U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS— BULLETIN NO. 112. A. C. TRUE, Director. Agricultural Experiment Stations FOREIGN COUNTRIES. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. OFFICE OF EXPERIMENT STATIONS. A. C. True, Ph. D. — Director. E. W. Allen, Ph.D. — Assistant Director and Editor of Experiment Station Record, W. H. Beal — Editor of Experiment Station Work and .Vise, I famous Publications. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENTS. E. W. Ai.lkn, Ph. D.,and H. W. Lawson — Chemistry, Dairy Farming, and Dairying. W. H. Beal — Meteorolog;/, Fertilizers and Soils (includi)aj methods cjf analysis), and Agricultural Engineering. Walter II. Evans, Ph.D. — Botany and Diseases of Plants. C. F. LiANGWOBTHY, Ph. D. — Foods and Aniimd Production. J. I. Schllte — Fit Id Crops. K. Y. Wilcox, Ph.D. — Entomology and Veterinary Science. C. B. Smith — Horticulture. D. J. Crosby — Agricultural Inst it at ions. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Office of Experiment Stations, Washington, D. C, April i, 1902. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on experiment stations in foreign countries, prepared under my direction by Mr. D. J. Crosby, with the assistance of Miss M. T. Spethmann. A part of the general review given in the introduction is taken from an editorial by Dr. E. W. Allen in the Experiment Station Record. The publication of a comprehensive account of the agricultural experiment stations in the United States in Bulletin No. 80 of this Office led to a consider- able demand for information of this kind relating to the stations in foreign countries, regarding which published statements have hitherto been exceedingly meager. This report is therefore submitted with the recommendation that it be published as Bulletin No. 112 of this Office. Respectfully, A. C. True, Director. Hon. James Wilson. Secrt t Brandon: Experimental Farm for .Manitoba 7.'! Indian Head: Experimental Farm lor the Northwest Terri- tories 73 Nappan: Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces... 74 Calgary: Irrigation Experiment Station 74 Guelph 74 Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm 74 Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union 7-"> Montreal: University Botanic Garden 70 Ontario Fruit Experiment Stations 70 Ottawa: Botanic Garden 77 Truro: Provincial Farm 77 Wolf vi He: Nova Scotia School of Horticulture 77 ('ape of Good Hope 77 Cape Town 77 Department of Agriculture 77 Analytical Laboratory 7S Cape Government Herbarium 78 Flsenburg: School of Agriculture 7S Ceylon 78 Peradeniya: Department of Royal Botanic Gardens 78 Chile 70 Santiago: Agronomic Station, Chemical Laboratory, and Veterinary Hospital 70 1 >enmark 80 Copenhagen: Department of Agriculture - B0 Aarhus: Moor Experiment Station so Ascov: Experiment station so CojM'nhagen 80 Agricultural and Fxperimental Laboratory SO Chemical Laboratory and Control Station 81 Seed Control Station HI Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology 82 Carlsberg Physiological Laboratory S2 CONTENTS. 9 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Denmark — Continued. Page. Lyngby: Experiment Station 82 Tystofte: Experiment: Station 82 Yester-Hassing: Experiment Station 83 Egypt 83 Cairo: Khedivial Agricultural Society 83 France 83 Paris: Ministry of Agriculture 83 Alais: Station for Sericulture 84 Amiens: Agricultural Station 84 Arras: Agricultural Station 84 Auxerre: Agricultural Station 85 Banyuls: Fish Culture Station 85 Beaune: OEnological Station of Bourgogne 85 Besancon: Agricultural Station of Franche-Comte 85 Bethune: Agricultural Laboratory 86 Blois: Agricultural Station 86 Bordeaux: Agricultural and CEnologieal Station 86 Boulogne-sur-Mer 87 Fish Culture Station 87 Agricultural Laboratory 87 Caen: Agricultural Station 87 Capelle: Agricultural Experiment Station 88 Chalons: Agricultural Laboratory 88 Chartres: Agricultural Station 88 Chateauroux: Agricultural Station 88 Cluny: Agricultural Laboratory 89 Cognac: Station for Viticulture 89 Commercy: Agricultural Laboratory 89 Dijon: Agricultural Station 89 Endoume: Marine Zoological Laboratory 90 Epinal: Agricultural Laboratory 90 Foix: Agricultural Laboratory 90 Fontainebleau: Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology 91 Grignon: Agricultural Station 91 Juvisy: Station of Agricultural Climatology 92 Laon : Agricultural Station and Bacteriological Laboratory 92 Laval: Agricultural Laboratory 93 Les Sables d'Olonne: Zoological Laboratory 93 Lezardeaux: Agricultural Station 93 Lille: Agricultural Station 93 Lyon: Agricultural Station 94 Mamirolle: Dairy Station 94 Manosque: Station for Sericulture 94 Marseille 94 Agricultural Laboratory 94 Laboratory for Technical Tests 94 Melun: Agricultural Station 95 Meudon: Station of Vegetable Physiology 95 Montpellier 95 CEnologieal Station 95 Station for Sericulture 96 Agricultural Station 96 10 CONTENTS. Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. France — Continued. Page. Nancy: Agricultural Station 97 Nantes: Agricultural Station of the Pasteur Institute 97 Narbonne: (Enological Station 98 Nevers: Agricultural Laboratory 98 Nimes 98 Agricultural Laboratory 98 (Enological Station 99 Nogent-sur-Marne: Colonial Garden (Colonial ( rarden of Vincennes) . 99 Olinet: Laboratory 100 Orleans: Agricultural Laboratory 100 Paris 100 Station of Agricultural Entomology 100 Agricultural Station of the East 100 Laboratory of Fermentations 101 Station of Vegetable Pathology 101 Station for Testing Seeds 101 Station for Testing Agricultural Implements 102 Laboratory of the General Transportation Company 102 P^tre: Agricultural Station 102 Poitiers: Agricultural Laboratory 102 Rennes: Agricultural Station 103 Bethel: Agricultural Station 103 Rouen 103 Agricultural Station 103 Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology 104 Saint-Etienne: Agricultural Laboratory 104 Toulouse 104 Agricultural Station 104 (Enological Station 105 Tours: Agricultural Laboratory 105 Versailles 105 Agricultural Laboratory 105 Laboratory of Horticultural Research 106 Villefranche: Station for Viticulture 106 French Kongo 106 Libreville: Experiment Station 106 German East Africa 106 Usambara: Agricultural Experiment Station 106 Germany 107 Arendsee: Seed Control Station 107 Augsburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 108 Augustenberg: Agricultural Experiment Station 108 Berlin 109 Institute for Fermentation Industries and Starch Manufacture. . . 109 Experiment Station of the German Agricultural Society 109 Experiment Station for Milling 110 Biological Division for Agriculture and Forestry of the Royal Board of Health 110 Chemical Laboratory of the Beet-Sugar Makers' Union of Ger- many 110 Bernburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 110 CONTENTS. 1 1 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Germany — Continued. Page. Bonn Ill Agricultural Experiment Station Ill Institute of Animal Physiology ( Popplesdorf ) Ill Agricultural Experiment Station of the Agricultural Academy (Popplesdorf) 112 Bremen: Moor Experiment Station 112 Bremervorde: Seed Control Station of the Agricultural School 113 Breslau 113 Agricultural Botanical Experiment and Seed Control Station 113 Agricultural Experiment and Control Station 113 Agricultural Chemical and Bacteriological Institute 113 Institute for Agricultural Plant Production 114 University Institute of Animal Chemistry 114 Brunswick: Experiment Station 114 Colmar: Agricultural Experiment Station 114 Dahme: Agricultural Experiment Station 115 Danzig: Agricultural Experiment and Seed Control Station 115 Darmstadt 115 Agricultural Experiment Station 115 Dairy Experiment Station 116 Dobeln: Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 116 Dresden 117 Chemical and Physiological Experiment Station 117 Experiment Station for Plant Culture 117 Ebstorf: Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding stuffs, etc 117 Eldena: Control Station 117 Fried berg: School for Pomology and Agricultural Winter School 118 Fulda: Dairy Experiment Station 118 Geisenheim-on-the-Rhine: Experiment Station for Pomology, Viti- culture, and Gardening 118 Gottingen 119 Animal Physiological Experiment Station 119 Kxperiment Field of the Agricultural Institute 119 Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding Stuffs, and Seeds 120 Halle-on-the-Salle 120 Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 120 Experiment Station for Plant Protection 121 Physiological Laboratory, Experiment Field, and Park for Do- mestic Animals 121 Hamburg 122 Agricultural Botanical Experiment Station 122 Botanical Museum and Laboratory for Commercial Products 122 Hamburg-Horn: Agricultural Experiment Station for the Study of Plant Growth 122 Hameln: Dairy Experiment Station 122 Ilildesheim: Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Hohenheim: Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Institute 123 Insterburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 124 Jena: Agricultural Experiment and Control Station 124 Kaiserlautern: District Agricultural Field and Experiment Station .. L2J5 Kempen-on-the-Rhine: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station .. 125 12 CONTENTS. Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Germany — Continued. Page. Kiel 125 Agricultural Experiment Station _ 125 Seed Control Station 126 Kleinhof-Tapiau: Dairy Experiment Station and Institute 126 Konigsberg 127 Agricultural Experiment Station 127 Dairy Laboratory 127 Koslin: Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station. 127 Leipzig: Agricultural Institute of the University 128 Marburg: Agricultural Experiment Station 128 Mecklenburg-Schwerin : Dairy Laboratory 128 Mockern: Royal Agricultural Experiment Station 129 Munich 129 Central Agricultural Experiment Station 129 Experiment Station for Agricultural Physics and Physiology 130 Station for Scientific Brewing 130 Mi'inster: Agricultural Experiment Station 130 Oldenburg-on-the-Main: Experiment and Control Station 131 Pommritz: Experiment Station for Upper Lustatia 131 Posen-Jersitz: Agricultural Experiment Station 131 Proskau 132 Dairy Institute 132 Experiment Station for Plant Physiology 132 Rostock: Experiment Station 132 Sorau: Flax Culture Station 133 Speier: Agricultural Experiment Station 133 Tharand: Station for Plant Physiology and Seed Control 133 Triesdorf: Agricultural Experiment Station 134 Tubingen: Forestry Experiment Station 134 Weihenstephan: Laboratories of the Royal Academy of Agriculture and Brewing 134 Weinsberg: Viticultural Experiment Station 135 Wiesbaden: Experiment Station 135 Wreschen: Dairy Institute 135 Wurzburg: District Agricultural Experiment Station 135 Gold Coast 136 Aburi: Botanic Garden 136 Great Britain 136 London: Board of Agriculture 136 Institutions subsidized by the Board of Agriculture 137 Aspley Guise: Agricultural Experiment Station 138 Cambridge: University Botanic Garden 139 Camden Town, London: Royal Veterinary College 139 Chelmsford: Essex Technical Laboratories, Essex County Council ... 139 Cirencester: Royal Agricultural College and Farm 139 Dublin 140 Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland. 140 Royal Dublin Society 140 Irish Agricultural Organization Society 141 Trinity College Botanic Gardens.. 141 Edinburgh (Pumpherston) : Experiment Station of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland 141 CONTENTS. 13 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc.— Continued. Great Britain — Continued. Page. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden 141 Glasgow 141 The West of Scotland Agricultural College 141 Botanic Gardens : 141 Glasnevin, Dublin: Royal Botanic Gardens 141 Grange-over-Sands, Lancashire: Aynsome Experiment Station 141 Harpenden: Rothamsted Agricultural Experiment Station 142 Kew : Royal Gardens 142 Norwood: Botanical Department, Royal Agricultural Society 146 Oxford: University Botanic Garden 146 Woburn: Woburn Experimental Fruit Farm 146 Hungary 146 Budapest: Ministry of Agriculture 146 Altenburg 147 Plant Culture Experiment Station 147 Experiment Station for Agricultural Implements 147 Station for Seed Control and Plant Physiology and Pathology . . . 147 Chemical Experiment Station 148 Budapest '. 148 Entomological Station 148 Station for Animal Physiology and Nutrition 148 Central Seed Control Institution 149 Chemical Experiment Station 149 Debreczen 150 Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture 150 Chemical Experiment Station 150 Fiume: Chemical Experiment Station 150 Kaschau: Chemical Experiment Station 151 Keszthely: Chemical Experiment Station 151 Klausenburg: Chemical Experiment Station 151 Pressburg: Chemical Experiment Station . 151 Selmeczbanya: Central Station of Forestry 151 India '151 Agra: Taj Garden 151 Allahabad: Botanic Garden 151 Bangalore 152 Mysore Department of Agriculture 152 Botanic Gardens 152 Baroda: Botanic Garden 152 Bombay: Municipal Garden 152 Calcutta: Agri-Horticultural Society of India 152 Cawnpore: Botanic Gardens 152 Darbhangah: Maharajah's Garden 152 Darjeeling: Lloyd Botanic Garden 152 Dumraon: Dumraon Experimental Farm 152 Ghorpuri: Botanic Garden 153 Gotaiya: Cawnpore Experimental Farm 153 Gwalior: Botanic Garden 153 Karachi: Municipal Garden 153 Kumaon (Ramghur): Botanic Garden 153 Lahore: Botanic Garden 153 Luck now: Government Horticultural Garden 154 14 CONTENTS. Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. India — Continued. Page. Madras: Agri-Horticultural Society 154 Morvi : Botanic Garden 154 Mungpoo: Government Cinchona Plantations 154 Nagpur 154 Experimental Farm 154 Horticultural Gardens of the Central Provinces 155 Ootacumund 155 Botanic; Garden 155 Government Cinchona Plantations 155 Pala: Burdwan Experimental Farm 155 Poona 156 Government Experimental Farm 156 Botanic Department of the College of Science 156 Crop Experiments 156 Sana ran pur 156 Botanic Department, Northern India 156 Botanic Gardens 156 Saidapet: Saidapet Experimental Farm 156 Shillong: Crop Experiments in Assam 157 Sibpur 157 Department of Royal Botanic Gardens 157 Experimental Farm of the Civil Engineering College 157 Surat: Government Experimental Farm 157 Taunggyi: Division of Experimental Cultivation 158 Trivandrum: Museum and Botanic Gardens 158 Udaipur: Botanic Garden 158 Italy 158 Rome: Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Commerce 158 Asti: (Enological Station 159 Florence: Entomological Station 159 Forli: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 160 Lodi: Experiment Station for Cheese Making 160 Milan: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 160 Modena: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 161 Padua: Sericultural Station 161 Palermo: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 162 Pavia: Cryptogamic Laboratory •. 162 Portici: Royal Agricultural High School 162 Rome 163 Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology 163 Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 163 Scandicci: Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 164 Turin: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 164 Udine: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 164 Agricultural chemical laboratories 164 Japan 165 Tokyo: The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce 165 Kinngasa, near Kyoto: Sericultural Institution 166 Nishigahra, near Tokyo 166 Central Agricultural Experiment Station.. 166 Tokyo Sericultural Institution 167 Tokai Branch Station 168 Other branch stations 168 CONTENTS. 15 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Page- Java 169 Buitenzorg: Botanic Station 169 Kagok, Pekalongan: West Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station 170 Klatten: Experiment Station for Indigo 171 Pasoeroean: East Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station 171 Kongo Free State 171 Coquithatville: Botanical Garden and Experiment Station 171 Malta 171 Sant' Antonio Gardens 171 Argotti Botanic Garden 171 Madagascar 172 Nahanisana: Agricultural Experiment Station ; 172 Mauritius 172 Curepipe: Botanic Gardens 172 Pamplemousses : Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens 172 Reduit 172 Agricultural Station 172 Botanic Gardens 172 Natal 173 Durban: Botanic Gardens 173 Pietermaritzburg: Botanic Gardens 173 Netherlands 173 Classes of experimental institutions 173 Amsterdam: Willie Commelin Scholten Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology 174 Goes: Government Agricultural Experiment Station 174 Groningen: Government Agricultural Experiment Station 175 Hoorn: Government Agricultural Experiment Station 175 Maastricht: Government Agricultural Experiment Station 175 Wageningen 176 Central Agricultural Experiment Station 176 Government Seed Control Station 176 Experimental fields 177 New Zealand 178 Wellington: New Zealand Department of Agriculture 178 Auckland: Colonial Botanic Garden 178 Christchurch : Colonial Botanic Garden 178 Dunedin: Colonial Botanic Garden 178 Invercargill: Colonial Botanic Garden 178 Lincoln: Canterbury Agricultural College 178 Napier: Colonial Botanic Garden 178 Wairangi: Experimental Station 179 Waverly : Momohaki Experimental Station 179 Wellington: Colonial Botanic Garden 179 Weraroa: Experimental Station 179 Norway 180 Christiania: Department of Agriculture 180 Aas 180 Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School 180 Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultural High School 181 Bergen: Milk Control Station 181 . Christiania 181 Agricultural Chemical Control Station 181 Milk Control Station 182 Seed Control Station 182 Veterinary Pathological and Animal Vaccine Institutes L82 16 CONTENTS. Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Norway — Continued. Page. Hamar: Seed Control Station 183 Nordstrand, near Christiania: Entomological Laboratory 183 Trondhjem 183 Milk Control Station 183 Agricultural Chemical Control Station 183 Seed Control Station 184 Paraguay 184 Asuncion: School of Agriculture and Model Farm 184 Portugal 184 Lisbon 184 Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 184 Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology 185 Mirandella: Agricultural Experiment Station 185 Oporto: Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 185 Roumania 185 Bucharest 185 Agricultural Experiment Station 185 Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture. 185 Zootechnical Institute 185 Constante: Experiment Field for Forage Plants and Irrigation 185 Russia 185 St. Petersburg: Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains 185 Abo: Agricultural Chemical and Seed Control Station 187 Aleshki: Nursery of Grapevines 187 Artvina: Nursery for Olive Trees 187 Astrakhan: Laboratory of the Bureau of Fish and Seal Industries 187 Bodrowiz: Experiment Field 187 Bogodukhov: Agricultural Experiment Station 187 Brest: Vuisokolitovsk Experiment Field 188 Buguruslan: Experiment Field 188 Byelgorod: Experiment Field 188 Chojnowo: Agricultural Experiment Station 188 Dmitriev: Uyutnoe Experiment Field 188 Dorogobush: Agricultural Chemical Station 188 Elabug: Experiment Field 189 Eletz: Experiment Field . . 189 Garvolonsk: Agricultural Experiment Station 189 Glazov: Experiment Field 189 Gorki: Experiment Station 189 Gorodische: Flax Culture Station 189 Helsingfors: Agricultural and Commercial Chemical Laboratory 190 Karayazi: Experiment Cotton Field 190 Kazan: Bacteriological Station 190 Khabarovsk: Experiment Field , . 190 Khakanovsk: Experiment Field 190 Kharkov 191 Bacteriological Station 191 Experiment Station 191 Kherson: Experiment Field 191 Kiev 191 Seed Control Station and Chemical Laboratory 191 Seed Control Station 191 Technical Laboratory 191 CONTENTS. 17 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Russia — Continued. Page. Kishinev: Experiment Station 192 Klin: Experiment Field 192 Kotelnich: Buzov Experiment Field 192 Kuchurgan: Buzinovsk Nursery of Grapevines 192 Kungura: Experiment Field 192 Kutais: Experiment Cotton Field 192 Kvirila: Sakarsk Nursery of American Vines 193 Kyoshi: Askhabad Experiment Cotton Field 193 Lipovetz: Station for Seed Selection and Experiment Field 193 Lokhvitza 193 Experiment Tobacco Plantation 193 Experiment Field for Oil-Bearing Plants 193 Luga: Agricultural Experiment Station 194 Lynban: Experiment Field 194 Malmyzh: Kluchi Experiment Field 194 Matnaari: Signakh Experiment Tobacco Plantation 194 R I edtzi : Agricultural Experiment Station 194 Merv: Experiment Cotton Field 195 Mitava: Experiment Field 195 Mogilev: Agricultural Experiment Station 195 Moscow 195 Bacteriological Agricultural Station 195 Experiment Station 195 Biological Laboratory . , . 196 Murashkino: Experiment Field 196 Mustiala: Experiment Station 196 Nikolaev: Experiment Vineyard 196 Nikolaevskoe: Experiment Station 196 Nolinsk: Churakov Experiment Field 196 Novo-Alexandria: Experiment Farm 197 Novocherkassk: Experiment Field 197 Novoe-Selo: Experiment Garden Farm 197 Novosil: Shatilov Agricultural Experiment Station 197 Odessa: Experiment Field 197 . Omsk: Experiment Field 198 Orlov: Experiment Field 198 Osi: Experiment Field 198 Petrovsko-Razumovskoe: Experiment Field 198 Ploti: Agricultural Experiment Station 198 Poltava: Experiment Field 199 Porkhov: Flax Culture Station 199 Riga 199 Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Testing Station 199 Experiment Farm 200 Sadzhavakho: Korei'subansk Nursery of American Vines 200 St. Petersburg 200 Agricultural Bacteriological Laboratory 200 Ichthyological Laboratory 200 Seed Testing Station 200 Agricultural Chemical Laboratory 201 Samara: Experiment Field 201 Smyela: Station for Systematic Selection of Beet Seed 201 22018— No. 11l>— 02 -2 18 CONTENTS. Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Russia — Continued. p age . Sobieszyn, near lvangorod : Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station . 201 Sochi: Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station 201 Sukhum: Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station 202 Tambov: Experiment Field 202 Tashkent: Agricultural Experiment Station 202 Tavastehus (Govt.): Agricultural Botanical Experiment Field 202 Terek (Govt. ) : Experiment Field 202 Tiflis: Silk Culture Station 202 Tver: Seed Testing Station 203 Urzhum: Okum Experiment Field 203 Valuiki: Agricultural Experiment and Seed Control Station 203 Varna vin: Experiment Field of the Vaniavin Zemstvo 203 Velikoe Selo: Peasant Experiment Farm 204 Verkhosunya: Experiment Field 204 Vuisokoe Selo: Experiment Farm 204 Vyatka: Agricultural Experiment Station 204 Warsaw: Seed Testing Station 205 Wesenberg: Agricultural Chemical Laboratory and Control Station.. 205 Yalta 205 CEnological Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Cellar 205 Tobacco Experiment Plantation 205 Yampol: Laboratory of the Derebchina Sugar Factory 205 Yuryev (Dorpat) 205 Chemical Control Station 205 Bacteriological Station 205 Zvenigorod: Station for Seed Selection 206 Experiment fields for the cultivation of sugar beets in Poland 206 Experiment forests 206 Spain 207 Haro: CEnological Station 207 Madrid 207 Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School 207 Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology 207 Viticultural Experiment Station 207 Murcia: Sericultural Station 207 Straits Settlements 207 Penang: Botanic Gardens 207 Singapore: Botanic Gardens 208 Sweden 208 Stockholm: State Department of Agriculture 208 Albano, near Stockholm 208 Entomological Station 208 Experiment Station 209 Boras: Seed Control Station 209 Finspong: Institute for Fish Culture and Fresh Water Biology 210 Gefle: Seed Control Station 210 Goteborg: Seed Control Station 210 Halmstad : Chemical and Seed Control Station 210 Hemse: Seed Control Station 210 Hernosand: Chemical and Seed Control Station 211 Jonkoping 211 Experiment Station of the Swedish Moor Association 211 Seed Control Station 211 CONTENTS. 19 Agricultural experiment stations, departments of agriculture, etc. — Continued. Sweden — Continued. Page. Kalmar: Chemical and Seed Control Station 211 Kristianstad: Seed Control Station •„ 212 Linkuping: Seed Control Station 212 Lulea: Experiment Station for Agricultural Chemistry, Vegetable Physiology, and Seed Control 212 Lund: Seed Control Station 213 Molkom: Seed Control Station 213 Ope, near Estersund: Seed Control Station 213 Orebro: Chemical and Seed Control Station 213 Skara: Chemical and Seed Control Station 214 Stockholm: Seed Control Station 214 Svalof: Experiment Station 211 Ultima, near Upsala: Agricultural Institute 215 Upsala: Seed Control Station 215 Vester&s: Chemical and Seed Control Station 215 Visby: Chemical and Seed Control Station 216 Agricultural chemical stations of agricultural societies 216 Switzerland 216 Bern 216 Department of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture 216 Agricultural Chemical Control Station 217 Bacteriological Experiment Station 217 Lausanne 217 Agricultural Chemical Station 217 Agricultural Experiment Station of the Agricultural Institute 217 Seed Control Station 218 Rutti-Zollikofen: Dairy School 218 Wadensweil: Experiment Station and School for Fruit, Wine, and Garden Culture 219 Zurich 220 Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station 220 Experiment Station for Brewing 220 Seed Control Station 220 Tunis 221 . Tunis 221 Agricultural School 221 Experiment Station 221 Zanzibar 221 Dunga: Agricultural Department 221 Victoria Gardens 221 KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS. Actg., Acting. A d min., Administrator. Agr., Agriculture, Agriculturist, Agricul- tural. Agron., Agronomy, Agronomic. AgL, Agent. Anal., Anatomy. Assoc., Associate. AM., Assistant. Bad., Bacteriology, Bacteriologist, Bac- teriological. Biol., Biology, Biologist, Biological. Bot., Botany, Botanist, Botanical. Chair. , Chai rman . Chem., Chemist, Chemistry, Chemical. Colon., Colonial. Com., Commerce. Comr. , Commissioner. Con., Conductor. Corresp., Correspondent, Correspond- ence. Cur., Curator. Dept., Department. Dir., Director. Div., Division. Econ., Economy, Economic, Economics. Engin., Engineer, Engineering. Engl., English. Ent,, Entomology, Entomologist. Expt., Experiment, Experimental, Ex- perimentalist, Experimenter. Fert., Fertilizer. For., Forestry. Form., Foreman. Gard., Garden, Gardener, Gardening. Geol., Geology, Geologist, Geological. Gov., Governor. Govt., Government. Hort., Horticulture, Horticulturist. Hush., Husbandry, Husbandman. Indus., Industrial, Industries, Industry. Tnsp., Inspector. Inst., Institute. 20 Instr., Instructor. Invest., Investigations. Irrig., Irrigation. Lab., Laboratory. Lect., Lecturer. Libr., Library, Librarian. Much., Machinery. Math ., Mathei aatics. Mech., Mechanics, Mechanical, Mechani- cian. Met., Meteorology, Meteorologist. Mgr., Manager. Micros., Microscopy, Microscopist. Min., Mines, Mining. Minis., Minister. Myc, Mycology, Mycologist. (Enol., Geologist. Orch., Orchardist. /'. but they have been instrumental in improving the average quality of the butter and developing a large export trade. The systems of management and sources of revenue of the foreign stations present a great variety of conditions. In case of the majority of the countries there is a central directing or supervising agency by which the government funds are administered. This central control is quite general in Austria. Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, British West Indies. France. Hungary, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. In these countries the administrative agencies are the state depart- ments or ministries of agriculture. In parts of Australia, notably in New South Wales and in New Zealand, this system also prevails. In Denmark the Government directs many of the agencies for the pro- motion of agriculture through the Royal Danish Agricultural Society. In Holland the stations are under the general management of a com- mittee appointed by the Crown, and in Russia the stations are partly under the supervision of the ministry of agriculture. In Great Britain there can not be said to be any centralizing authority further than that exerted by the board of agriculture, which distributes grants, and the Royal Gardens at Kew. In Germany there is no central authority for the stations in the whole Empire. The Prus- sian stations are affiliated with the ministry of agriculture, domains, and forestry, but there can not be said to exist in Germany any cen- INTRODUCTION. 27 tral administrative authority in the sense in which there is in France, Belgium. Hungary, and other countries. Taken as a whole, the foreign experiment stations are working in the main independently of one another, there being very little coopera- tion among the stations of any country or with the central department of agriculture. This cooperation, which is becoming so extensive in this country, may be regarded as one of the characteristic features of the American system. The information obtained regarding the revenue of the foreign sta- tions is quite fragmentary. A large number of the stations have no fixed or separate revenue. Many of them are operated in connection with other institutions, while others are maintained jointly by govern- ment and local appropriations, together with fees for analysis, some agricultural society supplying the deficit. In most of the control sta- tions and laboratories small fees are charged, and in many cases these constitute quite a large proportion of the revenue of the station. In a large number of instances the total income reported amounts to only a few hundred dollars, but in such cases the station or laboratory is usually connected with some other institution, which probably pays the salaries of the employees. A number of the German and Austrian stations have quite liberal funds for maintenance. For example, the station for moor culture at Bremen received about $lt>,000 in 1900, the experiment station at Vienna over $20,000, and the Halle station over $30,000. while the moor experiment station in Denmark for several years past has expended over $70,000 annually. The latter is conducted by the Danish Heath Society, which carries on two large demonstration tie Ids and about forty small rields. While a number of the German stations receive as high as $15,000 a year from various sources, an income of over $5.<>oi> a year is rather the exception than the rule for European stations, and there are large numbers whose income amounts to only $2,000 or $3,000. These stations, however, are usually at no expense for buildings or for print- ing, the publication of their work in periodicals often being a small source of revenue, and as their fields are quite restricted in area the expense for labor is reduced to a minimum. By the exercise of rigid economy and by confining their efforts to a few specific lines of work many of these stations have accomplished a surprising amount of high- grade work, which has contributed materially to the general sum of human knowledge in the field of agricultural science. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES: ALGERIA. Agricultural and (Enological Station, Algiers. Station staff, — J. Dugast, Dir. The experimental vineyard in connection with this station contains more than 1,000 varieties and was established by Hardy in 1861. The cenological laboratory was opened soon after. Botanical Experiment Station, Rouiba. Station staff.— Dr. L. Trabut. Dir. and Govt. Bot. Origin. — The experimental work has developed gradually from Dr. Trabut's work in charge of the Government Botanical Garden. Equipment. — Botanical garden, farm buildings, and experiment fields containing 90 acres. Income. — The State makes small appropriations for the botanical garden, but no provision for seed and plant introduction or experi- mental work, the former being accomplished by exchange, the latter through Dr. Trabut's personal efforts. Lines of work.— -Trials with native and introduced fruits, including plums, strawberries, apricots, olives, loquats, and oranges: experi- ments with garden vegetables; testing and distributing native and introduced forage plants, especially legumes and drought and alkali- resisting plants; experiments with varieties of wheat and with agaves for the purpose of utilizing waste land. Agricultural School and Experiment Station, Rouiba. Equipment. — Limited laboratory facilities, orangery, grove of euca- lyptus, and field. Lines of work. — Mostly demonstrations of methods of culture. a Thi8 list includes agricultural experiment stations and other institutions in con- nection with which investigations relating to agriculture are conducted. 29 30 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Experiment Garden, Setif. Staff.— Ryf, Mgr. Origin. — Mr. Ryf maintains and controls the trial grounds, and a local society, the Geneva Agricultural and Viticultural Society, coop- erates in the work to the extent of publishing reports. Other similar gardens, some of them entirely maintained b}^ local agricultural and viticultural societies, have been established at Clemsen (G. Soiptur), Oran (Vermail, Agr. of Dept.), Batria (John Wild), Constantine (Paul Pousselot, Agr. of Dept.). and other places in Algeria. Lines of work. — Demonstration experiments in the culture of alfalfa, sulla, and varieties of wheat; investigation of agricultural prob- lems for semiarid regions. Mr. Ryf is conducting a very promising experiment with an alfalfa and wheat rotation in which cultivation during a part of each year is an important factor. ARGENTINA. Office of Agronomy and Animal Husbandry, La Plata. Governi/K/ hoard. — Ministry of Public Works. Station staff. — Ramon Pieres, Dir.; Carlos Lemee, Sec; Dr. Carlos Spegazzini, Bot.; Juan A. Ortiz, Ent.; Ricardo J. Davel, Chem.; Julio J. Bolla, Lao. Asst.; Manual V. Casal, Bad.; Pedro J. Issouribehere, Troweling Insp.; Damian del Castillo, Supt. Baradt ro Agr. Sta.; Juan Ramon Chaves, Supt. CKivilcoy Agr. Sta. Origin. — Established in accordance with the provisions of the law of September 15, 1892. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, waters, feeding stuffs, fertilizers, etc. ; study and classification of wild pasture grasses and cultivated plants; stud}' of diseases of plants and domestic animals and of means for combating them; destruction of noxious insects and propagation of useful insects. Outlying stations are maintained at Baradero and Chivilco}', where meteorological records are kept and field experiments conducted. AUSTRALIA. NEW SOUTH WALES. The New South Wales Department of Agriculture, Sydney. Hon. John L. Fegan, Sec. for Min. and Agr.; D. C. McLachlan, Under Sec. for Min. and Agr.; W. S. Campbell, Chief Insp. of Agr. The New South Wales Department of Agriculture was organized in 1890 and has its headquarters in S} T dne} T , where well-equipped laborato- ries are provided for the use of members of the staff. As an administra- tive body it has the management of the Hawkesbuiy T Agricultural AUSTRALIA. 31 College and Experimental Farm at Richmond, the Botanic Gardens and Domains in Sydney, and the agricultural schools and experimental farms located in various parts of the colony. A staff of experts and inspectors and their assistants, comprising at present about 30 mem- bers, are engaged in research, control, and editorial work. The prin- cipal lines of research conducted at S} 7 dne} T are in chemistry, bac- teriology, vegetable pathology, entomology, viticulture, dairying, and fruit culture. The experts and inspectors also visit all parts of the colony, giving instruction, investigating the work of the institutions under their control, and enforcing inspection laws. The department subsidizes agricultural societies and offers prizes for the manufacture of butter. For the dissemination of information among the agricul- turists of the colony, the department publishes the Agricultural Gazette, a monthly farm journal which is issued free of cost to the agricultural societies of the colony and to any farmer having 1 acres under cultivation who makes application to the department. Reprints in pamphlet form of the articles of special interest are distributed freely among the farmers. The Hawkesbury Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Richmond. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — H. W. Potts, Prin.; E. C. Wood, Sci. Master; C. T. Musson, Engl. Master; J. J. McCue, 1 ^oidtry Expert; George Cob)). Farm Form.; J. Alford, Orch.; S. F. Adams, Reg.; J. Sutton, Origin. — The college was opened in 1891, and experiments were begun the same } T ear. Separate accounts are kept of the cost of instruction and of experimental work. Equipment. — Chemical building containing two laboratories, balance room, and office; other laboratories in the main college building; about 500 sheep and other farm animals; a farm of 3,130 acres, 1,100 acres of which are under cultivation, and about 200 acres in experimental plats; a vineyard of 8 acres, and an orchard. Income. — Annual grants of about $10,000 from the Department of Agriculture; receipts from students' fees and from the sale of farm products of about $22,000. Lines of work. — Cultural and manurial experiments with cereals, forage crops, root crops, fiber plants, and garden vegetables; variety tests and other experiments with grapes, oranges, peaches, and other fruits; dairy and poultry investigations, and stock feeding. Special attention is given to the developing of new varieties of wheat in the hope of obtaining a good milling variety that will be highly rust- rcsistant. The college distributes seeds and fodder plants among the farmers of the colony. 32 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. State Farms. Wagga Experimental Farm, Wagga-Wagga. G. M. McKeown, Mgr., Expt.; Stuart Hogg, OrcL; F. McDonald, Reg. This farm was established in 1892, and consists of 3,300 acres, of which 1,100 acres are under cultivation. Substantial farm buildings and students' quarters have been erected, and an orchard of 82 acres set out, which contains about 2,000 varieties of fruit, including apples, pears, apricots, peaches, figs, raisins, grapes, and currants. The farm supports 2,000 sheep, 38 horses, 60 cattle, a number of pigs, and a large number of fowls. The lines of work include experiments in the cultivation of wheat and other cereals, experiments with manures and various methods of culture, chemical and bacteriological investiga- tions, experiments in developing new wheats with better milling qualities and with greater resistance to rust and drought, tests of fodders and grasses and of many kinds of fruits, experiments in drying and canning fruit and in the manufacture of olive oil, and practical instruction to students in the various branches of farm work. Experimental Farm, Bathurst. A. A. Dunnicliff, Mgr.; A. Walton, Expt. This farm was established in 1895 and covers an area of 614 acres, of which about 400 acres are under cultivation and 30 acres in orchard containing 2,600 trees. Farm buildings have been erected. Bathurst is in a region of poor soil and light rainfall, and the attempt is being made to carry on successful farming operations without a very great outlay for irrigation. The investigations are thus confined to experi- ments in methods of culture; variety tests of various field crops, fodders, and fruits; development of new drought-resisting varieties; and the improvement of the soil by grazing, principally with sheep. Instruction is given to ten or fifteen students in practical agriculture, carpentry, and blacksmithing. Experimental Farm, Wollongbar. H. V. Jackson, Mgr. The farm consists of 263 acres, upon which the work of clearing began in 1893. It is located in the Northern Rivers district, where there is abundant rainfall and a subtropical climate. The object of the work undertaken has been to develop the sugar industiw by the intro- duction and distribution of improved varieties of sugar cane and to develop the production of pineapples, oranges, and other fruits suited to such a climate. Daiiying, stock raising, and other phases of agri- cultural production also receive considerable attention. AUSTRALIA. 33 Irrigation Experimental Field, Pera Bore. C. H. Gorman, Mgr. This farm has been recently established in the dry western districts to demonstrate the value of irrigation by means of artesian wells. The principal experiments are with fodders, vegetables, and fruits. Experimental Farm, Coolabah. R. W. Peacock, Mgr. The Coolabah farm was established in 1898 to investigate means for reclaiming western barrens, and the principal experiments conducted have been with grasses and indigenous fodder plants. Dairy Stud Farm, Berry. Established in 1900 to promote dairy farming, cattle breeding, rear- ing, and management, and to give instruction to students along these lines. Experimental Farm. Grafton. J. H. Bulkeley. Mgr. This farm was established in the autumn of 1901, and comprises over 2,000 acres located 6 miles from Grafton. Experiments with grasses and other forage crops will be undertaken with a view to establishing the dairy industry on the north coast. Botanic Gardens and Domains, Sydney. a J. H. Maiden, Dir. and Bot. The government botanist. J. H. Maiden, is director of these gardens, and besides the usual work of collecting and growing plants in such an institution he is engaged in botanical investigations which take him to all parts of the colony. The gardens supply cuttings, plants, and seeds for the Hawkesbury Agricultural College and for the various State farms. Technological Museum, Sydney. a R. T. Baker, Cur. QUEENSLAND. The Queensland Department of Agriculture, Brisbane. Hon. J. V. Chataway, Sec. for Ayr. ; P. J. McDermott, Under Sec. for Agr.; P. McLean, Agr. Advist / . The Queensland Department of Agriculture, which was organized in 1887 and made a separate administrative department in 1896, has a See Royal Gardens, Kew, \>. 142. 22018— No. 112—02 3 34 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. direct control of the Queensland Agricultural College, of the Botanical Gardens at Brisbane, and of the seven State experimental farms. It is charged with the dissemination of information likely to he of value to the farmers of the colony, and for this purpose publishes the Queensland Agricultural Journal, which " is issued gratis to persons whose main sources of income are from pastoral, agricultural, or horti- cultural pursuits." The department subsidizes agricultural societies, and also offers certain departmental prizes on agricultural products, the prizes being awarded at shows of the societies. The departmental staff of experts and inspectors, comprising about 15 members, is engaged in agricultural research work; the inspection of fruit, live stock, etc. in different parts of the colony, and the instruction of farmers on their plantations. Annual conferences of farmers, at which the depart- mental experts are in attendance, are convened by the Department of Agriculture, and reports of the proceedings of these conferences are published. Botanic Gardens, Brisbane. a Philip MaeMahon, Cur. Acclimatization Society, Brisbane." E. Grim ley. Botanic Gardens, Brisbane. 8 F. M. Bailey. Agricultural College and Experiment Farm, Gatton. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — J. Mahon, Prin. Origin. — Opened in 1897 and equipped at a total cost to date of about $160,000 for farm, buildings, and improvements. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory and other college buildings,, and farm of 1,692 acres. Income. — Annual grants from the Department of Agriculture sup- plemented by receipts from farm products. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, manures, and feeding stuffs: field experiments with grasses, clovers, and wheat: special experiments in the cultivation of tobacco and other crops and in utilizing barnyard manure. Quite extensive variety tests with wheat and potatoes, and cross-fertilization experiments with wheat have been undertaken. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. AUSTRALIA. 35 State Farms. Biggenden Farm, Burnett District. Henry A. Tardent, Mgr. Established in 1899 at a cost of $7,580; farm of about 100 acres, residence, two sheds, and meteorological apparatus; experiments with wheat and other cereals, and vineyard and orchard work. Camerunga State Nursery, near Cairns. G. B. Brooks, Overseer. Established in 1888, and has cost the department about $37,000; farm of 316 acres; experiments with new varieties of sugar cane, bananas, coffee, cotton, cocoa, cloves, nutmegs, pepper, and other tropical products. Gindie Farm, Central District. R. Jarrott, Mgr. Established in 1898 at a cost of $13,(556 for the first two years; farm of 8,000 acres, farm buildings, and machinery; sheep and stock raising, and experiments with wheat and other cereals. Hermitage Farm, Warwick, Darling Downs District. C. Ross, Mgr. Area of 440 acres, devoted to the growing of wheat, barley, oats, root crops, and maize. Sugar Experiment Station, Mackay. A. A. Ramsey, Mgr. First established in 1888 as a nursery for growing tropical fruits, but recently converted into a sugar experiment station. The equipment includes a well-equipped chemical laboratory and farm of 20 acres, which have cost the department about $42,000 and have yielded about $2,000. The principal lines of work are testing and distributing among planters new varieties of sugar cane and sorghum, and such tropical fruits as pineapples, oranges, and grapes, and other tropical productions. An agricultural school is conducted at the Mackay institution. Redland Bay Experiment Orchard. J. Henderson, Mgr. Westbrook Farm, Darling Downs District. H. 0. Quod ling, Mgr. Experiments with cereals and root crops, and feeding experiments for dairy purposes. 36 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Acclimatization Society's Gardens, Rockhampton. a J. S. Edgar. SOUTH AUSTRALIA. The South Australia Central Agricultural Bureau, Adelaide. E. L. Batchelor, Minis, of Ayr.; F. E. H. W. Krichauff, Chair.; A. Molineux, Sec. and Agr. Editor of the Journal of Agriculture and Industry; W. S. Summers, Asst. Sec. and Tnsp. of Fert. The bureau was established in 1888, and has control of the agricul- tural college and of more than 100 branch bureaus, through which much of the experimental work of the central bureau is carried on. The minister of agriculture issues annual reports, and the bureau publishes the Journal of Agriculture and Industry, a monthly farm journal, which is issued gratis to members of branch bureaus. The bureau is engaged in promoting all phases of agricultural activity in South Australia, and to this end distributes fertilizers and seeds to the Adelaide Agricultural School and to 18 or 20 State schools, where simple experiments are conducted for the purpose of demonstrating the value of modern methods of agriculture. Among other lines of work undertaken b} r the bureau may be mentioned the introduction of improved varieties of wheat and other cereals and of pure- bred stock; investigations in dairying, irrigation, horticulture, and viticulture; and attempts to lessen the ravages of animal pests, such as rabbits, foxes, sparrows, and starlings. Botanic Garden, Adelaide. a Maurice Holtze. Botanic Gardens, Port Darwin. a Nicholas Holtze. Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Roseworthy. Governing board.— Central Agricultural Bureau — Advisory council: Sir Langdon Boynthon, Thomas Hardy, F. E. H. W. Krichauff, J. M. McLachlan, A. J. Murray, L. W. Stanton. Station staff. — J. D. Towar, Prin.; and the scientific members of the Central Agricultural Bureau. Origin. — Founded in 1885. Equipment. — Laboratory and other college buildings, and farm of 1,400 acres. Income. — Government grant (1900), $14,118.23; students' fees and farm products (1899), $11,247.88. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. AUSTRALIA. 37 Lines of work, — Variety tests of wheat, experiments with various manures and with green crops for feeding, rotation experiments, horticultural and viticultural work. But little purely experimental work is attempted. TASMANIA. Tasmanian Council of Agriculture, Hobart. George T. Collins, Minis, of Agr., Pres.; L. M. Shoobridge, V. Pres.; T. A. Tabart, Sec. and Chief Inst r. ; L. A. Evans, Asst. Sec. and Editor of the Agricultural Gazette and Journal; ten other mem- bers, and a scientific staff of seven members. The Tasmanian Council of Agriculture, with headquarters in Hobart, has general supervision of the agricultural interests in the island. It employs a scientific staff, the members of which arc engaged in scien- tific investigations, the inspection of various agricultural products, and the giving of instruction at meetings of farmers in various parts of the island. The most notable agricultural experiments are those conducted in cooperation with the council by Frank Maddox on his farm at Eastfield. These experiments have extended over a period of ten years, and include careful tests of many varieties of wheat and experiments with oats, peas, root crops, and manures. Experiments in other parts of the island are conducted principally through the cooperation of " branch boards," local associations affiliated with the council of agriculture. The council publishes the Agricultural Gazette and Jon null once a month, and sends it free to all members of boards of agriculture affiliated with the council. Botanic Gardens, Hobart. a F. Abbott, VICTORIA. The Department of Agriculture of Victoria, Melbourne. George Graham, Minis, of Agr. The Department of Agriculture employs a staff of about twelve experts engaged in making investigations and giving instructions throughout the colony in the various branches of agricultural indus- try, and in addition, it controls the School of Horticulture at Burnley and the Viticultural College at Rutherglen, at both of which places limited experiments are conducted. The department also conducts cooperative experiments in many localities, subsidizes agricultural societies, and issues occasional bulletins to agricultural producers. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. L42. 38 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Dookie. Governing board. — Council of Agricultural Education: F.T. Derham, Chair.; David Martin, Sec. and Treas.; the Secretary for Agriculture, and eight other members. Station staff. — Hugh Pye, Prin. and Engl. Master; a science master; an instructor in viticulture, and a farm manager. Origin. — Opened for students in 1886. Equipment. — College buildings containing library, laboratory, lec- ture halls, etc.; and a farm of 4,846 acres. Income. — Grants made by the Council of Agricultural Education from the government endowment fund, receipts from students, and from the sale of farm products. Lines of work. — Extensive experiments with wheat and other cereals, grasses, fodder plants, and garden vegetables; limited experiments in the production of scent plants and olives, in drying and preserving fruit, and in animal husbandry. The experiments with cereals in- clude the improvement of varieties, methods of culture, and the use of fertilizers. National Herbarium, Melbourne.* J. G. Luehmann, Cur. Botanic Gardens, Melbourne. 8 W. R. Guilfoyle. WESTERN AUSTRALIA. The Western Australia Department of Agriculture, Perth. George Throssell, Comr. of Crown Lands and Actg. Minis, of Agr.; L. Lindley-Cowen, See. The Department of Agriculture was created in 1894 and is under the administration of the Commissioner of Crown Lands. The depart- ment employs a staff of experts who are engaged in promoting the agricultural interests of the colony. It conducts rather limited experiments at Drakesbrook and publishes monthly the Journcd of the Department of Agriculture which is distributed free to members of any agricultural or kindred society. Experimental Farm, Drakesbrook. G. F. Berthoud, Mgr. The farm is maintained by the Department of Agriculture for the purpose of conducting experiments in the cross fertilization of wheat and other cereals, the seed of which is distributed among farmers. Cultural experiments are conducted with potatoes and forage crops. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. AUSTRIA. B9 AUSTRIA. Royal Ministry of Agriculture, Vienna. Baron de Giovanelli, Minis, of Agr.; Dr. Leonard Pielak, Minister without Portfolio ; Dr. Ferdinand, Baron von Blunifeld, Chief of Section ; Ernst Oser, Chief of Section. The Royal Ministry of Agriculture of Austria was organized in 1868, and comprises two sections which include the administrative bureau and 10 departments. The ministry has general control of agricultural institutions throughout the Kingdom, and is engaged actively in the promotion of investigations in agronomy, zootechn}^, forestry, fish culture, and a wide range of other subjects; the subsi- dizing of educational institutions, experiment stations and agricultural societies, and the printing and distributing of reports and special papers. Department 11 of the ministry is charged with the administration of agricultural avid forestry educational institutions, including secondary schools, colleges, and special courses; the examination and appoint- ment of teachers for these schools, and for itinerant instruction; the establishment and subsidizing of nongovernmental institutions for instruction and research; the management of governmental experi- ment stations and of experimental work generally; the compilation of agricultural and forestry statistics; the promotion of flax culture and dairying. Reports of the work of all experiment stations and papers on various phases of agricultural research appear in the official publi- cation of the ministry, Zeitschrift fur das landwirthschaftliche Ver- mchswesen i/n Oesterreich. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the Province of Vorarlberg', Bregenz. Governing hoard. — The Vorarlberg Agricultural Society. Station staff. — Dr. Wilhelm Eugling, Dir. and Expert in Animal Hush.; Dr. Heinrich Brunnmayr. Asst.; W. von Klenze, Dr. Ballncr, I r ol mi teers; attendant. Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Vorarlberg Agricultural Society. At first the station was located at Tisis, whence it was removed in 1880 to Feldkirch, and in 1890 to Bregenz. Equipment. — Experiment field, stable for three cows, orchard, and place for growing vine cuttings. The equipment is provided by Count Belrupt, chairman of the agricultural society. Income. - For 1900, $1,290.04 (Royal Ministry of Agriculture, $1,1 >13; provincial committee, $202.00; fees, $81.04). Lines of work. — Dairy investigations; practical experiments in the management of meadows, alpine pastures, and turf lands; control of fertilizers and tolls; analysis of foods. 40 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Experiment Station for Plant Culture, Briinn. Governing hoard. — Agricultural council for the Margravate of Moravia. Station staff.— Johann J. Vanha, Dir. and Ayr.; OttoKvas. Chem.; two laboratory assistants; cop} T ist; gardener. Origin. — Established in 1899 hy the Moravian government. Equipment. — Vegetation house, experiment field. Income.— Total budget a for 1900, $7,258.14; for 1901, $5,626.17. The receipts for analyses and field crops for 1900 were $190.11. The station receives $3,004.56 from the State and $40.52 from the Society of Austrian Malt Manufacturers. Lines of work. — Promotion of agriculture through scientific research in plant production by means of pot and field experiments in the vege- tation house, the station experiment field, and on farms in other parts of Moravia; seed control; chemical investigation of fertilizers, feed- ing stuffs, and agricultural products in general; microscopic and bac- teriological investigation of plant diseases. Seed Control Station of the State Agricultural Secondary School, Czernowitz. Governing hoard. —Provincial Committee of Bukowina. Station staff. — Emil Baier, Dir. Origin. — Established by the province in 1897. Income. — In the budget of the Agricultural Secondary School an annual item of about $20 is included for seed testing. Lines of work. — -Analysis of seeds and feeding stuffs. The director gives advice to those engaged in the seed trade or in seed production, and attempts by means of his investigations to improve the seeds pro- duced or handled in the country. Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Control Station, Dublany, near Lemberg-. Governing hoard. — Provincial Committee of Galicia. Statin/, stuff. — Mikulowski-Pomorski, Dir.; Adam Karpinski, Karol Huppenthal, Zypmunt Chmielewski. Assts.; laboratory assistant; bookkeeper; two attendants. Origin. — Established in 1895 by the Province of Galicia. Equipment. — Laboratory, vegetation house with 800 pots, 6 experi- ment fields upon typical Galician soil in various parts of the province, each field containing about 11 acres. a The term budget as used in this bulletin refers to the total allowance for station expenses made in accordance with the ofhcial estimate of the officers in charge of station funds from any funds available for the use of the station. The budget for any particular year is not necessarily equal to the receipts for that year. AUSTRIA. 41 Income — Budget, $4,039.44. The station receives annually $405.20 from the Royal Ministry of Agriculture and $3,330.34 from the Gali- cian government. The fees for analyses in 1900 amounted to about $1,013. Lines of work. — Investigation of the fertility of Galician soils by means of systematically planned field and meadow experiments in various parts of the country; investigation of fertilizers and soils; con- trol of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station of the Lower Austrian Agricultural, Horticultural, and Viticultural School, Feldsberg*. Governing hoard. — Lower Austrian Provincial Council. Stat i,52). The fees for analyses in 1900 amounted to $570.12. Lines of work. — Seed control; chemical, bacteriological, and patho- logical investigations; field experiment-. Agricultural Botanical Experiment Station, Lemberg: . Governing l><>n staff. — Dr. Ign. R. von Szyszylowicz Dir.; Bronislaus von Janowski, Casimir von Langie. Assts.; Siineon Wojciechowski, Lab. Asst.; one attendant: eight helpers during the busy season. Origin. — Established in 1895 by the Provincial Committee of Gali- cia. In 1901 an alpine garden under control of this station was estab- lished in the Porzyzewski pasture lands of the Ea>t Carpathians. Equipment. — Station at Lemberg. experiment garden in the East Carpathian Mountains. 5.700 feet above sea level. Income. — Budget for 1900. 82.657.30. The station receives from the Royal Ministry of Agriculture a subsidy of $405.20, and in 1900 received in fees for analyses 8500.50. Lines of work. — Control of seeds and concentrated feeding stuffs: experiments for the improvement and acclimatization of plants: pro- duction of alpine seeds at the alpine garden. AUSTRIA. 45 Prince Schwarzenberg- Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Lobositz. Governing hoard, — The station is a private institution under the direct control of Prince* Schwarzenberg-. Station staff. — Dr. Josef Hanamann, Dir.; Leopold Koufimsky, Assoc.; copyist; attendant. Origin. — Founded in 1865 at the initiative of His Highness Prince Johann Adolf von Schwarzenberg. The director, Dr. Josef Hana- mann, has held this position since the station was first established. Equipment. — Laborato ry . Income. — Budget for 19U0, including salaries. $1,418.20. Lines of work. — Control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs; vegetation and fertilizer experiments; various investigations for industrial pur- poses; analysis of soils, minerals, well water, and flowing water; meteorological observations. Provincial Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, Marbur g--on-the-Drave . Governing l><>.:>4 from the Royal Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — The promotion of agriculture, especially grape growing in Styria. through scientific investigations, analyses, study of diseases, etc.; analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, soils, and seeds; analytical, physiological, and miscroscopic investigation of foods, condiments, and other articles for the agricultural com- mittee of Styria, officials, societies, and private persons; the promotion of seed production and commerce. Results are made 1 public by con- sultation and correspondence, and expert opinions are given as required by the committee Forestry Experiment Institute, Mariabrunn. * Governing hoard. — Royal Ministry of Agriculture. st,iii<, n staff. — Josef Friedrich, Dir.; C arl Bohmerle and Dr. Adolf Cieslar, Assocs.; one gardener with two technical assistants; three chemists; bookkeeper; three attendants. Three forest inspectors are members of the staff. Origin. — Founded in L875 but not fully developed to its present scope until 1888, when it was made a control station for forest seeds. a Post-orliee, Hadersdorf-Weidlingau, Lower Austria. 46 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment. — Forest gardens for experiments with fertilizers and a nursery for experiments in growing- forest trees. Income. — The institute is maintained entirely by the State. The receipts for 1900 were about $175, the expenditures $14,976.24. Lines of work. — The development, by scientific experiment and research, of a rational method of forest management. Investigations in entomology, mycology, and meteorology as related to forestry are conducted. Moravian Seed Control Station, Neutitschein. Governing hoard. — Moravian Provincial Committee. Station staff. — Prof. Richard Hamerak, Dir.; laboratory assistant. Origin. — Founded in 1881 by Dr. Zobl with the permission of the Moravian Provincial Committee. In 1891 the station became a State institution. Income. — The station receives a provincial subsidy of $20.26, and fees for analyses average about $18 per year. Lines of 'work. — Microscopic examination of seeds, hops, and feed- ing stuffs; compounding of seed mixtures for meadows and pastures; conducting fodder-culture courses. After the erection of a new agri- culture laboratory, experiments in bacteriology and plant physiology will be undertaken. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Neutitschein. Governing hoard. — The station is under the control of the Agricul- tural Secondary School in Neutitschein. Station staff. — Alfred Wiener, Dir.; one attendant. Income. — Partly supported by fees, which amount to about $12 per annum. lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural products, such as potatoes, beets, and milk, and of water and commercial fertilizers. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station .of the State Agricultural Secondary School, Oberhermsdorf. Governing hoard. — Silcsian Provincial Committee. Station staff. — Rudolf Pfohl, Dir.. and Chem.; one attendant. Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Provincial Committee. Lines ofvjork. — Analysis of feeding stuffs, fertilizers, waters, beets, potatoes, etc., and of articles used by farmers. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the Agricultural Council for Upper Austria, Otterbach, near Scharding. Governing hoard. — Agricultural Council for Upper Austria, the Royal Ministry of Agriculture reserving the right to superintend the work of the station. AVSTKIA. 47 Station staff . — FranzXav. Eianusch, Dir. and Chem.; one attendant. Origin. — Founded in 1900 by the Upper Austrian Agricultural Council through an agreement with Lord George Wieninger, by which the latter placed at the >al of the council, until further notice, the necessary room for laboratories and ground for an experiment held. Income.— Total budget for 1900. $1,073. 78; Pees for analyses in L900, $163.29. The governmental subsidy for the station is $810.40; that of the province. $202.60. Lines of work — Scientific and practical investigations in animal and plant production; investigations and analyses in connection with the practice of agriculture and the marketing of its raw products, espe- cially the analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs 3 foods, and seeds, at the request of official-, corporations, societies, and private persons; dissemination of information by consultation and correspond- ence: the giving of expert information for officials and agricultural corporations; the training of agricultural chemists and agriculturists for the investigation of agricultural product- and supplies. Provincial Agricultural Institute and Experiment Station, Parenzo. Governing board. — Provincial Agricultural Committee of [stria. Station staff. — Dr. J. B. Cucovich, Dir. ; Dr. Gherardo Catani, V. Dir.; Donato Libutti, Assoc.; director's secretary; attendant: cel- lar master: gardener. Origin. — Founded in 1 ^7-> by the [strian Agricultural Committee. From 1875 to 1882 it consisted of an experiment cellar only. In 1882 a two-year cenological and pomological course was added. In 1892 the institute and experiment station were opened, and in L900 a three- year course was added. There are branch field schools at Tisino and ■sola. Income. — Budget of institute and station for L901, $9,522.20; provin- cial subsidy for institute and -tat ion. $1, 539.76. lAnesof work. Chemical investigation of agricultural products and articles used by farmer-, especially grapes, must, w ine, sulphur, blue vitriol, soils, and fertilizers; seed control; study of plant diseases. Chemical Laboratory, Pilsen. The laboratory was established in L886 by Y. Kundrat. owner and director of the laboratory. In 1890 the Pilsen Assembly subsidized the laboratory, and as a consequence the director is placed under obli- gations to make investigations and conduct experiments for the farmers in the vicinity, a reasonable fee. regulated by the assembly, being exacted. In L897 the director was appointed city chemist, and in 1900 he was authorized to analyze foods. 'I ne budget of the station is about $203; the total receipts for 1900, including a subsidy of 1202.60, were $952.22. 48 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station of the German Section of the Agricultural Council for the Kingdom of Bohemia, Prague. Governing hoard. — Agricultural Council of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Station staff. — Josef Klaudi, Dir. Ohem. Lab.; Dr. J. Nickerl, Dir. Si ed C ont ml Sta. Origin. — The station was established in 1877 by the Agricultural Council. Lines of work. — Seed control; analysis of fertilizers, soils, sugar beets, potatoes, etc. : investigation of plant diseases and noxious insects and of foods and feeding stuffs. Agricultural Physiological Experiment Station of the Bohemian Section of the Agricultural Council for the Kingdom of Bohemia, Prague. Governing board. — Royal Ministry of Agriculture and the Provin- cial Committee of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Statin,, staff. — Dr. Julius Stoklasa, Dir.; Dr. Franz Bubak, Chief Div. ofVeg. Path.; B. Prochiizka. Agr.; Eugen Vitek, Chern.; Josef Smahel, Ohem.; two attendants. Origin. — Founded in 1899 by the Royal Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Education and Religion. The station and the Tech- nical High School are in the same buildings, but have no organic con- nection. This station is in close relation with the sugar experiment station of which Prof. Karl Preis is director. Equipment. — Chemical, physiological, and bacteriological labora- tories; glass house for physiological experiments, and a biological room for the study of the vital processes of microbes. Income. — Subsidies amounting to 81. 215. 60 (Royal Ministry of Agri- culture. S81CU0; Provincial Committee, $405.20). Lines of work. — The physiological section and seed control station are devoted to the improvement of the quality of grains and hoed crops; the section of bacteriology and pathology to the sudy of plant diseases and to micro-biological studies in plant production; the chem- ical section to the investigation by chemical means of problems similar to those above. Experiment Station for the Sugar Industry, Prague. Governing hoard. — Society for the Sugar Industry in Prague. Station staff.— Prof. K. Preis, Dir.; K. Andrlik, Chief of Div. of Tech. Chem.; Dr. Julius Stoklasa, Chief 'of Div. of Physiol '. and Path, of the Sugar Beet; E. Votocek. Chief of Div. for Sci. Invest, with Carbohydrates; V. Stanek, E. Vitek, Assts.; six volunteers; one attendant. Orig in.— Founded in 1806 in connection with the department of analytical chemistry in the Technical High School under permission AUSTRIA. 49 from the Ministry of Education and Religion and with the understand- ing that the Society for the Sugar Industry in Prague meet all addi- tional expenses. Equipment. — Laboratories of the Technical High School, which are also used by the Agricultural Physiological Experiment Station. Income. — Budget for 1900, $2,431.20. The station receives a sub- sidy of $810.40 from the Royal Ministry of Agriculture and of $202.60 from the Bohemian Assembly. Lines of work. — Technical chemical investigations in the manufacture of beet sugar, investigations in plant physiology for the purpose of introducing rational methods of cultivating the sugar beet, and study of beet diseases. Experiment Station for the Distilling Industry, Prague. Governing hoard. — Society of Distillers in Prague. Station staff. — Anton Nydrle, Dir. ; Camill Havelka, Chem.; labor- atory assistant. The students of the Distillery School assist in the experiment station laboratories for the practice it gives them. Origin. — Established in 1881 in connection with the Distillery School, which in the year 1900-1901 received 22 student-. Income. — Budget for 1900 for both station and school, £2,026. The receipts from analyses in 1900 amounted to only about £40. The Royal Ministry of Agriculture and the Provincial Committee of Bohemia have granted a subsidy of $607.80 for the use of both station and school. Lines of work. — Mycological and chemical investigations in connec- tion with both old and new processes in distilling and in the manu- facture of liquors and compressed yeast; yeast production and manu- facturing; analysis of raw stuffs and manufactured products, perfecting and introducing rational business methods. Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry, Prague. Governing hoard. — Directors of the Society for the Founding and Maintenance of the Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry in Bohemia. Station staff. — Franz Chodounsky, Dir.; Jaroslav Sula, Chem. and Supt.oftfa Labs.; Wenze] Bares, First Asst.; Wenzel Greif , Second Asst.; bookkeeper; laboratory assistant. Origin. — Founded in 1886 by the Society for the Founding and Maintenance of the Experiment Station for the Brewing Industry in Bohemia. Income.— Budget for 1900, $3,646.80. The receipts for 1900 for analyses and other investigations amounted to $3,282.12. Lines of work. — The promotion of brewing interests by scientific 22018— No. 112—02 4 50 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. work and research; testing of raw materials and other products sent to the station; manufacture of pure yeast cultures; theoretical and practical control of improved methods of work in breweries and malt houses; the giving of advice to officials, members of societies, and others; the testing of such building materials and machinery and such chemical and physical apparatus as are used in breweries and malt houses; the delivery of lectures on professional topics and the giving of practice courses for students. Agricultural Seed Control Station of the State Agricultural High School, Prerau. Governing hoard. — Moravian Provincial Committee. Station staff. — Vrat. Stohr, Dir.; laboratory assistant; gardener. Origin. — Founded in 1884 by the Moravian Provincial Committee. Equipment. — Botanical laboratoiy. Income. — Budget for station work in 1900, about $20. The station receives a State subsidy of $20.26 and fees amounting to about $10. Lines of work. — Analysis of seeds and feeding stuffs, botanical anal- ysis of meadow grasses, mechanical analysis and control of horj*. a special study of beet diseases, qualitative tests of barley for brewing. The station assists the school with which it is connected in making collections of seeds and investigates in the laboratoiy the crops grown in the experiment field of the school. Provincial Agricultural Institute and Experiment Station, St. Michael-on- the-Etsch. Governing l><>oratory assistant. Origin. — The station was first established in 1893 as a seed control station in connection with the academy, but in 1895 the scope of its activity was broadened to include all phases of plant production. Income.— $3,444.20. Lines of work. — Investigation of various cultivated plants, their nutrition, diseases, etc.; seed control; instruction to farmers on the cultivation and manuring of field crops. 52 EXPEKIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station of the State Agricultural Acad- emy, Tetschen-Liebwerd. Governing hoard.— Bohemian Provincial Committee. Station staff. — Dr. Josef Seissl, Dir.; laboratory assistant. Origin. — Founded in I8t>5 by the trustees of the then Agricultural High School. Equipment. — The chemical technological laboratory of the academy. Income. — For the laboratory and experiment station, $324.16. Lines of work. — The scientific investigation of problems in agricul- tural chemistry. Experiment Station for Flax Culture, Trautenau. Governing; hoard. — Association of Austrian Flax and Linen Pro- ducers in Trautenau, subject to supervision by the Royal Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — Camill Hoffmeister, Dir. ir.: Ottokar Fallada. Lid nS( d Exp /•/. a \Jssoc. ; Dr. Adalbert Fernau, Albert Blau, and Dr. Moritz Stoffell, Assts.; three clerks; three attendants. Origin. — This is the oldest station in Austria, and was established by the society mentioned in 1859 in the Konigsaal Sugar Factory in Bohemia. In LS»>7 it was moved to Prague and in L870 to Vienna. At this time Dr. O. Kohlrausch became director and remained in that position until he was retired on a pension in 1SS7. Equipment. — Accommodations are provided for three divisions — the division for scientific investigation, the division for commercial anal- yses, and the division of plant physiology. Income. — Maintained by the Central Society at an annual cost of about $11,750. Lines of work. — The station staff endeavors to keep pace with the progress of sugar making and to study and experiment upon all new processes in the production of sugar, so that anything of real value can be recommended to the producers of the district: analyzes the products of factories and farms: gives gratuitous information regard- ing beet diseases and patents that concern sugar producers: edits the technical parts of the Osterreichisch-^ungarisch< Zeitschrift der Zucker- industrie und Landwirthschaft^ published by the Central Society, and gives instruction in the chemistry of sugar making to young men who wish to devote themselves to that business. Austrian Experiment Station and Academy for the Brewing- Industry, Vienna. Governing board. — Under the control of the society "Austrian Experiment Station for Brewers and Maltsters." Statin,, staff. — Prof. Fr. Schwackhofer. Dir. ; Dr. H. Wichmann, AUSTRIA. 55 Dir. of thi Biol. Lab.; Eduard Jalowetz, Dir. of the Chern. Lab.; Dr, H. Zikes, Assoc.; (j. Ewald, O. Huss, O. Toinanek, Assts.; three clerks; three helpers; machinist; fireman; brewer in the experimental brewery. Origin. — Founded in 1887 b} r the society mentioned as a chemical physiological laboratory; broadened to its present scope in 1895. Equipm ^//.—Chemical laboratory, biological laboratory, academy for the brewing industry, brewery and malt house for instruction and experiments. Income,— Budget for 1900, $13,371.60; the station is subsidized by the above society to the amount of $2,836.40 and in 1900 collected fees for analyses amounting to about $8,91-1. Lines of work. — Scientific investigation of all materials used in the manufacture of beer and of the manufactured products of breweries and malt houses; testing of machinery and apparatus; inspection of brewery products; making of pure cultures; instruction in brewing and malting; practical experiments in the experimental brewery. Agricultural Bacteriological and Plant Protection Station, Vienna. Governing hoard. — Under control of the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Vienna. Station *tt lifts, and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general work the station performs two special duties: It verities, gratuitously for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who have accepted the control of the State laboratories, and it participates concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken iu execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffsl Analytical Laboratory, Hasselt. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and a local committee of five members. Station staff. — Mercier, Dir.; two assistants, and a clerk. Origin. Established in 1878 by the Association for the Founding of Experiment Stations; came under State control in L883. Equi '/>//>> at. — Laboratory building, containing a balance room, analvt- ical laboratory with room and equipment for two chemists, laboratory for distillations, sugar-beet laboratory, workroom, library, office, and a public room for consultations. Income.— Supported partly by the State and partly by fees for analyses. Line* of irorl\- — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuft's. and agricultural products: seed testing. In addition to this general work the station performs two special duties: It verities, gratuitously for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who have accepted the control of the State laboratories: and it participates concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stufts. Analytical Laboratory, Liege. Govt mi mi hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and a local committee of four members. Stat inn staff. — De Molinari, Dir. ; chief of the division of chemistry; chief of the division of bacteriology and microscopy: tive assistants. Origin. — Founded in 1878 by the Association for the Founding of Experiment Station-: came under State control in 1883. Equipment. —An analytical laboratory building, containing the office of the director, balance room, large analytical laboratory with pro T vision for four chemists, laboratory for the analysis of sugar beets, workroom, and glass house. In a separate building is the division of BELGIUM. 61 bacteriology and microscopy, which is provided with a workroom, room for microscopic and bacteriological work, dark room, culture room, and glass house. Income. — Supported partly by the State and partly by fees for analyses. Lines of toork. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuffs, and agricultural products: seed testing. In addition to this general work the station perform- two special duties: It verities, gratuitously for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who have accepted the control of the State laboratories: and it participates concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stutis. Analytical Laboratory. Louvain. Governing 7><»'/-J. — Ministry of Agriculture and a local committee of live members. Station staff. — J. Graftiau. D 'u\; three assistants. Origin. — Founded in 1883 as a private laboratory by P. Claes. who became director of the laboratory when it was purchased by the State in 1885. Equipment. — In the basement of the laboratory building are found apparatus for blowpipe analysis, machinery for the preparation of samples, dry kiln, apparatus for the distillation of water and rectifica- tion of alcohol and other residues. On the first floor are found the office of the director, library, photographic laboratory, analytical laboratory, and a room for balances, microscopes, and polariscope. In addition to the ordinary equipment the laboratory contains a complete installation for electrical analysis. Income. — Supported partly by the State and partly by fees for analyses. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding staffs, and agricultural products: seed testing. In addition to this general work the station performs two special duties: It verities, gratuitously for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis «>f samples taken in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuffs. Analytical Laboratory, Moris. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and a local committee of tive members. Station staff. — Fl. Warsage, J>ir.; four assistants, and a clerk. Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the State. Eguvpment. — The laboratory building contains the ottice of the director, which is furnished with microscopes and other optical appa- 62 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. rat us; a room for balances and other apparatus and samples; the laboratory proper, which contains three rooms — the first provided with equipment and room for five chemists, the second serving as a room for the preparation of samples, and the third as a laboratory for dis- tillations. A structure for the storing of explosives and other dan- gerous substances is completely isolated from the laboratory. Income. — Supported partly by the State and partly by fees for analyses. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, foods, feeding stuff's, and agricultural products; seed testing. In addition to this general work the station performs two special duties: It verities, gratuitously for the purchaser, merchandise sold by manufacturers and dealers who have accepted the control of the State laboratories; and it participates concurrently with other laboratories in the analysis of samples taken in execution of the regulations governing the trade in feeding stuns. Provincial Agricultural Laboratory, Roulers. Station staff. — Jules van den Berghe, Dir. This laboratory was established by the Province of West Flanders in 1ST5. The equipment is ample for the needs of the laboratoiy and the director has two assistants and one helper. The work includes the analysis and control of fertilizers, foods, and feeding stuhV, the testing of seeds, and the analysis of agricultural products. Annual reports are published by the station. Garden of the Society for Vegetable Culture, St. Nicolas. Staff. — C. Amelinckx, Dir. The Society for Vegetable Culture of St. Nicolas established in 1890 a station for practical experiments to improve old methods of culture. The equipment of the station consists of a number of vegetation cases and a garden. The station is subsidized hy the Government and by the town of St. Nicolas. The lines of work include tests of new varieties of legumes and garden vegetables and experiments with various chemical fertilizers. Annual reports of the work are made to the Ministry of Agriculture and published in Bulletin de PAgricv.lt ure ( Bruxelles). Agricultural and Hygienic Laboratory, St. Nicola* Dr. Wbdon, Dir. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. Agricultural and Horticultural Stations. The agricultural stations and the fruit and vine culture stations of Bosnia and Herzegovina are not experiment stations such as we find in western Europe and the United States. Rather, they are model BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA. 63 farms intended to instruct farmers, stock misers, and fruit growers of the vicinity in modern methods. At each station except the one at Lastva. provision is made for students, ten or twelve of whom spend two or three years on the farm learning the practical methods in vogue there. In addition each station serve- as a center for the distribution of seeds, fruit trees, and cuttings of improved varieties and for the breeding of pure-bred stock that may be used by the stock raisers of the region for the improvement of the tiocks and herds. The stations were organized by the Provincial Bureau of Agricul- ture and are under its immediate control. Each station has a manager trained in the theory and practice of farming and capable of giving instruction not only to the pupils in his charge, but also to the farmers and fruit growers of the region. Station for Fruit and Vine Culture. Dervent. Established in 1888. The area under cultivation includes 156 acres, of which 24 acres are in a nursery garden. 101 acres orchard. '21 acres vineyard, and 4 acres set to American varieties of phylloxera-resistant vines, from which cuttings are distributed among the vine growers of the region. The station building contains an office, apartments for the manager, press room, and wine cellar. There are also a school building, a machine shop, and stables. This station is more Largely engaged in the growing of stone fruits and apples and pears than any of the other fruit stations, but it also devotes considerable time and space to the production of grapes for wine and for table use and to the propagation of early varieties for cool climates. Agricultural Station. Gacko. Established in 1886. This station includes three farms— a valley farm of 647 acres, more than three-fifths of which is in pasture and meadow: a mountain farm at Zelengora of 731 acres, of which 621 acres are in Woodland and pasture, and a mountain pasture of 230 acres at Nikolin do. At the valley farm the buildings are of stone and include a dwelling, cheese-making room, cheese cellar, stables, etc. On both mountain farms there are dwellings and the necessary stables for hous- ing the live stock. These farms lie in a grazing country, and stock raising, dairying, and cheese making from the milk of both cows and sheep are given much more attention than the cultivation of held crops. Agricultural Station. Ilidze. Established in 1893. The station includes both valley and mountain farms, the former including -!<»»; acres of cultivated land, the latter 1,577 acres, most of which is in pasture and woodland. The station building at Ilidze contains apartments for the manager, oth'ee, and schoolroom. There are also barns, a thrashing building, a greenhouse. 64 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. hothouses, 60 cows, 300 fowls, and other domestic animals. While stock raising is given an important place at this station, much more atten- tion is given to the cultivation of crops, and especially the production of fodder, than at any of the other stations. Station for Fruit and Vine Culture, Lastva. Established in 1894. Of the 95 acres under cultivation at this sta- tion 72 acres are in vineyard and 12 acres in orchard. The station buildings are very similar to those at Dervent, except that there is a building for the accommodation of families who attend the winter school. The work of the station includes the improvement of methods of vine culture and of wine making, the production of other fruits and nuts, and the conducting of a winter school for the vine and fruit growers of the region. Agricultural Station, Livno. Established in 1888. The valley farm at Livno has an area of 1,592 acres, of which 1,012 acres are meadow and pasture land. The build- ings include a two-story stone building containing living apartments, office, and schoolroom; 3 large cattle barns, sheep barn, poultry house, pigpens, stables for the w T ork animals, cheese-making room, cheese cellar, and a natural cave for curing Roquefort cheese. There are on the farm 200 cows, 1,500 sheep, 30 swine, 500 fowls, and a few Angora goats, besides work animals. There are 2 mountain farms, which together cover an area of 6,592 acres, of which 5,992 acres are in meadow and pasture. At these farms also facilities are provided for making and curing cheese. This station is located in the grazing district and gives little attention to the cultivation of held crops. Dairying, cheese making, the improvement of live stock, and the acclimatization of Angora goats are the principal lines of work undertaken. Agricultural Station, Modric. Established in 1886. The farm has an area of 816 acres, nearly all of which is cultivated. Among the buildings are the dwelling of the manager, a school building, barns, granaries, etc. This farm lies in a rich agricultural district and is conducted as a model farm for rational field culture, stock raising, and general farming. Station for Fruit and Vine Culture, Mostar. Established in L888. The vineyard at this station covers 11 acres and the orchard 12 acres. The station building contains an office, apart- ments for the manager, press room, and wine cellar. Adjoining is a school building and a machine room. Attention is given to the grow- ing of grapes, fruits, and nuts, wine making, and the study of diseases and pests of the vine. BRAZIL. 65 BRAZIL. Agricultural Station, Campinas. Governing hoard. — Under control of the Minister of Agriculture of Sao Paulo. Station staff. — Adolpho B. U. Cavalcanti. Dir.; vice-director; two associates, and several assistants and helpers. Origin. — Established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture in 18ST; definitely organized in 1890; transferred to the State of Sao Paulo in L892. Equipment. — Laboratory, residence of the director, meteorological observatory, hotbeds, mill, pots and vegetation cases for Wagnerian experiments, and an experimental garden and field. Lines of work. — The study of such agricultural questions as will aid the farmers of Sao Paulo; analysis of soils, fertilizers, seeds, feeding stuffs, and other agricultural substances and industrial products; experiments for the improvement of native plants and the acclimatiza tion of introduced plants; the giving of information on various agri- cultural topics to all who apply for it. The cultivation of coffee, cereals, and fruits receives considerable attention. Such information and ana- lytical work as are of general interest are gratuitous. The work of the station is published in bulletins [Boh fin da Estagao dt Campinas), which are distributed free to farmers and others interested in the work that the station is doing. Agricultural Institute of Sao Paulo, Campinas. Governing hoard. Under the direction of the secretarytof agricul- ture. Dr. Antonio Candido Rodrigues. Station staff.— Dr. Gustavo K. P. d'Utra, Dir.; H. Potel, Veg. Path, and Ohem.; R. Bolliger, Met. and Chem.; E. Sixt, Cham.; T. Egydio Arauha, Sec.; chief gardener; two gardeners; three laboratory helpers; ten workmen. Equiyjnent. Laboratory buildings, including a separate building for the analysis of seeds and fertilizers; experimental garden and vege- tation house at Guanabara; experimental held at Taquaral, and an experimental farm at Santa Elisa. Income. For 1900, $39,127, of which $35,975 was State subsidy. Lines of work. — Experiments with native grasses and other forage crops; cultural and manurial experiments with sugar cane and coffee; experiments with various drying machines in curing coffee; investiga- tion of the cost of producing agricultural crops; study of plant dis- eases; analysis of soils, fertilizers, and drinking water; meteorological observations; cooperative experiments in various parts of Sao Paulo. 22018— No. 112—02 5 66 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Institute, Itabira, Minas Geraes. The institute was founded in 1895 by the late director, Dr. C. Brun- nemann. Botanical Garden, San Vicente, Sao Paulo. Station staff. — Dr. J. Campos Porto, Dir. In 1900 the municipal government of Santos established near the village of San Vicente a botanical garden and experimental and demon- stration field. Experimental and Demonstration Field of the Cultivators' Club (Club da Lavoura), Sao Carlos. Governing hoard. — Auxiliary council of the Cultivators' Club. Station staff. — Antonio Gomes Carno, Dir. The Cultivators' Club proposes to introduce new methods of culture and new machinery among the farmers of Sao Paulo, and to aid in this work has established near Sao Carlos an experimental and demonstra- tion field, and also conducts cooperative experiments on farms in various parts of the State. Botanical Garden, Tremembi, near Sao Paulo. Station staff. — Dr. Alberto Lofgren, Dir.; Gustavo Ed wall, Asst.;. a gardener. This garden was established by the Geographical and Geological Commission of Sao Paulo for the propagation and culture of trees useful in the production of timber, fuel, and charcoal; for the distribu- tion of seeds; and for the acclimatization of foreign plants. It has about 4 acres in cultivation, a small laboratory, cold frames, and a convenient'house for orchids and other shade-loving plants. Zootechnic Institute, TJberaba, Minas Geraes. Station staff.— Prof. F. M. Draenert, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1895. Eqmpment. — Farm of 282 acres containing experimental garden for fodder plants and vegetables, vineyard, orchard and coffee garden; horses, cattle, and sheep. Lines of work. — Investigation in animal production and in the grow- ing of fodder plants, vegetables, fruits, and coffee. BRITISH GUIANA. Botanic Gardens and Sugar Cane Experiments, Berbice. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff.— Ricfiard Hunt, Keeper; Prof. J. B. Harrison, Chew, in Charge of Sugar Cane Ewpts.; G. S. Jenman, Dot.; Robert Ward, Asst. A jr. 'Sec Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. BRITISH HONDURAS BRITISH WEST INDIES. 67 The Botanic Gardens were established by the local government under the direction of the curator of the Kew Gardens. In 1898 they were transferred to the control of the Imperial Department of Agri- culture, by whom the station is endowed, and sugar-cane experiments were begun. The lines of work, beside the development of the sugar Industry, include the cultivation of garden plants, such as roses, orchids, and other ornamental plants, and of economic plants, includ- ing coffee, cacao, nuts, and other tropical productions. Botanic Gardens, Georgetown. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — George S. Jenman, Supi. and Bot./ John F. Waby, Head Gard.; William Jackson, Head Gard. Prmnenadt Garden. The gardens were established by the local government, and trans- ferred in 1898 to the control of the Imperial Department of Agricul- ture, by whom they are now endowed. The principal lines of work are the cultivation of flowers and ornamental plants, and of economic plants, such as coffee, sugar cane, and nuts; and the importation and exchange of. seeds and plants. BRITISH HONDURAS. Botanic Station, Belize. a Governing board.-^ Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — Eugene Campbell, Our. The station is devoted to the development of local industries and to raising and distributing important economic plants. BRITISH WEST INDIES. Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. ft Dr. Daniel Morris, Comr.; George W. Smith, Traveling Supt. The Imperial Department of Agriculture was organized in 1898. Its duties are " (1) to endeavor to restore the sugar industry to a condi- tion in which it can be profitably carried on, and (2) to encourage the establishment of other industries in such colonies as afford suitable conditions to supplement the staple industry." The commissioner, Dr. Daniel Morris, has charge of all experiment stations in the British West Indies except those on the islands of Jamaica and Trinidad. The Imperial Department of Agriculture has established on the Island of Barbados two central experiment stations and ten local plan- tations for the improvement of varieties and the carrying on of fer- a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p 142. 68 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. tilizer experiments. The varieties that prove most promising at th< central stations are then grown at the local plantations to test thei adaptability and value in different soils and localities, and also to dem onstrate their value to the planters in each parish. The other station: now under the control of the department are those at Tobago, Grenada St. Vincent. St. Lucia. Dominica. Montserrat, Antigua. Tortola. anc St. Kitts-Xevis : the two stations in British Guiana, and one in Britisq Honduras. In addition there are twenty substations or experiments plats at Grenada. St. Vincent. St. Lucia, and Dominica : seven ai Antigua, and three at St. Kitts-Nevis, which have been established tc encourage improvements in the cultivation of cacao, coffee, limes, and other crops. The expense of maintaining these stations is borne by the British Government, which appropriated &2 1,900 for the new depart ment in 1899, and estimated that during the next ten years an annual grant of about $85,000 would be required. The Imperial Department of Agriculture publishes handbooks, leaflets, and the West Indian Bulletin, which is sent free to residents of the West Indies. Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, Antigua. a Governing board.-^- Imperial Department of Agriculture. Barbados. Station staff. — W. N. Sands. Cur,; F. R. Shepherd. Agr. and Supm of Sugar Cane Expts. The station was established in 1890, and has recently organized, under the direction of Dr. Morris, seven substations. The attention of the station has been directed almost exclusively to the economic and agri- cultural interests of the colony, especial attention being given to experiments with grapevines, libers, cotton, tobacco, pineapples, silk- worms, etc.: cultivation of sugar cane: distribution of plants and seeds; manurial experiments, and the improvement of fruit. Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, Dodd's Reformatory, Barbados. a Goiu rnnuj hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff.— John R. Bovell. Supt. of Bot. Sta.; J. P. d' Albu- querque, Island Chem. and Agr. in Charge of Sugar Cane Expts.; four assistants. Experiments at this place were begun in 1885 and since that time have been continued along a few well-defined lines. At present the station is investigating the composition of the rainfall and conducting held experiments with manures on established varieties of sugar cane and comparative experiments with seedling varieties of sugar cane. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. BRITISH WEST INDIES. 69 The more promising varieties are tested at other local stations on the island. The analytical work is done in the laboratories at Dodd\s Reformatory, and annual reports of all the work are published. There are at present on the island of Barbados eleven central and local stations associated with this station and doing similar work. Botanic Station, Dominica. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — Joseph Jones, Cur.; George F. Branch, Tnst/r. in Agr.; J. F. Baptiste. Form. The station was established by the curator in 1890, and includes 10 acres of land. Plat experiments with sugar cane, Liberian coffee, cacao, cinnamon, oranges, limes, and other tropical productions receive the attention of the station authorities. Botanic Station, Grenada. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — W. E. Broadway. Our.; A. W. Dowers, Form. This station was established by the local government in 1886, upon the advice of Dr. Morris, then assistant at the Kew Gardens. It was maintained at the expense of the government of Grenada until Octo- ber, 1898, when it was transferred to funds controlled by the Imperial Department of Agriculture. It is engaged in introducing and testing new economic and ornamental plants, in giving practical information and advice on agricultural and horticultural topics, and in distributing economic and ornamental plants throughout the colony. Department of Public Gardens and Plantations, Kingston, Jamaica. a William Fawcett, Dir.; William Harris. Supt. of Hope Gardens; Thomas J. Harris, Asst. Supt of Hop* Gardens (Aetg.); William J. Thompson, Supt. of Oastleton Gardens; James Briscoe. Supt. of T&nxfslloust Gardens (Actg.); John Campbell, Supt. of Parade Gar- dens; A. H. Groves. Overseer of Bath Gardens; Herbert H. Cousins, ('In m. in Oharge of Sugar Cane Eatpts.; W. R. Burtenshaw, Led. in Agr.; William Cradwick, Traveling Tnstr. in Agr. The Department of Public Gardens and Plantations maintains gar- dens at Hope, Castleton, Cinchona, Bath, Parade, and King's House. These gardens are engaged in the cultivation of coffee, cinnamon, cocoa, sugar cane, and other tropical plants and fruits, and in the importa- tion and exchange of plants and seeds. Annual reports of the depart- ment and the Bulletin of the Botanical Department are published. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p 142. 70 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Experiment Stations, Montserrat. A. J. Jordan. Dir. and Imtr. Agr. During the } T ear 1900 the Imperial Department of Agriculture, Bar- bados, established three new stations at Montserrat. Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments, St. Kitts-Nevis. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — William Lunt, Cur.; Francis Watts, Chem. in Charge of Sugar Cane Expts.; Joseph Wade, Form. This station is engaged in raising and distributing economic plants and in experiments for the improvement of sugar cane. Botanic Station, St. Lucia. a Governing, hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — J. C. Moore, Cur.; G. S. Hudson, Instr. in Agr. The station was established in 1887 and transferred to the control of the Imperial Department of Agriculture in 1898. It is engaged in the distribution by sale, free grants and exchange, of plants and seeds of economic value and suitable for cultivation in the colonies, and in the cultivation of Liberian coffee, sugar cane, ginger, cacao, and other tropical productions. Botanic Station, St. Vincent. a Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff. — Henry Powell, Cur.; J. B. Dotwell, Form. The station is supported by the Imperial Department of Agriculture and is engaged in promoting the introduction and distribution of cacao, coffee, sugar cane, and other tropical plants. Since the disastrous hurricane of 1898, this station has been of very material aid to the farmers of St. Vincent in supplying them with seed, plants, and other means for starting again their wrecked plantations. Botanic Station, Tobag-o. ■ Governing hoard. — Imperial Department of Agriculture, Barbados. Station staff.— J. H. Hart, Supt.; Henry Millen, Cur. This station was established in 1899. It is subordinate to the Royal Botanic Gardens at Trinidad, and the 18 acres under cultivation are devoted to experiments with sugar cane, cacao, yams, tobacco, coffee, and l ubber, which promises to become an important product in Tobago. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. BULGARIA CANADA. 71 Experiment Station, Tortola, Virgin Islands. C. W. Seale, Instr. in Agr. This station was established in 1900 by the Imperial Department of Agr i e ul tur e, Barbados . Royal Botanic Gardens and Sugar Cane Experiments, Trinidad. 11 Governing hoard. — The Imperial Department of Agriculture, Bar- bados, acts merely in an advisory capacity, the entire direction of the station being placed in the hands of the superintendent. Station staff. — J. H. Hart, Supt. and Bot.; William Leslie, Asst. Wwpt. The Botanic Gardens had been established for a number of years when, in 1898, the British Government granted aid to botanic stations in the British West Indies, and about 33 acres of the St. Clair daily farm were reserved for the establishment of an experiment station. Here have been started nurseries for economic plants with a view to having the station become a center for the diffusion of information on agricultural topics. Experiments with sugar cane, cacao, yams, tobacco, coffee, and other tropical productions are conducted. Annual reports of the work of the gardens are published, and the botanical department of Trinidad publishes the bulletin of miscellaneous infor- mation, a quarterly which is edited by J. H. Hart. BULGARIA. Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Plevna. B. Manoucheff, Dir. Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Rustchuk. Nikola Batchvarotf, Dir. Experiment Field of the Agricultural School, Sadova. Athanase Kablechkoff, Dir. CANADA. Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Hon. Sydney A. Fisher. Minis, of Agr. The Dominion system of experiment stations comprises a central experimental farm at Ottawa and four branch farms located in different provinces and territories. These farms were established by the Department of Agriculture and receive annual grants from the 'See Royal Gardens, K.ew, p 142. 72 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. department, which also publishes their annual reports. The depart- ment is represented in all its transactions with the experimental farms by the director of experimental farms, who resides upon and has immediate control of the central farm in Ottawa, and is represented by a superintendent at each of the branch farms. These are the Only experimental institutions under the control of the Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture, but not the only institutions doing experimental work in the Dominion. The Province of Ontario supports an agricul- tural college and experimental farm at Guelph, with which are con- nected a large number of cooperative enterprises, all of which are subordinate to the provincial department of agriculture, and several of the other provinces and territories in the Dominion maintain depart- ments of agriculture, with which are connected experts and inspectors engaged in control work. Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Governing boa/rd. — The Dominion Department of Agriculture, Hon. Sidney A. Fisher. Station staff. — Dr. William Saunders, Dir.; J. H. Grisdale, Agr.; W . T. Macoun, Hart.'; F. T. Shutt, Ghem.; Dr. James Fletcher, Ent. wndBot.; A. G. Gilbert, Poultry Mgr. Origin. — Established in 1887. In connection with the Central Experimental Farm there are four branch farms located in widely separated parts of the Dominion, all of w T hich are under the direction of Dr. Saunders. The branch farms are at Nappan, Nova Scotia; Brandon, Manitoba; Indian Head, Assiniboia; and Agassiz, British Columbia. Equipment. — Office building, chemical laboratory, and museum; conservatory and houses for seed testing and seed distribution; barn; implement shed and tool house; piggery; dairy building; root house; sheep house; poultry buildings and yards; farm containing orchards and numerous experimental plats, and a large number of farm animals. Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, 110,268.10. Lines of work. — Variety tests and other experiments with oats, barley, spring and winter wheat, peas, Indian corn, root crops (including sugar beets), fodder plants, fruits, etc.; rotation experiments; dairy experiments; spraying, cultural, and acclimatization experiments with large and small fruits; seed testing; feeding experiments with horses, cattle, swine, and sheep; experiments with green manures, fertilizers, and means for conserving soil moisture; investigations in economic entomology; experiments in apiculture and poultry raising; meteoro- logical observations, and analysis of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, foods, soils, well waters, dairy products, insecticides, fungicides, etc. Bul- letins and annual reports are published. CANADA. 73 Branch Experimental Farms. Experimental Farm for British Columbia, Agassiz, British Columbia. Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William Saun- ders, director of the experimental farms. Station staff. — Thomas A. Sharpe, Supt. Origin— Established in 1889. Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barn, farm of 1,125 acres, extensive orchards, 6 horses, 20 head of cattle, 22 swine, 9 sheep, fowls, bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $9,913.37. Lines of work. — Variety tests with cereals, flax, root crops, large and small fruits; experiments with fodder plants, mixed grains for feed, and grasses; fertilizer experiments; forestry experiments, and meteorological observations. Experiments with fruit are given great prominence. Experimental Farm for Manitoba, Brandon, Manitoba. Governing board. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William Saun- ders, director of the experimental farms. Station staff. — S. A. Bedford, Supt. Origin. — Established in 1887. Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barn, poultry house, and other farm buildings, farm of 652 acres, 12 horses. 22 head of cattle, 26 swine, bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $15,434.62. Lines of work, . — Variety tests and cultural experiments with spring wheat, barle} 7 , oats, peas, flax. Indian corn, root crops, legumes, garden vegetables, flowers, and ornamental shrubs; rotation experi- ments; feeding experiments with cattle and swine; experiments with sand binders and with varieties of large and small fruits; forestry experiments and meteorological observations. Experimental Farm for the Northwest Territories, Indian Head, Assiniboia. Governing hoard. — The superintendent reports to Dr. William Saun- ders, director of the experimental farms. Stat ion staff.- — Angus Mackay, Supt. Origin. — Established in 1887. Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barns, farm of 682 acres, 13 horses. 32 head of cattle, swine, fowls, bees, farm implements, and machinery. Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $12,083.96. Lines of work. — Variety and fertilizer experiments with spring wheat, oats, barley, peas, Indian corn, and other farm and garden 74 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. crops; rotation experiments; experiments with flowers, ornamental trees, shrubs, forest trees, and fruits; feeding experiments; experi- ments with brome grass and various grass mixtures to prevent the drifting of soil, and meteorological observations. Experimental Farm for the Maritime Provinces, Nappan, Nova Scotia. Governing board.— The superintendent reports to Dr. William Saun- ders, director of the experimental farms. Station stqf. — R. Robertson, Sitpt.; W. S. Blair, llort. Origin. — Established in 1887. Equipment. — Superintendent's house, barn, and other farm buildings, farm containing 300 acres, 7 horses, 47 cattle, 70 swine, 49 sheep, fowls, bees, farm implements, machinery, etc. Income.— Budget for 1899-1900, $15,326.66. Lines of work. — Rotation experiments; variety tests with cereals, root crops, legumes, hay and fodder crops; feeding experiments; investigation of various spraying mixtures; experiments with fruits and garden vegetables, and meteorological observations. Irrigation Experiment Station, Calgary. Governing board. — The Territorial Department of Agriculture of Northwest Territories. Station staff .—l\ T. Bone, C. E., Dir. Origin. — In 1898 the Territorial Department of Agriculture made an appropriation for conducting agricultural experiments in the semi- arid districts. Land was leased and a contract between the Govern- ment and the Calgary Irrigation Company was entered into, which provides for the carrying on of experiments for five years under the direction of the department of agriculture. P. T. Bone, manager of the Calgary Irrigation Company, was placed in charge of the experi- ments. Income. — Government appropriation of $315 for the first year and $630 for each succeeding year. Lines of work. — Irrigation experiments- with wheat, oats, and other cereals, brome grass, timothy, peas, alfalfa, etc., and experiments to discover means for eradicating sweet grass. Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm, Guelph. Governing board. — The president of the college reports directly to the Provincial Minister of Agriculture, Hon. John Dryden. Station staff.— Dr. James Mills, Pres.; Dr. A. E. Shuttleworth, Chem..; H. H. Dean, Dairy LIusb.; Dr. J. Hugo Reed, Vet.; J. B. Reynolds, Phys. and Led. in Engl.; C. A. Zavitz, Expt.; Prof. William Lochhead, Biol, and Geol.; G. E. Day, Agr. and Farm Supt.; II. L. Hutt, llort.; F. C. Harrison, Bad. andLibr.; R. Harcourt, Asst. CANADA. 75 al Chew.; M. W. Doherty, Asst. Biol.; I. M. Beckstedt, Asst. Best- i dent Master; M. N. Ross, Fellow in Biol.; W. J. Price, Fellow in ie Agr.; A. T. Wiancko, Asst. Libr. and Tutor in, German; W. R. Graham, Mgr. and Lect., Poultry Dept.; H. R. Rowsom, Led. in Apiculture; Capt. Walter Clarke, Drill and Gymnastics; W, O. j Stewart, Physician; G. A. Putnam, Sec; A. McCallum, Bursar. Origin. — The college was founded in 1874. Equipment. — College laboratories, greenhouses and other buildings, and experiment field of nearly 50 acres divided into about 2,000 plats. Income.— Budget for college and farm in 1900, $81,840.91. Of this amount $22,329.77 was received from fees, sale of products, etc., and the remainder, $59,511.17, was provided by the Government. Lines of work. — Analysis of sugar beets, wheat, feeding stuffs, and other products; experiments in butter making, cheese making and curing, selection of seed, methods of culture, and with varieties of :; j wheat to determine their milling and baking qualities; experiments in feeding cattle, sheep, and swine, and in rearing and feeding poultry; comparison of breeds of swine; investigation of plant diseases and pests and of the bacteriology of butter making and cheese making; variety tests of berries, currants, tomatoes, flowers and bedding f plants, grains, root crops, grasses, clovers, forage plants, and fodder mixtures. For cooperative experiments, see Agricultural and Experi- mental Union, below. Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, Guelph. Governing board. — Board of Control: T. H. Mason (Pres.), Straf- i fordville; T. G. Raynor ( V. Pres.), Bosehall; C. A. Zavitz (See-, and Editor, Agr. College), Guelph; H. L. Hutt (Trms. Agr. College)* Guelph; James Mills, G. C. Creelman, Robert Harcourt, and E. C. Hallman, Dirs. Staff. — The following directors of experimental work, who are assisted b} T other members of the union: C. A. Zavitz. , igr. ; Prof. H. L. Hutt, Hart.; Prof. William Lochhead, Econ. Bot. and Ent; Prof. J. B. Reynolds, Soil Phys.; W. R. Graham, Poultry; Dr. A. E. Shuttle- worth, Agr. Chem. Origin. — The union was organized in 1880. A definite system of cooperative experimental work was arranged in 1884. The union con- ducts a large number of cooperative experiments in all parts of the province, for which it furnishes materials free of cost to the farmer and exacts reports at the end of the season. In 1887 fifteen experi- menters participated in this work, and in 1900 the number reached ' 3,354, representing every county and district in Ontario. Income.— For 1900, $1,602.56 (Government grant, $1,200; remainder from 1899, donation, sale of weed seeds, and membership fees, $402.66). Lines of work. — Experiments by the various departments at the 76 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, and cooperative experiment! mostly variety tests, with varieties that have proved valuable at thl college. In 1900 these experiments (variety tests and other experi ments) included the following: Agricultural experiments with grains' root crops, forage, fodder, silage and hay crops, garden vegetables and fertilizers; horticultural experiments with gooseberries, currants blackberries, raspberries, and strawberries; entomological experi ments in cooperation with the Ontario fruit experiment stations experiments in economic botany, soil physics, poultry raising, anc beekeeping. The results of successfully conducted experiments ail printed annually by the Department of Agriculture, Toronto, Ontario, and the reports distributed free. University Botanic Garden, Montreal. a Prof. D. P. Penhallow. Ontario Fruit Experiment Stations. Govemi/Kj hoard.- — Representing the college — James Mills, Guelphl H. L. Hutt, Guelph. Representing the Ontario Fruit Growers' Asso- ciation— A. M. Smith, St. Catharines; W. M. Orr, Fruitland; Wel- lington Boulter, Plot on ; Linus Woolverton. Grimsby. Executive committee. — James Mills, Chair.; Linus Woolverton, Sec.; H. L. Hutt, Official Visitor. Through the cooperation of the Ontario Agricultural College and Experimental Farm and the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association, fif- teen experimental fruit stations are maintained on private farms in different parts of the province. The name, location, special line of work, and experimenter in charge of each station are shown below: No. Name. Location. Experimenter. Specialty. Southwestern Niagara Wentworth... Burlington ... hake Huron . . Georgian Bay Simcoe S East Central. Bay of Qninte st. Lawrence . Strawberry substa- tion. Gooseberry substa- tion. Algoma .. Wabigoon Leamington St. Catharines Winona Freeman Walkerton '. Clarksburg Craighurst. W. W. Hilborn Murray Pettit A. W. Peart A. E. Sherrington..! J.G.Mitchell G.C.Caston.. Whitby R. L. Huggard Trenton . Maitlahd W. H. Dempsey Harold Jones. . Guelph . Nantyr . Grimsby E. B. Stevenson Stanley Spillut L. Woolverton . Richards Landing.. Drydcn Charles Young A. E. Annis Peaches. Tender fruits. Grapes. Blackberries and currants. Raspberries and commercial apples. Plums. Hardy apples and hardy cherries. Pears and commercial ap- ples. Apples. Hardy plums and hardy pears. Strawberries. Gooseberries. General collection of fruits for descriptive work. Hardv fruits. Do. a See Royal Gardens, Kew , p. 142. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 77 Botanic Garden, Ottawa. 1 Prof. John Macoun. Provincial Farm, Truro. Governing hoard. — B. W. Chipman, Sec. of Agr. Staff.— ¥. L. Fuller. Farm Mgr. Equipment. — Experimental farm with farm buildings including a dairy house, farm machinery, about 44 head of cattle, 6 horses, 10 jpigs, and a flock of poultry. Lines of work. — Experiments with held crops for the purpose of testing- improved varieties and various systems of rotation: experi- ments in breeding and feeding cattle, swine, and poultry, and fertilizer experiments Nova Scotia School of Horticulture. Wolfville. Governing board. — B. W. Chipman. Sec. of Agr. y and the director of the school. Staff.— F. C. Sears, Dir. Origin. — Experimental work in connection with the Nova Scotia School of Horticulture was begun in 1D<»1 in accordance with an act of the provincial legislature making an appropriation of $1,000 per annum for the establishment in each county of one or more model orchards, the establishment in King's County to be in the nature of an experimental plat in connection with the school of horticulture. Equipment. — The equipment of the school, which is also used for experimental purposes, includes a laboratory furnished with micro- scopes, bacteriological, chemical, and entomological apparatus, and an experimental plat. Two model orchards were established in 1901, one at Antigonish and the other at Falkland Ridge. Income. — One thousand dollars from the provincial legislature. Lines of work. — Experiments with apples, peal's, plums, cherries, apricots, small fruits and nuts, and entomological and bacteriological investigations for the purpose of studying diseases and insects injuri- ous to fruit-. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Department of Agriculture, Cape Town. C. Mayer, Actg. Sec. ami Asst. Agr.; R. MacOwan. Gort. Hot. and Cur. of Govt. Herbarium; Duncan Hutcheson. Colon. Vet. Surgeon; CharlesP. Lounsburg, Govt. Ent.; C. W. Sparks. Govt. LocustExpert; Alex Edington, Dir. of Colon. Bact. Inst. ; D. E. Hutchins. ( bnst rva- tor r< sts. The Colonial Department of Agriculture exercises general super- a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 78 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN EOREIGN COUNTRIES. vision over the analytical laboratory and schools of agriculture in the colony and its experts are engaged in promoting its agricultural interests. It publishes the Agm 'cultural Journal, which is sent free to members of any agricultural society, and also pamphlets on a large number of subjects related to agriculture, which are sold at a nominal price. Analytical Laboratory, Cape Town. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Staff. — Charles F. Juritz, M. A., Dir. and Senior Analyst; J. G. Rose, St. C. O. St. Clair, A. J. J. B. Simons, Assts.; two secretaries; two laboratory helpers. Origin. — Established in 1894. Equipment. — Three laboratories. Income— For 1900, $7,181.65 (fees for analyses, $6,045.20; clerical work and photograph}', $690.20; fees for inspection of adulterated articles of commerce, $446.25). Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural products and supplies, minerals, and of sea water for the colonial marine biologist. Cape Government Herbarium, Cape Town. a R. MacOwan, Cur. School of Agriculture, Elsenburg. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — William G. Mason, Prin. In 1900 a portion of the school farm was fenced and drained for an experiment station and experiments with different manures and wheat were conducted. It is proposed to continue these experiments and to begin others with oats and plats of grasses and clovers. CEYLON. Department of Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya. a Staff. — John C. Willis, Dir. and Dot.; J. B. Carruthers, Asst. Dir. and Myc; H. Ernest Green, Ent.; H. Wright, Sci. Asst.; H. F. Mac- Mil lan, Cur. Origin. — Founded in 1821; considerably extended in recent years. Equipment. — New laboratory building containing four laboratories, director's office, and dark room; conservatory, fern house, and other buildings; botanic gardens covering 150 acres at Peradeniya, and branch botanic gardens at Anuradhapura (D. F. de Silva, Cur.), Badulla (D. D. Fernando, Cur.), Hakgala (William Nock, Cur.), Henaratgoda (S. de Silva, Cur.). a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. CHILE. 79 h e Income.— Budget for 1900, $14,921.92. !t j Lines of work. — The introduction and cultivation of new economic ^ plants, ornamental plants, fruits, and trees; investigations in vegetable e pathology and economic entomolog}^; explorations and study of local a ] flora; collection and preservation of herbarium specimens; and mete- orological observations. The department publishes annual reports ind numerous circulars for the instruction of the people of Ceylon. ' CHILE. A-gronomic Station, Chemical Laboratory, and Veterinary Hospital of the Normal School of Agriculture ( Quinta Normal de Agricultura) , Santiago. Governing hoard. — Committee of the Ministry of Industry and I Public AVorks. d Station staff. — Rene F. Le Feuvre, Dir. and Ayr.; Taulis, Dir. of I7>( Agron. Sta., and Chem.; Julio Besnard, Dir. of the Zoot. Lab.; Horacio Concha, Agr. Engirt.; assistants and helpers. Origin. — The Quinta Normal de Agricultura comprises four sec- tions or departments: (1) The college of agriculture, established in 1876, including the agronomic station, the laboratory of zootechnics md vaccine, and the veterinary hospital; (2) the institute of practical igriculture; (3) the department of parks, gardens, and aquarium; and 4) the department of administration and accounts. Only the first section is engaged in experimental work. Equipment. — The equipment of the Quinta Normal inventories at ^2,600,000; that of the college of agriculture at $123,200, the latter ! ncluding a chemical laboratory, a laboratory of zootechnics and •accine, and a veterinary hospital. In the experimental work use is dso made of the experimental fields, orchards, vineyards, and other jquipment of the Quinta Normal. Income. — The receipts of the whole institution vary from $40,000 to >50,000 per annum. This money is turned into the Government ;reasury and Congress makes annual appropriations for the support of he institution. The appropriation for 1901 is $180,747.25. From he total appropriation the governing board makes apportionments 'or the support of each department. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, and seeds; investiga- ions in animal and plant physiology and pathology; and the improve- nent of methods of culture. The station manufactures vaccine, ntroduces and tests new plants, new farm machinery, and new needs of live stock, and in every way possible strives to improve :he condition of agriculture in Chile. 80 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN EuREIGN' COUNTRIES. DENMARK. Department of Agriculture. Copenhagen. Hi- Excellency Ole Hansen. Minis, of Agr. H. C. O. Gram. Chief of the Bureau of Agr. The Danish Department of Agriculture was organized in May. 1896, but Government aid for agricultural education and research dates from a much earlier period. For many years the Royal Danish Agricul- tural Society has been a powerful agency for the advancement of agricultural research in Denmark. In April, lssl. it began making appropriations for the Seed Control Station at Copenhagen, and live year- later the Plant Culture Station at Tystofte, with its system of branch stations, was established under the auspices of this society. In former years it wa> chierly through the agency of this society that the Government aided various agricultural enterprises, and at the present time the Department of Agriculture direct- many of its efforts in aid of agriculture through the agency of this organization. Other societies also, chief among which is the Danish Heath Society, are the recipients of aid from the department. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural College with its research laboratories and the Seed Con- trol Station in Copenhagen are now under the direct control of the Department of Agriculture. Moor Experiment Station of the Danish. Heath Society. Aarhus. Station st.if.—Tk. Claudi Westh. Dir. For a number of year> the Danish Heath Society has been engaged in extensive moor culture experiments, expending annually over *7".' ,n ". of which amount £5.360 is received from the State. The society conducts two large demonstration fields in the central part of Jutland and about forty -mail fields in other parts of the peninsula; gives free advice to farmers, and sells, at a low rate, trees and plants suitable for planting on moors. Experiment Station. Ascov. F. Hansen. Dir. (See Experiment Station. Tystofte. p. 82). Agricultural and Experimental Laboratory of the Royal Veterinary and Agricultural Colleg-e. Copenhagen. Govt rninQ hoard. — Under control of the Royal Veterinary and Agri- cultural College, which in turn is under the Department of Agriculture. Station staff— Prof. V. S. Storch, Dir. and Ohem.; Prof. B. L. F. Bang and C. O. Jensen, i'h.irf* <>f Bod. Lah*.; Dr. V. Henriques, ( h^f "f Physiol. Loo.: eleven assistants and an accountant. DENMARK. 81 Origin. — Dairy investigations at the Royal Veterinary and Agri- cultural College were begun by Prof. N. J. Fjord in 1872, but the origin of the Agricultural Experimental Laboratory as a separate institution dates from 1883, at which time the Government expended $33,000 in the erection of a laboratory building and placed Professor Fjord in charge as director. After the death of Professor Fjord in 181*1. F. Friis became director of the laboratory and remained in that position until succeeded by Prof. V. S. Storch in 1900. Equipment. — Main building, containing a chemical laboratory, several large offices and suites of rooms for the director and the chief of the chemical laboratory: a building for butter exhibitions, with adjoining ice house: a building containing two bacteriological labora- tories, a physiological (animal) laboratory, and a room for the cultiva- tion of tubercle bacilli and the production of tuberculin. Income. — The total budget of the station for 1900, including the appropriation for butter exhibitions, was $167. 00u. all of which was appropriated by the State. Lines of work, — The most important investigations of the station have been those connected with the dairy industry: especially the cooperative feeding experiments with milch cow-, which were begun in 187:2 by Professor Fjord, and are still being carried on. These experiment.- have been conducted on such a large scale and with such care in every detail that the results are considered conclusive. The other work of the station includes feeding experiment^ with pigs, investigations on tuberculosis in dairy animals and its eradication, the manufacture of tuberculin, and the study and testing of machinery and apparatus used in dairying. The station also has charge of the annual butter exhibitions, which entail an annual expenditure of about $47.. — For 1900, $2,219.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Investigations in breeding and protecting fish in the rivers and seaboard waters of northern France: experiments in stock- ing the waters with salmon and other fish; studies of the natural his- tory of the most important fishes of the country, of methods of pre- serving nets, of frozen herring for use as bait, and of other problems that appear to be important in fish production. Agricultural Laboratory, Boulog-ne-sur-Mer, Pas-de-Calais. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — Vuaflart. Dir. ; Sergent. Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established January 5, L888, in connection with the Fish Culture Station at this place: independent since 1895. Equipment. — Two laboratories in buildings furnished by the State for the Fish Culture Station. Income. — For 1900, £1,930 (Mini-try of Agriculture. £579: depart- ment. *r>7t': fees. £772). Lines of work. — Analysis of food products, soils, fertilizers, waters, and butter. Agricultural Station, Caen, Calvados. Governing boarfL. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Caen Faculty of Sciences. Station *taff. — Louise. Dir.: Paisnel, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established by Tsidore Pierre. Equijwii nt. — Two laboratories. Income.— For 1900. §1.177.30 (Ministry of Agriculture. s:,30. 75: Min- istry of Public Instruction. *37o\:-5:>: Department of Calvados, $154.40; Department of Manche, $115.*"). Lines ofwork.—k.m\ys\& of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, and dairy products. 88 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Experiment Station, Capelle. Station staff. — Marcel Desprez, jr., Dir. Origin. — The station is a private institution, established many years ago in connection with a seed farm for the purpose of testing varie- ties of seeds. For a number of years it received an annual subsidy of nearly $600 from the State, but this has been discontinued. Lines of work. — Cultural, fertilizer, and variety tests with wheat, sugar beets, potatoes, and other crops. Agricultural Laboratory, Chalons, Marne. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental professor of agriculture. Station staff. — Doutte, Dir.; Haura. O/iem.; Rounet, Asst. Ohem. Origin. — Established August 25, 1887, by the General Assembly of Marne. Equipment. — A departmental building and an experimental field of about 2i acres. Income.— For 1900, $2,702 (Ministry of Agriculture, $289.50; depart- ment, $1,544; fees, $868.50). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, feeding stuffs, and beets. Agricultural Station, Chartres, Eure-et-Loir. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff . — C. V. Garola. Dir.; M. Braum and Coujard, Lab. Assts.; Delafoy, Clerk. Origin. — Established in 1882 through the cooperation of the meteoro- logical commission and the Department of Eure-et-Loir. Equipment. — Two laboratories in a building belonging to the town, a vegetation house, and an experiment field. Income— For 1900, $2,933.60 (Ministry of Agriculture. 8772: depart- ment, $579; fees, $1,582.60). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, etc., for farmers; experiments with field crops to test various fertilizers and methods of culture. Agricultural Station, Chateauroux, Indre. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff . — Alia, Dir.; Baloux, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established in 1874 by Guinon. Equipment. — Five rooms in a rented building, 15 vegetation cases, and an experimental vineyard. Income.— For 1900, $2,316 (Ministry of Agriculture, $907.10; depart- ment, $472.85; agricultural society, $434.25; fees, $501.80). Lines of work. Analysis of soils, lime, marls, fertilizers, water, and feeding stuffs. FRANCE. 89 Agricultural Laboratory, Cluny, Saone-et-Loire. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — Paturel, Dir.; a Laboratory assistant. Origin. — Established in 1887 as a departmental laboratory. Equipment. — Laboratory building containing two laboratories and an office. Income.—- For 1900. §1.119.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, §579: depart- ment. #540.40). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, wines, musts, and miscellaneous articles. Station for Viticulture, Cognac, Charente. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. Statin,, staff. — J. M. Gruillon, Dir.; Gouirand. V. Dir.; Grirard, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established in 1874 by the Viticultural Committee of the district of Cognac, with A. Cornu as director. Equiprn* nt. — Laboratory at Cognac and demonstration lields in vari- ous parts of the department. Income. — For 1900, 82,605.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. The expense of conducting experiments is met by the Viticultural Com- mittee of Cognac. Lines of work. — Investigation of mildew, black rot. and other dis- eases of the vine and of means for combating them: analysis of soils, fertilizers, insecticides, and wines; experiments in demonstration lields to test methods of culture and varieties of grapes, especially those that will resist attacks of phylloxera. Agricultural Laboratory. Commercy, Meuse. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental professor of agriculture. Stat inn staff. — Prudhomme. Dir. Origin. — Established in 1887 by the Commercy Agricultural Society. Equipment. — Two rooms in a building furnished by the town. Incomt . — For 1900, ^i > 77. , .>:2 (Ministry of Agriculture. £86.85; depart- ment. $86.85; Commercy Agricultural Society. *1< >l:.:2:2). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils and fertilizers. Agricultural Station, Dijon, Cote-cVOr. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Dijon Faculty of Sciences. Statin,, staff. — Recoura, Dir.; M. Billier and Chaussin, Lab. Assts. Origin. —Founded in 1884 upon the initiative of Duval, governor of Cote-d'Or, and Chapins, rector of the Academy of Dijon. 90 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment. — Three laboratories connected with the academy. Income.— For 1900, $1,M7.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, £579; Minis- try of Public Instruction. $193; department. £482.50: fees, £193). Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and agricultural products, variety tests and other field experiments to determine the best crops and methods of culture for the department. Marine Zoological Laboratory. Endoume, Bouches-du-Rhone. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Marseille Fac- ulty of Sciences. Station staff. — Jourdan. Dir.; Gourret. V. Dir.; a fisherman; a mechanician. Origin.— Established in 1887, at Endoume Point, on the site of the old battery of Lions, at the expense of the city of Marseille, with con- tributions from the Ministry of Public Instruction and the Department of Bouches-du-Rhone. Equipment. — Large study room with aquarium, physiological labo- ratory, laboratory for biological chemistry, three research laboratories, library, large underground reservoir, and complete apparatus for col- lecting, maintaining, and studying the marine fauna. Income— For 1900, £*2. 026.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, £386; Marseille Faculty of Sciences. £965: department, £289.50: city of Marseille. £386). Lines of work. — Instruction in zoology: scientific research: and work in applied zoology, such as investigation of the food of edible fish and of the enemies of sardines, mackerel, and other fish of com- mercial importance. Agricultural Laboratory, Epinal. Vosges. Govt m ing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Industrial School of Vosges. Station staff. — Jolly. Dir. Origin. — Established in 1888 at Remiremont by the General Assem- bly of Vosges: transferred to Epinal in 1895. Equipment. — Five rooms in a building belonging to the town. Income. — For 1900, £675.50 (Ministry of Agriculture. £193: depart- ment. £482.50). Lines <>f mark. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, oil cakes, and butter. Agricultural Laboratory, Foix, Ariege. Governing hnard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — Soula. Dir. n, igi, t . — Established in 1884 by the Department of Ariege. FRANCE. 91 Equipment. — A room in the Normal Institute at Foix, and an experi- ment field of about 7b acres. Income.— For 1900, $115.80 (Ministry of Agriculture, $57.90; depart- ment, $57.90). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, wines, and lime. Laboratory of Vegetable Physiology, Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Paris Faculty of Sciences. Station staff . — Gaston Bonnier, Dir.; Duf bur, Adjunct Dir.; two laboratory assistants; a foreman; two gardeners. Origin— Established in 1890. Equipment. — A part of the Government domain, including fields and a park of 8b acres, in which are located a laboratory building contain- ing 18 rooms and 6 other separate laboratories. Income.— For 1900, $3,512.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; Min- istry of Public Instruction, $2,952.90; department, $77.20; town, 96.50). Lines of work. — Agricultural experiments, investigations in plant physiology, and apiculture. Agricultural Station, Grignon, Seine-et-Oise. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture — committee on agricul- ture; L. Vassilliere and Dabat; the faculty of the National School of Agriculture. Station staff. — P. P. Deherain, Dir.; Dupont. Chem.; Berthault, Agr.; Bretigniere, Asst. Agr. Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the Ministry of Agriculture. Eqicipmt nt. — Laboratories of the college at Grignon, with which the station is connected; equipment for pot culture; lysimeter, and experi- ment field. Income. — For 1900, $1,51-1, from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Investigation of fertilizers, soils, and field crops for the purpose of studying plant nutrition. Among the problems inves- tigated may be mentioned the following: Exhaustion of arable land by continuous culture without manure; losses and gains of nitrogen in the soil; loss of nitrogen through drainage water; humic matter as a necessary food for certain plants; autumn catch crops as conservators of nitrogen; influence of cultivation and aeration of the soil on the activity of nitric ferments; influence of fall plowing on nitrogen; effects of electric lights on plant growth; effects of summer fallowing; irrigation as affecting the necessary outlay for nitrogenous fertilizers, and the use of such cultures as Alinit and Nitragin. 92 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Station of Agricultural Climatology, Juvisy, Seine-et-Oise. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the officers of th< Observatory of Juvisy. Station staff. — Camille Flammarion, Dir.; Loisel. Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established at the observatory of Juvisy in 1891 bj Camille Flammarion. Equipment. — Three hothouses with blue. red. and green glass, respectively: one ordinary hothouse; meteorological and physica apparatus; an experimental held of 1H acres. Income. — For 1900. $1,235.20, from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Phy sical and meteorological researches, principally on solar rays and their action upon the phenomena of plant growth. Among the specific problems investigated are the following: The effect of solar rays on the development of plants; effect of different colored light upon the development, color, and transpiration of plants; the sun and its influence upon the temperature of the air and soil; the internal temperature of trees: action of electricity upon plant growth: rainfall and subterranean waters. Agricultural Station and Bacteriological Laboratory of Aisne, Laon. Governing hoard. — Marzuriez. Pres.,' V. Vieville. V. Pres.; Gen- tilliez. See.; Pelletier. Carre. Ermant. Dupuy, Letellier. Boulongne. Station staff. — L. Gaillot. Dir. and Chem.; G. Brouet. First Asst. Chem.; L. Bourdon. Second Asst. Chem.; L. Lavoine. Agr. Engin. and Asst. in Pact. ; M. Lefebvre. Sec.; G. Lagrange. Porter. Origin. — Agricultural station opened October 1. 1889; bacterio- I logical laboratory opened in 1895. Equipment. — Large general laboratory, small laboratory, room for balances and instruments of precision, dark room, director's office, cellars, granaries, meteorological apparatus, bacteriological laboratory; a garden, at the rear of which is a laboratory of vegetable pathology and physiology, and experiment fields at a distance of about one-half mile from the station. Income.— For 1900. £7,198.90 (Ministry of Agriculture. §579; Minis- try of Public Instruction and local contributions. §1.110.90; analyses. 12,509). Lines of work. — Research work with field crops and fertilizers in both laboratory and field; analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, and agricultural products; the tes ing of seeds and grains: meteorological observations applied to agriculture; investigation of bacterial diseases of man and beast and of plant physiology and pathology. The direc- tor is consulting chemist, plant physiologist, and bacteriologist of the department, and also inspector of fertilizers and butter. FRANCE. 93 Agricultural Laboratory, Laval, Mayenne. Ik Governing hoard, — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental professor of agriculture. Station staff. — H. Leizour, Dir.; Masseron, Lab. Asst. it Origin. — Established in 1880 by the General Assembly of Mayenne. Equipment. — A rented building containing five rooms. >, Income. — For 1900, $1,563.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- l ment, $1,25-1.50; fees, $115.80). Lines of work. — Almost exclusively the gratuitous analysis and con- trol of fertilizers. A few analyses of agricultural products are made, ind for these fees are exacted. Zoological Laboratory, Les Sables d'Olonne, Vendee. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Lncome. — For 1900, $57.90 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Agricultural Station, Lezardeaux, Finistere. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Lezardeaux School of Practical Agriculture. Station staff . — J. Crochetelle. Dir. Origin. — Established in 1873 in connection with the departmental chemical laboratory and the College of Irrigation and Drainage at Lezardeaux. Equipment. — The station makes use of the college laboratories, and has an experiment field. Income.— For 1900, $772 (Ministry of Agriculture, $289.50; depart- ment. $482. :,<»). Lines of work.- — Analyses, partly gratuitous, of fertilizers, soils, and agricultural products; experiments with fertilizers and with the principal agricultural products of the department. Agricultural Station, Lille, Nord. Govt ming hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — A. Dubernard, Dir.; one assistant; two helpers. Origin. — Established in 1869. Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment field. Income.— For 1900, $1,949.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; depart- ment, $579; fees, $1*84.30). Lines <>f work. — Analysis of agricultural products, soils, and fertil- izers; field experiments with fertilizers and the principal field crops of the department. 94 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Station, Lyon, Rhone. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Lyon Faculty of Sciences. Station staff. — L. Vignon, Dir.; Barillat and Riche, Form.; afield foreman. Origin. — Established in 1880 by Raulin, aided b}^ the Ministry of Agriculture. Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in the Chemical Institute and an experimental field of about 7£ acres. Income.— For 1900, $1,891.40 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; depart- ment, $772; agricultural society, $57.90; fees, $289.50). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils and fertilizers and the making of agricultural maps. Dairy Station, Mamirolle, Doubs. Station staff. — C. Martin, Dir. Lines of work. — Dairy investigations, cheese making, and feeding experiments. Station for Sericulture, Manosque, Basses- Alpes. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the special professor of agriculture at Manosque. Station staff. — Brandi, Dir. Origin. — Established August 6, 1892, by the Ministry of Agricul- ture. Equipment. — Two laboratory rooms. Income. — For 1900, $289.50, from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Research work in silk husbandry. Agricultural Laboratory, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhone. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Staff. — Gassend, Dir.; two laboratory assistants. Origin. — Established in 1888 by Gassend at his own expense. Equipment. — Six rooms and an experimental held. Income.— For 1900, $2,316 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; fees, $1,737). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, feeding stuffs, grains, sugar, explosives, and food products. Laboratory for Technical Tests, Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhone. Governing hoard. — The Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Shit ion staff. — E, Milliau, Dir.; Vittenet, Form.; four laboratory assistants. FRANCE. 95 Origin.— Established May 26, 1891. by the Ministry of Agriculture. Equipment. — Eight laboratory rooms. Income— For 1900, $8,974.50 (Ministry of Agriculture. $579; Min- istry of Foreign Affairs. $289.50; fees. $8,106). Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, oil cakes, oils, butter, and other articles of commerce. Agricultural Station, Melun, Seine-et-Marne. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — A. Vivier. Dir.; Lapchin, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Organized and opened in ls77 by the General Assembly of Seine-et-Marne. Equipment. — Eight rooms in a departmental building and a small experimental held. Income.— For 1900, $2,798.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- ment. $1,447.50; fees, $772). Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers; analysis of soils, beets, milk, and water; laboratory research work: field experiments with various manures upon the principal field crops of the department, important among which is the sugar beet. Research work is limited on account of the analytical work required of the station staff*. Station of Vegetable Physiology, Meudon, Seine-et-Oise. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the College of France. Station staff. — Berthelot, Dir.; Andre. 1" Dir.; one assistant; gardener; laboratory assistant. Origin. — Established in 1883 on the domain of the ancient Castle of Meudon. Equipim ht. — Research laboratory containing a well-equipped analyt- ical room with adjoining balance room, room for optical and electrical instruments, dark room containing a saccharimeter and polariscope, library and reading room, storerooms, quarters for keeper, etc. There is also a large laboratory for the students. The grounds surrounding the laboratories are used for the cultivation of plants for experiments. Income. — For 1900, $965 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Investigations in the fixation of free nitrogen and of carbon; the formation of acids, sugars, and oils in plants; the pro- duction of heat in plants and animals, and other problems in the prov- ince of vegetable physiology. CEnolog-ical Station, Montpellier, Herault. Governing l><>ord. — Ministry of Agriculture. station staff. L. Roos, Dir.; L. Ravaz. d>ir. of Yit. Lab.; F. Chabert, Asst. 96 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Origin. — Montpellier is in the midst of vineyards, and wine produc- tion is such an important industry that for more than twenty-five years the National School of Agriculture at Montpellier has given consider- able attention to instruction and research in this branch of agricultural production. The station, as such, was established by the Ministiw of Agriculture in 1895. Equipment. — GEnological laboratory in one of the large school laboratory buildings; viticultural laboratory well equipped for the study of the vine and its diseases and pests; cenological and viticul- tural collections; wine cellars that can be regulated to &x\y desired temperature; the college vineyard of 17 acres containing many varie- ties of grapes. Income.— For 1900, $2,489.70 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,872.10; department, $289.50; city, $115.80; andan agricultural society, $212.30). Lines of work. —Experiments with different varieties of grapes; investigation of diseases and insect pests of the vine, especially phylloxera; study of problems in fermentation and the influence of temperature upon the same; and general research work in grape and wine production. Station for Sericulture, Montpellier, Herault. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. —Lambert, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1876 in connection with the School of Sericul- ture at Montpellier; annexed in 1880 to the National School of Agri- culture at Montpellier. Equipment. — A frame building containing three rooms for rearing silkworms, a place for mulberry leaves, a small laboratory, green- house for mulberry trees, and a room containing a large collection of cocoons and silk moths, specimens of raw and carded silk, microscopes and other instruments found in an entomological laboratory. Income. — For 1900, $1,251.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Experiments in rearing and caring for silkworms of different varieties, in combating diseases and pests that attack them, with different varieties of mulberry, and with other phases of silk production. Agricultural Station, Montpellier, Herault. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — H. Lagatu, Dir. Equipment. — Agricultural laboratory and other laboratories of the National School of Agriculture at Montpellier; fields belonging to the school; a field of about 65 acres, situated on a lower level than the school, which is used for sewage experiments. FRANCE. 97 Income. — For 1900, $1,544 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Cultural and manurial experiments with field crops, rotation experiments, and irrigation experiments with sewage. Agricultural Station, Nancy, Meurthe-et-Moselle. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff . — E. Colomb-Pradel, Dir.; E. Gain, Agr. Bot.; Dr. E. Mace, Agr. Bad.; A. Bourgeois, M. Alard, E. Cassez, Agr. and Vit.; j L. Thiry, Agr. Engin. and Rural Econ.; L. Cuenot, Agr. Ent., Zool., and Pisciculture; R. Blondel, Agr. Legislation; E. Heniy, For. and Geol.; P. Dieudonne, Vet. and Zoot. Origin. — In 1868 L. Grandeau founded at Nancy the Agricultural Station of the East. In 1890 this station was removed to Paris, and in its place was established the Agricultural Station of Nancy. Equipment. — Director's office and library and chemical laboratory. The station has the cooperation of several departments of the Univer- sity of Nancy and of the National School of Forestry, and in this way has the use of several special laboratories. Several members of the station staff are connected with other institutions and give but little time to station work. Income.— For 1900, 12,827.15 (Ministry of Agriculture, $738.23; department, $738.22; fees, $1,061.50; and $289.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture for field experiments). Lines of work. — Laboratory and research work in agricultural chem- Kstry; analysis of fertilizers and farm products for fees; investigations by the cooperating members of the staff in bacteriology, viticulture, entomology, veterinary science, etc. Recently the station has begun the publication of popular articles on agricultural topics, several of which are bound together in bulletin form. Agricultural Station of the Pasteur Institute, Nantes, Loire-Inferieure. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Pasteur Institute. Station staff. — A. Andouard, Dir.; P. Andouard, V. Dir.; A. Laidet, Asst.; three helpers. Origin. — In 1861 A. Bobierre opened at Nantes a departmental chemical laboratory; in 1884 it was reorganized by Andouard and became an agricultural experiment station. Equipment. — A departmental building containing ten rooms for analytical and research work, and experiment fields containing about 5J- acres. Income.— For 1900, $4,728.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $386; depart- ment, $3,860; fees, $482.50). Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and agricultural products, 22018— No. 112—02 7 98 EXPEKIMENT STATIONS IN FOEEIGN COUNTRIES. cultural and man u rial experiments with field crops, variety tests, bacteriological investigations, and other investigations with the agri- cultural products of the department. CEnological Station, Narbonne, Aude. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — L. Semichon, Dir.; Aatrue, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture, the expense of installation being borne jointly by the State and the Depart- ment of Aude. Equipment. — Laboratories and demonstration vineyards. Income— For 1900, $2,349.70 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,770.70; department and town, $579). Lines of work. — The research work includes the investigation of processes of wine manufacture; the study of the bacteriology of fer- mentation and of the diseases of the vine, such as oidium. phylloxera, mildew, black rot, etc.; a general investigation of the vine products of southern France. The station also conducts public institutes among the grape growers, makes gratuitous analyses, and conducts a number of demonstration experiments intended as object lessons to promote the use of modern methods of culture and the introduction of improved varieties of vines. Agricultural Laboratory, Nevers, Nievre. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and departmental pro- fessor of agriculture. Station staff: — Mancheron, Dir.; Lafontaine, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established October 1. 1882, through the cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Department of Nievre, the town, and the citizens of the department. Equipment. — Two laboratorv rooms and an office. Income.— For 1900, $1,061.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $96.50; department, $965). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, beets, and water. Agricultural Laboratory, Nimes, Gard. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and departmental pro- fessor of agriculture. Station staff. — B. Chauzit, Dir.; Meyssel and Hugues, Lah. Assts.; Abel and Martin, Helpers. Origin.— Established June 1, 1885, by the General Assembly of Gard with the cooperation of the Government, the town of Nimes, the Agricultural Society of Gard, and the agricultural committees of Alais, Uzes, and Vigan. FRANCE. 99 Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in a rented building and an experimental field of about 6 acres at a short distance from Nimes. Income.— For 1900, $1,003.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $231.60; department, $289.50; fees, $4S2.50). Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, foods, feeding stuffs, purines, and other agricultural products, and the making of agricul- tural maps. CEnological Station, Q,uai de la Fontaine, Nimes, Gard. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — E. Kayser, Dir.; G. Barbe, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Kstablished in 1895 by the Ministry of Agriculture aided by the department. Equipment. — Laboratory facilities in a rented building. Income.— For L900, $1,293.10 from the Ministry of Agriculture, Lines of work. -Research work in the production of wine, and the analysis of wines, musts, etc. Colonial Garden ( Colonial Garden of Vincennes), Nogent-sur-Marne. station staff. — J. Dybowski, Dir. upe: Agricultural Chemical Station, Elot, Dir. Ivory Coast: Experiment Station, Dabou, Teissonnier, Dir. Madagascar: Agricultural Experiment Station, Nahanisana, Fauchere, Dir. Martinique: Botanic Garden, Saint Pierre, Nollet, Dir. Reunion: Botanic Garden, St. Denis, E. Grimley, Dir. Senegal: Experiment station, St. Louis, Perruchot, Dir. Sudan : Experiment Station, Bammakou, Luc, Dir. Experiment Station, French Africa, Jacques, Dir. Agricultural station, K at i . Martret, Dir. Tunis: Experiment Station, Tunis, Guillochon, Dir. 100 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Laboratory, Olmet, Cantal. Govt rning hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — E. Duclaux, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1893 by Duclaux. Equipment. — Three rooms in a building belonging to Duclaux. Income. — For 1900, $77.20 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of * work. — Analysis of waters. Agricultural Laboratory, Orleans, Loiret. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental professor of agriculture. Station staff.- — Duplessis, Dir.; Piegard, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established July 2, 1888, by the Department of Loiret. Equipment. — Two large laboratories and an office in a rented building. Income— For 1900, $2,112.50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; department, $1,717.70; fees, $501.80). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, seeds, etc. The director is conducting somewhat extensive experiments with American phylloxera-resistant vines. Station of Agricultural Entomology, 16 Rue Claude Bernard, Paris. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agri- cultural Institute. Station staff. — Dr. Paul Marchal, Dir. Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture in March, 1891, at the National Agricultural Institute. Equipment — Two rooms containing entomological apparatus. Income. — For 1900, $1,251.50 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Determination of useful and noxious insects. Agricultural Station of the East, 48 Rue de Lille, Paris. Govt ming board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Society for the Encouragement of Agriculture. Station staff. — Prof. L. Grandeau, Dir.; E. Bartmann, Cham.; F. Alba, Asst. Origin. — The Agricultural Station of the East was founded at Nancy by L. Grandeau in 1868, and since that time has been under his con- tinuous direction. In 1890 Grandeau transferred his station to Paris. Equipment.— A rented laboratory at 18 Rue de Lille, and an exper- iment field of about If acres at the Pare des Princes, Avenue Victor Hugo. Income. For L900, $2,895 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,511; fees, $1,351). FRANCE. 101 Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations in agricultural chemistry, including analyses and research work for private persons, for which fees are collected; field experiments with various manures and com- mercial fertilizers and with field crops. Laboratory of Fermentations, Rue de l'Arbalete, Paris. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the National Agri- cultural Institute. Station staff, — E. Duclaux, Dir.; Kayser, Form. Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1888 and placed under the management of the National Agricultural Institute. Equijynru nt. — A chemical laboratory and several laboratories devoted to special investigations. Income.— Yox 1900, $1,987.90 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Lines of work. — Scientific investigation of problems arising in the process of brewing and distilling and of all products affected by fer- ments, including those of wine, cider, and milk. Station of Vegetable Pathology, 11 Rue d'Alesia, Paris. Governing 1»<istant> have conducted a series of experiments on the feeding of the draft horse. Agricultural Station. Petre. Vendee. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Prac- tical Agriculture. Station staff. — Touchard. Dir.; Fleckinger and M. Bonnotat, Chems. Origin. — Established in 1888 by Vauchez. aided by Government funds. Equipment. — Laboratory and demonstration fields. Income. — For 19o0. £1.235.20 from the Ministry of Agriculture. Linesof work: — Gratuitous analysis for farmers of a large number of >amples of fertilizers, soils, and agricultural products; scientific investigation of agricultural problems, including the study of fermen- tation in silage and the investigation of means for combating phyllox- era and other pe>t- of the vine; tield demonstrations; and the control of cooperative dairies. Agricultural Laboratory. Poitiers, Vienne. Goth rning board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Poitiers Faculty of Sciences. Station staff. — Roux, Dir.; Renault. Lab. Asst.; a helper. FRANCE. 103 Origin. — Established December 38, 1887. by the Poitiers Faculty of Sciences. Equipment. — Seven rooms in the Poitiers Faculty of Sciences building. Income.— For 1900, f 1,235.20 (Ministry of Agriculture, $193; depart- ment. $1,042.20). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, waters, wine, vinegar, and milk. Agricultural Station, Rennes, Ille-et-Vilaine. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the Rennes Faculty of Sciences. Station staff. — Gr. Lechartier, Dir.; Artus and Given. Lab. Assts. Origin. — Established in April. 1878, by the Ministry of Agriculture and Lechartier. Equipment. — Four rooms in the Faculty of Sciences building, a greenhouse, an experimental field of \\ acres at the Practical School of Agriculture of Crois-Croix. Income.— For 1900, $2,238.80 (Ministry of Agriculture, $1,042.20; Ministry of Public Instruction. 5< 1 7 : ) . 7 » » : department, $810.00: fees. §212.30). Lints of work.— Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, apples, flours, oil cakes, cider, etc.: and pomological investigations. Agricultural Station, Rethel, Ardennes. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Prac- tical Agriculture of Rethel. Station staff. — Coutte, Dir.; De Gironcourt. Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established November 1, 1893, at the expense of the Gov- ernment and Linard, a member of the Chamber of Deputies. Equipment. Two rooms in the School of Practical Agriculture and an experiment held of 1 acre. Income.— Fox 1900, $810.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $617.(30; fees, $193). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, and forage crops. Agricultural Station, Rouen, Seine-Inferieure. Governing board.— Ministry of Agriculture. Statin,, staff. — A. Houzeau, Dir. The director has the assistance of several men at the station, and also the cooperation of a score or more of trained men who have charge of the demonstration fields of the Department of Seine-Inferieure. Origin. Established May 1. L883, by the department. Equipment. — Several laboratories for technical experiments; one 104 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. research laboratory; a garden for cultural experiments; an orchard containing many varieties of apples and pears from which scions for grafting are taken and distributed among the fruit growers of the department; the control of a number of demonstration fields. Income.— For 1900, $4,940.80 (Ministry of Agriculture. $193; Min- istry of Public Instruction and local contributions, $4,400.40; fees, $347.40). Lines of work. — Analysis of mineral and organic manures, soils, waters, feeding stuffs, milk, butter, cider fruits, ciders, etc.; investi- gation of problems in agriculture and agricultural chemistry; and station extension work, which includes the distribution of scions from improved varieties of cider fruits, and demonstrations in growing- wheat, oats, rape, flax, sugar beets, and other crops, in destroying- charlock with iron sulphate, and in rational stock feeding. Analyses for the cultivators of the department are gratuitous. Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Rouen, Seine-Inferieure. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — Paul Noel. Dir.; two helpers. Origin. — Established October 1. 1890, by the Department of Seine- Inferieure. Equipment. — Nine rooms in a rented building and a garden of 1J acres. Income— For 1900, $2,219. 50 (Ministry of Agriculture, $772; depart- ment, $1,447.50). Lines of work. — Determination of useful and noxious insects. Agricultural Laboratory, Saint-Etienne, Loire. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the School of Mines at Saint-Etienne. Station staff. — Etienne, Dir.; Ville. Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established in 1890 at the request of the Department of Loire. Equipment. — Building containing three rooms and cellar. Income.— For 1900, $984.30 (Ministry of Agriculture, $57.90; Minis- try of Public Works, $154.40; department, $96.50; School of Mines, $193; fees, $482.50). Lines of work— Analysis of fertilizers and water. Agricultural Station, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne. Governing board. Ministry of Agriculture and Toulouse Faculty of Sciences. Station staff.— Fabre, Dir.; Prunet, V. Dir.; Gayand, Form.; a gardener. FRANCE. 105 i Origin.— Established October 24, 1802. by the Ministry of Public l Instruction. In Equipment. — The laboratory facilities of the station are in a build- ing of the University of Toulouse, and include four agricultural- i- chemical laboratories, three botanical laboratories, a microscope room, two workrooms, a balance room, and a museum. The station also has access to the Observatory of Toulouse and an experimental field of 2£ \ acres. Income.— For 1900, 11,341.35 (Ministry of Agriculture. $579; Minis- 1 try of Public Instruction. $579: department, $183.35). j Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. CEnological Station, Toulouse, Haute-Garonne. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — J. Vincens, Dir.; Lacassagne, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established in 1900 by decree of the Ministry of Agri- culture. Equipment.- — Five rooms in a building belonging to the city. Income. — For 1900, $1.791.im> (Ministry of Agriculture. $1,717.70; department. £38.60: agricultural society, $38.60). lines of work. — Scientific investigations in connection with the wine- making industry; and the analysis of musts, wines, and grapes. Agricultural Laboratory, Tours, Indre-et-Loire. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — L. Robin. Dir.; Bertrand, Lab. Asst. Origin. — Established July 10, 1890, by M. Chataignier and Robin with the cooperation of the Department of Indre-et-Loire. Equipment. — Three rooms furnished by the town. Income.— For 1900, $1,968.60 (Ministry of Agriculture, $579; depart- ment. $636.90; fees. §752.70). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, seeds, and building materials; and studies of methods of vinification. Agricultural Laboratory, Versailles, Seine-et-Oise. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and the departmental professor of agriculture. Station staff. — Riviere Dir.; Bailhache and Duhamel. Lab. Assts. Origin.— Established July 1. 1885, by the General Assembly of Seine-et-Oise. Equipment.- — Five rooms in the departmental building at the pre- fecture, and an experiment field of over L2 acres at Martiniere. Income.— For 1900, $2,412.50 (Ministry of Agriculture. $193; depart- ment. *2,l>19.50). 106 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, water, feeding- stuffsj apples, and seeds. Laboratory of Horticultural Research, Versailles, Seine-et-Oise. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff. — A. Petit, Dir. Origin. — The laboratory was organized in connection with the National School of Horticulture at Versailles. Equipment. — A laboratory and the gardens of the School of Horti- culture, which cover about 25 acres. Income.— For 1900, $636.90 from the Ministry of Public Instruction. Lines of work. — Research work in fruit and vegetable gardening, cultivation under glass, and nursery operations. Station for Viticulture, Villefranche, Rhone. Station staff. — V. Vermorel, Dir. Lines of work. — Investigations in grape production, including tests of phylloxera-resistant vines and a study of the diseases of the vine; and experiments with explosives for the prevention of hailstorms. FRENCH KONGO. Experiment Station, Libreville. a Station staff. — C. Chalot, Dir. Origin. — Supposed to have had its origin in the Kerelle Garden, which was established about 1850 and several times abandoned and restored. The station as now constituted, however, was established in 1887. Equipment. — Trial grounds covering about 40 acres under culti- vation. Income.— Budget for 1901, $2,925.88. Lines of work. — Culture and distribution of varieties of cacao, vanilla, coffee, cocoa, cloves, pepper, bananas, oranges, and other tropical productions, and ornamental trees; the introduction of forage plants, fruits, and vegetables. GERMAN EAST AFRICA. Agricultural Experiment Station, Usambara. In 1896 a station was established at Usambara for the purpose of determining the adaptability of the country Avest of the Luengera to tropica] agriculture, general agriculture, and stock raising. Experi- ments are conducted at different altitudes with native and introduced tropical plants to determine those best suited to cultivation in that region. Later thv station is to supply these plants and seeds on a "See Colonial (Jarden, Nogent-sur-Marne, p. 99. GERMANY. 107 ~i commercial scale. Another object of the station is to ascertain how far he country may be suited to the colonizing of German settlers, the imount of capital required to start in different kinds of farming, and he probable profits. GERMANY. ■ In Germany there is no central department of agriculture, no cen- tal authority having control of experiment stations or agricultural education, no uniform system of management for these institutions. The Empire is a confederation of 26 states (kingdoms, grand duchies, luchies. and free states), each having its own system of government so I "ar as the management of local affairs is concerned. Only one of these " jtates, Prussia, maintains a department of agriculture distinct from )ther departments of the Government; others place the administration )f agricultural interests under the department of the interior or some )ther branch of the Government. From this condition of affairs it ratu rally follows that there are no federal experiment stations in Grermany. Nor were the German experiment stations organized by ' the states, but for the most part by associations of farmers, brewers, md other patrons, by whom they were at first almost entirely sup- ported and from whom they now receive more than two-thirds of their funds, either through societies or as fees. Nearly all of the stations ire subsidized by their respective governments, but few of them receive from this source all that is needed for running expenses, i The management of the stations is as far from uniform as were the methods of establishing them. Some are under the direct control of the state or provincial departments of agriculture, some under the management of schools with which they are connected, some under committees appointed by societies, and others combine two or even three of these methods. The only real bond of union between German experiment stations is found in the Association of Agricultural Experi- ment Stations in the German Empire, which was organized at Weimar, January 22, 1888, for the purpose of securing the " greatest practi- cable uniformity in the examination and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, and other important agricultural supplies." This associa- tion meets annually and discusses not only analytical methods, but also matters concerning nomenclature, valuation of nutrients, training* and placing of assistants, and other questions of policy. The associa- tion has proven so satisfactory that the need of federal organization has not been felt in Germany. Seed Control Station, Arendsee, Saxony. Governing board. — Under the management of the Agricultural Winter School at Arendsee, with which it is connected. Sf,ttn>n staff. Dr. P. Herzberg, Dir. Lints of work. — Seed control. 108 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Experiment Station, Augsburg, Bavaria. (Institute for Agricultural Investigation.) Governing hoard. — Under the control of the agricultural societies! $ of Schwaben and Neuburg. Station staff.— Dr. M. Hagen, Dir.; Drs. W. Meyer and F. Wild! Assts.; one helper. • ¥ Origin. — Established in 1865 at Memmingen; removed in 1869 tcP Augsburg. Equipment. — A modern laboratoiy in a special building. Income. — For 1900, $3,094 (agricultural societies of Schwaben and Neuburg, $238; fees, $2,856). Lines of work. — Investigation of fertilizer problems; and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, foods, milk and dairy products. Ques- tions along the line of agricultural chemistry suggested by the admin- istration receive attention. Contracts are made with manufacturers) and merchants to establish the guaranty of their wares and to invest! gate or settle questions of dispute between them and their customers Agricultural Experiment Station, Augustenberg, Baden. 8 Governing hoard. — Ministry of the Interior of the Grand Duchy of Baden. Station staff.— Prof. I. Behrens, Dir.; Drs. F. Muth and von Wahl] Assts. Bot.; Drs. Loos, Stang, Schaller, and Horn, Assts. (linn. Origin. — Established in the summer of 1901 by uniting the two stations in Karlsruhe (the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station established in 1859 and the Agricultural Botanical Experiment Station established in 187:2) and moving them to Augustenberg. Equipment. — Pending the erection of buildings, the station occupies a building belonging to the Augustenberg Agricultural Winter School and also uses for experimental purposes the extensive tields and vine- yards belonging to the school. Income. — The estimated income for 1901, $8,687. Lines of work. — The transfer of the station from Karlsruhe to Augustenberg lias interrupted temporarily the more important scien- tific work of the station and only the most pressing work, such as investigation of w ines, the making of pure cultures, and control work with seeds, fertilizers, and feeding stuffs, is now carried on. Later, however, the station will extend its operations to include anything of scientific interest in connection with the production of grapes, tobacco, hops, wine, and cereals. a Post-office address, Grotzingen. GERMANY. 109 1 astitute for Fermentation Industries and Starch Manufacture, Seestrasse, Berlin, Prussia. Govei^ning hoard. — Dr. Thiel, of the Ministry of Agriculture; Dr. Jthoff, of the Ministry of Education: and Prof. Vogler, rector of ie Royal Agricultural High School of Berlin. Station staff. — Prof. Max Delbruck, Dir.; Profs. Von Ecken- recher. Windisch, Lindner. Drs. Saare. Struve. Rothenbach, Schon- pld, Reniy. and Hoffman, and Engineer Goslich. Chief s of Dim. ; Drs. leinzelmann. Matthes, Lange. Parow. Wilke, Konig. Henneberg, >onath. Nagel, Neumann. Marienhagen, Hander. Behrend. Hasse, lay man n, Rommel. Hartmann. Griming, Vogelsang. Reich. Von Hot, Keil. Hiithig. Dennhart. Kownatzki. Engineers Haack and telkers. and M. Student, F. Goldiner. Handow. Assts. Or <n. — The institute was organized as the result of a popular emand for instruction and scientific investigation in industries related ;> brewing, distilling, and starch production. The grounds and exten- ve buildings belong to the Government, but the machinery and the quipment and all the funds necessary for carrying on the work of the :ation are provided by the following societies: Association of German distillers (Von Grass). Association of German Starch Manufacturers 5chulze). Association of German Corn Distillers and Compressed "east Manufacturers (Bar. von Gillhaussen), Association of German 'inegar Manufacturers (C. Maskopf). Association of Brewers in Berlin p. Goldschmidt). Each society, through its representative (mentioned i parentheses above) has charge of the work of its particular depart- lent. Equipment. — Experimental laboratories: machine testing room; for ach division machinery and equipment necessary for the manufacture t its respective product on a wholesale scale; 15 acres of land. Income. — The institute received in 1900 from the various societies lentioned above about £202,300. Lin** of irnrl'. — The manufacture of malt and distilled liquors, starch, inegar. etc. : investigation of chemical and bacteriological problems l connection with the production of these commodities; testing ma- linery used in breweries, distilleries, etc.; cultural and fertilizer xperiments with barley, potatoes, and hops. Experiment Station of the German Agricultural Society, Berlin. Governing hoard. — Committee of the German Agricultural Society. Station stuff. — Dr. H. Thiesing. Dir.; Drs. Pritzkow. Zahn. and lofker, Assts.; one stenographer: two helpers. Origin. — Opened in 1894. Income. — The station receives its support entirely from fees for avestigations. Liros of trnrk. — The station performs scientific investigations to etermine the best methods of removing and utilizing garbage. 110 EXPEKIMENT STATIONS IN FOEEIGN COUNTRIES. Experiment Station for Milling, Berlin. Governing hoard. — Royal Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff— Prof. L. Wittmack, Dir.; two assistants. Origin. — Organized in 1899 by the Association of German Millers. Equipment. — Connected with the Royal Agricultural High School of Berlin and makes use of its buildings. The necessary apparatus is provided by the Association of German Millers. Income— For 1900. $952. Li ins <,f marl-. — Investigation of flour and bran for the board of customs. Agricultural Ministry. Millers' Union, and private persons; also of oil cakes and feeding stuffs for private persons; giving advice to millers and bakers: investigation of the baking qualities of varie- ties of wheat and of methods of estimating starch, ash, fat. etc.. in flour and bran; determination of the role of lactic-acid and butyric- acid bacteria in baking processes. Biological Division for Agriculture and Forestry of the Royal Board of Health, Berlin. Governing hoard. — Dr. Kohler. Pres. Station staff. — Dr. Fr. von Tubeuf. Dir. 4»5: Association of the Beet- Sugar Industry. £l.r.X>; German Agricultural Society. £357: Sales Syndicate of the Kali Works at Stassfurt, $714). Lines of work. — The investigation of problems in the growth and nutrition of plants, especially sugar beets, by the sand-culture method perfected by Hellriegel. Among the problems studied, that relating to the source of nitrogen for leguminous plants is one of the most important. It was through the investigations of Hellriegel and Wil- farth at this station that the relation between root-tubercle bacteria and the fixation of nitrogen was discovered. The investigation of fertilizers has also been an important line of work. Agricultural Experiment Station, Bonn, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Five members elected from the Agricultural Society of the Rhine Province and the director of the station. Station staff.— Dr. E. Herfeldt. Dir.; Drs. F. Kretchmer and H. Hecker. Chiefs of Die; four assistants; two laboratory assistants; two clerks: four to six helpers. Origin. — Founded in 1856 by the Agricultural Society of the Rhine Province, and since 1898 has included three divisions: (1) Division for testing manures and soils. (2) division of fertilizers and seeds, and (3) division for testing milk and dairy product-. Equipment. — For laboratory work the station has seven rooms on the ground floor and three in wings of the Agricultural Academy building: for held experiments it has the use of several fields in different localities. Income.— For 1900, £11,900 (State. $1,190; province, *7U: fees. $9,996). Lines of work. — Scientific experiments in the interest of agriculture and the investigation of plant diseases. The station is authorized to train food chemists. The Institute of Animal Physiology of the Agricultural Academy ( Poppelsdorf Bonn. Governing board.— The, station is placed under the management of the board of control of the Agricultural Academy. Station staff. — Prof. Oscar Hagemann, Dir. : Prof . Wohltmann. Dir. Krj>t. Field; Drs. Dambmann and Elias and J. Huth. Assts. < >ri< i hoard, — (Vacant). Station staff. — Dr. M. Schmoger, Dir.; Drs. von Wissell and Von Wiilknitz, Assts.; two helpers. Origin.— Founded in 1877 by the Agricultural Central Society of West Prussia. Incoine.—Yov 1900, $4,783.80 (State, $1,975.40; province, $1,023.40; West Prussian Agricultural Ministry. £23*; fees. £1.547). Lines of work. — Seed control and scientific investigations. Agricultural Experiment Station, Darmstadt, Hesse. Governing hoard. — Two representatives from each of the three agri- cultural societies of the duchy, and one representative from the Gov- ernment — Economic Counsellor Mutter. Station staff.— Prof. P. Wagner, Dir.; Dr. R. Dorsch, V. Dir. a ml Asst. Chem.; Fr. Aschoff, Drs. Theodor and Gilbert, Peters, Assts. el,,, Dr. Ruths. Asst. Agr.; Metzger, Bookkeepi r; Kadel, Sten.; Korbacher, Steward; Leibner, Gard.; Lang, Lai). Asst.; Recke, Haas, Barth, Office Helpers. Origin. — Founded in 1871 by the ducal government cooperating with some of the leading farmers of the duchy; reorganized in 1S74, and removed in 1877 to the new buildings erected for its accommodation. 116 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment. — A laboratory building, which is also the director's residence; greenhouse; several sheds; and two experiment gardens. The laboratory building contains a large laboratory room, library, director's private study, and other rooms. The station is especially equipped for the Wagner method of pot experiments. Income.— For 1900, 112,852 (State, $4,998; fees, 17,854). Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations in agricultural chemistry; pot and field experiments to determine the relative value of various commercial fertilizers, green manures, and barnyard manures; the causes of losses and of the incomplete utilization of nitrogen in barn- yard manures; the utilization of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash by cereals and legumes; the injurions effects of certain chemicals on commercial fertilizers; nutrient solutions for plant cultures, and the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by plants. The station exercises control over fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds, and has been one of the leading agencies in the introduction of Thomas slag as a cheap source of phosphorus among the farmers in Germany. Dairy Experiment Station of the Association of Hessian Agricultural Societies, Darmstadt. Governing hoard. — Committee of the Association of Hessian Agri- cultural Societies. Station staff.— Dr. J. Uhl, Dir.; Dr. Otto Weitz, Asst.; Ottomar Henzold, Bad.; and two helpers. Origin. — Founded in 1893 at Offenbach-on-the-Main by the Asso- ciation of Hessian Agricultural Societies; removed in the autumn of L900 to Darmstadt. In 1899 a bacteriological division was organized. Tncome.— For 1900, $3,570 (State, $476; fees, $3,094). Lines of work. — Investigations of milk, dairy products, and mate- rials used in dairying; also of pure cultures for ripening cream and curing cheese. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Dbbeln, Saxony. ( rovt rn ing hoard. — Under the control of the Agricultural High School at Dobeln, from which it receives part of its support. Station staff. Prof. W. Wolf, Dir. Origin. Founded in 1872 by the government of Saxony. Equipment.— & new laboratory completed in 1900. Income. For L900, $142.80 (not including salaries and funds for building) from the State. Lines of work. Investigation of feeding stuffs, milk, etc., and of the physics and chemistry of fertilizers and soils. GERMANY. 117 Chemical and Physiological Experiment Station of the Veterinary High School, Dresden, Saxony. Governing board. — The Royal Veterinary Commission. Station stuff. — Prof. Ellenberger, Dir.; Dr. M. Klimmer, CKem. Origin. — Founded in 186^ and reorganized in 1876 by the State. Equipment. — Uses the laboratory and equipment of the Veterinary High Sehool. Income. — For 1900, $833 (not including* salaries) from the State. Lines of work. — Chemical and physiological investigations with domestic animals. Experiment Station for Plant Culture at the Botanical Garden, Dresden. Governing board. — One government representative and eight mem- bers who represent: The Royal Agricultural Commission of Saxony. District Agricultural Society of Dresden. Tharand Forestry Academy, horticulture, and the Tharand and Dresden stations themselves, which are under the same governing board. Station staff.— Prof. O. Drude, Dir.; Dr. B. Steglich, Agr.; Ledien. Gard. Insp. Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the State. Equipment. -Vegetation house, hothouses, hotbeds, botanical gar- den covering about -H acres, vegetable garden, and orchard. Inm>. For L900, about $2,856 from the State. Lines of work. — Cultural field experiments to test methods of cul- ture and varieties of farm crops; investigations in pomology, clima- tology, and vegetable pathology; analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. Control Station for Fertilizers, Feeding Stuffs, Foods, and Seeds, Ebstorf, Prussia. Govt rning board. — (Vacant). Station staff. -Dr. F. Bente, Dir. Origin.— Founded in 1871 as a seed control station by the Li'meburg Provincial Agricultural and Forestry Society. In 188J the control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs was added to the work of the station. Income— For 1900, $51.74. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, foods, and seeds. Control Station, Eldena, Prussia. Governing board. — Board of Control: Von Loesewitz, Von Below, Von Wolfradt, Dietrich. Station staff. — Arn. von Homey er. Dir. 118 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Origin. — Founded in 1878 by the Baltic Central Society. Income.— For 1900. $1,071 (Agricultural Ministry, $119; fees, $880.60; miscellaneous, $71.10). Lines of work. — Investigation of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; and other work in the interest of agriculture. School for Pomology and Agricultural Winter School, Friedberg*, Hesse. Staff. — Dr. von Peter. Dir.; Karl Reichert, Bot. Equipment. — Building containing chemical and physiological labo- ratories, office of director, library, fruit and wine cellars, workrooms, etc.: and an orchard. Lines of work. — Experiments in the production and utilization of fruits, and investigation of orchard pests and diseases. Dairy Experiment Station of the Dairy School, Fulda, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Chairman of the Dairy Association, general sec- retary of the Cassel Ministry of Agriculture, one representative of the government of Cassel. one representative of the constitutional estate and town of Fulda. Station staff. — Rud. Backhaus. Dir.; Dr. Krueger, Lao. Dir.; two laboratory assistants. Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Cassel Ministry of Agriculture. Equipment. — Large chemical and bacteriological laboratory, modern dairy equipment, and cheese-making machinery. Income. — For 1900, $3,046.40 from the Cassel Department of Agri- culture and the Prussian Government. Lines of work. — The station is connected with the dairy school at Fulda, and investigates dairy problems for the school. About 20.000 pounds of milk are used daily. Experiment Station for Pomology, Viticulture, and Gardening-, Geisenheim- on-the-Rhine, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Royal Prussian Minister of Agriculture, Dr. Fr. Muiler. Station staff. — R. Goethe, Dir. of Institute. Origin. — The institute with which the station is connected was founded in 1872 by the Royal Prussian Ministry of Agriculture. In addition to the investigations carried on in connection with the tech- nical instruction at the institute, more or less independent experiments are carried on by the experiment station, which comprises two divi- sions, as follows: Division for Pomology, Viticulture, and Fermentation Investigations. Station staff. — Dr. J. Wortmann, Dir.; Dr. R. Meissner, and K. Feehner, Assts. GERMANY. 119 Equipment.— Laboratory building and apparatus used by both the institute and the experiment station. Income.— For 1900, $1,749.30 from the State. Lines of work. — Investigations in fruit culture, viticulture, wine production, pure yeast cultures, and other related subjects; also in plant diseases. Division of Applied Chemistry. Station staff. — R. Windisch, Dir.; Behme, Dr. Roeling, Assts.; gardener; clerk; and laboratory assistant. Equipment. — Laboratory in a wing of the wine-press house of the institute. Income.— For 1900, $2,199 (State, $2,039.66; fees, $459.34). Lines of work. — Chemical investigations with special reference to wine production. Animal Physiological Experiment Station, Gottingen, Prussia. Govern ing board. — A commission consisting of three members of the Royal Agricultural Society of the Province of Hanover: Jahns, Wie- hrechts/iausen; Beseler, Weende; Prof. F. Lehmann, Gottingen. Station staff. — Prof. F. Lehmann, Dir.; Drs. Biilow and Lipczynski, Assts. Origin. — Established at Celle in 1852 by the Royal Agricultural Society of Hanover; removed to Weende in 1857 and placed in charge of W. Henneberg; removed to Gottingen in 1874. Equipment. — Half of the first story of the main building of the Agricultural Institute, with laboratories, stables for cattle, sheep, and swine, Pettenkofer respiration apparatus. Income— For 1900, $6,188 from the State. Lines of work. — Experiments in animal nutrition, especially feeding and digestion experiments with milch cows and fattening sheep. Henneberg's work at Weende in studying the laws of the nutrition of ruminants is classic, and forms the basis of our present knowledge of the subject. The Weende methods of fodder analysis is another important contribution to science. Experiment Field of the Agricultural Institute of the University, Gottingen. Governing board. — Curator of the university. Station *ff. Field and Park for Domestic Animals; W. Peters, Overseer of Lark for Domestic Animals; C. Schoenemann, Form , of Expt. Field. Origin. — Founded in 1803 in connection with the Agricultural Insti- tute of the University of Halle. Equipment.—* Experiment fields, park, agricultural and physio- logical laboratories, vegetation house, and the laboratories of the institute. Income. — For 1890, a subsidy of $285.60 and other necessary funds from the Agricultural Institute. Lines of work. — Investigations in animal and plant nutrition and diseases, including methods of culture, sugar-beet diseases and culture, and green manuring; determination of feeding standards; cattle breed- ing and experiments to determine losses of nitrogen in manures. 122 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Botanical Experiment Station, Hamburg-. Governing board. — Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture. Station staff.— Dr. Oscar Burchard, Dir. Origin. — Organized in 1891, and in 1897 brought under the control of the Schleswig-Holstein Ministry of Agriculture. Equipment. — Laboratory containing special apparatus for testing seeds and flours, and an experiment field. Income— For 1900, $711 (Ministry of Agriculture, $178.50; fees, $535.50). Lines of work. — Vegetation and tillage experiments; seed testing; microscopic investigation of feeding stuffs, botanical articles of commerce, etc. Botanical Museum and Laboratory for Commercial Products, Hamburg-. Stat wn staff. — Prof. Sadebeck, Dir. The museum includes two divisions devoted to the investigation of commercial seeds and plants: (1) Division for seed control, founded in 1891, Dr. A. Voigt, Dir.; income for 1900, $901.10. (2) Division for plant protection, founded by the State in 1898, Dr. C. Brick, Dir.; income for 1900, $595. This division controls the importation of live plants from foreign countries, investigates means of repression in the case of outbreaks of plant diseases, and exercises control over the grape nurseries, vineyards, and orchards in the region. Agricultural Experiment Station for the Study of Plant Growth, Hamburg-Horn. Station staff. — Dr. M. Ullmann, Dir. andAgr.; Dr. Grimm, Chem.; Dr. H. Schmidt, Asst. Chem.; two laboratory helpers; one gardener; in the experimental work, two stewards, twelve agricultural students. Origin. — Founded by the Society of German Fertilizer Manu- facturers. Lines of work. — -Investigations in plant growth, especially of various commercial fertilizers in their effect upon field crops and meadows. Dairy Experiment Station, Hameln, Prussia. Governing board.— The, curator of the Royal Agricultural Society of Hanover. Station staff. — Prof. P. Vieth, Dir.; one assistant; two helpers. Origin. — Founded in 1893 by the Royal Agricultural Society of Celle. Income. For 1900, $3,165.40 (State, $2,142; society, $380.80; fees, $642.60). Lines of work. — Investigation of dairy problems for the Royal Agri- cultural Society and for private persons. GERMANY. 123 Agricultural Experiment Station, Hildesheim, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture for the Province of Hanover: Von Rheden, Rheden; Wrede, Ringelheim; Dr. Frhr. Grote. Juhnde; Fr. von Busche, ffimnefeld. Station staff. — Dr. Carl Aumann, Dir.; Drs. Wehner and Sund- ! macher, and R. Reinmann. Assts. Origin. — Founded in 1870 by the General Agricultural and Forestry Society of Hildesheim; from L8T8-1889 under the Royal Agricultural Society of Celle; since then under the Ministry of Agriculture for the - Province of Hanover. ^ Equipment. — Laboratory building. Income.— For 1900, $8,001 (State, $1,071; provincial government, $50; fees, $b\12tf; miscellaneous. $157). Lines of work. Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; experiments in agricultural technology and fertilizers. •A The station is a public institution for the investigation of foods and condiments. Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Institute, Hohenheim, Wurttemberg-. Governing hoard, ruder the control of the Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction. Station staff— Ernst V. Strebel, Dir. o/Agr. Inst. Agricultural Chemical Station: Prof. A. Morgen, Dir.; Prof. Herman Sieglin, V. Dir.andAgr.; Dr. Zielstorff, Berger, Fingerling, and Doll, Chems.; Igler, Asst. in Okem.; W. Starz. Sten.; four helpers. Seed Testing Station: Prof. O. Kirchner, Dir. and Bot.; Dr. J. SVIichalowski, Asst. Station for Testing Agricultural Implements: Prof. Carl Fruwirth, Dir. Institute of Technology: Prof. Paul Behrend, Dir. Meteorological Station: Prof. Mack. Dir. Origin. — The Agricultural Institute was founded in 1847; the Agri- cultural Chemical Station, in L865; the Seed Testing Station, in 1877; Station for Testing Agricultural Implements, in L883; experiments in lairying, fermentations, fish culture, etc., in connection with the Institute of Technology, from 1891 to 1894. Equipment. — The station building, erected in 1899 at a cost of 126,180, contains 11 workrooms, storerooms, and apartments for the director and his servant. The old building contains 2 workrooms and ipartments for 3 chemists. There are also stables containing feeding- stalls, dairy buildings, an experimental brewery, an implement hall, a glass vegetation house containing tracks and 18 cars in which some 124 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 400 zinc pots used in vegetation experiments are moved about, a lysim- eter, experiment fields covering 18 acres, reservoirs, meteorological and other apparatus, etc. Znco?rw.—For 1900: Agricultural Chemical Station, $6,223.70 f rod the State: Seed Testing Station, $1,400. Lines of work. — The work of the Agricultural Chemical Station includes pot and Held experiments in plant growth and plant nutrition, experiments in animal nutrition, analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs, investigation of diseases of plants and animals, investi- gation of soils; the Seed Testing Station — test and control of seeds, variety tests, etc.; the Station for Testing Agricultural Implements — dynamometric and other tests of harvesters, mowing machines, and all kinds of farm machinery and implements; Institute of Technology — investigation of milk and dairy products, growing of pure cultures of yeasts, and investigations in wine production and in the breeding of fish, poultry, and farm animals. Agricultural Experiment Station, Insterburg-, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Committee appointed by the Provincial Agri- cultural Central Society. Station staff.— Dr. W. Hoff'meister. Dir.; Dr. H. Sinnhold and Miss Schulemann, Assts. Origin. — Founded in 1858 by the Agricultural Central Society of Lithuania and Atazoria. Income.— For 1900, $3,498 (State, $1,071; province, $238; Agri- cultural Central Society, $285; fees. $1,904). Lines of work. — Investigations in plant physiology; control of ferti- lizers, seeds, foods, and condiments Agricultural Experiment and Control Station of the University, Jena, Saxe-Weimar. Govern! rig hoard. — Prof. H. Settegast, Dir. of Agr. Inst, of the Uui lurxity (f Jena. Station staff. — I. Division of Chemistry; , Chief; Drs. L. Lemmermann and C.Wallnitz. K. Riecke. .4^./ two helpers. II. Division of Agriculture: Prof. Edler, Chief; Geerkens, Asst. III. Division of Animal Physiology: Dr. Kunnemann, Chief Origin. — Founded in 1861 by the State. h'nn ,,t. — The station makes use of the institute laboratories and an experiment Held of 1£ acres. Income.— ^or L900, about $3,808 ($1,416.10 from Weimar. Alten- burg, Weiningen. and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen; receipts from experiments and control work about $2,391). Lines of work.— -Experiments in plant and animal nutrition; inves- tigation of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and foods; seed control. GERMANY. 125 '"it District Agricultural Field and Experiment Station, Kaiserlautern, Bavaria. Governing hoard. — Agricultural committee of the palatinate. Station staff. — Dr. Pro we. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the president of the palatinate. Equipment. — Laboratory, experiment field containing nearly 41 teres, farmyard, and stables. Income. — For 1900, $ 2,380 from the agricultural committee. Lines of work. — Field and fertilizer experiments; investigation of fertilizer production and conservation and of dairy products. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Kempen-on-the-Rhine, Prussia. Governing board. — A committee of the Rhine Province Farmers' Society: W. Hers tat t (Chair.), Marsdorf. Station staff. — Dr. Gottfr. Fassbender, Dir.; Jos. Kern, M. Juncker, Dr. A. Y. Grevillius, Assts.; two laboratory assistants; three lerks; two helpers. Origin. — Founded in 1883 by the Rhine Province Farmers' Society. Equipment.— Chemical laboratory and dairy laboratory, the latter arected in 1896. Income,— For 1900, $7,806.40 (province, $714; fees, $6,932.94; mis- cellaneous, $159.46). Lines of work. — Investigation of farm products, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, etc.; control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; and dairy investigations. Agricultural Experiment Station of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Province Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Prussia. This station was founded in 1870 by the Schleswig-Holstein Agri- cultural Central Society, and reorganized and broadened in 1877 to include three divisions, each with an independent staff. For the sup- port of these divisions the State appropriates $2,142, but each division also receives fees for analyses. Agricultural Chemical Division. Station staff. — Prof. A. Emnierling, Dir.; Drs. H. Wehnert, C. Naumann, W. von Westphalen, and L. Frank, Assts. Equipment. — A chemical laboratory containing apparatus for experi- mental and control work. Income. — For 1900, a share of the $2,142 appropriated by the State, and about $2,963 in fees. Lines of work. — Field experiments, investigations in plant growth and agricultural chemistry, analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. 126 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Dairy Division. Station staff.— Prof. H. Weigmann, Dir.; J. Nissius, V.Dir.; Dr. Pegoua, Chem.; Dr. Gruber, Bad.; Dr. Lauderwald. Asst.; O. Linde- mann, Form, of Dairy. Equipment. — Two laboratories, one a modern dairy building with cheese rooms; experiment barn for ten cows. The station uses about 2,000 pounds of milk per da}'. Income. — For 1900, a share of the ^2,112 appropriated by the State, and fees amounting to about $5 To. Lines of work. — The work of the dairy division is divided into two parts: (1) Chemical and bacteriological investigations; (2) investiga- tions and control of dairy products and instruction in dairying. Feeding Stuffs Division. Station staff. — Dr. C. Reese, Dir.; Dr. Ruppin, V.Dir.; Fr. Freist, Chem.; W. Stengel, Chem.; Dr. GL Ritzmann, Asst. Income. — For 1900, a share of the $2,142 appropriated by the State, and fees amounting to about $T,T56. Lines of work. — Investigation of feeding stuffs for the chiefs of police in the province, except in Altona, and for other officers and private citizens. Seed Control Station, Kiel. The station is a private institution under the control of Prof. H. Rodewald, director of the Agricultural Institute of Christian] Albrecht's University, who is also director of the station, and makes use of the apparatus of the institute. He is the inventor of the well- known Rodewald apparatus for testing seed germination. Income.— For 1900, $1,261.10 (agricultural society, 971.40; fees, $1,190). Lines of work. — Testing and control of seeds. Dairy Experiment Station and Institute, Kleinhof-Tapiau, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Kreiss, Konigsberg; Stockel, Insterburg; Gluer, Gergehnm; Plehn, Grujype; Dohn^Wunlacken; Dr. Alex. Backhaus, Konigsberg; Dr. K. Hittcher. Station staff. — Dr. K. Hittcher, Dir.; Prylewski, Chem.; Mor- schOck, Chem.; J. Gosch, Dairyman. igin. — Founded in 1887 by the three agricultural central socie- ties of Fast and West Prussia. Equipment. -The station possesses a modern daiiT laboratory, pro- vided with electric lights and motors for running the dairy apparatus. It is located on the royal domain, the keeper of which, Herr Amtsrath Schrewe, bas placed his dairy of about 1,200 cows at the disposal of tlie -tat ion for experimental purposes. GERMANY. 127 Tneome. — The station is mainly self-supporting, but receives aid from the State, the Province of East Prussia, and the agricultural cor- porations of East and West Prussia. Lines of work. — Practical and experimental investigation of dairy problems including feeding experiments with dairy cows; experi- ments in making and curing cheese; tests of strainers, separators, and other dairy apparatus: laboratory investigations with pure cultures, ere. Agricultural Experiment Station, Konigsberg-. Prussia. Governing hoard. — Reich. Meyken; Prof. Ritthausen; Kuhn, Kor- nieten; Kreiss, Konigsberg; Magnus. Holstevn. Station staff.— Prof. G. Klien. Dir. and Ch.m.; Drs. A. Kohler. Alfred Lemcke, and F. Munich. Assts. Origin. — Founded in 1875 by the East Prussian Agricultural Cen- tral Society. Income.— For 1900, $5,950 (State. 81.190: province. S23S: fees. $4,522). Lines qf work. —Scientific investigations and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. Dairy Laboratory of the University Agricultural Institute, Konig-sberg. Governing board. — Under the control of the Ministry of Agricul- ture. Station staff.— Prof. Alex. Backhaus, Dir.; Dr. R. Braun, Asst.; F. Kromminke, Steward. Origin. — Founded in 1887. The laboratory supplements the work of the dairy station at Kleinhof-Tapiau. Equipment. — Laboratory of the Agricultural Institute. Milk is procured from a dairy at Quadnau. Income.— For 1900, $238. Lines of work. — Experiments in animal physiology and dairying. Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Control Station, Koslin, Prussia. Govi rning board. — Principal of board of directors of the Pomeranian Economic Society. Station stuff. — Dr. P. Baessler. Dir.; Drs. Wilhelmy and Iggena. and Klassert, Assts.; Roese, Moor Culture. Origin. — Founded in 1863 by the Pomeranian Economic Society for Plant Physiology and Soil Problems at Regenwalde; removed to Koslin in L893; in 1898 department for moor culture added. Income.— For 1900, $4,852.82 (State, $1, 23 7.(50; province, $285.60; agricultural ministry, $357; fees, $2,908.36; miseellaneous, $64.26). Lines of work. Experiments in plant nutrition, moor culture, and with soils in general. 128 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Institute of the University, Leipzig-, Saxony. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction. Station staff. — Prof. Wilhelm Kirchner, Dir. and Agr.; Prof. M. Fischer, Plant 52; constitutional estates, $1,094.80; Bautzen District Society. $214.20; fees. $2,737; miscel- laneous. #833). Lines of work. — Field and stall experiments in animal nutrition; field and laboratory experiments with plants and fertilizers; dairy and soil investigations; control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. Agricultural Experiment Station, Posen-Jersitz, Prussia. Governing board. — Trustees appointed by the minister of agriculture of the Province of Posen. Station staff.— Dr. M. Gerlach. Dir.; Dr. Jungner, Boh; Dr. Vogel, Bach; Drs. Passon, Werner. Krenz. Knoetsch. Baumeister, and Krausz, Assts. Origin. — Founded in 1877 by combining the experiment stations at Knschen and Bromberg. Income.— -For 1900, $13,066.20 (Ministry of Agriculture. $2,713.20; provincial assembly. $357; provincial ministry of agriculture, $952; fees, $9,044). Lines of work. -Investigations in animal nutrition, plant growth, and industries related to agriculture; control of fertilizers, feeding btuffs, and seeds. 132 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Dairy Institute, Proskau, Prussia. Governing board. — Gerlach, OppeJm; Dr. V. Kutzleb, Breslau\ Wichelhaus, Nit wdnik; and the director. Station staff.— Dv. J. Klein. Dir.; A. Kirsten, Dr. Kohler. Assts. Origin. — Founded in 1878 by the Central Agricultural Society of Silesia. Equipment. — Laboratory building, and fully equipped dairy in which from 450 to 500 pounds of milk are daily manufactured into butter and cheese. Income.— For 1900, $2,570.40 (State, $1,166.20.; provincial assembly^ $1,404.20). Lines of work. — Practical and experimental work in dairying and cheese making, lectures to the public and to societies on dairy subjects. Experiment Station for Plant Physiology, Proskau. Governing board. -Connected with the Royal Pomological Institute at Proskau and under the same managament. Station staff.— Prof . R. Stoll, Dir.; Dr. Rud. Aderhold, Chief Div. Bot.; Dr. R. Otto, Chief Dir. Chem.; Dr. E. Jack; v. E. Fahrenholz, Assts. Ghem.; one assistant botanist. Origin. — Founded in 1873 by the State. Income. — $1,190 from the State, also various sums for the library and sundry expenditures from the Pomological Institute. Lines of work. — Chemical and physiological investigations, espe- cially with fruit trees and garden plants. Experiment Station, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Governing board. — Bar. von Maltzan (Chair.), Molsow; Nolting (Pres. of the Patriotic Society), Spriehnsen; Prof. Geinitz, Rostock; Von der Sode, Frauenmark; Rettich, Rostock; Von Muller, Or, Lunow; and the director of the station. Station *f<>rf. — Prof. R. Heinrich, Dir.; Dr. H. Gottsch. Asst.; Dr. F. Riechen, Bad. and M*.; Drs. M. Pitsch. H. Zimmermann, and R. Eherhard, Assts.; F. Kruger, Methods of Culture; one secre- tly; two helpers: one gardener: field master: and feeding master. Origin. — Founded in 1875 through the cooperation of the Govern- ment and the Patriotic Society. Equipment. — Vegetation house, two farm buildings containing experiment stalls, and a 15-acre experiment field. Income.— For 1900, $11,543 (State, $5,117; Agricultural Society. *:>42.64; fees, $5,628.70; miscellaneous, $254.66). Lines of work. — Plant physiology, feeding experiments, cultural experiments, control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. GERMANY. 133 Flax Culture Station of the Royal Prussian Department of Commerce, Sorau. Wiirttemberg. Alois Herzog, Dir. and Ohem. Established in 1900. Agricultural Experiment Station, Speier. Bavaria. Governing hoard. — Under State control. Stat*",, staff. — Prof. A. Halenke. Dir.; Drs. Max Kling and Rob. Branes. AssU. in Agr. Div.; Drs. O. Krug. Muller, and G. Liehroth. As*ts. in Food Div. Origin. — The station includes two divisions: (1) The agricultural division, which was established in 1875 by the district committee of agriculture of the palatinate: and (2) the division of foods and condi- ments, established in 1884 by the State. Equipment* — Laboratories, which will be ready for occupancy in 1.902, are now building. Income. — For 19: Budget $7,603. 50: total receipts. $15,315.67. Lhos of work, — Investigation and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds: experiments in plant physiology: testing of foods and condiments: expert testimony for the Government: itinerant food control. Station for Plant Physiology and Seed Control, Tharand, Saxony. Governing hoard. — One government representative and eight mem- bers who represent: The Royal Saxony Agricultural Commission. Dis- trict Agricultural Society of Dresden. Tharand Forestry Academy, horticulture, and the Tharand and Dresden stations themselves, which are under the same governing board. Station staff. — Dr. F. Nobbe, Dir.; Dr. Jos. Simon. Plant Physiol. ; Drs. L. Richter and F. Brune. (loin.; K. Gebhardt. Gard. Form.; G. Vette, ( lerk; one laboratory assistant. Origin. — Organized in 1869 by the Dresden District Agricultural Society: brought under State control in 1875: division of gardening added in 1886. When the Experiment Station for Plant Culture at Dresden was organized in 1890. both stations were placed under the same governing board. Equipment. — -Chemical and physiological laboratories, vegetation house equipped for water-culture experiments, complete apparatus for seed testing, a large collection of preserved seeds, and a small experi- mental garden. /nrono. — Yov I90n. $4j>4»; (State. $3,094: Dresden District Agri- cultural Society. $71. 40: fees. $.ssn.»iu). Lines of work. — This station was the first to exercise seed control, a line of work which has been conducted at Tharand for more than 134 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. thirty years. The station is also noted for the water-culture method of studying- plant nutrition developed by Dr. Nobbe, and for the work done in helping to establish the relation between the root tubercles of leguminous plants and the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The work of the station includes also the investigation of other phases of plant growth, plant diseases, soil bacteriology, and forestry problems. Agricultural Experiment Station, Triesdorf, Bavaria. Station daft. — Prof. Ph. Schreiner, Dir.; Jos. Ahr, Chief of Cheat. Work; H. Behr, Chief of Seed Control Wort: Origin. — Founded in 1874 by the district committee of the Agri- cultural Society of Mittelfranken. Equipment. — Vegetation house and experimental field. Income.— For 1900, $737.80 (State, $499.80; fees, $238). Lines of work. — Investigation of agricultural and related problems, and of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds. Forestry Experiment Station of the University, Tubingen, Wurttemberg-. Prof. T. von Lorey, Dir. The department of forestry in this university has an annual appro- priation of about $1,095 for use in forestiy investigations. Laboratories of the Royal Academy of Agriculture and Brewing-, Weihen- stephan, Bavaria. Governing board. — Under the control of the Ministry of Religion and Public Instruction. Station staff. , Dir. I. Division of Agriculture: Dr. E. Wein, Agr. and Dairy Chem.; Dr. Buchner, Seeds and Soils; Prof. GanzenmiUler, Machine Testing ; Prof. Kraus (Kiessling, Asst.), Field Fxpts. and Plant Growth; Prof. E. Biicheler (four assistants), Brew- ing and Distilling; Prof. F. Weiss (Zirngiebel, Asst.), Plant Protec- tion and Plant Diseases. II. Division of Brewing: Prof. Krandauer, Prof. Ulsch, Dr. Luff, Chem. and Fermentation; Prof. GanzenmiUler (one assistant), Machine Tech.; Prof. Vogel (six assistants), Brew- ing TecK. Origin. — Experiments at Weihenstephan were begun in 1888 in con- nection with the work of the royal academy. Nearly all members of the station staff are also members of the academy teaching force, and there is no very clear distinction between their duties as investigators and as instructors. Equipment. — The experimental work is carried on in the labora- tories of the academy, among which are laboratories for chemistry, agricultural chemistry, dairying, microscopy, soil physics, seed test- ing, machine technology, distilling, brewing, and pure yeast culture. GERMANY. 135 There are also experiment fields, a botanic garden, an apiary, fishery, hop garden, brewery, distillery, arboretum, and other accessories. Income. — For 1900, State subsidy amounting to about $952. Lines of work. — Experiments with field crops, seeds, and soils; investigation of diseases of plants, dairy problems, and problems con- nected with brewing and distilling. Viticultural Experiment Station, Weinsberg-, Wurttemberg 1 . Dr. J. Behrens, Dir. Established in L900. Experiment Station, Wiesbaden, Prussia. Governing ?><><'/■71.^>: fees. $595). Lints of work. — Scientific investigations and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. Dairy Institute, Wreschen, Prussia. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture of the Province of Posen. Staff.— Dr. H. Tiemann, Dir. Lines of work. — In connection with the instruction of students, con- siderable scientific investigation is carried on. This includes the test- ing of dairy machinery, investigations in connection with cheese and butter making, and analytical work. District Agricultural Experiment Station, Wurzburg, Bavaria. Station Staff.— Dr. Th. Omeis, Dir.; S. Schulhofer, Asst. Ohem.; one laboratory assistant; one gardener. Origin. — Organized in L868 by the district agricultural committee of [Jnterfranken and Aschaffenburg; reorganized in 1898. Equipment. — Chemical, botanical, and bacteriological laboratory: experimental wine cellar and vineyard. Income.— For 1900, $2,189.50 (State. $476; district agricultural committee. $47t>; society. $59.50; fees, $1,428). Lines of work. Scientific investigations in the interest of agricul- ture and industries related to agriculture, including viticulture* con- 136 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. trol of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds: official investigations for the royal customs authorities. The station is the State bureau of information on plant protection and plant diseases. GOLD COAST. Botanic Garden, Aburi. * Govi ming board. — Botanical Department Staff.— W. H. Johnson. Our.; T. W. Brown. Asst. Our. Equipment. — Botanic garden: nurseries, containing about 31,000 economic plants in pots and 23,000 in nursery rows: greenhouses; potting house: herbarium, etc. Lines of work. — The botanical department, through the agency of the botanic garden, is engaged in promoting agricultural interests throughout the colony, and to this end is propagating and distributing economic plants and seeds, including those of tobacco, cotton, fiber plants, rubber trees, spice plants, cocoa, kola, coffee, and others suit- able to a subtropical climate. Annual reports are published. GREAT BRITAIN. Board of Agriculture. London. The Right Hon. R. W. Hanbury. M. P.. Pres.; T. H. Elliott. C. B., See. In England and Wales government aid for agricultural education and experimental research is made through the agency of the Board of Agriculture, which was established in 188V*. and •'consists of the Lord President of the Council. His Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, the First Commissioner of the Treasury, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the Secre- tary for Scotland, with such other persons as His Majesty may from time to time think tit to appoint during his pleasure." During the past twelve years the board has made annual grants to such colleges and local institutions as have carried on their work in a manner to meet its approval. In 1900 these grants amounted to *o7.715.3S. and were made to eight colleges, three dairy institutes, and two county societies. The colleges are now cooperating in educational and research work with thirty-seven separate administrative counties, the colleges furnishing lecturers for local instruction and providing for the proper supervision of local demonstration plats and agricultural experiments. The grants to dairy institutes and county societies were made because the^e institutions possessed exceptional facilities for Instruction or were in districts not served by the collegiate centers. In addition to class-room instruction, these subsidized colleges ■Set* Royal (hardens, Kew, p. 142. GREAT BRITAIN. 137 engage in two lines of scientific work, namely, field demonstrations and agricultural experiments conducted at the collegiate centers or at various places in the county or in adjacent counties. The former are intended merely to demonstrate to college students and to farmers the value of improved methods of culture; the latter more nearly approach scientific investigation, although they are confined mostly to field experiments. The following list shows for each subsidized institution the amount granted by the Board of Agriculture, the name of the head of the agricultural department, and the principal lines of research work. Institutions Subsidized by the Board of Agriculture. Durham College of Science (Department of Agriculture and Forestry) and Farm, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. H. P. Gurney, M. A., Prin. Grant from Board of Agriculture. 14,866.50. Lines of work: Experiments in the use of stable manure and artificial fertilizer on potatoes, swedes, and hay. Southeastern Agricultural College and Farm. Wye. Prof. A. D. Hall, M. A., Prim,. Grant from Board of Agriculture. $4,866.50. Lines of work: Experiments in the manuring, cultivation, training, etc., of hops; causes of moss in pastures; growing of sanfoin and lucern; fumigation with hydrocyanic acid. University College of North Wales (Agricultural Department) and Farm, Bangor. Prof. Thomas Winter. M. A.. Agr. Grant from Hoard of Agriculture, $4,866.50. Lines of work: Experiments in manuring swedes and various kinds of pastures; spray- ing charlock; variety tests of mangels, swedes, and potatoes; feeding maize meal and barley meal to bullocks. University College of Wales (Agricultural Department), Aberystwith. Prof. T. Parry. Dir. of Agr. Education. Grant from Board of Agriculture, $3,893.20. Lines of work; Experiments in manuring for hay; the use of basic slag for grass land; manuring potatoes; spraying charlock. Reading College (Agricultural Department). Reading. Prof. Douglas A. Gilchrist, B. Sc., Dir. ,, staff. — David Houston. Dir. Lines <>f work. — Manurial experiments with field crops, bacterio- logical investigations, experiments in horticulture, and investigation of plant diseases. Royal Agricultural College and Farm, Cirencester. Govi rning board. — This is a private institution, under the patronage of His Majesty King Edward VII. Station staff— Rev. J. B. McCIellan. M. A.. Prin.; Prof. E. Kinch. Dir. and ( Item. Origin. — The college was founded in 1845. Systematic experiments were begun in LsiW. Equipnn nt. — Farm of 500 acres, botanic garden, college laboratories, farm buildings, and veterinary hospital. Income. — The college is supported by private contributions and by lees received from students. Lines of work.— Manurial experiments on field crops, grasses, and ■See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 140 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. pasture: experiments in the continuous raising of various grains on the same plats; chemical analysis of farm products; feeding experiments. Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland; Dublin, Ireland. . Pres.; Horace Plunkett, V. Pre*;; T. P. Gill. Sed The Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ire- land was organized in 1900 for the purpose of "aiding, improving, and developing the agriculture, fisheries, and other industries of Ire- land * * * in such a manner as to stimulate and strengthen the self-reliance of the people." The organization of the department comprises a staff paid from funds appropriated by Parliament, with which are associated 4 advisory and cooperating boards or committees, the members of which are appointed partly by local county or borough authorities, partly by the depart- ment, and partly by other officials. These advisory bodies are the council of agriculture, the agricultural board, the board of technical instruction, and the consultative committee of education. The department is provided with an endowment of $807,839, together with funds for maintaining a number of institutions turned over to it. The work of the department has been divided into 6 branches, namely, agriculture, technical instruction, fisheries, statistics and intelligence, veterinary science, and accounts. The various enterprises in charge of the department are promoted by subsidizing and otherwise encourag- ing local effort on the part of the counties, boroughs, and associations, the department holding itself in readiness to give expert advice when needed. For this purpose special committees on live stock, horse breeding, flax, fisheries, etc.. have been organized in the department. The distinctive agricultural features already inaugurated are along the lines of agricultural instruction, the improvement of live stock, and agricultural experiments and investigation. The plans for the improve- ment of live stock include the introduction of pure-bred stallions and bulls, which are loaned or sold on contract to farmers, and the distri- bution of awards for approved animals grown by the farmers. The building of cooperative creameries, the erection of plants for pasteur- izing milk, and the promotion of other means for encouraging dairy husbandry have been brought about by a system of loans. A variety of cooperative experiments have been carried out for the purpose of introducing tobacco growing and reviving flax culture, which has greatly fallen off in Ireland in recent years. Other enterprises, also. mo>ily of a practical nature, have been encouraged. Royal "Dublin Society, Dublin. Staff. Ett. Hon. Lord Ardilavn. Dir. The station carries on agricultural experiments on selected farms. GREAT BRITAIN. 141 Irish Agricultural Organization Society, 22 Lincoln place, Dublin. Staff. — H. C. Shexingham, Agr. Expert. Origin. — Since 1898, experiments with barley, root crops, grasses, and charlock spraying- have been conducted. Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Dublin. a Prof. E. Perceval Wright. Experiment Station of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scot- land ( Pumpherston | , Edinburgh, Scotland. Station staff.— Dr. A. P. Aitken. Dir.; Dr. McAlpine, Consulting Wot. Lines of work. — Agricultural experiments and seed control. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland." I. B. Balfour. Keeper. The West of Scotland Agricultural College, Glasgow, Scotland. b Station staff.— Prof. K. Patrick Wright. Dir. and Agr.; H. F. jStockdale, Sec. The college Is located at Glasgow, but experiments are conducted at Kilmarnock and on selected farms in several other localities. Lines of work. — Experiments with field crops to test the value of various manures; feeding experiments. Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, Scotland." 1 F. O. Bower. Royal Botanic Gardens (Glasnevin), Dublin, Ireland. a F. W. Moore. Keeper. Aynsome Experiment Station, Grange-Over-Sands, Lancashire. stt.; T. M. Remington, Farm Mgr.; Claude Smith. Asst. Chem. Origin. — Founded in 1901 as a private experiment station by J. 8. and T. M. Remington, who, during the last two years have been con- ducting experiments on a small scale at Aynsome farm. Equipnu nt.— The buildings include a chemical laboratory, a large laboratory for general work, a smaller laboratory for analytical and a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. b Formerly The Glasgow and West of Scotland Technical College. 142 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. microscopic work and investigations in plant physiology, a balance room, library, model dairy, greenhouse, and a feeding house with four stalls and fodder room attached. The chemical laboratory will be furnished with all apparatus necessary for anatytical and research w T ork in organic and agricultural chemistry. The farm comprises about 275 acres of land, of which about 15 acres will be devoted to plat experiments. Income. — The station is to be maintained at the expense of the director, who will supplement the funds provided b} T himself by fees received from students who enter for training in agricultural chem- istry or in farming. Lines of wo?-k. — Investigations in agricultural chemistry, organic chemistry, plant physiology, bacteriology, soils, feeding experiments with sheep and cattle, seed testing, and practical work in dairying and general farming. In addition to the investigations carried on, the station receives students for instruction in chemistry and agriculture. Rothamsted Agricultural Experiment Station, Harpenden. Governing hoard. — Trustees: Lord Avebury, Lord Walsingham, and Sir John Evans. Managing committee: Four members nomi- nated b} T the Royal Societ}^ two by the Royal Agricultural Society of England, and one each by the Chemical Society and the Linnean Society. Station staff. — Sir J. Henry Gilbert, 11 Dir. and Chem.; assistant chemists; botanists; computers; record keepers; and helpers. Origin. — Founded by Sir John B. Lawes in 1843, with Dr. J. H. Gilbert as director; reorganized in 1889 when Sir J. B. Lawes trans- ferred the station to the Lawes Agricultural Trust and endowed it with 1486,650. Equipment.— Laboratoiy building containing chemical and botan- ical laboratories, sample house containing 45,000 bottles of specimens, cement lysimeter, experiment fields covering 40 acres. Income. — Proceeds of the Lawes endowment of $486,650. Lines of work. — Field experiments, including various rotations with and without manure; growing wheat, barley, and other crops on the same ground year after year without manure, with barnyard manure, and with commercial fertilizers; feeding experiments; meteorological observations; chemical and botanical investigations of vegetable and meat products; investigation of plant growth in relation to root tuber- cles and the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen. Royal Gardens, Kew. Station sfojf.-SirW. T. Thiselton-Dyer. Dir.; S, T. Dunn, Private See.; W. B. Hemsley. Keeper of Herbarium and L'drr.; D. H. Scott, "Sir J. Henry Gilbert died December 23, 1901. GREAT BRITAIN. 143 xlonorary Keepet\ Jordrell Ixiboratoryj J. R. Jackson, Keeper <>f Mmeuia; George Nicholson, Our. of the Gardens. Origin. — Lord Capel's exotic gardens, founded in 1759, were in 1840 adopted as a national establishment and opened as a public park under the Department of Woods and Forests. Equipment. — Two large greenhouses, fourteen other houses. muse- Sims, botanical laboratory, herbarium, and library, botanic garden of 10 acres, arboretum and pleasure grounds of about 270 acres. Income. — Annual grants from Parliament of about $126,529. Lines of work. — Collecting trees, shrubs, and plants in all parts of the world: classifying the same, and investigating their economic value. The following botanical gardens and botanical stations of the British Isles and colonies cooperate with Kew and are directed in their work largely by the Kew authorities: BRITISH ISLES. Cambridge. — University Botanic Garden: Prof. H. M. Ward. Dublin: Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin: F. W. Moore, Keeper. Trinity College Botanic Gardens: Prof. E. Perceval Wright. Edinburgh. — Royal Botanic Garden: I. B. Balfour, Keeper. Glasgow. — Botanic Gardens: F. O. Bower. Oxford. — University Botanic Garden: Prof. 8. H. Vines. colonies. Bermuda. — Botanic Station: G. A. Bishop, Supt. British Central Africa. — Scientific Department. Zomba: J. McClounie, Head of Dept. British East Africa. — Botanic Station: . Uganda: Alexander Whyte, Cur. British Guiana: Berbice. — Botanic Garden: Richard Hunt, Keeper. Georgetown. — Botanic Garden: G. S. Jenman, Supt. and Govt. Bot. British Honduras. — Botanic Station: Eugene Campbell, Cur. British West Indies: Antigua. — Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments: W. X. Sands, Cur. Barbados. — Imperial Department of Agriculture: D. Morris, Comr. Barbados. — Dodd's Reformatory, Botanic Station, and Sugar Cane Experiments: J. R. Bo veil, Supt. Dominica. — Botanic Station: Joseph Jones, Cur. Grenada. — Botanic Station: W. E. Broadway, Cur. Jamaica: Kingston. — Department of Public Gardens and Plantations: Wm. Fawcett, Dir. Hope Gardens: Wm. Harris, Supt. Castleton Gardens: W. J. Thompson, Supt. Cinchona (Hill Garden): Wm. Harris, Supt. Kingston Parade Garden: John Campbell, Supt. King's House Garden: James Briscoe, Supt. Bath: A. H. Groves, Overseer. 144 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. British West Indies — Continued. St. Kitts-Nevis. — Botanic Station and Sugar Cane Experiments: William Lunt, Cur. St. Lucia. — Botanic Station: J. C. Moore, Car. St. Vincent. — Botanic Station: Henry Powell, Cur. Tobago. — Botanic Station: J. H. Hart, Cur. Trinidad. — Botanic Gardens and Sugar Cane Experiments: J. H. Hart, Supt. Canada: Montreal.— University Botanic Garden: D. P. Penhallow, Dir. Cape of Good Hope. — Cape Government Herbarium: R. MacOwan, Bot. Ceylon: Peradeniya. — Department of Royal Botanic Gardens: J. C. Willis, Dir.; Hugh McMillan, Our. Anuradhapura: D. F. de Silva, Con. Badulla: D. I). Fernando, Con. Hakgala: William Nock, Supt. . Henaratgoda: S. de Silva, Arachchi, Con. Falkland Islands. — Government House Garden: Albert Linney, Head Gard. Fiji. — Botanic Station: Daniel Yeoward, Car. Gambia. — Botanic Station: . Gold Coast: Aburi. — Botanic Station: W. H. Johnson, Cur. Hongkong. — Botanic and Afforestation Department: Charles Ford, SupL India: Bengal — Darbhangah. — Maharajah's Garden: Herbert Thorn, Supt. Darjeeling. — Lloyd Botanic Garden: W. A. Kennedy, Cur. Calcutta. — Agri-Horticultural Society of India: P. Lancaster, Sec. Mungpoo. — Government Cinchona Plantations: D. Prain. Snj,t. Sibpur. —Department of Royal Botanic Gardens: D. Prain, SupL Bombay Presidency — Bombay. — Municipal Garden: C. D. Mahaluxmivala, Supt. Ghorpuri. — Botanic Garden: P. G. Kanitkar, Supt. Karachi. — Municipal Garden: . Poona. — Botanic Department of the College of Science: G. A. Gammie. Central Provinces — Nagpur. — Horticultural Gardens: J. Home Stephen, Su/>t. Madias — Madras. — Agri-Horticultural Society: A. G. Bourne, Honorary Sec. Ootacumund. — Botanic Garden: C. A. Barber, Bot. Ootacumund. — Government Cinchona Plantations: W. M. Standen, Dir. Native States — Bangalore, Mysore. — Botanic Garden: J. Cameron, Supt. Baroda. — Botanic Garden: G. H. Krumbiegel, Sapt. Gwalior. — Botanic Garden: C. Maries, S»]>t. Morvi. — Botanic Garden: Joseph Beck, Sapt. Trivandrum, Travancore. — Museum and Botanic Gardens: H. S. Ferguson, Dir. Udaipur.— Botanic Garden: T. H. Storey, Sapt. Northwest Provinces and Oudh— Agra.— Taj Garden: A. F. P. Griessen, Supt. Allahabad.— Botanic Garden: H. J. Davies, Supt. Cawnpore. — Botanic Garden: G. H. T. Meyer, Supt. Kumaon | Ramghur) .—Botanic Garden: F. W. Seers, Supt. GREAT BRITAIN . 145 India — Continued. Northwest Provinces and Oudh — Continued. Lucknow.— Government Horticultural Garden: Matthew Ridley. Supt. Saharanpur. — Botanic Department, Northern India: J. F. Duthie, Dir. Saharanpur. — Botanic Gardens: Wm. Gollan, Supt. Punjab — Lahore. — Botanic Garden: H. G. Hein, Supt. Lagos. — Botanic Station: . Malay States. — Experimental Plantations: Stanley Arden, Supf. Perak (Taiping). — Government Gardens and Plantations: Robert Derry, Supt. Malta.— Argotti Botanic Garden: Dr. Francesco Debono, Dir. Mauritius. — Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens: Curepipe. — F. Bijoux, Overseer. Pamplemousses. — J. Vankeirsbilck, Dir. Reduit. — W. A. Kennedy, Overseer. Natal: Durban. — Botanic Garden: J. M. Wood, Cur. Pietermaritzburg. — Botanic Garden: G. Mitchell, Cur. New South Wales: Sidney — Botanic Gardens and Domains: J. H. Maiden, Dir. and Bot. Technological Museum: R. T. Baker, Cur. New Zealand: Auckland. — Colonial Botanic Garden: Wm^Goldie, Ranger. Christchurch. — Colonial Botanic Garden: Ambrose Taylor. //<"sion of Experiment Stations. Station staff. — Dr. Arpad de Degen. Dir.; three assistants;, one microscopist: four helpers: in the winter several additional helpers. Origin. — Established in 1882 in connection with the Veterinary Institute; made independent in 1891. There are seed control stations at Altenburg (Prof. G. Linhart. Dir.). Debreczen (Prof. Kalman Kerpely, Dir.). Kaschau (Geza Gerloczy. Dir.). Keszthely. and Klausenburg. The station at Altenburg was established in 1878. The others began work in 1884. Equipment. — Each station possesses a standard collection of seeds of cultivated plants and weeds, a library, analytical and volumetric balances, a set of optical instruments, thermostat, farinometer. and a collection of feeding stuffs. Lines of work. —Seed testing, to safeguard farmers, horticulturists, and others against impurities and to determine the maturity and germinative power of seeds: the dissemination of information regard- ing protection against weeds and plant parasites and regarding good apparatus for purifying seeds; botanical analysis of different kinds of hay and other feeding stuffs. Chemical Experiment Station, Budapest. Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Station staff. — Dr. L. Liebermann. Dir.; two chief chemists: seven assistant chemists: a number of laboratory assistants. Origin — Established in 1881 in connection with the Veterinary Institute: made independent in ls>s7 and removed to the department building: reorganized in 1892. Lines of work. — Control and inspection work in executing the law against adulteration of agricultural and other industrial products: examination of imported and exported wines and of exported sugars: the furnishing of expert information to the Government on chemical questions relating to commerce, finance, and customs. The scientific work of the station includes the elaboration of new methods of chemi- cal analysis and the testing of methods recommended by others. Methods adopted by this station must be employed by all the other 150 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. chemical stations. The station staff has adopted new methods for the analysis of milk, wine, whisky, meat, red pepper, soils, feeding stuffs, fertilizers, petroleum, and a large number of other commercial articles, and has made numerous analyses of agricultural plants, feeding stuffs, factory refuse, musts, and wines of Hungary. It has also devoted much attention to research work in physiological chemistry. Experiment Station for Tobacco Culture, Debreczen. Governing board. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Station staff. — Prof. Kalman Kerpely, Dir.; three assistants; fore- man; four gardeners. Origin. — Established in 1898 by the Ministry of Agriculture. Equipment. — A main building containing laboratory, 7 curing barns representing different types, appliances for the Macedonian air-cure processes, 2 storage houses, 6 cabins for gardeners, and about 29 acres of land belonging to the Agricultural Institute. Of this area the build- ings occupy about 7 acres, the hotbeds 1A acres, a botanical garden 2.9 acres, and a field for culture experiments about 14.5 acres. Lines of work. — Investigations and experiments to ascertain the best methods of cultivating and curing tobacco, and variety tests and experi- ments having for their purpose the improvement of the quality of the leaf. The station trains workmen and officials for the administration of the government tobacco monopol}' and supplies tobacco growers with information and instruction as to rational culture. In order to conduct experiments simultaneously on the two most typical Hunga- rian soils, a substation has been established at Bekes-Csaba (Odon Kallay, Dir.), which is under the control of the station at Debreczen. The soil at the main station is sandy, while that at the substation is black and compact. The area under cultivation at the substation is about 9 acres. Many cooperative experiments are carried out in dif- ferent parts of the country. Chemical Experiment Station, Debreczen. Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Origin. — Founded in 1891 in connection with the Agricultural Insti- tute of Debreczen. Li ins of work. Original investigations relating to the composition of Hungarian (lours and to the methods of examining tobacco. Chemical Experiment Station, Fiume. Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Origin. Established in 1900 for the analysis of wines and other products imported through this seaport. INDIA. 151 Chemical Experiment Station, Kaschau. Governing hoard. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Station staff. — Prof. Zsigmond Zalka, Dir. ; assistant. Origin. — Established in 1884 as a department of the Agricultural Institute at Kaschau. Equipm* ni. — Experimental distillery. Lines of work. — The scientific work of the station is mainly devoted to investigations in its experimental distillery. Chemical Experiment Station, Keszthely. Governing board. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Statin,, stuff. — Jeno Nyredy. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1885 in connection with the Agricultural Insti- tute of Keszthely. Lines of work. — Investigation of the plants cultivated in Hungary with reference to their physiology and need for fertilizers. Chemical Experiment Station, Klausenburg. Governing board. —Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Station staff. — Prof. Fabinyi. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1897 as a department of the University at Klausenburg. Lines of work. —Almost exclusively chemical-control work. Chemical Experiment Station, Pressburg-. Governing board. — Central Commission of Experiment Stations. Station stuff. — Dr. J. Lucich, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1883 in connection with the Technical High School of Pressburg. Liros of work. — Control work only. Central Station of Forestry, Selmeczbanya. Established in 1898 for forestry experiments. INDIA. Taj Garden, Agra, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. a A. E. P. Griessen, Sxpt. Botanic Garden, Allahabad, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. a H. Davies. Supt. "See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 152 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Mysore Department of Agriculture, Bangalore. A. Lehman. Ph. D., Ayr. Chem.; H. V. Krishnaiva. Asst. Chem.; B. Venkata Rao, Asst. Chem.; A. K. Yegna Narayana Iyer, Proba- tionary Asst. Chem. The Mysore Department of Agriculture was organized in 1899 and charged with conducting agricultural investigations in the district. At the head of the department is an agricultural chemist, who is aided hy three assistant chemists and several agricultural inspectors. A labora- tory to cost about $5,560 has been completed in part, and an appro- priation of $2,080 has been made for the purpose of starting an experi- mental agricultural farm under the superintendence of the agricul- tural chemist. The lines of work undertaken include the analysis of soils, sugar, and geological specimens; investigations of problems in sugar produc- tion, study of insects and diseases of plants, and of means for their repression. Bulletins and annual reports are published and sent free to planters and sugar makers. Botanic Gardens, Bangalore, Mysore. a J. Cameron. Supt. Botanic Garden, Baroda, Native States. a 0>. H. Krumbiegel. Supt. Municipal Garden, Bombay, Bombay Presidency. a G. D. Mahal uxmivala, Supt. Agri-Horticultural Society of India, Calcutta, Bengal. a P. Lancaster, Sec. Botanic Gardens, Cawnpore, Northwest Provinces and Oudb. a G. H. T. Meyer, Suj>t. Maharajah's Garden, Darbhangah, Bengal. :i Herbert Thorn. Suj>t. Lloyd Botanic Garden, Darjeeling, Bengal. a \V. A. Kennedy. Our. Dumraon Experimental Farm, Dumraon, Bengal. Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, Bengal: 1). L. Roy (Asst. Dir.), Calcutta. a 8ee Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. INDIA. 153 Staff. — Experiments at this place are under the immediate charge of D. L. Roy. who also supervises experimental work at other places in the district. Origin.— Experiments were begun in 1885 on a farm at Pareswana. In 1895 this farm was given over to ordinary cultivation, and a new site for experimental work was chosen near Dumraon. Equipment. — Farm buildings, and farm of 30.75 acres, of which 22 acres are under cultivation. Tneonts— Budget for 1898, $520. Lines of work. — Manurial experiments with rice and wheat, variety tests, cultural experiments, trials of new farm implements, and the dis- tribution of seeds. Botanic Garden, Ghorpuri, Bombay Presidency. a P. G. Kanitkar, Supt. Cawnpore Experimental Farm, Gotaiya, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. Governing hoard. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, Northwest Provinces and Oudh: W. H. Moreland. Dir.; S. H. Fre- mantle (Officiating Dir.), Caumpore. Staff.— P. V. Subbiah, officiating Asst. Dir. Origin. — Established in 1881. Kment. — Farm buildings, veterinary hospital, and farm of 51.33 acres, of which 36.31 acres are under cultivation. Lines of work. Experiments with manures; variety tests with pota- toes sugar cane, cotton, and other crops; testing and distribution of farm implements; distribution of seeds; breeding of horses and cat- tle; and treatment of diseases of domestic animals. Permanent manu- rial experiments have been conducted since 1881, and since 1883 52 plats have been devoted to this series of experiments. Annual reports and bulletins are published. Botanic Garden, Gwalior, Native States. a C. Maries. Supt. Municipal Garden, Karachi, Bombay Presidency. a Botanic Garden, Kumaon (Ramghur ), Northwest Provinces and Oudh. 8 V. W . Seers, Supt. Botanic Garden, Lahore, Punjab. 1 H. G. Hein. Supt. a 8ee Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 154 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Government Horticultural Garden, Lucknow, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. » Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, Northwest Provinces and Oudh: W. H. Moreland, Dir.; S. H. Freinantle ( Officio, t in g Dir. ) , Cawnpore. Staff— Matthew Ridley. Supt. Equipment. — Horticultural gardens, arboricultural nursery, and exotic and date plantations. Income. — The gardens are self-supporting, and the expenditures for 1899-1900 amounted to $3,423. Lines of work. — Commercial propagation of fruits, vegetables, and flowers, and in connection with this work experimental investigations. Annual reports have been published since 1888. Agri-Horticultural Society, Madras, Madras Presidency. a A. G. Bourne. Honorary Sec. • Botanic Garden, Morvi, Native States. a Joseph Beck. Supt. Government Cinchona Plantations, Mung-poo, Bengal. a D. Pram. Supt. Experimental Farm, Nag-pur, Central Provinces. Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. Central Provinces: L. S. Caiw, ( f omr. of Settlements and Agr. Staff. — R S. Joshi. Supt. Origin. — Established in 1883. In 1889 another government farm was established in connection with the horticultural gardens at Telenk- heri and placed under the superintendence of R. S. Joshi. Equipment. — At Nagpur, farm buildings and a farm of 90 acres, of which 7<> acres are under cultivation; at Telenkheri, buildings and a farm, of which 72 acres are under cultivation. Income. — The cost of maintaining the two farms in 1899-1900 was $345.90. hmes of work. — Experiments with different manures, rotation experi- ments with and without manure, tillage experiments, variety tests, experiments with plant diseases, trial of farm implements, and cattle I needing. Annual reports are published. a 8ee Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. INDIA. 155 Horticultural Gardens of the Central Provinces, Nag-pur, Central Provinces.* 1 Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture, Central Provinces: L. S. Carey, Gomr. <>f Settlements and Agr. Staff. — J. H. Stephen, Supt. of Gardens at Nagpurand Telenkheri; J. Safdar Ali, Mgr. of Gardens at Paehmarhi; other managers. Origin. — The Department of Settlements and Agriculture maintains in the Central Provinces a large number of horticultural gardens, the most important being those at Nagpur, Telenkheri, and Pachmarhi. Income. — The total cost of maintaining the gardens in 1899-1900 was $5,420. Lines of work. — Propagation and cultivation of tropical fruits, such as oranges, Florida pears, persimmons,, figs, mangoes, etc., vegetables, and flowers; distribution of plants and seeds; occasional experiments in fruit and vegetable culture and methods of packing and shipping the same. Results of the work are published in the Annual Report on the Management of the District Gardens in the Central Provinces. Botanic Garden, Ootacumund, Madras Presidency.* Staff.— C. A. Barber, Dir. Origin. — Opened in 1847. Eguipment. — Botanic gardens of 51 acres. Income.— For 1900, $4,368. Lines of work. — Improvement of horticultural conditions in the dis- trict, introduction of vegetable productions not indigenous to India, and the distribution of plants and seeds. Government Cinchona Plantations, Ootacumund, Madras Presidency.* W. M. Standen, Dir. Burdwan Experimental Farm, Pala, Bengal. Governing hoard. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, Bengal: D. L. Roy (Asst. Dir.), Calcutta. Staff. — Debi Trasad Chowday, Overseer. Origin. — Established in 1885. Eguipment. — Farm of 27 acres, of which 10 acres are devoted to experiments. Income— Budget for 1899, $490.75. Lines of work. — Experiments with manures; introduction of new farm crops, implements, and methods of culture; and experiments in the conservation of stable manure. Annual reports are published. See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 156 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Government Experimental Farm, Poona, Bombay Presidency. Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture, Bombay Presidency: W. P. Symonds, Survey Oomr. and Dir. Staff.— J. W. Mollison, Deputy Dir. of Agr. Origin,. — Established about 1885. Income.— Budget for 1900, $200.81. Lines of work. — Experiments with fodder and fiber crops, cereals, tobacco, sugar cane, and fertilizers; irrigation experiments with well water, canal water, and sewage; and dairy and feeding experiments. At Maujri special sugar-cane experiments are conducted. Botanic Department of the College of Science, Poona, Bombay Presidency. a G. A. Gammie. Dir. Crop Experiments, Poona, Bombay Presidency. Governing board. — J. W. P. Muir-Mackenzie, Chief Sec. to Govt. Revemu Dept.; W. P. Symonds. Survey Comr. and Dir. Dept. of Land Records and Agr. . Staff.— J. W. Mollison. Deputy Dir. of Agr. Origin. — Under the direction of J. W. Mollison, 98 cooperative cultural experiments and variety tests were conducted in 1899 at 20 different localities in the Bombay Presidency. Similar experiments, numbering one year as high as 266, have been reported since 1887 in the annual reports of the Department of Land Records and Agri- culture. Botanic Department, Northern India, Saharanpur, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. a J. F. Duthie, Dir. Botanic Gardens, Saharanpur, Northwest Provinces and Oudh. a W. Gollan, Supt. Saidapet Experimental Farm, Saidapet, Bombay Presidency. Governing board. — Department of Land Records and Agriculture. Bombay Presidency; F. A. Nicholson, (Dir.). Madras, stnt i<«trd. — The station is autonomous and is controlled by a committee representing the Government and several local associations. Station staff . . Dir.; three assistants. Origin. — Established by royal decree of 187*2. Lines of tr<>rl\ — Analysis of grapes, must, wines, vineyard soils, and adulterated products; chemical and microscopical research work in fermentation and diseases of the vine and grape; investigations on the best methods of viniiication. preservation of wine, examination of wine and wine-making machinery: dissemination of information by correspondence and lectures. Entomological Station, 19 Via Romano, Florence. Governing l»>r.; Prof. F. Nitti, Polit. Econ., Statistics, and Rural Legislation ; Prof. O. Bordiga, Rural Econ., Taxation and Accounts; Prof. F. Milone, Earm Mach. and Rural Construction; Prof. E. Galli, Hydraulics, Topography, and Designing; Prof. U. Barpi, Ana/, and Physiol.; Prof. E. Mingioli, Agr. Lndus.; Dr. G. Leonardi, Api- culture oioi Silk Culture. Origin.— Established in 1872 b}^ the Province of Naples, with the cooperation of the Department of Agriculture, Industries, and Com- merce, which later, in 1889, assumed full control of the school. ITALY. 163 Equipment. — In the main building of the school are a number of laboratories— botanical, chemical, zoological, entomological, etc.— a museum, and a nursery for silkworm-. There are also experimental dairy barns, a botanic garden, and at Suessola an experimental field. Income. — Funds provided by the Department of Agriculture. Indus- tries, and Commerce and fees for analyses. Lines of work. — This institution includes a number of departments that are engaged in investigations relating to agriculture. ' The agricultural chemical laboratory is similar to those connected with other educational institutions in Italy, its work comprising analyses and investigations with animal and vegetable products, soils, and fertilizers. Other departments are investigating problem- in the nutrition and breeding of domestic animals, diseases of plant- and animals, insect pests, silk production, dairy problems, and the produc- tion of field crops, especially tobacco. Entomological investigations have included quite extensive studies of scale insects and mites, investigations of insecticides, a study of the agency of insects in the transmission of alcoholic ferment-, and an investigation of the effect of intraorganic injections on parasites. Dr. Leonardi has published a book on injurious Hymenoptera and Diptera Reports of the investi- gations are published in Annali drlla R. Srimhi Sap*.rinre cT 'Aarieol- tura in Portici, and bulletins are issued which are distributed free. Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology. Rome. Govern* mg hoard. — The station is independent. Station stuff. — Prof. G. Cuboni, Dir.; two assistants. Origin. — Established in 1887. Lines of work. — Study of cryptogamic and bacteriological diseases of cultivated plants and of means for suppressing them: and the dis- semination of information by lectures. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station. Rome. Governing hoard. — The station is autonomous and under the control of a committee representing the Government and local societies. Station staff. — Prof. Emanuel Paterno, Dir.; four assistants. Origin. — Established in 1871: reorganized in 1884. Equipment. — Located in the building of the Royal Agricultural Museum of Rome. A number of experimental fields are supervised by this station. Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers, soils, feeding stuffs, plants, and plant products; field experiments on different soils with different manure- and fertilizers: and the dissemination of information by cor- respondence and lectures. 1(34 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Scandicci. Governing hoard. — Under the control of the Agricultural Institute of Scandicci. with which it is connected. Station "faff- — Napoleon Passerini, Dir. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory and other equipment of the Agri- cultural Institute. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, animal and vegetable products, etc.: fertilizer experiments; investigation of problems in nitrification, germination of seeds, soil physics, wine production; and variety tests with tobacco. (See Agricultural Chemical Laboratories, below.) Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Turin. Governing hoard. — The station is autonomous and under the control of a committee representing the Government and local societies. Station staff. — Dr. M. Zecchini. Dir.; four assistant-. Origin. — Established in 1871. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, waters, and fertilizers; fertilizer experiments; study of rocks from which originated the Piedmont soils; aud the dissemination of information by lectures and correspondence. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Udine. Governing hoard. — Connected with the Technical Institute of Udine and governed by a committee representing the Government and local societies. Statin/, staff. — Prof. G. Nallino, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1870. Equipment. — The station has the use of the equipment of the Tech- nical Institute. Lines of work. — Analysis and experimental test of different soils and fertilizers, penological and viticultural experiments; microscopic exami- nations and tests of the vitality of eggs of the silkworm: and the dis- semination of information by lectures and correspondence. Agricultural Chemical Laboratories. These are laboratories connected with educational institutions and are under the control, usually, of professors of chemistry. Partly supported by the institutions with which they are connected and by fees, each laboratory also receives an annual grant of $193 from the Department of Agriculture. Industries, and Commerce. The work undertaken includes the analysis of soils, fertilizers, animal and veg- etable products, and other articles sent to the institution. Such work, when done for private parties, requires a small fee. but when done for government officials and agricultural societies is gratuitous. JAPAN. 165 Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Bologna. Established in 1871; Prof. Adolf o Casali, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Caserta. Established in 1888; Prof. E. Cassoria, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Perugia. Prof. Gius Bellucci, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Pesaro. Established in 1871; Dr. Francis Dupre, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Pisa. Established in 1886; Prof. Fausto Sestini, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Portici. a Italo Giglioli, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Scandicci. b Napoleon Passerini, Dir. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory, Siena. Established in 1872; Prof. Carlo Giannetti, Dir. JAPAN. The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, Tokyo. Yuzo Hayashi, Minis, of Agr. and Com. From 1869 to 1881 there was in Japan a bureau of agriculture which was successive^ attached to the ministries of state, finances, and the interior. In 1881 the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce was organized as a separate department. It comprises bureaus of agriculture, commerce and industry, forestiy, superintendence of forests and uncultivated areas, mines, patents, fisheries, and geology. The bureau of agriculture includes four divisions — administration, agricultural products, animal husbandry, and horse breeding. The total budget of the ministry for 1891) was $399,326,879. The ministry establishes, supports, and controls experiment sta- tions; conducts special experiments in the manufacture of tea; inves- tigates problems in sericulture, animal husbandry, horse breeding, veterinary science, etc. ; erects new buildings and purchases apparatus for the experiment stations, sericultural schools, and other institutions 'Sec Royal Agricultural High School, Portici, p. 1(52. ' Sec same laboratory, p. 164. EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. under its control. For a brief account of the development of agri- cultural experiment stations and fields, see Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigahra, below. Sericultural Institution, Kinngasa, Near Kyoto. Governing hoard. — The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. station staff. — G. Mastunaga, Dir. Origin. — Established hy the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1899. Income. — Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Lines of work. — At this institution instruction in sericulture is given to students and investigations are conducted, including experiments in the rearing and feeding of silkworms, the reeling of silk, and studies of diseases of silkworms. Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigahra, near Tokyo. Governing hoard. — The Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Station staff. — Dr. J. Sawano, Dir. Including the director there are 36 heads of departments, 25 assistants, and 13 clerks Each branch station has also a director and a staff of from 8 to 10 members. Origin. — Beginning in 1880, the Ministry of Agriculture and Com- merce conducted field experiments with rice, wheat, and other crops in the vicinity of Tokyo. In 1890 a provincial experiment field was established at Nishigahra, and in 1893 this was enlarged and became the Central Agricultural Experiment Station. At the same time 6 branch stations were organized, 3 others being organized in 1896. In 1M' ( .> the Central Station was reorganized and now includes divisions of agronomy, agricultural chemistry, entomology, vegetable patholog} T , tobacco, publications, and general affairs. The branch stations con- duct work somewhat similar to that done' at the central station, and their directors report to the director of the Central Station. To each station is assigned a certain territory, including several provinces, and all questions arising in that territory are referred to the station located in the territory. With each station are associated several pro- vincial experimental fields, which of late have been subsidized hy the Government in order to encourage the establishment of other similar institutions. Beginning with 1900 the appropriation for these sub- si dies was fixed at *71,700 per annum. The territory assigned to the Central Station includes the provinces of Tokao, Kanagawa, Saitama, Gumma, Chiba, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Yamanashi. and Nagano, of which Kanagawa, Gumma, Tochigi, and Nagano maintain provincial experi- mental fields. Equipment. — Laboratories and experimental fields. Income. In L899 the cost of maintaining the Central Station and the nine branch stations was $78,952.92. JAPAN. 167 Lines of work. — Division of agronomy: Selection, culture, and manuring of forage and field crops: examination of seeds and plants: harvesting, curing, and preserving agricultural products: improvement of farm implements and arable soils: irrigation and drainage: breeding of live stock and poultry: apiculture: investigation of the relation of cultivation to soils, fertilizers, and climatic conditions: meteorological observations: distribution of seeds and plants, and the investigation of present agricultural conditions. Division of agricultural chemistry: Analysis of agricultural products, soils, fertilizers, irrigating waters, etc.: preparation of agricultural products: analyses and experiments for the public; inspection of commercial fertilizers and feeding stuffs; feeding experiments with live stock and poultry: chemical study of vegetable physiology: reports on the cultivation of soils and on plants, fertilizers, and poisonous substances, and experiments on the work of other divisions. Division of entomology: Classification and study of useful and injurious insects and animals, including the production and protection of useful insects: study of means for destroying injurious insects, and a study of climatic, geographical, and other conditions that are important in the life history of insects. The ravages of insects are studied and reports Usued. Division of vegetable pathology- Study of plant diseases, their prevention and remedies: production of useful micro-organisms and parasitic micro-organisms; preparation of samples of pathogenic micro-organisms: research work in the destruc- tion of injurious micro-organisms: reports on diseases and their geographical distribution, and pathological studies. Division of tobacco: Selection and culture of native and introduced tobaccos; reports on tobacco soils, fertilizers, and climate: drying, sorting, fer- menting, and preserving tobacco: manufacture of sample cigars and cigarettes, and the study of tobaccos. Each division is also required to conduct investigations required by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, to answer questions asked by farmers, and to publish records of the results of its work. Tokyo Sericultural Institution, Nishigahra. Near Tokyo. Governing board. — Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Station staff. — Dr. J. Sawano. Dir. Origin. — Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce in 1S86. Income. — Supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Lines of foork. — At this institution instruction in sericulture is given to students and investigations are conducted, including experiments in the rearing and feeding of silkworms, the reeling of silk, and studies of diseases of silkworms. 168 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Tokai Branch Station, Anjomura, Aichi. Governing hoard. — Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce. Station staff. — K. Abata, Dir. and Agr.; I. Naoi, Chem.; 1. Ito, Agr. and Biol.; S. Etami, Asst. Chem.; S. Hoshisaki, Asst. Chem.; T. Seshita, Asst. Chem.; W. Kuroki, Asst. Agr.; E. Mitsuya, Farm Sujyt.; T. Kuroda, Clerk and Accountant. Origin. — Established in 1896. The territory over which this station exercises jurisdiction includes the provinces of Aichi, Miye, Shiga, Shidzuoka, and Gifu, of which all but the last two maintain experi- mental fields. Equipment. — The Tokai station ma} T be taken as typical of the branch stations in equipment and lines of work. It is provided with eleven buildings used as laboratories, offices, residences, stables, etc., and an experimental field of nearly 9 acres. Through the center of the field runs an irrigating ditch, on one side of which is padd}^ soil and on the other dry land. The whole field is laid out into regular plats. Income. — The expenses of the branch stations are met from a gen- eral appropriation for experiment stations. Lines of work.. — Pot experiments on the availability of various forms of nitrogen and phosphoric acid to the rice plant; determination of the availability of nitrogen in organic nitrogenous fertilizers; influence of soil and manure upon rice; availability of natural sources of nutri- ents to different plants; the effect of various forms of nitrogen on the production of indigo; the changes of coloring matter and composition of the indigo plant during its growth; preparation of indigo and dye stuffs from Polygonum tinctorium and study of the chemical changes which take place during the process; chemical and field experiments on padd} r and upland rice; variety tests of grasses and leguminous plants; variety, culture, and fertilizer experiments with sweet pota- toes, Japanese upland cotton, and the indigo plant. Other Branch Stations. Sanio Branch Station, Gionmura, Hiroshima. Dr. S. Shinjo, Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Okayama, Hiroshima, and Yamaguchi. The last two provinces maintain experi- mental fields. Rikuu Branch Station, Hanadatemura, Akita. Dr. T. Onda, Dir. Established in 1896. Territory: Provinces of Awomori, Yamagata, and Akita. The last two provinces maintain experimental fields. JAVA. 109 Kyushyn Branch Station. Idzumimura. Knmamoto. Dr. Y. Otzuka, Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Provinces of Ohit, Saga. Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Okinawa. Knmamoto. Nagasaki, Fnkuoka. The last three provinces maintain experimental fields. Sanyin Branch Station. Imaichi. Shimane. Dr. T. Yamanaka, Dir. Established in 1896. Territory: Provinces of Tango. Tajima. Tottori. and Shimane. Shimane maintains an experimental field. Shikoku Branch Station. Kanomyomura. Tokushima. , Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Provinces of Tokushima. Kagawa, Ehime. and Kochi. Kinai Branch Station. Kashiwabara. Osaka. Dr. K. Okada, Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Osaka. Wakayania, Kyoto, Hvogo. and Nara. The last three provinces main- tain experimental fields. Hokurikn Branch Station. Matsntomachi, Ishikawa. Dr. Y. Kagami, Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Ishikawa. Niigata. Fukui, and Toyama. All provinces, except the first, maintain experimental fields. Too Branch Station. Magasakimura. Miyagi. Dr. K. Ushimura, Dir. Established in 1893. Territory: Miyagi. Iwati. and Fukushima. The province of Fukushima maintains an experimental field. JAVA. Botanic Station, Buitenzorg. Station staff. — -Dr. M. Treub, Dir. Division I: Herbarium and Museum — Dr. J. G. Boerlage. Chief and V. Dir.,' P. Demonchy, Cur. Division II: Botany — Dr. J. M. Bernhout, Bat. Division III: Experiment Garden and Agricultural Chemical Laboratory — Dr. P. van Romburgh, Chief, Dr. W. R. Tromp de Haas, Asst. Chem.; Dr. A. W. Nanninga, Asst. Chem. foi y the Study of Tea; A. Massink, Mgr. Division IV: Pharmacological Laboratory — Dr. W. G. Boorsma. Chief. Division V: Botanic Garden and Tjibodas Garden — H. J. Wigman, Chief Hart.; J. J. Smith, Asst. Chief Asst. Hort.; J. W. Heyl, Gard. n,.; W. Hasselman, Asst. Agr.; Th. Adena, Bookkeeper. Origin. — Founded at Tegal in 1886 by the Association of Sugar Manufacturers of Cheribon, Tegal, and Pekalongan; moved in 1901 to the present location. Eq ///'/>//? ent. — Laboratory building containing chemical, botanical, control-analytical, and other laboratories: rooms for sterilizers, polar- iscopes, stock, etc.; experimental held. Income. — Supported by members of the Association of Sugar Man- ufacturers, of whom there are two classes: (1) Proprietors of sugar KONGO FREE STATE MALTA. 171 plantations, who pay an annual tax of about 30 cents per acre of sugar cane; (2) heads of commercial houses and private persons, who are assessed at least per year. In this way an annual income of about $14,000 is provided. Lines of work. — Cultural experiments with sugar cane, including the introduction and propagation of improved varieties; investigation of means for combating diseases and insect pests of sugar cane, and a study of all questions concerning the chemistry and the manufacture of sugar. Experiment Station for Indigo, Klatten. Station staff. — J. J. Hazewinkel. Dir. East Java Sugar Cane Experiment Station, Pasoeroean. Governing hoard. — A committee of twelve members chosen in rota- tion from the membership of the Sugar Planters' Association of East Java. Station staff. — J. D. Kobus, Dir. and Chem.; several assistants. Origin. — Founded in 1886. Equipment.— Chemical and botanical laboratories, and experiment gardens. Income. — About $24,000 per year paid by members of the association, This is slightly increased by the sale of cane and by fees. Lines of work. — The station is devoted to the interests of sugar-cane production, and its work includes the analysis of fertilizers and materi- als used in the manufacture of cane sugar: studies on the diseases of cane and on insects injurious to it: testingof varieties, and hybridizing, KONGO FREE STATE. Botanical Garden and Experiment Station, Coquithatville. The station was established in 1900. MALTA. Sant' Antonio Gardens. John Borg. Cur. Propagation and cultivation of ornamental trees and shrubs and of fruit trees, including the olive and orange, and investigations of insects affecting citrus fruits. Argotti Botanic Garden. a Dr. Francesco Debono, Cur. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 172 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. MADAGASCAR. Agricultural Experiment Station, Nahanisana. :i Governing hoard. — Prudhomme, who is chief of the Department of Agriculture in Madagascar. Station staff. — Fauchere, Dir. The station includes about 34 acres of land, part of which is a rice plantation, and was organized to make a survey of the agricultural resources of the island and to serve as a center for the dissemination of information on agricultural subjects. It is investigating means for improving the systems of culture now in use, introducing into the col- ony plants of economic importance, and studying methods of breeding and improving live stock. MAURITIUS. Botanic Gardens, Curepipe. b F. Bijoux. Department of Forests and Botanic Gardens, Pamplemousses. b J. Vankeirsbilck. Agricultural Station, Reduit. Governing hoard. — H. Leclezio. Pres.; W. T. A. Edwards, W. New- ton. G. Robinson, F. Nash, G. Aubie, C. Antelme, the president of the Chamber of Agriculture; the president of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences; R. Lejeunne, Sec. Station staff . — P. Boname, Dir.; A. Edwards, Asst. Dir. Equipment. — Laboratory and experimental held. Lines of work . — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, manures, sugar cane and its products, and miscellaneous articles; investigation of injurious insects; variety tests with cane; fertilizing experiments; feeding experiments with cattle; silage experiments; tests of various fodder plants, and meteorological observations. Annual reports are published. Botanic Gardens, Reduit. b W. A. Kennedy, Dir. a See Colonial Garden, Xogent-Sur-Marne, France, p. 99. b See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. NATAL NETHERLANDS. 173 NATAL. Botanic Gardens, Durban. ■ Governing board.— Committee of Durban Botanic Society; B. W. Greenacre, Pres.; F. W. Dore, Sec,; J. Medley Wood, Treas.; nine other members. Station staff .—J . Medley Wood. Our. ; several assistants and helpers. Equipment.— Buildings include a large conservatory and palm house, several propagating houses, fumigating and potting house, curator's residence, herbarium containing 24,000 plants, and library. The gardens are quite extensive, and portions of them serve as a public park. Income. — For 1890, $12,732.66, including Government grants, balance from former year, receipts from produce sold, and subscriptions and donations. Lines of work. — The introduction and cultivation of new plants; experiments with fiber plants, roots, trees, and shrubs, many of which are of commercial importance; investigation of plant diseases and insect pests and of means for their suppression; meteorological obser- vations. Botanic Gardens, Pietermaritzburg\ ■ G. Mitchell. Our. • NETHERLANDS. CLASSES OF EXPERIMENTAL INSTITUTIONS. There are in the Netherlands three classes of subsidized experi- mental institutions: (1) Government experiment stations and labor- atories, (2) experimental fields conducted under the auspices of local agricultural and horticultural societies, and (8) demonstration fields. The latter are merely cooperative demonstrations conducted under the supervision of officers called Government instructors in agriculture and Government instructors in horticulture, of whom there is one or more for each of the eleven provinces in the Netherlands. Reports of the cooperative experiments are published in the annual report of the minister of the interior. Of institutions of the first-class there are five Government experi- ment stations, located at Wageningen, Hoorn, Goes, Maastricht, and Groningen; a seed control station at Wageningen, and a laboratory of vegetable pathology at Amsterdam. The general management of these stations is intrusted to a commis- 1 See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 174 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. sion consisting" of not less than five nor more than eleven members, all appointed by the Crown. The president, the secretary, and one or more additional members of the committee constitute the executive committee which has immediate charge of the affairs of the station. The commission makes annual reports to the Minister of the Interior. The director of each station is appointed by the Crown; the other officers — chemists, botanists, bacteriologists, assistants, etc. — are appointed by the Minister of the Interior on recommendation of the director. The directors of the various stations form a college which meets at least twice each } T ear to discuss plans for experimental work and to lay out the cooperative experiments in charge of the instructors in agriculture and horticulture for the several provinces. The direc- tors report annually to the executive committee of the experiment station commission. To each station is assigned a certain territory, and all questions arising in that territory must be referred to the station within its limits. Willie Commelin Scholten Laboratory of Vegetable Pathology, Amsterdam. Station doff. — J. Ritzema Bos, Dir.,' one assistant and a stenog- rapher. Equipm,ent. — Laboratories at Amsterdam. Income. — Government subsidy of $2,811 per annum. Lines of work. — Investigations in vegetable pathology and economic entomology. Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Goes. Governing board. — Commission of five to eleven members appointed by the Crown. Station staff '.— Dr . A. J. 8 waving, Dir.; one chemist; three assist- ants; one clerk. Origin. — Established in 1889 at Breda; removed in 1893 to Goes. Equipment. — Laboratories in the station building, a garden sur- rounding the building, and experiment fields in the three provinces served by the station. Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government, based on esti- mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the Govern- in en t treasuiy. Lines of work. — Analysis of farm products, fertilizers, sugar beets, and butter for farmers; field experiments with fertilizers, and soil analyses. Especial attention is given to beet culture and the manu- facture of beet sugar. Together with the station at Hoorn this station is charged with the examination of samples of butter taken according to the regulations of the pure-butter law of 1890. The territory served by this station includes Zeeland, with the South Holland NETHERLANDS. 175 islands of Goeree and Overflakkee. North Brabant and Limburg were included in the territory of this station until 1898. when Lim- burg and most of North Brabant were cut off. Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Groning-en. Governing hoard. — Commission of live to eleven members appointed by the Crown. Station staff.— Dr. B. Sjollema. Dir.; one chemist; three assistants; two clerks. Origin. — Established in 1889. Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the Govern- ment treasury. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers; analysis of sugar beets, butter, and other farm products, and of soils; studies of cream- ery methods; investigations in organic chemistry. This station is located in a region where intensive culture is practiced, and it gives especial attention to fertilizers. Its territory includes Groningen, Drente. and part of Friesland* Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Hoorn. Governing hoard. Commission of five to eleven members appointed by the Crown. Station staff. — Dr. K. H. M. van der Zande. Dir.; one chemist; three assistants; two clerks; and for the bacteriological division a bac- teriologist and one assistant. Origin— Established in 1889. Equipment. — Experiment station laboratories including bacterio- logical laboratory. Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the Govern- ment treasury. lines of work. — Analysis of farm products, fertilizers, etc., for farmers. This station pays especial attention to dairy products, creamery methods, cattle feeding, and together with the station at Goes is charged with the examination of samples of butter. Its terri- tory includes the provinces of North Holland and South Holland, except the islands of Goeree and Overliakkee and the pasture district of Friesland. Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Maastricht. Govi rning hoard. —Commission of live to eleven members appointed by the ( Irdwn. Stat Im, staff. Dr. J. J. L. van Rijn, Dir.; one assistant; one clerk. Origin. — Founded in the fall of 1897. 176 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment, — La bora to ry . Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the Govern- ment treasury. Lines of work. — Analysis of farm products, fertilizers, soils, feeding stuffs, samples of water, and creamery products for farmers in the districts of Limburg and part of North Brabant. Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Wag-eningen. Governing hoard. — Commission of rive to eleven members appointed by the Crown. The actions of the commission are subject to the approval of the Minister of the Interior. Station staff. — Prof. Adolph Mayer, Dir.; one chemist, one assist- ant, two clerks. Origin. — Established by the Government in 1877. When stations were organized at Breda, Groningen, and Hoorn this became the cen- tral station. Equipment. — Laboratory of the Agricultural College at Wagenin gen and farm of 18 acres. Income. — Annual appropriations by the Government based on esti- mates by the director. Fees for analyses are turned into the Govern- ment treasury. Lines of work. — Investigations in soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, vegetable physiology, fermentations, and the effects of climate, methods of culture, fertilizers, and other factors upon the development and quality of tobacco, milk, butter, and other products. Chemical analy- sis of soils to determine the fertilizers needed receive especial atten- tion. The central station is referee in cases of dispute between seller and purchaser of fertilizers. The territory in charge of this station includes Gelderland, Overeijsel, and Utrecht. Government Seed Control Station, Wag-ening-en. Governing hoard. — Commission of rive to eleven members appointed b\ T the Crown. Station staff. — F. F. Bruijning, jr., Dir.; one assistant, two clerks. Origin. — The Government Seed Control Station was a division of the experiment station at Wageningen until 1898, when it was given separate organization. Equipment. — Laboratories for seed investigations. Income. — Government subsid}^ and fees for public and private seed control. Lines of work.- Testing seeds for purity and germination, control of the quality of seed sold in the Netherlands, and general scientific investigations on seeds and seed growing. NETHERLANDS. 177 Experimental Fields. The second class of subsidized experimental institutions in the Netherlands — experimental tields conducted under the auspices of local agricultural and horticultural societies, are somewhat more per- manent in character than the demonstration tields or cooperative experiments. They include the following: Experiment Field of the Gerard Adriaan Van Swieten Agricultural School. Willemsoord. A. A. Xeeb. Dir. and Instr. Experimental Field. Sappeneer G. Veenhuizan. Eaopt. The held is in charge of an agricultural society and devoted principally to testing potato fertilizers and vari- eties of potatoes. Experimental Field. Niew-Buinen. F. Schuurman. Dir. Established by the Agricultural Society of Niew-Buinen. Propagating Field of the Friesian Agricultural Company. Suameer. K. L. De Vries. Dir. Cultural experiments with potatoes. Experimental Field of the Friesian Horticultural Society. Leeuwarden. J. Postma, Dir. Variety tests of fruits and vegetables, and ferti- lizer experiments. Horticultural Experiment Field of the Groningen Horticultural Society. Groningen. Experimental Garden of the Groningen Division of the Netherlands Society for Horti- culture and Botany. Groningen. Variety tests of vegetables and small fruits. Union for Establishing and Maintaining the Pomological Garden. Tiel. H. N. S. C. van der Sijp. Variety tests of fruits. Association for Establishing and Maintaining an Experiment Garden, Aalsmeer. Variety tests. Association "The Experiment Garden," Boskoop. Variety tests. Limburg Experimental Gardens, Maastricht. K. Snellen. Dir. Object, to establish demonstration gardens and to conduct experiments. 22< 1 1 8 No. 112— 02— 1 2 178 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. NEW ZEALAND. New Zealand Department of Agriculture, Welling-ton. T. Y. Duncan, Mints, for Agr.; J. D. Ritchie, Sec. for Agv. and Chief Insp. of Stock. The Department of Agriculture, through its staff of scientists and inspectors, exercises general supervision over the agriculture of the island; conducts scientific investigations in chemistry, bacteriology, veterinary science, entomology, etc.; and in addition to the work done at the different experiment stations conducts numerous experi- ments on leased farms in various parts of the island. These experi- ments include investigations with fertilizers, field crops, fruits, and vegetables; and experiments in dairying, animal production, and the repression of injurious animals and insects. Since 1893 the depart- ment has published annual reports, and more recently has begun printing bulletins and leaflets for the instruction of farmers. Colonial Botanic Garden', Aukland. a William Goldie, Ranger. Colonial Botanic Garden, Christchurch. a Ambrose Taylor, Head Gard. Colonial Botanic Garden, Dunedin. a J. McBean, Supt. Colonial Botanic Garden, Invercargill. a Thomas Waugh, Head Gard. Canterbury Agricultural College, Lincoln. Staff. — William Lowrie, Dir., Agr.; G. Gray, Cheat.; C. O. Lillie, Natural Sci.; J. R. Charlton, Vet. Equipment. — College buildings, farm of 710 acres, farm buildings, stock yards, implements, etc. Lines of work. — Field experiments, including methods of culture; tests of fertilizers, varieties of cereals, forage crops and roots; and chemical and biological investigations. Colonial Botanic Garden, Napier. a W. Barton, Supt. "See Royal ( iardenn, Kew, p. 142. NEW ZEALAND. 179 Experimental Station, Wairangi. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — E. Clifton, fnsp. of Stock, in Charge of Audi and District. Equipment. — An area of 1,800 acres, of which 20 acres are under cultivation. 3 acres are in vineyard, and several acres are in fruit trees: a bark mill. Zincs of work. — The station was established for the purpose of experimenting with wattles {Acacia decurrens and A. dealbata) for the production of tan bark. About 4<>o acres were sown to wattles, which in 1900 yielded about 56 tons of tan bark. In 1896 an orchard and a vineyard were set out for the purpose of experimenting with fruits on waste land. These experiments have been quite successful. Tests of native grasses have been undertaken recently. Momohaki Experimental Station, Waverly. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture. Station staff.— Gillanders. Overseer; W. J. Palmer, Nurseryman, Equipment. — The farm contains an orchard of 7 acres, an arbore- tum, nursery, and experimental plats, and supports in horses. 45 cattle, nearly 1,200 sheep. 675 chickens, and L66 ducks. Lines of work. — Experiments are conducted with root crops, garden vegetables, cereals, grasses, hedge plants, fruits, and manures. Large quantities of nursery stock are distributed annually, meteorological observations are taken, and experiments in raising cattle, sheep, and poultry are conducted. Colonial Botanic Garden, Welling-ton.* G. Gibb. Head Gard\ Experimental Station, Weraroa. Governing board. — Department of Agriculture. Station .staff. — G. Koss. Overseer. Origin. — This station was formerly the Levin State Farm, but in r.Mio it was reorganized and put in charge of the present overseer. Equipment. — Farm buildings, orchards, live stock, and about 800 acres of land. Income. — Supported by the Department of Agriculture. During the fiscal year ended March 31. 1901, the total expenditures were £13,735. Lines of work. — The work of the past year has consisted mostly of clearing, fencing, and draining land, but some experiments with farm crops and cattle were conducted. As soon as practicable, experiments in fruit growing and dairying will be undertaken. "See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. ISO EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. NORWAY. Department of Agriculture, Christiania. T. Lochen. Sec. of Agr.; J. Smith. Dir. of Agr.; Dr. O. Malm, Dir. of Vet. Service; M. M. Seiner. Dir. of Far.; J. L. Hirsch, Dir. of Agr. Academy. With one or two exceptions the experiment stations, control stations, and laboratories of Norway are under the direct control of the secre- tary of agriculture or other officers of the Department of Agriculture. The experiment station and chemical laboratory connected with the Agricultural High School at Aas are under the control of the director of the high school, who is an officer of the Department of Agricul- ture. The director of the Veterinary Pathological Institute and Ani- mal Vaccine Institute at Christiania is also an officer of the Depart- ment. All stations under the direction of the Department receive subsidies from the Government, and the control stations also receive fees for all work of a private nature. Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School, Aas. Governing boa/rd. — The director of the Agricultural High School, who is responsible to the Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Bastian R. Larsen, Dir.; Morton F. Nilssen, Asst.; Karl A. Husen, Form., of Farm; several assistants who superintend cooperative experiments. The director of the station is professor of agronomy in the Agricultural High School. 0?*igin. — In 1898 the Agricultural High School took up the experi- mental work begun in 1889 by the Society for Norway's Weal. Equij^ment. — The station uses the botanical and other laboratories, the plant house, and the forcing house of the Agricultural High School, and has besides an experimental farm which is provided with the ordinary farm buildings and implements. Income. — The budget of the station is included in that of the Agri- cultural High School. During the last two years (1900 and 1901) the annual budget for experimental purposes has been £4.368. Lines of work. — Variety tests with barley, oats, and other cereals, and with clovers, lupines, root crops, and miscellaneous crops; and experiments with various systems of rotation. Most of the experi- ments are cooperative. The results obtained at Aas are tested locally by experiments conducted by rield directors on 150 private farms in different parts of Norway. The results of the work are published in the annual report of the secretary of agriculture and in occasional con- tributions to the agricultural press. NORWAY. 181 Chemical Laboratory of the Agricultural High School, Aas. Station staff. — J. Sebelien, Dir.; one assistant; one helper. The chemical department of the Agricultural High Schorl has no special appropriation for investigational purposes, and yet the chemist has conducted important investigations with soils, chemical fertilizers, manures, root crops, feeding stuffs, milk, etc., and has published numerous papers on these investigations. Milk Control Station, Berg-en. Station staff. — H. Lundgaard, Dir. The station has no officers besides the director. Origin— Established in 1896. Equipment. — Laboratory provided with butyrometer and other apparatus. Income. — State subsidy of $676 and fees. The fee for testing a single sample of milk is 2.7 cents; for large numbers, half as much per sample. Lines of work. — Determination of fat content of samples of milk sent in by creameries and farmers. In 1899, 10,120 samples were tested. Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Christiania. Governiraj hoard* — The director reports directly to the secretary of agriculture. Station staff. — Sigmund Hals, Dir. an<1 (lorn.; F. N. Moe and Arne Kavli, Assts. Chan.; E. J. Michelet, Pharm.; Olaf H. Qvam, Bot. in Charge of Seed Con trot. Origin. — Organized in L891; began research work in 1892. Previous to that time, since 1803, the department of chemistry of the Agricul- tural High School at Aas had made analyses of agricultural products for private parties, for which purpose the Society for Norway's Weal or the Government made small appropriations. This station, however, has no connection with the Agricultural High School at Aas. The seed control division was established in 1901. Equipment. — A well-equipped laboratory in a private dwelling. Income. — Budget from State for 1901, including salaries, $6,592.80. Fees for analyses will amount to about $125. Lines of work. — Analysis of feeding stuffs, dairy products, fertilizers, soils, water, etc.; original investigations to determine the best methods of estimating fat in milk and cheese, and of analyzing soils; cooperative fertilizer experiments; investigation of various fodders and concen- trated feeding stuffs and of the poisonous constituents of rape seed cake; comparison of the fat of cow's milk, goat's milk, and reindeer 182 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. milk, and experiments in sugar-beet culture. In 1899, 1,718 samples were analyzed. The work of the station is published in the annual report of the secretary of agriculture and in agricultural papers. Milk Control Station, Christiania. Station staff. — H. Olsen, Dir. The station has no officers besides the director. Origin.— Established in 1894. Equipment. — Laboratory provided with apparatus for testing milk. Income — State subsidy of $676 and fees. The fee for testing a smgle sample of milk is 2.T cents; for large numbers, half as much per sample. Lines of work. ^-Determination of fat in samples of milk sent in by creameries and farmers. In 1899 39,158 samples were analyzed. Seed Control Station, Christiania. Station staff. — Miss C. Steen, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1886. Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing. Income.— -For 1899, 1428.80 (State, 294.SO; fees, $134). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purhyv, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. In 1899, 234 samples were analyzed. Veterinary Pathological and Animal Vaccine Institutes, Christiania. Governing board. — For the Veterinary Pathological Institute: The Department of Agriculture represented by the director-general of the Veterinary Service. For the Animal Vaccine Institute: The Medical Service of the Department of Police. Station staff. — Dr. O. Malm, Dir.: several assistants and helpers. Origin.— Established in October, 1900. The two institutions, although under different governing boards, are in the same building and under the same director. Equipment. — A centrally located building which contains a library; two offices; dwelling for the keeper; four laboratories: museum; two rooms for vaccine calves and for the production of lymph; one room for the slaughtering and postmortem work; two rooms for infected animals; stable; cow shed; one room for health}' rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, and mice; pigeon house; courtyard for larger animals, and Enclosures for smaller animals during the summer. Income— For 1900, $4,260 (lor the Veterinary Pathological Insti- tute, $2,640; for the Animal Vaccine Institute, ^1,020). These funds arc appropriated by the Government. NORWAY. 183 Lines of work. — The Veterinary Pathological Institute conducts experiments and investigations in veterinary science of a pathological and bacteriological nature; examines animals sent in by veterinary surgeons and farmers: produces tuberculin, which is distributed gratis to veterinary surgeons, except when used for testing animals imported to the quarantine stations, and conducts, once a year, courses in bacteriology, histologr. and milk control for veterinary surgeons who have received fellowships from the Department of Agriculture. The Animal Vaccine Institute produces and furnishes gratis to phy- sicians and authorized vaccinators all the vaccine that is used in Nor- way. Between 00.000 and 90,000 samples of vaccine are distributed annually. Seed Control Station, Hamar. Station staff. — Jon Reid, Dir. Origin.— Established in 1886. Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing. Income. — Small subsidy from Hedemarken County and fees. Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Entomological Laboratory, Nordstrand, near Christiania. Station staff . — Wilhelm M. Sch0yen, Dir. and State Eni. At the State Entomological Laboratory the entomologist investigates spraying apparatus and materials, studies injurious insects and fungus and bacterial diseases of plants, and disseminates information regard- ing means for suppressing these pest-; and diseases. In 1899 183 investigations were carried out. The entomologist's duties as State inspector take him to all parts of the country. Milk Control Station, Trondhjem. Station staff. — Th. Soelberg. Dir. The station has no officers besides the director. Origin. — Established in 1894. Equipment. — Laboratory provided with butyrometer and other apparatus for testing milk. Income. — State subsidy of $676 and fees. The fee for testing a single sample of milk is 2.7 cents; for large numbers, half as much per sample. Lines of work. — Determination of fat in samples of milk sent in by creameries and farmers. In 1899 55,162 samples were tested. Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Trondhjem. Govern ing hoard. — Under direct control of the secretary of agri- culture. 184 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Station staff. — Dr. E. Solberg, Dir.; J. Glomstad. Asst.; one helper. Origin. — The buildings were constructed in 1898, and work was begun January 2, 1899. Equipment. — Laboratory costing Si, 790 and library containing 166 volumes. Income. — State subsidy and fees. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, soils, milk and dairy products, etc. In 1899 3o6 samples were analyzed. Seed Control Station. Trondhjem. Station staff. — K. Schoyen, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1886. Equipment. — Laboratory and apparatus for seed testing. Income. — Small subsidy from Trondhjem County and fees. Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. PARAGUAY. School of Agriculture and Model Farm, Asuncion. Staff. — Moises S. Bertoni. Dir. Lines of work. — Analysis and study of natural and manufactured products of the country: meteorological observations for the purpose of studying the effect of climate on vegetation: experimental study of the elements concerned in the development of cultivated plants: study of varieties, composition, productiveness, acclimatization, etc.. of culti- vated plants. PORTUGAL. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Lisbon. Governing l><>< rial Domains,' A. Steven, Asst. Sec; Khomikow, Dir. of Agr.; Th. Nikitine, Dir. of For.; 186 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Jassa, Dir. ofMin.; Tikheiew, Dir. of Domains; Lebedew, Chancellor; D. Timiz} T azev, Dir. of Ayr. Econ. and statistics. The Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains as at present constituted was organized in 1894. It comprises divisions of agricul- ture, forests, mines, and domains. Quite recently there has been established a system of commissioners of agriculture to preside over the agricultural affairs in their respective provinces or governments and to seek to promote and improve the agricultural conditions in general. These commissioners have charge of all public measures relating to agriculture and rural affairs, and exercise supervision over all local agricultural institutions maintained by the Government. They inquire into the agricultural needs of their respective governments, recom- mend Government aid for such local or private enterprises as merit special encouragement, and are charged with the administration of the system of Government loans on agricultural improvements and bounties for the encouragement of farm industries. They are expected to take an active part in provincial and municipal agricultural meetings, and to maintain close relations with all societies and conventions of farmers. Connected with the commissioners' offices are corps of agricultural specialists and instructors who are assigned to the Avork by the Depart- ment of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. They go out among the landowners and peasants for the purpose of collecting data regarding the actual condition of various branches of agriculture, to diffuse general information on agricultural topics, and endeavor to improve the methods and practices in vogue. At the request of farmers thej- visit farms to give expert advice on questions of management, and they take active measures for the repression of insects, injurious animals, and plant diseases. The department cooperates with these various agencies by the issue of manuals and other publications and the commissioners recommend to the department such measures for the improvement of agricultural conditions in their respective govern- ments as seem to them desirable. Experiment stations in Russia have been established by private per- sons, b} T societies, by provincial or district governments (zemstvos), and by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Many of them are merely demonstration fields established for the purpose of instructing the peasants, or of introducing new agricultural industries; others have been established as centers for the production and distri- bution of improved varieties of seeds and plants, and some are con- ducted as institutions for research. These stations are investigating a wide range of subjects, among which may be mentioned questions relating to the production o* tobacco, beet sugar, wine, silk, cotton, olives, tea, and other products. They are also conducting investiga- tions in chemistry, bacteriology, botany, dairying, agronomy, irriga- tion, and forestry. RUSSIA. 187 Agricultural Chemical and Seed Control Station, Abo, Finland. Governing board. — Imperial Finnish Economic Society. Station staff. — Daniel Langerlof. Dir. Income. — The station is supported by the State and the city of Abo. Lines of work. — Analysis of agricultural supplies and products and seed testing. Nursery of Grapevines, Aleshki, Govt. Taurida. Origin. — Founded in 1896. Lines of work. — Introduction of American vines in localities infested with phylloxera, and experiments with different varieties of American and European vines to determine varieties and methods best adapted to the sandy soils of the region. Nursery for Olive Trees, Artvina, Govt. Kutais, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1898 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Experiments for the improvement of varieties of olives and of methods of preserving them and extracting their oil. The nursery supplies the people of the district with young olive and other fruit trees of improved varieties, and has begun experiment- in drying fruit-. Laboratory of the Bureau of Fish and Seal Industries, Astrakhan, Govt. Astrakhan. Origin. — Founded in 1890. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, bacteriological cabinet, photo- graphic apparatus, museum, and library. Lines of work. — Study of the nature of fish poison, analysis of the waters and soils of the Volga Delta, experiments in the purification of seal fat. experiments with cultures of mouse typhus, and the deter- mination of the salt content of the water of the Caspian Sea. Experiment Field, Bodrowiz, Govt. Kiev. Staff. — K. J. Derinissenko, Dir. Agricultural Experiment Station, Near Bogodukhov, Govt. Kharkov. Origin. — Founded by P. I. Kharitonenko on the Parkhomov estate. Equipment. — Chemical and "selection" laboratories, experiment field, experiment plats in various parts of the estate, and a meteorolog- ical station. Income. — The station is maintained at the expense of the founder, who allows S8 j M.K) annually for its support. Lines of work, — Manurial experiments with sugar beets, variety 188 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. tests, selection experiments with sugar beets to obtain seeds for the beet fields on the estate of the founder, investigation of the soils of the estate, study of diseases of the sugar beet. The station has made important investigations of the diseases which cause the roots of sugar beets to shrivel. Vuisokolitovsk Experiment Field, Brest, Govt. Gradno. Origin. — Founded by the Countess M. Pototski. Lines of work. — Testing and acclimatizing different varieties of cereals and other cultivated plants. Experiment Field, Bug-uruslan, Govt. Samara. Staff.— Teitel, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — P^laboration of rational methods of cultivation, fer- tilizer experiments, and the study of measures which ma} 7 lead to decreasing the injurious effects of droughts. Experiment Field of the Kharkov Society for Agriculture and Agricultural Industries, Byelg-orod, Govt. Kursk. i Origin. — Founded in 1886 on the Novotavolzhanka estate. Lines of work. — Variety tests and fertilizer experiments with sugar, beets and the elaboration of methods of seed selection. Agricultural Experiment Station, Chojnowo, Poland. Governing board. — Committee of five. ; Station staff. — Dr. Casimir Rogoyski, Dir. Origin. — Organized in 1899 by an association of thirty landholders. Equipment. — Laboratory and field of 55 acres for experiments. Income.— About $1,600. Lines of work. — Soil studies, including analyses and vegetation ex- periments; examination of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, and seeds; field! experiments, and seed production. TJyutnoe Experiment Field, Dmitriev, Govt. Kursk. Origin. — Founded by T. P. Vangengain, cooperating with the pro- vincial and district zemstvos. Lines of work. — Fruit-culture experiments and experiments in the! cultivation of buckwheat. Agricultural Chemical Station, near Dorog-obush, Govt. Smolensk. Station staff. — R. A. Djakonow, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the State on the Batishchevo Estate. Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments to determine the influence of phosphates on rye and of kainit on clover and flax. RUSSIA. 189 Experiment Field, Elabug-, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Vyatka Provincial Zemstvo. Equipment. — Field, garden, apiary, orchard, and nursery. Lines of work: — Fertilizer experiments and variety tests. Experiment Field of the Eletz Agricultural Society, Eletz, Govt. Orel. Origin, — Founded in 1898. Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments, the study of fodder plants suitable to the region, and experiments in soil cultivation. Agricultural Experiment Station, near Garvolonsk, Poland. Origin. — Founded in 1886 by the Warsaw Society of Agricultural Colonies and Industrial Homes on the Sobyeshin Estate donated by Count Kitski. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, seed-test- ing laboratory, and two experiment fields. Lines of work. — Variety tests, acclimatization of new plants, ferti- lizer experiments, study of methods of soil cultivation and the use of agricultural implements, the giving of directions and advice on various agricultural questions, such as methods of destroying injurious insects, etc. Experiment Field, Glazov, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the peasants of the village of Kaleva. aided by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — Trial of an 8-course rotation to determine its advan- tages over the 3-course rotation practiced by the peasants. Experiment Station of the Gorki Agricultural School, Gorki, Govt. Mogilev. Origin. — Founded in L897. Lines of work. — Seed testing; botanical analysis of hay; and the analysis of soils, fertilizers, and fodders. Flax Culture Station, Gorodische, Govt. Kostroma. Station st/ iron!,'. — Acclimatization of the best varieties of cultivated plants, production of seeds to be distributed among the farmers, and the development of a system of soil cultivation adapted to the region. Experiment Field, Khakanovsk, Govt. Terek, Caucasus. Staff. — Kartzov, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the Department of Agriculture and inperial Domains. Lines of work. — Measures are being tried to improve the condition of agriculture, which is very low in that region. The cultivation of the castor bean is developing considerably under the influence of the staff of the experiment held. KUSSIA. 191 Bacteriological Station of the Kharkov Veterinary Institute, Kharkov, Govt . Kharkov. Origin. — Founded in 1888 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. Income. — A State subsidy of about $2,500 per annum. Lines of work. — During the first few years of its activity the labora- tory experimented in preventive inoculation for anthrax, and in 1893 it began to prepare and distribute mallein for the diagnosis of glanders in horses and to test the vaccine for anthrax prepared by Tsenkovski and Pasteur. Experiments were made to determine the microbe which causes cattle plague. Since 1895 examinations of tuberculous cattle have been made on the farm of the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Experiment Station of the Kharkov Agricultural School, Kharkov, Govt. Kharkov. Origin. — Founded in 1897. Lines of work. — Seed testing, and the botanical analysis of hay. Experiment Field, Kherson, Govt. Kherson. Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the Kherson Provincial Zemstvo. Equvpna nt. — Laboratory, greenhouse with portable tables for experi- ments in plant physiology, and an experimental vineyard. Income. — The field receives annually $1,287.50 from the State. Lines of work. — Elaboration of rational methods of farming as applied to local conditions of soil and climate and the dissemination of information on the results obtained; experiments with barnyard manure, green manure and mineral fertilizers and with various methods of fallowing; experiments in combating fungus diseases of cereals. In the laboratory, hothouse and fields extensive experiments are conducted to determine the amount of water evaporated by spring wheat during its growth. Seed Control Station and Chemical Laboratory of the South Russian Society for Promoting Agriculture and Rural Industries, Kiev, Govt. Kiev. Origin. — Founded in 1897. Lines of work. — Seed testing, and the analysis of agricultural prod- ucts and supplies. Seed Control Station of the Kiev Society of Agriculture and Agricultural Industries, Kiev, Govt. Kiev. Station staff. — J. Bardsilevski, Dir. Lines of work. — Seed testing. Technical Laboratory of the Kiev Section of the Russian Technical Society, Kiev, Govt. Kiev. Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and agricultural products. EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Experiment Station of the Bessarabian School of Wine Making-, Kishinev, Govt. Bessarabia. Station staff. — N. G. Kotelnikov. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1895. Equipment. — Experimental vineyard, technical and yeast laborato- ries, meteorological station, and wine cellar. Linesof work. — The study of soils, of European and American vines to ascertain those best adapted to the region, and of various methods of making and keeping wine: study and analysis of local wines: and experiments in various methods of culture, in heeling and fertilizing grapevines, and in fermenting with pure yeast culture-. Experiment Field, Klin, Govt. Moscow. Origin. — Founded in 1891 on the Krasni Kholm Estate. Lines of work. — Field culture experiments. Buzov Experiment Field, Kotelnich, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded by the district zemstvo. Linesof work. — Grass raising, and experiments in the improvement of waste lands by the use of clover and phosphates. Buzinovsk Nursery of Grapevines, Kuchurg-an, Govt. Kherson. Origin. — Founded in 1896. Lines of work. — Experiment- with American vines to ascertain the varieties best adapted to the local conditions, instruction to the people in grafting vines, and distribution of American and European vines among the people. Experiment Field, Kungura, Govt. Perm. Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the Kungura District Zemstvo. Equipment. — Garden, orchard, apiary, and stables for cattle. Lines of work. — Familiarizing peasants with improved methods of soil cultivation and supplying them with improved seeds. Experiment Cotton Field, Kutais, Govt. Kutais, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domain.-. Lines of work. — Experiments in the cultivation of cotton: instruc- tion to the people in rational methods of culture; experiments in the cultivation of peanuts, fodder corn, beets, alfalfa, olives, tea. etc.; and the free disl ribution of seeds. KDSSIA. 193 Sakarsk Nursery of American Vines, Kvirila, Govt. Kutais, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1890. Equipment. — Nurseries, laboratories, meteorological station, and museum. Lines of work, — Cultivation of American vines for distribution among the people, investigation of the soils of Kutais government, observations and investigations on the biology of phylloxera, and the study of measures for destroying phylloxera. Askhabad Experiment Cotton Field, Kyoshi, Trans-Caspian Region. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Demonstration of rational cotton culture; study of the influence of irrigation on yield of cotton; experiments in the rota- tion of other crops with cotton; variety tests; acclimatization and cul- tivation of different varieties of wheat, corn, sorghum, peas, and other crops. Station for Seed Selection and Experiment Field of the Pliskovo Beet- Sug-ar Factory, Lipovetz, Govt. Kiev. Origin. — Founded by V. S. Tishkevich. Lines of work. — Experiments to increase the yield of beets and their sugar content. Experiment Tobacco Plantation, Lokhvitza, Govt. Poltava. Staff. — P. M. Lomonosov, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1890 by the Lokhvitza Society of Agricultur- ists, which maintains the plantation with the help of an annual grant of $515 from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Study of methods of cultivation which give most satisfactory results in the production of Makhorka tobacco, a variety of great importance in that region. This study embraces such ques- tions as the distance of planting, the number of leaves to be left on the stem, the selection of varieties, the comparison of results when transplanted and when sowed in the row, and the influence of fertilizers. Experiment Field for Oil-Bearing- Plants, Lokhvitza, Govt. Poltava. Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Lokhvitza Society of Agricultur- ists with financial aid from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Experiments in the cultivation of oil-bearing plants and other economic plants, such as flax, hemp, poppy, sunflower, and garden cress. 22018— No. 112—02 13 194 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Experiment Station, Luga, Govt. St. Petersburg. Station staff— J. J. Sokhotski, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1889 by P. A. Bilderling on his Zapole estate, with the cooperation of the Imperial Free Economic Society; reor- ganized in 1895 and placed under the control of the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, library and small museum. Lines of work. — Cultural experiments with different varieties of rye, barley, oats, and potatoes to ascertain those most suitable for the north of Russia; fertilizer experiments, especially with phosphates; the improvement of meadows; and culture experiments with fruit trees and berries. Experiment Field of the Northern Agricultural Society, Lynban, Govt. Novgorod. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Northern Agricultural Society aided by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments with cereals and other plants, improvement of meadows, testing of agricultural machines and imple- ments, experiments in dairying and cattle raising, and soil investiga- tions. Kluchi Experiment Field, Malmyzh, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — Familiarizing peasants with rational methods of culture and with the use of fertilizers and improved seeds. Signakh Experiment Tobacco Plantation, Matnaari, Govt. Tiflis, Caucasus. Staff. — Enfiadzianetz, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by Director Enfiadzianetz. Lines of work. — Experiments to determine the varieties of tobacco best suited to the region and also to determine the best methods for cultivating, curing, and finishing tobacco. The question as to varie- ties appears to have been settled. Platana, Samsoun, and Dubeg are varieties which are little inferior to the original Turkish tobaccos. Agricultural Experiment Station, Medtzi, Govt. Volhynia. Origin. — Founded by Count I. A. Pototzki on the Antonine estate. Equipment. — "Selection" laboratory, meteorological station, and experiment field. Income. — The station is maintained at the expense of Count Pototzki. Lilies of work. — Selection experiments with sugar beets, variety RUSSIA. 195 tests with cereals, fertilizer and cultural experiments with sugar beets. The station also conducts a demonstration held for the benefit of the peasants in the neighborhood. Experiment Cotton Field, Merv, Trans-Caspian Region. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Familiarizing the people with the best methods of cultivating cotton, and with the use of fertilizers, improved imple- ments, etc.; study of the influence of irrigation on yield of cotton; development of a system of rotation of other crops with cotton, and variety tests with cotton. Experiment Field of the Courland Economic Society, Mitava, Govt. Courland. Origin. — Founded in 1893. Lines of ivork. — Field culture experiments. Agricultural Experiment Station, Mogilev, Govt. Podolsk. Origin. — Founded by K. S. Bushchinski on the Nemerche estate. Equipment. — Laboratories, meteorological station, and experiment field. Lines of work. — Selection experiments with sugar beets, fertilizer experiments, germination and variety tests, and experiments in pre- serving beet seeds and roots. Bacteriological Agricultural Station, Moscow, Govt. Moscow. Station staff. — S. Severin, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Imperial Russian Societ} T for the Acclimatization of Animals and Plants. Lines of work. — Investigation of theoretical and practical questions in agricultural bacteriology. Some of the questions which have received attention at the station are the decomposition of nitrates by bacteria, role of bacteria in the decomposition of horse manure, the making of butter from cream ripened by means of pure cultures of lactic-acid bacteria, and the study of the silkworm disease known as flacherie. Experiment Station of the Moscow Agricultural Institute, Moscow, Govt. Moscow. Origin. — After being closed for some time the station was reopened in 1897. Lines of work. — Seed testing, and the analysis of soils, fertilizers, hay. and fodders. 196 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Biological Laboratory of the Moscow Agricultural School, Moscow, Govt. Moscow. Origin. — Founded in 1898. Lines of 'work. — The object of the laboratory is to aid zenistvos and other public institutions, also private persons, in combating injurious insects. Scientific investigations in economic entomolog}^ are con- ducted. Experiment Field, Murashkino, Govt. Nizhni Novgorod. Staff. — E. F. Garlitski, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Nizhni Novgorod Provincial Zemstvo. Lines of work. — The staff endeavors to aid farmers in increasing the productiveness of their lands by familiarizing them with improved methods of cultivation, distributing improved seeds, and testing agri- cultural implements. Fertilizer experiments are conducted. Experiment Station of the Agricultural and Dairy Institute, Mustiala, Finland. Station staff. — Dr. Gosta Grotenfelt, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1881. Equipment. — Accommodations are provided for three divisions- agricultural chemistry, dairying, and forestry. Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments, investigations of milk, test- ing new dairy appliances, experiments in cattle feeding, investigations in the use of tuberculin for purposes of diagnosis, and acclimatization of forest trees. Experiment Vineyard of the Nikolaev Section of the Imperial Russian Society of Horticulture, Nikolaev, Govt. Kherson. Origin. — Founded in 1893. Lines of work. — Cultivation of American vines. Experiment Station of the Maria Agricultural School, Nikolaevskoe, Govt. Saratov. Origin. — Founded in 1897. Equipment. — Laboratory and experiment field. Lines of work. — Seed testing; the analysis of soils, hay, and ferti- lizers; the cultivation of saffron for the production of oil and of field crops. Churakov Experiment Field, Nolinsk, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded in 1892 by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — Cultural field experiments, and the production of improved seed for distribution among farmers. RUSSIA. 197 Experiment Farm of the Novo-Alexandrian Institute of Agriculture and Forestry. Novo-Alexandria. Govt. Lublin. Staff.— Prof. P. V. Budrin. Dir. Lines of work- — Academic work, tiekl culture experiments and fer- tilizer experiments. Experiment Field, Novocherkassk, Govt. Don. Origin. — -Founded in 1891 by the Don Agricultural Society. Lines of work. — Elaboration of technical methods of cultivation suited to the requirements of the region, fertilizer experiments, and the production of improved seeds for the farmers. Experiment Garden Farm, Novoe-Selo, Govt. Yaroslav. Staff. — M. A. Oshannin. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1S91 by M. A. Oshannin with financial aid from the Ministry of Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Experiments to determine the best cheap method of cultivating, drying, and preserving garden vegetables: cultivation of medicinal and scent plant-: distillation of essential oils: and demon- strations for the instruction of the people. Shatilov Agricultural Experiment Station, near Novosil, Govt. Tula. Station staf.—G. Nefedof, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1896 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains with the cooperation of the Novosil Zemstvo on an estate of 150 acre-* donated by I. O. Shatilov Equipment. — Laboratory and meteorological station. Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations and tield experiments relating to questions of local agriculture. A nursery of fruit trees is being established, and the establishment of fertilizer and seed control is planned. Experiment Field, Odessa, Govt. Kherson. Staff.— V. G. Rotmistrov. Dir. Origin. —Founded in 1894 by the Imperial Agricultural Society of Southern Russia. Equipment. — Experiment field of over 200 acres, vineyard, chemi- cal laboratory, and a meteorological station. Income. — Maintained by the Imperial Agricultural Society of South- ern Russia with financial aid as follows: Kherson Provincial Zemstvo. $1,030; Odessa District Zemstvo. *3o9: Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, £1.236. Lines of work. — Practical study of the agricultural problems of Southern Russia, and experiments to determine the period of time during which fertilizers continue to be active. 198 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Experiment Field, Omsk, Govt. Akmolinsk, Siberia. Staff. — Prince Kudashev, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Introduction of winter cereals which are not pro- duced to any extent in this region, fertilizer experiments, study of local fodder grasses, experiments in gardening, and the testing of agricultural machines and implements. Experiment Field, Orlov, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded in 1893-1895 by the district zemstvo, with financial aid from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — The production of improved seeds on a large scale, and familiarizing farmers with improved methods of land cultivation. Experiment Field, Osi. Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — The production of improved varieties of agricul- tural plants, the seeds of which are distributed among the people, and fertilizer experiments. Experiment Field of the Moscow Agricultural Institute, Petrovsko- Razumovskoe, Govt. Moscow. Staff. — R. W. Williams, Dir. Lines of work. — Extensive experiments in the cultivation of buck- wheat. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ploti, Govt. Podolsk. Governing hoard. — The founder, Prince P. P. Trubetzkoi, and several professors of the Novo- Alexandrian Agricultural Institute. Station staff . — S. Scheusev, Dir.; B. Velbel, Chem.; A. Karabetov, Mgr. Expt. Field; A. Yunge, (EnoL; M. L. Volinsky, Met. Origin. — Founded in 1891, by Prince P. P. Trubetzkoi on his estate. Equijpmmt. — Meteorological station, chemical laboratory, extensive experiment fields, a vineyard, and a wine-making establishment with a cellar. Fn come. — The station is maintained at the expense of the founder with annual grants from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. The total expenditures for 1900 were 83,238.21. Lines of work. — The chief object of the station is the study of the properties of chernozem soils (black earth) by means of analysis and cultural experiments. Other lines of work include the analysis of fertilizers, wines, etc.; experiments in fermenting red wine by various methods; the use of pure cultures in wine making; experiments to RUSSIA. 199 determine the conditions under which mealy grains of barley are changed to liinty grains. Special attention is being given to studies of nitrogen in soils, rain water, and drainage water. Experiment Field, Poltava, Govt. Poltava. Governing hoard. — Poltava Agricultural Society. Staff.— V. N. Dyakov, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the Poltava Provincial Zemstvo. Equipment. — Nursery, laboratory, etc. Income. — $4,120 annually, of which sum the State appropriates $1,802.50. Lines of work. — Investigations in the interest of local agriculture. From experiments carried out in the field it has been found that " black fallow" accumulates more moisture and exercises a more favorable influence upon field crops than any other kind of fallow. Flax Culture Station, Porkhov, Govt. Pskov. Station staff. — Myasnikov, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1891 on the Dirini Gorki estate of L. I. Sakovich. Income. — The station is maintained by appropriations from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains and from the Pskov Provincial Zemstvo. Lints of work. — Experiments in retting flax according to the Amer- ican and other methods, the introduction among the people of rational methods of preparing flax liber, experiments in the use of fertilizers in flax culture, and instruction in flax culture. Since 1897 experiments have, been conducted in retting flax with the aid of pure cultures of the bacilli of flax retting isolated by one of the specialists of the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Agricultural Chemical Experiment and Seed Testing- Station of the Polytechnic Institute, Riga, Govt. Livonia. Station .staff. — Prof. George Thorns, Dir.; W. von Haken, First Asst. Chern. y M. Hallay, Second Asst. Chem. / L. Stauee, Third Asst. Ohem./ Carl Pauts, Clerk and Helper. Origin. — The Polytechnic Institute at Riga was organized in 1862, and two years later — September 1, 1861 — the Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station was organized, with Dr. August Toepler, profes- sor of chemistry in the institute, in charge of the work. In 1868 Dr. Toepler was succeeded by Prof. F. Weber, who served four years. In 1872 the station was reorganized and placed under the present director, who has no official duties in connection with the institute. In 1878 a seed-control division was added, and the name of the station changed to its present form. 200 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment. — Laboratories for chemical and seed-control work. Income.— For 1899-1900, $3,402.55. (Fees for analyses, $3,042.05; subsidies, $360.50.) Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, feeding stuffs, seeds, and tapestries; analysis of foods, condiments, fuels, and agri- cultural products generall} T , and chemical and bacteriological investi- gations. For a number of years the station has been making thorough and extensive studies of the soils in the region surrounding Riga, one of the purposes of these investigations being to secure "data for a rational taxation of farm lands." In connection with the tapestry control qualitative tests of wall paper, dress goods, etc., for arsenic, phosphorus, and c} T anogen are made. Annual reports of the work of the station have been published since its organization as an independ- ent institution in 1872. Experiment Farm of the Riga Polytechnic Institution, Riga, Govt. Livonia. Lines of work. — Devoted chiefly to academic purposes, but is experi- menting with a 10-course rotation and with fodders and fertilizers. Koreisubansk Nursery of American Vines, Sadzhavakho, Govt. Kutais, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1896. Lines of work. — Supplying American vines at low figures to all localities of the Caucasus infested with phylloxera, and the testing of varieties of vines best adapted to the region. Agricultural Bacteriological Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, St. Petersburg. Station staff. — A. Theoktistov, Dir. Origin.— Founded in 1892 by the Ministiy of Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations and field experiments in destroying mice and susliks by means of bacteria; investigation of the causes of decreasing virulence in bacterial cultures and determination of the degree of virulence of various cultures: preparation of cultures in large quantities, and of grain treated with strychnine for the destruction of rats. Ichthyological Laboratory of the Nikolsk Ichthyological Works, St. Petersburg. Origin. — Founded in 1896. Lines of work. — Investigations of the ph} T siology, nourishment, and biology of fishes, and studies of the influence of petroleum on fishes. Seed Testing Station of the Imperial Botanical Garden, St. Petersburg. Station staff. — J. G. Klinge, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1877. RUSSIA. 201 Lines of work. — The testing of seeds, and the determination of plant species, fungus diseases, and other diseases of cultivated plants. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, St. Petersburg. Station staff. — Prof. Kassovitch, Dir. Origm. — Founded in 1S9T at the Forestry Institute. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, water, fertilizers, etc. Experiment Field, Samara, Govt. Samara. Origin. — Founded in 1885 by the Samara Provincial Zemstvo. Lines of work. — The improvement of methods of field culture pre- vailing in the Government. From this field the people are supplied with improved seeds of cereals and grasses. Station for Systematic Selection of Beet Seed, Smyela, Govt. Kiev. Origm. — Founded by Count Bobrinski. Lines of work. — Experiments to increase the yield and sugar con- tent of beets. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station, Sobieszyn, near Ivangorod, Poland. St a finn staff. — A. Sempolovski, Dir. Equipment. — Chemical and botanical laboratories, meteorological station and experiment fields. Lines of work. — Chemical analysis and investigation of soils; botanical investigations; seed testing; field experiments with cereals, potatoes, and other field crops, and meteorological investigations. Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station, Sochi, Govt. Cherno- morsk, Caucasus. Station staff. — R. Garbe, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Equipment. — Laboratory; meteorological station; a farm of about 450 acres, including experimental orchards, nurseries, field plats, and an experimental tobacco plantation. Lines of work. — The cultivation and study of subtropical plants, the acclimatization of fruit trees, the raising and selling of seeds and nursery stock adapted to the region. The object of the tobacco plan- tation is to ascertain the variety of tobacco best adapted to the region and to develop a rational method of cultivating tobacco. The station ajso gives instruction in tobacco culture, and prepares practical men for that industry. 202 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Horticultural and Agricultural Experiment Station, Sukhum, Govt. Kutais, Caucasus. Station staff. — Chancellor Tatarinov, Dir. Origin, — Founded in 1894 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Equipment. — Experimental garden with nurseries, vineyard, and experiment plats; meteorological station. An agricultural-chemical laboratory will be built in the near future. Lines of work. — Cultivation and investigation of numerous sub- tropical plants, such as tea, camphor tree, olives, European and Japanese fruit trees, indigo, cotton, bamboo, etc.; the raising and selling of seeds adapted to the region, and the acclimatization of useful plants. » Experiment Field, Tambov, Govt. Tambov. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the district zemstvo. Lines of work. — Testing and demonstrating improved methods of culture, and the production of improved seed. Agricultural Experiment Station, Tashkent, Govt. Turkestan. Station staff. — Prof. N. M. Garnitsch-Garnitski, Dir. Origin, — Founded in 1898 by the State. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, experi- ment field, and vineyard. Lines of ivork. — Investigation of the best methods for cultivating cotton and other fiber plants, and of the best means for utilizing irri- gation water; experiments intended to improve methods of grape cul- ture and fruit raising in the region; and cultural experiments with "dry valley rice," which the station is attempting to introduce. Agricultural Botanical Experiment Field, Govt. Tavastebus, Finland. Origin. — Founded in 1889 on the Gerrenes estate. Lines of work. — Study of wild herbaceous and leguminous plants for use in meadows. Experiment Field of tbe Terek Society of Agriculture and Agricultural Industries, Govt. Terek, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1896 on land belonging to a member of the society for experiments in the culture of fodder grasses. Silk Culture Station, Tiflis, Govt. Tiflis, Caucasus. Origin. — Founded in 1887 by the Ministry of Imperial Domains. Equipment. — Laboratory containing chemical and biological divi- sions and silk-spinning mill, auditorium, shops, rearing house for RUSSIA. 203 worms, greenhouses, museum, library, mulberry plantation, and apiary. Lines of work. — Original investigations in the biology of the silk- worm and experimental verification of similar investigations conducted by others, especial attention being given to the resistance of the worms to disease and to the improvement of silk and the eggs of silkworms; practical and theoretical instruction in sericulture: systematic investi- gations concerning the food of silkworms. The practical work of the station includes the production of health}' eggs, the testing of eggs sent to the station, the promotion of rational methods of caring for the eggs, and the distribution of healthy eggs among rearers of silk- worms. The station is also engaged in developing and improving apiculture in the region. Reports of the station's work are published. Seed Testing Station at the Storehouse of the Tver Section of the Imperial Moscow Agricultural Society, Tver, Govt. Tver. Station staff. — M. Devel, Dir. Lines of work. — Seed testing. Okum Experiment Field, Urzhum, Govt. Vyatka. Origin, — Founded by the Vyatka Provincial Zemstvo. Income. — $3,090 (provincial zemstvo. 62,317.50; Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, S772.50). Lines of work. — Experiments with cereals, fertilizer experiments, and experiments in technical methods of cultivation. Agricultural Experiment and Seed Control Station, Valuiki, Govt. Samara. Station staff. — V. S. Bogden. Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Equipment. — Agricultural laboratory, meteorological station, and farm of about 1,000 acres. Lines of work. — Situated in a region of alkali land- with a dry climate, the station is occupied with investigations and experiments relating to the accumulation, the conservation, and the rational utiliza- tion of atmospheric moisture, with the special purpose of improving and reclaiming alkali soils. Irrigation experiments, cultural experi- ments with different varieties to ascertain tho^e best adapted to the region, and experiments in the cultivation of certain wild grasses are conducted, also seed testing and the botanical analysis of hay. Experiment Field of the Varnavin Zemstvo, Varnavin, Govt. Kostroma. Lines of work. — Various methods of soil cultivation and fertilizer experiments. 204 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Peasant Experiment Farm, Velikoe Selo, Govt. Yaroslav. Staff. — Yagodin-Kuvshinov, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1894 by Yagodin-Kuvshinov with financial aid from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Improvement of agricultural methods by practical demonstration of the use of new implements, the application of ferti- lizers, the value of growing seed, etc. Experiment Field, Verkhosunya, Govt. Vyatka. Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Vyatka Provincial Zemstvo. Income. — $3,090 (provincial zemstvo, $2,317.50; Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains, $772.50). Lines of work. — Fertilizer experiments, especially with phosphates and bone ash; cultural experiments, and the sale of improved seeds and agricultural implements. Experiment Farm, Vuisokoe Selo, Govt. Yaroslav. Staff. — N. P. Saban}^eev, Dir. Origin. — Founded by N. P. Sabanyeev in 1894, with financial aid from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Demonstration of improved methods in agriculture, and experiments with fertilizers and in the cultivation of flax and garden vegetables. The application of common salt as a fertilizer for flax has given good results. Agricultural Experiment Station, Vyatka, Govt. Vyatka. Station staff. — S. N. Kossarev, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1895 by the Vyatka Provincial Zemstvo, with the cooperation of the State. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory, meteorological station, agricul- tural laboratory where seeds are tested and studies of injurious insects and plant parasites are conducted, experiment field. Income. — Maintained by the provincial zemstvo, aided by an annual grant of $1,802.50 from the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains. Lines of work. — Cultural experiments to determine varieties best suited to the locality; fertilizer experiments with phosphates, super- phosphates, and turf; the testing of agricultural machines and imple- ments, and the study of soils. The station organizes cooperative experiments on the experiment fields and farms of the zemstvo. RUSSIA. 205 Seed Testing Station of the Museum of Manufactures and Agriculture, Warsaw, Poland. Station staff. — A. Sempolovski, Dir. Origin. — Founded in 1880. Equipment. — Laboratories and ah experiment garden. Lines of work. — Seed testing, analy sis of hay, preparation of herba- riums, and cultural experiments with agricultural plants. Agricultural Chemical Laboratory and Control Station of the Esthonian Agricultural Society, Wesenberg, Govt. Esthonia. Station staff. — N. von Dehn, Dir. Lines of work. — Analysis of fertilizers and fodders and seed testing. (Enological Chemical Laboratory and Experiment Cellar of the Nikita School of Horticulture and Wine Making, Yalta, Govt. Taurida. Lines of work. — Analysis of wines, water, and soils; investigations to determine the value of various kinds of grapes; investigations in fer- menting grape must; fertilizer experiments, and investigation of the quality of olive oil from the plantations of the southern coast of Crimea. Tobacco Experiment Plantation, Yalta, Govt. Crimea. Origin. — Founded in 1897 by the Department of Agriculture and Imperial Domains at the Nikitsk Imperial Garden. Lines of work. — Experiments with Macedonian tobacco to ascertain the varieties best suited to the climatic and soil conditions of the southern coast of Crimea and to develop improved methods of culti- vation. Laboratory of the Derebchina Sugar Factory for the Selection of Beet Seed, Yampol, Govt. Podolsk. Origin. — Founded by A. A. Mas. Lines of work* — Experiments in improving the cultivation of sugar beets. Chemical Control Station of the Imperial Livonian Economic Society, Yuryev, (Dorpat), Govt. Livonia. Station staff. — K. Sponholz, Dir. Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fodders, and agricultural products. Bacteriological Station of the Veterinary Institute, Yuryev (Dorpat), Govt. Livonia. Station staff, — Prof. Kasimir von Raupath, Dir. of Inst.; Prof. Karl Hoppich, Dir. of Bad. Sta. Income* — State appropriation, >51.s54. 206 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Lines of work. — Bacteriological investigations with special reference to milk and daily products. These include investigations of milk, butter, and cheese that are abnormal in color, taste, smell, consistency, etc. ; investigations of the tubercle bacillus in milk and dairy products, and of water for use in the dairy industry; production and distribu- tion of bacteria that are useful in dairying, especially of pure cultures for cream ripening; dissemination of information by means of lectures and published articles. Station for Seed Selection of the Olshansk Beet-Sugar Factory, Zvenigorod, Govt. Kiev. Origin. — Founded by the Countess M. E. Branitski. Lines of work. — Experiments to increase the yield and sugar con- tent of beets. Experiment Fields for the Cultivation of Sugar Beets in Poland. Origin. — Founded in 1891 by the Warsaw Section of the Society for Russian Manufactures and Commerce. In 1897 variety tests and other experiments were conducted simul- taneously on 27 different estates. Experiment Forests. (1) On the Watershed between the Volga and the Don, Khryenov, Govt. Voronezh. (2) On the Watershed between the Don and the Donetz, Staro- byelsk, Govt. Kharkov. (3) On the Watershed between the Dnieper and the Donetz, Veli- koanodalsk, Govt. Ekaterinoslav. Origin. — These three experimental forests were founded in 1892 by the bureau of forestry. Equipment. — Each forest covers an area of from 12,000 to 25,000 acres. Lines of work. — Planting of forests and study of forestry methods (1) on the steppes of the watersheds, (2) on soils not suited for culti- vation, and (3) in dry and wet ravines; experiments in strengthening ravines and exposed river banks; cultivation of fruit trees and shrubs on the steppes; irrigation experiments with subterranean waters and •with snow and rain waters; utilization of herbaceous plants; establish- ment of experiment fields (6 in number) in order to study the protect- ing influence which planted forests may exercise on the agriculture of the steppes; and the establishment of norms (rational proportions) betw een the areas of forest, water, meadow, and cultivated fields. SPAIN STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. 207 SPAIN. CEnological Station, Haro. Victor C. Manso de Tuniga, Dir. Other oenological stations are maintained at Alicante. Ciudad Real, Toro, and Valencia. Experiment Station of the Agricultural High School, Madrid. Station staff. — Prof. Josef Hurtado de Mendoza, Dir.; A. Dorron- soro, Chief of Anal. Lab.; Prof. Jose Ma. Marti, Supt. of Farm. Origin. — Established about 1890. Equipment. — Chemical and physiological laboratory, meteorological observatory, vegetation cases, experimental farm and stables at Moncloa. Government experimental farms are also maintained at Barcelona, Caceres, Corunna, Jerez, Saragossa, and Valencia. Lines of work. — Investigations in chemistry and animal and plant physiology; analyses and other work of a general character demanded b} T the Government or by local authorities; analysis of soils, fertilizers, seeds, plants, and other agricultural products for the public to be used for pot experiments. Several bulletins have been issued. Experiment Station for Vegetable Pathology, Madrid. Prof. C. Ascarate, Dir. Viticultural Experiment Station, Madrid. Sericultural Station, Murcia. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. Botanic Gardens, Penang. a Staff. — Charles Curtis, Asst. Supt. of Forests; Heniff, Overseer of Waterfall Gardens; O'Keefe, Overseer of Governor's Hill Bungalow Gardens. Equipment. — Plant sheds, orchid house, extensive gardens, including the one on Governor's Hill. Income.— For 1900, $7,486.20 (Government grant, 86,898; revenue from sale of plants, etc., 1588.20). Lines of work. — Cultivation and determination of plants of botanical interest, ornamental plants, and economic plants. Forestry is receiv- ing considerable attention, especially the production of gutta-percha on the Government reserves. a 8ee Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. 208 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Botanic Gardens, Singapore.* Staff.— Henry N. Ridley. Dir. Equipment. — Plant houses, aviaries, and other buildings; library, herbarium, nursery, botanic garden, and outlying plantations. Income.— For 1900, $14,793.72 (Government grant, $9,150; balance from 1899, 82.S91.42; sale of plants, seeds, and flowers, $2,703.10; interest. $49.20). Lines of work. — Propagation, cultivation, and study of ornamental and economic flowers, plants, and trees; collection and propagation of birds, reptiles, and mammals: and the investigation of means for de- stroying insect pests. Considerable attention is given to the pro- duction of gutta-percha and rubber. Annual reports and occasional bulletins are published. SWEDEN. State Department of Agriculture, Stockholm. C. H. H. de Bennich, Sec. of Agr.; Dr. C. M. von Feilitzen, Dir. in Chief of Agr. The State Department of Agriculture comprises bureaus of geodesy, horse breeding, geological mapping, domains, and agriculture. As an administrative body it controls and helps to maintain eight chemical stations, eighteen seed-control stations, and the Agricultural Academy at Albano, with which an experiment station is connected. The depart- ment also gives partial support to several stations organized by societies, and maintains a corps of agricultural engineers and instructors to give advice to farmers in different parts of the country; likewise a force of 33 Government veterinarians, not including those in the cavalry service. Entomological Station, Albano, near Stockholm. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Prof. Sven Lampa. Dir. Origin.— hx 1880 the Government created the position of State entomologist and appointed Dr. A. E. Holmgren, entomologist. In 1887 he was succeeded by Prof. Sven Lampa, curator of the museum at Stockholm. Lines of work. — The principal duties of the State entomologist have been to disseminate information regarding the injurious insects of the country and to make investigations regarding the same so far as the resources of the station will allow. Among the more important investigations are those concerning the gypsy moth, Hessian fly. wire- worm, crane fly, and grass worms. The entomologist has published a number of valuable pamphlets on the crop pests of Sweden. a See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. SWEDEN. 209 Experiment Station of the Agricultural Academy, Albano, near Stockholm. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture* Station staff. — Dr. H. G. Soderbaum. Dir. and Chem.f Dr. Jakob Eriksson, Chief of Div. of Plant Physiol.; Gr. Land. Agr. and Ilort.; an assistant chemist. Origin. — The station was established in 1883. Equipment. — Agricultural chemical building, containing the direct- or's office, balance room, and two laboratories; laboratory for physi- ological chemical investigations; laboratory for volumetric analysis; dark room: storerooms, etc. The laboratories are well equipped throughout. There are also extensive experiment plats, some of which are provided with a protection of wire netting: a vegetation house: zinc and glass vegetation pots, the former sunk in the earth and the latter inclosed in canvas for protection and mounted on cars; a laboratory, experiment held, vegetation house, and lysimeter for the division of plant physiology, and a meteorological observatory. Income. — The annual budget of the chemical division is about £3,2o(>. Special appropriations are made for investigations in vegetable pathol- ogy and for the publication of reports on the same. Lines of work. — There are three distinct lines of investigation, namely, agricultural chemistry, plant physiology, and agricultural- horticultural held experiments. In the chemical laboratory investiga- tions are conducted with fertilizers, especially Martin slag. Thomas slag, guano, and various other commercial fertilizers: and closely con- nected with this work are the pot and tield investigations in the culti- vation of tobacco, sugar beets, cereals, etc.. with various fertilizers and on different kinds of soil. Quite extensive variety tests are also conducted, as well as experiments on moor soils. The best-known work of the division of plant physiology is that of Dr. Eriksson with wheat and other cereals, especially his work on grain rusts, which is given high rank by seientitic investigators. A few other experi- ments are conducted, notably those with dairy cows and in animal nutrition. Reports of the work done at the station are published in the Transactions of the Royal Agricultural Academy (Kongl. Landtbruks- \Akadeinieti, Handlingar och Tidskrift), which is issued bimonthly. Seed Control Station, Boras. GoVi ming board.— State Department of Agriculture. station staff. — Dr. A. W. Essen, Dir. Income.— For 1899, £338.56 (balance from ls:»s. S81.72; State, £l297.65 (balance from 1898 j $162.01; State. 81.07*2: contributions from societies. ^>7<>: fees for analyses and miscellaneous. $1,193.64). Seed control division. $450.81 (balance from 1898. Si. 06; State. S174.-20: contributions from societies. $227.80; fees for analyses. S47.79). Lines of wm^k. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc. : seed control; and bacteriological investigations. The number of samples analyzed in the chemical laboratory in 1899 was 18.330. The station publishes annual reports. Seed Control Station, Hemse. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Th. A. Satervall. Dir. This station tested a few samples of seeds in 1899, but did not receive any Government aid. SWEDEN. 211 Chemical and Seed Control Station, HernOsand. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff, — C. G. Strokirk, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1883. Income.— For 1899: Chemical division, $3,262.69 (State, $1,072; con- tributions from societies. $294.80; county, $254.60; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. £1.239.2!*; borrowed, $402). Seed control division. $364.77 (State, $120.60; county, $83.75; contributions from societies, $83.75; fees for analyses and miscellaneous, $76.67). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed control. About 1,000 samples were analyzed in the chemical labora- tory in 1899. Annual reports are published. Experiment Station of The Swedish. Moor Association, Jonkoping. Statin,, staff. — C. H. J. von Feilitzen. Dir.; one engineer and three assistants. Origin.— Established in 1886. Equipment. — Laboratory at Jonkoping; experiment fields, contain ing 200 acres, and buildings at Flahult, 8 miles south of Jonkoping. Income— For 1899, $2,818.45 (State. $1,072; contributions from societies, $321.60; county and local contributions. $536; fees for analy- ses and miscellaneous, $888.85). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed control; and held experiments in the improvement of moor lands, of which there are between 12,000,000 and 18,000,000 acres in Sweden. Seed Control Station, Jonkoping 1 . Crovt ming hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff.— Rob. Tolf, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1882. Income— For 1899, $561.73 (State. $1*7. ♦'»<»: contributions from societies. $268; fees for analyses. $106.13). Lines of loork. — Seed control— testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Chemical and Seed Control Station, Kalmar. Qovi ruing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Dr. Albert Atterberg, Dir.; O. Hulander, Asst. Chem.; G. Kanstrom, Asst. Seed Control; C. G. Stalbrand, Watch- man. Origin. — Established in ls77. 212 EXPEEIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Equipment, — Chemical and seed laboratory, and vegetation house. Income— For 1S99: Chemical division. §3,760.16 (balance from 1898, 827.56: State. 81.072: contributions from societies, $1,433.80; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. 81.226. SO). Seed control division, $799.Vo (balance from 1898, 812.03; State. $201; contributions from societies. 8131.48: fees for analyses, 8155.41). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, and technical products, such as indigo, potatoes, corn, malt, etc. : seed control. In 1900 about 2,500 samples were analyzed in the chemical laboratory. Experiments in plant nutrition are conducted partly in pots and partly in plats. The director has done considerable important work in the classification of varieties of barley, oats, and potatoes. Reports have been published since 1889. Seed Control Station, Kristianstad. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff.— Dr. L. J. Wahlstedt, Dir. Income.— -For 1899. 8369.84 (State. 8134: contributions from socie- ties, 8134: fees for analyses. 8101.84). Lines of work. — Seed control— testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Seed Control Station, Linkoping-. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff.— Q. A. Blum, Dir. Income. — For 1899, 8975.15 (balance from 1898, $259.73; State. 8201: contributions from societies, 8335: fees for analyses and miscel- laneous. 8179.4:.'). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Experiment Station for Agricultural Chemistry, Vegetable Physiology, and Seed Control, Lulea. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Dr. Paul Hellstrom. Dir. Origin. — Established in 1889. Income. — For 1899: Chemical division. 84.645.95 (balance from 1898, $186.13; State. 81.675: contributions from societies. $1,038.50; county, $502.50; fees for analyses and miscellaneous, $1,072.59; borrowed, $171.23). Seed control division. $655.41 (balance from 1898, $306.44; State, 893.80: county, 867; contributions from societies, 8160.80; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. 8:27.37). Lines of '"-<,/■/,■. — Experiments in the improvement of grasses, clovers, SWEDEN. 213 and cereals; variety tests and fertilizer experiments with wheat, oats, potatoes, and other crops: analytical work, and seed control. In 1899 the station analyzed 1,154 samples of milk and dairy products, besides 331 samples of soil>. fertilizers, feeding- stuffs, water, foods and con- diments, poisons, etc. Seed Control Station. Lund. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Dr. B. Jonsson, Dir. Equipment. — A well-lighted room in the Botanical Institute of the University. Income. — For 1899, 81,165.80 (State. 8241.20; contributions from societies. 8388.60: fees for analyses. 8536). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing- of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Seed Control Station. Molkom. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — J. A. Andersson, Dir. Income.— For 1899. 8250.82 (balance from 1898. 81.92: State. 8^0.40: contributions from societies. 8l<>7.2o: fees for analyses. 861.30). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Seed Control Station. Ope, near Estersund. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — J. F. Broman. Dir. Income.— Foy 1899. 8324.35 (State. 812< >.60; county. 8134; fees for analyses. 869.75). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Chemical and Seed Control Station. Orebro. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff.— J. Widen. Dir. Origin— Established in 1880. Income. — For 1899: Chemical division. 83,205.25 (balance from 1898, 8333.34: State. 81,072; contribution- from societies. 8737: fees for analyses and miscellaneous. 81.062.91). Seed control division. 81.584.58 (balance from 1898. 813.59: State. 8174.20: contributions from socie- ties, &469; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. 8927.79). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuff-, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc: seed control. The number of samples analyzed in the chemical laboratory in 1899 was 3,465. The station publishes annual reports. 214 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Chemical and Seed Control Station, Skara. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — F. K. S. Hammar, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1877. Income. — For 1901: Chemical division. $2,617.31 (balance from 1900, $94.02; State. $1,072; contributions from societies. $536; local con- tributions, $268; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. $647.29). Seed control division. 8287.36 (State. 893. SO; contributions from societies. 8134: fees for analyses. $59.56). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc. : seed control. In the chemical laboratory 4.924 samples were analyzed in 1899. Annual reports are published. Seed Control Station, Stockholm. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — Olaf Sternquist. Dir. Income.— -For 1899. 81.182.39 (balance from 1898. 874.65: State, 8227.80; contributions from societies. 8308.20: fees for analyses. 8571.74). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Experiment Station of the Swedish Seed Association, SvalOf. Station staff. — Dr. X. Hj. Nilsson, Dir.; four assistants; gardener; clerk: botanists: and helpers. Origin. — In 1886 Baron von Gyllenkrook and Birger Welinder organized the South Swedish Seed Association, which soon took the name of the General Swedish Seed Association, and in 1885. through a union with the Middle Swedish Seed Association, became the Swed- ish Seed Association. Equipment. — The headquarters of the association are at Svalof. on the estate of Birger Welinder. where are located the necessary station buildings and about 30 acres devoted to plats for rotation experiments. The buildings contain several laboratories provided with special appa- ratus for seed investigations, offices, dwellings, and storerooms. Besides the experiment plats in Svalof, the association owns or controls between 25 and 30 fields in various parts of the country where comparative tests are conducted. Income. — The annual budget of the association is over 88,000, of - which the State appropriates 83.4s4. Lines of work. — The oSjeets of the association are to improve the quality of established varieties and breed new varieties, to test new seeds, and to develop the export trade in seeds. The tield experiments SWEDEN. 215 are devoted largely to the testing of both old and new varieties, first at Svalof and later at other places in the Kingdom. In the laboratories the seeds are tested according to the method of the seed control sta- tions. The work of the station has been very successful: a number of new varieties have been propagated, and standard varieties of cereals and legumes have been greatly improved. Agricultural Institute, Ultuna, near Upsala. Station staff,— H. B. Juhlin Dannfelt, Dir.; Albert Westerberg, Che in. Origin. — The institute was established in 1848. Experiments were begun in 1861. Income. — The first appropriation from the Government was $804 for the purpose of conducting tie Id experiments. Afterwards annual appropriations of $1,206 were made for this work. Lines of work. — Laboratory investigations with soils, feeding stuffs, and fertilizers; field experiments with forage plants and field crops on various soils and with different fertilizers; experiments in feeding milch cows, and in the production of sheep, horses, goats, pigs, and other animals. Seed Control Station, Upsala. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — T. von Post. Dir. Income. — For 1899, 1604.82 (State. $134; contributions from societies, 1335; fees for analyses, 1135.82). Lines of work. — Seed control — testing of seeds for purity, weight, water content, dry material, germination, etc. Chemical and Seed Control Station, Vesteras. Governing board. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff \— -Dr. J. O. Bergstrand, Dir. Origin. — Established in 1877. Income . —For L899: Chemical division. $2, 5S4.59 (balance from 1898, 1193.19; State. *1.<>7l ; : contributions from societies, $634.90; fees for analyses and miscellaneous. $684.50). Seed control division, £4:M.<>:> (State. $120.60; contributions from societies. $133.72; fees for analyses, $170.31). Lines of work. — Analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, etc.; seed control. In 1899 nearly 1.7,000 samples were analyzed in the chemical laboratory. 216 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Chemical and Seed Control Station, Visby. Governing hoard. — State Department of Agriculture. Station staff. — G. Wagner, Dir. Origin. — In 1899 the Government made provision for this station and appropriated $804 for its maintenance during the year 1900. Agricultural Chemical Stations of Agricultural Societies. Ten county agricultural societies have for a number of years made arrangements with the chemical departments of certain agricultural schools to have chemical analyses made for farmers in their respective counties at a low rate, and for this purpose have set apart detinite sums of money annually. The location of these stations and the director of each are as follows: Alnarp. Dr. M. Weibull; Boras. Dr. W. Abenius; Gene, Dr. K. Arnell; Goteborg, J. E. Alen: Helsingborg, K. E. Bex- elius (receives appropriation from the State): Kristianstad, F. Johan- nesson: Molkom, J. A. Andersson: Ultima, E. Pettersson; Umea. Dr. C. N. Pahl; and Visby. L. A. Zetterling. Lines of work. — The work of these stations includes the analysis of soils, fertilizers, feeding stuffs, water, milk and dairy products, foods and condiments, poisons, and a few miscellaneous articles. SWITZERLAND. Department of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture, Bern. Dr. A. Deucher, Mini*, of Coin., Tndus.^ and Agr.; Dr. Arnold Eichmann, Chief of Div. of Com.; Dr. Franz Kaufmann. Chief of Div. of Indus.; Franz Midler. Chief of Div. of Agr. Committee of Supervision: Joseph Gisi. Pres.; Dr. E. Schulze, First V. Pres.; E. Chuard, Second V. Pres; four other members. In Switzerland the Federal agricultural schools, colleges, and experi- ment stations are established and controlled by the division of agri- culture of the Department of Commerce. Industry, and Agriculture. This division is represented in its more intimate relations with these institutions by a committee of supervision of seven members appointed by the Ministry of Commerce. Industry, and Agriculture. Directors and other officers of the agricultural colleges and stations are appointed by the Federal Council (corresponding closely to the President's Cabi- net iii the United States) upon recommendation by the chief of the division of agriculture. Reports of the investigations conducted at the different stations are published by the Department in bulletin form in both German and French. From eight to twelve of these bulletins are published in a year, and together they make up a volume, the Ger- man edition of which is called Landwirthschaftliches Jahrhuch der SchweiZ) and the French edition, Annuain Agricole de lo Suisse. SWITZERLAND. 217 Agricultural Chemical Control Station, Bern. Governing hoard. — Federal committee of supervision. Station staff.— Dr. P. Liechti, Dir.; Orla Jensen. Asst. Boot. Grig /'//.— Established about 1896. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, and experiments with .fertilizers. Bacteriological Experiment Station. Bern. Governing hoard. — Federal committee of supervision. Station staff. — Dr. E. von Freud'enreich. Dir. Origin.— Established about 1896. Lines of work. — Bacteriological Investigations with special reference to the role of bacteria in dairying and cheese making. The director is author of "Bacteriology in the dairy." a short, popular treatise for dairy schools, cheese makers, and farmers: and has made investigations on the part played by lactic-acid bacteria in the ripening of cheese, action of rennet ferment, use of artificial rennet in cheese making, bacteria of kephir. influence of electricity on bacteria, influence of temperature on the bacteria in milk and cheese and of food on the bacteria content of cow dung, the poisonous nature of culture products of animal tuberculosis, and other similar problems. Reports of the work of the station are published in Landwirthschaftliches fahrbuch der Schweiz and Annuaire AgriSole dt la Suisse. Agricultural Chemical Station, Lausanne. Governing hoard.— Federal committee of supervision. Station staff. — Dr. C. Dusserre, Dir. : an assistant chemist and helper. Origin. — Established in 1896. Equipmmt. -^Chemical laboratory. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers, concentrated feeding stuffs, and remedies for plant diseases and pests; instructions to the public regarding the purchase and use of these articles: and tield and laboratory experiments. The held work includes experi- ments with different commercial fertilizers and with spraying solutions for plant diseases and for killing weeds. These experiments are con- ducted in four or live fields in different parts of the country and in a vineyard recently established for the purpose. The laboratory work, aside from control analysis, includes analysis of hays, potatoes, beets, mushrooms, cereals, and other miscellaneous articles. Reports are published in Landwirthschaftliches Jahrbuch der Schweiz and Annuaire Agricole de la Suisse. Agricultural Experiment Station of the Agricultural Institute, Lausanne. Governing hoard. — The Grand Council of the Canton de Vaud. Station staff. — Prof. S. Bieler. Dir.; Prof. Jean Dufour. Plant 218 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Path, and Dir. of Vit. Sta.; Prof. E. Chuard, Cbem. and Dir. ofAgr. Sta.; Peliehet, Dir. of Dairy Sta. Origin. — The Viticultural Station and Chemical Laboratory were opened in 1887 and the Dairy Station in 1889. Equipment. — Chemical laboratory building containing three labora- tories, storeroom, etc. ; laboratory for plant physiology and pathology; vegetation house; experimental held; meteorological observatory: and experimental dairy. Income. — Supported in part by the Canton de Vaud and in part by the Federal Government. Lines of work. — Viticultural investigations, including experiments with American phylloxera-resistant vines and with soils, fertilizers, insecticides, and fungicides; study of diseases of the vine; chemical investigation of vines, grapes, must, wines, soils, fertilizers, waters, and agricultural products; fertilizer control; dairy investigations, including feeding experiments. Among the recent investigations of the station are experiments with residues from wine making as fertili- zers and as feeding stuffs; experiments with explosives to prevent hailstorms; investigation of carbon bisulphid, soot, and other sub- stances as remedies for phylloxera; determination of the influence of copper fungicides and salts on the growth of plants and on the quality of wine, and of the influence of wild mustard when eaten by cattle; experiments on the destruction of weeds in fields of cereals. Reports of the work are published in Chronique agricole du canton de Vaud. Seed Control Station, Lausanne. Governing hoard. — Federal committee of supervision. Stat /on staff. — G. Martinet. Dir. Origin. — Opened in 1898. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds, field tests of varieties of potatoes and cereals, cooperative experiments with pasture grasses-, experiments with legumes for green manuring, hybridization of pota- toes, and experiments with grains at different altitudes. In 1899 1,525 samples of seeds were analyzed. The station gives advice to farmers regarding the best varieties to plant. Reports are published in Landwirthschaftlickes JaJirbuch der Schweiz and Annuaire agricole de la Suisse. Dairy School, Riitti-Zollikofen. Govt ming board. — A cantonal committee of six members: C. Hofer, Pr( s.; A. Roth, St c. Station staff. — Dr. Ernst Wuthrich, Dir. and Dairy Bact.; Rudolf Streit, Form. Butter Making; Jakob Held, Oheest Making; Johan- nes Andreas, Bookkeeping, Penmanship* and Accounts; Dr. Rudolf SWITZERLAND. 219 Steinegger, Asst. Ohem. Milk Testing; Christian Hirsehi, Asst. Cheese Make?: and Salter. Origin.— Established in 1890. Equipment. — School building containing chemical, bacteriological, and other laboratories used in experimental work; experimental cheese factory and experimental dairy. Income. — Maintained jointly by the Federal ai d cantonal govern- ments at an annual expense of about $5,000. Lines of work. — Instruction in dairying; investigations for the pur- pose of protecting and controlling the local cheese and dairy business; testing of dairy apparatus, machinery, and materials; scientific experi- ments in lines connected with dairying, especially in dairy chemistry and bacteriology. Experiment Station and School for Fruit, Wine, and Garden Culture, Wadensweil. Govt rning hoard. — An intercantonal commission of twenty-one mem- bers: A. Locher {Pres.), Winterthur; J. C. Eschmann (Sec), Zurich. station staff. — Dr. H. Miiller-Thurgau, Dir. and Plant Physiol.; W. Keihofer, Chan.; M. Lobler. Gard.; H. Schellenberg, Ho?'t. and Tit.; Th. Zschokke, In Charg< of Expts. with Fruit Products; Dr. J. Hofer, Zool.; Dr. A. Osterwalder, Asst. in Lab. for Plant Physiol, and Femnentations; A. Kitt, Bookkeeper and Corresp. Clerk; helper.-, assistants, etc. Origin. — Established in 1891. Equipment. — Laboratory for plant physiology; chemical laboratory; accommodations for the divisions of ferments and pure yeast cultures, zoology, and fruit products; experimental gardens, orchards, vine- yards, fruit and wine cellars, and press rooms; forcing house, and meteorological observatory. Lines of work. — The investigations of the station include a wide range of subjects all more or less directly connected with the produc- tion and manufacture of fruits and vegetables. Among them might be mentioned experiments in the manufacture of cider, perry, and dried and preserved fruits and vegetables; investigation of root sys- tems, and of the relation of seed development to production of grapes and some other fruits; vineyard, orchard, and cellar experiments, including methods of pruning, uses of fertilizers, trellising, effect of loss of leaves by hailstorms, influence of cultivating crops between rows of vines or fruit trees, prevention of frost, combating downy mildew and other diseases of the vine, improvement of grapes, experi- ments in wine manufacture and handling; fertilizer and other experi- ments in vegetable and flower gardens and forcing house; chemical investigation of fertilizers, spraying materials, and fruit products; study of plant diseases and means for combating them; bacteriological investigation of wines, yeasts, etc.; and meteorological observations. 220 EXPERIMENT STATIONS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. Agricultural Chemical Experiment Station. Zurich. Governing hoard. — Federal committee of supervision. Station staff. — Dr. E. A. Grete. Dir./ live or six permanent assist- ants and about as many temporary assistant-. Origin.— Established in 1878. Equipment. — The station has quarters on the rirst floor and in the basement of the Federal chemical building. Here are found the direct- or's office and private laboratory, a dark room, rooms for collections and chemical apparatus, laboratory for the determination of water-soluble phosphoric acid, large general laboratory, laboratory for potash deter- minations, washrooms, offices, storerooms, etc. In 1897 a vegetation house with tracks and cars for conveying pots out and in was erected. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of fertilizers and feeding stuffs. Twice a year the station furnishes farmers a list of control firms whose wares will be analvzed free by the station. The station also analyzes soils, milk, marls, manures, sugar beets, and other miscellaneous articles, and conducts vegetation experiment-. Experiment Station for Brewing. Zurich. L. Fries. Dir. This is a private institution. Seed Control Station, Zurich. Governing hoard.— Federal committee of supervision. Stat in,, staff. — Dr. F. G. Stebler. Dir. : Eugene Thiele. First Asst.; A. Wolkart, Asst. Bot. ; other assistants and a clerk. . Origin. — Established in 1878. Equipment. — Laboratory, greenhouse for germination experiments, small experimental field for culture tests, experimental held p or litter plants at Pfaffikon, and experiment held for alpine culture on the Fiirstenalp at Graubiinden. Lines of work. — Analysis and control of seeds. During the year ended June 30, 1900, 9,231 samples were sent in for analysis and the individual investigations numbered nearly 22,000. Lists of control firms are published for the benefit of purchasers of seeds. The other work of the station includes the investigation of forage plants, culture tests, experiments for the improvement of meadows and pastures in the valleys and on the mountain sides. Annual reports are published in Landwirthschaftliches Jahrbuch der Schweis and Annuaire Agricole de la Suisse, TUNIS ZANZIBAR. 221 TUNIS. Agricultural School, Tunis. Governing hoard. — Department of Agriculture: Gustav Wolfram, Chief of the Colonization Service; Hugon, Dir. of Ayr. and Com. Staff. — E. Bertainchaud, Dir.; Rene Zagey, Asst. Agr. Equipment. — School building, botanical laboratory, museum, jams, and farm. Income. — Supported by the State. Lines of work. — Cultural and fertilizer experiments with cereals, root crops, forage crops, and fruits; variety tests, selection, and hybri- dization. Reports of the work are published in the official bulletin of the Department of Agriculture and in separate reports. Experiment Station, Tunis. a Guillochon, Dir. ZANZIBAR. Agricultural Department, Dung-a. Robert Nunez Lyne, Dir. of Agr. The department maintains two plantations — one at Dunga under the management of W. J. Robertson and one at Tundawa, Pemba, under H. Lister — and a nursery at Nepapa. The experiments consist mostly in the introduction and testing of new products, such as cocoa, kola, coffee, tea, pepper, vanilla, cloves, and rubber. Considerable atten- tion is given to methods of culture and preparing products for market in order that a profit may be realized. Victoria Gardens, Zanzibar. b W. Buzzacott, Cur. a See Colonial Garden, Nogent-sur-Marne, France, p. 99. See Royal Gardens, Kew, p. 142. INDEX OF NAMES. A Ko to IT 1 Rft T^q 1 rl a ceo rrc. v IfW Beseler. 119. Rfilfrvnr T R 141 143 XiulllUUl, X. X>., Ill, X"lt>. Bernard J. 79. Rnllnpr 3Q XJ(11 1^1. 11, Utfi Blau. A., 54. \lhprf F 191 R**i rii\ t n F 1**'} JJil 1 11 > L Cl 1 1 , I ., 1— J. Bleisch, C. 130. Alhnnnf>rnnp T P Hp Rorni T T 1 £•> -T><1 I J »I , L . . JO—. Blondel. R.. 97. Alen. J. E.. 210, 216. Ro rrA« fi A ir 1 Daiiu?, yj . V7. ill. J1-. i n. Blum. C. A.. 212. A 1 forrl T 31 AllUl'l, 0. t C»X, XJti I 1 11 . llo. Blumfeld. F. von. 39. Ali. J. S. 155. "Rii rt m ii ti ti F 100 AJtl 1 I 111 (1 1 1 1 1 . 1 \J\J . Bobierre \ Q7 Alia. sx . Bobrinski. 201. Allen. E. W. 2. Rartcr-Vi 11*1 Bcicklen. 130. Almeida, J. V. de. 184. £>>V V> 1 l^. fUU, 1_^. Bode, 121. -A 1 I 1 1 '.'1 1 . i.\JV. Bassiere. 99. Boerlajje J G 169. A. m^l i nr-L- v P fV> -A 1J1C1 1 III, , V., 1' — . ■ Batcht'lor. E. E.. 36. Rncrlt>Ti V < '>(Vl Andersson. J. A.. 213 216. Bohmerle C 45 Andouard A. 97. Ba inn ei>tcr. 131. Bolla. J. J.. 30. And<>uard P 97. Banmert, G.. 121. Rollp T 41 UI_»11C <} . , 11. Andre. G.. 95. x>e r R ~\ 1_>IM11&£11. 1\ . , \JO. A ti A rnd < 1 9\ R .A 11HI C<1>. T "J iJl-illC. 1 . 1 . . i 4. Intplm* P IW .A 1 1 1 C 1 HI I. . v., 11.. Buiitiio no Rmnii>->r Ul 1>' Ml 11 11 I . VT., t»l . Annf-l no .AJiJ/d. 111/. i3cii i . n . . id-t . r< iii ni it-i t \r uv> 1JW11 1 1 Olil I . US 1U-. irmilvi T F i\\ .AlclUlJcl, J.. l»-». X>cll 1 CUU . 11/17. Ri icirvin -i \\* 12 1 TO UU* 'I >111<1, »l . ' T . , lli^. Anlen S 145 DCUICUU] 1 .. i— O. Bor'lisra 16** A rrl i l-i vn 1 J .AlvJlltlt 11. I'll/. RpIitptk T "\t1A 1>C111CI1>. 1.. 1UO. Borg, .1 171. Rc»liri'iiv T 1*^^ 1>C 111 l_ 11^. o. t 10*1. 131 '1 11 I 1 HKC 1 , .A., 11'.. Arne 11. K.. 216. Bellucci G., 165. Bos. J. Ritzema. 174. Anns. 103. Below, von. 117. BGttcher. O.. 129. Arutz. 112. Belrupt. 39. Boulongne. 92. Ascarate, v.. 207. Benesebovvky. A.. 41. Boulter. W., 76. Aschoff, F.. 115. Bennich. C. H. H. de. 206. Bourdon. E.. 92. Astrne, 98. Bente, F.. 117. Bourgeoi-. A.. 97. Atterberg. A.. 211. Berger, 123. Bourne. A. G.. 144. 1-Vl. Aubie. G.. 172. Berghe. J. van den. 62. Bovell. J. R.. 68. 143. Aubry. L.. 130. Bergrstrand. J. 0.. 215. Bower. F. 0.. 141. 143. Auraann, C. 123. Berlese. A.. 162. Boynthon. L.. 36. Avebury, 142. Bernhont, J. M.. 169. Branch. G. F.. 69. Berseh. W.. 53. Brand. J.. 130. Backhaus. A.. 126, 127. Bertaineband. E.. 221. Brandi. 94. Baekhaus. R.. lis. Bertbanlt. 91. Brandseh. E.. 44. Bao-sler. P.. 127. Berthelot, 95. Branes. R.. 133. Baier. E.,40. Berthoud. G. F.. 38. Branitski. Countess M. E.. Bailey. F. M.. 31. 115. Bertoni, Iff. 8., 184. Braum. M., 88. Bailhache. 105. Bertrand. 105. Braun. R.. 127. Baker, R. T., 3:3. 14ft, Besana. C. 160. Breda de Haan. J. van. 17 224 Bremer. 130. Bretigniere, 91. Brick, C, 122. Briosi, G.. 162. Brioux, 85. Briscoe, J., 69, 143. Broadway, W. E.. 69, 143. Broman. J. F., 213. Brooks, G. B., 35. Brouet, G., 92. Brown, T. W., 136. Bruggen, B. M. van der, 56. Brnijning. F. F., jr., 176. Brnne, F., 133. Brnnnemann, C. 66. Brnnnmayr, H., 39. Brntel de la Riviere, J. J., 169. Bubak, F., 48. Biicheler, E., 134. Buchner, 134. Budrin, P. V., 197. Budy, 112. Bnhlert, 121. Biihring, L., 120. Bnlkeley, J. H., 33. Biilow, 119. Biiiteraann, 112. Burchard, 0., 122. Burtenshaw, W. R., G9. Busche, von, 123. Bushchinski, K. S.. 195. Bussard. 101. Buzzacott, W., 145, 221. Caluwe, P. de. 59. Cameron, J., 144, 152. Campanile, F., 162. Campbell, E., 67, 143. Campbell, J., 69, 143. Campbell, W. S., 30. Canu, E., 87. Carey, L. S., 154. 155. Carno, A. G.. 66. Carpiaux, E.. 57. Carre, 92. Carrnthers, J. B.. 78. Carrnthers, W., 146. Casal, M. V., 30. Casali, A., 165. Cassez, E., 97. Cassoriii, E.. 165. Castillo, D. del. 30. Caston, G. C, 76. Catani, G., 47. Cavalcanti, A. B. U., 65. Chabert, F., 95. Chalot, C, 99, 106. Chapins, 89. Charlton, J. R., 178. Chataignier, M., 105. Chataway, J. V., 33. Chauesin, 89. Chanzit, B., 98. Chaves, ,J. R., 30. Chipman, H. W., 77. ( 'hmielewski, Z., 40. Chodonnsky, F., 49. Chowday, D. T , 155. INDEX OB' NAMES. Chuard, E., 216, 218. | Cieslar, A.. 45. J olaes, P.. 61. I Clark, V. A.. 21. | Clarke, W.. 75. j Clifton, E., 179. Cluss, 120. | Cobb, G., 31. ! Collins, G. T., 37. ! Colomb-Pradel, E., 97. Comes, O., 162. j Concha, H.. 79. Cornu, A.. 89. j Coujard, 88. I Cousins, H. H., 69. Contte, 103. Cradwick, \V., 69. j Creelman, G. C, 75. ! Crispo, D., 57. ] Crochetelle. J., 93. Crosby, D. J., 2, 21. Cuboni, G., 163. Cucovich, J. B., 47. Cuenot, L., 97. Cugini, fi., 161. Curtis, C, 145, 207. j Czerhati. S., 147. | Da bat, 91. j Dafert, F. W., 53. Dambmann, 111. Dannfelt, H. B. J., 215. Daubree, 83. Davel, R. J. 30. Davies, H. J.. 144, 151. Day, G. E., 74. Dean, H. H., 74. Debono, F., 145, 171. Degen, A. de. 149. Degenhardt, 130. Deherain, P. P.. 91. Dehn, N. von, 205. Delacroix, 101. Delafoy, 88. I Dellattre, 84. Delaude, D., 57. Delbriick. M., 109. Demonchy, P., 169. Dempsey, W. H., 76. Dennhart. 109. Dennissenko. K. J., 187. Deranyi. I., 146. Derham, F. T., 38. Derry. R., 145. Desprez, M., jr., 88. Deucher, A., 216. Devarda, A., 41. Devel, M., 203. Deventer, M. van, 170. D'Hondt, 57. Dietrich, 117. Dietrich, T., 128. Dieudonne, P., 97. Djakonow, R. A.. 188. Doherty, M. W.. 75. Dohna, 126. Doll, 123. I Donath, 109. Dore, F. W., 173. Dorronsoro, A., 207. Dorsch, R., 115. Dotwell, J. B., 70. Doutte, 88. Dowers, A. W., 69. Draenert, F. M., 66. Drude. O., 117. Dryden, J., 74. Dnbard, 99. Dubcrnard, A., 93. Duclanx, E, 100, 101. Dufonr, 91. DufoUT, J., 217. Dugast, J., 29. Duhamel, 105. Duncan, T. Y., 178. Dunn. S. T., 142. I DunniclirY. A. A., 32. Dunstan, M. J. R.. 138. Duplessis, 100. Dupont, 91. Dupre, F., 165. Dupuy, 92. Dupuy, J., 83. Durot. 84. Dusserre, C. 217. Duthie, J. F., 145, 156. Duval, 89. * Dyakov, V.N., 199. Dybowski, J., 99. Eberhard, R., 132. Ebers, YV., 128. Eckenbrecher, von, 109. Edgar, J. S., 36, 145. Edington, A., 77. Edler. 124. Edwall, G., 66. Edwards, A., 172. Edwards, W. T. A., 172. Ehrmann, C, 51. Eichmann, A., 216. Elias, 111. Ellenberger, 117. Elliott, T. H., 136. Elot, 99. Emmerling, A.. 125. Enfiadzianetz, 194. Erb.en, T., 51. Eriksson, J., 209. Ermant. 92. Eschmann, J. C, 219. Essen, A. W., 209. Etami, 8., 168. Etienne (Paris), 101. Etienne (Saint-Etienne), 104. Eugling, W.. 39. Evans, J., 142. Evans, L. A., 37. Evans, W. H., 2. Ewald, G., 55. Fabinyi, 151. Fabre, 104. Fahrenholz. E., 132. Falke, F.. 121. INDEX OF NAMES. 225 Fallada. 0.. 54. Ghigi, F., 160. Haack. 109. Fallot. 86. Giannetti. C, 165. Haas. 115. Farsky. F.. 51. Gibb, G., 145, 179. Haas, B., 43. Fascetti. G.. 160. Giglioli, I.. 162, 165. Haass, E., 128. Fassbender, G., 125. Gilbert, 115. Hagemann. O.. 111. Fauehere, 99. 172. Gilbert, A. G.. 72. Hagen, IC, 108. Fawcett, W.. 69, 143. Gilbert. J. H.. 142. Ha ken, W. von. 199. Fechner. K., 118. Gilchrist, D. A., 137. Halenke. A., 133. Fegan. J. L.. 30. Gill, T. P., 140. Hall, A. D.. 137. Feilitzen. C. H. J. von, 211. Gillanders. F.. 179. Halla, A., 53. Feilitzen. C. M. von, 208. Gillern, H. von, 129. Hallay, M., 199. Ferguson, H. S., 144, 158. Gillhaussen, von, 109. Hallman. E. C, 75. Fernando. D. D.. 78. 144. Giovanelli, de, 39. Hals, S., 181. Fernau. A.. 54. Girard, 89. Hamerak. R.. 46. Fingerling. 123. Giroucourt, de, 103. Hammar. F. K. S., 214. Fingerling, A.. 128. Gisi, J., 216. Hanamann. J.. 45. Fischer. M., 128. Given, 103. Hanbury. R. W., 136. Fischer, W., 43. Glomstad. J., 184. Hander, 109. Fisher, S. A., 71. 72. Gluer, 126. Handow, 109. Fjord, N. J.. 26, 81. Goethe, R.. 118. Hansen, A. J.. S3. Flammarion, C, 92. Gohlert. V.. 41. Hansen, E. C, 82. Fleckinger. 102. Goldie, W., 145, 178. Hansen, F., 80. Fleischer, M.. 112. Goldiner. F.. 109. Hansen, K., 82. Fleischmann. W.. 120. Goldschmidt. F.. 109. Hansen, O., 80. Fletcher. J.. 72. Gollan, W., 145. 156. Hanusch. F. X.. 47. Foaden. G. P.. 83. Goltschke, 114. Harcourt. R.. 74, 75. Ford, C. 144. Gorman, C. H., 33. Hardy. T.. 36. Forster. O., 115. Gosch, J., 126. Harris. T. J.. 69. Frank. L., 125. GoslicrT, 109. Harris. W., 69, 143. Freist, F., 126. Gossel, F., 128. Harrison, F. C, 74. Fremantle. S. H.. 153, 154. Gottsch, H.. 132. Harrison, J. B.,.66. Frese, R., 113. Gouirand, 89. Hart, J. H.. 70, 71. 144. Fresenius, H., 135. Gourret. 90. Hartmann. 109. Freudenreich, E. von, 217. Graftiau, J., 61. Hartmann, L., 128. Freudl, E.. 53. Graham, G., 37. Haselhoff. E.. 130. Freyer. F., 53. Graham. W. R., 75. Hasenbaumer, 130. Friedrich. J.. 45. Gram, H. C. O., 80. Hasse, 109. Fries, L., 220. Gramabica, K. von, 50. Hasselman. W., 170. Friis. F.. 81. Grandeau. L., 21, 23. 83, 84, 97, 100, Haunalter. E. von, 53. Frou, 99. 102. Haura, 88. Fruwirth. C. 123. Grass, von. 109. Havclka, C, 49. Fuller. F. L.. 77. Gray, G., 178. Hayashi, Y., 165. Funolius, 114. Green, H. E., 78. Haydon, R. W., 138. Futterer, W., 128. Greenacr , B. W.. 173. Haydon. W.. 145. Gregoire, A., 57. Haymann, 109. Gagin, 190. Greif, W., 49. Hazard. J., 129. Gaillot. L.. 92. Grete, E. A.. 220. Hazewinkel. J. J.. 171. Gain, E., 97. Grevillius. A. Y., 125. Hebebrand. A.. 128. Galli, E., 162. Griessen, A. E. P.. 144. 151. Hecke, L., 55, Gammie. G. A.. 144. 156. Grimley. E. i Australia), 34, 145. Hecker, H., 111. Ganzenmuller, 134. Grimley, E. (Reunion;, 99. Hediard, 84. Garbe, R., 201. Grimm, 122. Hein, H. G.. 145. 153. Garlitski, E. F., 196. Grisdale, J. H., 72. Heinrich. R., 132. Garnitsch-Garnitski, N. M., 202. Grote, 120, 123. Heinze, 114. Garola, C. V., 88. Grotenfelt, G., 1%. Hcinzelmann, 109. Gassend, 94. Groves, A. H., 69. 143. Held. J., 218. Gayand, 104. Gruber, 126. Hellriegel. 111. Gayon, U., 86. Griming, 109. HellstrOm. P., 212. Gebhardt, K., 133. Guilfoyle, W. R., 38, 145. Hemsley. W. B.. 142. Geerkens, 124. | Guillochon, 99, 221. Henderson, J., 35. Geinitz, 132. Guillon, J. M., 89. Hendrick, J., 57. Gentilliez, 92. Guinon, 88. HenifT. 207. Georgs, 119. Gunther (Brunswick), 114. Henneberg, 109. Gerdess. C, 113. Gunther (Munrter), 130. Hcnneberg. W., 119. Gerlach. 132. Guozdenovic\ F.. 50. Henriques, V., 80. Gerlach, M.. 131. Gurney, H. P.. 137. Henry. E.. 97. Gerloczy, G., 149. Gyllenkrook von. 214. 1 Henseval, M. M., .58. 22018— No. Ill'— 02 15 226 INDEX OF NAMES. Henznld, 0.. 116. Jacques, 99. Herfeldt. E., 111. 1 Jahns, 119, 120. floir, T 1 QO Herold. C. 130. Jalowetz, E., 55. Klein 0.. 184. Herrmann. P., 130. Jamieson, T., 138. jts-ienze. >i . \ ou, oy. Herrmann. R., 130. Janowski, B. von, 44. I'lion d 107 Herstatt. W., 125. Jarrott. R., 35. yiimmor "M 117 JVlllllLLlcr, Al . , XX / . Herzberg. P., 107. Jassa, 186. ITliTTO- AT loo Kimg, JSfl.., 166. Herzfeld. A.. 110. Jenman, G. S., 66, 67, 143 T^" 1 i , w r i i T ( ' OrtA iviinge. j . yjr. . zw. Herzog. A., 133. Jensen, u. u., ou. iviou \ on, njy. Hesse. 128. Jensen, O., 217. Knoetsch, 131. Heyl, J. W., 169. Joffeni, 101. L'nhiic T Ti 1 "1 Hilborn. W. W., 76. Johannesson, F., 216. T " .". , . 1 - / ' An 1VOCK, Kj. t 40. Hildebrand. A. H., 158. Johannsen, W., 82. T "" / ./ \T> 1 T on ivoenier. uu. Hiltner, 110. Jonnson. \> . H., lob, 144. ivonier, i w. HirSCll, J. 1*.. IoU. Joliret, 86. Kohler, A. (Konigsberg) , 127. uirsciii, c, *.iy. Jolly, 90. Komer. A. (Moe kern), 129. xiiiicner, lzo. Jones, H., 76. Konier. 132. xioier, l., *»io. T ArIQQ T AQ ]AQ j ones, j., oy, i<±o. Kohlmann, 130. ttr\(ar T 01 Q xioier, j . , s ty. 1 i"i n Ct' ATI TJ Ol Q JOI1SSOI1, X5.. ZLo, Kohlrausch. 0.. 54. TT ^^T.s . n TT 1 ( iQ xiorinian, iuy. Jordan, A. J. , 70. ivonnsen, iou. xionmeiMer, i^., oz. Josni, K. »., 154. ivoiiar, a. j .. 44. xlUlIIllcl^lcI , >> .. 1-4. Jourdan, 90. Komers, K., 53. XT^fL-or 1 fiQ Juncker. M., 125. Konig, 109. Hogg. S.. 32. Jungner, 131. Konig. J.,130. Hoje^kv J. 53. TlTT-i'trr C XT 7ft j uruz, \y. r ., to. Koningsberger, J. C, 170. Holland. J. H. 145. T, 1£ .+ Af 1 OQ J list. D9L, l*.y. Koorders,S. H.,170. Holleufer. 110. Korbacker, 115. Hollrung, M., 121. Kableehkoff, A., 71. Kornauth, K.,55. Holmgren. A. E., 208. Kadel, 115. Kornev, 189. Holtze, M., 36. 146. Holtze. N., 36, 145. Kagami. Y.. 169. Kalb, G., 120. Kossarev,S.N.,204. KosutAny, T., 148. Homeyer, von, 117. Kallay. 0.. 150. Kotelnikov, N. G., 192. Hoppe, E., 53. Hoppich. K., 205. Horn, 108. Kambersky. 0., 52. Kamerling. Z., 170. Kanitkar, P. G., 144, 153. Koufimsky. L.,45. Kownatzki. 109. Kozeschnik. F., 41. Horny. C. 42. Hoshisaki, S., 168. Hotter. E., 42. Houston. D., 139. Kanstrom, G., 211. IVUIflUcLU* , *^.., xyo. Karpinski, A., 40. ft) rt7r>\- 1QA ivciiizo\ , iyu. Kramer, E., 43. Kramers, J.G., 170. Krandauer, 134. Kriinker,114. Houzeau. A.. 103. Kassovitch, 201. Kraus, 134. Hudson. G. S.. 70. Katz, 130. Kaufmann. F., 216. Kraus, C.,130. Huggard. R. L., 76. Hugon, 221. Hugues, 98. Krauss, B., 130. Kavli, A., 181. JVIcllloZ., *.0±. Hulander. 0.. 211. Kayser, 101. ivraui, xi., x*.o. Hunt, R.. 66, 143. Kayser, E., 99. f- ; cc 1 0A 107 xvreiss, i*»o, lzi. Huppenthal, K., 40. Kees.W., 156. Krenz, ioi. Husen, K. A.. 180. Keil, 109. Kreps. V.. 43. Huss, O., 55. k.einoter, >> ., ziy. Kretchmer, F., 111. Hutcheson, D., 77. Keiiner, u., I2y. Kreusier, r ., ixz. Hutchins, D. E.. 77. Kennecij , \> . A. (lnuia) , 144, l&z. ivnciiauiT, r . n,. xi. >> ., oo. TT,. * U T 111 Hutn, J ., ill. Kennedy. W. A. ( Mauritius 1 .145. Krishnaiya, H. V., 152. tt:; * i . : , i r\c\ Hutnig, luy. 172. "LT T.r-,TTT TTT T TT ITO "P 197 rvrommiiiKe. r ., 1*1/ . XT.,*.*. TT T *" i ^-x — C HUtt, H. L., ii, 10, iO. T.-£iT.r.L-Vi/-\fiP P 1 on rv.ercK.nori, k,., iou. Krueger, 118. Kern, J ., l2o. Krug, u., 100. Iggena, 127. Kerpeij , K. , 149, 15U. Kriiger, 120. Igler, 123. Kharitonenko. P. I., 187. Kriiger (Berlin), 110. Immendorff, H., 112. Khomikow, 185. Kriiger (Halle), 120. Issouribehere, P. J., 30. Kiessling, 134. ivniger, r ., 16Z. Ito, I., 168. Kinch, E., 139. Krumoiegei. (j. a.., 144, 10*;. Iyer. A. K. Y. X.. 152. Kirchner, 0., 123. Kudashev 198. Kircnner, w ., izo. Kiihn, 127. Jablonovsky, J., 148. Kirsten, A.. 132. T 7- ' ', 1^ „ T IOI Kunn. J.. 121. Jackson, H. V., 32. Kitski, 189. TT , , 1 „ T QO xvuie, iou. Jackson, J. R., 143. Kitt, A., 219. Kulisch. P., 114. Jackson, W., 67. Klappert. 130. Kundrat. F., 47. Jacky, E., 132. Klassert, 127. Kiinnemann, 124. Jacobi, 110. Klaucke, 130. Kuntze, L., 121. INDEX OF NAMES. 227 Kuroda T., 168. Locher, A., 219. McAlpine. 141. Kuroki. W.. 168. Locbhead. \V., 74,75. MeBean, J., l4o, 1/8. Kutzleb, V., 113, 132. Locusteanu. A. .T..185. MeCallum, A., 75. Kyas, 0., 40. Loesewitz, von. 117. McClellan, J. B., 139. Lofgren, A.. 66. McClounie, J., 143. Laborde. 86. Loges. G., 131. Met. ue, J . J ., oi. Lacassagne. 105. Loisel. 92. MeDermott. P. J., 33. Lacaze-Duthiers. de, 85. Lomberg, E.. 210. McDonald, F., 32. Laer, van, 130. Lomonosov, P. M., 193. McFadyean, J. M., 139. Lafontaine. 98. Loos, 108. McKeown, G. M.. 32. Lagatu, H., 96. Lorey, T. von. 134. MeLaenlan, D. (_., 30. Lagrange, G., 92. Lonnsbnrg. C. P.. 77. Xf-T ,1 K 1 -» »i T AT O** .McLacnlan. J. M., 3b. Laidet, A., 97. Louise, 87. McLean. P., 33. Lambert, 96. Lowrie. W., 178. -McMillan, H., 144. Lanipa, S., 208. Lue, 99. Mcissner, G., 115. LailClt I , 1 . , 1-t-i, IdZ. T ii/iiaIi T 1 =,1 L/UClCxL, J ., lol. Mci^sncr, R., 11$. T •> i-i o- lln l^tiii^r. no. Luehmann. J. G., 38,145. Mendel, von, 121. Lang, A., 130. Luff. 134. Mendoza, J. H. de, 207. Lang, x>. -u . i\.. iang. i^. xl.. r ., ioy. Lunt. W., 70, 144. Menozzi, A., 160. Lange. 109. Lyne. R. X.. 221. -ueiuzei, ri., 1.1. Langerlof. D., 187. Lyttkens. E.. 210. Mereier, 60. Langie. C. von. 44. Metzgcr. 115. Langworthy, C. F.,2. Mace, E., 97. meyer, vt. ri. 1., m, id-. Lapchin. 95. Mach, F., 128. oiv \er, jn.«, ioi. L,ars>en, x>. K., lou. MEC&, Llo. Meyer W. 108. Lauderwald, 126. ^r,,,].,,.. \ NQ MiiCkaj , A., t3. Mevssel 98. Lavoine, L., 92. MacMahon, P., 34,145. ^^^f > h!l li iwslri T 1'>"^ i v i/ciiv »> .^i^i . j., i^o. Lan es, J. B., 142. SiacMUian, h. f., w. -•llVUViVl, i. . O.y lol. Lawson. H. W., 2. Maeoun. J., 77. Michon 86. Lebedew, 186. Maeoun. W. T., 72. \\\ lr n 1 * lW'tk' 1-1*1^1111 irwl.' i 1(1 Lechartier, G., 103. MacOwan, R., 77,78,144. Mill/Mi W 70 Leelezio, H., 172. Maddox. F., 37. Mil linn F QJ -il 11 lilt 11, r- . , y4. Ledien, 117. Magalhiies, A., 185. Lees. D. H., 157. Magnus, 127. .ii i nine, r . , io—. Lefcbvre, M., 92. Mahaluxniivala. C. IX, 144.152. .11 1 U|g 1V)1 1 , H., 10-. Le Feuvre, R. F., 79. Mahon, J.. 34. -illKiieil, VT. , 14D, I/O. Lefort, 84. .Maiden. J. H., 83, 14o. Mircliiill T (I 7H -illlvlltll, J. VT., / O. Lehman, A., 152. Malm, O., 180,182. vyr liimm tt* i cc .ilUMlwl. loo. T olimiitiTi TT* lift i^enniann, r., iiy. Maltzan. von, 132. -'lot , r . -> ., ioi. Leibner, 115. Maneheron, 98. _in>lir, r. . V- . J., 1 /U. Leizour, H., 93. Manoucheff, B., 71. Molinari, de, 60. Lejeunne, R., 172. Manso de Tuniga. V. C, 207. Molineux, A., 36. Leniarie, 99. Manual, R. L., 184. Moiier, ioi. Lemeke. A., 127. Marchal, P.. 100. \f .'^1 1 TT , 1 1 ♦ IT O.l MOiier-rtOISC, h.., oZ. Lemee. C, 30. Marienhagen, 109. JMlOlllSOn., J. W ., loo, lot. Leinmermann, L., 124. Maries, C. 144, 153. -iiouaco, c, ioj. Leonarai, vt.. io2, lbo. Marti, J. M.. 207. Montanari, M., 162. Martin, 98. 11,..,,.., T," W 111 1,1'i jnuorc, r. ii ., hi, I4cs. .Leieiiier, y^. Martin. ('.. 94. -Moore, j. u., /U, 144. JUlUUbU, L>., -ii . Martin, D., 38. /AUacJ&UUj 11 . 11., lOo, 104. .Licnroin. u., loo. Martinet, G., 218. Morgcn, A., 123. Liebermann, L., 149. Martret, 99. Moritz, 110. .Liecntl, r.. 21/. Marzuriez, 92. Morris, D., 67, 68, 69, 143. 1.1 illt. \j, \J., 1/8. Mas, A. A.. 205. Morschock, 126. L.inarci, iuo. Maskopf, C, 109. 1 i twt / 3 OfiG Mason, T. H., 75. Mosschatos, 113. Lindemann, O., 126. Mason, \V. G., 78. Mozziconnaci, 84. Lindley-Cowen, L., 38. Masse ron, 93. AT,", lil. IT KM M Utile, K., lol. Lindner, 109. Massink, A., 169. .Muir-.MacKen/.ie, J . \> . 1 ., too. Liinnart, ur., 14/, 149. Masson; C, 59. -ilukerji, > . (j., 10/. Linnev A. 144. M'Kluinur'1 /i 1 MiillpT ( Ti'i rriKtii A t \ llfi . 1 1 ' . . ' . [1/aiUlOUIUI llu. Lipczynski, 119. Mathieu, 85. Miiller (Speier), 133. Lister, H.. 221. Matthes, 109. Miiller, F. (Germany), 118. Loban, 57. Maung, Se, 158. Miiller, F. (Switzerland^. 216. Lobler, Iff., 219. Mayer, A., 176. Miiller, H. C, 120. Loehen, T., 180. Mayer, C, 77. Miiller-Thurgau. H.. 219. 228 INDEX OF NAMES. Muller, von, 132. Parmans, L., 57. Quasig, R., 113. Munich, F., 127. Parow, 109. Quodling, H. O, 35. Murray, A. J., 36. Parry, T., 137. Qvam, O. H., 181. Musson, C. T., 31. Pasqualini, A., 160. Muth, F., 108. Passerini, N., 164, 165. Ramsey, A. A., 35. Mvasnikov, 199. Passon, 131. Rao, B. V., 152. Paterno, E., 163. Raulin, 94. Nagel, 109. Paturel, 89. Raupath, K. von, 205. Nallino, G., 164. Pauts, C, 199. Ravaz, L., 95. Nanninga, A. \Y., 169. Pax, F., 113. Raynor, T. G., 75. Nanticr, A., 85. Peacock, R. \Y., 33. Recke, 115. Naoi I., 168. Peart. A. YV., 76. Recoura, 89. Nash F. 172. Pegoua, 126. Reed, J. H., 74. Naumann, C, 125. Pelichet, 218. Reese, C., 126. Nebovidskv F. 42. Pelletier, 92. Reich (Berlin), 109. Neeb A. A. 177. Penhallow, D. P., 76,144. Reich (Meyken), 127. Nefedof, G., 197. Pereira, A., 184. Reichert, K., 118. Netik, A., 51. Pereira, A. C., 184. Reid, J., 183. Neubauer, H., 113. Perruchot, 99. Reinmann, R., 123. Neumann (Berlin), 109. Peter, von, 118. Reisch, R., 43. Neumann (Halle), 120. Petermann, A., 57. Reitmair, O., 53. Neuweiler G., 115. Peters (Berlin), 110. Remer, YV., 113. Newton \Y. 172. Peters (Darmstadt), 115. Remington, J. S., 141. Nicholson, F. A., 156. Peters, \Y., 121. Remington, T. M., 141. Nicholson, G., 143. Petersen, P., 131. Remy, 109. Nickerl, J., 48. Petit, A., 106. Remy, L., 57. Nielsen, N. P., 82. Pettersson, E., 216. Renault, 102. Nikitine, T., 185. Pettit, M., 76. Rentzig, 130. Nilssen, M. F., 180. Pfeiffer, T., 113. Rettich, 132. Nilsson N. H., 214. Pfohl, R., 46. Reynolds, J. B., 74, 75. Niacins T 19fi Philippe, 83. Rheden, von, 123. i> 1 1 u , r . , lot. Pickering, S., 146. Riche, 94. Piegard, 100. Richter, L., 133. Nnhhp F 133 134 Pielak, L., 39. Ridley, H. N., 145, 208. Nock, W., 78, 144. Pieres, R., 30. Ridley, M., 145, 154. Noel, P., 104. Pierre, T., 87. Riechen, F., 132. Nollet, 99. Pitsch, M., 132. Riecke, R., 124. Nolting, 132. Pizzigati, 160. Riehmelt, P., 185. Noncamp, F., 128. Plazon, de, 83. Rijn, J. J. L. van, 175. Nowoczek, A., 42. Plehn, 126. Ringelmann, M., 102. Nydrle, A., 49. Plenske, 112. Ripper, M., 53. Nyredy, J., 151. Plunkett, H., 140. Ritchie, J. D., 178. Nyssens, P., 59. Ponnelle, 86. Ritthausen, 127. Popovici, M., 185. Ritzmann, G., 126. Oelkers, 109. Portele, C., 50. Riviere, 105. Okada, K., 169. Porto, J. C, 66. Robertson, R., 74. O'Keefe, 207. Post, T. von, 215. Robertson. YV. J., 221. Olsen, H., 182. Postma, J., 177. Robin, L., 105. Omeis, T., 135. Potel, H., 65. Robinson, G., 172. Onda, T., 168. Pototski, Countess M., 188. Rochel, E., 102. Orr, W. M., 76. Pototzki, I. A., 194. Rodewald, H., 126. Ortiz, J. A., 30. Pousselot, P., 30. Rodrigues, A. C., 65. Oser, E., 39. Powell, H., 70,144. Roeling,119. Oshannin, M. A., 197. Powys. R. A. N., 139. Roemer, H.,110. Osterwalder, A., 219. Prain, D.. 144,154,157. Roese, 127. Otto, R., 132. Preis, K., 48. Roesler. L., 43. Otzuka, Y., 169. Price, \Y. J., 75. Roger, 84. Prinsen-Geerligs, H. C., 170. Rog6yski,C.,188. Pagnoul, A., 84. Pritzkow, 109. Roman, C. 185. Pahl, C. N., 216. Prochazka, B., 48. Romburgh, P. van, 169. Paisnel. 87. Prowe, 125. Rommel, 109. Palm, E., 42. Prudhomme, 89, 172. Roos, L.,95. Palmer, \Y. J., 179. Prunet, 104. Rorig.llO. Palmeri, P., 162. Prylewski, 126. Rose, J. G., 78. Pammer, G., 53. Putnam, G. A., 75. Ross, C., 35. Papez, A. N., 41. Pye, H„ 38. Ross, G., 179. INDEX OF NAMES. 229 Ross, M.N.,75. Rostrup.O.,82. Roth, A., 218. Rothenbach,109. Rotruistrov,V.G.,197. Rounet, 88. Roux, 102. Rowsoin, H.R.,75. Roy,D.L.,152, 155. Riimker, K. von, 114. Ruppin, 126. Russell, H., 138. Ruths, 115. Ryf,30. Saare, 109. Sabanyeev,N.P.,204. Sadebeck, 122. Sakellario,D.,53. Sakovich,L.I.,199. Salfeld,A.,112. Salvastano, L.,162. Samuels, J. F. H.,169. Sands, W.N., 68, 143. Satervall,T.A.,210. Sauer, 130. Saunders, \V., 72, 73, 74. Sawano,J.,166, 167. Schaeffer, 114. Sehaller, 108. Schaller,R.,131. Scharpe,110. Schellenberg,H.,219. Schenke,V.,113. Scheusev,S.,198. Schindler, J.,50. Schleh,130. Schleussner, J.,113. Schlosser, 120. Schmid,E.,45. Schmidt, H. (Hamburg-Horn), 122. . Schmidt, H. (Leitmeritz),44. Schmitt, T., 53. Schmitz, 112. Schmoger, II., 115. Schneidewind, W., 120. Schoeuemann, C, 121. Schonfeld, 109. Schorer, 114. Sehoyen, K., 184. Schoyen, W. M., 183. Schreiner, P., 134. Schrewe, 126. Schribaux, E., 101. Schrijn, C. L., 169. Schuch, J., 43. Schulemann, 124. Schulhofer, S., 135. Schulte, J. L, 2. Schultze, H.. 114. Schulze, 109. Schulze, B., 113. Schulze. C, 128. Schulze, E., 216. Schiirmann, 112. Schuurman. F., 177. Schwackhofer, F., 54. Schwarzenberg, J. A. von, 45. Scott, D. H., 142. Seale, C. W., 71. Sears, F. C, 77. Sebelien, J., 181. Seelhorst, C. von, 119. Seers, F. W., 144. 153. Seifert, W., 43. Seissl, J., 52. Seiner, M. M., 180. Semichon, L., 98. Sempolovski, A. (Sobieszyn),201. j Sempolovski, A. (Warsaw). 205. Sergent, 87. Serrughi, U., 160. Seshita. T., 168. Sestini, F., 165. Settegast. H., 124. Severin, S., 195. Sharpe, T. A.. 73. Shatilov, I. O., 197. Shepherd, F. R., 68. Sheringham, H. C, 141. Sherrington, A. E., 76. Shinjo, S., 168. Shoobridge, L. M.. 37. Shutt, F. T.. 72. Shuttleworth, A. E., 74, 75. Siedel, J., 128. Sieglin, H., 123. Sijp, H. N. S. C. van der. 177. Silva, D. F. de, 78. Silva, S. de. 7S, 144. Simon, J., 133. Simons, A. J. J. B., 78. Sinnhold. H.. 124. Sintoni, A., 160. Sixt, E.. 65. Sjollema. B.. 175. Slaus-Kantschieder, J., 50. Smahel, J., 48. Smith, A. M., 76. Smith, C. 141. Smith, C. B., 2. Smith, G. W., 67. Smith. J., 180. Smith. J. J.. 169. Snellen, E., 177. Sode, von der, 132. Soderbaum, H. G., 209. Soelberg. T., 183. Soiptur, G., 30. Sokhotski, J. J., 194. Solberg. E., 184. Somerville, W., 138. Soula, 90. Soxhlet, F.. 929. Sparks, C. VY., 77. Spegazzini, G, 30. Spieckermann, A., 130. Spillut, S., 76. Sponholz, K., 205. St. Clair. St. C. O., 78. Stiilbrand, C. G., 211. Standen. W. M., 144, 155. Stanek, V., 48. Stang, 108. Stanton, L. W., 36. Starz, W., 123. Stauee. L.. 199. Stebler. F. G., 220. Steen, C. 182. StefTeck, 120. Steglich. B.. 117. Stein, V.. 81. Steinegger. R., 219. Stengel, W., 126. Stephen, J. H., 144, 155. Sternquist. O., 214. Steven, A., 185. Stevenson, E. B., 76. Stewart. W. 0., 75. Stieher, G.. 110. Stift, A.. 54. Stockdale. H. E.. 141. Stockel. 126. Stodle. A., 135. Stoffell. M., 54. Stohr. 50. Stoklasa, J., 48. Stoll. R.. 132. Storch. V. S.. 80, 81. Storey, T. H., 114. 158 Strebel. E. V„ 123. Strecker, 128. Streit, R., 218. Strohmer, F.. 54. Strokirk, C. G.. 211. Struve. 109. Student, M., 109. Subbiah, P. V., 153. Sula, J., 49. Summers, W. S.. 36. Sundmacher, 123. Sutton, J., 31. Svoboda, H., 43. Swaving, A. J.. 174. Symonds. W. P., 156, 157. Szyszylowicz. I. R. von, 44. Tabart. T. A.. 37. Tacke. B.. 112. Tangl, F. F.. 148. Taratinov, X. P.. 190. Tardent. H. A., 35. Targioni-Tozzetti, A., 159. Tatarinov, 202. Tanlis, 79. Taylor. A., 145, 178. Teissonnier, 99. Teitel, 188. Tervooren, H., 170. Thallmayer, V.. 147. Theodor, 115. Theoktistov. A., 200. Thiel. 109. Thiele. E., 220. Thiesing. H., 109. Thiry, L.. 97. Thiselton-Dyer, W. T.. 142. Thompson, W. J., 69, 143. 230 Thorns, G., 199. Thorn, H., 144, 152. Throssell, G., 38, 145. Tiemann, H., 135. Tikheiew, 186. Timizyazev, D., 186. Tishkevich, V. S., 193. Tito, 158, 159. Toepler, A., 199. Tolf, ft., 211. Tomanek, 0., 55. Touchard, 102. To war, J.D.,36. Trabut, L.,29. Treub,M.,169. Tromp de Haas, W. R., 169. Trubetzkoi, P. P., 198. True, A. C, 2. Trybom,F.,210. Tubeuf, von, 110. Uhl,J.,116. Ulbrecht,R.,115. Ullmann,M.,122. Ulsch,134. Upmeyer, 130. Ushimura, K.,169. Utra,G.R.P. de,65. Valder,G.,31. Valeton,T.,170. Vangengain, T. P., 188. Vahha, J.J.,40. Vankeirsbilck, J., 145, 172. Vassilliere,L.,83,91. Vauchez, 102. Veenhuizan, G., 177. Velbel,B.,198. Vermail,30. Vermorel, V.,106. Verson,E.,161. Vette,G.,133. Vezin,86. Vieth, P., 122; Vieville,V.,92. Vignon, L.,94. Vilhena,P.de,185. Ville, 104. Vincens, J., 105. Vines, S.H., 143, 146. Vitek,E.,48. Vittenet,94. Vivier, A.,95. Voelcker,J. A.,138. Vogel (Posen-Jersitz),131. Vogel (Weihenstephan),134. Vogel, von, 112. Vogelsang, 109. Vogelsang, von, 130. Vogler, 109. Voigt,A.,122. Volhard,J.,129. INDEX OF NAMES. Volinskft M.L.,198. Vollers, V.,131. Votocek,E.,48. Vries, K. L. de, 177. Vuaflart (Arras), 84. Vuaflart (Boulogne-sur-Mer),87. Waby, J. F.,67. Wade, J., 70. Wagner, A., 45. Wagner, G., 216. Wagner, P., 115. Wahl, von, 108. Wahlberg, V., 210. Wahlstedt, L. J., 212. Waldschmidt, P., 128. Waldyer, L., 130. Walland, H., 44. Wallenberg- Pachaly, von, 113. Wallnitz, C, 124. Walsingham, 142. Walton, A., 32. Ward, H. M., 139,143. Ward, R., 66. Warsage, F., 61. Waschata, K., 50. Watts, F.,70. Waugh,T., 145,178. Weber, C, 112. Weber, F., 199. Wehner, 123. Wehnert, H., 125. Weibull, M.,216. Weigmann, H., 126. Wein, E., 134. Weinzierl, T. von, 53. Weiske, H., 114. Weiss, F., 134. Weitz, O., 116. Welinder, B., 214. Wellman, 113. Wellmann, A., 184. Werder, von, 120. Werner, 131. Wesche, G., 121. Westerberg, A., 215. Westh,T.C.,80. Westman, A., 210. Westphalen, W. von, 125. Whyte, A., 143. Wiancko, A.T.,75. Wichelhaus, 132. Wichmann, H.,54. Wick, G., 129. Widen, J., 213. Wiener, A., 46. Wieninger, G., 17. Wigman, H. J., 169. Wilcox, E.V., 2. Wild, J., 30. Wildi, F., 108. Wilfarth, H., 110,111. Wilhelmy, 127. Wilke, 109. Wilke, F., 129. Will, H., 130. Williams, R. W., 198. Willis, J. C, 78, 144. Wilms, 119. Wimmer, G., 110. Windisch, 109. Windisch, R., 119. Windthausen, 130. Winkler, H., 113. Winsessen, 112. Winter, T., 137. Wissel, von, 115. Wittmack, L., 110. Wittmann, C, 42. Wodon,62. Wohltmann, 111. Wojciechowski, S., 44. Wolf, 120. Wolf, R., 50. Wolf, W, 116. Wolfbauer, J. F., 53. Wolfradt, von, 117. Wolfram, G., 221. Wolkart, A., 220. Wood, E. C, 31. Wood, J. M., 145,173. Woolverton, L., 76. Wort man n, J., 118. Wrede, 123. Wright, E. P., 141, 143. Wright, H., 78. Wright, R. P., 141. Wiilknitz, von, 115. Wuthrich, E., 218. Yagodin-Kuvshinov, 204. Yamanaka, T., 169. Yeoward, D., 144. Yermolow, A. S., 185. Young, C, 76. Yunge, A., 198. Zagey, R., 221. Zahn, 109. Zahn, O., 129. Zalka, Z., 151. Zanardelli, 158. Zande, K. H. M. van der, 175. Zavitz, C. A., 74, 75. Zecchini, M., 164. Zetterling, L. A., 216. Zielstorff, 123. Zikes, H., 55. Zimmerman, A., 170. Zimmermann, H., 132. Zingenthal, von, 120. Zirngiebel, 134. Zobl, 46. Zschokke, T.,219. O I i UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08927 8856