/ u S. R. S. Doc. 40. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, STATES RELATIONS SERVICE. A. C. TRUE, Director. COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK. ORGANIZATION AND FINANCES. Extension work is that phase of instruction which is carried on among people who are not resident students at an educational insti- tution. During the past 15 years the United States Department of Agriculture and the State agricultural colleges have been developing special methods of agricultural extension work, and this circular is written to explain briefly the organization and financing of the exten- sion work now being carried on cooperatively by the department and the colleges. COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACT. A permanent nation-wide system of agricultural extension work to be carried on by the State agricultural colleges in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture was provided for by Congress in the cooperative agricultural extension act of May 8, 1914 (see p. 34). This extension work includes practical instruction and demonstra- tions in agriculture and home economics given to persons not attend- ing or resident in colleges in the several commimities and the imparting of information through field demonstrations, publications, and other- wise, the work to be carried on in such manner as may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Agriculture and the State agricul- tural colleges. In order to provide a comprehensive basis for the cooperative agricultural extension work in the several States a general memo- randum of understanding between the department and the colleges was drawn up. This memorandum provides that each college shall organize and maintain a definite and distinct administrative division for the management and conduct of extension work in agriculture and home economics, in charge of a responsible director selected by the college and acceptable to the United States Department of Agri- 2S942°— IS 1 culture; shall administer through the extension division thus organ- ized any and all funds received for such work from appropriations made by Congress or the State legislature, by allotment from the board of trustees of the college, or from any other source; and shall cooperate with the department in all extension work in agriculture and home economics which the department is authorized by Congress to conduct in the States. ORGANIZATION OF THE EXTENSION WORK IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. The States Relations Service represents the Department of Agri- culture in the administration and general supervision of all its cooper- ative extension work in agriculture and home economics. This involves relations with the State agricultural colleges and the different bureaus of the department. Before any work requiring the expendi- ture of the cooperative agricultural extension funds is undertaken in a State the act requires that the plans for work shall have the ap- proval of the Secret ary of Agriculture. The director of extension of the college must submit detailed projects covering each line of extension work, with proposed allotment of funds for each, for approval by the department. After approval of the projects the State is certified by the department to the United States Treasurer as entitled to receive its funds. In addition to the funds provided by the cooperative agricultural extension act, Congress makes direct appropriations to the Depart- ment of Agriculture for certain extension activities, the most impor- tant of which are farmers' cooperative demonstration work (including the county-agent work, home-demonstration work, boys' and girls' club work, and farm-management demonstrations), carried on through the States Relations Service, and the several lines of exten- sion work carried on by the Bureau of Plant Industry, Bureau of Animal Industry, the Bureau of Markets, and the Office of Farm Management. The farmers' cooperative demonstration work and other extension work of the States Relations Service is administered through the Office of Extension Work in the South for the Southern States, and the Office of Extension Work in the North and West for the Northern and Western States. The Bureau of Animal Industry is conducting extension work in dairying,' animal husbandry, hog- cholera prevention, boys' pig clubs, and boys' and girls' poultry clubs. The Bureau of Markets is carrying on extension work in marketing and the organization of farmers to assist in the solution of various marketing problems. The Bureau of Plant Industry is carrying on extension work in relation to plant diseases and disease- resisting strains of plants. The Bureau of Soils, Forest Service, Bureau of Entomology, Bureau of Biological Survey, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, and the Office of Farm Management are also cooperating with the States in carrying to the people the discoveries made in connection with their investigational work. ORGANIZATION IN THE STATES. The organization established in most State agricultural colleges consists of an extension division, at the head of which is a director who is in charge of all cooperative agricultural extension work in the Sta to. Under this director there generally are men in charge of various lines of work. In some States a State leader has charge of county- agent work and boys ' and girls ' club work, the agents in charge of club work being subordinate to him; in other States there is a separate State leader for the club work. The number of officers assisting the director varies with the size of the State and the development of extension activities. In addition to the supervising agents specialists are engaged in conducting extension schools and in other ways coop- erating with the county agents in the instruction of farmers and their families. MONEY AVAILABLE UNDER THE COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ACT. The cooperative agricultural extension act provided that each State should receive $10,000 annually for cooperative extension work in agriculture and home economics, making a total of $480,000 per annum, beginning with the fiscal year 1914-15. For the fiscal year 1915-16 it provided for $600,000 additional to be distributed among the several States in the proportion that the rural population of each State bears to the total population of all the States, as determined by the last census. This amount is to be increased by $500,000 each year until the fiscal year 1922-23, when the total amount reaches $4,580,000. This additional appropriation does not become available to a State until an equal amount has been appropriated by the legislature of that State or provided by State, county, college, local, or individual contributions from within the State. The aggregate sums thus required to be provided by the States will be $4,100,000 for the fiscal year 1922-23, and annually thereafter. The table following indicates the amounts the individual States will receive from the Federal appropriation under the cooperative agricultural extension act, provided the terms of the act are com- plied with. Maximum amounts of Federal funds which each State is eligible to receive under the Smith- Lever Act for cooperative agricultural extension work. 1 Stale. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Ceorgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts . . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina.. North Dakota... Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina.. South Dakota... Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia... Wisconsin Wyoming Rural population census 1910 1,767,662 111,094 1,371,768 907,810 394, 184 114,917 105, 237 533, 539 2,070,471 255, 696 2,161,662 1,557,041 1,544,717 1,197,159 1,734,463 1,159,872 360,928 637, 154 211,049 1,4 S3, 129 1,225,414 1,589,803 1,984,518 242,633 8S1,362 68, 508 175, 473 629, 957 280, 720 1, 928, 120 1.887,813 513,820 2,101,97S 1, 337, 000 305, 705 3,034,442 17,956 1,290,568 507, 215 1,743,744 2,958,438 200,417 187,013 1,585,083 536, 460 992, 877 1,329,540 102, 744 Proportion of total rural population census 1910 Per cent. 3. 5819096 .2859112 2. 7797346 1. 8395750 . 7987699 . 2328665 . 2132510 1.0811572 4. 19557S2 . 5181394 4.3803666 3. 1551697 3. 1301965 2. 4259090 3. 5146956 2. 3503511 . 7313803 1.2911214 . 4884589 3.0053953 2. 4K31G46 3. 2215582 3. 8390291 . 4916687 1. 7859817 . 1388238 . 3555764 1.2765375 . 5688682 3.9071198 3.8254422 1. 0411988 4.2594237 2. 7092S12 . 7410603 6. 1489578 . 0363858 2.6151919 1.0278145 3. 5335025 5. 9949442 . 4061227 .3789609 3. 2119937 1.0870763 2. 0119543 2. 6941643 . 2081992 Total 49,348,883 99.9999999 Fiscal year 1914-15. $10, 000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10, 000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10,000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10,000 10.000 10, 000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10, 000 10, 000 10,000 10.000 10,000 10.000 io; ooo 10.000 Fiscal vear Fiscal year Fiscal vear 1915-16. 1916-17. 1917-18. $31,491.82 11,715.47 26,678.41 21,037.45 14,792.62 11,397.20 11,279.51 16,486.94 35,173.47 13, 108. 84 36,282.20 28,931.02 28,781.18 24,555.45 31,088.17 24,102 11 14,388.28 17,746.73 12,930.75 28,032.37 24,898.99 29,329.35 33,034.17 12, 950. 01 20, 715. 89 10, 832. 94 12, 133. 46 17,659.22 13,413.20 33, 442. 72 32,952.65 16,247.19 35, 556. 54 26, 255. 69 14, 446. 36 46, 893. 75 10,218.31 25,691.15 16, 166. 89 31,201.01 45, 969. 67 12, 436. 74 12, 273. 77 29,271.96 16, 522. 46 22,071.73 26,164.99 11,249.20 $49, 401. 67 13, 145. 03 40, 577. 08 30,235.33 18,786.47 12,561.53 12,345.76 21,892.73 56,151.36 15, 699. 54 58,184.03 44, 706. 87 44,432.16 36, 685. 00 48,661.65 35,853.87 18,045.18 24,202,34 15,373.04 43,059.35 37,314.81 45, 437. 14 52, 229. 32 15, 408. 35 29,645.80 11,527.06 13,911.34 24,041.91 16,257.54 52,978.32 52,079.86 21,453.18 56, 853. 66 39, 802. 10 i 18, 151. 66 77,638.54 10, 400. 24 38,767.11 21,305.96 48, 868. 52 75,944.39 14,467.35 14, 168. 57 45, 331. 93 21,957.84 32, 131. 50 39, 635. 81 12, 290. 20 $67,311.52 14,574.59 51,475.75 39, 433. 21 22. 780. 32 13, 725. 86 13,412.01 27, 298. 52 77, 129. 25 18, 290. 24 80,085.86 60, 482. 72 60,083.14 48, SI 4. 55 66,235.13 47, C05. 63 21, 702. 08 30,657.95 17,815.33 58. 086. 33 49, 730. 63 61,544.93 71,424.47 17, 866. 69 38, 575. 71 12,221.18 15, 689. 22 30,424.60 19,101.88 72,513.92 71,207.07 26, 659. 17 78, 150. 78 53, 348. 51 21, 856. 96 108, 383. 33 10, 582. 17 51,843.07 26, 445. 03 66,536.03 105,919.11 16, 497. 96 16,063.37 61,391.90 27,393.22 42, 191. 27 53, 106. 63 13,331.20 Fiscal vears 1918-19, 1919-20.a Add the following amounts to those of the year im- mediately preceding. 480,000 1,080,000.00 1,580,000.00 12,080,000.00 $17,909.85 1,429.56 13; 898. 67 9,197.88 3,993.85 1,164.33 1, 066. 25 5, 405. 79 20, 977. 89 2, 590. 70 21,901.83 15, 775. 85 15, C50. 98 12, 129. 55 17,573.48 11,751.76 3, 656. 90 6, 455. 61 2. 442. 29 15, 026. 98 12, 415. 82 16, 107. 79 19, 195. 15 2, 45S. 34 8,929.91 691.12 1,777.88 6,382.69 2,844.34 19, 535. 60 19,127.21 5, 205. 99 21,297.12 13,546.41 3. 705. 30 30,744.79 181.93 13,075.96 5. 139. 07 17,667.51 29, 974. 72 2,030.61 1,894.80 16,059.97 5, 435. 38 10,059.77 13, 470. 82 1,041.00 500,000.00 1 Each State must duplicate all Federal money above $10,000 per year. 5 After 1920 the allotments are to be based on the returns for rural population of the Fourteenth Census. The totals for each State contain the basic $10,000 granted each year. To obtain the amount that the State would have to duplicate in any year to receive its entire Federal quota, subtract $10,000 from the total. Example: The amount Alabama has to have to duplicate in 1916-17 is $49,401.16 minus $10,000, or $39,401.16. The States have supplied the money necessary to offset the Federal Smith-Lever funds mainly through direct appropriation. Of the $600,000 required of the States in 1915-16, approximately $460,000 was provided by direct State appropriations, $68,000 by county appropriations. $38,000 from funds under the direct control of the colleges, $22,000 from local sources, and $12,000 from miscellaneous sources. The $1,100,000 required for 1916-17 was obtained from the following sources: $904,000 from State appropriations, $84,000 from county appropriations. $64,000 from college appropriations, and $48,000 from local contributions. In 1917-18 the States have con- tributed $1,241,000, the counties 203,000, the colleges $83,000, and the local organizations $72,000. Although the amounts received from funds other than those directly appropriated by the States have increased, their relative importance has remained practically the same. The following table indicates the sources of offset in the individual States: Table II.— Source* of offset to Federal Smith-Leva- funds, 1915-16, 1916-17, and 1917-18. State. Total. State. County. College. Local. Miscella- neous. Alabama: 1915-16 $21,491.82 39.401.67 57,311.52 1 . 715. 47 3.145.03 4,574.59 16.678.41 30,577.08 44,475. 75 11,037. 45 23. 235. 33 29,433.21 4.792.62 8,786.47 12,7S0.32 1 . 397. 20 2,561.53 3, 725. 86 1,279.51 2,345.76 3,412.01 6, 486. 94 11,892.73 17,298.52 25, 173. 47 46,151.36 67, 129. 25 3,108.84 5, 699. 54 8, 290. 24 26,282.20 48,184.03 70,085.86 18,931.02 34, 706. 87 50,482.72 18,781.18 34,432.16 50,083.14 $5,000.00 29,325.00 46,909.85 1.715.47 3', 145. 03 4,574.59 16,678.41 27.177.08 31,975.75 11,037.45 20,235.33 815,000.00 10,076.67 10,401.67 81,491.82 1916-17 1917-18... Arizona: 1915-16 1916-17 .. 1917-18... Arkai:- 1915-16 1916-17... 3 . 400. 00 1917-18 12, 500. 00 California: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 $29, 433. 21 Colorado: 1915-16 4,792.62 ^.786.47 12, 780. 32 1,397.20 2,561.53 1916-17 1917-1^ Connecticut: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 3,725. S6 Delaware: 1915-16 1.279.51 2; 345. 76 3,412.01 6,486.94 11.892.73 17, 29S. 52 25, 173. 47 46,151.36 67, 129. 25 3, 108. 84 5,699.54 8,290.24 1916-17 1917-18 :::::::::::: Florida: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Georgia: 1915-16 1916-17 . 1917-18 Idaho: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Illinois: 1915-16 5,400.00 20,882.20 48, 184. 03 70,085.86 1916-17 1917-18 Indiana: 1915-16 18,931.02 34, 706. 87 50,482.72 18,781.18 34,432.16 50,083.14 1916-17 1917-18 Iowa: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Table II. — Sources c / of set to Ftdcrcd Smith-Lever 191 7-18— Continued. fundi, 1915-16, 1916-17, State. Total. State. County. CoU T oral Local. neo Kansas 1915-16 556. 45 26.685.00 38.^ 21,088.17 38,661.65 56,235.13 14.102.11 25,8 37, 605. 63 4.T- 8,045.18 li;.702.08 7. 746. 73 14,202.34 20,657.95 2.930.75 5,373.04 -15.33 in. 032. 37 33.059.35 '86.33 14.^98.99 27. 314. 81 39, 730. 63 19.329.35 51, 544. 93 23.034.17 42.229.32 61,424.47 2.950.01 5,408.35 V- 10, 715. 89 19,6 28,57 832. 94 1,527 2, 221. IS 2, 133. 46 3,911.34 5,689.22 7,659.22 14,041.91 20,424.60 3,413.20 6,257.54 9,101.88 23,442.72 42,978.32 62, 513. 92 22,952.65 42,079.86 61,207.07 6,247.19 11,453. 1^ 16,659.17 25. 5.56. 54 46, 853. 66 68, 150. 78 814." 38,814. :. j 12,000.00 19,000.00 21,235.13 14.094.00 2). 000. 00 25,000.00 4,38 8,04£ 11,702.08 1 . 800. 00 14,202.34 20, 657. 95 2.930.75 5,373.04 7, 815. 33 1916 17 l c il7-l* Kentucky: 10i.5_i6 . 88.17 5,0. 20, 1 1916-17 $14. , 15, 000. 00 1917-18 . Louisiana: 1915-16 1916-17 $53.87 12, 605. 63 1917-18 Maine: 1915-16 ' 1916-17 1917-18 .. Mar viand: 1915-16 3,000.00 2,946.73 1916-17 ;;; ■; 1917-18 Massachusetts: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-ls. . Michigan: 1 915-16 1 .'2.37 29 59 38,081 1916-17 3,4 10,000.00 1917-18 Minnesota: 191.5-16 14,898:99 27:314.81 39, 730. 63 5,000.00 15.053.33 17,900.00 23,034.17 42. 229. 32 33; 964. 47 2,950.01 5,4 7. - 10,715.89 19, 28, 575. 71 832.94 1.527.06 2,221.18 2.133.46 3,900.00 5,639.22 7, 659. 22 14,041.91 20, 424. 60 3,400.00 6.257.54 9, 101. 88 23,442.72 23, 600. 00 62, 513. 92 11,476 65 1916-17 1917-18... :::::: :::::::::::: -ippi: 1915-16 14.329.35 20,38 33,644.93 1916-17 . 1917-18 Missouri: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 27,4 Montana: 1915-16 1916-17 .....::.::: 1917-1^ Nebraska: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Nevada: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-1X... ; : New Hampshire: 1915-16 1916-17 11.34 1917-18 New Jersey: 1915-16 1916-17 ■ 1917-18 New Mexico: 1915-16 13.20 1916-17 1917-18 New York: 1915-16 1916-17 19,378.32 1917-18 North Carolina: 1915-16 U. 476. 00 1916-17 42. ( < 61,207.07 6,236.00 11.453.18 16 659. 17 1917-18 Norrh Dakota: 1915-16 11.19 1916-17 1917-18 Ohio: 1915-16 25.556.54 46, 853. 66 68, 150. 78 : 1916-17 1917-18 I ' Table II. Sources of offset to Federal Smith-Lever fimds, m5-16, 1916-17, and 1917-18— Continued. State. Total. State. County. College. Local. Miscella- neous. Oklahoma: 1915-lli $16, 255. 69 29,802.10 as. si 4 . 146. 36 8, 151. 66 11,856.96 36.893.75 638.54 •K 383. 33 218.31 »0. 24 582.17 15,691.15 28,767.11 41.843.07 6.166.89 11.305.96 16.445.03 21 . 201. 01 56,536.03 35.969.67 65.944.39 95,919.11 2,436.74 4,467.35 6,497.96 2.273.77 4,168.57 6,063.37 19,271.96 35.331.93 51,391.90 6,522.46 11,957.84 17,393.22 12.071.73 22.131.50 32,191.27 16,164.99 29,635 81 43, 106. 63 1.249.20 2, 290. 20 3,331.20 600,000.00 1,100,000.00 1,600,000.00 816.255.69 29,802.10 43,348.51 1. 446. 36 8,151.66 11,8-56.96 1916 17 i°<17 lb Oregon: VI 6 1916-17 ltl7 18 Pennsylvania: 1915-16 $20,000.00 30)000.00 50,000.00 116,893.75 1916-17 37,638.54 48, 383. 33 191 7-1 S Rhode is 1915-16 218.31 400.24 191^-17 1917-18 588.17 South Carolina: 1915-16 15,691.15 28, 767. 11 41,843.07 6, 166. 89 11,305.96 16,445.03 21,201.01 38,^ 38,000.00 35,969.67 65.944.39 95,919.11 2,436.74 4,467.35 6,497.96 2,273.77 4,168.57 6,063.37 1916-17 1917-18 .. South Dakota: 1915-16 1916-17 1947-18 Tennessee: 1915-16 .... 1916 17 1917-1S 15,837.18 Texas: 1915-16 . 1916-17 1917-1^... Utah: 1915-16 1916 17 1917-18 Vermont: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 . Virginia: 1915-16 17,109.16 33, 831. 93 48,564.40 6,522.46 11,957.84 17,393.22 12,071.73 18, 131. 50 24,621.27 16, 164. 99 29, 635. 81 43, 106. 63 1.249.20 2, 290. 20 3,331.20 459,046.00 904,090.72 1,241,266.67 2, 162. 80 1,500.00 2, 827. 50 1916-17 1917-1S Washington: 1915-16 1916-17 1917-1S West Virginia: 1915-16 1916-17 4,000.00 7, 570. 00 1917-18 Wisconsin: 1915-16 1916-17 l 1917-18 Wvoming: ' 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Total: 1915-16 1916-17 68,004.71 83,614.35 202, S46. 91 38,099.27 63,910.90 83, 101. 71 22.374.02 48,384.03 72,354.71 12,470.00 1917-18 430.00 In addition to the money directly appropriated to offset Federal Smith-Lever funds and available under the provisions of the Smith- Lever Act, considerable sums of money have been contributed from various sources within the States. In 1914-15 the total expenditures for cooperative agricultural extension work amounted to over $3,600,000. Of thi3 $905,000 was derived from the farmers' cooperative demonstration funds of the United States Department of Agriculture, $105,000 from other 8 bureaus and offices of the department, $475,000 from the Federal Smith-Lever funds, $712,000 from State funds, $815,000 from county funds, $345,000 from college funds, and $245,000 from other miscel- laneous sources. In 1915-16 the amount increased to $4,900,000. Of this $914,000 was derived from the farmers' cooperative demonstration funds of the United States Department of Agriculture, $157,000 from other bureaus and offices of the department, $1,080,000 from the Federal Smith-Lever funds, $600,000 from State Smith-Lever funds, $696,000 from other State funds, $939,000 from county funds, $210,000 from college funds, and $274,000 from other miscellaneous sources. The total amount in 1916-17 was $6,100,000 derived from the following sources: $943,000 from the farmers' cooperative demon- stration funds, $120,000 from other bureaus and offices of the depart- ment, $1,580,000 from Federal Smith-Lever funds, $1,100,000 from State Smith-Lever funds. Approximately $600,000 was appropriated by the State legislatures in addition to the money put up as an offset, $1,250,000 from county funds, $140,000 from college funds, and $370,000 from other miscellaneous sources. The $7,600,000 allotted for extension work in 1917-18 was derived from the following sources: From direct appropriation for farmers' cooperative demonstration work, $1,040,000; for demonstrations by other bureaus and offices of the department, $185,000; from Federal Smith-Lever funds, $2,080,000; from State Smith-Lever funds, $1,600,000; and in addition to the funds for the State Smith-Lever offset, the States allotted $530,000, the counties $1,545,000, the col- leges $200,000; and from other miscellaneous sources $445,000 was allotted. The table following indicates the total amount available in each State and for the United States as a whole, for the four years, and the sources of funds : Table III. — Sources of cooperative agricultural extension work funds, 1914-15, 1015-16, 191',- /;. and 1017-18. State. United States Department of Agriculture. Smith-Lever. State. County. College. Other. Farmers' coopera- tive demon- stration work. Other bureaus. Federal. State. Total. Alabama: 1914-15 1915-10 1916-17 1917-18 Arizona: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Arkansas: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 California: 1914-15 191.5-16 1916-17 1917-18 Colorado: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Connecticut: 1914-15 191.5-16 1910-17 1917-18 Delaware: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Florida: 1911-15 1915-10 1916-17 1917-18 Georgia: 1914-15 1915-16 1910-17 1917-18 Idaho: 1914-15 191.5-16 1916-17 1917-18 Illinois: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 $47, 522 46.000 43,500 43,500 1,858 4 . 436 .3.2-') 7,660 41,575 40,000 38.000 38,000 6,193 8,627 10. 620 15, 122 9,884 9,450 12. 240 15^140 6.101 5.357 8.720 12, 171 2.205 1,200 900 2,500 26,348 25,000 23,000 23,000 49, .504 50,000 47,000 47,000 4,800 4,800 6,900 9,000 16,727 17,002 18, 520 $4,114 4; 620 "*9,*786' $10, 000 31,493 49.402 67, 312 10,000 11,715 13, 145 14,575 10,000 26,678 40.577 54.. 477 10,000 21.037 30. 235 39,433 10,000 14,792 18,786 22,780 9,985 11,398 12, 562 13, 726 10,000 11,279 12.346 13,412 9,925 16,491 21.893 27,299 9,927 35, 174 56, 152 77,129 10,000 13, 109 15,700 18,290 10,000 30,282 58; 184 80,086 10,000 28,931 44,707 60,483 10,000 28, 781 44,432 60,083 10,000 24,555 36,6% 48,815 $28, 592 25,000 S19.375 10, 000 30. 000 2-5,000 57 4,500 8.800 s;ooo 43,213 54,152 76,236 68,236 22,000 26,000 28,000 2S,000 8.364 15,700 22. 350 3.7,500 $825 ?2, 659 1,000 920 375 750 1,600 3,038 7,137 7,625 3,547 2,601 $113,087 $21,493 31,402 57,312 139, 606 162. 303 600 2,090 4,444 3,285 2,150 1,000 6,237 3,318 205, 504 17,279 938 2,250 1,715 3,145 4,575 968 700 27,931 36, 1 40 34,410 111,348 2,620 7,220 4,667 16,678 30.577 44,477 155, 1S3 193 015 6,670 215, 407 os 373 27, 529 14,320 1.500 1,500 1,500 11,037 20.235 29, 433 82, 521 14,320 104.911 14. 320 127 808 1,441 29. OSS 4.7.'2 8.786 12,780 4.920 1,100 4,250 4,400 1,500 5.000 6;900 9.950 19,230 1,131 750 53,905 67,663 104,040 25.226 '4,346' 550 1,300 1,400 4,400 260 1,150 1,850 10,000 3,591 12,456 14.004 23,669 5,000 1.398 2.562 3,726 6.000 8.000 30,500 44, 809 57. 197 107,422 IS. 595 1,279 2,34£ 3,412 |.__ 15, 659 17.441 19. 324 145 5,000 5,000 5.000 10,250 15,675 16.107 23; 747 32'. 978 32, 978 28.314 52,400 85,770 88,550 1,616 7,550 10,000 22,800 50,000 16,050 21,800 10,695 8.7"0 9,700 5,765 200 73,984 6,491 11, 893 17,299 85, 719 104,463 110, 826 124.871 9. 451 12,110 11,580 11,920 1,525 1,200 12,000 25, 174 46. 152 67, 129 174. 858 5,000 251^652 291, 728 9 6,005 10,800 15,000 27,523 14,600 30,000 500 850 1,350 24,446 3,109 5,700 8,290 41,417 54. 649 85,903 91,766 240 200 "23,'666' 26,400 51,414 4,498 4,000 3,500 4,126 66.150 74,700 106, 555 26,282 48.184 70,086 148,616 18,500 4,200 191,588 205, 786 Indiana: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Iowa: 1914-15 191.5-16 1916-17 1917-18 Kansas: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 13,066 15,201 15, 854 18, 507 17,217 15,800 18,440 22,950 14,047 13,089 16,000 22,076 1,614 3,6.50 3,100 3,000 6,070 4,200 3,000 4,344 64, 145 46,704 27,375 11,157 88,705 83,466 71,568 47, 204 44,935 65,500 70,993 85,500 4,000 4,160 4,700 4,400 138, 259 18,931 34.707 50,483 182, 977 200,235 233, 256 192. 141 18, 781 34,432 50,083 229,888 283, 127 114,410 303, 474 50,700 40,012 40. 150 30, 000 17,882 14.867 20,600 6,877 92,630 110, 6SG 156,980 173,783 14,555 26,685 38,815 3,600 16,200 22,500 '4,'6O0' 28942°—: 10 Table III. — Sources of co* Ueztewio rids, 151 -1-1 5, 1915-16, 1916-17, Tlnd 1917^18— Continued. United States Department of Agriculture. Smith-Lever. State. County. College. Other. State. Farmers' coopera- tive demon- stration work. Other bureaus. Federal. State. Total. Kentucky: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 §36,361 41,000 40, 000 40,000 43,946 42.000 40,000 1,360 5, .500 8,035 14.977 19,000 19,000 11. "2 14,736 20, 356 17,377 15.0S2 23,202 25,001 16.21S 13, 961 15, 450 19. 411 48,118 45,000 42,500 11,034 11,600 6.4-56 9,460 13,500 15. 588 13,640 17,908 4, tOO 1.955 20'. 125 3,600 $9,875 31,088 48,662 16,235 8,623 47,606 141389 18,015 21,702 n J7 747 30,658 10.000 12 15,373 17, 815 10. WO 49, 731 10. 000 61. 545 10.000 33', 034 . _ 10,000 12,950 17,867 20, C46 38, 576 7,493 10. 833 12,221 10.000 12. 133 i3;9n 15,689 9,987 17. 659 24,042 30, 426 56,235 "si,"68o" J31,928 12, 727 33.000 30,000 22. 583 88,358 31,560 15,000 860 $87. 533 117,833 171 623 1917-18 211 770 Louisiana: 1914-15 6.847 2, 469 400 83,958 126 157 1315-16 14 102 37.606 1916-17 141,613 160, 372 11.820 1917-18 Maine: 1914-15 1915-16 8.045 11,702 2,000 2,000 3,600 2,90-) 3,900 5.700 8,043 2.675 600 600 600 :::::::: 1.32-0 26.073 37,090 17 1917-18 Maryland: 1914-15 I, ISO 3,000 20 18. 120 30;680 4. 566 40,843 53. 927 109.693 119,133 1015-16 1916-17 7.747 14,202 20,658 L8 MasK 15 1,380 45,000 30.000 3o:ooo 56.346 41,664 18.286 - U 14,500 29,811 17. 32 26, 134 17.410 20,800 81,220 1,484 52.611 | 35.17.' 1915-36 1916-17 800 35,302 22; 000 51. 100 "3,340" 100,979 1917-18 . 191 734 Michi. La 16,846 64,562 2 181, 937 1915-16 18.032 3,424 1915-1 7 1917-1 240 3,700 1,900 3,700 3.075 8; 440 5,400 Minaesota: 1914-15 21.270 39.812 19.970 ; 32, 538 1,450 6,799 10,200 3,000 873 6.075 15,735 652 2.630 6,410 1,550 5,334 ......... 3,050 600 170.7^ 1016-17 1917- . 27.315 39, 731 "*i9,"329" 127. 721 131.310 144,072 93, 791 127. 760 Mississippi: 1914-15 191.5-10 1916-17 800 3,607 1917-18 232, 755 ri: 15 32,015 17,000 15,350 71,111 -16 23,034 114. 71S 1916-17 1917-18 152.010 Montana: "5 1.334 3,150 2,795 3,000 3,000 4,000 1,184 1,500 1,500 1,500 90 50u 4,191 19, 446 31, 325 25.000 14,534 5,354 4,424 2,308 18,000 1 - 11.900 22,933 29, 673 1915- 1916-17 1917-18 5,408 7,867 62, 622 91,703 Nebraska: 1914-15 20,090 47, 4.50 53,350 64,000 79,533 -16 1916-17 1917-18 1914-15 10, 716 19,646 4,600 10,600 15, 950 115, 856 148,495 196,367 8.677 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 2,500 4, 470 5,074 8,700 11,900 4,959 6, 775 13,071 833 1.527 2,221 3,968 3.960 6,300 303 1 500 '"'6,"229' '...'.'.'.'.. 2,000 12,013 3,000 3,645 1,000 800 20, 070 1.000 21.514 32. 941 New Hampshire: 1914-15 3,500 6,000 16, 200 28,000 18, 200 20,900 32. 976 1915-16 2, 133 3,911 5,689 33. 500 1916-17 52,222 1917-18 1,200 200 83, 348 Xev.- Jersey: 1914-15 13,951 8,266 10,958 7,575 30,096 1915-16 7.659 - 20, 426 1,000 600 600 56.700 1916-17 77, 092 1917-18 92.993 11 Table III. — Sources of cooperative agricultural extension uorl: funds, 1914-15, 1915-16, 1916-17, and 1917-18— Continued. United States Department of Agriculture. Smith-Lever. State. County. College. Other. State. Farmers' coopera- tive demon- stration work. Other bureaus. Federal. State. Total. New Mexico: 1 V* 1 4 - $6,833 7,617 10,060 13,S00 26, 5S7 20,041 84,377 31.527 40,800 41,000 40. 060 43,120 9, 449 7,101 111. 41 It 11, 150 2, lv> 7,369 13,900 17,110 41,00.3 41,000 39,000 39,000 7. 787 9,202 12,058 IS 442 12,9*1 1.500 L400 1,500 $10,000 13.413 16,258 19, 102 10,000 33.443 52'. 978 72,514 10,000 32,953 52,080 71,207 10,000 16,247 21,453 26,659 35,557 56,854 78; 151 9,462 26,256 39,S02 53,349 14,446 21,857 10,000 46'. *94 77; 639 108,383 10,000 10,218 10,400 10,582 10,000 25,691 51,843 10,000 16, 167 21,306 26,445 10,000 31,202 48, 869 66,536 9,979 45, 970 75 944 105, 919 10,000 12,437 14, 467 16, 498 $540 11.166 12,700 17,800 82,818 69,207 102,883 147,670 3S.00O 62,715 75.000 95,000 31,606 2S 746 30, 530 30, 160 S604 120 1,800 500 35" 35 $18. 4-56 1915-16 $3, 413 6.258 9,102 1916-17 800 7,000 G-41(? 5, 141 1,500 1,52-5 49, 015 62, 902 18 New York: 11)14-15 $298 57,200 69. 241 69.036 56,997 31.900 16.424 1915-16... 23,443 42. 978 62, 514 1916-17 1917-1S North Carolina: 1914-15 ""i 3 "566 11.283 15.S60 15,860 13,408 726 1. 100 297. 42s 374, 222 191-3-16 22,953 42.080 61,207 191 . 905 1916-17 225,019 1917-18.... 17,800 13, 270 20,983 21,969 20,000 38,085 74.516 75, S91 52,019 301, 742 North Dakota: 1914-15 65. 050 80,424 1915-16 6,247 li; 4.53 16,659 1916-17 95, 815 1917-1^. . .. 1,200 700 1,400 1,500 3,300 234 4,920 5,920 6,840 2.774 5,400 6,000 6,180 800 2,500 13,000 2,620 210 500 105; S23 Ohio: 1914-15 50,898 1915-16 25,557 46,854 68, 151 1, 700 146, 098 1916-17 194, 998 1917- 22,300 9,935 20.000 31'. 750 61 ; 560 15, 827 18,300 25; 822 241, 031 Oklahoma : 1914-15 .. . 18.115 15; 000 8,000 22,988 20,050 16,300 3,850 266 101, 736 -16 16,256 29,802 43,349 143, 4S2 1919-17" -18 207, 943 1 1914-15 56,087 53,236 56. 124 48,033 10,128 92. 7-11 1915-16 4,446 8. 152 11,857 104,804 1916-17 1917-18 125, S07 47,639 Pennsylvania: 1914-45 . .. 5,268 14,9S4 3,008 1915-16 36, 894 67,639 98,383 114, 253 158, 280 227, 4-^3 1916-1" 191 7-1 < 11,701 2,243 3,700 3.950 o, 401 43,635 40,^0 40,400 40,400 5,069 6,1.53 10,100 11,660 31,201 39,000 37,000 37,000 72,403 71,500 67,000 68, 784 9,678 8,657 10,330 15,013 6,401 Rhode Island: 1914-15 858 13,310 24, 416 2>, ITS 109, 5S1 134, 114 1915-16 21S 400 582 3,175 3,300 3,750 1,380 1,200 1,01S 20,290 20,050 7,958 7,24-5 610 5,225 4,045 2,345 6,001 *2i,656" 7,755 5,081 1916-17. . 2, 550 3,500 17,401 21,442 40, 492 46,868 2,098 13,610 19,260 21, 562 28,882 33,674 17,883 6,935 76.097 76; 097 88,620 102,292 2,989 1917-1* South Carolina: 1914-15 .. .. 1,000 12,254 14,440 13, 720 19, 270 1915-16 15,691 28, 767 41,843 1916-17 191 7- r- 2,613 194, 367 215,224 42, 857 South Dakota: 1914-15 20,000 18,833 18,917 13,555 1,716 1915-16 1.350 1,350 1,350 6,150 9,688 11,440 12,490 6,447 4,800 6,167 11.306 16; 445 62, 279 82, 239 91,017 1916-17 -18 Tennessee : 1914-15 .. .. 6,895 1,754 S6,597 1915-16 21,202 38, 869 56,536 134, 765 1916-17 3,S91 4,351 157, 9-31 1917-18 183, 848 Tex -: 1914-15 17,474 13, 581 195, 9S1 234,337 1915-16 35, 970 65, 944 95,919 1916-17 5,567 16,065 1,718 464 1,000 i,200 303,075 393, 995 51,553 49, 270 59', 407 84,434 1917-18 5,016 1,890 1,400 1,400 6,600 Utah: 1914-15 25,284 23,876 15,388 10, 555 1915-16 2,437 4,467 6,49S 1916-17 1917-18 3,355 12,660 "15,' 460* 12 Table III. ■Sources of cooperative agricultural extension work funds, 191 4-15, 1915-16. 1916-17, and 1917-1 S— Continued. United States Department of Agriculture. Smith-Lever. State. County. College. Other. State. Farmers' coopera- tive i Other demon- bureaus, stration l work. Federal. State. Total. Vermont: 1914-15 $10,088 13,260 13,501 15,260 38,420 39', 000 37,000 37,000 8,902 8,434 11,940 17,458 23,284 25,0C0 23,015 23,000 11,422 11,010 11,100 11,601 5,817 7,060 8,450 12,430 905,782 914,290 943,088 1,037,501 .S3, 387 4,260 $10,000 12,274 14,169 16,063 9,997 29,272 45,332 61,392 10,000 16,522 21,958 27,393 10,000 22,071 32, 132 42,191 10,000 26,164 39,635 53,107 10,000 11,249 12,290 13,331 474,935 1,080,005 1,580,000 2,080,000 $7,571 8,576 3,831 1,937 26,661 2,891 4,500 2,436 3,009 $10,800 12,0C0 15,400 14,400 25,471 28, 550 30,242 38, 758 19,034 20,600 23,570 50,968 411 25,668 27,548 31,836 10,046 16,320 19,875 26,150 3,800 5,445 9,550 14,750 815,733 939,668 1,246,288 1,544,366 $41,845 1915-16 $2,274 4,169 6,063 ""i9,"272" 35,332 51,392 $3,i66 1916-17 51*C69 1917-18 3,600 4,268 8,511 5,770 8,757 1,587 "2,iho 1,250 11,633 12,860 15,574 8,336 57,323 108,598 Virginia : 1914-15 3,781 2,800 2,700 2,780 1,603 2,270 2,640 2,640 1,155 1,260 1,359 2,570 388 1,200 1,200 2,000 1,125 1,500 1,500 1,500 105,168 157,621 121,609 182,708 1915-16 130,295 160,876 202,515 58,119 1916-17 1917-18 Washington: 1914-15 $13,9S4 10,250 5,300 13,333 1915-16 6,522 11,958 17,393 64,599 1916-17 1917-18 79,515 130,435 West Virginia: 1914-15 34,402 22,929 23,942 15,379 19,766 31,902 17,687 80,886 1915-16 12,071 22,132 32,191 121,859 1916-17 145,701 1917-18 155,503 Wisconsin: 1914-15 51,621 103,960 120,131 194,244 26,442 44,005 61,415 1915-16 10,104 29,635 43,107 i,200 1,000 700 600 1916-17 1917-18 58,279 Wyoming: 1914-15 5,000 16,901 27,335 39,306 711,516 696,405 597,105 530,564 1915-16 1,249 2,290 3,331 "600"o65" 1,100,000 1,600,000 1916-17 1917-18 2,255 247,352 273,951 372,540 443,307 86, 903 Total: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 346,750 209,682 142,524 198,644 3,607,208 4,871,620 6,103.140 7,617,098 13 The data given in the preceding table are summarized and classified according to original sources of funds in the following table: Table IV. — Funds available for cooperative agricultural extension work, classified by original sources. Source of funds. 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Federal Government: Farmers' cooperative demonstration work $905, 782 105, 168 474, 935 $914, 290 157, 621 1, 0S0, 005 $943, 088 121,609 1,580,000 $1, 037, 501 182, 708 Other bureaus Y< der-.il Smith-Lever 2, 080, 000 Total 1,485,885 2,151,916 2, 644, 697 3, 300, 209 Within the State: State-- • _.»t 459, 046 696, 405 904, 090 597, 105 1,241,266 530, 564 Other State 711,516 1,771,830 Total 711,516 1,155,451 1,501,195 County- Offset 68, 004 939, 668 83.614 1,246,288 202,846 1,544,366 Other county 815, 732 Total 815, 732 1,007,672 1,329,902 1,747,212 ( oilece— Oil'set 38, 099 209, 682 63,910 142, 524 83. 101 Other college . . 346, 750 19SJ644 Total 346, 750 247, 781 206, 434 281, 745 Other: Offset 34, 850 273, 951 48,384 372,546 72,784 247, 352 443, 307 Total 247, 352 308, 801 420, 930 516.091 Total within the States 2,121,350 3, 607, 235 2, 719, 705 4, 871, 621 3, 45S, 461 6, 103, 158 4,316.878 7, C17, 098 Grand total In 1914-15 the Smith-Lever funds comprised 13 per cent of the total funds available for cooperative agricultural extension work. In 1917-18 the percentage had increased to nearly 50. In 1917-18 the funds contributed by the counties and other local organizations comprised one-fourth of the total. If the funds contributed to the State Smith-Lever offset by the States, counties, and other authorities within the State are combined with State, county, and other funds not used as offset, they exceed one-half of the total funds for extension work. In other words, the funds contributed within the State exceed the funds contributed by the Federal Government at the present time. ALLOTMENT AND EXPENDITURE OF FUNDS, BY PROJECTS. The project now receiving the largest amount of the cooperative agricultural extension funds is the county-agent project. In 1914-15 the total amount spent on this project was approximately $1,925,000. By 1917-18 the amount had increased so that it exceeded $3,825,000, or an increase of nearly 100 per cent during the four-year period, 1914-15 to 1917-18. 14 Table V. — Total of funds from all sources for coope- State. Alabama: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18. . . Arizona: 1914-15... 1915-16 . . . 1916-17... 1917-18. . . Arkansas: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... California: 1914-15... 1915-16. . . 1916-17... 1917-18. . . Colorado: 1914-15. . . 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Connecticut: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Delaware: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Florida: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18. . . Georgia: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Idaho: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Illinois: 1914-15... 1915-10... 1910-17... 1917-18... Indiana: 1914-15.... 1915-16.... 1916-17.... 1917-18... Iowa: 1014-15... . 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Kansas: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... Kentuckv: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18... 87,533 117 ~ 171,623 211, 770, 3,427 13, 975 10,821 14, 139] 15 agricultural extension work for four years ending June. 30, 1917, by projects. 'J. - CO a - E - S i < 8 3 3 a C 3 rf 1.2 feS tttS 1 i 3 n *£ |2fc = 15 £ s 6 — M -J 3 3 C 3: ^ 3 = i < M — ** K a a s s 1 C3 IS9 3 3 ■J, 1 CO 3 Farmers' Insti- tutes. Correspondence courses. Agriculture in schools. Miscellaneous spe- cialists. $3^700 $804 2,760 4,100 6,570 $55o 1,550 1,750 2,500 1,149 469 1,070 $1,600 1,798 2,900 $500? 1.050 700 1-050 81. 800 3,400 S2, 800 1,595 3,650 $161 1.50 150 11, 085 12, 034 15 903 1,817 1,845 6.930 :::::: :::::: 2, 720 2,520 $900 7, 739 . . ::::::::::::: . ::: $2,000 2,500 1,416 2,700 3,660 3,360 3,196 3,071 4,580 7 ] in 2,0-00 6,800 1,401 m 2. 500 1,000 977 ... 600 3,100 1, 069 892 4,400 600 1, 389 133 144 154 ;; 1,400 ::::::: ::::::: on 4.50 ....:.. 3,301 1.000 2.400 2.0: )0 600 2,000 2, 025 2,000 1,500 3,066 3,750 1,500 5,00-3 : 2,200 394 3,700 3,400 131 " '.'..'. 3.SO0 4,100 I 4,250 $1,250 ..:::::::::::: 2,923 400 2, 235 3,820 15,000 19 700 ' 6, 450 6,500 6 ; 350 467 5,800 6,800 7, 950 1,371 9,075 11,201 17. 450 3.571 4,800 3,800 3,800 $523 2,340 2,300 2,500 5,000 4,300 4,980 2,134 3,650 4,170 4,230 715 $1,200 "2,i00 2,300 :::::::::::: 1,375 2,340 2,900 2,400 1,500 45,34-3 16 156 7.950 9; 000 5,725 6.700 7,: 500 9,526 10,760 12,090 5,912 1,600 18,050 2 4?4 15,000 3, 251 82 1,500 2,300 1,484 2,575 21,046 6,999 10,854 8,413 12, 170 12 137 3,340 ""250 2,720 2,700 2. 626 3,537 310 1,002 2, 175 1,561 1,453 1.728 i;sio 1.051 2,034 1,245 2,600 887 1,410 1,620 2,499 3,528 2, S31 8, 602 3,425 4.280 9,345 11.895 2,710 114 594 10,061 11,120 16 Table V. — Total of funds from, all sources for cooperative agricultural State. Louisiana: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Maine: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Maryland: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Massachusetts: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Michigan: 1914-15.... 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Minnesota: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Mississippi: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18. . . . Missouri: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17.... 1917-18 Montana: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Nebraska: 1914-15.... 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 Nevada: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 New H a m r> shire: 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17.... 1917-18 New Jersey: 1914-15.... 1915-16.... 1916-17 1917-18.... New Mexico: 1914-1.5 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18.... S83, 958 126. 157 141, 613 160,372 11,820 26, 078 37. 090 45,989 40. 843 58; 927 79, 520 109, 698 119, 183 109,390 100, 979 191, 734 64,562 85, 910 140. 962 181,937 170, 783 127, 721 131,310 144,072 93, 791 127. 760 155; 583 232, 755 71.111 114; 718 155. 158 152, 010 29,673 56,232 62, 622 91, 709 79,533 115, 856 148, 495 196, 367 8,677 17, 334 21,514 32, 941 32, 976 33, 509 52, 222 83, 348 30,096 56, 709; 77. 0921 92; 998j 18. 456] 37; 2291 49, 015 62, 902, $1, 668 6.399 6,040 12, 607 773 5,954 6,440 8,479 5, 868 5, 340 5,350 14,358 19, 160 11,670 10, 470 3,421 4,421 3,300 6,800 22, 055 10, 780 13, 840 17,541 2,064 4,216 4,841 4,200 1,167 9. 952 7; 387 7,420 4,438 9, 632 7, 122: 13,423: 8, 163 10,481; 11,482 14; 180 2,865 3, 350 2, .800 3,600 4,040 1,673 1,111 7,600 2,473 7,880 6, 520 9,314 3,739 4, 302 4,120 3,800 S518 1,450 1,220 1,450 276 400 800 800 157 1,000 2. 720 2; 500 500 1,300 1,600 1,900 486 1,500 3,100 17, 825 15, 630 12,610 4,020 96 615 2,056 4,275 556 2, S00i 4. 722 5, 839, 327; 500i 700 1,286 4, 426 3,000' 2,558 3, 431j 60 856. 476 64, 747 89,378 87, 645 8,950 11,178 18. 083 23,760 16, 175 24'. 430 42, 352 56, 440 54.255 58; 574 65,949 112, 846 40,175 53,559 78. 101 100, 987 64.915 69,228 56, 750 62,201 60. 139 66; 008 80, 926 123, 670 46, 401 58, 050 65, 650 62, 225 16,712 29.000 30; 100 50, 000 33. 053 29; 670 39, 580 42, 853 1,400 1, 000. 515 1, 533: 911! 1,298| 493: 883 1,765 1,521 911 770 1,665 2,210, 4,000 11, 256 11,042 18, 794 27,000 49, 100 £ ,3 a 1 | >> X m cq 5,057 4,950 7,600 18,171 1,844 1,050 914 6, 315 978 2,150 5,600 20,584 1,774 31,459 4,099 41,418' 4,800 42,530 12,301 7,389 21,919 27,700 37,100 1,474 2,300 2,400 4,740 £1 a! 3.333 1,294 27,9501 16^590 3,000 37; 150 22,840 3; 000 41.800 ,248 600 200 600 30,937; 3,500 I 2,934;. 4, 950| . 4, 570 . 3,267; 8,500 15,000 63 512 5, 320 7,801 2, 368 3, 775 4,980 6,240, 2,000 2,150 5,700 2,400 2,500 2,700 2,370 3,400 3,660 6,250 1,503 3,000 3,000 3, 950 1,5CK)' 3,550 4,350 6,150: 2, 2,750 2,800 3,000 3,49 2,378] 2/ 4,3001 200 2, 320 2,500j 479' 2,350 2,8001 3,040! 17 extension work for four years ending Jane JO, 1917, by projects — Continued. eg 1 I a •a < a a a 6 a o o w Botany and plant pathology. Entomology, api- culture, orni- thology. a « 5 9 II "3 a 1 5o 3 1 SO . 3 I 1 a X .-i yj' fefl r s a a £ h w a 52 & n 11 p 3 SI. 209 $590 $2,033 2, 250 2,750 4,840 5,200 $3,022 1.000 2,400 1 200 < 1 000 $1,360 1,900 2,400 2,750 1,046 1,450 ::::::: 1,698 1.600 2. 900 2, 700 4.692 2. 424 2. 7." 2 2,800 995 $2,300 $440 1,800 $700 476 1,180 1,834 2, 490 3.320 3; 424 2,112 2,997 3, 100 3,650 $1,024 '500 3, 033 3. 225 3,070 4,494 5,241 5,275 S3, 200 417 544 $225 6,587, 3, C10 500 3,460 875 2,296 3.494 ' 2,800 4, 700 SI Qfi.5 1.000 i,699 2.300 1.534 6. 450 1,075 '400 1,500 1,250 2.250: 2.2.50 5.100 6,450 $11300 10,900 1,150 1 4,111 14.335 $2,500 9,433 9 401 4,648 6, 090 13^440 2. 900 1,100 1,733 1,733 2,000 2^100 1,800 6 380 1,800 2,299 1 -20.5 1 1,213 1.733 2; 200 3,100 30 420 3, 150 2,700 1,297 1 . 833 1,850 850 "3*666 3,060 2,083 2.600 2; 600 2,350 3.716 8.390 7.960 1,300 3,000 2,000 4,000 675 3,200 1,800 2. 500 4,600 311 $3. 183 7,000 5, 800 'ii,'.350 10, 270 651 2.900 3; 500 3,370 2,350 3.400 3 650 5, 0501 1 m soo 1 " 587 3,110 e,u|.. 1 156 i 7,200 250 1 3,600 1 10.000 ! '■ 8,987 1.900 2.7-50 2,550 4,9o0 1.318 3<* 2.475 3. 925 1.900 3. 1.50 "2,366::"!] 4,175, 5,700 | 7,370 2,000 1 5.900 1.350 1.650 3.00( 3,200 3.280 2.400 2.400 3. 165 2.300 2.200 1,948 1.679 2.100 2,700 20 ° 200 2 550 1 4.507 ' 2, 00C 3.975 7.O20 j 2,50C j 2,532 2. S7C 6,220 2,968 2,558 3,011 2,095 . .. i 1 i ! 411 ! 2.920 . 1.3S0 ! : ; 4,392 2S942— 18- L8 b Y.— To State. Isctt York: 1914-: - 191-5-1*-... 191^-17 North ( 1915-lr. is -17 ... 225,019 i Nor; b : 1914-1.'... 19*5-1 19I-. 1917-n : 1914 ? 736 12, 7 ? 1 1915-16... -17... 191" Tsland: 1914-1-5... 19,' 4.416 1916-17 - 1917-iv " 100, 581 I916-J- 1917-1 .-..-. Souxr 1915-16..... 1916- 1 " 32 .... 91.017 1914- 1915-!-..... 1 1916-17... 1914-15 191.5- : t»7- Utah: 1915-16 ! 1915-26 : ; ? 100 1,300 19 ezftnsion uorh for four years ending Jane 30 % 1917, by projects — Continued. •J. i i H a '5 < >> I si 3 "3 c W 1 f-fc *3 "50 Si3 O pa "EL- 'S E 1st ill h to g p fa - 1-2 Ss i | 3 as . 1 a a fa 1 •S U 3 1 Exhibits and fairs. Partners' i ns 1 i- • © . c C gj u .5 p4S b 3 Bo .2 m Ea < 1 ■ $9,000 11.437 8.630 10, 677 $2,950 3.650 5,100 7,300 1.193 2.180 2.500 2,600 $4,400 $3,900 7.250 4,600 6.000: 5.000 S. 950, 5. 200 $2,000 2.200 3.300 3.700 ""$500 2,950 2,200 $5,336 (2, 500 1.000 650 14.750 $5,000 6.990 7.770 10,300 $3,968! 6.000 4.7-.' 2,838 fi-91 $3,450 750 i- '"'$500 650 5.400 8.860 7,580 400 2.400 2.200 1.000 "3.666 800 800 2.440 2.400 2.S00 1.700 5.000 600 2.400 5.000 3,886 5,955 5,340 750 27. 153 * 3' ioo 4.350 13. 040 3,636 4,050 34. 800 25. 030 9.995 3,420 9.540 2,242 2, >^0 2. 340 2.480 2. S40 1 S2. 550 13. 400 8. 210 i,m 3.000 3.339 3.000 4.200 7.666 9,839 5.305 5.63C 4.200 4 5« 2,338 3,960 2,000 3.105 2.000 2.000 2.900 3,810 3. 400 3.900 5. 000 21. POO 4.SG0 6.737 3,100 4.200 . . 1.450 1,350 1,450 2,175 2,100 2. 200 3,000 3,000 7.000 2. 100 2. 774 ! 2.> i o U a 8 o 1 o ! o 'a 1 to 3 >, u 3 o PU( CO 3 _ >< ■a i-i 3 o 1 H "a P Virginia: 1914-15... $108,598 130,295 160, 876 202,515 58, 119 64,599 79,515 130,435 80, 886 121,849 145. 701 155, 503 51,621 103,960 120, 131 194,244 26, 442 44,005 61.415 86, 903 3,607,205 4,871,62C 6,103,14€ 7,617,098 $2, 429 8,748 11,333 17, 870 8,108 7,599 7,275 12,900 8,649 8,996 10,544 12,512 1,944 6,740 7,360 16,451 5,442 6,492 7,491 8,290 298,493 422,078 445,720 599,107 I $154 538 1,540 2,870 1,826 1,486 1,500 2,239 2,289 2,790 1,960 2,310 5,074 1,300 1,980 2,655 1,695 1,850 2,024 2,360 72, 115 100,735 137,187 jl3S,323 $78,846 84,017 87,386 107,281 30,900 32, 624 40, 190 71, 760 39,617 67,228 76,580 76,563 33,206 46, 180 56,000 76, 822 9.314 25,007 38.700 54,394 $15,438 24,337 33.357 46, 499 2,429 3,092 4,300 5,700 7,630 13, 946 17,413 21,529 ■' $1,573 2,235 2,950 $2, 208 880 3,190 6,100 3,918 7,647 7,805 1,155 2,604 2,711 5,352 388 4,000 4.250 10,300 2,316 3,000 3,100 3,200 107,775 153,958 1173.871 233,267 191.5-16. . $2,940 4,810 3,740 $3,480 1916-17... 1917-18. . $975 300 3,516 4,721 4,840 1,885 2,510 6,590 7,500 8,975 6,000 2,007 400 20C 20C $6, 530 3,540 5,370 7,491 9,760 14,776 5,582 12,175 16,080 16,592 1,455 3,30C 3,57C 5,35C 2,705 3,15C Washington: 1914-15. .. 1915-16. .. 1,198 1.225 1,225 1916-17. .. 1917-18. .. 8,630 "West Virginia: 1914-15. .. ! 1915-16. . 1916-17. . 4,255 5,495 1917-18. . Wisconsin: 1914-15. . i 1915-16. .. 9,000 8,160 6,120 2,958 2,800 2,950 2,700 319, 779 538, 061 756,050 1,043,560 4,300 6,500 5,900 1916-17. . 1917-18. .. Wyoming: 1914-15.. . 1 1915-16 . . 1916-17. .. 5, 55( 8,651 167,65' 229, 90. : 340, 87' J412,59< ... 200 3,200 31,96S 101,711 126, 81i 176, 188 ...... 1917-18. .. Total: 1914-15... 1915-16... 1916-17... 1917-18. . . 1,922,751 2,488,750 3,102,883 3,833,396 194, 64C 212, 763 193,715 135,624 1 $9,385 20,760 ' 15, 630 ) 28,901 1 10,003 12, 933 15,590 17,260 9,928 30,466 44.681 65, 745 The next most important line of work, as far as allotment of funds is concerned, is the work for farm women, the allotment for which increased from $320,000 in 1914-15 to approximately $780,000 in 1917-18, an increase of nearly 200 per cent during the same period. The next in importance is the boys' and girls' club work. During the four-year period this had increased from $170,000 to $475,000. In the Southern States the girls' clubs are included with the home- economics project, and the boys' club work does not include the pig and poultry clubs. The amount used in this work exceeded $45,000. In the Northern and Western States the girls' clubs are included under the boys' and girls' clubs project. The projects, in addition to those named above, in which over $200,000 were spent, were adminis- tration and dairying. Those in which over $100,000 were spent were 21 extension work for four years ending June SO, 1917, by projects — Continued. V3 U m 3 I 1 •a >> a a 2 < 8 3 a a 23 Entomology, api- culture, orni- thology. L O S-i O 3 g| & § CD a GO . "3 a M m •A u CO to PI . "-< CO o DO — ■— — § o o PI © . « 12 O H ao CO o o 5 M <5 1 ® .12 r CO ! S7, 948 $1,600 1 $3,22.5 SI, 000, 5. 060 3,100j 6; 815 $1, 775 2,240 620 :::!:: $300 . 1 $2, 048 2,776 2,720 2,760 1 1 682 2,420 3,000 < $2,320 ::::::::: ! 7,445 1 $1,300 $7, 387 7,360 5,650 4,010 SS43 SI, 708 890 l.aso 3,600 4,120 3,243 3,270 880 790 900 450 705 2, 257 4, 800 2, 840 5,150 5,070 48,050 2.550 9,0.50 7,-580 6,010 2,6661 2 9.56 2,000; 3,536 4,050t 3,986 " 266 300 100 1,666 40 700 i 200 :::::::::::" 3,100 600 54,906 72,420 39,635 100 4,562 21, 200 23; 345 : 36, 665 24,188 78, 555 125, 480 149,010 28,741 63, .534 82,490 14S, 023 4.923 15'. 442 35, 139 23,886 $3,900 10,086 13, 485 31,090 6, 058 3,700 9,150 37,829 52,281 102, 212 ' i | 44,428 17, 055 S2, 299 14. 016 85,657 24,964 17,634 8^067 97,155 34.082 35.3.56 7,775 112,515 47,276 82,750 9,600 1 8,44211,298 27,12115,810 38, 713 15, 256 20.565; 1,950 1 133, 662 92; 591 113,429 118,801 publications, extension schools, animal husbandry, agronomy, horti- culture, agricultural engineering, and farm management. There are certain items in Table V, which should be carefully interpreted. For example, the work undertaken on the projects for extension schools and miscellaneous projects would seem to have decreased. The decrease is due primarily to the assignment of the specialists to individual projects rather than putting the different lines of their work together in miscellaneous projects. The decrease in the funds for extension schools is due to a similar cause — the specialists partici- pating in extension-school work are having a larger proportion of their expenses charged to subject-matter projects than formerly. Table V, pages 14 to 21, indicates the allotment of funds from all sources to the different types of extension work by States. oo COUNTY-AGENT WORK. The county-agent work grew out of the farm demonstrations con- ducted under the direction of agents covering a large territory. In these field demonstrations the farmer undertook, with his own labor and entirely at his own expense, to grow on from 1 to 10 acres some particular crop under the agent's supervision. The selection of the crop depended entirely upon the needs of the community. A careful account was kept and a report made at the end of the season. The agents were required to arrange for as many demonstrations as they coald supervise properly. About the year 1906 counties began to contribute toward the salary of the agents of the department, and their work became more intensive and the work of each agent was confined to a single county. With this limited territory they could arouse the interest of farmers generally by greatly increasing the number of examples or demon- strations of better methods of farming. The scope of the demonstra- tions was enlarged to include all of the standard farm crops, gardens, pastures, and in later years the breeding, raising, and feeding of live stock. Meetings were held at the demonstration plats for the purpose of giving information to a large number of farmers. At these meetings the agent would go over the farm with those assembled, discuss the operations informally, and invite questions. The farmer saw the value of the better methods and gradually applied them to the whole farm. Demonstrations varied in size and character, depending upon the problem to be met. The results of hundreds of these demonstra- tions in a county gave the farmers confidence in the ability of the agent, and thus grew up a great variety of work on the part of the county agent in giving general instruction and advice to farmers e he was unable to visit their farms regularly. It was noted a number of years ago that where the county agent could secure the cooperation of an organized body of farmers in the community in conducting demonstrations and giving information his work became more effective. Out of this experience has developed a systematic effort on the part of the county agent to work through organized bodies of farmers and to create organizations in communi- ties where there are none. "Prior to 1912 practically all of the extension work of the depart- ment of this character was carried on in the 15 Southern States. This branch of the work is growing steadily. In that year S165,000 was made available to extend the work into the Northern and Western States, and the work in those States was placed under the supervision of the Office of Farm Management. The work in the North has grown rapidly and now has more than trebled its original Federal appropriation. Out of the work in the South and the North has 23 grown a large field of activity now generally known as county-ageat work or demonstration work through county agents. On -July 1, 1917, 1,474 men county agents were employed in the United States. The county agents are employed cooperatively by the county, the State agricultural college, and the United States Department of Agriculture, assisted in some cases by other cooperating parties. The extent to which the county agent comes in contact with the farmers in his communitv is indicated bv Table VI. Table VI. — Work of the county agents. State. Farm visits made. Meetings held. Attendance. 1914 1915 1916 1914 1915 1916 1914 1915 1916 23,377 "35,518 4,468 4,258 459 181 17. 241 53,142 1.459 2,836 9,681 6,931 4, 858 16', 043 23,900 64,932 2,098 34,598 9,105 5,610 2,945 1,793 25. 179 67, 432 2,049 5,856 11,592 6,400 6,684 25, 698 36, 658 3,275 8,503 6,241 9,063 9,326 26,328 4,658 3, 559 4,586 79,380 4,035 61,014 8', 822 4,842 3,284 1,605 22,624 101,767 5, 405 6,532 8,530 9,357 8,456 34, 707 59,400 4,034 12,808 5,182 13. 077 7,172 56,357 4,732 3,984 5,275 84 4,781 8.347 3; 906 19, 797 85,437 13,493 4,928 62.528 7; 298 15.517 '486 50.860 5.194 3.3. 452 64.683 6, 869 7, 793 55, 408 5,844 27, 289 7, 507 4,826 4,171 526 3,459 1, 7*4 1.084 675 163 596 3.596 '451 1,027 3,250 2,538 1.941 2, 541 1,107 352 947 942 1,790 1,503 3,813 1,448 392 729 60 654 752 549 3,235 2,883 823 1,323 3, 388 916 2,853 207 1,326 1,002 1,629 3,948 '533 1,149 2.550 '694 3,212 875 484 27,291 9,306 81,310 64,419 45, 393 18, 240 8,414 23, 168 101, 800 16,423 53, 621 267, 126 83.462 6i; 818 130, 952 47, 410 7,247 42,715 41, 102 58. 737 113, 775 104, 680 109, 183 19, 904 24,430 149 030 "i'.TS3 641 628 36 37 330 480 138 565 4,138 606 820' 916 206 '" 138" 762 4, 343 602 1.077 '163 359 263 1,770 1.585 '736 379 179 508 1,036 305 761 3,674 899 1,039 2,000 1,321 206 792 1,280 1.046 1,965 193 9,997 241 587 14 114 178, 278 23,927 42,974 2,600 387 13.280 4; 688 7,656 45, 159 270. 241 66, 401 48, 414 42,839 13, 734 159, 080 California i la 54.349 Connecticut Delaware 34. 257 6,987 Florida , 35, 593 183, 429 ia Idaho 29.921 83 162 Indiana 247.753 Iowa 116, 082 Kansas 104.189 Kentucky 167,879 Louisiana 57, 731 Mafrie 12,420 35, 494 51,382 7, 279 67, 115 130, 595 55. 876 108, 990 9.002 15, 686 Michigan Minnesota 6,192 9,715 37,059 3,593 2,388 3,512 84, 187 116,032 Missouri 89,032 Montana 35, 180 ta 26,237 Nevada. 1,370 New Hampshire rsey 958 2.221 90 11,880 47,061 16, 500 4,125 5,598 4,902 18, 543 70, 350 11,593 4,068 36,894 6,326 9.000 44 37 282 6 1,361 1, 188 1,055 ""i"925" 363 790 6 350 343 488 2,926 3,257 831 864 2,931 601 1.372 19 2, S28 14, 489 300 102, 820 60, 763 94,033 20, 819 16; 181 22,323 168,211 171, 739 83,046 83,442 141.413 35^ 637 124,053 953 33, 429 37, 151 oxico New \~ork 33,955 174^463 North Carolina North "Dakota Ohio 1, 902, 035 56,544 92 301 Oklahoma 32.382 3; 431 5,017 67.001 24; 404 48, 722 540 227^297 Oregon 29, 137 Pennsylvania Rhode Island . 230. 783 6,313 94 125 South Carolina . . South Dakota Tennessee 1,500 3, 108 4,999 33,625 676 8,736 1,940 1,202 4,719 213 318 2,236 200 338 655 347 1.143 '220 99 6i2 "459" 2.839 '887 843 1,972 ' oSS 152 9, 930 22, 405 88,546 15, 282 13, 363 34, 362 20. S 16 62. i;-. 2 4,860 7,183 44, 901 51, 757 82, 981 210; 815 45, 112 40, 777 8,356 7, 402 6,018 17. 034 5', 718 2,964 113, 538 23, 014 23,750 149,217 39.cl5 78,880 14. 651 8; 390 Utah Vermont 39, 130 140, 122 35, 69S 165, 787 59, 470 12, 996 Virginia ngton irginia Wisconsin Wyoming Differences in methods of recording the data prevent the figures from being strictly comparable. For example: In 1914, in Arkansas, the plan of counting every person who attended any session of the meetings was followed, but in 1915 only the persons actually in attend- ance throughout the meetings were counted. This will no doubt 24 explain some of the marked differences in the attendance at the meetings. In Georgia, in 1914, the record showed only those persons who happened to attend the county-agent field meetings, whereas in 1915 the total number of persons attending all the meetings were counted. It is recognized by all engaged in the work that the county agent should be a man of practical experience in farming and of such per- sonality as to enable him to become a leader among the farmers of his county. He must also have such agricultural education and technical training as fit him for this important duty. Other things being equal, preference is given to graduates of agricultural colleges who have the proper personality and practical experience. It will be seen that one of the duties of the county agent is to bring to the farmers of his county on their own farms the results of scien- tific investigations in agriculture and the experience of successful farmers, and through demonstrations to influence the farmers to put these into practice. In his organization work, as explained above, he assists in reorganizing and redirecting the agriculture of the com- munity, and assists all economic and social forces working for the improvement of agriculture and country life. He gives instruction not only in those subjects which are generally recognized under the head of improved agricultural practices, but also in farm manage- ment, marketing, and purchasing supplies. In all of this work he conducts a large number of demonstrations and gives out much valuable information. He works, as far as possible, with existing organizations, such as granges, farmers' unions, alliances, organized farmers' institutes, community clubs, etc., but may also aid in forming new organizations especially suited to support his work. In the South great emphasis is laid upon community organizations of farm- ers. These are increasing rapidly and involve both the work among men and that among women. The tendency 'and general policy of the work in most of the States in that territory is gradually to form central county organizations composed of representatives of the community organizations to deal in cooperation with the county agents with such problems as are county-wide in their nature. In some of the Northern and Western States county organizations called farm bureaus have been developed to support the county agents in their work. The farm bureau may include in its membership any person who is interested in better farming. Its officers are generally selected annually. It has an executive committee which has the responsibility of arranging for the selection and financing of the county agent, and its committees, both central and local, assist the county agent in carrying out the program of work for the county. The growth of county-agent work is indicated in Table VII. 25 Table VII. — Number of counties villi men agents. Agri- cul- tural coun- ties. Counties with men agents. State. Agri- cul- tural coun- ties. Counties with men agents. State. July 1, 1914. July 1', 1915. Julv 1, 1916. July 1, 1917. July 1, 1914. July 1, 1915. July 1916. July 1, 1917. Alabama 07 6 75 45 35 8 3 50 150 30 102 92 99 105 120 64 16 23 13 84 86 80 114 41 93 67 ""45 4 13 1 ""25" 80 2 14 27 9 9 28 41 ""8* 1 11 27 48 13 4 5 67 3 52 11 13 6 3 36 81 3 18 31 11 39 39 43 3 13 10 17 23 49 15 8 8 G5 6 53 13 19 7 3 S3 83 7 20 32 16 56 47 43 4 16 9 22 19 44 14 7 9 62 7 61 17 16 8 37 117 11 22 40 26 53 45 42 9 23 11 30 16 53 15 12 S 15 10 19 26 57 100 51 75 77 35 67 5 44 66 96 250 28 14 100 37 55 71 21 6 New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina... North Dakota Ohio 1 """25" 51 17 8 40 10 10 5 7 8 29 64 15 10 56 12 14 8 11 9 36 65 15 12 59 13 22 4 42 11 48 90 8 11 51 13 29 13 8 9 10 California Colorado 11 41 Connecticut Delaware 69 17 Florida.... 20 Georgia Oklahoma Oregon 62 ' 14 Illinois Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina... South Dakota — Tennessee 45 4 43 3 36 98 8 7 53 7 13 9 3 43 5 38 99 10 9 55 10 27 12 6 40 13 Kentucky 57 92 Utah 15 Maryland 11 53 Michigan Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total 22 Minnesota.. Mississippi 45 22 13 Nebraska 2,920 928 1,136 1,225 1, 434 BOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUB WORK. Extension work among young people usually has been conducted through clubs organized for that purpose. B03 s' corn clubs and other agricultural clubs have been in existence for over 10 years. The department, in cooperation with the State agricultural colleges, has done much to popularize this demonstration work and make it effective through acre contests in corn growing. Boys and girls betw T een the ages of 10 and 18 are admitted to these clubs, the work being conducted very largely in cooperation with school officials and teachers in the rural communities. These clubs are supervised by State agents or assistants located at the agricul- tural colleges, who represent both the college and the department. They are assisted by county agents, who aid in the organization and maintenance of the work, and by club specialists from the States Relations Service and the Bureau of Animal Industry of the United States Department of Agriculture. By far the most widespread and numerous organizations of this character are the boys' corn clubs. The members enter into com- petition in corn growing on an acre of ground, on their fathers' farms, as a rule. Prizes are provided and the basis of award is the largest production at the lowest cost, with best exhibit of 10 ears and best essay on their year's work. Definite instructions in preparation of the soil, planting, cultivation, etc., are given to the members. They are taught valuable lessons about the handling of the soil, selection of good seed, improvement of varieties, use of fertilizers, oust ac- counting, etc. Clubs have also been organized for contests in the growing of pota- toes, cotton, grain, apples, as well as in the raising of pigs and poul- try. In most of the States the prizes now offered in all of these clubs have educational value, such as scholarships at the agrieui colleges or at short, courses, trips to points of interest, etc, Boys' pig clubs have been organized to stimulate interest hi swine production, and to teach boys profitable methods of feeding, the value of the best breeds, and the home production of meat for the family. This work supplements the boys' corn clubs by showing the boys that it is profitable to sell crops by feeding them to live stock. Members of the clubs are taught also the curing of meats at home, the judging of hogs, and their selection for breeding and marketing purposes. Consideration is given to management, feed- ing, sanitation, and to the prevention of diseases of swine, especially hoe; cholera. Prizes are awarded on the basis of excellence of hoo^ feci for purpose intended, gain in weight, cost of production, and record of feeding and care. Prizes are offered for animals raised for breeding purposes and for slaughtering, and for the best brood sow with litter. The objects of the boys' and girls' poultry clubs are to teach poultry raising, handling, and marketing; the value of uniform product of high class for cooperative marketing, better care of poul- wd eggs, and the increased revenue derived from better breeding and management. Members of the clubs raise a certain number of fowls, keep accurate account, make exhibits at the fair*, and write a composition on some phase of their work. Girls' clubs have been formed to teach gardening and canning of vegetables and fruits for home and market and thus promote the utilization of the surplus and waste products of the farm and garden; to teach profitable farni poultry raising; to provide a means for girls to earn money at home; to pave the way for practical demonstrations in home economics and stimulate cooperation among members of the family and in the community; and to furnish teachers a plan for correlating home work with school work. This work was first begun with the canning club. Girls from 10 to 18 years of age are enrolled to plant and cultivate a garden of one- tenth of an acre. The most important part of the training, how- ever, is the canning of products of the garden for home and market. Prizes are awarded on the basis of the quality and quantity of the products of the garden and the variety, quality, and quantity of the canned product, the profit shown by cost accounting, and the written account of how the crop was made. A uniform club label is provided and a standard weight and grade of canned product fixed for marketing purposes. Encouragement is given to cooperative marketing. HOME ECONOMICS EXTENSION WORK. All of the extension work described in this circular is conducted in the interest of all the people on the farm. However, it is as important to provide special extension work for women and girls on the farm as it is for men. This special work is now being developed according to the same general plan as the extension work in agri- culture. Out of the girls' canning-club work in the South has grown the employment of women county agents, or home-demonstration agents. When sufficient funds are provided, a well-trained woman is employed to give instruction in home economics to farmers' wives and daugh- ters throughout the county. The woman agent organizes clubs of women and girls, gives them instruction, conducts demonstrations, and superintends the putting of the lessons into practice in the homes. Women agents now are being appointed in some of the coun- ties in the North and West. On July 1, 1917, there were 537 counties with women agents in the United States; 24 were in the Northern States. In home economics, as in agriculture, there are in addition to the county agents or leaders specialists who conduct extension schools, general neighborhood meetings, conferences, etc., and assist the women county agents. Among the problems now being taken up are children's welfare, selection, preservation, and preparation of food, canning of fruit and vegetables on the farm, the selection and protection of water supply, sewage disposal, house ventilation, house- hold equipment and management, use of labor-saving devices and machinery, control of insects and other pests, etc. The number of women agents employed July 1, 1914, 1915, 1916, and 1917 is shown in the table following. 28 Table VIII. — Number of countiet with wonwi agent*. State. Agn- - tural ) eoun- Counties with women agents. July I July Julv Julv 1915 1916. 1917. State. cul- tural coun- ties. Counties with women agents. Julv Julv 1." 1." 1914. 1915. July July 1916. ' 1917. Alabama Arkansas rnia — lo Coin>: Be lav Georf :;. Hlinc. Indisr. Minne ppi... Monte : ; ::- lit ,- 35 3 50 152 30 102 92 99 I 5 120 16 13 41 99 :: 23 11 28 :> - -■ 20 33 33 :. : : Nevada New Hampshire . racy Y : rk Noni. - Ohio Oklahoma Penh- R hode' Island South Carolina... South Dakota Verm jnl nsan DDBIlg Total : r : 2 19 1 . i •" 1 M 3 100 51 " 35 ■ 44 66 96 250 28 14 100 37 » 34 48 2 22- 19 M 23 1 . 21 31 36 > 26 31 49 31 2 17 * 38 55 71 5 .:° 12 12 21 m c:-j 430 •537 FARM-MANAGEMENT DEMONSTRATIONS. A farm- jement demonstration aims to teach a farmer a prac- tical method of summarizing and analyzing his farm business as a as of determining the profit or loss incurred in conducting it and of deciding upon m ns which promise to increase the net income of the farm. These demonstrations are conducted in most by coui :ts. with the assistance of a farm-management demonstrator, who is cooperatively employed by the college and the United States Department of Agriculture. On July 1, 1917, the B in progress in 300 counties in 27 of the Northern and West- ern States. EXTENSION WORK THROUGH SPECIALISTS. Both at the State agricultural college and in the Department of re specialists in various branches of agriculture and home economics who aid county agents in their work, and also give direct instruction to farmers in counties where there are no county agents. A specialist is generally an extension agent who has a very thorough knowledge of some particular line of work and who is efficient in presenting his subject to the county agents and the farmers. He may be differentiated from the county agent in that the county agent has to cover in a more or less thorough way the entire field of agriculture, whereas the specialist's field of work is generally limited to a narrow field, such as dairying, horticulture, poultry, etc. The principal lines of extension work of this character being con- ducted in the Department of Agriculture are hog-cholera work, pig 29 and poultry clubs, dairying, and animal husbandry, through the Bureau of Animal Industry. All of this work is conducted in coop- eration with the agricultural colleges in the several States under project agreements mutually entered into as a part of the general system of cooperation under the general memorandum of under- standing between the Secretary of Agriculture and the colleges of agriculture. In hog-cholera work veterinary field agents have been appointed to cooperate with county agents and demonstrate to them and to local veterinarians and farmers the prevention of loss from hog cholera and of the spread of the disease from herd to herd by the use of the serum treatment and proper quarantine and sanitation of premises. In the dairy-extension work specialists are appointed to conduct work in the various States through county agents and otherwise by organizing cow-testing associations, bull associations, teaching the keeping of herd records, planning the construction of silos, the remod- eling of dairy barns, milk houses, and other dairy buildings, estab- lishing feeding demonstrations, management of herds, and othei special dairy-farm problems. In soils, forestry, plant pathology, marketing and rural organiza- tion, etc., specialists are also employed to carry on extension work. EXTENSION SCHOOLS. Short, practical courses of instruction, accompanied by demon- strations, illustrated lectures, and exhibits, organized and conducted by specialists attached to the agricultural colleges, are given in different localities. The local arrangements are often made by the county agents, and these schools usually are planned to assist the county agent in the development of extension projects undertaken in the county. The schools commonly occupy one week, but in some cases a somewhat shorter or longer period. EMERGENCY DEMONSTRATION WORK. In addition to the fund provided above for the regular cooperative agricultural extension work, Congress passed the food production act, which includes an item of $4,348,400 for increasing food pro- duction, eliminating waste, and promoting conservation of food, b} 7 educational and demonstrational methods through counties, districts, and urban agents, and others. Under the provision of this act over 1,600 emergency demonstration agents have been employed, and for the first time agents have been designated to take up work in the larger urban centers. The following tables show the number of persons connected with (IX) county-agent work, (X) home-demonstration work, and (XI) boys' and girls' club work, who are paid some part of their salaries 30 from funds appropriated to the United States Department of Agri- culture for regular or war emergency work and who are located in the States: Table IX. — County-agent vorl (men i. CIas> of agents. Januar 1917, regular January, 1918. , Regular. Emer- gency. Total. Directors and State ieaders < . ant State leaders District agents County agents and assistants. Local agents (colored) 28 46 745 44 831 56 22 447 19 27 7 66 ,078 105 Total 374 518 1,283 NORTH AND WEST. 29 438 33 1 33 Assistant State leaders 26 2S Countv agents and assistants 408 : 601 1 . 009 Total 489 : 467 1 601 1,068 DOTTED STATES. Directors and State leaders 57 22 41; 1, 1S3 55 60 60 Qt State leaders 33 .. District agents 44 1,039 22 1,048 49 66 2,087 Local agents (colored) LdS Toral 1,368 1,232 1,119 2, 351 1 The extension directors receiving part of their salaries from department appropriations have charge of all lines of the cooperative extension work. In the Northern and Western States 31 extension directors receive no part of their salaries from department funds. Table X. — Home -demonstration vorl: roomeri). Class of agents. January, 1017,' regular. January, 19 IS. Regular. Emer- gency. Total. SOUTH. State leaders 13 18 14 425 7 14 14 17 421 10 14 Assistant State leaders. . 14 Dist rict agents 29 32S 61 65 8 -l.. County agents 749 Local agents (colored) 71 City agents 65 C it v agents (colored) 8 Total 477 476 491 967 NORTH AND WEST. State leaders 4 1 12 35 30 47 Assistant State leaders 30 District agents Countv agents 15 25 1282 57 31)7 City agents 57 Total 20 37 404 441 DOTTED STATES. State leaders 17 19 14 440 7 26 14 17 446 10 35 30 29 610 61 122 8 61 Assistant State leaders n District agents 16 County agents 1,056 Local agents (colored ) City agents 122 City agents (colored; Total 497 513 S95 1, 108 1 130 of these agents cover more than one county. 31 Table XL — Boys' and g his' club work (men and women). January, 1917,' regular. January, 191 8. Class of agents. Regular. Emer- gency. Total. SOUTH. 1 State leaders 19 6 27 ----- 19 Assistant State leaders 29 28 33 27 Total 57 52 27 79 NORTH AND WEST. State leaders 29 40 15 26 32 78 2 36 140 52 2S Assistant State leaders 68 218 52 Total 84 130 2:J0 366 UNITED STATES. State leaders 29 69 43 45 38 105 2 63 140 52 47 101 Count v leaders 245 District leaders 52 Total 141 188 257 445 1 In the Southern States the men county agents supervise the boys' club work in local communities and the home-demonstration agents conduct the girls' ciub work. HOW TO GET IN TOUCH WITH THE EXTENSION SERVICE. If the farmer or members of his family desire the cooperation of the State agricultural college in solving any of the farm or home problems, application should first be made to the county agent, if there is one ; if there is no county agent, then to the director of extension at the State agricultural college to get in touch with the extension organization in order that the services which this organization is prepared to give may be secured. 32 OFFICIALS IN CHARGE OF COOPERATIVE EXTENSION WORK. OFFICERS OF THE STATES RELATIONS SERVICE. A. C. True, director. Bradford Knapp, chief, Office of Extension Work in the South. J. A. Evans, assistant chief, Office of Extension Work in the South. C. B. Smith, chief, Office of Extension Work in' the North and West. L. A. Clinton, assistant chief, Office of Extension Work in the North and West. STATE OFFICERS. State. Alabama Arizona Arkansas California , Colorado , Connecticut Delaware Florida (leorgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas , Kentucky , Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts — Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey . . . New Mexico... New York North Carolina North Dakota, Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee. . . Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Officer in charge of extension work. J. F. Duggar E. P. Taylor W. C. Lassen er. . W. T.Clarke H. T. French H.J. Baker H. Hay ward P. H. Rolfs J. Phil Campbell. Lee W. Fluhartv. W. F. Handsch in G. I. Christie R. K. Bliss E. C. Johnsofi Fred Mutchler.. . W. R. Perkins... L. S. Merrill.... T. B. Symons.. A. D. Kilhami. R. J. Baldwin.. A. D. Wilson... E. R. Lloyd. A. J. Mever. F. S. Cooley., C. W. Pugsley... C. A. Norcross. . . J. C. Kendall Alva Agee... A. C. Cooley. A. R. Mann... B. W. Kilgore. C. S. Wheeler.... J. A.Wilson O. D. Center M.S. McDowell.. A. E. Stene W.W.Long G. W. Randlett.. C. A. Keffer T. O. Walton i... J. T. Caine, III... Thomas Bradlee. J. M. Jones W. S. Thornber . C. R. Titlow K. L. Hatch A. E. Bowman... Address. Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. . College of Agriculture, University of Arizona, Tucson. College of Agriculture, University of Arkansas. Favetteville. College of Agriculture, University of California. Berkeley. State Agricultural College of Colorado, Fort Collins. Connecticut Agricultural College, Storrs. Delaware College, Newark. College of Agriculture. University of Florida, Gainesville. Georgia State College of Agriculture, Athens. The State House, Boise. College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, Urbana. Purdue University, Lafayette. Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames. Kansas State Agricultural College, Manhattan. College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, University Station, Baton Rouge. College of Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono. Maryland State College of Agriculture, College Fark. Massachusetts Agricultural College, Amherst. Michigan Agricultural College, East Lansing. College of Agriculture, University of Minnesota, University Farm, St. Paul. Mississippi Agricultural and Mechanical College, Agricultural Col- lege. College of Agriculture, University of Missouri, Columbia. Montana State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Boze- man. College of Agriculture, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. College of Agriculture, University of Ne\ ada, Reno. New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, Durham. College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick. New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, State Col- lege. New York State College of Agriculture. Ithaca. North Carolina State College of Agriculture and Engineering, West Raleigh. North Dakota Agricultural College, Agricultural College. College of Agriculture, Ohio State University, Columbus. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Stillwater. Oregon State Agricultural College, Corvallis. Pennsylvania State College, State College. Rhode Island State College, Kingston. Clemson Agricultural College of South Carolina, Clemson College. South Dakota State College, Brookings. College of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, College Station. Agricultural College of Utah. Logan. University of Vermont and State Agricultural College, Burlington. Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg. State College of Washington, Pullman. College of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Morgantown. College of Agriculture, University of Wisconsin, Madison. College of Agriculture, University of Wyoming, Laramie. Acting director. 33 Table XII. — Number of extension workers July 1, 1916 and 1917. l Full time. Part time. Total. State. Men. Women. Men. Women. Men. Women. 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 1916 1917 Alabama 86 9 74 93 9 107 39 1 37 39 4 CO 12 6 10 11 14 3 1 10 3 ...... 98 15 84 104 10 121 42 2 47 42 Arizona 1 Arkansas 61. 19 12 4 38 93 13 25 58 45 40 00 50 8 33 24 35 35 56 33 16 31 4 13 22 13 62 83 21 26 73 32 30 6 59 18 61 97 17 15 41 36 34 19 12 ...... 44 126 16 32 72 57 45 72 11 36 27 45 32 82 43 24 26 6 18 28 36 73 106 27 48 81 35 ... 49 . """26" 82 160 "'ib' 64 41 77 28 17 3 1 1 33 54 5 3 7 9 8 35 22 1 13 4 5 4 24 3 2 5 1 4 ""'3' 4 32 4 9 29 12 2 1 38 '"is 17 6 1 3 3 7 4 3 ""2 32 66 2 7 7 11 11 26 2 34 14 6 4 38 6 4 12 4 3 13 7 43 3 11 37 16 3 1 ..... 70 46 ..... 19 10 5 4 2 5 3 6 12 2 15 9 29 31 ;;;;;; 2 24 15 10 50 95 28 34 87 79 40 57 53 9 44 32 35 44 57 63 16 36 9 15 25 19 78 103 29 92 75 51 52 9 65 18 69 98 38 24 70 36 70 96 20 "*io" 57 126 27 37 145 111 45 74 12 42 34 45 60 84 46 24 40 13 33 30 41 89 115 38 114 84 54 49 6 ""*26" 88 160 "*24" 91 41 138 103 25 5 1 6 35 55 11 5 13 15 8 38 22 1 13 4 5 6 38 10 2 5 3 4 """"3" 5 46 5 20 31 13 4 2 39 ""44' 44 11 2 56 4 15 7 7 Connecticut Delaware 6 13 ...... 5 73 54 5 2 1 6 2 6 6 1 12 ..... 2 28 32 3 Florida 44 Georgia 66 Idaho 6 Illinois 9 Indiana 35 43 11 Kentucky 2 3 1 11 8 2 1 6 7 3 Louisiana 26 Maine 2 Mar viand 34 14 6 Minnesota 9 1 30 28 2 3 2 14 7 8 20 12 Mississippi 58 Missouri 6 4 Nebraska 5 2 3 6 16 20 8 66 2 19 22 3 6 ...... 1 21 9 29 14 4 15 2 5 16 9 11 66 3 19 ....... 6 ..... 27 2 6 2 1 18 Nevada 6 New Hampshire 4 New Jersey 7 New Mexico 13 New York 1 14 1 11 2 2 ! 31 27 5 1 53 1 8 3 4 2 20 3 13 1 2 ....„ ...... 107 ""*i3" 1 2 9 North Carolina 63 North Dakota 6 Ohio 24 Oklahoma 38 18 Pennsylvania 3 Rhode Island South Dakota 9 Ty.nnessp-e 70 Texas 46 Utah Vermont 2 Virginia 126 Washington 10 West Virginia 36 77 8 61 75 8 18 Wisconsin 5 Wyoming 4 Total 1, 686 515 580 239 2,266 754 Returns for 1917 incomplete. 34 ACT OF 1914 PROVIDING FOR COOPERATIVE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORK. [Smith-Lever Act.] AX ACT To provide for cooperative agricultural extension work between the agricultural colleges in the several States receiving the benefits of an act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and si.xty-two. and of acts supplementary thereto, and the United States Department of Agriculture. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in ( Ongress assembled. That in order to aid in diffusing among the people of the L : nited States useful and practical information on subjects relating to agriculture and home economics, and to encourage the application of the same, there may be inaugurated in connection with the college or colleges in each State now receiving, or which may hereafter receive, the benefits of the act of Congress approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two. entitled "An act donating public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts" (Twelfth Statutes at Large, page five hundred and three), and of the act of Congress approved August Thirtieth, eighteen hundred and ninety (Twenty- sixth. Statutes at Large, page four hundred and seventeen and chapter eight hundred ■try-one i.. agricultural extension work which shall be carried on in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture: Prorided. That in any State in which two or more such colleges have been or hereafter may be established the appro- priaiions hereinafter made to such State shall be administered by such college or colleges as the legislature of such State may direct: Provided further, That, pending the inauguration and development of the cooperative extension work herein author- ized, nothing in this act shall be construed to discontinue either the farm manage- ment work of the farmers' cooperative demonstration work as now conducted by the Bureau of Plant Industry of the Department of Agriculture. Sec. 2. That cooperative agricultural extension work shall consist of the giving of instruction and practical demonstrations in agriculture and home economics to persons not attending or resident in said colleges in the several communities, and imparting to such persons information on said subjects through held demonstrations, publications, and otherwise; and this work shall be carried on in such manner as may be mutually agreed upon by the Secretary of Agriculture and the State agri- cultural college or colleges receiving the benefits of this act. Sec 3. That for the purpose of paying the expenses of said cooperative agricultural extension work and the necessary printing and distributing of information in con- nection with the same, there is permanently appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, the sum of 84S0.000 for each year, $10,000 of which shall be paid annually, in the manner hereinafter provided, to each State which shall by action of its legislature assent to the provisions of this act: Prorided, That payment of such installments of the appropriation hereinbefore made as shall become due to any State before the adjournment of the regular session of the legisla- ture meeting next after the passage of this act may. in the absence of prior legislative assent, be made upon the assent of the governor thereof, duly certified to the Secre- tary of the Treasury: Provided further, That there is also appropriated an additional sum of S600.000 for the fiscal year following that in which the foregoing appropriation first becomes available, and for each year thereafter for seven years a sum exceeding by $500,000 the sum appropriated for each preceding year, and for each year thereafter there is permanently appropriated for each year the sum of $4,100,000 in addition to the sum of $4S0,000 hereinbefore provided: Provided further, That before the funds herein appropriated shall become available to any college for any fiscal year plans for the work to be carried on under this act shall be submitted by the proper officials of each college and approved by the Secretary of Agriculture. Such additional sums shall be used only for the purposes hereinbefore stated, and shall be allotted annually 35 to each State by the Secretary of Agriculture and paid in the manner hereinbefore provided, in the proportion which the rural population of each State bears to the total rural population of all the States as determined by the next preceding Federal census: Provided further , That no payment out of the additional appropriations herein pro- vided shall be made in any year to any State until an equal sum has been appropri- ated for that year by the legislature of such State, or provided by State, county, col- lege, local authority, or individual contributions from within the State, for the main- tenance of the cooperative agricultural extension work provided for in this act. 4 . That the sums hereby appropriated for extension work shall be paid in equal semiannual payments on the first day of January and July of each year by the Secretary of the Treasury upon the warrant of the Secretary of Agriculture, out of the Treasury of the United States, to the treasurer or other officer of the State duly authorized by the laws of the State to receive the same; and such officer shall be required to report to the Secretary of Agriculture, on or before the first day of September of each year, a detailed statement of the amount so received during the previous fiscal year, and of its disbursement, on forms prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Sec. 5. That if any portion of the moneys received by the designated officer of any State for the support and maintenance of cooperative agricultural extension as provided in this act, shall by any action or contingency be diminished or lost or be misapplied, it shall be replaced by said State to which it belongs, and until so replaced no subsequent appropriation shall be apportioned or paid to said State, and no portion of said moneys shall be applied, directly or indirectly, to the pur- chase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings, or the purchase or rental of land, or in college-course teaching, lectures in colleges, promocing agri- cultural trains, or any other purpose not specified in this act. and not more than five per centum of each annual appropriation shall be applied to the printing and dis- tribution of publications. It shall be the duty of each of said colleges annually, on or before the first day of January, to make to the governor of the State in which it is located a full and detailed report of its operations in the direction of extension work as defined in this act, including a detailed statement of receipts and expenditures from all sources for this purpose, a copy of which report shall be sent to the Secretary of Agriculture and to the Secretary of the Treasury of the "Cnited States. Sec\ 6. That on or before the first day of July in each year after the passage of this act the Secretary of Agriculture shall ascertain and certifiy to the Secretary of the Treasury as to each State whether it is entitled to receive its share -of the annual appropriation for cooperative agricultural extension work under this act, and the amount which it is entitled to receive. If the Secretary of Agriculture shall with- hold a certificate from any State of its appropriation, the facts and reasons therefor shall be reported to the President, and the amount involved shall be kept separate in the Treasury until the expiration of the Congress next succeeding a session of the legislature of any State from which a certificate has been withheld, in order that the State may, if it should so desire, appeal to Congress from the determination of the Secretary of Agriculture. If the next Congress shall not direct such sum to be paid, it shall be covered into the Treasury. Sec. 7. That the Secretary of Agriculture shall make an annual report to Congress of the receipts, expenditures, and results of the cooperative agricultural extension work in all of the States receiving the benefits of this act, and also whether the appro- priation of any State has been withheld, and if so, the reasons therefor. Sec. 8. That Congress may at any time alter, amend, or repeal any or all of the provisions of this act. Approved, May 8, 1914 (38 Stat, L., 372). (Issued April 4, 191S.) WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1918 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 08928 8129