.. (1) Chemical composition AlkjJ-l arryl sodium sulfonr.te (4). ' * Surface properties (l) . Cone, (fo) 0,12 0.25 0.50 0.75 1,00 S. T. (25°C.) 3:5.0 32.5 32.0. 31.8 31.6 DAINTEX (Hercules Powder Company) Description, properties, uses A blended liquid detergent, \vetting and penetrating agent. Designed for la.uiidry and cleaning purposes. (l) Chemical ocHposition Ilisciblo terpcne alcohols and hydrocarbons (4) DARYAU ITo. 1 (R. T. Vanderbilt Co.) Description, properties, uses • Light-brown powder almost corapletoly soluble in water; solution slightly tuxbid. Recommended by the manufacturer for the dispersion of pigments, anti-oxidants and accelerators in compounding latex. (l) Chemical composition Sodium salt of an aryl sulfonic acid (l) - 18 - DAH7M 1^0. 2 (H. T. Vane! erDi It Conpa:i:/) Description, propertiesi, uses Dark-Drown pov/der, completely sol''a'ble in T-zater forming a clear solution, Eecoininended by the nanuiacturer for the dispersion of certa,in pigments in compoiinding latex, (l) ChenicoJ composition Mono-sodiiim. s.'^lt of an e^rvl sulfonic acid (l) DAKAD Ho. 11 (Dewey and AL'-ay Chemical Co.) Der.cription, properties, uses Li ght-"brov;n powder, almost completely soluDle in -.vator (slight tur"bidity) . l.i?jcimum concentration rccomincndcd at 70° I', is 30 "to 40 percent. pH of 1)0 solution, 7 to 8,5. Reduction of surface tension is negligi"blo and there is no tendency to foam. Kot a wetting agent or emulsifying agent. Stacle in the presence of mild alkalies and a,cids. Recommended "by the manufacturer specifically for dispersing cajr-'Don "black. Large quantities of casein may cause gelling. Sffectlve only when external phase is water. (1) Chcm.ical composition Sodiura salt of .-m ali^'l sulfonate (l). Polymerised orgonic salts of sulfonic acids of bIIvjI aryl type {-%) , DAXAD i'o. 21 (Dewey and Almy Chemical Co.)- Description, properties, uses Dark-bro'vn powder, completely soluble in v/ater to form a clear solution. Ilaximum concentration recommended a.t 70° P. is 25/o. pH of a ifo solution, 7 to 8. Yerj slight reduction of surface tension with slight tendency to foar^. Very little wetting capacity. May "be used as an emulsifying agent only when colloid mill or homogenizer -is used. Stable in the presence of mild a,lkalies and acids. Aqueo^is solution static on boiling. Hot recoriimonded for use in proaonco of soaps or calciuvi so'lts. (l) Chemical composition . • ■ ' I.Iono-calcium ai^yl sulfonic a.cio. (l). ?ol;Tnerized orgimic salts of sul- fonic acids of a.lkj-l aryl type (4). DAXAD ITo. 23 (Dewey and Almy Chemical Co.) ' Description, properties, uses Dark-'orown powder, completely soluble in ',/ater to form a cleo.r solution. Luiximum concentration recoyraended at 70^ I, is 25^. pK of a ifo solution, 7 to 8, Very slight reduction of surface tension i.vith slight tendency to foam. Very little wotting capacity, I.Idy he used as an emulsifying agent only when colloid mill or homogcnizor is used. Sta"blo in the presence of mild acids and alkalies. Aqueous solution stahle on boiling. . A gcn- cr?.lly applicahlo dispersing ;.v;cnt . (l) Chemical composition Llono-sodiuiii aryl sulfonic acid (l). Polymerized orgonic salts of sulfonic acids of allcyl aryl tyi-io (4). - 19 - • _ 3DAXAD ITo. 37 (Dcw3y .and Almy Chonicr-l Co. Description, properties, uses A coralDination diGponjing and suspending agent. -Light-i^r.iy pfjwdor , .partially solulile in water forning a, highly colloidal, turhid sus- pension, I.Iaxinnira concentration rocoKmended at 70^ ?■. is 20^. pH of a 1/7 solution is 7,5 to S.5. Very slight reduction in surface ten- sion with little tendency to foajn. Very little wetting capacity, "b'at may he used as emulsifying a^ent. Stahle in the presence of mild .alkalies; unstchle in the presence of acids. Aqueous solution staole on boiling, P.ccoMmendod hy the manufactijircr for the dispersion of very finely divided sulfur, (l) Chemical composition Mixture of a mono-sodium aryl sulfonat'; and an inorganic suspending agent, (l) DECSESSOL OT (American Cyanainid and Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, ^lees Wetter for textiles (l) Chemical composition A dioctyl ester of sodium suLio snc'cinr-te (l) DSJLOC (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Detergent ojid emulslfier for the laTindry industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and wetting agent (l) DSGIJ1,I2EX l.IK-105 (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Detergent for te:ctile industry (l) Chemical composition Sulfated oils and huffered alkalies -(l) DESOIL (Cowles Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Detergent and emulsifior for the laimdry industry (l) Chemical composition I.Iixture of alkaline salt and v/etting agent (l) LIBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD DETAMOL (Commonwealth Color and Chemical Compr^^y) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, granular solid (2). Wetter, detergent; used chiefly in textile industry (4) Chemical composition Derivative of a higher sulfonated alcohol (4) DIAi,n,I01TIiriI IlilDO DIPHOSFHOPJC ACID (Victor Chemical Works) Description, properties, uses' A white, free-flowing powder. Completely soluhle in warm water. Sequesters calcium and magnesium ions. Detergent, emulsifior and soap "builder, (l) Chemical composition Diammonium imido diphosphoric acid, maJiufactured under U. S, patent 2,122,122. (1) - 20 - DIC-LYCOL LA.IIRAT3 (Beaccn Conpaiiy (a)) (C-lyco Products Co., Inc. ("b)) Description, properties, uses Transparent liquid, light -ye How color, Self-emulsifia'ble in water, forming stable milky emulsions. Solxible in alcohol, mineral oils, vegetalDle oils, hydrocarbon solvents. High boiling point. Non- hygroscopic. 3p, Or. at 25° C,, 0.963 to 0,968. Iodine no., 9-11; acidity (as lauric acid), 1 to 2$\ water content lesr than 1^^. A 5^ aqueous dispersion at 25° C. h,as pH 8, 5. .(A special grade has pK 6,9.) Chemical composition Wetter and emulsiiier, (lb) Diglycol laurate (l) Surfa.ce properties (2) S. T., 25.8 I. T,, 6.6 S. C, -1.9 DIGLiCOL OLZATE (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown, slightly .cloudy liquid. A nonalkaline liquid soap (U, S. patent No. 1,914,100). Smulsificr. (l) Chemical composition Diglycol cleat e (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 31.0 I.T., 8.2 S. C, -8-.7 DICXYCCL S?Si.IL.T7. S (Glyco Frodiicts Co., Inc. (a)) DI ETHYLS JS GLYCOL SISAIU'.E (Beacon Company (b)) Description, properties, uses l;/liite, waxy material. Melting point , caioillary tube, c3-54^ C. pH of 3^ aqueous dispersion (25° C), 6.5-6,8. Emulsifier. (la) Chemical composition Diglycol stearate (l) Surface properties (2) S. T. , 25.8 I. T. , 18.0 3. C. , -13.3 (Source of sample, (a)) DIP2X (Stanc": Incorporated) Description, properties, uses A dark-colored aqueous solution; tends to form two layers on long standing and should be agitated before use. Used for laying dusts of various tj'-pes, for brealiing emulsions in oil fields, and as a mold lubricant in the rubber industry. Use- ful as a ches.p, low-grade v/etting agent. (l) Chemical composition A v/ater solution of tlie sodivm sulfonates derived from the aromatic constituents of mineral oil. It is obtained from the sludge resulting from the trc,?-tmcnt of mineral oil with fuming sulfuric acid in the manufacture of v/hitc oils, (l) Siirface properties (1) Cone. (fi) 4.0 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.25 0.125 S, T, 36.0 39.4 40.5 42.3 43.5 45.2 - 21 - DIrZX II (Stance IncoiTornted) Description, properties, uses A reddish "brown, water dispersion of oil-soliAlDlc -oiirif ied sodium sulfonates, having p.. gel-liko struct^ore, Dir:porses readily in water; dissolves completely' in alcohol to a clear fluid product, Ir,niscil3le with oil, tut "becomes oil-solu"ble ' in removing the excess water "by evaporation. Stable to heat up to 150°--160° C. if neutra.1 or slightly alicalino, "but unsta"blo to hoat in presence of mineral acid. Used as-; an omulsificr for oils, as o. wotting ngont , and as a mold luhricant ■ in the ru""D"bor industry, (l) Chemical composition The sos,ps contained in this product are identical in composition to those in Stance Soap Product Ho, 302; may contain small pjncunts of isopropyl' alcohol used in the purification process, (l) ISBmIT (Procter and C-^imole On,) Description, properties, uses TThite pov/der, solu"bl3 in r/ater, T.o precipitation or separation in the hardest natural water at normal temperature. Unaffected "by many of the common metals, Sta"ble aiid effective in acid, alicaline or neutral solution, Does not hj-drolyze in solution. T7etter, emulsifier, detergent, (l) Chemical corn-position Sodium lauryl sulfate (S) Surface m-operties (2) S, T.,"28.6 I. 'T., 5.4 S. C. , -3.7 DEEN3 (Procter and Gam."blo Cr.) Description, . "iiroperties, u-^cs A liquid prepajrat ion for shampoo purpcsec. Does not precipitate or ' separate in the hardest natural water 9-t nQT.m^l temperature. Unaffected hy many of the common metals, Neutral and does not hydrolyze in solution. (1) •- . : . : .:■.-■ Chemical compositio;;i Triothanolaminc le.uryl sul^fn.tc (l) DPX.ST (Cowles Detergent Com.pany) ' Description, properties, uses An snh;^-drous, non-deliquescent powder, A O.OSfi solution as pH of 11,5. Can "be, mixed with caustic soda to/yield the equivalent of any' desired' higher ratio soilicate. Effective as an adjuvant to soaps .and other" detergents and emulsifioro. A detergent for general use. (l) ': Chemical composition; ' . Commercial anhydrous sodi-um m.otasilicato (l) S-urfaco properties (2) S.T., 65.1 I. T., 2&.1 S. C, -62,7 . DUOSGL'vi: GPA-Iix^S (17.. H. ond P. Jordan, Jr., I.Ifg. Co.) . Description, properties; 'uses , ' ' ' ITliite, fine crystals. • ... ... So curing agent and adjuvont for d.etergents (l) Chemical composition Sodi-om hexametaphosphate (3) Surface properties (2) S. T,, 59,1 I. T., 3S,4 S. C., -68,0 DUPOIXL 30 (3. I. du Pont de l^emours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Yellor;, transparent, ncljile liq\-.id (s) . Wetter, einulsifier, deter^^'ent (l), Ch.er.ical composition Long-chain alcohol sulfate (l) v DUFCITCL L-144 (S. I. du ?ont de lTemc\n^s & Co., Inc.) Description, 'properties, uses Wetter, omulsiiier, detergent (l) Chemical composition Long-chain alcohol sulfate (l) DUPOlvCL LS (flakes and paste) (3. I. du ?ont de ITemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses The paste is a free-flowing fluid; the pov/der is light tan in color, Wetter, einulsifier, detergent. Sai.io as Gardinol LS. (l) Chemical composition Sodiun oleyl sulfate (l) Surface properties (2) Plaices: S. T. , 29.4 I.T., 3.0 S. C. , -1.9 Paste: S. T., 27.3 I.T., 3.S S. C, -0.7 DLTOITOL 13 (Dry) (3.1. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A white pov/der. Er.ulsif ier. (l) C}^_emical composition Sodium laioryl sulfate (3). Contains lauryl alcohol (5). Surface properties (2) S. T.,'30.2 I. T., 6.3 S. C, -6.5 DUPOHOL OS (3. I. du Pont de Kemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-Drov;n, nolDile liquid (2). Wetter, emulsifier, detergent (l). Chemical composition Long-chain alcohol sulfate (l) DUPONOL WA (flal-3s and paste) ' (3, I. du Pont de rlemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses The flake form is a v;hite powder; the paste is an almost rvhite "sill:y" paste. Wetter, enulsifier, detergent, (l) Chemical composition Sodi-ujn sulfate of teclinical lauryl alcohol (3). Contains lauryl alcohol (5), Surface x^ropertics (2) Plaices: S. T. , 26.4 1.1,, 3.8 S. C, +0,3 Paste: S. T., 22.6 I. T., 6.7 S. C, +1.2 - 25 - DUPOHOL L-144-^7D (S. I. du Pont de Hemcurs & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A ■brownish-rod, molDile liqiiid (C). Wetter, emiilsifier , detergent (4). Ci^eraical composition Long-chain alcohol sulfate (4) DUPOKOL I7S (E. I. du Pont de ITomours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored paste (s). Wetter, eiaulsifier, detergent (4), Chemical composition Long-chain alcohol sulfate (4) ELEI.:ITS (Jacques Wolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-l"jro\7n, transparent, mobile liquid (2). Wetter, detergent, for cleaning purposes (l). Chemical composition Sulfonated oils and solvents (l) ELIULPHOR A (General Dyestuff Corporation) Description, "oropcrties, uses Brown, oily liquid. Oil . soluble . Enulsifier. (l) Chemical composition A condensation product of ethylene oxide and an orgjmic acid (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 29.8 I. T., 6.0 S. C, -5.3 ElvIULPHOR EL (General Dyestuif Corporation) Description, proporties, uses Viscous, oily liquid; greenish-trown .color . Wetter, enulsifier. (l) Chemical composition A condensation product of ethylene oxide ai;d an organic acid (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 38.5 I. T., 7.2 S. C. , -15,2 Ei,:ULSIPI3R W-7o3-A (o^acques Wolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Do,rk-t)roVirri , slightlj^ viscous liquid (2), Smulsifier, for oils and solvents (l). Chemical composition Sodium naphthenic siilfonate (l) EirJLSOlTE B (Glycc Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses White, vegetat'le ^-;um; odorless, tasteless, edilole. Substitute for gtom tragacanth. Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition A vegetahle gvm (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 45.7 I. T., 13.3 S. C. . -28.5 - 24 - 3:.IULSTZR0L (Beacon 0;.mi::xrrj) Description, properties, uses Light-colored lustrous v^ruc, disporsi'Dle in hot water r/ith stirring, Smulsiii^r and suspending a.'jont . (l) SSCOL 77 (Cov/les Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Detergent for the Is.undry industry (l) Chemical composition I.Iizture of alkaline salt and wetting agent (l) 3SC0LIT3 (Cowles Detergent Cor.pany) Description, properties, uses Detergent for the textile and laundry industries (l) Chemical composition Llixture of alkaline salt end wetting .'.-.gent (l) SSCO SA70K (Cowles Detergent Co.) Description, i:ircportics, ^loes Light-tan pwodcr (2). Detergent and emulsif ier for the laundry industry (l) , Chemical composition A "blend of sodiujn silicoal-'jurinnte and soap (3) Surface riroperties (2) S. T./3I.3 I. T., r'.5 S. C, -4.3 S-'/SlISH 1 (Hercules Powder Co,) Description, properties, uses Yellow, r.ohile liquid (p). ^Tetter and defoa.'ner for the te::tile and paper industries (l). Chemical composition A scluhle mixture with a sulfated oil has;^ , containing a mixture of alcohols and hydrocarLon solvents. (l) 3T31TIH 25-2 (Hercules Powder Co.) Desciiption, pr"-|)ertio3, uses AjTiOer, mohile liquid (2), '.Tetter and defoamcr for the textile and pajior industries (l), Chemica]. composition SoluDlc compound vrlth sulfated oil base, containing a mixture of alcohols. (1) PL03X (Rosr, and Hov/e , Inc.) Description, nroperties, \xses Black, viscous fluid; odorless, tasteless ?>jid non-toxic. Soluble in vegetable and animal fats and oils; soluble in petrolevm oils and solvents; insoluble in v/ater, acetone and alcohol. Practically neutro.l, A wotting agent for r.aints, nrinting inks and lubricants, (l) Chemical comocsition Condensation product of higher iP.tty acids, (l) GAEDniOL LS (flalces and paste) ((a) S. I. du Pnnt de Nemoiirs.5: Co., Inc.) (("b) Procter and C-ain"ble Co.) Description, properties, uses Supplied in "both powder and past'^ forL-i. J^Tc precipitation or separation in the hardest natural Trater at normal temperature, Unafi^ected ty many of the conanon metals. Stalile and effective in acid, alkaline or neutral solutions. Does not hydrolyse in solution. Tfetter, emulsifier and de- tergent; also used as a dyeing assistant. (l"b) Chemical composition Sodiura sulfata of teclinical oleyl alcohol. ' (l"b) G-AFDIKOL '.7A (flalces and paste)((a) S. I. duPcnt de 'jlemours & Co., Inc.) ((h) Procter and G-arnhle Co.) Description, properties, uses Supplied in hoth white po^vder and paste form. Ho precipitation or separation in the hardest natural water at normal temperatnjre. Unaffected hy many of the ccainon metals. St^.hle and effective in acid, alkaline or neutral solutions. Does n^^t liydrolyze in solution, better, emulsifier, deter^^ent. Also used as a dyeing assistant and finishing agent . ( Ih ) C-LYCEETL LAU?AT3 S (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A lic;ht-colored liquid with very faint odor. Sp. gr. (25^/25^ C), 0.979. An ester of C. P. glycerin and lauric acid ohtainod from odihlo cocoanut oil, and can therefore ho considered non-toxic. Soluhlc in alcohol, hydro carhons and oils. Self-enulsifying in water. pH (25°C,) of 5)0 aqueous dispersion, 8,8-9.0. Emulsifier. (l) Chenica,l composition G-lycerol la,urate (l) GLYCEHIL LIOiTORICINOLEATE (Glyco Prodiicts. Cc. , Inc.) Description, properties, uses Amher-cblored oil; free ricinoleic acid, 0,51^, water soluhle extract, ?.5}^. Dispersihle in water; pH of 1.5^ dispersion in water, 7..1, Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition C-lyceryl monoricinoleate (l) Surface properties (s) S. 'I.," 33.0 I. 'T., 3.S S. C, -3.3 GLYCERYL LIOHOSTEARATE (Beacon Company (a)) GLYCERYL I,I01I0SIEAPuA.TE S (Glyco Products Co., Inc. (h)) Description, properties, uses A cream-colored wax. Melting point, capillary tu"be, 56-57° C. DispersiDle in water. pH at 25° C. of a ifo aqueous dispersion, 9,5-9.8. Emulsifier. (l) Chemical compositiozi Glyceryl monostearate (l) Surface properties (s) S. T., 31.7, I. T., 15.9 S, C., -17.1 Source of sample (h) - 26 - GLYCSEYL CLZA'TS (fg.) Beacon Conpany) GLYC3HYL OISAE (technical) ((Id) Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A l^ro\?n li-iu.id. Soluble in alcohol and hyr'xocar'bons. Dispersitle in water, Snulsifier, (To) Chemical composition 'j-lyooryl oloate, tech_nica.l (lo) GLYCO ST3EIIT (Glyco- Products Co. , Inc.) Descrii^tion, properties, uses A highly refined grade of. glycol stearate (diglycol stear-tte). Avmite, wn-xy material. Smulsificr. (l) Chemical composition Diglycol steaivate (l) . Sop U. S. Patent 1,914,100. Surf 'ice properties (2) S. T., 25.8 I. T., 18.0 S..C., -13.3 GRj'iSS:;!!! IIT-181 (3. I. du Pont do Nemours & Co., Inc.) C-RixSSLLn HT-181-P GIIAS33LLI IK-436 DoGcri^:>cion, properties, uses See ;ii:-i8i. ir-iei-p, ii:-43a GPAS32LLI •SPPa'ODSE-STIGIQH (3. I. du Pont de Kenours & Co., Inc.) Description, pro;oerties, uses Brown, transparent, slightly viscous liq^uid (3)'. Fetter omX sticlcer for insecticidal sprays (l). Chemical composition Sodium oleyl sulfate cq-A a synthetic resinous r.tickcr (l) S-orface properties {?.) 3. 'I., 33.6 I. T. , 1.7 S. C, -4.3 IL"Jl'T3X OIL K-40 (Hart Products C-rn.) Description, properties, uses A detergent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition Sulfated oils and solvents (l) HAHTIIX OIL K-lOl (Hart Products Corp.) Doscri-otion, properties, uses A detergent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition SolulDle chlorinated solvents (l) HAET3X OIL L-::.3 (Hart Products Corp.) Descrir'tion , properties, user. A detergent for the textile industry (l) Chomical composition Glycol soaps containing :cuffored alkalies (l) HARTOIZII!.' K-122 (Hart Products Corp.) DoGoription, riroperties , uses A detergent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition Pine oil soap containing buffered alkalies (l) HAPTCP31TS (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses A specialty for the textile in'iu.5try (l) ' Chemical composition Fine oil gel (l) - 27 - HOMICELI 1 (A. C. Horn Co.) Description, properties, uses A 35^ solution of a sulphonated natural compound. ITot miscitle with oil or organic solvents. Slightly acid reaction, iDut. can "be modified so as to "be neutral or alkaline. Statle and heat resistant in acid and alkaline solutions. Produces only a slight lovrering of the surface tension of water, and hence is not a wetting agent. Dispersing agent for hydrophobic pcxticlos, especially pigments in aqueous medium, (l) Chemical composition • ^ " Aqueous solution of sulfonated natural materials (l) HOPJIICSIi 3 ( A. C. Horn Co.) DoGcription, properties, uses An aqueous solution of the dispersing agent present in Hornken 1, plus a wetting agent which does not detrimentally affect the dispersion. Dis- perser and wetter for hydrophobic ^oarticles, as dry pigments and dry colors in aqueous medium. (l) Chemical composition Aqueous solution of a sulfonated natural material present in Hornkem 1, plus a wetting agent. (l) HYDiR31^S (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses Brown-colored paste, pleasant odor. Recommended "by the manufacturer for water wa:: emulsions and fluid oil emulsions. Tends to reduce foaming, 3mulsif ior . (l) HYDROI.JILIN (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A iight-lDro\m paste, for production of ruhless floor polishes. Emulsif ier . (l) Surf-^ce properties (2) • S. T., 27.3 I. T., 15,2 S. C. , -12.0 HYT::RG3N (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses A detergent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition Su.lfatod condensation proc''uct (l) IG3P0N A. P. (Sxtra) (General Dyestuff Corp.) Description, properties, uses Light-tan pov/der (2). Detergent, wetter, emulsifier. Also manufa.ctured in the following grades: Extra Cone; Extra Plakes; Liquid. (l) Chemical composition CH3(CH2)7CH:CK(CH2)7C00 CK2CH250[3iTa (6). Oleic acid ester of aii aliphatic comporr.d (l). Surface "oroperties (2) S. T., 28.4 I. T., 1.3 S. C.,-<0,8- IGSPON T (Gel) (General Dyestuff Corp.) Descri'ption, properties, uses An opalescent gel. Wetter, emulsifier, detergent and scouring agent, (l) Chemical composition' (l) C17H33CO .HE. C2H4.. S03lla Surface properties (2) S. T. , 27.1 I. T., 6.0 S. C, -2.6 ^ 28 - lOEPON T (powder) (Croncral Dycstuff Corp.) Description, propcrticc, uses Fine, white powder. Wetter, emulsifier, detergent and scouring agent, (l) ' Chemical composition (c) Ci7H33C0,K(CK3) .C2H4,S03lTa Surface properties (2) S. T., 28.8 I. T., 3.2 S. C., -1.5 IMMSRSOL T X (Powder) (Nyanza Color and Chemical Co.) (Cherdcal Mfg. Co.) DescriT)tion, properties, uses A stable, slightly hygroscopic pov/der ; neutral; stable in moderate concentrations of al]:ali; has definite fungicidal properties. Also manufactured in the follov/ing grades: Paste; Solutions, (l) Chemical composition A sulfonated ether (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 32.1 I. T., 3,8 S. C., - 5.4 111-181 (E. I. du Pont de Ilemours & Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses V.'hite powder. V/etter, (l) Chemical composition Sodiui.i lauryl sulfate (l) Surface -properties (2) S. T,, 27.1 I. T., 4.8 S. C, -1.4 IN-181-P (E. I. du Pont de ITemours & Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses White, fine pov/der. Wetter, (l) Chemical composition Sodium lauryl sulfate and inert pov/der (l) Surface properties (2) S. T.,'25.4 I. T., 4.7 S. C., ^0.4 IrI-438 (E, I. du Pont de ITemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Dark-brov/n liquid, slightly visco^is . Wetter, (l) Chemical composition Sodium oleyl sulfate (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 25.6 ■ I. T., 7.6 S. C, -2.7 ILITRAIvIIl^E (Synthetic Chemicals, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-tan pov/der (2). ■.better, eraulsifior, detergent. Used in textile and cosnetic industries (4) . Chemical com.position Sodium salt of sulfonated lauryl and-myristyl collamido (4) - 29 - IMADiWl 3 (CibcaCo., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A white poi^der. Wetter for hypochlorite baths, (l) Chemical composition • - ■ Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate derivative (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 51.5 I. T., 2.5 S. C, -3.5 IMADllUl C (Ciha Co., Inc.) Description, properties, -uses • - • ■ ' Light-tan po\\rder. v/ettor for acid baths, (l) Chemical composition Alkylnapthalono sulfonic acid (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 29.2 I. T., 4.7 S. C., -3.4 IlWADlA^ 1^. (Ciba Co., Inc.) Description, ]properties, uses Light-tan pov;der. VJetter. (1) Chemical composition Sodium alkylnaphthalenesvilfonate (l) Surface pro-oerties (2) S. T.", 33.S I. T., 3,5 S. C., -6.6 KIE3AS0L J, C. (John Campbell & Co . , Inc.) (American Cyanamid & Chemical Corp., successors) Description, properties, uses Light-brovm, translucent, viscous liquid. Kier boiling assistant, detergent, (l) Chemical composition Mixture of sulfonated castor oil and pine oil (l) Surface properties {?.) S. T., 31.4 I. T., 4.5 S. C, - 5.4 KLIERSOL (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Used for regenerating lime soaps (l) Chemical comxiosition A phosphate salt (l) LAMCLilEIiT LM (E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses 'fetter, detergent, dyeing assistant. Used ch:efly in textile industry. (4) Chemical com]position Long-chain alcohol siilfate pliis col vent (l) LAUR3L SUPERSULFATES P (powder) (Laurel Soap lAfg. Co.) Description, properties, uses Pine powder, alm.ost white.' Detergent, (l) Surface properties (2) S. T.,"'32.5 I. T., 4.2 S. C., - 6.1 - 30 - LAUHSIL SUPSHSULFATES 11 (pov;der) (Laurel Soap Mfg. Co.) Description, pror^ertips, uses Fine pov;der, clmost v/hite. Detergs.^nt . (l) Surface iDroperties (2) S. T./o3.5 I. T., 5.3 S. C, -8.3 LAUP-SL SIIP2P.SULPAT3S ITT (paste) (Laurel Soap Mfg. Co.) Description, propertic^s, uses Creain-colored suspension, slightly viscous. Detergent, (l) Surface 'propcrtios (2) S. T.,^29.4 I. T., 4.6 S. C, -3.5 LIC-HTITIiJC^ PTi-JII?HA'20R X (Commonvealth Color & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Straw-coiorod, motile liquid, (2). V/cttcr and penetrant for textile industry. {^-) Choirdcal composition • ■ ' Sulfonated nigher fatty alcohol (4) LOBPIITOL (Glyco Products Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored powder. As effective in acids, salts, hard v/ater, and alkalies, as in nou.tral solution, (l) Surface properties (2) S. T.,'24.9 I. T., 5.5- S. C, +0.1 LOPOL (3. I. du Pont de Komours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A molDile, colorless, transparent liquid. Emulsifier, (l) Chemical composition Technical la-aryl alcohol (3) ' LOUPi^ililE (Jacques V'olf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Dark, mohile liquid (2). ' ' ' A v;otter and detergent for the textile industry (l). Chemical composition Sulfonated oils and solvents (l) LOUPGLE \:I-950 (Jacques ':Iolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Brovm, transparent, mobile liquid (2). A v/etter and detergent for the textile industry (l). Chemical composition Sulfonated oilIACC0 (National Aniline and Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Brown, coarse lumps (2). Wetter for textile industry (4) . Chemical composition Modified sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (4) NOVONACCO N:N (National Aniline & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Dark-brown, opaque, mobile liquid (2) , V/etter for carbonizing agents for textile industry (4). Chemical composition Modified alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid (4) N.S.A.E, (Onyx Oil & Chemical Co.) Deccription, properties, UGon Wetter, for textile industry (4) Chemical coinposition Alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid ester (4) OCEIIOL (S. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Liquid, amber color. Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Technical oloyl alcohol (3) OLEO GLYCERYL SULFATE C (Onyx Oil & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Brov;n, slightly viscous emulsion (2)" Wetter, for the textile industry (4), Chemical cojnposition Oil ester sulfate (4) OIEO GLYCERYL SULPATE (Onyx Oil and Cheai.oal Co.) Description, properties, uses Brovm, cloudy, viscous liquid (2). Wetter, for the textile industry (-4) , .- ■ Chemical composition Oil ester sulfate (4) OLIVESGO (Cov/l.;s Dctorgont Co.) Description, properties, uses A pov;der (2) . Detergent and emulsifier 'for the laundry indust? Chemical compo3ition Blend of sodium silicoaluminate (U. S. patent '. and olive oil soap (3) Surface properties (2) S. T., 30.9 I. T., 2.7 S.C, .-3.1 ONYXOL. 66 (Ony:c Oil & Chemical Co.) Description, -properties, uses " ' " Brovm, slightly cloiidy, mobile liquid (2). Wetter; for the textile industry (4). Chemical composition Oil ester sulfate (4) OBAMP (Jacques Wolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Brown ^paate (2^i. ' . Wetter and detergent (l). Chemical composition Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (l) - 38 - OEATOL (Jacques Wolf &■ Co.) Description, properties, uses Brown, viscous liajaid (S). Wetter and detergent (l) , Chemical composition A sulfonated amide (l) ORTHOSIL, regular (Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, granular solid (2). Alkaline cleaning compound for metal cleaning (4). Chemical composition A concentrated alkaline compound (4) ORTHOSIL, special (Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, granular solid (8). Alkaline cloaning compound for metal cleaning (4) Chemical composition A concentrated alkaline compound (4) OR^/US WA (paste and flakes) (Proctor & Gamble Co.) Description, properties, uses White powder, or paste. No precipitation or separation in the hardest natural v;ator at normal temperature . Unaffected "by m.any of the common metals. Stable .v.nd effective in acid, alkaline, or neutral solutions. Does not hydrolyze in solution, A v/attor, omulsificr and detergent. Recommended by the manu- facturer as a dispersing agent and spreader for insecticides, (l) Chemical composition Sodium lauryl sulfate (l) Surface pror)ertios (flakes) (2) S. T,, 25,8 I. T,, 5.4 S. 0., -0.7 PALMITO GLYCERYL SLTLPHAT3 CONC . (Onyx Oil & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Paste; light-brov/n color. Detergent, (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 30.1 I. T., 3.2 S. C, -2.8 PARA OIL (Jacques Wolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-brown, viscous liquid (2) . \7etter and detergent for textile industry (l) Chemioal composition Saponified oils (l) PENATROL GO (Beacon Co.) Description, properties, uses Straw-colored, free-flowing liquid (s). Wetter and penetrant for paper, textiles, leather, metal cleaning, and agricultural sprays, Recomraonded by the manufacturer as a low- cost substitute for the sulfonated alcohols, (l) - 39 - PENATHOL 65 (Beacon Co.) Deocription, properties, uses Light-yellow, free-f lov/inf^ liquid (2) . Wetter and penetrant for papnr, textiles, leather, metal cleaning;, and agricultural sprays. Roconmendcd by the manufacturer as a low-cost substitute for the sulfonated alcohols. Stated to be lower in cost, and somewhat less efficient, then Pcnatrol-60. (l) PElffiTHEX (Hercules Powder Co.) Description, properties, uses Brown, slightly viscous liquid (P.) . Wetter and detergent for the textile industry (l) . Chemical composition Soluble mixture containing crcsol and tertiary Alcohols. Is alkaline on pH scale. Contains about 35^ water, (l) PENETROL (Kay-Fries Chemicals, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown liquid, lactone-like odor, A spreader and sticker for such materials as nicotine sulfate, pyrethrum extract, derris extract, the ar-senates, bordeaux mixture, the sulfurs, and ground derris root, (l) Chemical composition Oxidized petroleum hydrocarbons (32°-34° Be), sulfonated, 90^; inert, 10^ (1) Surface properties (2) S. T., 34.6 I. T., 4.2 S. C., -8,5 PEMSALT CLEAKEES (Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co.) Description, properties, uses Detergents for metal cleaning (4) Chemical composition Concentrated alkaline cleaning compounds (4) PEUTASICON "T" (Merck & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown, slightly viscous liquid (s) . Leveler and penetrant for textile industry (4) . Chemical composition Sulfonated products of vegetable oils, fats, hydrocarbons (4) PSNTOGEl'J (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Detergent for textile indtistry (l) Chemical composition Sulfated compound containing solvents (l) - 40 - PHOSPHOTEX (Monsanto Chemical Company) Description, properties, uses A white powder {2), Detergent for kier boiling and silk degumning (3), Chemical composition Tetrasodium pjTophosphate (3) POTASSIUM PALMOLATE S. (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Cr^am-colored paste; fatty odor. Emulsifier. (l) POTASSIWI SUIPHORICIHOLEATS (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A viscous liquid of "brownish color. Emulsion stabilizer, particularly for cosmetics, (l) Chemical composition Potassium sulforicinolcato (l) PROFLEX (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, alkaline powder. Useful in preparation of water (emulsion) paints, Emulsifier. (l) Surface properties (2) S, T., 40,2 I. T., 8.8 S. C., -18.5 PROLAUHIIT (Glyco Products Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored liquid with faint odor, Miscible with alcohol, hydro- carbons and oils. Self-emulsifying in water. pH (25° C.) of 5^ aqueous dispersion, 8,45, Sp. gr, (25°/25° C), 0.940, Used similarly to Diglycol Laurate S, Emulsifier, (l) Chemical composition Propylene glycol laurate (l) PROLEIN (Glyco Products Co., InC . ) Description, properties, uses Light-brown liq\iid v;ith faint odor. Partially miscible v/ith alcohol, completely miscible with hydrocarbons and oils, pH (25° C,) of 5fo aqueous dispersion, 9.65. Sp. gr. (25°/25° C), 0.948, Emulsifier, (l) Chemical composition Propylene glycol oleate (l) PROPYIEHE LAUBLiTE EDIBLE (Beacon Co,) Description, properties, uses Ambor-colored oil. Non-hygroscopic. High boiling, Miscible with alcohol, glycerine, glycol, hydrocarbons. Self-emulsif iable in water. pH of bf- aqueous dispersion, 8.0. Odorless, non-toxic and edible. Physiologically harmless. Low surface tension. Low viscosity. Recom- mended by the manufacturer as an emulsifying agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and foodstuffs, as a roplacoment for diglycol laurate and |)ropylono gljraol laurate. (l) - 41 - PROPYLSIIE STEABATS (Beacon Co.) Description, propo.rties, uses A white, wax-like colid. Melting point, 57° C. Nearly odorless. Soluble hot in alcohols, oils, organic solvento, Dispersible in hot water. Contains no free alkalies or amines, pH of 5fo aqueous disper- sion, less than 7,0, Reconimended by the manufacturer as an emulsifying and thickening agent, of particular Interest to the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries because of its non-toxicity, purity, and freedom from alkalies, (l) PROSTEARIN (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, wax-like solid, molting point 37,5° C. Practically odorless. Misciblc with hot alcohol, hot hydrocarbons and hot oils. Disperses in hot water, pH of 5fo aqueous dispersion, 7,2-7.3, Sp, gr,, 0.912 at melting point. Used similarly to Diglycol Stearate S. Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Propylene glycol stearate (l) PROTOL (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses Brown-colored liquid, pleasing odor. Soluble in both water and oils. Eniulsificr. (l) RADIACTIM (Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Greenish-yellovr, translucent paste (2). Leveling agent for textile industry (4) , Chemical composition Algin soap compound (4) RAYON SCOUR A (Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown, transparent liquid (2) . Detergent for textile industry (4) , Chemical composition Algin soap compound (4) EESOLIN NF (Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc.) Description, properties, -oses Light-brown, turbid, mobile liquid (2), Wetter for textile industry (4) , Chemical composition. Algin soap compound (4) RINPORS L (Sandoz Chemical Works, IrC.) Description, properties, uses Dark-brovm, soft paste (2) . Detergent, for textile industry (4) . - 42 - EOSOAP A (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown-colored paste. Recommended "by the manufacturer for preparing soluble pine oil and soluble kerosene for detergent and special cleaning purposes, (l) Chemical composition Sodi\ira oleo-abietatc (l) ROYOX (Roycc Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Brovm, translucent, viscous liquid (2). Detergent for the laundry industry (4). Chemical compositior Pine oil v;ith soap (4) SAEDOCARITIT (Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown, mobile liquid. Slightly turbid (2). V/ottcr for the textile industry (4). SANDOPAN A ( Sandoz Chemical V^orks, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-brovm paste (2), Detergent for the textile ind\istry (4), SAKDOZOL N (Sandoz Chemical Works, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Brown, transparent liquid (2). Wetter for the textile industry (4) . SANT0MSRS3 NO, 1 (Monsanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses White flakes with slightly aromatic odor. Wetting agent, emulsif3ang agnet, detergent. Moisture content about 2^. Apparent sp. gr. 0.35-0,45, pH of 1 percent solution in distilled v;ater at 30° C,, 7.5-3.5, A cold stock solution may contain 20-30^ of wetting agnet; a paste may be made with greater than 35^-, No turbidity in water up to 508 p.p.m, hardness. Aqueous solutions stable at boiling temperat\ires. Salted out by alkalies but otherwise chemically stable to them» Stable to 10^ sulfuric acid, (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid, plus an inorganic salt. (1) Surface properties (l) Cone, ifo) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.03125 S. T, (25^0 32.4 32.6 32.5 31.8 34.4 - 43 - SANTOMERSE NO. 2 (Honscanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses White flakes v;ith slightly aromatic cdor. V/etting agent, amnlsifying agent, detergent. Moisture content about 2%, Apparent sp. gr,, 0,4-0.5 pH of 1 percent solution in distilled v/ater at 30° C, 10.2- 10,5. A cold stock solution may contain up to 10-20^; a paste may "be made with greater than 30^, ITo turbidity in water up to 576 p.p.m. hardness, Aquootis solutions stable at boiling temperatures. Salted out by alkalies but otherwise chemically stable to them, (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid (l) Surface properties (l) Cone, (f:) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.03125 S.T. (25° C.) 33.1 33.5 34.2 34.3 35.7 SANTOMERSE NO. 3 (Monsanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses A white, hygroscopic pov/dcr with slightly aromatic odor. VJctting agont, emulsifying agent, dotorgcnt. Moisture content about 1^6, Apparent sp. gr. about 0.5-0.6, pH of ifo solution in distilled water at 30° C,, 7.5-8.5. A cold stock solution may contain 20-30^ of wetting a,g3nt ; a paste may be made vdth greater than 45fi. No turbidity in water up to 423 T),p,ni, hardness. Aqueous solutions stable at boiling temperatures. Salted out by alkalies but other- wise chemically stable to them. Stable to lO'jl sulfuric acid. Solubility characteristics similar to Santomerse D. (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid (l) Surface properties (l) Cone. (^,) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.03125 S.T. (25° C.) 35.9 36.0 3.6.0 37.2 41.9 SANTOMSP.SE NO. 3 PASTE (Monsanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Consists of 75f; Santomerse No. 3 plus 25^ water. Otherwise, similo.r to Santomerse No. 3. (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid, plus water (l)^ - 44 - SAl'ITOI^GIRSE D (Monsanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses A white, hygroscopic powder with slightly aromatic odor. Wetting agent, emulsifying agent, detergent. Moisture content about 1^. Apparent sp. gr. about 0.5, pH of ifo solution in distilled water, 7-8 at 30° C. A cold stock solution may contain 30-40^ of vretting agent; a paste may be made with greater than 50^^, No turbidity in water of 1,000 p.p.m, hardness. Aqueous solutiens stable at boiling tompGratures, Salted out by alkalies but otherwise chemically stable to them. Stable to 10^ sulfuric acid. Readily soluble in ethyl alcohol, o-dichlorobcnzenc, toluono , benzene; moderately soluble in carbon tetrachloride, glycerine, kerosene, pine oil, naphtha, oleic acid, turpentine; insoluble in acetone, ethylene dichloride, linseed oil. (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid (l) Surface properties (l) Cone, ifc) 0.5 0.25 0.125 0.0625 0.03125 S,T. (25° C.) 37.4 37.7 38.5 43.8 47.9 SAITTOMSRSS S (Monsanto Chemical Go.) Description, properties, uses A ZOfc aqueous solution, sp. gr. 1.050-1.060 at 25° C, Otherwise, similar to Santonierse D, (l) Chemical composition Salt of a substituted aromatic sulfonic acid, in aqueous solution (l) SAPAMI15S A (Ciba Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Leveling agent for the textile industry'- (4) Chemical composition Diethyl aninoethyl oleyl amide acetate (4) SCOUHOL V;. P. Powder (E. F. Houghton & Co.) Description, properties, uses Buff -colored granules, "'/etter and deterr::cnt. (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline doter5:ents and penetrants (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 25.9 I. T., 0.8 S. C., +2.8 SCOURTEX H-73 (Hart Products Corp.) Description, properties, uses Detergent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition Sulfated oils and solvent v. (l) SILVATOL I (Ciba Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Dark brown, mobile liqiiid (2) . Detergent for dry cleaning industry (4) . Chemical composition Pine oil compound (4) - 45 - SILVATCL II (Ciba Go,, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Detergent for the dry cleaning industry (4) Chemical co.nposition Pine oil compound (4) SOAPALITE (Cov/les Detergent Company) Description, properties, uses Detargent and emiilsifier for the laundry industry (l) Chemical composition Mixture of alkaline salt and wetting agent (l) SOAPOTOL (Commonwealth Color <5b Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-colored, granular solid (2). Wetter and detergent for textile Industry (4). Chemical composition Derivative of higher sulfonated alcohol (4) SODIUM SULPHOEICI:toLSATS (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A heavy liquid, light-^brovn color, neutral in reaction. Emulsifier and emulsion statilizer, (l) Chemical composition Sodium sulforicinolcato (l) SOLHEX (Hercules Powder Co.) Description, properties, uses Yellow, mohilc liquid (2). Wetter and spotter for the textile industry. Siiitablo for use in kiers and for other general detergent procosr^cs. (l) Chemical composition A soluljle oil containing hydrocarbon and hydrogenated solvents, with a sulfated castor oil base. Is alkaline on pH scale. Contains about 35/o water, (l) SOLUBLE PIIIE OIL S-190 (Jacques 'v/olf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-brown, slightly viscous liquid (2) • Detergent and disinfectant (l) Chemical composition Pine oil in emulsion (l) SOLVADDIS NC (CibaCo., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Amber, mobile liquid (2). Wetter for textile Industry (4). Chemical composition Alkylated aryl sulfonate (4) - 46 - SORBITOL LAIIRATS (C-lyco Products Co., Inc.) Dencription, properties, uses Light-colored liquid, dispersible in water, pH of a 5^ aqueous dispersion, 6.8. Soluble in alcohol, hydrocarbon solvents, mineral and vegetable oils. E^'ulsifying agent, v/ith definite surface tension reducing properties . (l) Chemical composition Sorbitol laurat3 (l) SORBITOL OLHATE (C-lyco Producbr, Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-brown liquid, odorliiss and practically tastelesr, . pH of 5^ aqueous dispersion, 8.55. Soluble in alcohol, hydrocarbon solvents, mineral and vegetable oils. Emulsifying agent; surface tension depressant, (l) Chemical composition Sorbitol oleate (l) SOY-O-MJLSIOIT (Insect-O-Cide Laboratories) Description, properties, uses Amber-colored liquid, pour point belovr 40° E. Sp. G-r., 0.91. Miscible with petroleum fractions and many organic liquids. Soluble in acetone, v7etter and emulsifier, (l) Chemical composition A dry-processed soj^bean oil, containing a fixed percentage of primary alcohols (l) SS-3 (E, I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Hov/ marketed as Grasselli Spreader-Sticker (l) STANCO SOAP PRODUCT ITO , 302 (Stance Incorporated) Description, properties, uses A concentrated solution in a paraffine oil of purified sodium sulfonates. Clear, reddish brovm in color and very viscous at room tempero.ture . Miscible in all proportions v;ith oil. Insoluble in v;ater but readily dispersed therein with agitation and heat. A 3^ dispersion in water has pK of 3.8; the pH drops rapidly on dilution. Useful in compounding high grade cutting, textile, quenching and leather oil? where high color, appearance, and good emulsibility are important, (l) Chemical composition A solution in paraffine oil of purified, oil-solublo, sodium sulfonates derived mainly from certain alkyl constituents of a mineral oil. Obtained by neutralization with sodium carbonate of the oil-soluble sulfonic acids resulting from the treatment of mineral oils with fuming sulfuric acid in the manufacture of white oils, (l) Surface properties (l) Cone, 3^ (dispersion) S. T. 34 - 47 - STANCO SOAP PRODUCT NO. 312 (Stanco Incorporated) Description, properties, uses A solution in a paraffine oil of purified sodium sulfonates. The soaps are the same as those in Soap Product No. 302, but the solution is less concentrated and consequently more fluid. The properties are essentially the same as for No. 302, but as it is more fluid it Js easier to blend with oils and easier to dis-ocrsc in water, (l) Chemical composition Same as Stanco Soap Product No. 302, but less concentrated, (l) Surface properties (l) Cone. 4^ (dispersion) S. T. 34 ■STEAHO' GLYCERYL SULFATE CONC . (Onyx Oil & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses Croam-colorod paste. Detergent, (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 31.3 I. T., 5.5 S. C., -6.3 STENOL (E. I. du Pont de ilemours & Co., Inc.) Descrit)tion, properties, uses White, xmxy flalces, Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Technical stearyl alcohol (3) SULFATATE (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) ' ' ' Description, properties, uses Light-bro\«i liquid. Completely miscible with water. Miscible with dilute alcohol. Insoluble in oils and hydrocarbons, Sp. gr. (22°/22° C.), 1.152, pH of 5< solution in water, 9.2-9.4. Effective in acids, salts, hard v/ater and alkalies, Refluxing for several hours . at pH of 2 to 11 shov/s no deterioration or breakdov/n. Recommended by the manufacturer for textile scouring, leather and paper impregnation, and as a constituent of cosmetics and polishes. V/etting agent, emulsifying agent, (l) Chemical composition A hydrocarbon sulfonate (not a sulfated f;itty alcohol), (l) SDLF02TATSD CASTOR OIL (L. Sonneborn Sons) Description, properties, uses Viscous, transparent liquid; light yellow color. '.7etter, emulsifier .(l) Chemical composition Castor oil, sulfonated (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 34.3 I. T., 3.9 S. C,, -7.7 SUXFO TURK S. (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) _ Description, properties, uses Orange-brown, viscous oil v;ith pleasant , spicy odor. Non-hygroscopic, non-drying, non-volatile, anhydrous. Soluble in hydrocarbons; emulsifies in water. Will not turn rancid; will not crystallize or precipitate on freezing, pH of 5^ dispersion, 9,6. (l) Chemical composition Modified sulfonated hydrocarbon, sodiiim salt (l) 48 SULPHOSOL (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A naphthenic soap recommended by the manufacturer as a general low- cost emulsifying agent. A semi-viscous fluid, cherry color, with slight odor. Sp. gr. (20° C.), 1.01. Neutral. Effective in the cold, yielding oil-in-v;ater emulsions. Recommended "by the manufacturer as a base for soluble oils, (l) Chemical composition Naphthenic soap (l) SUIPHOSOPE-E (Beacon Company) ■ ■ Description, properties, uses A naphthenic soap recommended by the manufacturer as a general low- cost emulsifying agent. A Vxscous fluid, reddish-brown color, v;ith slight odor. Sp . gr. (20° C.) 1.03. Neutral. Effective in the cold, yielding oil-in-water emulsions, (l) Chemical composition " ' ' Naphthenic sorp (l) SUIPHOSOPE-E (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A naphthenic soap recommended by the manufacturer as a general low-cost emulsifying agent, A viscous fluid, brown color, v/ith slight odor, Sp, gr, (20° C,), 1.03. Alkaline reaction. Effective in the cold, yielding water-in-oil emulsions, (l) Chemical composition Naphthenic soap (l) SURFA:-: "a"-(E, p. Houghton & Co,) ... Description, properties, uses A chemically neutral v/etter and detergent, resistant to acids, alkalies and hard water, A light-colored granular pov/der. Recoiamendod by the manufacturer for processing of textiles, leather, paper; also for fruit vfashing and general detergent uses, (l) Chemical composition Alkylated aromatic sulfonate (l) SimPAX ¥, 0. (S. F. Ho\ighton & Co.) Description, properties, uses Light-brown, slightly viscous liquid (2). ■Jetting and finishing lio^uid for the textile industry. A penetrant and softener, (l) Chemical composition Patty oil sulfate (l)' ■ > • . . . SUSPE'TDITE (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) • Description, properties, uses A modified 'colloidal clay having- good emulsifying pov/ers. 45f- in water, made slightly all-raline, gives a gel. Stable in acid solutions, (l) Chemical compositio'n A colloidal clay (l) - 49 - TAH R7.M0Vii:R "P" (Hercules Pov/der Co.) Description, properties, uses Amber, mobile liquid (?)« A determent dosi^^ned particularly for the removal of tar spots from wool in process. Generally applicable as a detergent in tlie textile industry, (l) Chemical composition A soluble oil containing aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and pine oil, with a base of sulfated castor oil. Is alkaline on pH scale. Contains about 25^ water, (l) TENSOL (Synthetic Chemicals, Inc.) •Boscriptlun, proportios, usos Sfown Mto (2) ' , , Disporser and omnlsifior for the textile and cosmetic industries (4) Chemical composition A sulfonated other (4) TERGITOL 4 (Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.) Description, jjroperties, uses Light-yellow color, transparent (S), A liquid dispersion of a sodium sulfate of a higher synthetic alcohol. Density, 8,83 lb, per c';;al . at 20^ C,; alkalinity, less than 2.0^^ calculated as NapCO„; contains no iron; color is not darker than a 0»0007 U iodine solution. Due to its solubility properties, Tergitol 4 is more effective than other Tergitols for solutions con- taining intermediate concentrations (0,5 to 5,0';^) of dissolved materials (acids, bases, salts, organic comipounds, etc.). Useful in 5/0 mineral acid solutions; stable in hypochlorite and acid peroxide bleach liquors. Effective in kier-boiling, mercerizing, carbonizing, felting, and scouring operations. A wetter, dispersant, penetrant "and -detergent . (l) Chemical composition Sodium sulfate of a higher synthetic secondarj' alcohol. See U. S. patent 2,088,014. (l) TERGITOL 7 (Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.) Description, properties, uses Light-yellow color, transparent (2), A liquid dispersion (25^) of a sodium sulfate of a higher synthetic alcohol. Density, 8,54 lb. per gal, at 20° C; alkalinity, less than 2.0^ calculated as NagCO., ; contains no iron; color is not darker than a 0,0007 IT iodine solution. Due to its solubility properties, Tergitol 7 is more effective than other Tergitols for solutions con- taining relatively small concentrjitions (up to 0.5^) of dissolved materials (acids, bases, salts, organic compounds, etc,). Applicable in wool, cotton, silk, rayon, leather and paper processing; good omulsifior for low viscosity hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. A wetter, dispersant, penetrant and detergent, (l) Chemical composition Sodium sulfate of a higher synthetic secondary alcohol. Sec U. S, patent 2,088,019. (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 25,9 I, T,, 2.6 S, C., ^-2.0 - 50 ^ TERaiTOL 8 (Cartide and Carbon Chemicals Corp.* Description, properties, uses Light-yollow color, transparent (2). A liquid dispersion of a codiiim sulfate of a higher synthetic klcohol. Density, 9.44 lb. per gal. at 20° C; alkalinity, less than 2.0^ calculated as Ua^CO-^; contains no iron; color is not darker than a 0.0007 N iodine solution. Due to its solubility properties, Tergitol 8 is more effective than other Tergitols for solutions containing high concentrations (greater thvan 5.0^) of dissolved materials (acids, bases, salts, arganic compounds, etc.). Stable in concentrated acids; stable in 25-percent caustic soda at its boiling point. Valuable in mercerizing processes. A wetter, dispersant, penetrant and detergent, (l) Chemical co^iposition 40^ solution of sodium 2-ethyl hexyl sulfate in v/ater (l) TETEAPOTASSIUM PYROPHOSPHATE (Monsanto Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses White, anhydrous, pov/der. Solubility at 25° C, 190 grams in 100 grams of vater. Slightly more hygroscopic than glycerine. Suggested for use in shampoos and liquid soaps, in textile oils and soaps, and in wool scouring. A soap builder with high solubility, emulsifying ability and power to suppress formation of insoluble soaps, (l) Chemical composition Tetra potassium pyrophosphate, K^P^Oy. (l) TSTEAS0DIU14 PTROPHOSPHATE (American Cyanaraid & Chemical Corp.) (E. I, du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.) (Victor Chemical V/orks) Description, properties, uses Emulsifier and soap builder (l) Chemical composition Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, Ha.P^Or,. (l) TSTRE AinO LirCLEATS (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A tan-colored paste emulsifier for emulsifying oils and waxes, (l) TETRE Ai^INE OLSATE (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A brovm paste emulsifier. Recommended by the manufacturer for fluid emulsions, (l) TETRE AMIi^TE STEARjlTE (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses A light-colored wax. RecoiTmiendcd by the manufacturer for use in cosmetics and other bodied emulsions, (l) TEXTILE ESCOLITS (Ccwlcs Detergent Co.) Description, properties, uses Scouring agent for the textile industry (l) Chemical composition Sodium silico aluminatc, U. S. patent 1,419,625 (3) 51 - TSAHOLIN (Hercules Powder Co.) Description, properties, user- Light-brown, viscous, liquid emulsion (2). 'fetter, dye-leveller and finishing agent for the textile industry. Smulsifier for pine oil, minaral oils and somo vegetable oils, (l) Chemical composition A v/ell- sulfated olive oil. Is acid on pH scale. Total fats by other extraction, 68^^. Contains no free mineral acid, (l) TRIETI-LUIOLMIIIS STEi\Ei\T3 (Beacon Company) Description, properties, uses Ambor-colorcd paste, faint nrjnoniaoal odor. Sp. gr., slightly less than v/atcr. Soluble in alcohol; very soluble in hydrocarbons; dispcrciblc in hot water. Recommended by the manfacturcr for pre- par;ation of leather dressings, polishes, cosmetics, sizing and v/atorproofing emulsions. Eraulsifier, (l) Chemical composition Triethanolamine stcaratc (l) TRIG.VMIKS (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A fairly viscous, light-colored liquid with a pleasant odor. Completely soluble in v/ater, glycerin, the glycols, and 50/^ alcohol. Immiscible v/ith oils and hydrocarbon solvents. Specific gravity, 1,1 7 at 25^/25° C A 10^ solution has pH of 9.7. Practically non-hygroscopic at ordinary humidities. On heating, loses a small amount of mclecularly combined water and its neutralization equivalent rises. May be substituted for triethanolamine in most cases of saponification and emulsification. (l) TRIGAI^I1^IE STE.\RiiT5] (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, \ises Light-colored, odorless, wax-like solid. Melting point, 49° C. Does not oxidize or discolor with age. Emulsions made with it are stable and remain white indefinitely. Melts to a thin liquid v;hich is easy to mix. Emulsifier. (l) TRIKYDROXYETHYLAMIllE STEARATE (T.S.S.) (Glyco Products Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A light-brovra, ^vax-iike material; faint fatty odor. Emulsifier. (l) Chemical composition Trihydroxyethylamine stearato (l) Surface properties (P.) S. T,,"25,6 I. T., 14,2 S, C, -9.3 TRIMETHYLOLAI'^IIJOMETHAKE (Commercial Solvents Corp.) Description, proT)erties, uses Light-colored, crystalline solid (2). Tatty acid salts of this compound used as wetters, emulsifiers, detergents, (l) Chemical composition ' ' " Patty acid salts of named compound (l) - 52 - TRITON 720 (Hohrn & Haas Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses White, slightly viscous emulsion (2). A commercial detergent recommended "by the manufacturer for the removal of lead and arsenic residue from spra3/ed fruits, the degreasing of hides in the leather industry, for soaping and scouring operations in the textile industry, and for general cleaning and washing purposes, (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated ether (l) TRITOl'^ 812 (Rolim & Kaas Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses A pov/dered wetting and penetrating agent, highly effective in alkaline solutions. Recommended by the manufacturer as a metal cleaner, and for use in cleaners containing large quantities of soda ash or sodium metasilicate , (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated other (l) TRITON M-25 (Rohm cS: Haas Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses Brovm-colored, mohile liquid, VJetter, particularly for solutions containing 20^ or more of caustic alkali, (l) Chemical composition Sodium salt of an organic ether acid (l) Surface properties (s) S. T., 29.8 I. T., 9.5 S. C, -8.8. TRITOi: S-18 (Rohm & Haas Co., Inc,) Description, properties, uses Red-hrovm, transparent, slightly visco\is liquid (2), Wetter and omulsificr in lubricants (4). Chemical composition Quaternary ammonium salt (4) TRITON S-51 (r.ohm & Haas Company, Inc.) No longer manufactured. Replaced by Triton 720, TRITON V;-30 (Rohm & Haas Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses Amber-colored, mobile liquid, Wetter and disperser. May be used in alkaline, neutral, or acid media-. Resists forYnafion of calciiim and magnesium soaps. Recommended by the manufacturer as a general v;etting and penetrating agent in textile processing, (l) Chemical composition Sulfonated aromatic ether alcohol (l) Surface properties (2) S. T., 29.0 I. T., 9.2 S. C, -7.7 - 53 - TURKELEInTE (Glyco Products Co., InC.) DoBcription, properties, uses • Non-viscous, amlDcr-colorGd oil, neutral to phcnolphthaloin. Forms a milky dispersion in water; raixoG clear with one to three parts mineral oil, Rcplacci-, sulfonated oils in many cases, Eraulsificr, (l) Surface properties (s) • S. T,, 28.1 I. T., 5.9 S. C., -3.5 TURKEY RED OIL (Hercules Powdor Co.) Description, properties, uses Amber, viscous liquid (s). A wetter, dyo-lovcllcr and finishinj?- agent for the textile industry, Emulsifier for pino oil. (l) Chemical composition A sulfated castor oil containing?; an average amount of combined SO,,, and fairly high content of combanod alkali, AD.kaline on pH scalo^ Total fats by other extraction, 42^, (l) TYLOSE SL 100 (General Dycstuff Corp.) Description, properties, uses Dry product resembling paper pulp, (S), A colbid with svrelling proj)erties, solutions of vfhich have marked lathering, emulsifying anc\ detergent properties. Especially suited for admixture to soaps, (l) ULTHAVON K (Ciba Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses Light-'tan, fine pov/der (s). Detergent for the textile industry (4) Chemical composition Sulfonate of complex otearyl alkyl compound (4) ULTRA VOM ¥ (Ciba Co., Inc.) Description, properties, uses . ' ' Light-tan, fine powdor (2). Detergent for the textile industry (4) C hem i c al c mp o c i t :\ n Sulfonate of coiaplex stoaryl alkyl compound (4) ULTRAWET (Atlantic Refining Co.) Description, properties, uses Pale-yellow flakes. Solubility in distilled water, 100 g. per 100 cc. at 77° E,; pH of 6 g. per liter solution, 7.2, Not- precipitated by 300 p,p,ra. of calcium, magnesium or iron. VJcttcr, for all uses, (l) Chemical composition Water-soluble sodium sulfonate of petroloujn hydrocarbons (average of 16 carbon atoms in hydrocarbon molecule) (l). Aromatic monosodiixm sulfonate (4) . Surface properties (2) S. T,, 33.8 I. T., 1.8 S. C., -5.1 - 54 - ULTROIL (Hercules Powder Co.) Description, properties, uses Amter, viscous liquid (2). A wetter, dye leveller and finishing a^^ent for the textile industry/. Can be used very satisfactorily as an emulsifior for pine oil. (l) Chemicixl composition A sulfated castor oil containing a comparatively high percentage of comhinod SOg. Is acid on pH scale but contains no free mineral acid. Total fats by ether extraction, 65^, (l) UMITEX (Commonwealth Color & Chemical Co.) Description, properties, uses A coarse, practically v/hite powder. Readily, soluble in hot water up to aboTit 10^. Not affected by hard v;ater, calcium salts and magnesium salts, Bosistant to boiling 10^ caustic soda and 15^ sulphuric acid; also resist".nt to oxidation by hypochlorite or peroxide bleaching liquors. Rinses easily and improves the rinsibility of soap. Does not hydrolizc in solution; solutions arc neutral in reaction; useful as a textile auxiliary, A wetter, penetrant, detergent and adjuvant to soaps, (1) VATSOL OS (American Cyanamid & Chemical Corp,) Description, properties, uses Yellow-brown powder, somewhat hygroscopic (2). Neutral; stable in acid and alkaline solutions; compatible vrith all spray materials; not suitable v;ith arsenate of lead as it does not build up a deposit and the residue readily washes off vrith rain. Strengths of l/4 to I/2 lb, per 100 gal, of water do not injure apple foli-ge. Same as Aerosol OS, (l) Chemical comi)osition Sodium salt of an alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acid, practically 100^ pure, (1) Surface properties (2) S. T., 55.9 I. T,, 7,4- S. C, -12.8 VATSOL OT (American Cyanamid & Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses Resembles paraffin in appearance. Practically non-hygro scope pellets (2) Same as Aerosol OT . Wetter and scouring agnot , (l) Chemical composition A dioctj'l ester of sodium sulfo succinate (l) Surface -Dro-oerties (2) S. T,, 25.9 I. T,, 2.0 S. C, +2,6 VATSOL OTC (American Cyanajnid & Chemical Corp.) Description, properties, uses This is Vatsol OT ground with a dry diluent (sodium sulfate). Stable for a few hours in dilute alkaline and acid solutions. Neutral in reaction and compatible with the common spray materials. V/etter and scouring agont. (l) Chemical composition A dioctyl ester of sodium sulfo succinate, plus sodium sulfate (l) Surface properties (2) S, T,, 28,2 I. T,, 3.7 S, C,, -1.4 - 55 - VIRIFOAM A (Glyco Products Co., InC,) Description, proporties, uses A light-colored powder, completely soluble in water. Suggested for the manufacture of sta'ble foam and lather in aqueous solutions, as in soapless sl:ampoos, tooth pastes, shaving creams. Penetrant and wotting agent, (l) VOLCLAY I\'JK (American Colloid Company) Description, properties, uses A specially prepared pure hcntonito (United States Patent No. 2,036,517) which has suspending, spreading, adhesive and emulsifying properties. Recommended by the manufacturer as a dispersing agent for solids in a- queous media, as an adjuvant to soaps and other detergents, for pre- paring insecticidal dusts and oil emulsions, and as a constituent of medicinal and cosmetic preparations, pH of aqueous suspension, about 9,2, Prepared in two grades v;hich differ only in dry grain size, and which give the same results when in suspension, (l) Chemical composition About 90fs montmorillonite, which has the approximate chemical formula: H20.(Al203, Pe203,3MgO),4Si02 +■ n HgO The remaining ten percent consists of small fractions of various clay minerals such as feldspar, gypsum, beidellitc, calcium carbonate, (l) WETANOL (Glyco Products Co., InC.) Description, properties, uses A light-colored, practically odorless pov/der. Effective in acids, salts, hard water, and alkalies. Recommended by the manufacturer for textile scouring, leather and paper impregnation, and as a constituent of cosmetics and polishes. Wetting and emulsifying agent, (l) Chemical co;npooition Modified sulfated fatty acid ester (4) WETSIT (Jacques V7olf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Brovm, mobile liquid (2), Wetter for the textile and paper industries (l). Chemical composition Alkylated aromatic sulfonate (l) WOLPCO SCOUR W-952-B (Jacques Wolf & Co.) Description, properties, uses Brov/n, transparent, mobile liquid (2). Detergent for the textile industry (l) , Chemical composition Emulsion of chlorinated solvents (l) WOLPCO SOLVENT (Jacques V^olf & Co,) Description, properties, uses Light-brovm, viscou.s liquid (2). Detergent for the textile and laundry industries (l). Chemical composition Saponified animal fats with solvents (l) UNIVERSITY OF FL ORinA lliiiiiilliiilllillillii ^ r- ^ ^ ''2^2 09224 7047 XYIJOMIKES (Ony^ Oil and Chemical Go.) Description, properties, usee Light-tan paste (2), Wetter and detergent for the textile industry (4), Chemical composition Siilfonated fatty acid condensates (4) YARiMOR 302 (Hercnlos Powder Co.) Description, properties, uses A wator-v;hite liquid; mild pine odor. Typical analysis: Sp. Gr, at 15.50 C, 0.947. Refractive index at 20° C, 1.4833. Un- polymerized residue, 0,4f;. Moisture, 0.2^c, Flashpoint (Cleveland open cup), 79° C. Viscosity, Sayl)olt, at 100° F., 69 Sec. Color (Lovihond 500 Amter), 3. A.S.T.M, distillation; 5fj at 216.2° C., 95^- at 225,0° C. A wetting and penetrating agent used in the textile, insecticide, disinfectant, paint and varnish fields, (l) Chemical composition A pine oil fraction; contains terpenc alcohols and terpenc hydro- carhons (4) YELKIN "S" (Ross and Rowc, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Yellow to "brown syrupy liquid. Soluble in mont organic solvents, in vegetable and anim.al fats and oils, and in petroleum oils and solvents. Partly soluble in alcohol and acetone. Readily dispersible in water. Used as a v/etting and dispersing agent for finely divided solids in aqueous solutions, as a v/etting and leveling agent in the dyeing of textiles, and as emulsifying agent for oil in v;ator emulsions, (l) Chemical composition Soybean lecithin, specially treated to render it v/ator dispersible . (l) YSLKIN "T" (Ross and Rowe, Inc.) Description, properties, uses Yellov/ to brown waxy substance (available in three grades) ; practically no odor; non-toxic. Soltible in most organic solvents; partly soluble in acetone and alcohol; soluble in vegetable and animal fats and oils and in petroleum oils and solvents; sv/ells in water and forms a colloidal solution; lowers surface tension of oils and lowers interfacial tension in oil-water and oil-solid systems. '/Jetting agent and dispersing agent in paints and rubber; lubricating and softening agent in textile and finishing oils; wetting agent in insecticides. (l) Chemical composition Organic phosphatide, chiefly soybean lecithin (l)