THE PEACl^: MOVEMENT IN BOSTON. 
 
 By Edwin D. Mead. 
 
 R.jpi-inte.l from Xkw ICx.-.i. vnij Ma(;\/,in1', April, 1.S99. 
 
 T 
 
 HE Org-anizalion of the 
 World"^' is the subject to 
 which a series of important 
 weekly meetings is now being de- 
 voted' in Boston. "The Federation 
 of the World" is the subject of an 
 important book just published in Bos- 
 ton. In the New England capital, 
 where so many great movements have 
 been born or ^fostered, the movement 
 against militarism, which Gladstone 
 ten 3'ears ago rightly named "the 
 most conspicuous tyrant of the age," 
 has found at this time efficient voice 
 and efficient pen. The Boston meet- 
 ings have been arranged by the Good 
 Citizenship Society, which well de- 
 dares international dtity to be a prime 
 [actor in all good citizenship to-day. 
 'The Boston book is by Dr. Benjamin 
 F. Trueblood, whose lifelong labors 
 in behalf of international order and 
 fraternity have been so intelligent and 
 untiring. 
 
 The importance of this subject of 
 the better organization of the world, 
 which was our theme in these pages 
 in our Christmas number, has never 
 been felt so deeply by thoughtful per- 
 sons as it is felt to-day. Whatever 
 the various feelings of various men 
 concerning the events of the past 
 year, it becom.es clear and imperative 
 to all that the civilized nations, whose 
 industrial interests and trade relations 
 are now so complex and manifold, and 
 becoming more and more so with 
 such rapidity, should be brought into 
 closer and more organic legal and 
 political relations. The methods of 
 war do not befit the age ; they are not 
 adequate or proper methods for the 
 settlement of international troubles 
 and disputes. The time has come for 
 civilization to take a great step for- 
 
 
 ward. The feeling in Europe upon 
 this subject is intense. The Czar's 
 recent manifesto, calling for the de- 
 crease of armaments, is a memorable 
 expression of this feeling. The com- 
 ing international conference at the 
 Hague will be a historic event. Its 
 influence and results will be largely 
 determined by the expression of pub- 
 lic opinion in the various countries 
 of Christendom. The response _ in 
 England is inspiring and most im- 
 pressive. Not since the day of Glad- 
 stone's appeal for Bulgaria, twenty 
 '..ears ago, has there been seen in 
 England a popular movement so 
 noteworthy as the present Peace Cru- 
 sade, with great meetings in every 
 city, the circulation by millions of the 
 iournal of the Crusade, War against 
 'jVar, and the words from the great 
 leaders in Church and State. America 
 should not be behind England in this 
 great movement : and she will not be. 
 In Boston a Peace Crusade Com- 
 mittee has been formed, at whose 
 h.ead stands Edward Everett Hale, 
 and a weekly journal. The Peace 
 Crtisadc, has been established as an 
 organ of the movement, to be pub- 
 lished for thre^ months. The rooms 
 of the committee are at i Beacon 
 Street, and from this centre during 
 th.ese months the literature will be cir- 
 culated and correspondence directed. 
 The Boston meetings are held in 
 Tremont Temple on Mondav noons. 
 At the opening meeting Dr. Hale 
 spoke on "A Permanent International 
 Tribunal." The further programme 
 includes Samuel Gompers, president 
 of the American Federation of Labor 
 on "Organized Labor's Contributior 
 to International Peace"; Rev. Lymar 
 Abbott, on "International Brother- 
 
THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN BOSTON. 
 
 lood" ; and a meetinc: in the hands of 
 he women, to be adch-essed by Mrs. 
 JuHa Ward IIowc, Mrs. Mary A. 
 Liverniore, Mrs. AUc- Frcenir'n 
 Pahner and others. Other meetings 
 vill undoubtedly follow. While these 
 neetings are in prosfress in Boston 
 similar meetings will be organized in 
 Dther places in Massachusetts. It is 
 loped that in every large city there 
 vill be such meetings ; earnest citizens 
 ;vcrywhere have been asked b\- the 
 3ood Citizenship Society to act in 
 he matter. The ministers of all the 
 Massachusetts churches have been 
 isked to make tliis momentous sn';- 
 ect the th.cme of pulpit discourse. In 
 he churches, in the press, and in 
 ;verv inrtucntial wav. it is trusted that 
 Vlassachusetts and New England will 
 .how that conspicuous interest in 
 his commanding cause whicli they 
 lave so often showed in what most 
 ;oncerns the interest of mankind. The 
 novement thus inaugurated here will 
 luickly spread, we are sure, to the 
 vhole country ; for throughout the 
 :ountry earnest men and women are 
 eeling that it is the movement whose 
 lecessity and claim to-day are para- 
 nount. In New York and Phila- 
 lelphia and Chicago leading men are 
 dready moving; and we are confident 
 hat before the conference meets at 
 he Hague the expression of public 
 )pinion in America will be as wide- 
 pread and impressive as it is in Eu- 
 ope. * 
 
 Most impressive was the first of 
 he meetings in l^joston, on the lust 
 :Ionday in March. A thousand men 
 .nd women gathered at that noon 
 lOur. Chorley's great hynni, "(Tlvc 
 o us peace in our time, O L'.rd/" 
 vas sung, from the noble little r<il- 
 ection of a score of •'llvmns for the 
 ""eace Crusade." whicli has l)ecr. 
 irinted in a leaflet to serve the move 
 iient ; and Dr. Hale gave his stirring 
 ddress. 
 
 It was especially fitting and notc- 
 vorthy that Dr. Ilalc should have 
 icen present at this first peace meet- 
 
 ing and l)eeii its chief speaker. Three 
 vears ago (July, 1896) we devoted our 
 editorial pages to a discussion of Dr. 
 Hale's preeminent services in behalf 
 of a permanent international tribunal. 
 That was just after the great arbitra- 
 tion conference at Washington. At 
 that conference it was remem1)ered 
 tliat in a sermon on "The Twentietii 
 Century," [)renched in Washington 
 lialf a dozen vears before. Dr. Hale 
 had outlined in clear and hill detail 
 lliC idea of a permanent tribunal as 
 the rational substitute for the method 
 of v.ar in tlie world. His words were 
 read bv Senator Edmunds, the presi- 
 dent of the confeicence. as a remark- 
 able prophecy of the things for whose 
 promotion the conference was assem- 
 bled. Dr. Hale sat on the platform 
 ;!S his iM-ophctic words were read. It 
 is not improbable that lie will live to 
 see his prophecy far on the road to 
 fulfilment. In England and every- 
 where where men arc d^iscussing the 
 coming conference at the Hague, 
 they are seeing and saying that the 
 demand for disarmament must be ac- 
 companied by the demand for a regu- 
 lar international tribunal. Dr. Hale 
 lias kept on proposing this, with iter- 
 ation and reiteration, on ever)' occa- 
 sion and by every means — the speech, 
 the sermon, the magazine, the news- 
 paper — during the last ten years. In 
 this year of grace he has spoken of- 
 tener and with greater force in the in- 
 terests of this cause than any other 
 man in America — we had almost said 
 than all otlier men. In a recent fort- 
 night, travellin?: th.rough large towns 
 in the Middle States, he spoke, we 
 think, every night, with a vigor and 
 devotion, at threescore and fifteen, 
 which ])ut younger men to shame. 
 Oil (jiie Suiula\- he addressed in the 
 nun'ning a great congregation in New 
 York, in the evening one as great in 
 [Miiladelphia. On tlie Monday morn- 
 ing he was inspiring the Philadelphia 
 editors to service, and one of them, 
 Herbert Welsh, wrote: 
 
 •Dr. Edward 1'.. Hale, tliat knight-errant 
 of ali things Rocul. and especially of prom- 
 
THE PEACE MOrEMEXT L\ BOSTOX. 
 
 ising causes in present need of a defender, 
 stepped into our editor's room last Mon- 
 day morning with a word in behalf of a 
 project to which he is devoting several 
 months of his invaluable lime. Dr. Hale, 
 as everybody knows, is a lifelong re- 
 former and enthusiast: but he does not 
 suggest or press on their course things 
 chrmerical or that are without practical 
 value. It is said of him that he has ini- 
 tiated or lent a hand to more good causes 
 than any living man. and we can v.'ell 
 credit the assertion. He is working now, 
 in the evening of a long and most fruit- 
 ful life v/ith all the enthusiasm of you.h. 
 and with a superb negli.gence of hunself. 
 for a great project lluit is just as sure lo 
 come as the twentieth century dawns— the 
 establishment of an international law- 
 court Just as certain as that the reign oi 
 law has spread its blessed influence over 
 re"-ions of human activity once dark and 
 bloody with unchristian strife and discord 
 is it that ultimately it will enter and con- 
 trol this last refuge of anarchy. The signs 
 are evident that reason and justice and 
 law will in this international realm sup- 
 plant the awful arbiter that now deter- 
 mines tuo many national disputes and 
 crushes to the earth whole peoples by die 
 weight of military preparation. But Dr. 
 Hale wants to bring that happy day to the 
 v.'orld sooner than it will come if he and 
 others stay foolishly content with the 
 ' present. It is a day that he may not and 
 probably will not, live to see. Ail the 
 finer then, is the picture of this grand old 
 nian' at a time of life when most of us lose 
 faith in the future, or at least wish to be 
 free from its burdens, serenely putting on 
 his harness afresh in the service of a great 
 cause. Dr. Hale's example ought to make 
 some strong men in this city feel very 
 much ashamed of their infidelity to good 
 causes, and of the misuse or lack oi use 
 of great talents and opportunities. But 
 where he leads surely there will be many 
 to follow; many wlio, like him, though 
 loyal citizens of the United States, are m 
 this respect willing to render obedience to 
 the authority of the Russian Czar in trying 
 to advance the sway of peace and law be- 
 tween nations. The cause which Dr. Hale 
 represents is certainly as hopeful as that 
 of antislaverv seemed to be in Eng- 
 land when Wilberforce. or in the United 
 States when Garrison and Phillips, fa-st 
 advocated it. We wish Dr. Hale success 
 in his pilgrimage, and we believe there are 
 thousands among us who will esteem it a 
 great honor to help him win it." 
 
 It was a beautiftil fatality by which 
 Cliorley's great peace hymn was set 
 
 )ears ago, and is still, we ilimk, com- 
 monly sting-, as it was sung at the 
 opening of the first Boston peac( 
 niceting, to the music of the Russiav 
 Ilvmn. For we cannot forget that i 
 is 'to Russia thai we owe the inspira 
 tion of the great peace movemen 
 vrhicli is now sweeping over th( 
 worKl. It is not the only thing tha 
 civihzation owes to Russia in this time 
 Deep in the Russian nature, deej 
 withni this great people pusliing it: 
 wav up from barbarism and tyranny 
 to 'freedom and civihty, there seem; 
 to I:e a strenuous and superb ideahsm 
 111 that most nefarious and mischiev 
 oris of poems, "The Truce witl 
 trie Bear," Kiphng has sought t( 
 slrengthen in the EngHsh world : 
 fundamental distrust of the Russiai 
 ])cople. Russia is a treacherous bear 
 a bear trying to act like a man, bu 
 doing it 'treacherously, for a bear' 
 purposes. We may perhaps at thi 
 time fairly ask ourselves the question 
 v.l-.ich is in tlie more hopeful condi 
 tion, a bear that is trying to act lik 
 a man or a man that is trying to ac 
 like a bear. But we will not press th^ 
 question. This at any rate is true 
 tiiat the three men who in this tim^ 
 liave done the greatest service for th. 
 world's greatest cause are all of then 
 Russians,— Tolstoi, Verestchagin anc 
 now the Czar. Of the Czar's sincer 
 itv and deep earnestness in his pro 
 posals looking towards disarmamen 
 and the permanent peace of nation 
 there can be no doubt in sane an< 
 noble minds ; and those proposals ar 
 of a character likely to give them ai 
 epoch-making place in history. O 
 the sincere and earnest purpose of th 
 Czar, as of his sagacity and farsight 
 cdness, we have noteworthy assur 
 ance at this moment in the words o 
 our returning ambassador, Mr. Hitch 
 cock; and the countrymen of Mi 
 Kipling — Englishmen and American 
 alike are now his loving countrymei 
 — will remember how clearly Glad 
 stone saw that the habit of distrust c 
 Russia was an insanity with English 
 men, the most mischievous insanit 
 
/ 
 
 THE PEACH MOJ'EMENT !N Hi'STOX 
 
 in inodeni liuropcan politics, and liow 
 sedulously he sought during the last 
 thirty years of his hfe to renioye it. 
 Earnest and sincere or not, the Czar's 
 proposals are a call, and in response 
 to that call the representatives of all 
 the nations of Christendom v/iil as- 
 semble in a conference which neither 
 Russia nor any other power can 
 dominate, for free consideration (<i the 
 world's greatest cu rsr and greatest 
 hope. 
 
 The curse of militarism rests like a 
 paralysis upon every nation of En- 
 rope. England may feel it least, but 
 how appallingly England feels it ap- 
 peared in the discussion o\ the army 
 and navy budget in Parliament on the 
 very Saturday before the first Boston 
 Monday meeting. Two hundred and 
 forty million dollars was the estimate 
 for British army and navy expenses 
 for the next fiscal year. "You can't 
 keep up a splendid empire for 
 nothing," said Mr. Balfom", defending 
 the appropriations. The treasury is 
 at its wit's ends to devise fruitful forms 
 of taxation, a tax even upon wheat and 
 sugar, the staffs of life, being now 
 meditated. The "bread tax" the 
 newspapers begin to talk about. 
 * 
 
 America, however, does not have to 
 cast her eyes across the sea to point 
 morals upon the curse of militarism. 
 It is a curse which threatens our- 
 selves; the man who does not see it 
 and is not spurred as an American and 
 a lover of America to new devotion to 
 the rational organization of the world 
 is a fool and blind. Ideas and stand- 
 ards are confessed and are gaining 
 headway in great circles of our people 
 from which a year ago every man 
 would have shrunk. Good men think 
 various thoughts about the recent war 
 with Spain. The President, the Sec- 
 retary of State, and our Minister to 
 Si)ain all felt it, as all have told us 
 frankly, to be wholly unnecessary; 
 tk.at had the politicians and tlie people 
 
 vxercised a reasonable patience and 
 self-control, everything which we de- 
 manded and in the name of humanity 
 had a right to demand could have 
 ijcen secured peacefully instead of by 
 the horrors of battle and the waste uf 
 half a billion dollars. Other men 
 think the war was inevitable. But 
 til ink variously as men may about the 
 recent war \vith Si)ain, it is hard to 
 bce how any American can look upon 
 our present war with the people of the 
 Philippines save with melancholy, 
 horror and shame. Claiming to de- 
 sire to h.clp these people to independ- 
 ence and self-government, we have 
 rutlilessly mowed down and broken 
 the prestige and the ])ower of that 
 ])ody of the people which alone had 
 vitality and capacity to develop self- 
 government, which had waged long 
 and heroic resistance to the Spanish 
 oppression, and had demonstrated or- 
 ganizing talent of an order which 
 commanded tlie respect and confi- 
 dence of every democratic man. It is 
 llie blackest blot upon the pages Oi 
 (var history; and the American who, 
 seeing it in white light, does not de- 
 nounce it as a crime is not a patriot, 
 not true to the republic and its ideals. 
 The President has just declared in 
 Boston that no instinct of imperialism 
 lurks in the American heart. Yet 
 .even as we write, the chairman of the 
 Congressional Committee on Appro- 
 priations, reporting how we have 
 spent our half billion in the war, pub- 
 licly repudiates for himself, and ven- 
 tures the prediction that the next 
 Congress will repudiate, the Presi- 
 dent's professed idea of giving the 
 people of the Philippines the inde- 
 pendence they desire. "We could not 
 if v.-e would," he says, "and we would 
 not if we could, part with the terri- 
 tories acquired from Spain." This 
 means one of two thines — that 
 v/e shall incorporate these territories 
 into the republic or that we shall hold 
 them subject to the republic. This 
 last is "imperialism." There is no 
 need to deal with the term gingerly ; 
 it simply means dominion over a 
 
77//: J'R.ICE MOl'EMENT IN r>OSTON. 
 
 people whom we deny self-govern- 
 ment — like the dominion of England 
 in India ; it makes no difference 
 whether the "imperialism" is exer- 
 cised by an empire, a kingdom, or a 
 republic, it is the same denial of self- 
 government to a people. The Presi- 
 dent protests tliat no thought of it 
 lurks in the American lieart ; but the 
 undeniable fact is that it is already on 
 thousands of American lips, and 
 worse things \';ith it. The most influ- 
 ential newspaper in New England, 
 which not a year ago execrated such 
 doctrine, has recently declared tliat, 
 remembering the struggles of the 
 Poles, the Plungarians and the Irish, 
 and our own struggle a hundred years 
 ago, we cannot but understand and 
 sympathize with the Philippine people 
 in their struggle for independence, but 
 that since tliis is counter to our inter- 
 ests w-e .m.ust suppress it. The same 
 journal has also gone on to declare 
 that, if the partition of China by the 
 powers of Europe seems at any time 
 imminent, we must not fail to be party 
 to it, from the vantage ground of the 
 conquered Philippines, and to seize 
 our share, which share would be a 
 territory with seventy million people. 
 This doctrine does not simply "lurk in 
 the heart," but is openly proclaimed 
 in the home of Samuel Adams and 
 Charles Sumner ; and there is prob- 
 ably no other section of America 
 where it is not proclaimed more. It 
 is fatuous to deny these things ; it is 
 our duty to meet them like men. It is 
 most fatuous of all not to see that 
 what has given license and momen- 
 tum to doctrines so opposed to the 
 spirit of our American republic and 
 to what we have all hitherto agreed to 
 praise is the militarism of the year and 
 the "headiness" resulting from spec- 
 tacular and easily successful war. A 
 year ago there was not a senator at 
 Washington nor a boy in thc^ schools 
 who would not, as matter of course, 
 have referred to the partition of Po- 
 land a century ago, by the powers 
 v.'hich preyed upon her, as a colossal 
 crime. If it shall by and by appear 
 
 that, with phrases against "imperial 
 ism" and professions of zeal for self 
 government on the lip, the govern 
 ment of this republic is really servinj. 
 the progranmie of militarism and seiz 
 ure and subjugation, permitting thi: 
 America to swing into line with tin 
 hoary iniquities of the past,^ the his 
 torian of a century lience must sum 
 mon stronger v.ords than those whicl 
 have served for the crime against Po 
 land to characterize our crime; for wi 
 shall have sinned against greater ligh 
 and have betrayed a greater trust 
 And in this thing let every one of U; 
 remember that plain word of Hose; 
 Eiglo">\'s : 
 
 "Guv'ment ain't to answer for it; 
 God '11 send the bill to j'ou." 
 
 For in a republic, "the government' 
 is what we let it be. "We, the peopl 
 of the United States," are the govern 
 ment of the government; and we, th 
 people, must ultimately bear th 
 
 praise or blame. 
 
 * 
 * * 
 
 For our own part, we have faith ii 
 the American people and that their re 
 turning sobriety and common sens( 
 to say nothing of their nobility, wil 
 quickly check the militarism whic 
 for the moment has got rein and im 
 pulse. The sharp criticism in Con 
 gress itself of the army and navy bill; 
 and the considerable reduction of th 
 estimates and proposals, is one sign c 
 the returning sobriety ; and the laugl 
 ter at Cecil Rhodes's sober propos 
 tion that we should subjugate an 
 annex South America is anothe' 
 Laughter at such things will help o 
 laughter, and shame as well, at prop 
 ositions not quite so swollen. We b( 
 lieve that no political party will eve 
 venture to face the American peopl 
 in a general election with a pre 
 gramme of militarism. We believ 
 that the popular heart will respond t 
 the call which now goes forth for sei 
 vice in the cause of peace and the oi 
 ganization of the world ; and we ma 
 remember with encouragement thj 
 
THE PEACE MOVEMENT IN BOSTON. 
 
 the same call, which is now waking so 
 marvellous a response in England, 
 found England also in a spasm of 
 military revival, jingoism and impe- 
 rialism. 
 
 The duty of America to fvov/n upon 
 military policies and the military spirit 
 is peculiar. America in truth holds 
 the key to the situation. John liright 
 pointed this out clearly in a Fourth 
 of July speech twenty years ago. 
 America, not burdened by taxes for 
 the support of great armies and 
 navies, was free to devote all her re- 
 sources and energies to the develop- 
 ment of her industries. This gave her 
 an incalculable advantage over the 
 burdened countries of Europe, an ad- 
 vantage which every one of them was 
 feeling keenly. Let her maintain this 
 advantage in the industrial competi- 
 tion, and they would all soon be 
 breed to disarmament for sheer econ- 
 omy and self-protection. Did not the 
 -eccnt word of Prince Radziwill, a 
 vvord so nervously explained away, 
 mean the same thing? It cannot be 
 :hat America will recklessly abandon 
 1 position in which she can steadily 
 ;onmiand the world to peace and elfi- 
 ;ient industrial organization, and con- 
 sent to meet old tyrannies on their 
 Dwn terms and in their service. 
 
 Half a century ago, Charles Sum- 
 ler, speaking in Tremont Temple, 
 :old America, in words never to be 
 •orgotten nor escaped, wherein lies 
 :he true grandeur of nations. In 
 Sumner's Massachusetts, from Sum- 
 ner's time to George E. Hoar's, the 
 ^reat leaders of the peoi)lc have been 
 Tue to Sumner's gospel. We believe 
 :hat the people of Massachusetts and 
 Mew England and th.e country will be 
 true to it to-day as they hear the call 
 io make themselves felt in the^ great 
 movement which is shaking Europe 
 and which promises to do more than 
 my other movement in history to has- 
 
 ten llie tin-.e u'hen llie swords shall bi 
 beaten into ploughshares. 
 
 We said that the great cause had 
 found voice in Boston, and had also 
 fiiund a book. It is a singular good 
 t'urlune by v/hich at this precise mo- 
 ment appears Dr. Trueblood's book 
 on "The Eederalion of the World." 
 Dr. 'J^-ueblood's services in .Vmerica 
 for tlie cause of peace and interna- 
 tional fraternity have been inmiense. 
 "The xAdvocate of Peace," which he 
 ■edits with such distinguished ability, 
 ought to be every month on the table 
 of everv thoughtful man in the coun- 
 try, whatever else is tlicrc or is not 
 there. His pami)hlcts on ihc history 
 i.f arbitration and related subjects are 
 tlie best which there are. No other 
 translation of Kant's "Eternal Peace" 
 is so good as his. But in this little 
 book (Houghton, Mifflin and Com- 
 pany, Boston, ipi.oo) he covers the 
 vvhole ground in brief. The ten chap- 
 ters treat: The Solidarity of Human- 
 ity, Solidarity Unrealized, The Causes 
 of the Disunity, The Development of 
 the War System, The Influence of 
 Christianity in restoring the Federa- 
 tive Principle, War EtViically Wrong, 
 War Anti-Federative, The New 
 World Society, The Growing Tri- 
 umph of Arbitmtion, and The United 
 States of the World. An appendix 
 contains the Czar's rescript, calling for 
 the conference on reduction of arma- 
 ments ; and seven pages are given to 
 a bibliography of the .most important 
 publications relating to the federa- 
 tion of the world. We wish that it 
 were po.ssible to illustrate here, by 
 passages from successive cha])tcrs, the 
 broad range, the wisdom and the vi- 
 tality of this timely book ; but this is 
 iu)l ' here possible. One pregnant 
 passage from the striking chapter on 
 "TheX^nited States of the World" we 
 give, as an interesting forecast of the 
 steps by which the 'better organiza- 
 tion of the world may ultimately come 
 about: 
 
niR PEACE MOrEMENT L\^ BOSTON. 
 
 7 
 
 \long what lines the movement toward 
 , general world government will take 
 Pidce it is not easy to forecast, except in a 
 general way. Two or three courses are 
 open, any one or all of which may be fol- 
 lowed. The United States of America may 
 in ii.i..^' become really such. The very 
 ...-me seems to be prophetic. Canada. 
 ]\Iexico and Central America may some 
 day, of their own accord, ask to be admit- 
 ted into a federal union v/ith the United 
 States. In time a great South American 
 republic of republics may be formed, 
 through some movement or groups of 
 movements akin lo that already taking 
 place among the Central American states 
 and the British Australian colonies. Then 
 may follow --^ federation of the tv.-o Amer- 
 ican continentb. The United Stales of Eu- 
 rope, so long dreamed of and written of 
 by European reformers, seem to-day but 
 the shadow of a name; but whoever rc- 
 membe.* the history of the consolidation 
 of France, or Italy, or Germany, or the 
 still more remarkable history of the con- 
 solidation of the owiss cantons composed 
 of peoples of diiTerent races, speaking dif- 
 ferent 'anguages, into a coherent national 
 federati>m. will not say that a United 
 States of Europe is an impossibility. On 
 the I mtrary, the whole course of the mod- 
 ern history of nation-building foreshadows 
 a European federat-ion. The continent of 
 Asia liay some day have a like transfor- 
 mation; and that of Africa, too, renewed 
 at last by a Christian civilization; and that 
 of Australia before either of them, if one 
 may judge from the federative tendencies 
 already showing themselves between the 
 colonies there. If this should prove to be 
 the way in which the world state is to 
 work itself out, the islands of the sea will 
 group themselves in with the continental 
 federations where they naturally belong 
 At last these continental federations will 
 flow together into a great world federa- 
 tion, the final political destiny of human- 
 ity, where all the larger hopes of love and 
 fellowship, of peace and happy prosperity 
 lie. I do not pretend to assert that the 
 actual order of movement will be as here 
 outlined, but only that this is a possible, 
 perhaps a probable order in which the 
 federation of the world v/ill come, at least 
 in part. This forecast is in harmony with 
 actual historic processes now working, and 
 having for generations worked, at several 
 points in civilized society. 
 
 "Another course is possible. A great 
 racial federation, as of the Anglo-Saxon 
 people, may come first, with its centres of 
 agglomeration in all parts of the world, 
 which will gather to itself by an irresistible 
 moral gravitation all other peoples. Ra- 
 cial federation is already playing its part 
 very powerfully in the processes of civiliza- 
 tion. Several races, it is true, are exhib- 
 
 iting, in greater or less degree, kindred 
 phenomena. But racial distinctions are in 
 many respects beginning to break down, 
 because of the intermingling of peoples in 
 all quarters of the globe. What may be 
 styled the universal human characteristics, 
 those belonging to the one race of man 
 lying at the basis of all sub-races, are 
 d'e-ti'.ied ihu? more and more to come to 
 the front as against those which have 
 marked ofif one portion of mankind from 
 another. That race, whichever it may 
 prove to be, which develops these general 
 human characteristics most fully and most 
 rapidly, and throws off most completely all 
 tl-.at is advenriiious and unessential, will, 
 in the nature of the case, prove to be the 
 nucleus or furnish the nuclei about which 
 civilization in all parts of the world will 
 crvstalHze. Men will not care at last by 
 what racial name they are called, or what 
 language thev speak, provided their high- 
 est interests of every kind are served. They 
 will feel it more noble to be men and to 
 soeak the one universal language of men 
 than to be Englishmen or Germans or 
 Frenchmen, and to speak any of these 
 great tongues. Whatever race shall prove 
 itself fittest to lead in this federative 
 process, whether the Anglo-Saxon, as now 
 ■seems possible, or some other, will itself be 
 modified, purified and strengthened for its 
 work as the final world race by what it 
 receives from the races which it draws to 
 itself, and even from those which through 
 weakness shall finally be eliminated." 
 
 Dr. Trueblood's book is the book of 
 books for the crtisade which is now 
 being- inatts^ttrated amon^ us ; and it 
 shottkl be circulated by the thousands. 
 It is a book of hope and confidence. 
 x'Vfter ah the long- and dark survey of 
 history and sober estimate of present 
 facts, the last word is the word of one 
 to whom the federation of the world 
 is already in sight; and we can close 
 with no better word: "The great idea 
 of a world federation in some form has 
 gotten clearly into men's minds. It is 
 too powerful, too attractive and in- 
 spiring to be resisted. All obstacles 
 to its realization will be broken down, 
 if not to-morrow, then afterwards. 
 Hov/ soon, will depend largely on the 
 purpose, the intelligence, the heart, 
 which those already possessed of the 
 great idea shall put into the work oi 
 reconstructing and reorganizing hu- 
 manitv on a world basis." 
 
ORGANIZE THE WORLD. 
 
 KANT'S -'ETERNAL PEACEr 
 
 CHARLES SUMNER'S MORE' EXCEL- 
 LENT WAY. 
 
 By I<:i)\viN D. Mead. Three Tracts in behalf of 
 permanent peace. 3 cents per copy, $1.50 per 
 hundred copies, $10 per thousand. Peace Crusade 
 Coininitkw i Beacon Street, Boston. 
 
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 It is made in compliance with copyright law 
 and produced on acid-free archival 
 
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 which meets the requirements of 
 
 ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 
 
 Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials 
 
 Preservation photocopying 
 
 by 
 
 The University of Connecticut Libraries 
 
 Preservation Department 
 
 2001 
 
 of Conjiccticut 
 ibfanes ;. 
 
University of 
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