Please andle this volume with care. ? University of Connecticut Libraries, Storrs 153 DlDSSlEfl 3 p. AND, MCNALLY & CO.'S -.i^ im POCKET ATLAS CONTAINING COLORED. COUNTY MAPS OF ALL STATES AXD TERRITORIES IN THE UNITED STATES, AND THE PROVINCES OF THE DOMi:N'IO]Sr OF CANADA, TOGETHER WITH Descriptive, Statistical, axd Historical MATTER PERTAINING TO EACH, AND INDEXED LISTS OF THEIR COUNTIES, GIVING AREA AND POPULATION; COLORED SKELETON MAPS OF TFIE CONTINENTS, SHOWING ' ALL COUNTRIES OF THE ^o WORLD, ^ ACC03IPANIED BY STATISTICAL MATTER REGARDING THE COUNTRIES AND THEIR PRINCIPAL CITIES. CHICAGO AND NEW YORK : RAND, McNALLY & CO., PUBLISHERS. 1893. Copyright, 1892, by Rand, McNally & Co. Copyright, 1893, by Rand, McNally & Co. mTRODUCTION. Realizing the demand, on the part of the public, for an Atlas which shall give, in a conveniently small size, and at a nominal cost, all the salient geo- graphical, statistical, and descriptive items of information usually found in larger and more expensive works of this nature, the publishers have, at con- siderable outlay, prepared this NEW POCKET ATLAS, and confidently submit the result of their labors to the critical judgment of their patrons. A separate Map, either single or double page, accompanied by one or two pages of reading matter, is devoted to each State and Territory in the United States, and to each Province of the Dominion of Canada. The maps are colored by counties, and, while perfectly clear and legible, show a wonderful amount of detail. They are revised up to the date of issue, and show every railroad in operation and all towns of any importance, the county seats being designated by special heavy-faced type. The reading matter is so arranged under sub-heads as to make it easy to locate, at a glance, any particular subject. It contains a brief historical sketch; all important data regarding area and population, physical and climatic features, and the principal cities; statistics pertaining to agricultural and mineral resources, the manufactures, com- merce, trade, and transportation; a review of the educational system, the most important State institutions, and, finally, a synopsis of the principal constitutional and legal features. To all this is added an alphabetical list of the counties with their area and population, and so indexed that any county can readily be located on the respective map. There is not a page in the Atlas which was not especially compiled and prepared for it. Every item is either directly based upon the census reports of 1890, or, when a subject is not covered by them, upon the best obtainable data. The information is of such an extent that it is, in fact, a Pocket Encyclopedia of the United States and Canada, which the publishers con- fidently place before the reader, infinitely enhanced in value by the maps. Recognizing the fact that a similar amount of detailed information regard- ing foreign countries would have enlarged the volume far beyond its necessary limit, a system of skeleton maps has been devised, showing, in a remarkably plain way, their political divisions and chief cities. These skeleton maps are accompanied by tabulated statistics concerning all countries, their capitals and largest cities, and principal articles of export and import. The POCKET ATLAS which the publishers issued on the basis of the tenth census, that of 1880, met with such approval that many millions of it were sold. Enlarging greatly its scope, while maintaining its general plan, they believe that in the present volume they have succeeded in offering to the public the best and most comprehensive work of its kind. RAND, McNALLY & CO., CHICAGO AND NEW YORK. explajstatio]:^. The index letter and figure following the name of a county, in the list given for every State and Territory, refer to that point on the map at which lines, if drawn between the respective marginal letters and figures, would cross each other. For example, to find " Cook County, B-5," let the diagram below represent the map; Cook County is found near the crossing of lines B-B and 5-5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A A B ^ r\ B A ^■h D D E E F F G G 1 2 3 4 5 6 In the list of principal cities given with each continent, the capitals of all couni ries are designated by special heavy-faced type. TABLE OF COXTENTS. PAGES. Abyssinia 170, 171 AfiJ:liauistar 168, 1(39 Africa 170, 171 Alabama 08, 59 Alaska 146, 147 Algeria 170, 171 Andorra 166, 167 Argentine Republic 164, 165 Arizona 1 84, 155 Arkansas 101-103 Asia 168, 169 Austria-Hungary 166, 167 Bahamas 162, 163 Barbados 163, 163 Belgium 166, 167 Bermuda 162, 163 Bhotan 168, 169 Bismarck Archipelago 172, 173 Bolivia... 164, 165 Brazil 164, 165 British Columbia 150, 151 Bulgaria 166, 167 California 136-139 Canada, Dominion of 148-160 Cape of Good Hope 170, 171 Ce3ion 168, 169 Chile 164, 165 China.. 168, 169 Colombia 164, 165 Colorado '..... 130, 131 Connecticut 26, 27 Costa Rica 162, 163 Cuba 162, 163 Delaware 38, 39 Denmark 166, 167 District of Columbia 40, 42 Butch East Indies 168, 169 Ecuador 164, 165 Egypt 170, 171 Europe 166, 167 Fiji Islands 172, 173 Florida 55-57 France 166, 167 Free State of East Africa 170, 171 PAGES. French India 168, 169 French Indo-China 168, 169 Frencli Kongo 1 TO, 171 Georgia 52-54 German East Africa 170, 171 Germany 166, 167 Great Britain and Ireland 166, 167 Greece 166, 167 Guatemala 162, 163 Guiana, British 164, 165 Guiana, Dutch 164, 165 Guiana, French 164, 165 Haiti 162, 163 Hawaii 172, 173 Honduras 162, 163 Honduras, British 162, 163 Hongkong 168, 169 Idaho 124, 125 Illinois 78-81 India 168, 169 Indiana 74-77 Indian Territory. 108, 109 Iowa 94-97 Italy 166, 167 Jamaica 162, 163 Japan. 168, 169 Kaiser Wilhelm's Land 172, 173 Kamerun 170. 171 Kansas 110-113 Kentucky 66-69 Kongo Free State 170, 171 Korea... 168, 169 Labrador 149, 162 Liberia 170, 171 Louisiana . . 62, 63 Luxemburg 166, 167 Madagascar 170, 171 Maine^. 16, 17 Manitoba. 150, 151 Marshall Islands. 172, 173 Maryland 40, 41 Massachusetts 22, 23 Mexico 162, 163 Michisran 82-85 10 RAND. McNALLY & CO.'S TABLE OF CONTENTS— Continued. PAGES. Minnesota 90-93 Mississippi _ 60, 61 Missouri 98-101 Monaco 166, 167 Montana . - 122, 123 Montenegro 166, 167 Morocco 170, 171 Natal 170, 171 Nebraska .--.. 114-117 Nepal 168, 169 Netherlands (The) 166, 167 Nevada 140, 141 New Brunswick 158-160 New Caledonia 172, 173 Newfoundland 149 162 New Guinea 172, 178 New Hampshire 18, 19 New Hebrides 172, 178 New Jersey 32,83 New Mexico 132, 133 New South Wales. 172. 173 New York 28-31 New Zealand 172, 173 Nicaragua 162, 168 Niger Territories 170, 171 North America 162, 163 North Carolina 48-50 North Dakota - 120, 121 Northwest Territories 150, 151 Norway 166, 167 Nova Scotia 158-160 Oceania 172, 173 Ohio 70-73 Oklahoma 108, 109 Oman 168, 169 Ontario 152-154 Orange Free State 170, 171 Oregon 142, 143 Paraguay 164, 165 Pennsylvania 34-37 Persia ._ 168, 169 Peru 164, 165 Philippine Islands 168, 169 Portugal 166, 167 Portuguese West Africa 170, 171 Prince Edward Island 158-160 Puerto Rico 162, 163 Quebec 155-157 PAGES. Queensland 172, 173 Rhode Island. 24, 25 Roumania 166, 167 Russia 166, 167 Russia, Asiatic 168, 169 Salvador 162, 163 Samoa 172, 173 Samos 168, 169 San Marino.. 166, 167 Santo Domingo 162, 163 Senegal 170, 171 Servia 166, 167 Siam 168, 169 Sierra Leone • 170, 171 Society Islands 172, 173 Solomon Islands 172, 178 South African Republic. 170, 171 South America _ 164, 165 South Australia 172, 173 South Carolina 50, 51 South Dakota 118, 119 Spain. 166, 167 Sweden 166, 167 Switzerland 166, 167 Tasmania 172, 173 Tennessee 64-66 Texas 104-107 Togoland 170, 171 Tonga Islands 172, 173 Tripoli 170, 171 Tunis 170, 171 Turkey. 166, 167 Turkey in Asia. 168. 169 United States 11-147 United States, Population of the Principal Cities 15 Uruguay 164, 165 Utah 128, 139 Venezuela . 164, 165 Vermont 20, 21 Victoria 172. 173 Virginia 42-45 Washington 144, 145 Western Australia 172, 173 West Virginia 46, 47 Wisconsin 86-89 WyomiDg 126, 137 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 11 UNITED STATES. HISTORICAIi. — A republic comprising the central portion of North America and the Territory of Alaska in the extreme northwest. It consists of 44 States, the Federal District, and 6 Territories. Title to the national domain was acquired through the Revolution of 1776, and the confirmation and recognition by Great Britain, at the Treaty of Paris, 1783. of the Inde- pendence of the United States, and through the Louisiana purchase of 1803; the purchase from Spain of the East and West Floridas, 1819; the annexation of Texas, 1845; treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848; the Gadsden pur- chase of 1853, and the purchase from Russia of Alaska, 1867. The cost of territorial exten- sion has been $69,450,000. AREA, ETC. — Total area, exciusive of Alaska, 3,025,600 square miles; land surface, 2,970,000 square miles; Avater, 55,600 square miles; extreme length, from Atlantic to Pacific, 2,760 miles; greatest breadth, north and south, 1,600 miles. United States frontier over 11,000 miles— 3,500 miles sea coast, 1,600 miles gulf coast, 1,500 lake coast; land front- ier about 4,880 miles. Greatest elevation, over 18,000 feet. Center of area, excluding Alaska, is in Northern Kansas; approximate latitude, 39° 55'; longitude, 98° 50' ; about three-fourths of a degi'ee north and over 13° weet of the center of population. POPUL.'VTION.— In 1624 there was an im- migration to the colonies of 9,000; in 1649 the population of the colonies numbered 15,000; 1689, 200.000; 1715, 434,600; 173:3, 750,000; popu- lation of United States, 1776, 2,243,000; 1790, 3,929,214; 1800, 5,308,48:3; 1810, 7,2:39,881; 1820, 9,633,822; 1830, 12.866,020; 1840, 17,069,453; 1850, 2:3,191,876; 1860, 31,443,321; 1870, :38,900,898; 1880, 50,155,783; 1890,62,622,250. Classification: Male, 32,067,880; female, 30,5.54,;370; native, .53,:372,703; foreign, 9,249,547; white, 54,983,8VK); colored, 7,638,360— Africans, 7,470,040; Chinese, 107,475; Japanese, 2,039 ; Indians, 58 .806. Center of popu- lation is near Greensburg, Decatur Co. . Indiana. Latitude, ;39° 11' 56"; longitude, 85° 32' 53". PRINCIPAL CITIES. — New York, the commercial metropolis and largest city; Chi- cago, the metropolis of the West, second in size; Philadelphia ranks third, and Brooklyn fourth; St. Louis, the commercial center of the middle Mississippi Vallej\ is fifth in im- portance; San Francisco, the most important commercial point on the Pacific Coast, ranks eighth; New Orleans, the chief city of the Gulf States, ran vS twelfth. URBAN POPULATION. —The urban population in 1890 was 18,2.35,670, or 29.12 per cent of total population. North Atlantic Div- ision contained 49.22 per cent of total urban population; South Atlantic, 779 per cent; North Central, 31.76 per cent: -South Central, 6.29 per cent; Western, 4.94 per cent. In 1790, six cities had a population of more than 8.000, number increased to 286 in 1880, and 443 in 1890. In 1880 but one citj' had a population in excess of 1,000.000, in 1890 there were three. In 1870, fourteen cities each had 100,000 or more inhabitants: number increased to twenty I in 1880, and twenty-eight in 1890. AGRICULTURE — Agriculture holds the first place among the national industries. Total value of all exports, 1890, $872,270,283; of this sum agricultm-al pi-oducts furnished $642,- 751,000. Principal staples, the cereals, cotton, tobacco, sugar, hay, and potatoes. Ai'ea and yield of principal cereals, 1891 : Corn, 76.204,515 acres, yield, 2,060,154,000 bushels; wheat, 39,- 916,897 acres, 611,780,000 bvishels; oats, 25.581,- 861 acres, 738,:394,0O0 bushels. Cotton, 19,580, 617 acres, 8,674.000 bales. Latest returns give area under tobacco, 692.990 acres, yield, 488,- 255,896 pounds; sugar, 508,680,000 pounds; mo- lasses, 29,200,000 gallons; hay, 38,591,903 acres, 46,643.094 tons; potatoes, 2,533,280 acres, 202,- 365-000 bushels. HORTICULTURE — Fruit culture is an important interest. All varieties of the tem- perate zone are usually produced in abund- ance in the central and northern sections; the tropical and semi-tropical fruits are cultivated only in the warmest parts. Grape culture has become a profitable industrj' ; area under vineyards, 1889, 401,261 acres— 307,575 acres bearing vines; grapes sold for table use, 267.271 tons; to wineries, 304,868 tons; wine made, 24,;306,905 gallons; raisins produced, 1.372.195 boxes. There are 271,428 acres under tropic and semi-tropic fruits and nuts; total value of product, 1889, $14,116,226, of which $6,602,099 represented the value of oranges. LIVE STOCK — Between 1881 and 1891 live stock on farms increased from 130,969,581 to 169,216 813. Number of horses, 1891, 15,498.140; mules, 2,314,699; milch cows, 16,416,3.51: oxen and other cattle, 37,651,2:39; sheep, 44,938,365; swine, 52,398,019. Increase in exports of cattle and meat has been enormous. Fresh meat ship- ments in refrigerator ships first made in 1877. Total quantity of all beef products shipped in 1877, 179,8:38,946 pounds— tallow, 91,472,803 pounds— value $1.5,387,091; shipments, 1891, 507,229,428 pounds— tallow, 111,689,2.=)1 pounds- value $35,088,315. Number of beeves exported in 1877, 50,001, value $1,593,080; 1891, 374,679, value $30,445,249. Exports of bacon, hams, etc., 1881, 854,872,6:31 pounds, value $69,433,490; 1891, 681,221,904 pounds, value $50,494,375: lard, 1881, 378,142,496, value $35,226,575; 1891, 498,- 343,927, S:34,414,:323. Number hogs exported, 1881. 77.456; 1891, 95.6.54. MINERALS.— The mining interests are large and varied. Total value of aU mineral products in 1889, $587,230,662, an increase dvir- ing the decade of $217,911,662. United States furnishes a large proportion of the world's supply of gold and silver. Value of the total product from 1792 to 1890: Gold, $1,872,593,513; silver, $999,527,702: value of product 1890, gold, $;32,845,000; silver, $70,464,645. Iron ore is mined in nearly all the States; quantity pro- duced in 1889, 14,518,041 long tons, value $33,- 351,978; 1880, 7,120.362 tons, value $2.3,156,957. United States the largest copper producer in the world; product of mines, 1890, 265,115,133 pounds, value $30,843.797 ; lead mining one of the great industries, output, 1889, 182,967 short tons, valued at $16,137,689; product of zinc mines, 58,860 short tons, value, $5,791,824; 12 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S \vlhbura . Statulf Ulles, . / ■ 22 M 100 JjO *- — ' ' ■ t-nudress ^\ ^ uaIio isrACADoS^'°°°^ J § \ "^icHta Fat Peco3 ^1%*^ rl^aiita Rjft ^— X y r \ A^^- r rLammzoi Hag f^0 Charleston, ►>. C 54,^5 Chattanooga, Tenn 29,100 Chelsea, Mass 2<,9(9 Chester, Pa 2(Vj6 Chicago, 111 I,4:«.oi0 Clncimmtl, Ohio 2%,:>-S Cleveland, Ohio 261,3.;>3 Cohoes, N. Y 22,509 Columbia, S. C 15,3.53 Columbus, Ga 1 <,303 Columbus, Ohio 88,1;>0 Concor.l, N. II IV^'I Council BlutTa, Iowa .... 21.4^4 Covington, K y 3 < ,b . I Dallas, Tex 88,0<>7 Danbury, Conn le,';:;^ Davenport, Iowa ''6,8'-' Dayton, Ohio 61,22u Decatur, 111 16,81 Denver, Colo 106,(13 Des Moines, Iowa 50,093 Detroit, Mich 205.8.6 Dubuque, Iowa 30,311 Dulutli, Minn 33,11:> East St. Louis, 111 15,169 Eau Claire, Wis 17,415 Elgin, 111 - — - n,823 Elizabeth, N. J 87,764 Elmira,N^.Y 30,893 Erie, Pa 40,6S4 Evansville, Ind 50,756 Fall River, Mass 74,398 Flndlav, Ohio 18,553 Fitchbiirg, Mass 22,037 Fort Wayne, Ind 35,393 Fort Worth, Tex 23,076 Galesburg, 111 15.264 Galveston, Tex 29,084 Gloucester, Mass 24.651 Grand Rapids, Mich 60,278 Hamilton, Ohio 17,565 Harrisburg, Pa 39,385 Hartford, Conn 53,230 Haverhill, Mass... 27,412 Hoboken, N. J 43,648 Holyoke, Mass 35,637 Cities. Pop. 1890. Houston, Tex. 27,557 Indianapolis, Ind 105,436 Jackson, Mich 20,798 Jackson, Tenn.. 10,039 Jacksonville, Fla 17,201 Jamestown, X. Y 16,038 Jersey City, N. J 163,003 Johnstown, Pa 21,805 Joliet, 111 23,264 Kalamazoo, Mich... 17,853 Kansas City, Kan 38,316 Kansas Citv, Mo 132,716 Key West, I'la 18,u80 Kingston.^. Y 21.261 Knoxville, Tenn 22,0*1 LaCrosoC, Wis 25,090 La Fayette, Ind 16,243 Lancaster, Pa 32,011 Lawrence, Mass 44,654 Leadville, Colo 10,384 Leavenworth, Kan 19,7(i8 Lebanon, Pa 14,tVj4 Lewiston, Me 21,7iil Lexington, Ky 21,567 Lima, Ohio 15.981 Lincoln, Neb 55,154 Lincoln, R. I.. 20,:^5 Little Rock, Ark 25,874 Lockport, N.Y 16,038 Long Island City, N. Y.. 30,506 Los Angeles, Cal 50,395 L()ulsvlll.',Ky 161,129 Lowell, Muss 77,696 Lynchburg, Va.. 19,709 Lynn, Mass 55,727 McKeesport, Pa 20,741 Macon, Ga 22.746 Madison. Wis 13, W! Maiden, Mass 23,031 Manchester, N. H 44,126 Memphis, Tenn 6-1,495 Merlden, Conn -. 21,652 Milwaukee, Wis 2tM,163 Minneapolis, Minn 164,738 Mobile, Ala 81.076 >i()ntgonu'ry, Ala 21,883 Muskegon, ^lich 22,702 Nashua, N. H 19,311 Nashville. Tenn 76,168 New Albanv. Ind 21,0n9 Newark, N.M 181,830 New Bedford. Mass 40, .33 New Brighton, N. Y 16,423 New Britain. Conn 19,007 New Brunswick, N. J. .. 18,a»3 Newburg. N.Y 23,087 New Haven, Conn 81,298 New Orleans, La 242,039 Newport, Ky 24,918 Newport, R. 1 19,lo« Newton, Mass 24,379 New York. N. Y 1,515,301 Norfolk, Va 34,871 North Adams, Mass 16,0.4 Northampton, Mass 14,990 Norristown, Pa 19,<91 Norwalk, Conn 1"'^^' Norwich, Conn 16.12.6 Oakland, Cal 48.682 Ogden, Utah 14,889 Omaha, Neb 140,452 Orange, N.J 18.844 Oshkosh, Wis 22,836 Oswego, N.Y.. 21,842 Ottumwa, Iowa I*'s9i Paterson, N. J <8,347 Pawtucket, R. 1 2<,^3 Peoria, 111 41,024 Cities. Pop. 1890. Petersburg, Va. 22,680 Philadelphia, Pa 1,046,964 Pittsburg, Pa 238,617 Pittsfield, Mass 17,281 Portland, Me 36.425 Portland, Ore 62,046 Pottsville, Pa. 14,117 Poughkeepsie, N. Y 22,206 Pro^^dence, R. I 132,146 Pueblo, Colo -.- 24,558 Quincy, 111 31,494 Qiiincy, Mass 16,723 Racine, Wis 21,014 Reading, Pa 58.661 Richmond, Ind 16,608 Richmond, Va 81,388 Roanoke, Va 16,159 Rochester, N. Y 133,896 Rockford, 111 23,.584 Rome, N.Y 14,991 Sacramento, Cal 26,386 Saginaw, Mich 46,322 Salem, Mass 30,801 Salt Lake, Utah 44,843 San Antonio. Tex 37,6.3 San Diego, Cal 16,159 Sanduskv, Ohio 18,471 San Francisco, Cal 298,997 San Jose, Cal 1S,060 Savannah, Ga 43,189 Sehencctadv, N. Y 19,902 Scranton. ?a ''5,215 Seattle, AVash 42,837 Sedalla.Mo 14,»->68 Shamokin, Pa 14,403 Shebovgan, Wis 16,359 Shenandoah, Pa.. 15,944 Sioux City, Iowa 3., 806 Somerville. Mass '**^'i « South Bend, Ind 21,819 Springliekl, 111 2-i,963 Springtteld, Mass i*'h^ Springfield, Mo 21,850 Sprlngfleld, Ohio 81,895 Spokane, Wash 19,922 St. Joseph, Mo 52,3^ St. Louis, Mo :.- 451,7(0 St. Paul, Minn ^'^'inn Stamford, Conn la.jOO Stockton, Cal 14,424 Syracuse, N. "i o2'An2 Tacoma.W'ash S^'^VS Taunton, Mass 2o,448 Terre Haute, Ind 30,21( Toledo, Ohio 81,434 Topeka, Kan 31,007 Trenton, N.J 57,«8 Troy, N.Y 60,%6 rtica,N.Y 44,007 Waco, Tex 14,445 Waltham, Mass 18,707 Warwick, R.I 3 '61 Washington, D. C 230,392 Waterbury, Conn 28,b46 Watertown.N.Y 14,(25 Wheeling, W. Va 84,522 Wichita, Kan 23,853 Wllkesbarre, Pa 37,(18 Williamsport.Pa 27,13^ Wilmington, Del 61,431 Wilmington, N. C 20,056 Winona, Minn 1^'oon Woonsocket, R. 1 20,830 Worcester, Mass 2^'X^o Yonkers,N. Y.-.- - 32,033 York, Pa 20.(93 Youngstown, Ohio ^'?H2 Zanes-iille, Ohio 21,009 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 17 MAINE. Man. "Pine Tree State." Signifies — "The Main" or "Mainland." HISTORICAL,.— Maine coast and rivers explored by French, 1604 and 1605. Territory fii-st called Acadia. Earliest settlement — by English— made 1607, at mouth of the Kennebec. Gorgiana (York) chartered 16:;i4. From 1652 to 1819, Maine was known as "District of Maine," governed by 3Iassachusetts. It was the tenth State to enter the Union, being ad- mitted March 15, 1820. AREA, ETC — 33,040 square miles; land, 20.895 square miles; water — one-tenth— 3,145 square miles. Extreme length of State, 300 miles; breadth, 210 miles; shore line, about 2,500 miles. Principal rivers, Penobscot, Ken- nebec, Androscoggin, Saco, St. Croix, Aroos- took, and St. John, latter drains 6,000.000 acres of i\[aine territory. Moosehead, the largest like, area, 120 square miles. Moimt Kahtadin, 5,385 feet, highest mountain in State. CLIMATE. — Temperature of Portland. Winter, 23° to 38° ; summer, 63° to 69°. High- est recorded temperature in State, 97°; lowest, —21°. Mean annual rainfall : Eastport, 49.25 inches; Portland, 42 68 inches. POPULATION. -Maine ranked eleventh in population in 1790, fourteenth in 1800 and 1810, twelfth in 1820 and 18:^0, thirteenth in 1840, sixteenth ir 18.50, twenty-second in 18»:0, twenty-third in h^TO, twenty-seventh in 188<3, and thirtieth in 1890. Total population 179 », 9(;,.540; 1800,151,719; 1810,228.705; 1820,298,2:9; 1H30, 399,455, 1840,501,793; 1»50, 583,169; 186'), 62S.279; 1870,626,915; 1880.648,936; 1890,661,086 Classification: Male, 332.590; female, 328,496: native, 582,125; foreign, 78,961; white, 6.59,263: colore.!, 1,823 — Africans, 1,190; Chinese, 73; Jjpanese. 1; Indiaps, .5.59. PRINCIPAL CITIES. —Portland, me- tropolis and chief seaport, population, ;36.42"); Lewiston, important manufacturing center, ranks second, population, 21.701 ; Bangor, ]iort of entry and a leading center of the lumber industry in the United States, population, 19,103; Biddeford ranks fourth, po(julation, 14,443; Auburn ranks fifth, population, 11 250; Augusta, thf> capital, population, 10,527. AGRTC ULTURAL — Among New England States, Maine ranks first in live stock. Total value of farm animals, 1892, $20,665,604. Horses lead in importance,' number 110,719; value, $9,860,299. In cereal productions Maine r.iuks second to Vermont. Most important agricultural crops, hay and potatoes. INDUSTRIES.— Among the most impor- tant are the lumber industries, fisheries, quar- ries, and cotton and woolen manufactures. Maine ranks next to Massachusetts in fisheries. State has 89 establishments, with a capital of $9,700,525. engaged in the wool industry. QUARRIES.— Maine ranks second in the production of granite; number quarries, 153; total product 1889, 6,701,346 cubic feet, value, $2,225,839; increase during past decade, 89 39 per cent. Ranks next to Pennsylvania and Vermont in slate; output, 43,500 squares of roofing slate, value, $214,000. In the value of all limestone products. State ranks sixth; in the manufacture of lime, leads all others; number of barrels of lime made, 1889, 1,903,639, value, $l,^23,499. RAILWAYS.— Maine had U miles of rail- way in 1840; 245, 1^50; 472, 1860; 521. 1865; 786, 1870; 980, 1875; 1.005. 1880; 1,1.35, 1885; 1,,338, 1890; l,;i83, 1891. One mile of railway to each 23.9 square miles. EDUCATION.— Number pupils enrolled in public schools, 139,679; text l)ooks furnished by all schools; school age, 4-21. Free high schools established in 1878. Bowdoin College, Brunswick, founded 179 1, number of students, 271 ; Colby Univei-sity, Waterville, foumled 1820, 180 students ; Bates College, Lewiston, founded 186!, 169 students. POSTAL.— Maine has 1,125 post offices There are 57 presidential oflices-2 fii*st-class, 9 second-class, 46 third-class; of fi»urth-class offices there are 1,068; 147 money-order offices and 4 postal note. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. — February 22, May 30, July 4, December 25, first Mon- day in September, Thanksgiving. CIVIL AVAR. Maine furnished a total of '0,107 men during the Avar: 64,973 white troops, 5,0o0 sailors and marines, and 104 colored troops. Aggregate nmnber of deaths, 9,398. State has 17.610 pensioners on the rolls. POLITICAL State elections, second Monday in September; congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number of Senators, 31 ; Repre- s;^ntatives, 151 ; sessions, l)iennial in odd-nmn- bered years, meeting first Wednesday in Jan- uary; limit of session, none; term of Senators and Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 6; number voters, 201,241. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State, comity, and town 3 months, of pre- cinct, 60 days; registration required: women, paupers, and untaxed Indians excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 20 years; notes — witnessed, 20 years, unwitnessed, 6 years; open accounts, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 1 year. Legal inter- est, 6; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq Mis. Androscoggin. R-4 485 Aroostook, C-9 . - .6,700 Cumberland, S-3. 1.005 FrankUn, M-3 ...1,660 Hancock. O-10...1,.312 Kennebec, P-5 ... 888 3 Pop. 1890. 48.968 49,589 90,949 17,05S 37,312 57,012 Counties. Land Area, Sq. Mis. .. 3C8 .. 520 Knox, Q-7 . . Lincoln, R-6 Oxford, 0-2 1,892 Penobscot, L-9...3,3.32 Piscataquis, 1-7 ..3,772 Sagadahoc, R-5.. 260 Pop. 1890. 31,473 21,996 30,536 72,865 16,134 19,4.52 Land p Couflities. Area, ^^rL' Sq. Mis. •'^^"• Somerset. 1-4 3,664 32,627 Waldo, P-7 7 5 ;^7,759 Washington, L-12.2,4.52 44,482 York, T-2 1^20 62.829 Total 29,895 661,086 18 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S sB-^B O M ^ -button Jo. Gouipion C >I P T N ^T A N ST E\A D ^'^ Slansteaa C.\H. nird -t.l" * Soplt .a <* _..— -y /Id* °e/Srit8Df//« S Slewatta Jj^ X^ \ ©^'O O R L E( A N S Irasburgh ® W /Ai CotunMa Camhridge Jc S.Columbia\ •^"'oVV^ V > ^ •»%'^'- m' Beat! lee k /A' O) Gro Guildhall; WMlflan S"' ^» W'^ Tin m/^ NoVnr ^*? 'HaverKill^V* ^ ^^ Chelsea RANGE, t o rN M r^ Wenlwortiy^ Carapton Vil ' (Cenfi Q 'o Ban S U L L I V A) N / (^„„ •^>'v3y=^^> °'"°°°' V Ai.>»»V\i;^v^<,ao Croyfion flat /JaLitn(lover^h^>f^/^ \?rao|klIo\v Nc^Durham^^.,\ aiilL.>aJ/^ aremon4_JC5,fc7f*ftN.*_^4 cPijC ^# ^iv 5u((on _ ___ Rochester GraftoD Ceoti ^'I'jl^^ CraflonV> WINDSOR// Vio.vit'i'" " Goul. ^ J'Cb.rle«ow„ ^„.L<':S^. "^"-y-.S"'" CoDUKicoolcX^,, ,,^,.,__\M(^ATur>rt/r?r>/ •\i>lra^ora^ ^ Bellows J'all»!«!^t5t'""".^ //_*wW„» „ .^.^ J^^-^V^ >Muacoo/ \ ^/.«.^.^''- Pf,,. „ , , , . ffi«s»orouo^2^WH1IUbororfgb D'A Hi! R E«9'«i'. 'Uooke«X 1 1 1>4 S B O R O U C H ' ill. ret Thofnlon-. O C 'xpi N G VlVrry/E.Derry '< i 1 LOl'C'TtrCI W '!:^:::^^i^rr:::!!r:i: 10 13 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 19 NEW HAMPSHIRE. ^l^ST^i,..^ Named after the County HISTORICAL. — One of the Thirteen Original States; adopted and ratified the Con stitution June 21, 1788; the ninth State ad mitted. First settlements made by English, I at Portsmouth and Dover, 1(323; Exeter and Hampton settled 1638 and 1639. State con- stitution adopted 1784; amended 1792; revised and amended 1876; present constitution adopted 1877. AREA. — 9,30.5 square miles; land area, 9,005 square miles; water, 300 square miles; greatest length, 180 miles; breadth, 45 to 100 miles. Famed for the beauty of its mountain and lake scenery; one-.se venth of total area occupied by White Mountains; highest eleva- tion, Mount Washington— 6,288 feet. Area of lakes, 110,(XK> acres; Lake Winnipiseogee, the largest, 22 miles in length. State has 18 miles of sea-coast; Portsmouth only good harbor. Streams afford unrivaled water-power, largely utilized in manufactures. CLIM,\TE. — Mean annual temperature, Mount Washington, 26.3°; highest recorded, 74° ; lowest, — 49°. Mean annual at Manchester, 48.5°; highest recorded, 94°; lowe.st, —IP. Mean annual rainfall. Mount ■Washington, 90 inches; Manchester, 40 inches. POPULATION.— New Hampshire ranked tenth in 17!)0, eleventh in 1800, sixteenth in 1810, fifteenth in 1820, eighteenth in 18:30, twenty-second in 1840 and 1850, twenty seventh in 1860, thirty-first in 1870 and 1880, and thirtj-- tliird in IWMJ. Total population 17'.tO, 141,885; 1800, 18:3,8.58; 1810, 214,4(iO; 1820, 244,022; 18:30, 269,328; 1840, 2.84,. 574; 18.50. :317,976: 1.S60. :326. 073; 1870. 318,:300; 1880, :346.991; 18lt0, ;37G,5;3(J. Classification: Male, 186..566; female, 189,9t^4; Native, ;3O4.190; foreign, 72,:340; white, 375,K40; colored, 6!X)— Africans, 614; Chinese, 58; Jap- anese, 2; Indians, 16. PRINCII'AL CITIES.— Manchester, the me ropolis and principal seat of manufactur- ing industries, population, 44,126; Na.shua and Dover, important manufactui'ing centers, population, 19.311 and 12.790: Concord, the capital seat of government since 1807, popu- lation, 17,004; Portsmouth, a port of entry, founded 16.53, seat of government until 1807, population, 9,827. AGRICULTURAL — Hay most important crop, latest report gives 644,729 tons, value, $6,769.6.55; corn, l,:3;3;3.00O bushels, value. Sl,- 026,723; average value per acre greater than in any other State; wheat, 148.000 bushels, value, S170,244; oats, 1,098 000 bushels, value, S504,- 880; tobacco, 86,.593 pounds, value, $10,710. Total value of farm animals, S12 061,:351; hort-es lead in importance. of Hampshire, England. STONE 4: number pui>ils in private .schools, 7,.543; Dartmouth College organizeil 1769, 473 students. LEGAL IIOLIDAYS.-February 22, May 30, .Inly 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, general election, and fa.«t day. CIVIL WAR, ETC. — New Hampshire contributed a total of :3;3.937 men— .32,9:30 Avhite troops, 882 sailors and marines, and 125 colored troops; number of deaths, 4,882; num- ber pensioners in State, 1891, 7 707. POLITICAL.— State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, 24; Representatives, :3.59; term, 2 years; 'ses- sions, biennial in odd-numbered years; limit, none; meets first Wednesday in January; number electoral vote.s, 4; number voters, 118,135. Voters must be actual citizens, resi- dents of the State, count}', and town 6 months, jjrecinct, 10 days; aliens, paupers, non-tax- paj'ei-s, at their own request, excluded; registration required. Women vote at school elections. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 20 years; notes, 6 years; open accoimts, 6 years; legal interest. 6; by contract, 6. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, tjrK' Sq. Mis. ^""^• Belknap, P-8 392 20,:321 Carn)ll. 31-9 907 * 18,124 Cheshire. U-4--.. 784 29,.579 Coos, F-9 1,771 2:3,211 Land Pop. 1890. Land Counties. Area, Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Sq. Mis Grafton, L-7 ....l 766 :37,217 Strafford, R-11. ... 376 Hillsboro, U-7 -.. »44 93,247 Sullivan, P-4-.. ... 547 IMerrimack, R-7. . 909 49,4:35 Total ..9,005, Rockingham,U-10 709 49,6.50 Pop. 1890. 38.442 17.304 376,5:30 20 RAND, McNALLY & 00. 'S C *■ ? ) at Co'-atry 1/ > - - , - ROU I QREENuriCU. P^ ^,,^.^„^„oiljiirghTanL ■■"A "ilN K t I N rfialQ Sta. ^ U Vi 'v'/'Jclviderf L fK Irasburghg Wrf ^'"P \ X^mVi'"'"/^''''"'""'""' ^? a\ Georgia Sta. /^^^T ^„^,_ Ia/^23:;;;^^e Pa AC /', -, ^^:fl-^i "^orrlsvURJSKaiS-. •n/)cohv^/reeDs"boroug'b tj? et'*'' /irnacrhfliy ( . ~ "iS^S: /r BtuJ (ftyiMlolSjlllc i. ZNulhegaa^ Q O S hefield. £ S S E X> ^A|^^>v//*, < iyniloni Hiraxviovj' Vi 1^ L E 0/« 1 A T"-^ \^ \s"WaiaeD Stfiwe ^-J \l\. S E X\ iii^F;i>'>'lo"e " -c ^ . ■ \ / "'^^^'^^'^J^Jv^^ T\\ m^ r/Bethlthc i6bi.rgb \ 7 \ y'^'^'i^lj^ Xr. Mclntlce'sift 63 ^ / ^A^\ -.,"-1,^ \„/-,^.m/^ ,^ JST Groton Polid^ Tails jlfK Ell/.aT)ethT. ,\\°^'' 3>rofUelIouie^ ^ m>«'»»'°Q;,do» -Wasliinoton ISast Co.rinih'' BhioTcfield ^!E«s{ G4iivUlc ' Bradford , Chelsea 'v ^ Yerahlre R / A,^ N G E I'.Ja Lclcest er Ic. V ji&Mster Jt~y.^^untiridge IfevrtutyJ Ilyi nyiiioutUY,^ Jt. ^ 5«- ^ Co ,e^* l31orth"\Vear iH/i L rjvs B o R oug: rrT^ I » \ f^-^arnorougTi JBF C H E /S H\ I R E \ /Peter^otougMV A //f LOKOITCDE EaStO-I 10 Washington. NEW POCKET ATLAS. 21 VERMONT. Ver-mont'. •'Green Mountain State." From French words "vert," green, and "mont," mountain. HISTORICAL.— First State admitted after the adoption of the United States Constitution, and the organization of the government. Date of admission March 4, 1791. First settle- ment made at Fort Dummer, near site of Bi'attleboro, 17^; settled by emigrants from Massachusetts. First Constitution adopted 1777, second 1786, third in 1791; amendments made in 1793, 183fi, ia50, and 1870. AREA, ETC.— 9..565 square miles; land area, 9,13.5 squai-e miles; water, 430 square miles; length, l.")8 miles; 1 readth, 3."5 to 85 miles. Greea Mountains traverse the State from north to south; highest elevation. Mount I Mansfield, 4 430 feet. Over 100 miles of front- age on Lake Champlaiu; lake navigation im- portant, Burlington the principal port. Con- necticut River drains 3..500 square miles — one- third the total area. Numerous small streams furnish abundant water-power, largely utihzed for manufactures. CLIMATE — Temperature at Burlington: Winter, 18° to .50°; summer, 6.5° to 75°; mean for January, 19°, extreme, — !i4°; for July, 71°, extreme, 97"; average rainfall, ;33 inches. POPULATION.- Vermont ranked twelfth in 1790, thirteenth in 1800. fifteenth in 1810, six- teenth in 1820, seventeenth in 1830, twenty- first in 1840, twenty-third in 18.50, twenty- eighth in 1860, thirtieth in 1870, thirty-second in 1880, and tliirtv-sixth in 1890. Total popu- lation 1790. 85.42.5'; 1800, 154.465; 1810, 217.895; 1820,2:55,966; 1830, 280,6.52; 1^0, 291.;>48; ia50. 314.120; 1860, 315.098; 1870. *50,.551 ; 1880, a32,286; 1890, 332,422. Classification: Male, 169.327; female. 163,095; native, 288,*i4; foreign. 44,088; white, 3;il,418; colored, 1,004— Africans, 937; Chinese, 32; Japanese, 1; Indians, 34. PRINCIPAL CITIES.— Burlington, one of the most important lumber markets in the United States, popidation, 14,590; Rutland ranks second, population, 11.760, principal seat of rnarble industry; St. Albans, popula- tion, 7,771; Brattleboro, 6,862; Barretown, 6.812; Montpelier, the capital since 1805, popu- lation, 4,160. AORICULTURAL. - Although exceed- ingly mountainous, proportion of cultivable ai'ea is large. Agriculture the chief occu- pation of the State. Over 3.000,000 acres of improved land. Among New England States, Vermont ranks second only to Maine in the value of farm products. Latest reports give: Corn, 2.144.000 bu>^h Is. value. $1.629,M2; wheat, 344.000 bushels, value, $:592,477; oats, 4.037.000 bushels, value. 11,655.227: hay. 1,0:^.- 303 tons, value, $9,760,048. State exceeds all others in production of maple sugar — nearly 12,000,000 pounds of sugar and 130,000 gallons of molasses. Value of farm animals. $18.172.1,57. MINERAL ^VEALTH. — The quarries constitute the chief mineral wealth of the State. Marbles in great variety are quarried in large quantities: production steadilj- in- creasing. Rutland County the leading localitj'. Value of total output for year. $2,300,000; $2,000,000 being credited to Rutland. State ranks second in production of slate; number quarries, 60: output, 235,850 squares roofing slate, value. $.592,997: number granite quarries 53; output, 1,073.9:36 cubic feet, value. $.581,870; 16 limestone quarries. value of output, $19.5,066; number ban-els of lime manufactured 324,148. State produced l.'iSG long tons manganese ore, and 72.000 pounds copper. Iron and gold exist. RAILWAYS.— Railroad constniction be- gim in 1846: in December, 1849. two lines com- pleted—Burlington to Connecticut River. Total number miles in operation 18.50, 290; 1855,529; 1860, ,5.54: 1865, .587; 1870, 614; 187.5, 810; 1880. 914: 1885, 946; 1890, 988: January 1, 1892, 1,001, State has one mile of railway to each 9.38 square miles. EDUCATION — Lands set apart for sup- port of schools as early as 1761 : legislative pro- vision for education dates from 1782. Number pupils enrolled in public schools, 1889, 7:3.2:37; a loss of 10 per cent, during the past decade; expenditures, $689,917; number pupils in private schools, 6.745. School age, .5-20. State University at Burlington, organized 1791 ; immber students, .526. Normal schools at Castleton, .Johnson, and Randolph. Training school at Bennington. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. -January 1, May 30, July 4, Thanksgiving, and December 25. CIVIL "WAR.— The State furni.shed a total of :3;3,288 men— ;32..549' white troops, 619 sailors and marines, 120 colored troops. June 30, 1891, there were 8.566 pensioners in the State. POLITICAL. —State elections biennial, first Tuesday in September. Congressional and presidential, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, :30; Rep- resentatives, 243; term, 2 years; sessions, bien- nial in even-numbered years ; meets first "Wednesday in October; limit of session, none. Number of electoral votes, 4; number voters, 101.697. Voters must be actual citizens, resi- dents of State 1 year; registration required. Bribers excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, notes, and open accounts, 6 years; legal interest, 6 ; by contract, 6. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Addison. J-4 7:34 Bennington, S-4-- 680 Caledonia, FIO.. 648 Chittenden, F-4.. 516 Essex, D-12 7:30 Pop. 1890. 22,277 20,448 23,4:36 35:389 9.511 Land Counties. Area. Sq. Mis. Frankhu, B-5 639 Grand Isle, C-3... 80 Lamoille, E-6 450 Orange, K-8 659 Pop. 1890. 29,7.55 3,843 12,831 19,5; Orleans. C-9 728 22,101 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis, Rutland, M-4 903 Washmgton, H-7 . 703 Windham. S-6 . . . 765 Windsor, 0-7 900 Total 9,135 Pop. 1890. 45.397 29,606 26.547 31,706 332.422 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S <(aoaafL,0U NEW POCKET ATLAS. 23 MASSACHUSETTS, Name of Indian origin, HISTOKICAI.. — Sixth in order of the Thii-teen Original States to adopt and ratify the Constitution, date, February 6, 1788. First permanent settlement made by English Furi- tans, at Plj^mouth, 1620; Salem founded 1028. First constitution adopted 1780 ; this, with various amendments, constitutes the law of the State. AREA.— 8,315 square miles; land area, 8,040 square miles: Avater, 275 square miles; length, northeast and southwest, 100 miles; l)readth, 47 to 90 miles. The Merrimac, Con- necticut, Housatonic, and other rivers, furnish immense water-jjower which is largely utilized. CL.IIVIATJE.— Temperatm-e Boston: Winter, 27° to 38°; summer, 66° to 71°; mean annual, 48.8'. Mean annual rainfall : Boston, 45 04 inches; Wood's Holl, 44.11; Springfield, 47.04. POPULATION. — Massachusects ranked fourth in 17'.)0, fifth in 1800 and 1810, seventh in 1820, eighth in 18:^0 and 1840, si.vth in 1850, seventh in 1860, 1870, and 1880, and sixth iu 1890. Total population, 1790, 378,787; 1800, 422,845; 1810, 472.040; 18>(», 52:3,159; 18:^0, 610.408; 1840,737.699; 1850,994.514; 1860,1,231,066; 1870, 1,457,351; 1880, l,78:3,0a5; 1890,2,2:38,943. Classi- fication: Male, 1,087,709; female. 1.1.51.2:^; native. 1,581,806 ; foreign, 6.57.1:37 ; white, 2,215,;373; colored. 2:3,570 — Africans, 22,144; Chinese, 984; Japanese, 18; Indians, 424. PRINCIPAL. CITIES — Boston, capital and metropolis, great commercial center; population, 448,477. Worcester, Taunton, and Springfield, centers of iron and steel indus- tries; population, Worcester, 84.655. Spring- field, seat of largest arsenal and armory in United States. Lynn, jjrincipal center of boot and shoe industry, Lowell, Lawrence, Fall River, and Holyoke, chief centers of cotton industries. Cambridge, seat of Har- vard College, oldest in America. First printing press in America established at Cambridge; printing still a leading industry of the citv. AGRICULTURAL. — State has 3,:359,679 acres in farms, value, $146,197,41.5. Hay, the most important crop ; latent report gives: 674,:365 tous, value, $10,021,249; potatoes, 3.6:32,- 000 bushpls, value, $1,997,800: c(irn, 2,1:38,000 bushels, value, $1.6ti7,869; oats. 7(i8,000 bushels; tobacco, 2,794,848 pounds. Total number farm animals, 461, 919, value, $15.87:3.817. GRANITE AND LIMESTONE. State leads in production and value of granite. Number quarries. 151: output, 1889, 9,587,996 cubic feet, value, $2,.503,503. Number limestone quarries, 12; total value of output, $119,978 ; lime, $93,702. Mas-sa-chu'sets. "Bay State." 'About the Great Hills.''' FISHERIES — Over one-half the fishing vessels in United States owned in Massachu- setts. Over two-thirds or 69.31 per cent, of vessels of United States whale fleet from Mas- sachusetts ports; total number of fleet, 101; from New Bedford alone, 57. Value of prod- ucts for State, 1889, $988,487; sperm oil, $454,- 700; whalebone, $419,.520. MANUFACTURES. —Manufacturing in- dustries most important. In total value of all products, State ranks third; in cotton produc- tions, leather, iind boots and shoes, ranks first. First cotton-mill in the United States estab- lished at Beverly, 1787; one of the earliest woolen-mills was that at Newbury, 1794; first iron works established at Lynn and Taunton, 1631 and 1644. Boston is the center of the wool trade. Capital employed in wool industry, $75,665,6:37; cost of materials, $44,767,072; value of products, $72,681,408. RAl LAVA YS.— First road constructed 18:35; number of miles in State, 1840, ;301 ; 1^50, 1,035; 1860, 1,264; 186.5, 1,297; 1870, 1,480; 1875, 1,817; 1880, 1,915; 1885, 1.997; 1890, 2,096; January, 1892, 2,100. One mile of road to each 3.95 square miles. EDUCATION. — Foimdation of present sj'stem established 1647; compulsory educa- t ion law ; school age, 5-15 ; annual expenditures over $S,2iK),()(H»; number of pupils in public schools, 371,492. Normal schools at Boston, Bridgewater, Framingham, Salem, Westfield, and Worcester; number of pupils in private schools, 66,772: Stiite has 7 colleges. LEGAL HOLIDAYS — February 22, May :30, July 4, first Monday in SeptemV)er, Thanks- giving, December 25, and fast day. CIVIL AVAR State furnished 146,7:30 men and over $.50,000,000. Of the total, 122,781 were white troops, 19,98:3 sailors and marines, 3 966 colored troops; aggregate number of deaths, 1:3.942. State has"2.5.9.53 pensioners. POLITICAL.— State, congressional, and presidential elections. Tuesday after first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 40; Representatives, 240; term, 1 j'ear; .sessions, ainuial, meets first Wednesday in January; limit of session, none. Number of electoral votes, 15; number voters, 665.009; voters must be citizens, residents of State 1 year, precinct 6 months ; registration required. Paupers, non-taxpayers, and persons unable to read and write excluded. LEGA L. — Statutes of limitation : Judg- ments, 20 years; notes and open accounts, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 2 years; legal interest, 6; by contract, any rate. COUNTIES. Counties. Sq Mis. !«»• BarnstaV)le, L-18. 373 29,172 Berkshire, F-2... 9.59 81,108 Bristol, J-14 557 186,465 Dukes, N-17 124 4,:369 Essex, C-15 503 299,995 Counties. Franklin. C-5 Hampden, H-5 _ Hampshire, F-5. Middlesex, El 2. Nantucket, 0-19. Land Area, Sq. Mis. 665 634 572 827 65 Pop 1890. :38,610 1:3.5,713 51.859 431,167 3,268 Counties. Sq.Ss. 1890. . 494 118,9.50 . 671 92,?00 Norfolk, H-14 . . Plymouth, J-16. .. Suffolk, F-14 45 484,780 Worcester, F-2. J, .5.51 280,787 Total 8,040 2,2.38,943 •mrrr TTTT RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 25 RHODE ISLAND. Rod Fland. "Little Rhody." Named after the Island of Rhodes. HISTORICAI..— Lastof the Original Thir- teen States to ratify the Constitution; ratifi- cation took plac3 May 29, 1790. First settle- ment made by Roger Williams, and emigrants from Massachusetts, at Providence 1636. Portsmouth and Newport settled during 1638 and 1639. Providence Plantations, in Xarra- gansett Bay, incorporated 1643. Charter for Rhode Island and Providence obtained 1663; charter remained the organic law for 179 years, or from 1663 to 1842, date of the adoption of present Constitution. AREA, ETC — This, the smallest of the States, has a total area of 1,250 square miles; land, 1,085 square miles; water, 165 square miles; extreme length, north and south, 48 miles; breadth, 35 miles. Coast line deeply indented by Narragansett Bay. Providence, Newport, Bristol, and Warren have good har- bors. Pawtuxet, Pawcatuck, Wood, and other rivers furnish abundant water-power for the varied manixfactures. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Newport: Winter, 29° to 43°; summer, 64° to 71°; mean annual, 50°; average annual rainfall, 49.97 inches; at Block Island, 44.95 inches. POPULATION. — Rhode Island ranked fifteenth in 1790, sixteenth in 1800, seventeenth in 1810, twentieth in 1820, twenty-third in 1830, twenty-fourth in 1840, twenty-eighth in 1K50, twenty-ninth in 1860, thirty-second in 1870, thirty-third in 1880, and thirty-fifth in 1890. Total population 1790, 68,825; 1800, 69.122; 1810, 76,931; 1820, 83,015; 1830, 97,199; 1840,108,8:30; 1850. 147,545; 1860, 174,620; 1870, 217,;i53; 1880, 276,.531; 1890, 345,.506. Classification: Male, 168,025; female, 177,481; native, 2:»,201; for- eign, 106,305; white. a37.859; colored, 7,647— Africans, 7,.393; Chinese, 69; Japanese, 5; Indians, 180. PRINCIPAL CITIES. -Providence, the metropolis, one of the State capitals; the second city in New England in population and importance; one of the greatest manufactiu"- ing centers; population, 132,146. Pciwtucket, seat of varied and extensive manufactiu'es; population, 27.633, Woon.socket. an important center of woolen and cotton indu.stries; popu- lation, 20,830. Newport, the other State capital, famous as a summer resort, and for its historical associations; population, 19,457. AGRICULTURAL — Hay, potatoes, and Indian corn form the chief agricultural pro- ducts. Latest reports give: Hay. 104.829 tons, value, $1,656,298; potat<:)es, 6()8,000 bushels, value, $367,528; corn, 450.000 bushels, value, $a55,542. Total number farm animals, 80,926, value, $2,421,320. GRANITE INDUSTRY. — State has 37 quarries; output 1889, 2.878,2.37 tons, value, ^1931,216: ranks fifth in total value of output; surpasses all others in value of output for monumental work, value, 1889, $600,000; 2 lime- stone quarries, output valued at $27,625; 32,100 barrels of lime, value. $27,500. MANUFACTURES — Manufactures form the chief industry of the State. Rhode Island excels all others in per capita value of manu- factured products. Ranks second only to 3Iassachusetts in production of cotton goods. Cotton industry dates from 1790-93. In 1791, 5,888 yards cotton cloth made; in 1810, 7-35,319 yards. State ncnv has over $38,0(X),000 capital invested in cotton manufactures. In 1889, 91 establishments engaged in wool industry; capital employed, $28,886 337, value of pro- ducts, $;i4,722,493. Providence, the chief center jewelry manufactures in the United States. RAl LAV AYS.— Length of roads: 1840, 50 miles; 1850, 68; 1860, 108; 1870, i;36; 1875, 179; 1880, 210; 1890, 217; January, 1892, 223. One mile of road to each 5.6 square miles. EDUCATION — School system eflScient ; established 1828; compulsory education a law; school age, .5-15; number of pupils enrolled in public schools, 54,170; expenditures, $917,- 9fK) ; State Normal School at Providence; number of pupils in private schools, 9,754. Brown University, Providence, organized in 1764. Number of academies, 9. State con- tains numerous libi'aries, that of Redwood, incorporated 1747. CIVIL WAR. — State took an active part. Quota of men called for. 18,898; number sent, 23,699; white troops, 19 521, sailors and mar- ines, 1,878, colored troops, 1,8:37; aggregate deaths, 1,321; number pensioners, June 30, 1891, 2,88*9. LEGAL HOLIDAYS February 22, May SO, July 4, December 25, Thanksgiving, State and Presidential elections. POLITICAL State elections, annual, first Wedm .sday in April. Congressional and presi- dential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, 36; Rep- resentatives. 74 ; term, 1 year ; sessions, annual, meets last Tuesday in May; limit of session, none. Number of electoral votes, 4 ; number of votei-s, 100,017. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State, 1 year, town, 6 months; registration required. Pau- pers, idiots, insane, and convicts excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments and sealed instruments, 20 years; notes and open accounts, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 1 year. Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, any. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Bristol, 111 25 Kent, J-6 ....180 Pop. 1890. 11,428 26.754 Land p Counties. Area, iqqV> Sq. Mis. ^'^^"■ Nevrport, L-11 ....100 28,552 Providence, D-6... 440 255.123 Land p Counties. Area, ^ Qfjr,' Sq. Mis. ^"^"• Washington, N-6. . . 340 23, 649 Total 1,085 345,506 RAND, McNALLY & CO. '8 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 27 CONNECTICUT. Kon-net'e-kut. " Nutmeg State." Indian ''Quonektacat," upon the long river. HISTORICAL. First settlements made by emigrants from Massachusetts, 1632-1636. Charter granted Connecticut 166:2, remained organic law until the adoption of the Constitu- tion of 1818. Became a State January 9, 1788; the fifth of the Thirteen Original States to adopt and ratify the Constitution. AREA.— 4,990 square miles: land area, 4,845 square miles; water, 145; average breadth, east and west, 86 miles; average length, 55 miles; 100 miles of sea-coast with large number of good harbors. Greatest altitude, Bear Mount- ain, 2,;i55 feet. Principal rivers: Connecticut, Housatonic, and Thames. • -CLI3IATE Temperature at New Haven: Mean winter, 28°, lowest, —14°; summer, 72°, highest, 100°; average annual rainfall, 50.3 inches. New Loudon: "Winter, 28°, extreme, — 10°; summei", 71°, extreme, 93°; rainfall, 49.1 inches. POPULATION. — Connecticut ranked eighth in 1790 and 1800, nmth in 1810, foui'- teeuth in 1820, sixteenth in 18^30, twentieth in 1840, twenty-first in 18.50, twenty-fourth in 1860, twenty-fifth in 1870, twenty-eighth in 1880, and twentv-ninth in 1890. Total popula- tion, 1790, 237.946; 1800, 251,002; 1810, 261.!)42; 1820, 275,148; 18:30, 297,675; 1»40, :309.978; 18.50, ;370,792; 1860, 460,147; 1870, .5:37,454; 1880, 622,700; 1890, 746,2.58. Clas.sification: Male, :369,5;38; female. :376,720; native, .562,657: foreign, 18:3,- 601; white, 7:3:3,4:38; colored, 12,820— Africans, 12,:302; Chinese, 272; Japanese, 18; Indians, 228 PRINCIPAL. CITIES New Haven, the metro[X)lis, important conunercial, manufact- ui-ing, and railway center; population, 81,298. Hartford, the capital, center of educational interests, ranks high as an insurance city and in the manu 'active of fire-arms and edge tools; population, 5:3,2:30. Bridgeixirt, a port of entry, has important manufactures; popu- lation, 48,866. Waterbury, Meriden, and New Biitain have varied and extensive nianufact- m-es: populations, 28.646, 21,652, 19,007. AGR IC U LT URAL. — Principal staples : Fi-uit, hay, potatoes, tobacco, and dairy jirod- ucts. Cereals, 1891: Corn, 2,112.(X)0 bushels; wheat, 31,000 bushels; oats, 1,147.(KX). Tobac- co, grown in the Connecticut Valley, is of high grade, chiefiy used for cigar-wrappeT-s. Among tobacco-producing states, in 1889, State ranked eleventh in amount and eighth in value of products; number pounds c:rown, 8,874,924, value, $1.1:32.111; hay crop. 574,419 tons, value, $8,443,959; potatoes, 2,677,000 bushels, value, $1,418,662. Number farm ani- mals. 384,277, value. $12.;35l,606. 3IINERALS, ETC State ranks fourth among granite-producing stales; 53 quarries; number cubic feet quarried, 3,835,704, value, $1,061,202. Number sandstone quarries, 13; output, 2,821,430 cubic feet, value, $920,061. Ranks fourth in value of all products; Ln value of building-stone ranks second. State noted for excellence and beauty of its brown sand- stone. Limestone: 9 quarries, output, 3:3,750 cubic feet building-stone, 191,795 barrels of lime. Excellent iron ore has been mined in Litchfield County for more than 150 years. First forge erected near Salisbury, 17:34. Cop- per, lead, nickel, and cobalt exist. MANUFACTURES.— Ranks among the first states in amount of capital invested and value of products. Leads in manufacture of fire-arms and ammimition. Connecticut ranks fourth in the value of silk manufactures. Silk industry dates back to 17:32. Extensive cotton and woolen manufactures; 109 establishments engaged in wool industry in 1889; value of products, §20.843,965. RAILWAYS. — First railroad in operation, 18:38; State contained 102 miles in 1840; 402, in 18.50; 1800, 601; 1870, 742; 1875, 918; 1880, 923; 188.5, 975; 1890, 1,006; January 1, 1892, 1,006 miles, or one mile to each 4 76 square miles. EDUCATION.— Common school law com- pulsory; .school age, 4-16; permanent school fund, $2,028,000; number pupils enrolled in public schools, 126.505; gain over 1880, 6.68 per cent. State Normal sciiools at New Britain and "Willimantic; number pupils enrolled in private schools, 21,814. Number colleges, 3; seminaries, 4; academies, 31. Yale College, at New Haven, founded 1701. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, Febru- ary 22, May ;30, Jul}- 4. first ^Monday in Septem- ber. Tliankssjiving, and December 25. CIVIL WAR Quota called for, 44,797; number sent, 5.5,864: 51,9:37 white troops,- 2,16:3 sailors and marines, 1,764 colored troops; total number of deaths, 5.:354; number pen- sioners in State, June :30, 1891, 8.713. POLITICAL. — State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 24; Representatives, 252; term, 2 years: sessions, biennial in odd-numbered years. Electing of legislature. Wednesday after first ]\Ionday in January; limit of session, none. Number of electoral votes, 6; number voters. 224.092. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 1 year, of county and precinct 6 months: registration requiied. Persons imable to read and convicts excluded. LEGAL Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, no limit: notes and open accounts, 6 vears; redemption of tax sales, 1 year;- "legal interest rate, 6; no penalty for usury, more than 6 can not be collected by law. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area. KJi\ Sq. Mis. ^^'^*^- Fairfield, M-4.... 540 150,081 Hartford, E-11... 7:38 147,180 Litchfield, D-6-.. 948 5:3,542 Pop. 1890. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Middlesex. 1-12 .. :390 39,524 New Haven, K-9. 619 209,058 New London, 1-16 687 76,6:34 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Tolland. El 4 403 Windham, C-17--- 520 Pop. 1890. 25,081 45,158 Total 4,845 746,258 28 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S JLONCITDDE VVEST?8°rB01l GREENWICH. Scale of Statute Miles. If ^ 10 20 30 40 Perth i inebtoo Pa) jrLjr,'' A 5/ 1 Jl -^ E V -x .Alt ?iJ>lars •Colling \y|Salne, vS/TP^tr^ ^- , Spring V „■« •"^^t yllmSftone, "SJ^dfora* A IJuali «oi v^ Sf«a£l?i±/*' IP \ of ^i I — ^-^^^^^^:^\^vrS i^^^H-l^-Sc^J^oEU^beth/ ^ g ^^^^9^fc,.i2^ i^y Z!7%'' I "^^-^Tf"!^^ ^iS^7v\jf H^^i!S^l^^^^ Parish •'*cf /? ,7>^'5> A fescn r |« - C '-^^ /«^W St. Vernon Jc>V \J 80 RAND, McNALLY & OO.'S NEW YORK. Nu York. ♦♦Empire State. Named in honor of the Duke of York. HISTORICAL.— New York Bay visited by Hudson, 1009 river explored as far as site of Albany; two trading posts established, and four houses built on Manhattan Island, 1613; Dutch East India Company established posts near Albany and on Manhattan Island, 1615; Fort Orange built, 1623; New Amsterdam captured by Duke of York, 1664; recaptm-ed by the Dutch, 1673; restored to England, 16T4. United States Constitution adopted July 26, 1788; eleventh of the Thirteen Original States to enter the Union. State constitution adopted 1777; present constitution adopted 1846. AREA. — 49,170 square miles; land area, 47,620 square miles; water, 1,550 square miles; extreme length, east and west, 412 miles; extreme breadth, 311 miles. Of the boundaries nearly 890 miles are formed by navigable waters — Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain form 3.52 miles; Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean, 246; river boundaries, 281. Hudson and Lawrence, the principal rivers, forming important commercial channels. Highest point in State, Mount Marey, 5,402 feet. fCLlMATE. — Temperature at Albany: Mean winter, 23°, extreme — 18°; summer, 73°, extreme, 98°; average rainfall, 38.2 inches; New York, winter, 30°, extreme — 6° ; summer, 74°, extreme, 100°; average rainfall, 45.1 inches. Oswego, winter, 25°, extreme, — 23°; summer, 69°, extreme, 100°; rainfaU, 35 inches. POPULATION.— New York ranked fifth in population in 1790, third in 1800, second in 1810, and first from 1820 to 1890. Total popu- lation, 1790, 340,120; 1800, 589,051; 1810, 959,049; 1820, 1,372,111; 1830, 1,918,608; 1840, 2,428,921; 1850, 3,097,394; 1860, 3.880,735; 1870, 4.382.759; 1880, 5.082,871; 1890, 5,99?'.853. Classification: Male, 2,970,893; female, 3,020,960; native. 4,426,- 803; foreign, 1,571,050; white, 5,923.9.52; colored, 73,901— Africans, 70,092; Chinese, 2,935; Japan- ese, 148; Indians, 720. PRINCTPAL CITIES.— New York City, metropolis of the United States, as a commer- cial and financial center, ranks second only to London, population, 1,515,301; area, 40.22 square miles. Brooklyn, second in size, jDopu- lation, 800,343, properly a suburb of New York. Buffalo, one of the most important trade centers in the United States; grain, coal, and lumber chief articles of commerce, popu- lation of city, 2.55,604. Rochester, important center of manufactures, garden seeds, and nurseries, population, 133,896. Albany, the capital, population, 94,923. Syracuse, noted for manufacture and export of salt, popula- tion. 88,143. URBAN POPULATION. -Large increase in urban population during past decade. Cen- sus of 1880 showed 60 cities and towns of 4,000 or more j)opulation, ag.gregate population, 2,743,032.^ Census of 1890 shows 84 cities and towns of 4,000 or more population; aggregate population, 3,805,577. Greatest numerical in- creases: New York, 309,002, or 25.02 per cent. ; Brooklyn, 239,080, or 42.30 per cent. ; Buffalo, 100,530, or 64.80 per cent. AGRICULTURE.— In number of farms, State ranks third; in value, second. Ranks first as a dairy State, annual value of cheese and butter, $12,778,000. Ranks first in broom- corn, buckwheat, and hops. Number acres under hops, 1890, 36,670, production, 38,965,920 pounds; State produces 51.22 per cent, of total yield from 73.03 per cent, of acreage. State leads in production of buckwheat, hay, and potatoes. Latest report gives products: Buckwheat, 4,514,000 bushels; hay, 5,426,757 tons, value, $61,051,016 ; potatoes, 29,688,000 bushels. Value corn, wheat, and oats, grown 1891. $41,125,420. HORTICULTURAL, ETC. -State leads all others in number and valne of nurseries. First nursery established previous to 1800. Capital invested. 1889, $12,202,844; number, 530; acreage, 24,840; value, $10,609,856. Great- est number acres in apples; pears, grapes, and plums follow in order. Seed farms number 78: acreage, 12,665; capital invested, $1,501,653. State had one establishment engaged in flori- culture in 1800; 793 in 1890; square feet of flass, 6 947,298; value of establishments, 9,254.873; catalogues issued, 5,500,000; plant sales, $2,228,720; cut flowers, $3,615,667. VITICULTURE New York stands sec- ond in importance among States engaged in this industry. Number acres in bearing vines, 1890, 43,;550; new vineyards, 7,650; average yield per acre, 1.75 tons, value $70. Grapes sold for table use, 121,374,000 pounds; wine made, 2,528,250 gallons; capital invested, $20,- 400,000. LIVE STOCK.— State ranks fourth in live stock. Total value farm animals, $141,511,000: Horses, $64,8;M,400; milch cows, $43,637,200; oxen and other cattle, $22,034,214; sheep, $5,481,428. BUILDING STONES, ETC. — New York's extensive quarries of stone and marble widely known. State ranks first in bluestone ; number quarries, 135; output, 4,009,942 cubic feet, va'ue, $1,303,320: ranks fifth in sand- stone, 63 quarries; output, 4,878,365 cubic feet, value, $702,419; fourth in limestone; 157 quarries; total value products, $1,708,830; out- put for building, 7,154,747 cubic feet; lime manufactured, 1,630,148 barrels; granite quar- ries number 13; 1,515,511 cubic feet quarried; increase during decade, 2,127 per cent. State has 16 slate quarries; value of output. 1889, $130,603. Washington County only locality in United States producing red roofing slate. State produced gypsum valued at $79,476. IRON. — Iron ores of excellent quality largely mined. Magnetic iron ore discovered on Sterling Mountain, 1750; State leads all others in production of this ore. Brown and red hematite, and carbonate ores are also mined. Number iron mines in State, 42: production, 1889, 1,247,.537 long tons -927,269 tons magnetic ore. First forge established in Columbia County, 1740; first anchor in State cast at SterUng works, 1750; first steel in province made at Sterling works, 1776; Cham- NEW POCKET ATLAS. 31 plain works established 1801. New York lead in iron and steel until 1840, now ranks fifth in pig: iron and steel. Output, 1889: Pig iron, 351)000 tons; steel. 113.000 tons. ^PETKOL-E CM. —Western New York ranks among prominent oil-producing localities. Bradford and Allegheny, District of New York and Pennsylvania, produced 7,158,000 barrels of oil in 1889; a large percentage due New York. Allegheny field, 20 miles long, lies wholly in New York. MANUFACTURES.— In value of manu- factured products State leads all others. Value of products, 1890, $1,512,975,300, an in- crease during the past decade of 40 per cent. : capital invested, S~19.945,200. Principal branches of manufactures: Clothing, flour, malt liquors, printing and publishing, iron and steel, foundry and machine shop pro- ducts, and refining of sugar. State refined 5,000,000 barrels of sugar in 1890: manufact- ured 9,230.634 gallons fermented liquors, and l,969,a39 gallons distilled spirits. SALT.— New York occupies second place among .salt-producing States. Its extensive wells are located in two districts, Onondaga and War-saw. Total profluction, 1890, 2,532,0:36 barrels— Onondaga, 1,546.412 barrels, Warsaw. 985,624 barrels; value, §1,-06,018. Onondaga District produced 25,474 bushels in 1797, in 1882, 8,340,180 bushels, more than double the product of 1890. Warsaw yield for 1890, thir- teen times greater than that of 1882. RAILWAYS. — First railroad, Albany to Schenectady, opened 18:31. Number miles in operation 1835, 104; 1840, 374; 1850, 1,361; 18.5.5, 2,.583; 1860, 2,082; 186.5, 3.002; 187.5, 5,42:3; 1880, 5,991; 1885, 7.:370; 181M), 7,745; January 1. 1892, 7,765. State has one mile of railway to each 6.28 square miles. EDUCATION. — An academy and classical scliool established 1659. Fir.st schools in State established liy the Dutch. Free grammar school established 1702. General school system organized 1812. State Normal school estab- COUN lished 1844. Present efficient system estab- lished 1867. Compulsory education became a law 1875. School age, 5-21. Number pupils enrolled in public schools, 1 049,9.52; in private schools. 1.59,880. State has 27 colleges, and 168 academies. Columbia College, founded 1746, has over 1,700 students. U- S. Military acad- emy, West Point, organized 1802, 285 students. State has eleven Normal schools. Vassar College founded 1861, has :390 studeuts. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. -January 1, Febru- ary 22, May :3p, July 4, Labor Day, Decemljer 25, any day "appointed by the Governor or President for thauk.sgiving or fast, and every Saturday afternoon. General Election Day. When aj^oliday falls on Sunday the following Monday is observed. POSTAL — Total number post offices. .3,.506; number presidential. 264 — 11 first class; 73 second cla.ss; 180 third class: number fourth- class offices, 3,242; money-order offices, 625. CIVIL AVAR. — State furnished 448.8.50 men — 409,.561 white troops. :35,164 sailors and marines, 4,125 colored troops. In addition 18.197 paid commutation. Total number deaths, 46,5:34. Within the State are 60,:325 l^ensioners. POLITICAL. — State elections annual. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesdaj' after first IMonday in Novem- ber; number of Senators. :32; Representatives, 128; .sessions annual, meets first Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 2 years; Representatives. 1 year; number of electoral votes, :36; number voters, 1,769,649. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 1 year, of count)-, 4 months, of precinct, ;30 days; registration required in cities of 7.000. Election bettors or bribers, and convicts excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, recovery of real estate, and sealed in- struments, 20 years; open accounts and notes, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal interest rate. 6. TIES. Land p Counties. Area, .^(^' Sq.Mls. ^^^• Albany, JIG .-.. 499 104,5.55 Alleghany, K-5. 1,060 43.240 Broome, L-11 685 G2,97;f Cattaraugus, K-3 1,3.56 60,866 Cayuga, 1-9 773 65,:302 Chautauqua, L-2... 1,020 7.5,202 Chemung, L-9... 4:36 48.265 Chenango, K-11 . 8.54 :37,776 Clinton, A-17 -.. 995 46,4:37 Columbia. L-17.- 691 46,172 Cortland, K-10 .. 480 28,657 Delaware, L-1 3.1. .5.57 45.496 Dutchess, N-16.- 8.53 77.879 Erie, J-4. 996 ;322,981 Essex, D-16 1,667 :3:3,052 Fi-ankhn. B-15.. 1.783 .38 110 Fulton, H-15 567 :37.650 Geaesee. H-5.-.- 497 :33.265 Greene, K-15 .... 660 31.598 Hamilton, F-15. 1.767 4,762 Land p Counties. Area, fof^^' Sq. Mis. ^^•'"• Herkimer, G-13- . 1 ,4.59 45,608 Jefferson. D-ll.-l,147 68.806 Kings, P-3 37 8:38 .'>47 Lewis, E-12 1,294 29,806 Livingston. 1-6... 644 .37,801 Madison. Ml 628 42,892 Monroe, H-6 721 189,.586 Montgomery,I-14. :396 45,699 New York, 0-3. ... 40 1,.51.5,;301 Niagara, G-3 .504 62,491 Oneida. H-12 .... 1.196 122,922 Onondaga, MO... 824 146.247 Ontario, 1-7 674 48.4.53 Orange, 0-14 791 97,a59 Orleans, G-5 :399 :30,803 Oswego, G-10 962 71,88:3 Otsego, J-13 9.56 50,861 Putnam, 0-16 .... 241 14,849 Queens. P-4 2.50 128,0.59 Rensselaer, J-17.. 643 124,511 Richmond, P-2... 61 .51,693 Rockland, P-15... 200 :35,102 Laud p Coimties. Area, ^^rR' Sq.Mls. ^**"^- St. Lawrence, C-13 2.926 85,048 Saratoga, H-16.. 800 .57.663 Schenectady.MG 200 29,797 Schoharie, K-14. 647 29.164 Schuyler, K-8 ... .3:35 16,711 Seneca, 1-8 :346 28,227 Stenben, L-7..-. 1,490 81,473 Suffolk, 0-6.... 720 62,491 Sullivan, N-13... 911 :31,0:31 Tioga, L-9 . 498 29.9:35 Tompkins, K-9 . . 494 :32.923 Ulster, M-15 ....1,1.57 87,062 Warren, F-1 6.... 940 27,866 Washington, G-17 861 45 690 Wayne, H-8 621 49,729 Westchester, 0-16 463 146,772 Wyoming, 1-4... 606 31,193 Yates, J-7 :342 21 ,001 Total. -.47,020 5 997.85:3 32 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S M t\/ feA' \ .^ tk "< /• k/ "Wmi rKOOS'lGftEENO-ICH. E A^ N» E r Pol&t > V Xpjrla T.V Cha|>maQ >A/7 /J CjODS Sul *8'' -"'"'«' /; TtfllDnjIi' . u N yr^a.o o n VIlltoM Of,,,,^^^ fl^ot'" Frtnchtowo ^CiS^^^.j Flemlneta I „ / ' I Bed BinTl^ O c {rt. Yn ^ 1 'K^ / y/°'4,^ 6 II E SIT E R , i West CfieBtcr ■c'^- N rsL u Turkey Fart> f Sew Egypt' Vlncentowo " WliiiVg'J''^ '■Medtord Trheunan\/ft>'' ^addliificld <' 'Woodmaoele xu^\\ \ . SbamoD, JIarris Xa* :k Mw -'^"""■yo / \fraiaiioaj,; r!>.,^y 'vS/V »^!>^°" /^ ^[ '^'"^ • y?'^^*''"* x----^^*^sjTrvi^d^ **"~^^-«Jv^' N N>^^ I C 6»y si(;•.>: ls-.>o. 277,426; 1830, 320,823: 1840, 373,306; 1,S.5U, 4s<,i.,-w5; 1860, 672,035; 1870, 906,096; 1880, 1,1.31,116; 1890, 1,444,9.3.3. Classification: Male, 720,819; female, 9'24,114; native, 1,115,958; foreign. 328.975; white. 1,396.- .581; colored, 48,352— Africans, 47,638; Chi- nese. 608; Japanese, 22: Indians, 84. PRINCIPAL CITIES.— Newark, the me- tropolis, population, 181.830; Jersey City ranks second in size, population, 163,003; Paterson, the "Lyons of America,'^ has largest silk factories in United States, population, 78..347: Camden, a port of entry, population, .58,313; Trenton, the capital, population, .57,458. AGRICULTURAL, ETC. —Agriculture an important industry. State especially noted for its sweet potatoes, cranberries, vegetables, and fruits. Value of corn, wheat, and oat-s grown, 1891, $11,785,758: hay, $7,47(i.422; sweet potatoes, average. 2,000.000 bushels per year. One of the leading States in floriculture; number establishments, 1889, .366. value, $3,666.- 518 : plant sales, $897,908; cut flowei-s, $1,288,478. MINERALS.— State is rich in minerals. Ranks seventh in iron and fourth in zinc. In 1889, 29 iron mines produced 415,510 tons of ore; copper and graphite exist; green sand, marl, glass sand, and fire and pottery clays are worked. State has 23 gianite quarries, output, 6,374,575 cubic feet. Ranks seventh in sandstone, 6,670,212 cubic feet quarried in 1889; third in value of bluestone produced. RAILAVAYS. -State had 99 miles of road in 18:i5; 186, 1840; 466, 1855; 560. 1860; 864, 1865; 1.125, 1870; 1..511, 1875; 1.684, 1880; 1.896. 1885; 2,099, 1890; January, 1892, 2.132. State has one mile of railway to 3.69 square miles. MANUFACTURES. -^ A leading manu- facturing State. Leads all others in silk, pot- tery, and glass; one-third the green glass in United States and 80 per cent, of architectiu-al terra cotta made at New Jersey W( rks. State manufactvu'ed 145,040 tons pig iron in 1889. Leads in manufacture of cast-iron pipe; capital invested, $4,543,204, value of products, $.5,0.32,571. Ranks seventh in production of steel. There were 55 establishments engaged in woolen industry in 1889, capital invested, $8,370 697, value of products, $9 984,640. EDUCATION Number of pupi's enrolled in public schools, 234,072; compulsory etluca- tion law; school age, 5-18; 43,077 pupils in private schools. State has 5 colleges, 51 academies, and 3 Normal schools, LEGAL. HOLIDAYS.— January 1, Feb- ruary 22, May 30, July 4, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, December 25, and any gen- eral election. CIVIL WAR During the late war New .Jersey contributed 70,814 men; 67,.500 white troops, 8,129 sailors and marines, 1,185 colored troops. Total munber of deaths, 5,754. Number of pensioners in the State, 13,375. POLITICAL. — State elections, annual. State, congre5?sional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after fir^t Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators. 21; Representatives, 60 ; sessions, annual, meets second Tuesday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 3 years; Representatives, 1 year. Number electoral votes, 10; number voters, 413..530. Voters must be actual citizens, resi- dents of State, 1 year, of comity, 5 months; registration required in cities of 10,000, Pau- pers, idiots, insane, and convicts excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: .Judg- ments, 20 years: notes and open accounts, 6 years ; redemption of tax sales, outside incor- porated cities, 3 years. Legal interest rate, 6. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq, Mis Atlantic, R-7 365 Bergen, C-11 2.35 Burlington, 0-7. . 860 Camden, 0-5 220 Cape May, U-O... 255 Cumberland, S-4. 505 Essex, E-10 127 Gloucester, P-4 .. 326 Pop. 1890. 28,836 47,226 58,528 87,687 11,268 4.5,438 256.098 28.049 I^and Counties. Area, Sq. Mis, Hudson. F-11 .... 43 Hunterdon, G-6-. 4M Mercer, J-7 225 Middlesex. 1-9... .310 Monmouth, K-10. 475 Morris. E-8 470 Ocean, M-10 578 Pop. 1890. 275,126 .3.5,-335 79,978 61.754 69,128 54,101 15,974 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis Passaic. C-10 197 Salem, Q-3 340 Somerset, H-8 . . . 303 Sussex, B-7 - .525 Union, G-10 102 Warren, E-5 360 ' Total 7,4.55 1,444,933 Pop. 1890 10.5,046 25,1.51 28,311 22.259 72,467 36,.553 34 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S C'E.Oal/ucsvilleV \ Tuuctionl J ^ ^^ Daytou^^^ jl^ MacTiiaeJ^^ V J^ i^Dansvme^ ►SwalnvfTle |ayvme>^ A^^^C ^^^^Sh\C^^-S^^'^ M O Ir Ay aw Fo*0%R\Vd. 1"^ i»»'^^MeadvlUe_:'^:r Sargent L'llsvnie TTarrison Val. o. f^ o „,, vvestfitid* Osicayo -* I GurneeTcA * -p X Coudersport f ./ P O -T T e" Galeton'a .r«J ating ^'E.'Boimtr Austin's Germania dhaj] <.'-*-> '5/ unction \* r:~ V w»-'i51\crcer/B^ . \Clii OiJ C j:'* p.g^.uues.».^d j,^,„ ,w |_^^Tu*^,oa W-.MEndO^^ ove Cit' Vt V.I*''- ■^ Pr " l_ dOMUeTieMi , , .^.JKniKi^fy'j ^°\.S(>q' )rifttro6 /'\t°9>yr*fc^ •*"£ ^^'n/ /t 1 r'*'°e'* Pl^ftt' o,-" .i«.v^-*- n^ ^ ''S ; o Impe rial 0^^ ^^^®!S53 PITTS.! CIN. '^ltesl!urg>^ Grant A p ^\^°^^^°^ \) \ "l^ -' ■ / ig-- aPennJ \o ''A. „ If V /^r>ttBV«>--?'»'-''»''ilIj ^ ^ N ^ «Prc.erC,ty^A-^S^'K^''"^° ^ConnellsvUfe o "^^ ^ Gibson / SoiuersetPfo^'^V W.Broinu V ~ fl77< V.^ ' BrhwarfviTle Vanoe> ^ Berlin rCarrett . Icbinoadi ^ fbiir ! ^ , f o„- .,, .„ */gj Cunrtiience A- J VU Elbinst'.lle / „ J/Greencasflef^ 'tV Va / < 'i' eJJainsbwg / v W.VIRGINIA Sca/e of Statute Miles. B*Wn, WCJIA-LXY ACO.i3°ENGb'8, CHICA^.O. SeTbysport [^Ulcrklcy Sprs. 'Xfi^ "Eongituae/AVeat from""Was"hlagton. (^'^ 6 8 9 10 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 35 IPeu Xhii Branch Tort * \\ Ilamm^ndsponV 5 IHornells V.^''; IJTily^ s-j£g^JSJ^°'|''^ kQu«lierT. Ml* JlCrJcnTille A",» ■^^gs^y' ^ T)UI»> -Si I^A Wo AfV' «■? ^ Aifo su. ra •d/wayk/sboro Round Top_/f ,JC-V o^OljjJlock •«>'Om/^ TT/O k^^^^^v^-^-— ^V \36?/^..--<^Xr^' I* "S\^i^ VH RocTiJ X ....^o*^ no ^>^ Emor/v Grove "*-V^^ /^WM/^l .lO/, _ %, /V.^Jp^May'. 5^ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 36 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S PE ^^NSYLV ANI A. Pen-sil-va'ne-ah. "Keystone State." Penn's— " Sylva ''—woods. HISTORICAL..— Named in honor of Ad- miral Penn, father of WiUiam Penn. First settlements made by Swedes. Tinieum Island s 'ttled with a polony of Swedes, 1643 ; Upland (Chester), founded 1648. Passed under rule of Dutch of New Amsterdam, 1655. Became British Territory, 1664. Province of Pennsyl- vania granted William Penn, 1681. State constitutions adopted 1776, 1790, and 1873. Adopted and ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 12, 1787. Second in order of the Thirteen Original States admitted into the Union. AREA.— Total area, 45,215 sq'iare miles; land surface, 44 985 square miles; water sur- face, 230 square miles; greatest length, east and west, 303 miles; greatest bx-eadth, north and south, 176 miles. Principal rivers: Dela- ware, Susquehanna, Alleghany, Monongahela, Ohio, and Juniata. Appalachian System of mountains and hills cover one-fourth the area. Alleghany range the highest elevation, 2,000 to 2,800 feet. CLIMATE. —Temperature, Philadelphia: Mean winter, 32°, lowest, -5''; summer, 76° liighest, 100°; average rainfall, 41.2 inches. Erie, mean winter, 27°, lowest, -16°; summer, 72°, highest, 94°; average annual rainfall, 42.1 inches. Pi.tsburg, mean winter, 30°, lowest, -12"; summer, 74°, highest, 103°; average rain- fall, 37.6 inches. POPULATION. — Pennsylvania ranked second in 1790 and 1800, third in 1810 and 1820, second fro:n 1830 to 1890. Total population, 1790, 434,373; 1800, 602,.S65; 1810, 810,091; 1820, 1,047.507; 1830, 1,.348.2,33; 1840, 1,724,033; 1850, 2,311,786; 1860, 2,906,215; 1870, 3,521,951; 1880, 4,282,891; 1890,5,2.58.014. Classification: Male, 2,666.331; female, 2,591,6^3; native, 4,412,294; foreign, 845,720; white, 5,148,257; colored, 109,757— Africans, 107,.596; Chmese, 1,146; Jap- anese, 32; Indians, 983. PRINCIPAL CITIES. — Philadelphia, largest city in State, founded 1682, one of the chief centers of foreign, domestic, and coast- wise trade, population, 1,046,964; Pittsburg sec- ond in importance and population; Pittsburg and Alleghany form chief seat of iron, steel, and glass industries in the country, popula- tions, 2:B8,617, 105.287; Scranton, a chief center of anthracite coal trade, population, 75,215; Reading, seat of extensive iron and steel manufactures, population, 58,661 ; Harrisburg, the capital, an important manufacturing town, population, 39,-385. URBAN POPULATION — Increase dur- ing past ten years large. Census of 1880 gave 56 cities and "boroughs of 4,000 or more inhabi- tants, aggregate, 1,658,523 ; census of 1890 gives 82 cities and boroughs of 4,(00 or more inhabitants ; aggregate, 2,368,607. Largest miuierical increase found in Philadelphia, increase, 199,794, or 23.58 per cent.; Pittsburg, 82,228, or .52..58 per cent. AGRICULTURE. — Principal crops are wheat, corn, rye, hay, and tobacco. Products , 1891; Corn, 46,1527,000 bushels, value, $26,520,- 462; wheat, 20,864,000 bushels, value, $20,864, 017; oats, 33,704,000 bushels, value, $12,470,312 hay, 2,997,068 tons, value, $32,967,748; tobacco 28,956,247 pounds, value, $1,984,754. Lancaster County leads all other localities in the country; produced, 1889, 19,217,800 pounds, value, $1,349,- 090. State produces large quantities of honey, maple sugar, and dairy products. HORTICULTURAL, ETC. -Pennsylva- nia has 311 nurseries, with 6,598 acres, capital invested, $4,210,805, value, $3,134,780. First seed farm in United States established, in Philadelphia, 1784. Number farms, 18; acres, 6,066, total value, farms, etc., $804,832. State has 544 florist establishments, Avith a total of 6,066,144 square feet of glass, value, $5,641,513; plant sales, $1,782,399; cut flowers, $i, 881,590. LIVE STOCK.— Of the North Atlantic division, Pennsylvania ranks second only to New York in number and value of farm ani- mals. Number and value, 1891: Horses, 621,- 831, $51,867,709; mules, 29,065, $2,963,207'; milch cows, 929,091, $2.3,459,548; cattle, 8-35,222, $18,514,790; sheep, 1,091,477, $4,178,173; swine, 1,157,613, $8,792,072. MINERALS.— State ranks among the first in mineral wealth. Coal, iron, and petroleum most valuable. Coal discovered in Schuylkill region, 1790. Coal area: Anthracite, 470 square miles; bituminous, 9.000 square miles. Regu- lar mines, 887; lo -al, 2,998. Output, 1890, anthracite, 45,544,970 tons, value, $65,721,578, practically produces ail anthracite mined in Unite! States; bituminous, 36,174,089 tons, value, $27,953,315. Ranks third in production of iron ore, 198 mines; output, 1,560,234 tons; value, $3,063,534. State produces large per- centage of total yield of petroleum. Pennsyl- vania Rock Oil Company organized 1858. Pennsylvania and New York fields yielded 21,486,000 barrels in 1889. Western Pennsyl- vania rich in natural gas. Latest reports give amount of coal displaced by natural gas, 19,282,375 tons. State has been the main source of the nickel supply. BethL hem and Friedensville are the centers of the zinc works. Serpentine, marble, limestone, sandstone, granite, and slate are extensively quarried for building. QUARRIES.- State has numerous quar- ries of fine building stones, marble, and slate. Ranks first in limestone and slate, second in sandstone and bluestone, and eighth in gran- ite. Number slate quarries, 104; value of out- put, 1889, $2,011,776. Limestone, 373 quarries, 5,188,013 cubic feet building stone quari-ied in 1889: 4,043,679 barrels of lime manufactured; total value of output, $5,188,013. Sandstone, 159 quaxTies, 17,414,875 cubic feet qixarried, value, $1,609,159. Bluestone, output, 1,100,749 cubic feet,valixe, $377,735. Granite, 64 quarries, output, 5,782,887 cubic feet, value, $623,252. MANUFACTURES.— One of the most im- portant of the manufacturing States. Leads all others in iron and steel industries,producing vast quantities of machineiy, castings, nails, and hax'dware. One of the first in production of NEW POCKET ATLAS. 37 glass, output of Pittsburg factories, about 300,000 square feet per month. State produced in 1889, 62 per cent, of total steel product; number works, 79, production, 2,7(38,253 tons, and fifty per cent, of pig iron; 224 fui'naces, production. 4,712,511 tons. Iron furnace estab- lished in Lebanon Couotj' as early as 1740. Manufactures of textile fabrics, leather, lum- ber, etc., important. COTTON AND WOOLEN MANU- FACTURES. —Among the Middle States Pennsylvania leads in cotton manufactures. State has 1.58 establishments engaged in cotton industries; had 59 in 1880; number of looms, 13,974; spindles, 439.6:«. Total capital invested .§15,884,930; number employes, 12,960—4,991 men, 6,2.58 women. 1,417 children; wages paid, $4,687,088. A^alue of materials used, S10,450,- 0.52; products, §18 431,773. State leads all others in woolen industries; number of estali- lishmeuts, 7.53, capital invested, .S6S^997,256 ". employes, 55,786— 23, .502 men, 26,802 women, 5,482 children; total wages paid. $19,800,446; cost of materials used, $53,929,476; value of products, i!89,.5:«,725. RAILWAYS.— Earliest road operated, the "Switchback.'" a coal road, opened 1826. Philadelphia & Columbia and Portage roads, 118 miles, opened 1833-:i4. State had 754 miles in operation, 1840; 1.240. 1850; 1,800, 18.55; 2,,598, 1860; 3.728, 1865; 4,6.56, 1870; 5.868, 1875; 6,191, 1880; 7,746, 1885; 8,700, 1890; January 1, 1892, 8,919. One mile to each 5 .square miles. State has 5 per cent, of total mileage of the United States. EDUCATION.— Common school law en- acted 18:34. School age, 6 21. Late.st reports give value of school property as $36,991,000. Number of pupils enrolled in public schools, 965,444; night schools, 27,:3^^s^\ ^^iJMi^. sK (? /v!^ ^»;rx" ;^ 14 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 39 DELAWARE. Del'a-war. "Blue Hen State." Named in honor of Lord de la War, Governor of Virginia. HIS rORICAL. —Earliest attempted settle- ment made liy Dutch, on Delaware River, lOol. Fii-st iWrmanent settlement made by Swedes, near present site of Wihnington, V>:iH. Swedish settlements captured by Dutch 1G.").>; Dutch conquered 1)3' English 1004. State constitution formed 1770; new one adopted 1792, amended l.Sil, and still in force. Dela- ware adopteil and ratified United States Con- stitution December 7, 1787; fii"st iu point of time of the Thirteen Original States to enter the Union. ARKA, ETC — Except Rhode Island, the smallest State in the Union. Total area, 2,050 square miles; land surface, 1,%0; water, 90; extreme breadth, 30 miles; extreme length, 110; greatest altitude, Dupout, 282 feet. Chesapeake & Delaware Canal alTords direct water communication between Philadelpliia and Baltimore, completed 1829; cost, S'5,.547.- 501 ; width. 00 feet; depth, 9 feet. Government Breakwater, Delaware Bay, begim 1828. over forty years building; cost, over §2,000,000. CLIMATK.— Peninsula almost surrounded by Delaware and Chesapeake bays; climate greatly moderated by their influence. Tem- perature at Delaware Breakwater: Mean winter, :i3°, lowest, 1^; summer, 73", highest, 93'*. Average annual rainfall. :i2.G inches. POPULATION. — Delaware ranked six- teeuth in 1790, seventeenth in 1800, nineteenth in 1810, twenty-second in 1820, twenty-fourth in 18:i0, twenty-sixtli in 1K40. thirtieth in 18."i0, thirty-second in ISOO. thirty-firth in 1S70. thirty- eighth iu 1880, and foitv-secDud in 184. POLITICAL. —State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after fii-st Monday in November, Numl)er of Senatoi"s, 9; Reprei^entatives, 21; sessions, biennial in odd-numbered yeai-s, meets Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senatoi"s, 4yeai-s: Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 3; number votei-s, 47.5.59. Voters must be actual citizens and county taxpayers, residents of State 1 year, of county 1 month, precinct 15 daj's; registration requii-ed. Idiots, insane, paupers, and criminals excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limita,tion: Judg- ments, 20 years; open accounts, 3 years; notes, years; no redemption of tax sales. Legal interest rate, ; by contract, C. iug daj'. Any holiday falling on , r' following day is observed. f VAR.— Delaware furnished a total en; 11.2:30 white troops. 91 sailors • COUNTIES. Counties. Kent, M-7 New Castle, E-6 Laud Area, Sq. Mis. . 030 . 4;J0 Pop. 1890. 32,6&4 97,182 Counties. ir^ea"^ ^^P- Sussex, S-9 900 38,047 Total 1,900 108,493 40 RAKt), McNALLY & CO 'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 41 MARYLAND. Ma'i-e-land. "Old Line." Named in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I. of England. HISTORICAL,.- Charter issued June 20, 163:i, remained in force until 1770. First per- manent settlement made at St. Mary"s, 16:J4; Annapolis founded 1649; Baltimore laid out 1730. Adopted the Federal Consi itution April 28, 1788. Seventh of the orig:inal thirteen States admitted. State constitution adopted in 177G, 1851, 1864; present one in 1867. AREA, ETC.— 12,210 square miles: land surface, 9,860 square miles: water surface, 2,350 square miles; extreme length, east and vve.st, 196 miles: breadth varies from 9 to 120 miles. Chesapeake Bay divides the State in two parts— Eastern and Western Shore. In proportion to area exceeds all other States in extent of navigable water. Greatest altitude. Great Backbone Slountain, 3.400 feet. CLI3I ATE. —Temperature at Baltimore: Winter mean, 34°, lowest, — 6°; summer, 78°, highest, 102°. Average rainfall, 44.2 inches. POPULATION. — Marvland ranked sixth in 1790, seventh in 1800, eighth in 1810, tenth in 1820, eleventh in 18^30, fifteenth in 1840. seven- teenth in 1850, nineteenth in 1800, twentieth in 1870, twenty-third in 1880, and twenty -seventh in 1890. Total population. 1790, 319,728: 1846: 1820, 407',:i50; 18;30, 447,W0; 1^0, 470,019; ia50, .583 0:^4; 1S60. 687.049: 1870, 780,894; 1880, 9.34,94:5: 1890, 1,042 .3W. Classifi- cation: Male, 515,591; female. .526,699; native, 948.094; foreign, 94,296: white, 826.493; colored, 215,897— Africans, 215,657; Chinese, 189; Jap- anese, 7; Indians, 44. PRINCIPAL CITIES. - Baltimore, me- tropolis, one of the leading places of eximit in the United States, population. 4:^4,4:39; Cum- berland, second in size, seat of bituminous coal trade, population, 12,729; Annapolis, the capi- tal, chartered as a city 1708, population, 7,604. AGRICULTURAL — State produces good croi>s corn, wheat, hay. and tobacco, peaches, small fruits, and vegetables. Latest reports give: Corn, 18,881,000 Inishels, value. S10,E-12-... 28 Calvert, K-11 .... 218 Caroline, 1-16 315 Carroll, C-9 .... 426 Cecil, C-15 375 Pop. 1890. 41,571 .34,094 72,909 434,4:39 9.860 1:3,903 32,376 25,851 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Charles, L-9 460 Dorchester, L-15, 610 Frederick, C-7- . . 6:33 Garrett. J-2 680 Harford, C-12 422 Howard, E-9 250 Kent, E-14 315 Montgomery F-7 508 Prince George, 1-9 480 Pop. 189-Petersburg to Wel- don, N. C— chai'tered 1830. Number miles in operation 1835, 93; 1840, 147; 1850, ;i84; 1^55, 912; 1860, 1.379; 18^0, 1 480; 1880, 1.893; 1885, 2.G92; 1890, 3,307; 1891, 3,550. One mile of road to each 11.94 .square miles. Second of the Southern States in railway mileage. KDUCATION. — Public school system founded 1870. Number pupils enrolled in schools 1890, :i42,2G9— 220.000 white, 122.000 colored; gain during decade, 55 per cent.; an- COUN nual expenditures about Slv500,000. School age. 5-21. State Normal school, Hampton. Number pupils in private schools, 14.836. Number colleges, 8. Washington and Lee Univei-sity, Lexington, chartered 1782. 227 students. William and Mary, Williamsburg, founded 1092, now a Normal school. LEGAL HOLiDAYS. -January 1. Janu- ary 19, Febmary 22, July 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, fast or prayer days whenever appointed. POLITICAL. — State elections, biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after fiist Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators, 40; Representatives, 100; sessions, biennial iu odd-numbered years, meets first Wednesday iu. December; limit of session, 90 days unless extended bv special vote; term of Senators, 4 years; Rejpresenta- tives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes. 12; number voters, 378,782. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 1 year, of town 3 months; registration required. Lunatics, idiots, convicts, duelists, and abettors, unless pardoned by Legislature, excluded. LEGAL. - Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments. 10 years; open accounts, 2 years; notes, 5 j-ears; redemption of tax sales, 2 yeai-s. Legal interest rate, 6. TIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Accomack, J-19.-. 500 Albemarle, H-10.. 075 Alexandria, E-15.. 32 Alleghany, J -5.... 510 Amelia, L 12 380 Amherst, J-8 490 Appomattox, L-9. 317 Augusta, n-8 950 Bath, HO 735 Bedford, L-7 675 Bland, Ml 320 Botetourt, LO 548 Brunswick, 0-12.. GOO Buchanan, B-5 4.50 Buckingham. K-10 628 Campbell, M-8 465 Caroline, 1-14 515 Carroll, 0-2 450 Charles City, L-15. 200 Charlotte, N 9.... 500 Chesterfield, L-13. 465 Clarke, D 12 255 Craig, K-4 381 Culpeper, G-12 ... 322 Cumberland, K-11 290 Dickenson, C 5 ... 375 Dinwiddle. M 13.. 529 Elizabeth City,M-17 50 Essex, M5 235 Fairfax, E-14 420 Fauquier, F 12 680 Floyd, N-4 444 Fluvanna, 1 11 280 Franklin. N-5..;.. 750 Frederick, Cll... 380 (iiles, L-2 446 Gloucester, L 16 .. 245 Goochland, J 12 .. 280 Pop. 1890. 32,379 18,597 9,28;J 9,068 17,551 9,589 37,005 4,587 31,213 5,129 14,8.54 17,245 5,867 14,:i83 41.087 16,681 15,497 5,060 15,077 26,211 8.071 3,835 13,233 9,482 5,077 30,195 16,168 10,047 16,655 22,590 14,405 9,. 508 24,9a5 17,880 9,090 11,653 9,958 Counties. Area, ty.s\ Sq.Mls, ■'^■'^• Grayson, O-l 485 14,394 Greene, H-10 200 .5,622 Greensville, O 13. 325 8,2:J0 HaUfax. 0-8 -820 ;«,424 Hanover, J 13 4.50 17,402. Henrico, K-14 2.55 103,394 Henry, 0-5 410 18.208 Highland, G-6 .... ;i89 .5,:i52 Isle of Wight, N 16 300 11,313 James City, L 16.. 140 5,043 King and (^ueen, J-15 400 9,669 King George, H14 190 6,M1 King William. J 14 270 9,605 Lancaster, J 17... 160 7,191 Lee, E-2... 429 18,216 Loudoun, D 13.... .520 23.274 Louisa. 112 470 16,997 Lunenburgh,N 11. 429 11,372 Madison, Gil 290 10,226 Matthews, L- 17... 100 7,584 Meeklenburgh, O-IO 0.58 25,359 Middlese-x, K 16... 135 7,458 Montgomery, US 422 17,742 Nansemond, 0-16. 400 19,692 Nelson, J-9 375 1.5,.3;i6 New Kent, K 15. .. 210 .5,511 Norfolk, 0-17 470 77,038 Northampton,L 19 290 10,313 Northumberland, M7 180 7,885 Nottoway, M 12... 281 11,582 Orange, H 11 360 12,814 Page, F-10 288 13,092 Patrick, 4 .521 14,147 Petersburg City, M 14 22,680 Land , , Counties. Area, '?1| Sq.Mls. ^^■'"■ Pittsylvania, N-7.- 914 .59.941 Powhatan, K 12 .. 2.55 6,791 Prince Etlward, M-10 - a48 14,G94 Prince George, M-14 208 7,872 Princess Anne, 0-18 270 9,.510 Prince William, F13 357 9,805 Pulaski, M-2 ;i45 12,790 Rappahannock, Fll. 270 8,678 Richmond. 110 .. . 210 7,146 Roanoke, L-5 321 :iO,101 Rock bridge, J-7 . . . 7 .50 2.3,062 Rockingham, G 9. 88:3 31,299 Russell, D-5 4.53 16,126 Scott, E-3 528 21,694 Shenandoah, E 10. 495 19 671 Smyth, D 7 4.50 13,.360 Southampton,0 15 567 20,078 Spottsylvania, H-13 400 14,2a3 Stafford, G 13 245 7,302 Surry, M 15 298 8,256 Sussex, N 14 420 11,100 Tazewell, C-7 .536 1 9.899 Wan-en. E-11 2:34 8,280 Warwick, M 17 ... 165 6,650 Washington, E-6.- 022 29,020 Westmoreland, H-10 170 8.399 Wise, C-4 ;585 9, ;J45 Wythe, N 1 490 18,019 York, M16 75 7..596 Total 40,125 1 ,0.55,980 44 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S o D E a H :? M N P SOUTH WESTERN PORTION OF rrankltna ^j^SM VIRGINIA. Scale of Miles, fy !^^-^. 1^!^ Jtand.JfeyUTig ^*^ lvC»'%T,.>r8f^>>*L^123T\fc,_/*X.,is/^ /C A«/p. ««o l)urgh< .. ■, 1!ll)ftl»"!Ji B L A N O cSbur^"/, HHc^burgh-^ ^^y\ R OA N Q K ^TTBaTdu'tArdO ira3f'./T/EvingYtoiJ p^pjl'"- 9*°S"'''^«" -SW.oCoi. ,.«„n^,iu-m,aea ^/y- nw ,^ ™^*5f^Gom^ Hill I? . \ Vkv- S ^ o"' yocb '8\Sta. jSkadif frrove ^-j5 ^ChMhai 1 Suv,n, Cr-^^? .-'»'»« ^Vsj^^- ^ « » C. K r, X-H-X- / _.^''l / T >^ /^ 3re^rri ik •? Smilhvllle al >$> © Q loverjDeiotX. "^ i«*^ Jn3e 5 R\ V/ .?''?i>^^ iM^H S.BostoD] 'Jim %i«^;yi''^-3L f, , ^. / Buffalo r ' |Jj(JffQITnDEa finvllle > W. R, „ jailtoDji' E Rl S O ^ A,s-w:Ei.a.t ^l EST JHOit 8t'.^WaSH1N\3TON.| |A J 2 6 10 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 45 IvlDt /Itol F R A A dT^M S WAS 7p^M^^GKE\EXWlCH.''^XA.VCASTER^C H JS^ '^ ^^\/.^^\^ - '-/^minster, ' .^H J'^'o. >77 -5/71 Xr^erlc'kcy i ^ i 1 ^F irET mKJil CK j^ ■ Ferry /('C** eJ(^>'>>vi!! 1^ ^ICH KocTi TidSn /^\ W»des/iu kerterx:) , Pos^JltU^iVm^ ODD 0>0 N^rSfe^ -¥ .Has ifar"V*r*»^v *>CKr. o,. ^/TutKUIarTborflp' i^ Tow doSi ^^i-'V 5y'C, V/^Wf^ i --5^ rxs: XGTJ)N'N / \W I L L I A •>--^ TV7i„rf^vCalterton7c ^-•^ o / 3e«kton y*!^ _N_8BoU»}lTmnla\ ., p>' o>. \L>aA,^ -^Ti Treylllsn'i XV o^ual^|»' IJ^ \ / ^''/ \T\I C* \ \.^_+ W?^ ''z!^ ^ ^ V. II i- / J^^Vmi J^* ° YNotlowaj^C^^^^^i^^^'-^^^'i^ 'IXnwlddle K 0.11. o ^ - -'i"'/o,J,\_J^D I N W I D D I E 0XuoenIiurjfh OTJITX - INENBURGH OV-Vvn.,.BUs«j»r-''±>'^/-i „-, -f. „ JturgeonTV. tjJVvr l^fj'^ Coiumt/KW Gr. \l.i~.n ^^^ftJ \ Y •twess ~ .o« VO m gh ^^^ WKU> ediina ^^ .Jj*l ^t- iWhaley y. ^ Creek w ^ft^ WW 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 46 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 47 WEST VIRGINIA. Vir-jin'e-a. ''Little Mountain." HISTORIC VL — Formed from northwest- ern portion of Virginia. Representatives from forty comities, met in convention at Wheeling, June 11, 1861, rejected the ordinance of se- cession and oi-ganized a State Government. State constitution adopted May 3, 1863. State admitted into the Union June 20, 1863. AREA, ETC.— 24,780 square miles; land surface, 24,645; water, 135; extreme length, nearly 240 miles; breadth, 160 miles; greatest altitude. Spruce Mountain, 4,860 feet. Ohio, Big Sandy, Kanawha, Guyandotte, and Monon- gahela are navigable rivers. State famed for beauty and grandeur of its mountain scenery and valuable mineral springs. CLI3I ATE.— Temperature at Morgantown: Mean winter, 35°, extreme, — 10°; summer, 74°, extreme. 07°; average rainfall, 46.9 inches. POPULATION. — West Virginia ranked twenty-seventh in 1870, twenty-ninth in 1880, twenty-eighth in 1890. Total population, 1870, 442,014; 1880, 618,457; 1890, 762,794. Classifi- cation: Male, 390,285; female, 372,509; native, 743,911; foreign, 18,a83; white, 7:30 077; colored, ;32, 717— Africans, 32,690; Chinese, 15; Japanese, 3; Indians, 9. PRINCIPAL CITIES Wlieeling, "Nail City,'' metropolis of State, noted for extensive manufactures of iron and steel, glass, and pottery, population, ;i4,522; Huntington, second in size, population, 10,108; Parivers- burg, cenfer of yjetroleum industry, population, 8,408. Charleston, capital, population, 6,742. AGRICULTURAL, ETC.-Chief products, wheat, corn, hay, tobacco, and oats. Cereal products, 1891 : Corn, 18,888,000 bushels, value. $9,822,000; wheat, 3.423.000 bushels, value, S3,285,733; oats, 2,3a5,000 bushels. Tobacco product, 2,602,021 pounds. Live stock interests are extensive; number farm animals, 1891, 1,648,950, value, S"'3.846,908. 3IINERALS. — Coal the most important. Area. 16,000 square miles; 115 regular mines, 996 local; output, 1889, 6.231,880 tons, value, $5,080,584. Ii'on ores abundant, but not exten- sively mined. Salt springs exist in Kanawha and Ohio valleys, yearly product about 250,000 bushels. IVIANUFACTURES Leading industries: Iron and steel, tobacco, glass, pottery, coke, flour, and leather. State ranks fourth in the South in pig iron, production, 1890, 108,764; ranks fom'th in United States in steel, pro- duced 18^3,225 tons in 1890, industry begun since 1880. Coke, 240,386 tons, value, $405,635. RAILAVAYS — State has one mile of rail- way to each 15.32 square miles. There were 97 miles of road in operation in 1850; 241, 1855; ;352, 1860: 387, 1870; 576, 1875; 691, 1880; 1,0:38, 188.5: 1..547. 1891. EDUCATION. — School system adopted 1863. Permanent school fund, $651,000. Number pupils in public schools, 193,293. School age, 6-21. State Normal schools, Fair- mont, Glenville, Huntington, West Liberty. Number pupils in private schools, 4,607. Number colleges, 7. University of West Vir- ginia, Morgautown, organized 1867. POLITICAL. — State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number Senators. 26; Representatives, 65; sessions, biennial in odd- numbered years, meets second AVednesday in January; limit of session. 45 daj's; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives. 2 years. Number electoral votes, 6; number voters, 181,400. Voters must be actual citizens, resi- dents of State, 1 year, county, 60 days; regis- tration prohibited. Lunatics, paupers, and convicts excluded. LEGAL HOLIDAYS January 1, Febru- ary 22, Julv 4. Thanksgiving, and December 25. CIVIL '"WAR — West Virginia furnished 32,068 men— 31,872 white troops and 196 colored: number deaths, 4,017. State has 9,787 i>ensioners. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 years; open accounts 5; notes, 10; redemption of tax sales, 1 year. Legal interest rate, 6. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, . o-iV Sq. Mis. ^^^■ Barbour, E-11 .... 395 12,'702 Berkeley, C-19...- 320 18,702 Boone, K-4 515 6,885 Braxton, H-8 565 1:3,928 Brooke, M-15 &i 6,660 Cabell, 1-2 :300 2:3,595 Calhoun, G-6 260 8,155 Clay. 1-7 325 4,659 Doddridge, D-8.-- 475 12,183 Fayette, L-6 750 20, 542 Gilmer, G-7 :3;30 9,746 Grant, E-14 4'X) 6 802 Greenbrier, L-9. . 1 ,0.50 18,0:34 Hampshire, D-16. .5.50 11,419 Hancock. L-15.... 92 6,414 Hardy. F-16 400 7,567 Harrison, E-10.-- 464 21,919 Jackson, G-4 470 19,021 Jeflferson, D-20... 280 15,553 Land Area, Sq. Mis. ... 825 ... 400 Counties. Kanawha, 1-5 Lewis. F-9.... Lincoln. J-3 460 675 680 ;314 !^8 440 420 370 :325 460 Logan, L-3- McDowell, 0-4 .. Marion. C-10 ... Marshall, P-15... Mason, H-3. . . . Mercer, 0-6 3Iineral, D-15 Monongalia, B-11 Monroe, N-9 Morgan, C-18 2:30 Nicholas, J-8 720 Ohio, N-15 120 Pendleton, H-14.. 650 Pleasants, D-6.--. 150 Pocahontas, J-11. 765 Pop. 1890. 42.756 15,895 11,1^6 11,101 7.:300 20,721 20,7.35 22,863 16,002 12,085 15.705 12,429 6,744 9,:309 41, .5.57 8.711 7. .5:39 6,814 Land p Counties. Area, ^ ^fS' Sq. Mis. ^"'^■ Preston, C-12 709 20,:3.55 Putnam, 1-4 ;3.50 14,:342 Raleigh, M-5 570 9,597 Randolph. H-12 -1.175 11,6:3:3 Ritchie, E-7 512 16,621 Roane. G-5 . 470 15,:303 Summers, N-8..-- 400 1:3,117 Taylor, Ell 177 12,147 Tucker. F-13 500 6,4.59 Tyler, C-7 ;3:30 1 1 ,902 Upshur, G-10 350 12.714 Wayne. K-1 445 18,652 Webster. 1-9 415 4,783 Wetzel. B-8 5.50 16.841 Wirt, F 5 290 9,41 1 W^ood, E-5 375 28,612 Wyoming, N-4 . .. 660 6.247 Total 24,645 762,794 48 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 49 NORTH CAROLINA. Old North State." 'Tar State." Named in honor of Charles I. of England. HISTORICAL.— First attempted coloniza- tion July 23, 1587, Virginia colonists settled at Duranfs Neck 1653 to 1660; Colon^^ of Claren- don, the real foundation of North Carohna, established, 1665. "Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence" adopted May 20, 1775. One of the Thirteen Original States, ratified the Constitution Nov. 21, 1789. AREA. — 52,200 square miles; land area, 48,580 square miles; water surface. 3,670 square miles; extreme length, east and west, 503 miles; extreme breadth, 187 miles; shore line over 300 miles. Greatest altitude. 0,688 feet. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Charlotte: Mean winter, 41°, extreme, — 5"; summer, 79°, extreme, 102°; Wilmington, winter, 47°, ex- treme, 9° ; summer, 80°, extreme,103°. Average annual rainfall, Charlotte, 54.8 inches; Wil- mington, 57.5 inches. •POPULATION.— North Carolina ranked third in 1790, fourth in 1800, 1810. and 1820, fifth in 1830, seventh in 1840, tenth in 1850, twelfth in 1860, foiu-teenth in 1870, fifteenth in 188:^1^ 9«^^««7^M- *^ / Aiken V\ y O rmutrlii^ , ---'■•.^CJnftsou (5J[|- ' ^o _^"*pfl''t%r^ \^^ * \Z^ ■ ;ji Green BjCQV^^BarnweilV W 4. 1/ J - t »■ ■■'si/wost tnFoi Munoef] .♦■ -; «T«) cl^^VVjjt Point -/8°'! s iattoni> CUntoq _^. 4i ,^^\\« ,4T*V(«6nvni ■$^i^»*'' /ysCR EVEH' '^ V ^^/KocTiy Ford f Thrift , CocTiri ^Tennillo; Gordon HSONV J W I G G JV ,^^ , ^ \ r, VXl"**// B UJL L C »^%jM^ -^ -tf" ft -'AiT, I •' /—I /v CO 'u^^ — - -"t '-T" \-»/ -^ Areola^ ^*ffn,.„\c^^ ^ <^iCu:M;'. ■5e?fora (5' /.lllncsvllle 'erry'e Miltt^ Je ^ _ . i* ^■\INiOS| b/" <^ ejjouea's"-^ r^» Tarb^oughi :adci» Hilla,\. ADFOW \i^^ ^^mi LLlvcOak '^ ■^iiilie^ty- If ©Bttl o -Radford/ ^'fC^;:^ "^<^f ^^U 9 9 10 U 13 19 H NEW POCKET ATLAS. 53 GEORGIA. JOr'je-a. "Cracker State." Xamed in honor of George n, of England. HISTORICAL. — First important settle- ment made by English at Savannah, February 1, 173-3; became a Royal Colony, 1752; last of the Thirteen Original States settled, but fourth in point of time to ratify the Constitution of the United States; admitted into the Union January 2, 1788. Adopted a State constitution February 5, 1777; a second constitution was ratified January 4, 1789; a new one 1798, 1868, 1877. State seceded January, 1861 ; re-admitted December, 1870. AREA, ETC — Total area, 59,475 square miles; land, 58,980 square miles; water, 495 square miles; extreme length, north to south, 320 miles; greatest breadth, 256 miles. Georgia has a coast line of 128 miles, shores skirted with a chain of islands, which, with main shoi'e, constitute 480 miles of coast. Numer- ous navigable rivers furnish an abundant water-power. State celebrated for its fine mountain scenery and the great beauty and grandeur of its many waterfalls. CLIMATE Temperature at Atlanta: Mean winter, 43°, extreme, —2°; summer, 78°, extreme, 100°; Augusta, winter. 47°, extreme. 6°; summer, 82°, extreme, 105°; Savannah, winter, 51°, extreme, 12°; summer, 82°, ex- treme, 105°. Average annual rainfall, Atlanta, 559 inches; Augusta, 48.6 inches; Savannah, "JPOPUIiATIOX. — Georgia ranked thir- teenth in 1790, twelfth in 1800, eleventh in 1810 and 1820, tenth in laSO. ninth in 1840 and 1850, eleventh in 1860, twelfth m 1870, thir- teenth in 1880, and twelfth in 1890. Total pop- ulation, 1790, 82.548; 1800. 162,686; 1810, 2.52.- 433; 1820, :340,985; 1830, 516 823; 1^0, 691.392 ia50, 906,185: 1860, 1.057,286; 1870, 1,184.109 laSO. 1,542,180; 1890, 1,837.353. Classification Male, 919,925; female, 917,428; native, 1,825,- 216; foreign, 12,137; white, 978,'i57; colored, &58, 996 -Africans, &58,815; Chinese, 108; Japan- ese. 5; Indians, 68. PRINCIPAT. CITIES Atlanta, the cap- ital, ati important railway and manufacturing center, population, 65,533; Savannah, a com- mercial center, the largest seaport, and termi- nus of important railway lines, population, 43.18'J; Augusta, an extensive cotton market and principal center of cot>ton manufactures, population, 33,300: Macon, center of the educa- tional interests, population, 22.746; Columbus, a large cotton market, population, 17.303. URBAN POFDL.ATION. —State had nineteen cities and towns in 1880 with an ag- gregate population of 1.54,196; aggregate of same places in 1890, 249,128; increase, 94.9:t2. or 61. .57 per cent. Greatest numerical increases found in Atlanta, 28,1'^; Savannah, 12.480; Augusta, 11.409. Percentages of increase greatest in "Waycross, 4:^ per cent.; Bruns- wick, 192.60 per cent.; Thomasville, 115.81 per cent. ; Rome, 79.44 per cent. ; Macon, 78.41 per cent.; Americus, 76.01 per cent.; Atlanta, 75.18 per cent. AGRICULTURE — Nearly all productions of temperate and sub-tropical regions are suc- cessfully cultivated. Corn and cotton are the staple crops. Latest reports give crops: Corn, 37,829.000 bushels, value, S26. 102,070; cotton, 1,210,000 bales, value. .S41,&42,000; oats, 7,238,0(X) bushels, value, S4,.342,7.54; annual production of sweet potatoes, 5,000,000 bushels; rice, : 25,000 000 pounds. Sugar-cane, tobacco, and , peanuts are grown. Cultivation of melons, ; tomatoes, and vegetables for Northern mar- kets an important industry. Fruits of tem- perate and sub-tropical regions cultivated. Viticulture a growing industry; State hasl.9;i8 acres of bearing vines and 2.1.54 acres in new vineyards. In 1889, 3,976.000 pnmds of table grapes and 107,666 gallons of wine were pro- duced. Value of all farm products, 1890, S95,- 980.600. LIVE STOCK — During the past decade great improvement has been made in all grades of farm animals. Number and value 1891: Horses, 104,;309, value. .S8.4.50,S07: mules, 157.257, S14.916.9.59; milch cows, a54..58;i $6.:382,- 494; oxen and other cattle, 569,200. $5.613.4.^0; sheep, 383.017, $673,9.56; swine, 1,691,275, $5.- 692,8;«. FORESTRY AND LUMBER — State has an estimated area of 17,200,(X)O acres under forest. Wealth of the forests large and varied; Georgia pine leads all other varieties of that species in value and importance. Es- timated amount of pine still standing, 18,130,- j 000,000 feet. Geoi-gia forests furnish the most • valuable ship-timber grown in the United States. Atlantic coast line has a si rip of live- oak timber 100 miles long and fifteen miles wide. There are 472 large saw-mills and wood-working establishments; value of lum- ber, sliingles, etc.. in 1S90. $8,253,000. MINERAL AVEALTH.— The abundant and varied mineral resources are largely im- develoi)ed. Iron ores exist in inexhaustible quantities. Georgia ranked twelfth in 1890 among iron-producing States; stands second only to Virgmia in production of manganese [ ores. Coal area in northwest covers 300 1 square miles, output 1889, 225,9:34 tons. Amount of gold deposited at mints and assay ' offices, from organization to January, 1891, S8.- 1 872.130. Building stone, marble, and slate are | abundant. State ranks sixth in production of i granite, value of output, §7.52.481 ; number cubic feet quarried, 2,425,622. Value of marble quar- ried in 1889, $196,2.50. An imix)rtant vein of black marble has been opened and is being developed. Cherokee and Pickens counties are principal seats of the industry. i MANUFACTURES. —Georgia leads the Southern States in cotton manufactures. Numb-r mills .53, looms 10,206, spindles 436,- 973; amount of cotton manufactured into goods, 68,994.616 pounds. There are 19 estab- lishments engaged in the woolen industry; capital invested; $444.03:3, employes 528. value products, S'^0.095. Amount of pig iron pro- duced, 1890, 35,747 tons. Manufacture of lum- ber and naval stores among the most im- Ijortant industries of the State. Value of 54 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S naval stores— tar, pitch, resin, and turpentine — shipped from Savannah and Brunswick ex- ceeds $3,000,000 annually. Annual value of all manufactures over $70,000,000. ;RAIL,WAY,S. — Georgia leads the Southern States in railway mileage. January, 1892, State had 4,826 miles of road in operation, or one mile of road to each 12.3 square miles. Number miles of road 1840, 185; 1850, 643; 1855, 1,020; 1860 and 1865, 1,420; 1870, 1,845; 1875, 2,264; 1880, 2,459; 1885, 3,116; 1890, 4,592; 1891, 4,826. EDUCATION. — Previous to Civil War State had no system of common schools. Present system went into effect 1873. Number pupils in public schools 1889, 342,562; expendi- tures, $967,590. School age, 6-18. Number pupils in private schools, 49,131. State has 7 colleges, 17 seminaries, and 86 academies. University of Georgia, Athens, oi'ganized 1785. I.EGAL HOI.IDAYS January 1 and 19, February 22, April 26, July 4, Thanksgiving, and December 25. POL.ITICAL. — State elections biennial, first Wednesday in October. Congression- al and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number of Sena- t irs, 44; Representatives, 175; term, 2 years; sessions biennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in November; limit of session, 40 days. Number of electoral votes, 13; number voters, 398,122. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State, 1 year, of county, 6 months. Idiots, insane, and crim- inals excluded. L.EGAL,. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 7 years; open accounts, 4; notes, 7; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 7 ; by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, ., qoa' Sq. Mis. ■^^''*^- Appling, P-10 . . .1,074 8,676 Baker, Q-4 355 6,144 Baldwin, J-7-... 240 14,608 Banks, E-6 - 359 8,562 Bartow, E-3 491 20,616 Berrien, 0,-7 .--- 745 10,694 Bibb,K-6 235 42.370 Brooks, S-6 529 13,979 Bryan, N-13 400 5,520 Bulloch, L-12..-- 903 13,712 Burke, J-11 1,080 28,501 Butts, 1-5... 204 10,565 Calhoun, P-3 ... 265 8,438 Canul^n, R-12... 769 6,178 Campbell, H-3.-- 230 9,115 Carroll, H-2. 549 22,301 Catoosa, C-2 . . . . 1 49 5. 431 Charlton, 8-10.-1,055 3,3;35 Chatham, N-14.. 433 57,740 Chattahoochee, M-3 220 4,902 Chattooga, E-l.. 331 11,202 Cherokee, F-4... 409 15.412 Clarke, G-7 140 15,181 Clay, 0-2... 192 7,817 Clayton, H-4.... 1.35 8,295 Clinch, R-9 988 6,652 Cobb, G-3 379 22,286 Coffee, P-8 1 145 10,483 Colquitt, Q 6.... 5.50 4,794 Columbia, H-10.. 3.33 11,281 Coweta. 1-3 506 22,3.54 Crawford, L-5.-. 324 9,315 Dade, C-1 186 5,707 Dawson, E-5 192 5,612 Decatur, R-4.... 1,106 19,949 Dekalb, G-4 269 17,189 Dodge, N-8 414 11,452 Dooly, N-6 705 18,146 Dougherty, P-4.. 312 12,206 Douglas, H-3.... 178 7,794 Early. Q3 429 9,792 Echols, S-8 390 3,079 Effingham, L-13. 449 5,599 Elbert, F-8 406 15,376 Emanuel, L-10 .. 1,026 14,703 Fannin, C-4 409 8,724 Land p Counties. Area, ^Qon' Sq. Mis. •^'^*^"- Fayette, 1-3 1 62 8, 728 Floyd, F-2 539 28,391 Forsyth, F-5 297 11,155 Frankhn, E-7 ... 359 14,670 Fulton, G-4 166 84,655 Gilmer, D-4 452 9,074 Glascock, 1-9.... 90 3,720 Glynn, Q-12 427 13,420 Gordon, D-2 351 12,758 Greene, 1-7 361 17,051 Gwinnett, G-5 . 450 19,899 Habersham, D-6, 347 11,573 Hall, E-6. 497 18,047 Hancock, J-8.... 474 17,149 Haralson, G-1... 269 11,316 Harris, K-2 423 16,797 Hart, E-8 381 10,887 Heard, 1-2 290 9,557 Henry, 1-4 322 16,220 Houston, M-6-... 570 21,613 Irwin, P-7 601 6,316 Jackson, F-6--.. 328 19.176 Jasper, 1-6. ..... 380 13,879 Jefferson, J-IO... 640 17,213 Johnson, L-9 266 6,129 Jone.s. J-6 386 12,709 Laurens, M-8 ... 761 13,747 Lee, 5 360 9,074 Liberty, 0-12.... 966 12,887 Lincoln, G-9 309 6,146 Lowndes, S-7...- 4-31 15,102 Lumpkin, D-5... 267 6,867 McDuffie, 1-9 .... 2.35 8,789 Mcintosh, P-13.. 419 6,470 Macon, M-5 288 13,183 Madison, F-7.... 300 11,024 Marion, M-4 330 7,728 Meriwether, J-3. 552 20,740 Miller, Q-3 240 4,275 Milton. F-4 110 6,208 Mitchell, Q-5.... 507 10,906 Monroe, J-5 490 19,137 Montgomery, N-9 763 9.248 Morgan, H-6.-.. 322 16,041 Murray, C-3 410 8,461 Muscogee, L-2 .. 244 27,761 Land p Counties. Area, foi^ Sq. Mis. ^^^"• Newton, H-5 260 14,310 Oconee, G-7 168 7,713 Oglethorpe. G-8. 528 16,951 Paulding. G-2 .. 340 11,948 Pickens, E-4 276 8,182 Pierce, Q-il..... 555 6,379 Pike, J-4 262 16,300 Polk, G-2 -.-- 330 14,945 Pulaski, M-7 4.35 16,.599 Putnam, 17 335 14,842 Quitman, 0-2 168 4,471 Rabun. C-7 464 5,606 Randolph, 0-3 .. 449 1.5,267 Richmond, l-ll.- 329 45,194 Rockdale, H-5--. 126 6,813 Schley, M-4 163 5,443 Screven, K-12... 786 14,424 Spalding, J-4.... 189 13,117 Stewart, N-3 .... 450 15,682 Sumter, N-5 515 22,107 Talbot, K-3 360 13, 258 Taliaferro, H-8.- 168 7,291 Tattnall. N-11 . - .1.123 10,253 Taylor, L-4 356 8,666 Telfair, 0-8 491 5,477 Terrell. 0-4 320 14,503 Thomas, S-5 784 26,154 Towns, C-6 180 4,061 Troup. J-2 493 20,723 Twiggs. L-7 376 8,195 Union, C-5 325 7,749 Upson, K-4 321 12,188 Walker, C-1 404 13,282 Walton. G-C ---. 389 17 467 Ware, Q-10 893 8,811 Warren, 1-9 264 10,957 Washington, J-10 688 25,237 Wayne, P-11 .... 721 7,485 Webster, N-3 225 5,695 White, D-6 170 6,151 Whitfield, C-2... 285 12,916 Wilcox, 0-7 563 7.980 Wilkes, G-9 464 18,081 Wilkinson, K-7.. 417 10,781 Worth, P-6 750 10,048 Total.... 58,P80 l,aS7,353 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 55 FLORIDA. Flor'e-dah. "Peninsular State.' After Easter Sunday; Spanisli, Pascua-Florida. HISTORICAL,.— Mainland discovered by Ponce de Leon on Easter Sunday, 1512. Settled by Spaniards at St. Augustine in 1565. Florida ceded to Great Britain 1763; retro- ceded to Spain 1788; ceded to the United States in 1821. Territory organized 1822; admitted March 3, 1845; seceded 1861, re- admitted 1868. AREA, ETC. — 58,680 square miles; land area, 54,240 square miles; water, 4,440. Coast- line 1,200 miles. Extreme length, 700 miles; length of peninsula, 275 miles; average breadth, 90 miles. G.-eatePt elevation, 250 feet. CL 1 MATE. — Temperature at Jacksonville: Mean winter, 55°, extreme, 15°; siunmer, 82°, extreme, 104°; Key West, winter 70', extreme, 41°; summer, 84°, extreme, 100°; Pensacola, winter, 52°, extreme, 15°; summer, 81°, ex- treme, 99°. Average annual rainfall, Jackson- ville, 56.3 inches; Key West, 39.9 inches; Pen- sacola, 63.6 inches. POPULATION — Florida ranked twenty- sixth in 18^30, twenty -seventh in 1840, thirty- first in 1850 and 1860. thirty-third in 1870, thirty- fourth in 1880, and thirty-second in 1890. Total population, 1830, 34,730; 1840, 54,477; 1850, 87,- 445; 1860, 140,424; 1870, 187,748; 1880, 269,493; 1890, 391,422. Classification: Male, 201,947; female, 189,475; native, 368.490; foreign 22,932; white, 224,949; colored, 166,47:3— Africans, 166,- 180; Chinese, 108; Japanese, 14; Indians, 171. PRINCIPAL CITIES. — Key West, the largest city; population. 18,080. Jacksonville, an important commercial point: population, 17,201. Pensacola, a port of entry; population. 11,750; increase during decade, 4,905. Tampa, population, 5,532; increase, 4,812. St. Angus tine, oldest city in United States; population, 4,742. Tallahassee, the capital; population, 2 934 ' AGRICULTURE.— Principal crops, 1891: Corn, 5,460,000 bushels; cotton, 80,000 bales. Of the famous Sea Island cotton Florida pro- duces more than 56 per cent, of total yield; tobacco, 470,443 pounds. Total mmiber farm animals 1891, 1,157.419, value, $10,117,567. COUN HORTICULTURE.— State has 38,935 acres under bearing orange trees ; total yield, 1890, 3,146,740 boxes; value, ^298,014. Number pineapples produced, 10,452,499, value, $812,159; lemons, 252,948 boxes, value, $450,247; pecans, 6,439,140 poimds, value, $804,892; cocoanuts, 6,542,120, value, $251,217; of hmes 46,294 boxes were produced, value, $62,496. PHOSPHATES.— Most important of the mineral resources of the State, discovered 1888. Chief source of the world's supply. Value of shipments 1890, $338,190. Number mining com- panies 1891, 215 :output estimated at 2.50, 0 tons. MANUFACTURES. — The production of pine liunber, naval stores, cigars, and cotton- seed oil are the chief manufactures. Value of cigars manufactured at Key West. $5,000,000. RAILAVAYS.— Number of miles of road in 185(Jand 1855,21; 1860,402; 1865,416; 1870,446; 1875, 484; 1880, 518; 1885, 1,654; 1890, 2,489; 1891, 2,573. EDUCATION State has 91,118 pupils en- rolled in public schools, and 5,815 in private schools. School age, 4-21. Normal schools at DeFuniak Springs and Tallahassee. State University at Tallaha.ssee organized 1884. LEG.vL HOLIDAYS — January 1, Febru- ary 22, July 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, and any general election, POLITICAL. — State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 32; Representatives, 76; sessions, biennial in odd- immbered years, meets Tuesday after fifst Monday in April; limit of session, 60 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 4. Num- ber of voters, 96.213, Voters must be citizens or declaretl intention, residents of State 1 year, of county, 6 months; registration re- (iuired. Idiots, insane, criminals, bettors on elections, and duelists excluded. LEG AL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments. 20 years; open accounts, 2; notes, 5; redemption of tax sales. 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 8; by contract, 10. TIES. Land p Counties. Area, t^Qn Sq. Mis. ^'^^"• Alachua, D-8 1,282 22,954 Baker, B-9 538 3,333 Bradford, C-8 560 7,516 Brevard, K-13 2,446 3,401 Calhoun, B-1 1,080 1,681 Citrus, G-8 592 2,394 Clay, C-10 634 5,154 Columbia, B-8---. 862 12,877 Dade, Q-13 5,636 861 De Soto, M-10 3,272 4,944 Duval. B-10 900 26,800 Escambia. P-1 680 20,188 Franklin, D-2 690 3,308 Gadsden, A-3 550 11,894 Hamilton, B-7..-- 576 8,507 Hernando, H 8 . . 520 2,476 Land p Counties. Area, f^L' Sq. Mis. ^^•^• Hillsborough, J-8 1,280 14,941 Holmes, 0-5 535 4,336 Jackson, 0-7 990 17,544 Jefferson, B-4 600 15,757 La Fayette, D-6.. 1,008 3,686 Lake, H-10 1,100 8,0;34 Lee, P-11 4,000 1,414 Leon, B-4 910 17,752 Levy, F-7 -1,104 6,!586 Liberty, C-2 800 1 ,452 Madison, B-5 830 14,.316 Manatee, L-8 1,240 2,895 Marion, F-9 1,600 20,796 Monroe, S-12 692 18,786 Nassau, A-10 640 8,294 Land p Counties. Area, .^r^^' Sq.Mls. ^^•^"• Orange, H-11 1,.566 12 5&4 Osceola, J-11 1.758 3,133 Pasco, 1-8 800 4,249 Polk, J-10 2,060 7,905 Putnam, D-10 776 11,186 Saint Johns, D-11. 990 8,712 Santa Rosa. P-2 ..1,296 7,961 Sumter, H-9 600 5,363 Suwannee, C-7...- 640 10,524 Taylor, C-5 1,079 2,122 Volusia, F-11 1.288 8,467 Wakulla, C-3 540 3,117 Walton, P-4 1,360 4,816 Washington, Q-6 .1,340 6,426 Total 54,240 391,422 56 RAND. McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 57 CD I a A< C? PS CO p RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 59 ALABAMA. Al-a-bah'mah. "Cotton State." Indian — Here we rest. HISTORTCAI.. — First settlement made »IINERAI.S.— State ranked seventh as a near Mobile Ba\' 1702 Territory organized 1817; admitted into the Union December 14, 1819, being the ninth State admitted ; seceded in 1861 ; readmitted July, 1868. AREA, ETC. -Total area, 52,2.50 square miles; water, 710 square miles; land, 51,540. Extreme length, .336 miles; greatest breadth, 200 miles. Seacoast, .58 miles. Greatest alti- tude, 2,407 feet. 1,500 miles navigable rivers. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Mobile: Mean winter, .50°, extreme, 11°; summer, 82°, extreme, 101°. Montgomery, winter, 48°, extreme, 5°; summer, 82°, extreme. 107°. Average annual rainfall: Mobile, 64.1 inches; Montgomery, 53.3 inches. POPULATION. — Alabama ranked nine- teenth iu 1820, fifteenth in 1830, twelfth in 1840 and 1850, thirteenth in 1860, sixteenth in 1870, seventeenth in 1880 and 1890. Total pop- ulation 1820, 127.901; 1830, 309..527: 1840, 590,- 7.56; 1850, 771.623; 1860, 964,201; 1870. 996,992; 1880, 1,262,505; 1890, 1,.513,017. Classification: Male, 747,456; female, 7.55..561; native, 1,498,- 240; foreign, 14,777; white, 833,718; colored, 679,299— Africans, 678,489; Chinese, 48; Japan- ese, 3; Indian. 759. PRINCIPAL, CITIES — Mobile, the me- tropolis, founded by French, 1711, population, 31,076; Birmingham, second in importance, population, 1890, 26,178; increase during de- cade, 23,092. Montgomerv, capital, popula- tion, 21.mi. Anniston, 9,99K. AGRICULTURE — Principal staple, cot- ton; State ranks fourth in jiroduction. L'rop of 1891, 1,060,000 bales; corn rankssecoud. ;J2,245,- 000 bushels grown in 1891 ; v.heat, 2,251,000 hm-h- els; oats, 5,180,000 bushels. Alahama ranks fourth in production of sweet potatoes. "\'alue of all farm products, 1890, $92,876,500. producer of iron ore in 1880, and second in 1890. Output 1,570,319 tons, value, $1,511,611. Coal area 8,660 square miles; output, 1880, .323.972 tons: 1889, :i.572,983 tons. MAN UFACTURES.— State occupied tenth place as producer of pig ii'on in 1880, third in 1890. Production. 18JHJ, 890,4:32 tons: increase, 1.328 percent. Value of lumber, shingles, etc., manufactured in 1890, $10,321,000. Number cotton mills in State 1890, 13. RAILWAYS. — Number miles iu operation 18:35 and 1840, 46: 1850, 183: 1855, 3;}4; 1860, 74:3; 186.5, 805: 1870, 1,157: 1875, 1.7:32; 1880, 1,843; 188.5, 2,22.5; 1890, 3,422; 1891, 3,601. EDUCATION.— Number pupils in public schools, 302.949; in private schools, 24,103; school age, 7-21. State has 5 colleges. Uni- versity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, founded 1831. LEGAL HO LI OATS — January 1, Febru- ary 22, Mardi Gras, April 26, Good Friday, July 4, Thanksgiving, and December 25. POLITICAL. — State elections, biennial, first Monday in August. Congressional and presidential elections, Tuesday afier first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 33; Representatives, 100: term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years; sessions, bi- ennial, in even-numbered years, meeting first Tuesday after second Monday in November; limit of session, 50 days. Number electoral votes, 11; number voters, :324,822. Voters must be actual citizens or declared intention, resi- lent of State 1 year, of county 3 months, town and precinct 30 days; registration re- quired. Convicts and idiots excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitations: Judg- ments, 20 years: open accounts, 3; notes, 6: redemption of tax sales, 2*2 years. Legal interest rate. 8. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, loriV Sq. Mis. ^^•^• Autauga, L-8 .-.- 660 13,-3:30 Baldwin, T-4 1,620 8,941 Barbour, 0-12... 888 34,898 Bibb, J-6 -625 1.3,824 Blount, E-8 752 21,927 Bullock, N-11 .... 640 27,063 Butler, 0-8 782 21,641 Calhoun, F-11 ... 640 .3:3,835 Chambers, J-12.. 600 26,319 Cherokee, Ell .. 586 20,459 Chilton, K-8 710 14,549 Choctaw, N-2.... 916 17,526 Clarke, P-4 1,160 22,624 Clay, 111 599 15,765 Cleburne, G-12... 545 13,218 Coffee, Q-10 728 12,170 Colbert, B-4 556 20,189 Conecuh, Q-7 .... 804 14,594 Coosa, J-9 684 15,906 Covington, R-8 .. 994 7,5.36 Crenshaw, P-9..-. 640 15,425 Culhnan, E-7 577 13,439 Dale, Q-11 660 17,225 Land p Counties. Area, ^q(L' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Dalla.s, M-6 954 49,.350 Dekalb, C-11 760 21,106 Elmore, L-9 _ 6.52 21 , 7:32 Escambia. R-6... 972 8,666 Etowah, E-10.... 510 21.926 Faj-etie, G-4 700 12,823 Franklin, D4 ... 620 10,681 Geneva, S-11 640 10,690 Greene, K-3 .544 22,007 Hale, K-4 7:32 27,501 Henry, Q-13 984 ^4,847 Jackson. B-10.... 1,144 28.026 Jeffer.son, G-7... 1,092 88,.501 Lamar, F-3 612 14,187 Lauderdale, B-4 . 682 2:3,739 Lawrence, C-5 ... 768 20,725 Lee, L-12 610 28,694 Limestone, B-7 .. 596 21,201 LowTides, N-8 720 31,550 Macon, M-11 622 18,4.39 Madison, B-8 796 :38,119 Marengo. M-4.... 960 33,095 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Marion, E-4 796 3Iarshall, D-9--.. .580 Mobile, T-2. 1,234 Monroe, P-5 990 Montgomeiy, N-9 772 ilorgan, C7 686 Perry, L-6 774 Pickens, 1-3 9:34 Pike, O-IO. 710 Randolph, 1-12... 599 Russell, M-13 .-.. 670 Shelby, 1-8 772 St. Clair. G-9 648 Sumter, L-3 970 TaUadc'ga, H-9... 7^ Tallapoosa, J-11 . 795 Tuscaloosa, 1-5.-1,346 Walker, F-6 824 Washington, Q-3-1. 050 Wilcox. 0-5 940 Winston, E-5 6:30 Total 51,540 1. Pop. 1890. 11,-347 18,9.35 51,.587 18,990 56,172 24.089 29,-3:32 22,470 24,423 17,219 24,093 20,886 1 17,:3.53 29,574 29,-346 25,460 j 30,352 16,078 ! 7,9-35 f 30,816 .6,. 552 I 51-3,017 I J 60 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S M N ■*?^ a^l J" E piu»aroun ton /Bi/oiiei-. -if Tu.mw*** JPRVNTraS ar/TCOlBEBT ^Honsto: OHICKASAWi' Del Green MARION CoihkXGinJ'orB ^^ M o;yN R o'ij / erdeQiJ /7 Xot i ''.""do n 7Tr7'"^'>"°4BB£HTt A R R LI I/, S^o \ ^ ^i^/M'^ ^2yjE USA l.JosejTj®^ V ^;f V, t ^o <>■ yll /M'Saison Sta\ 8 T T cHarpt ravUle (ton ^ .^aleliiU q, Braxton r C P 1/ A H \^ ' J^ ^ ° "rtiylon^/g NESHOBA » V oBeeck. Spri 'iXnlon eSeca H^E W TON fuldiiiK<3 Qloster lA M „ I \/l ® l.H>Vrty Ccnlrevtll ^^/s^ ^ ^OIlnl ^ ST. ( \.<^. *- l.'Moii Beb Silver Crc^ \ X WigHimsl ..covin'qYon tlcallu ^ v^ L A W,uiB E E / K E,M P E\Ri ^ Sntergrlee (•'Bunery^ i -^ C LV{A R K E: O ^ [JeSotof "^ HeideTborgY < ,iiaT)atal 'Mico°^ /Er Way lesboroucl ii-gTiVi »r. A Y^E i •rWlncheetSA | 3ucatannak S ^° State LUigf o si^epl»en» p; I U E Magnblla^ ''^y^arley HaUiesBiil I Columlili AS R I /N )o»yka -|3 'y7^'- ^o""* ^raoKliatonJ PojIb IVE ^Derby '^ jT^^sSI ^ \\AlRRil<(C L "^ ^Ob ujt/u nnn v\ V ^?f _ H A/N t: "McDondli'tMiTls iE R R 'Y l^ iv^ d^ ' tSprlng IJDAphne lo "Fayetlc''^^\_ ^V NEW POCKET ATLAS. 61 MISSISSIPPI. Mis'sis-sip-pi. " Bayou State." Indian origin— " Great Long River.'" HISTORICAL. —First visited by Euro- peans, 1540. Natchez founded, 1716. Miss- issippi Territory organized, 1798; admitted as a State, December 10, 1817; the seventh State to enter the Union ; seceded, January, 1861; re- admitted, 1870. Present Constitution adopted 1890, limits right of suffrage to those who can read the Con.stitution. AREA, ETC.— 46,810 square miles; land area, 46,340 square miles; water, 470 square miles; extreme length, north and south, 330 miles; greatest breadth, 188 miles. Has 85 miles of seacoast. Has over 500 miles of water frontage on the Jlississippi River. CL.I3IATE.— Temperature at Vicksburg : Mean winter, 47°. extreme, 3°; summer, 8^;°, extreme, 101° ; average annual rainfall, 57.8 inches. POPULATION — Mississippi ranked twen- tieth in 1800 and 1810, twenty-first in 1820, tweut}--second in 18:30, seventeenth in 1840, fifteenth in 1850, fourteenth in 1860, eighteenth in 1870 and 1880, and twenty-first in 1890. Total population 1800,8,850: 1810,40,a=52: 1820, 75,448; 1830,136,621; 1840,375,0.51; 1850,606,-526; 1860, 791, ;305; 1870,827,922; 1880,1,131.597; 1890, 1,289,600. Classification: Male, 649,687; female, 6;39,913: native, 1,281,&48; foreign, 7952; white, 544,851; colored, 744,749 — Africans, 742,559; Chinese, 147: Japanese, 7; Indians, 2,030. PRINCIPAL CITIES Vicksburg, the metropolis and chief commercial cit}', popu- lation, 13,373; Meridian, a prominent railwaj' center, number of inhabitants, 10,024; Natchez, an important cotton market, population, 10.101; Jackson, the capital, population, 5,920. AGRICULTDKE — Chief industry, more than 80 per cent, of working population en- gaged in it. State second only to Texas as a cotton producer. Crops of 1891': Cotton, 1,265,- 000 bales; corn, 29,665,000 bushels; oats, 3,747,- 000 bushels. Latest reports give product of rice, 52,000,000 pounds; sweet potatoes, 5,000,- 000 bushels. Strawberries, melons, and vege- tables largely cultivated for Northern markets. RAILAVAYS — First railroads built 1840; number of miles in operation, 1844. 26; 1850, 75; 1855, 278; 1860, 862; 1865, 898; 1870, 990; 1875, 1,018; 1880, 1,127; 1885, 1,920; 1891, 2,471. EDUCATION.— Number pupils in public schools, 1890, a50,619— 193,000 colored, or over 55 per cent, of total; 21.383 in private schools. School age, 5-21. State Normal school at Holly Springs. State has 4 colleges. L'ni- versity of Mississippi, Oxford, organized 1844. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, July 4, Thanksgiving, and December 25. POLITICAI State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elections Tuesday after first Monday in November ; number of Senators, 45; Representatives, 133; se.ssions biennial in even-numbered years, meets Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; limit of session, none; term of Senators and Representatives, 4 years. Number of electoral votes, 9; number voters, 271.080. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 2 years, of precinct 1 year; registration required. Idiots, insane, criminals, Indians not taxed, and delinquent tax-payers excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation : Judg- ments, 7 years; open accounts, 3; notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 6; by contract, 10. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, .(,.L' Sq. Mis. ■'^'^• Adams, P-3 400 26,031 Alcorn, A-12.... 410 13,115 Amite, Q-5 700 18,198 Attala, 1-8 750 22,213 Jienton, B-IO..-. 436 10,585 Bohvar, F-4 .... 876 29.980 Calhoun, F-9 600 14,688 Carroll, H-7.... 615 18.773 Chickasaw. F-11 520 19,8 H Choctaw, HI 0.- 404 10,847 Claiborne, N-4.. 452 14,.516 Clarke, N-11---- 660 15,826 Clay, G-11 420 18,607 Coahoma, D-5.. 500 18,342 Copiah, N-6 760 30, 233 Covington, 0-8 - 570 8,299 De Soto. A-7...- 480 24,18;B FrankUn, P-4.-. 550 10,424 Greene, Q-11.--. 820 3,900 Grenada, F 8. .. 430 14.974 Hancock, T-8-.. 549 8,318 Harrison, S-10 . 990 12,481 Hinds, M-7 870 39,279 Holmes, 1-7 750 30,970 Issaquena, K-4.. 370 12,318 Itawamba, D-13. 540 11,708 Land p Counties. Area, .r,(i/ Sq. Mis, ^^•^• Jackson , S-1 1 . . . 1 072 1 1 ,251 Jasper, N-10 720 14,785 Jefferson. 0-4 .. 490 18,947 Jones. P-10 680 8,aS3 Kemper, K-12 .. 740 17,961 LaFayette, C-9 . 720 20,553 Lauderdale, L-11 680 29,661 Lawrence, P-7-- 6:30 12.318 Leake, J 9 .560 14,803 Lee, D-11 470 20,040 Leflort^, G-6...- 660 16,869 Lincoln, P-6 . 570 17,912 Lo^Tides, H-12 . .5:36 27,047 Madison, K-7.-- 720 27,321 Marion, Q-8 1 .055 9,532 Marshall, B-9..- 720 26,043 Monroe, F-12... 770 30.730 Montgomerj-, G-8 395 14,459 Neshoba. K-IO.. 560 11,146 Newton, L-IO... 576 16,625 Noxubee, 1-12 .. 608 27.338 Oktibbeha, H-11 460 17,6^ Panola, D-7 680 26,977 Pearl River. S-9 . 666 2,9.57 Perry, Q-IO. ...1,116 6,494 Land Coimties. Area, Sq. Mis Pike, Q-G.J 720 Pontotoc, D-10.. 5:30 Prentiss, B-12 . 415 Quitman, D-6... 400 Rankin, M-7 755 Scott, L-9 600 Sharkey, J-5 425 Simpson, N-7... 580 Smith, N-9 6:30 Sunflower, G-5 . 720 Tallahatchie,E-7 6^5 Tate, B-7 390 Tippah. B-11..-. 490 Tishomingo. B-13 435 Timica. C-6 450 Union, C-10 424 Warren, L-5 590 Washington, H-5 880 Wayne, O-ll.'... 775 Webster, G9-.. 430 Wilkinson, Q-3 . 592 Winston, I-IO... 640 Yalobusha, E-8. 472 Yazoo, 1-6 .1,020 Total 46,340 1. Pop. 1890. 21,203 14,940 1:3,679 3,286 17,922 11,740 8,382 10,138 10,635 9,;384 14,361 19,253 12,951 9,302 12,158 15,606 33,164 40,414 9,817 12,060 17.592 12,089 16,629 36,394 289 600 62 RAKD, McNALLY & CO.'S *4$<<0Ani«^g ** M *4 a » o iH NEW POCKET ATLAS. 63 LOUISIANA. Loo-ee-ze-ah'na. "Pelican State." Named in honor of Louis XIV. of France. HISTORICAL — First visited by De Soto in 1541. New Orleans founded 1718. Territory of Orleans organized March 3, 1805: admitted into the Uuion, April 30, 1812: the fifth State to enter. State seceded 18(31 ; re-admitted 1868. AREA, ETC. -48,720 square miles: land area, 45,420 square miles; water. 3,300 square miles. Extreme length, east and west, 300 miles; breadth, 240 miles: Mississippi River flows through nud along the border for600 miles. Internal water communication, 2,500 miles. CLI3IA.TE.— Temperature at N-w Orleans: Mean winter, 54°, extreme, 13°; summer, 83", extreme, 97°. Shreveport, winter, 45°, extreme, 1°; summer, 83°, extreme, 107. Average an- nual rainfall: New Orleans, 64 inches; Shreve- port. 52.2 inches. POPULATION. -Louisiana ranked eight- eenth in 1810, seventeenth in 1820, nineteenth in laSO and 1840, eighteenth in 1850. seven- teenth in 1860, twentv-first in 1870, twenty- second in ISSO", and twenty-fifth in 1890. Total population in 1810, 76,5.56; 1820, 1.52.923; 1830, 21.5,739; laiO. :352,411; 18.50. .517,762; 1860,708,002; 1870, 726,915; 1880, 939.946; 1890. 1,118.587. Classification: Male, .5.59..3.50; female, .5.59,237; native, 1,068, 840; foreign, 49.747: white. .5.58,395; colored, .560.192— Africans, .5.59,193; Chinese, 3SS; Japanese. .39: Indians, 627. PRINCIPAL CITIES — New Orleans, the commercial metropolis of the Gulf States, chief cotton market of the country, population, 242,0.39; Shreveport. an export point for cotton and cattle, population, 11 979; Baton Rouge, the capital, population, 10,478. AGRICULTLR.AI..— Prominent as an agri- cultural State. Ranks first in production of sugar and mola.sses. Sugar-cane first culti- vated In United States near New Orleans, 1751 ; first sugar mill used 1758. Leading products, 1891: Cotton, .590,000 bales; sugar, 49.5,000,000 pounds; molasses, 2.5,000,000 gallons; corn, 18,- 725,000 bushels. Latest reports give the rice crop as 74.750,000 pounds. Number animals on farms, 1891. 1.. 571,610, value, $22,714,-336. HORTICULTURE.-All fruits of the tem- perate and some of the tropic zone thrive. Total number tropic and semi-tropic fruit and nut trees, 281,410: Bearing trees— .54,000 pecans, 6,477 orange, 4,391 madeir i nut. 4.051 fig. Yield, in 1889: Figs, 165.000 pounds; madeira nuts, 16:3,800 povmds; pecan, 4,400,000 pounds; orange, 2,208,7.50 boxes. RAILWAYS.— Number of miles of railway in operation in 1835 and 1K40. 40: 1850, 80; 18.5.5, 203; 1860 and 1865. .3:35; 1870, 479; 1875. 539; 1880, 6.52; 188.5. 1,370; 1890. 1,749; 1891, 1,903. EDUCATION — School age, 6-18. Number pupils in public schools, 1890, "124,370. State Normal school. Nateliitoches. PupUs in pri- vate schools, 25,105. State has 12 colleges. POLITICAL.— State elections biennial, third Monday in April: congressional and presi- dential elections, Tut-sday after first Montlay in November; number of Senators, ;i8; Repre- sentatives, 98: term. 4 years. Sessions biennial, in even-numbered years; meets second Mcjii- day in May; limit of session, 60 days. Number of electoral votes. 8; number voters. 2.50,5«J3. Voters must be citizens or declared intentions, residents of St^.te, 1 year, of county. 6 months, of precinct, :30 days; registration required. Idiots, insane, and criminals excluded. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1 and 8, February 22. Good Friday. March 4 July 4, December 25, and 3Iardi Gras LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: ments, 10 yenr ; open accounts, 3 years: 5 years; redemption of tax sales, 2 Legal interest rate, 5; by contract. 8. Judg- ; notes, years. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, fojE' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Acadia, K 8 630 1.3,2:51 Ascension, L-13. .324 19,545 Assumption, M-12 335 19,629 Avoyelle.s. H-9.- a58 25,112 Bienville, C-6.-. 855 14,108 Bossier, B- 5 780 20,330 Caddo, C-4 825 .31.5.55 Calcasieu. K-6 -.3,410 20,176 Caldwell, D-9 ... 548 5,814 Cameron, M-6- . .1,552 2,828 Catahoula, F-9.. 1,380 12,002 Claiborne, A-7 .. 800 2.3,312 Concordia. G-10. 680 14,871 DeSoto, D-4 865 19,860 E.Ba'.Rouge J-12 4.50 25.922 E. Carroll, B-12 . 400 12..362 E. Feliciana. L12 485 17,903 Franklin, D-10.- 600 6,900 Grant, F-8 646 8,270 Iberia, M-10 580 20,997 Iberville, K-11... 650 21,848 Land p Coimties. Area, iaiy^' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Jackson, C-8 580 7,453 Jefferson, N-15.. .31*0 13,221 Lafayette, L-9.- 264 15,966 Lafourche, N-14 1,020 22,095 Lincoln, B-7 485 14,753 Livingston, K-13 620 5,769 Madison. C-12-.. 664 14.135 Morehouse, B-10 845 16,786 Natchitoches,F-6 1,285 25,^36 Orleans. L-15--. 187 242,039 Ouachita, C-9.-. 644 17,985 Plaquemines N-16 930 12.541 Pte. Coupee. J-11 580 19,613 Rapides, H-8.-- -1,495 27,642 Red River, D-5-- 386 11,318 Richland, C-10.. .575 10.230 Sabine. F5 .-...1,010 9.390 St. Bernard, Ml 6 680 4.-326 St. Charles, M-14 288 7,7-37 St. Helena, 1-13 . 420 8,062 St. James, L-13 . -300 15,715 Land p Counties. Area, z^2R' Sq. Mis. ^^^• St. John the Bap- tist, L-14 195 11,-359 St. Landry, J-9.. 1,700 40,2.50 St. Martin, L-10. 620 14,884 St. Mary, N-11-- 640 22,416 St. Tammany, K-15 .'. .. 915 10,160 Tangipahoa, J-14 780 12,655 Tensas. Ell 610 16,647 Terrebonne.0-13 1800 20,167 Union, A-8 905 17,304 Vermillion, M-9 1,2:30 14,2-34 Vernon. H-6 1.540 5,903 Washington, 1-15 660 6,700 Webster. B-5-.-. 609 12,466 W. Bat on Rouge, K-11. 210 8,-363 West Carroll B-11 380 3,748 W.Feliciana, I-ll 365 15,062 Winn, E-8 960 7,082 Total 45,420 1.118,587 64 HAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 65 TENNESSEE. Ten-ne-see'. "Volunteer State.'' Indian— signifies " HISTORICAIi. —A trading post was estab- lished at French Lick (Nashville) as early as 1714. First colony established at Fort Loudon, on Little Tennessee River, 1756; Colonists from North Carolina and Virginia located on Wa- tauga and Holston Rivers, 1769-70. In,1789 be- came part of the United States TeiTitory south of the Ohio. Organized as a Territoiy, 1794; admitted as a State June 1, 1796, the third State to enter the Union. Seceded Feb- ruary, 1861: re-admitted February, 1870. AREA, ETC. — 42,050 square miles; land area, 41,750 square miles; water, 300 square miles. State natm-ally divided into three paits — East, Middle, and West Tennessee. Extreme length, 432 miles ; width, 109. Elevation ranges from 400 to 6,500 feet. Ranks among the first States in the extent and.importance of its nav- igable waters. Total number miles of navi- gable waters, 2,200, or more than five times its extreme length, or twenty times its width. C LI MATE — Temperature at Chattanooga: Mean winter, 41°, extreme, —7°; summer, 78", extreme, 101°; Memphis, winter, 40°, extreme, — 8°; summer, 81°, extreme, 102°; Nashville, winter, 38°, extreme, — 10°; summer, 80°, ex-, treme, 104°; average annual rainfall, Chat- tanooga, 56.5 inches; Memphis, 53.3 inches; Nashville, 51.4 inches, POPULATION.— Tennessee ranked seven- teenth in 1790, fifteenth in 1800, tenth in ISlU. ninth in 1820, seventh in 1830, fifth in 1840 and 1850, tenth in 1860, ninth in 1870, twelfth in 1880, and thirteenth in 1890. Total population, 1790, 35,691; 1800, 105,602; 1810, 261,727; 1820, 422,771; 1830, 681,904; 1840, 829.210; 1850, 1,002,- 717; 1860, 1,109,801; 1870, 1,2.58,520; 1880, 1 542.- | 359; 1890,1,767.518. Classification: Male, 891,- 585; female, 875,933; native, 1,747,489; foreign, 20,029; white. I,;i36,637; colored, 430,881— .\iri- cans, 430,678; Chinese, 51; Japanese, 6; Indians, 146. PRINCIPAL. CITJIES. — Nashville, the capital and largest city, chief center of manu- factures, population, 76,168; ^Memphis, most important commercial center, population, 64,- 495; Chattanooga, an important manufactur- ing city, population, 29,100; Knoxville, center of coaf industry and marble quarries of East Tennessee, population, 22,535. AGRICULTURE. — Latest reports give leading productions as follows: Corn, 82,- 552,000 bushels; wheat. 11,626.000 bushels; oats, 5,960.000 bushels: tobacco. 36.368,395 pounds: eoltou, a45,000 bales; hay, 321,070 tons. State River of big bend." ranks third in production of peanuts, annually produces from 750,000 to 1.250,000 bushels Number farm animals 1890, 4.148,103, value. $58,7.54,736: horses and mules, $37,779,285. MINER \LS. — Principal minerals: Coal, iron, copper, zinc, lead, and manganese. Gold discovered 1831. total yield to 1890, S89,647. Iron ore exists in half the coimties in the State ; number mines, 19: output, 1880, 93,272: 1890, 473,294, increase. 477.43 per cent. Coal area: 5,100 square miles; product 1889. 1,925,689 tons, value, S2,.338,309. Tennessee marble is noted for its use in interior decoration and f iirnituie ; the output 1889 was valued at §419,467; granite, sandstone, and slate exist. MA VUFACTURES. — Iron manufactures coeval with settlement of the State. Furnaces were erected 1790-95. State ranked thiiteeuth in pig iron in 1880. ranked seventh in 1890 : rani?? third among Southern States: production, 1890, 290,747 tons; increase in ten years 507 percent. First steei produced in South made at Chat- i tanooga, 1878. State has 24 cotton and 55 I woolen mills. | RAILWAYS.— First raih-oad begun—' Nashville to Chattanooga— 1848, completed 1853. Number of miles in operation 1855, 466: 1860, 1,253; 1865. 1.296; 1870, 1,492; 1875, 1,630: 1880, 1,&43; 1885. 2,1.51; 1890. 2,798: 1891, 2,971. | State has one mile of railway to each 14.15 square miles. EDUCATION. — Common school system existed previous to Civil War. School fund, I $2,512,500. School age. 6-21; number pupils in ! public schools 1890, 455.732. State Normal ' school, Na.shville. Pupils in private schools. ' 44,218. Niunber colleges, 21. University of , Tennessee, Knoxville, organized 1794. | LEGAL HOLIDAYS. —January 1, July 4, | Thanksgiving, and December 25. ! POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elections, I Tuesday after first Monday in November; i number of Senators, 33: Representatives, 99; ' term, 2 years: se.'^sions biennial, in odd-iumi- bered years, meets first 3Ionday in Januarj': limit of session, 75 days. Number of electoral votes, 12: number voters, 402.476. Voters must i be actual citizens, residents of State lyear, of county =6 months; no registration required. 1 Convicts excluded. || LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 3"ears; open accounts, 6; notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal interest rate, 6. COUNTIES. Counties. Anderson, B-12.. Bedford, M-13... Benton, K-8 Bledsoe. M-17 Blount, E-13. .. Bradley, P-18..-- Campbell, A-12. . Land Area, Sq. Mis. 360 520 412 300 614 280 488 Pop. 1890. 15,128 24,739 11,230 6,1:34 17.589 13.607 13,486 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Cannon, L-15 280 Carroll, L-6 600 Carter. B-19 298 Cheatham, J-11.. 400 Chester, N-6..... 288 Claiborne, A-14.- 472 Clay, 1-16 260 Pop. 1890. 12,197 23,630 13,389 8,845 9.069 15.103 7,260 Land Counties. Area. Sq. Mis. Cocke, D-16 458 Coffee, N-15 360 Crockett. L-4..-. 260 Cumberland, L-18 576 Davidson, K-12... 508 Decatur, M-7 310 Dekalb, L-15 310 Pop. 1890. 16,523 13.827 15.146 5,376 108,174 8,995 15,650 m RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S COUNTIES-Continued. Land p Counties. Area, -.cqV Sq. Mis. ■^^•^"• Dickson, K-10 .- 620 13,645 Dyer, K-3 i-. 495 19,878 Fayette, 0-3 630 28,878 Fentress, J-18--- 510 5,226 Franklin, P-14... 570 18,929 Gibson, K-5 615 35,859 Giles, 0-11. 656 34,957 Grainger, B-14... 294 13,195 Greene, C-16 580 26,614 Grundy, N-16.... 410 6,345 Hamblen, B-15.. 150 11,418 Hamilton, 0-17-. 440 53,482 Hancock. A-15. .. 260 10,342 Hardeman, 0-5.. 640 21.029 Hardin, 7 560 17,698 Hawkins, A-16--. 490 22,246 Haywood, M-4 . 570 23,558 Henderson, M-7. - 530 16,336 Henry, 1-7 .- 580 21,070 Hickman, M-lO.. 648 14,499 Houston, J-9 ... 210 5,390 Humphreys, K-9. 420 11.720 Jackson, 1-16 .... 280 13,325 James, 0-18 210 4,903 Jefferson, C-14... 310 16,478 Johnson, A-19... 340 8.858 Land p Counties. Area, 5q>K" Sq.Mls. ^^■^"• Knox, D-13 520 59,557 Lake, J-3 210 5,304 Lauderdale, M-2. 450 18,756 Lawrence, O-IO.. 676 12,286 Lewis, N-10 280 2,555 Lincoln, P-13-... 540 27,382 Loudon, Ell..-- 256 9,273 McMinn, N-19 . - . . 452 17,890 McNairy, 0-6--.. 550 15,510 Macon, M5 332 10,878 Manison, M-5.... 520 30,497 Marion, O-l 6.... 500 15,411 Marshall, N-12.. 350 18,906 Maury, N-11 600 38,112 Meigs, N-19 200 6,930 Monroe, F-12..-. 580 15,329 Montgomery, I-IO 540 29,697 Moore, 0-14 170 5,975 Morgan, K-19..-- 448 7,639 Obion, J-4 540 27,273 Overton, J-17-.-. 360 12,039 Perry, M-8 420 7,785 Pickett, 1-18 240 4,736 Polk, P-19 400 8,361 Putnam, K-17...- 430 13,683 Land p Counties. Area, ^2S,' Sq.Mls. 1^^- Rhea, M-18 360 12,647 Roane, L-20 450 17,418 Robertson, 1-12.. 536 20,078 Rutherford,M-13. 580 35,097 Scott, 1-19 620 9,794 Sequatchie, N-17- 252 3,027 Sevier, D-14 560 18,761 Shelby, 0-2 728 112,740 Smith, K-15. 368 18,404 Stewart, L9 500 12.193 SuUivan, A-19.... 410 20,879 Sumner, M3 536 23,668 Tipton, N-2 404 24,271 Trousdale, 1-14 . 166 5,850 Unicoi, C-18 196 4,619 Union, B-13 220 11,459 VanBuren, M-17- 322 2,863 Warren, M-15.... 446 14,413 Washington, B-18 344 20,354 Wayne, 0-9 .720 11,471 Weakley, J-6.-.. 620 28,955 White, L-17 390 12,348 Williamson. L-12. 550 26,321 Wilson, K- 14 536 27,148 Total 41,750 1,767,518 KENTUCKY. " "-o^-- «'■''-•• Indian origin— At the head of the River. HISTORICAL,. — Earliest explorations made by John Findlay, 1767. First visited by Daniel Boone, 1769. Harrodsbm'g, first settle- ment, founded 1774; Boonesboro laid out April, 1775. In 1775 the local government of Transyl- vania was organized. From 1776 to 1790 it was claimed by Virginia. In 1790 became part of the new United States Territory south of the Ohio. Admitted as a State Jime 1, 1792. The second admitted after the organization of the Government. Four constitutions, 1792, 1800. 1850, and 1891. AREA, ETC.— 40,400 square miles; land area, 40,000; water, 400; length from east to west, 458 miles; extreme width, 171 miles. Average elevation over 1,000 feet; 813 miles of boundary consist of navigable rivers; has 4,000 miles of navigable waters, 1,500 navigable at all stages. Entire river system of Missis- sippi Valley centers In State. Among interest- ing points are the numerous caverns, the best known being Mammoth Cave in Edmonson County. CL.I3IATE. — Temperatuite at Louisville: Mean winter. 34°, extreme,— 20° ; summer, 79°, extreme, 105°. Average annual rainfall, 46.9 inches. POPULATION Kentucky ranked four- teenth in jjopulation in 1790, ninth in 1800, seventh in 1810, sixth in 1820, 1830, and 1840, eighth in 1850, ninth in 1860, eighth in 1870 and 1880, and eleventh in 1890. Total popula- tion 1790, 73,677; 1800, 220,955; 1810 406,511; 1820, 564,135; 1830, 687,917; 1840, 779,328; 1850, 982,405; 1860, 1,155,684; 1870, 1,321 311; 1880, 1,648,690; 1890, 1,858,635. Classification: Male, 942,758; female, 915,877; native, 1,799,279; foreign, 59,356; white, 1,-590,462; colored, 268,173— Africans, 268,071; Chinese, 28; Jap- anese, 3; Indians, 71. PKIKCIPAL CITIES Louisville, the metropolis and chief commercial city, one of the largest tobacco markets in the world, population. 161,129; increase dm-ing past dec- ade, 37,371 or 30.20 per cent.; Covington and Newport, opposite Cincinnati, populations, 37,371 and 24,918; Lexington, former capital, founded 1776, incorporated 1782, population, 21,567; Frankfort, the capital, population, 7,892; Louisville and Paducah. ports of entry. AGRICULIUKE. — Products widely varied; mo.st prominent tobacco, cei'eals, and hemp. Ranks first in tobacco, yield in 1889, 221,880,303 pounds, value, $34,844,449; leaf tobacco has netted growers from 1856-86, S267,000,000. Corn crop 1891. 82,795,000 bushels, value, $33,117,984; wheat, 13,181,000 bushels, value, $11,862,854; oats, 8,175,000 bushels, value, $9,412,735. State ranks first in hemp, produces 93.77 of the total yield; acreage 1889, 23,468, tons, 10.794, value, $1,045,081. LIVE STOCK.— State has a large amount of capital invested in live stock; much atten- tion is given to the breeding of fine cattle, horses, and mules. State especially famous for the speed of its trotting and running horses. Number horses on f rms 1891, 402,373, value, $27,890,626; mules. 151,026, value, $10,- 472,211; milch cows, 320,264, value, $6,965,742; cattle, 467,060, value, $7*923,866; sheep, 773,336, NEW POCKET ATLAS. 67 value, $2,456,889; swice, 2,546,208, value, $9,- 066,686. MINERALS — The coal areas of the State cover 14,000 square miles. Cannel coal mined in Kentucky is among the best known. Out- put of coal mines 1889. 2,399.755, value, $2,374,- 339. Total number iron mines 1889, 6; output, 77,487 tons, value, $133,559. State ranks third as a producer of carbc nate ores. Lead, zinc, marls, limestone, and sandstone exist. MANUFACTURES.— State occupies four- teenth place among iron-manufacturing States; production of pig-iron, 1890, 44,199 tons. State has 45 establishments engaged in the wool industry; capital i:ivested,$2,^ 383, employes. 2,042, value of products 1890, §2.784.768. In 1890 it ranktd first in production of distilled spirits. Distilleries numbered over 500 and produced 36.373,767 gallons. RAILWAYS.— First railway — Lexington to Frankfort— begun October, 1831. completed 1835. Number of miles in operation 1835, 15: 1840, 28; ia50, 78; 1855, 242: 1860, 534; 1865, 567; 1870. 1,017; 1875, 1,326; 1880, 1.530; 1885, 2.000; 1890, 2,946; 1891, 2,976. EDUCATION.— A public school system framed 1838, present system came into force 1873. Pubhc school age, 6-20. Pupils enrolled in pubhc sciiools, 1890, 407,567: in j^rivate schools, :38.924. Transj'lvania University (now Kentucky University), Lexington, foimded 1798. Number colleges in State. 17. LEGAL, HOLIDAYS.- January 1, Feb- ruary 2*^, July 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, and public fast daj'S. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number of Senators, 38; Representatives, 100; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, hmit of session. 60 days; term of Senators, 4 j^ears; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 13; number voters. 4.50,792. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 2 years, county 1 year, pi*eciuct 60 days; no registration required. Convicts excluded. LEOAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 15 years: open accounts, 5: notes, 15: redemption of tax sales. 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 6; by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, t^^' Sq. Mis. ^*^^- Adair, K-12 400 13,721 Allen, M-10 335 13,692 Anderson H-13.- 200 10,610 Ballard, L-1 250 8,390 Bari-en. L-10 445 21,490 Bath, G-16 270 12.813 Bell, M-17 350 10,312 Boone, D-14 270 12,246 Bourbon, G-15... 244 16,976 Boyd, F-20 180 14.033 Boyle, M4 180 12,948 Bracken. E-16 ... 200 12,369 Breathitt. M8 . . 450 8,705 Breckinridge, 1-9 520 18,976 Bullitt, H-12-..- 272 8,291 Butler, K-8 452 1:3,956 Caldwell, K-5.-.- 315 13,186 Calloway, N -4... 454 14,675 Campbell, D-15.. 140 44,208 Carlisle, L-1 190 7,612 Carroll, E-1 3-..- 165 9,266 Carter, F-1 9 544 17,204 Casey, K-13. 444 11,848 Christian, L-6---- 708 54,118 Clark, H-15 260 15,434 Clay, K-17 580 12,447 Clinton, M-13...- 220 7,047 Crittenden, J-4.- 340 13,119 Cumberland,L-12 315 8,452 Daviess, L7 410 33,120 Edmonson, K-9. . ;348 8,005 Elliott, G-18 .^0 9.214 Estill, H-16 250 10,836 Fayette. H-15-.-- 252 35,698 Fleming, F-17.-- 340 16,078 Floyd, L20 410 11,256 Franklm, F-14 . 200 21,267 Fulton, N-1. 190 10.005 Gallatin. D-14.--. 130 4 611 Garrard. L14..-. 225 11,138 Grant, E-14 280 12,671 Land p Coimties. Area, , ^ J , Sq. Mis. ^"^• Graves. M-3 550 28,534 Grayson, J-9 570 18.688 Green, K-12 275 11,463 Greenup, F-1 9.-- 352 11,911 Hancock, H-8.-- 200 9,214 Hardin, MO--...- 580 21.304 Harlan. L-19..-. 410 6,197 Harrison, F-15. 315 16,914 Hart. K-11 410 16,4:39 Henderson, L6-. 472 29..5.36 Henry, F-13 272 14,104 Hickman, M-1..- 240 11.637 Hopkins, K-6---- 550 23.505 Jackson. J-16..-- 305 8,261 Jr^flFerson, G-11-- 375 188,598 Jessamine, H-15. 162 11.248 Johnson, H-1 9... 300 11,027 Kenton, D-15--.- 152 54,161 Ivnott, J-19 365 5.438 Knox, L-1 6- 350 1:3,762 Larue, I-l 1 260 9,4*3 Laurel, K-16 4.50 13,747 Lawrence, G-20 . 465 17.702 Lee, M7 228 6,205 Leslie, K-18 420 3.964 Letcher, K-19--- 310 6,920 Lewis. E-18 450 14,803 Lincoln, J-14 . .. 328 15.962 Livmgston, K-3.- 360 9,474 Logan. L-8 544 2:3,812 Lvon, L-4 275 7,628 McCracken, L-2 . 250 21,051 McLean, J-6 256 9,887 Madison, M5---. 385 24.348 Magoffin. H-19... 300 9,196 Marion. J-12 a36 1.5.648 Marshall, M-3-.- 330 11,287 Martin, H-20 -... 235 4.209 Mason, E-17 225 20,773 3Ieade, H-10 332 9.484 Menifee, H-17--- 150 4,666 Land p Counties. Area, to,^" Sq.Mls. ^^'*^- Mercer, H-13 .-. 2.50 15,034 Metcalfe, L-11.-. 410 9,871 Monroe, M-11---- 272 10,989 Montgomery, G-16 200 12.367 Morgan. H-18.--. 288 11,249 Muhlenberg, K-7 484 17,9.55 Nelson, H-12 :380 16,417 Nicholas, F-16..- li»0 10,764 Ohio, J-8 610 22,946 Oldham, F-12--.- 170 6,754 Owen, F 14 312 17,676 Owsley, J-17 176 .5,975 Pendleton, E-15.- 310 16.546 Perry, J-18 448 6,3:31 Pike, J-20 780 17,378 Powell, H-17 ---. 144 4,698 Pulaski, K-14..-. 870 2.5,731 Robertson, E-16 210 4,084 Rockcastle. J-15. 280 9,841 Rowan, G-18 320 6,129 RusseU, L-13.-.. 260 8,136 Scott, F-14 272 16,546 Shelby, G-12 405 16,521 Simpson, M-9.-. 320 10.878 Spencer. H-12 .-- 200 6,760 Tavlor, J 12 270 9,a53 Todd, L-7 360 16,814 Trigg, M-5 425 13,902 Trimble, E-12.--. 155 7,140 Union. 15 380 18,229 Warren, L-9 530 30,1.58 Washington, 1-12 300 13,622 Wayne, M-14.-.. .590 12,852 Webster, J-6 ---. 340 17.196 Whitley. 31-16.-. 580 17..590 Wolfe. H-17 190 7,180 Woodford, G-14 . 247 12,380 Total 40,000 1,858.635 RAND, McKALLY & GO/S ♦ j iHa. -r r ^-Li^r^^f^^°H^^ ^''"°^''^^'''\"° •4/1 • <^>C/ "»/ ^awrSyo/ 1» Jo. ^c;>7>^^«r.pr>:; >s'''l?>5^^ r\o -fl &.J»1^ 'Cap Jlr?^'-^^^Srrin8fie;d\< Z* rM a C O NEW POCKET ATLAS. 69 70 RAKD, McNALLY »fe CO.'S 6 9 lO NEW POCKET ATLAS. 71 m 37efievs*on leadville j. 7c: • MUlen ^Butler (^iS ^i^ ....^ ^„ /mfjai>( imp G Obocord UlE R N S E Y I BUClalr'^y * i^o„o<<^''''H-°^5l'^.yUM O ,o.ff>''field r BeafljrJjy^^ .V J Q R E E H ootlsSeSI ^'^ R O ^Ul -^^ \ * Joy IN Q\ uiODrh f OCK I.. _ "gOwpiymoaib^ loomhiiSTiHfJ -Z6aWoit yckinffport WOOD '>cwHartliut WETZEL/ 'ilaUtnor o Mi U'dleb onmc ^4t 7 L £ pelpre tj*arkeri>biir, .<-5^j^ /Clarksliaxgli ^^yi'oiiiH" ^ !i^allpo^1^fc/*L^*•''"^ JACKSON \^ A lIl I A(?^"'ca9aot\ . Jacks M A SO "- O «\n j .«9°- nC.U. Scate of Statute Miles. V ^° ^° 7 so S«iiAGRICULTURE —State ranks high in cereal production and stock-raising. Latest reports give grain iii-oducts, in bushels: Corn, 94,092,000; wheat, 45,531,000: oats, 28,523,000; rye, 892.256; buckwheat, 122,422. Other prod- ucts: Potatoes, 11,361 606 bushels; sweet po- tatoes, 95,612; hay, 2,009,179 tons; tobacco, 37.853,563 pounds; flax-seed, 150,127 pounds: fiber, 6,838,555 pounds; honey, 1,933,628 pounds; wool, 18,287,869 pounds. Total value of farm uroducts of all kinds, $198,000,000. ' HORTICULTURE, ETC.- Ohio has 393 nurseries, valued at $3,159,358; capital in- vested, $4,178,518 ; acres under trees and l^lants, 11,695 — more than one-fifth under apples ; next in importarice, plums, peai's, cherries, and peaches, etc. State has 32 seed- farms, comprising 19,048 acres, total value, ^2 110,000. In viticulture, Ohio occupies third place; area in bearing vines, 28,087 acres; new vineyards. 4,956 acres; grapes soM for table use, 1890, 77,894,000 pounds; wine made, 1,934, 833 gallons. Among American vintages, Ohio wines rank high. Orchard products, in bush- els, 1891: Apples, 11,431,068; peaches, 735,323; pears, 230,136; cherries. 108,326; plums, 19.S74. Number Of florist establishments, 393, value, $^590,228; plant sales, $1,051,058; cut flowers, $586,278. LIVE STOCK.— Ranks among the first States in thoroughljred cattle and the produc- tion of pork. Number and value of farm animals, 1891: Horses, 888,4.8, $66,658,761; mules, 18,947, $1,546,195; milch cows, 783,403, $19,585,075; cattle, 871,662, $19,559 404; sheep, 4,468,087, $14,724,581; swine, 2,851,228, $13,- 258.212. MINERALS.— Principal minerals,coal,iron, glass-sand, sandstone.limestone, clays, salt,oil, and gas. Coal area, lOiOOO square miles; regular mines, 323, local, 1,745; output, 1889, 9,976,787 tons, value, $9 355,400. Among iron-producing States, Ohio occupies eleventh place. Number mines, 74; output, 1889, 254,294 tons— all car- bonate ore; outranks all other States in this production, contributing more than one-half the total output. State has $2,953,750 capital invested in natural gas industiy, value of gas supplied and used, 1880. $1,1J0,997; coal dis- placed, 1,660,4.56 tons, value, $5,123,569. Ohio ranks second as a producer of petroleum; production, 1889, 12,471,466 baiTels, value, $2,173,995. SANDSTONE AND LIMESTONE. — Sandstone underlies more than half the State. As a producer, Ohio leads all others; nmnber quarries, 192 ; output, 1889, 16,016,258 cubic feet, value, $3,046,656, or nearly one-thii"d that of total yield. Lunestone deposits almost equal the sandstone; quarries number 221, total value of production, $1,514,934; 9,754,989 cubic feet quaiTied for bviilding ; 1,725.336 barrels of lime manufactiu-ed. Clays are worked for pottery, earthenware, and brick. MANUFACTURES.— One of the leading States in manufacturing industries. State has 12,354 large industrial establishments; capital invested, $185,127,506; yearly value of prod- ucts, $259,834,570. Rolling-mills, iron manu- factories, glass factories, breweries, and dis- NEW POCKET ATLAS. 73 tilleries are represented. State manufactures one-fourth of all agricultural implements produced in the cotmtrj', annual production nearly Sl--i,0O0,0OO. Largest encaustic tile factory in the world at Zanesville. There are 13;3 estabhshments engaged in wool industry; capital invested, §3,857, 8.S9 ; employes, 3,865; value of products, §3. 969,462. FISHERIES. - Ohio occupies first place in Lake Erie fisheries, taking two-thirds of entire j-ield. State has 27 vessels of 43.970 tons engaged in the industrv: capital emploved, Sl,207.166; 5'ield, 47,449.481 pounds, value. 1683,590. Of herring alone 28,731,860 pounds are taken, value, S -97,833. RAILWAY. — First railroad built and operated west of New York— Erie & Kalama- zoo, Toledo to Adrian, Mich., constructed 1836. Number miles, 1*40, 30; 1850, 575; 1855, 1,486; 1860,2,946; 1865,3,3:31; 1870,3.5:38; 1875, 4,461; 1880,5,792: 1885. 7.:304; 1890,7,98.8. STATE INSTITUTIONS.— Educational institutions for deaf and dumb, bhnd, and feeble-minded youth, Columbus: Industrial School for Boys, near Lancaster; Industrial School for Girls near Delaware ; W'orkuig Home for the Blind, Iberia ; Soldiers' and Sailors' Oi*phans' Home, Sandusky; Soldiers' and Sailors" Home. Xenia ; Insane a.sylums, Columbus, Cincinnati, Cleveland. Athens, Dayton, and Toledo; Ohio Penitentiary, Ca lumbus. EDUCATION.— One of the earliest States to adopt common school system. Compulsory education a law. School age, 6-21. Number ! school districts. 2,185 ; pupils in public schools, 549,269; expejditures for the year, Sll.-.07,4ilO; numoei^Normal schools, 10. Pupils in private schools, 9:3,769 State has 34 colleges. 40 acad- emies, 11 seminaries. State L'niversity at Co- lumbus; Ohio L'niversitv at Athens. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, Febru- ary 22, -May :30. July 4. Labor Day, Thanks- giving, and December 25. POSTAL.— Total number postofifices. 3.166: number of presidential offices, 176 — 8 first class, 48 second class, 120 third class; number fourth class offices, 2,990: money order. 6:30. CIVIL AVAR. — (hio furnished 31:3,180 men -304,814 white troops, 3.274 sailors and marines, 5 09 .' colored troops : aggregate number deaths. ;35,475. State has 75,498 pen sioners ou the rolls. POLITICAL. — State elections, annual. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday' after first Monday in Novem- ber: number of Senators. 31: Representatives, 107; term, 2 years: sessions biennial in odd- numbered years, first Monday in January; limit of session, none. Number of electoral votes, 23; number voters, ] 016.464. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State. 1 year, of coimty, ;30 days, of precinct 20 days: no registration required. Idiots, insane, and convicts, unless restored to citizenship, ex- cluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation : Judg- ments, 5 years: open accounts. 6: notes, 15; redemption of tax sales 2 years. Legal inter- est rate. 6: by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis Adams, P-8 488 Allen. F-5 447 Ashland. F-12 . . 437 Ashtabula. B 17 . 700 Athens, N-12.... 485 Auglaize, G-5 398 Belmont, J-16 520 Brown, 0-6 460 Butler, M-4 475 Carroll, G-16 401 Champaign, J-6 . 447 Clarke, J-7 393 Clermont, N-5... 496 Clinton, M-7 3tH Columbiana, F-17 538 Coshocton, H-13 550 Crawford, G-9-.. 393 Cuyahoga, C-14 . 480 Darke. 1-4 600 Defiance, C-4 ... 414 Delaware, H-9- 452 Erie, D-11 260 Fairfield, K-10... 474 Fayette, L-8 398 Franklin. J-9...- 524 Fulton, B5 .. 40 3 Gallia, P-11 441 Geauga, C-IS.... 400 Greene, L-6 416 Guernsey, J-14 .. 517 Pop. 18W. 26,093 40,(>44 22 223 43,6.55 a5.194 28.100 57.413 29,899 48,597 17,566 26,980 58.277 3:3.. 5,5:3 24.240 59 029 26,703 31.927 309.970 42,961 25.769 27.189 35,462 3:3.9:39 22.:309 124.087 22,023 27.005 1:3.489 29.820 28.645 Land p Counties. Area, ^qJ^' Sq. 3Ils. ^^•^• Hamilton. N-4... 400 374,573 Hancock. E-7 5:2 4J,.56:3 Hardin. G-7 425 28.9:39 Harrison. 1-16 . . . 405 20.8:30 Henry. D-6 420 25,080 Highland, N-7-.. 527 29,048 Hocking, M-11... 408 22,658 Holmes, G-t3.--. 4:36 21.1:39 Huron, E-10 480 31,949 Jackson, 0-11 . . 392 28.408 Jefferson. H-17.. 4:35 39.415 Knox, 111 527 27,600 Lake, B- 1 5 240 18, -J-So Lawrence, PH.. 4:30 39,5.56 Licking, 111. 685 43 279 Logan, H-7 448 27.386 Lorain, D-12 .... 5:30 40,295 Lucas, C-7 4-30 102.296 Madison J-8 465 20,057 :\L^honing. E-17 . 422 55.979 Marion. G-9 416 24,727 Medina. El 3 .... 420 21.742 Meigs, N-13 415 29.813 :Mercer, G-4 460 27.2-20 31 iami. J 5 ;396 39. 754 Monroe. L-16 468 25.175 Jlontgomerv K-5 480 100,852 Morgan, L-i3.... 400 19.143 Morrow, H-IO... 4:32 18,120 Muskingum, K-13 651 51,210 Li^iJ^l Ton Counties. Area, ^^^' Sq Mis. Noble. K-14 415 20,7.53 Ottawa C-8 311 21,974 Paulding. E-4 .. 414 25,93 i Perrv, K- 1 2 402 31 , 151 Pickaway, L-9. . . 501 26.959 Pike, 0-9 4:36 17,482 Portage, E-15.... 480 27,868 Preble, L-4 4:32 23,421 Putnam, E-6 480 30,188 Richland, G-11 . . . 487 :38,072 Ross, M-9 -- 6' 8 39,454 Sandusky. C-9-.. 418 30,617 Scioto, P-9 - 613 a5,;377 Seneca, E-9 544 40.869 Shelby, H-5 4 :0 24. 707 Stark, F-15 560 ^,170 Summit, D-14 .. 391 54,a89 Trumbull. D-17-- 625 42,;373 1 Tuscarawas, H-14 5:39 46,618 Union, 1-8 427 22,860 Van Wert. F-4.. 405 29,671 Vinton. Nil 402 16,045 Warren. M-5 428 2.5,468 Washington, M-14 6:35 42.380 Wayne. F-13 540 39,005 Williams. B-4.... 415 24,897 Wood, D-7 623 44.:392 Wyandot. F-8 .- 404 2 '.722 ' Total 40,760 3,672,:316 RAND. McNALLY & CO, S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 75 76 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S INDIANA. In-de-an'ah. "Hoosier State." Derived from "Indian." HISTORICAL. — Originally a part of New France. First visited by the Jesuits, 1672. First permanent settlement made by French at Vincennes, 1727. Countiy came under Eng- lish rule, 1763. Vincennes captured by Col. Clark, of Virginia, 1779, and Indiana became Amei'iean territory. Under ordinance of 1787, formed part of the Northwest Territory. Indiana Territory organized, 1800; admitted into the Union as a State December 11, 1816; the sixth State admitted. State constitutions adopted 1816 and 1851. AREA, ETC.— 36,350 square miles; land area, 35,910 square miles; water, 440 square miles; extreme length, 276 miles; average breadth, 145 miles; greatest altitude, 1,140 feet; lowest, 370 feet; mean average, 735 ; coastline ou Lake Michigan, 60 miles; Michigan City only lake harbor. Ohio river forms entire southern boundary. Wabash, the largest river in the State, drains three-fourths of the entii'e area. State well watered, but few of the streams navigable. CLIMATE.— Temperature at Indianapolis: Mean winter, 28°, extreme, — 25° ; summer, 76°, extreme, 101°. Average annual rainfall, In- dianapolis, 44.4 inches. POPULATION.— Indiana ranked twenty- first in 1800 and 1810, eighteenth in 1820, thir- teenth in 1830. tenth in 1840, seventh in 1850, sixth in i860, 1870, and 1880, and eighth in 1890. Total population, 1800, 5,641; 1810,24,520; 1820, 147,178; 1830, 343,031; 1840, ^85,866; 1850,988,416; 1860, 1,350,428; 1870, 1,680,637; 1880, 1,978,301; 1890,2,192,404. Classification: Male, 1,118,347; female, 1,074,057; native, 2,046,199; foreign, 146,205; white, 2,146,736; colored, 45,668— Afri- cans, 45,215; Chinese, 92; Japanese, 18; PRINCIPAL. CITIES — Indianapohs, the capital and chief city, prominent as a railroad and manufacturing center, population, 105,436; Evansville, the commercial center of the south- west, and second city in importance, popula- tion, 50,756; Fort Wayne, most important city of the northeast, prominent in manufactures, population, 35,393; Terre Haute, an active com- mercial and educational center, population, 30,217 ; South Bend, an important manuf actvu*- ing point in the north, population, 21,819. URBAN POPULATION.— At the census of 1880, twenty-seven cities and towns had a population of 4,000 or more, aggregate popula- tion being 327,248; during the j^ast decade the number of cities having 4,000 or more popula- tion increased to thirty-seven, aggregate pop- ulation, 507,133, increase, 179,885 or 54.97 per cent. Greatest numerical increase, Indianap- olis, 30,380 or 40.48 per cent.; Evansville, 21,476 or 73.35 per cent. AGRICULTURE — Cultivation of the soil forms the chief industry. Stock-raising and dairy farming successfully and extensively carried on. State ranks fourth in production of corn, wheat, and swine. Acreage and yield of principal crops 1891 : Corn, 3,712,380 acres, 123,622,000 bushels; wheat, 2,917,518 acres, 52,807,000 bushels; oats, 895,067 acres, 21,034,000 bushels. Latest reports give yield of buckwheat, 99,959 bushels; barley, 250,200 bushels; rye, 877,532 bushels; hay, 1,812,500 tons, value, $18,995,000; tobacco, 7,710,297 pounds. HORTICULTURE, ETC — Apples, pears, plums, peaches, and smaU fruits are cultivated extensively. Wine culture begun by Swiss settlers of Vevay in 1813; State now has 3,850 acres under bearing vines, 1,000 acres under new vineyards; 10.780,000 pounds grapes sold for table vise, and 224,500 gallons of wine made in 1889. The State has 223 nurseries, with a total of 5,464 acres; capital invested, $1,056 611 ; number acres under apples, 1,025; small fruits, 1,298; plum, pear, and peach ti'ees follow in order. Indiana has 107 establishments en- gaged in floriculture — 13 owned and managed by women; total value, $782,607; plant sales, $276,909; cut flowers, $184,647. LIVE STOCK.— Number and value of farm animals 1891: Horses, 725.256, $53,388,- 703; mules, 56,841, $4,342,014; milch cows, 657,048, $15,276,366; cattle, 1,085,236, $20,925,520; 33 per cent, of total number cattle high-grade stock; sheep, 1,161,702, $4,298,762; swine, 3,586,- 380, $12,787,060. MINERAL RESOURCES. — Principal minerals, coal, iron, petroleum, natural gas, limestone, sandstone; fire, pottery, and terra cotta clays; white sand for manufacturing plate glass, molding sand, and at Michigan City an extensive supply of sand for green and colored glass. Salt and medicinal springs are numerous in the south. Coal measures are bituminous, they include Indiana block— 600 square miles— coking and cannel coals; total area of coal field, 7,000 square miles, belongs to Central or Illinois field; product of mines, 1889, 2,845,057 tons, value, $1,454,327. LIMESTONE AND SANDSTONE. — Stone industry advanced rapidly in import- ance during past decade. Among the North Central States, Indiana stands second in im- portance as a producer of limestone; ranks third in countiy in total value of production, but second in limestone quarried for building; number quarries, 1889, 172, total value of out- put, $1,889,336; cubic feet quarried for build- ing, 7,402,345; lime manufactured, 1,074,517 barrels. State has 11 sandstone quarries, out- put 1889, 334,441 cubic feet, value, $43,983. Orange County produces superior quality for abrasive purposes, 38,113 cubic feet quarried there in 1889. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS. —Indiana produced 32,758 barrels of petroleum in 1889, and 63,496 barrels in 1890. State has about sixty towns with paying gas wells; capi- tal invested in gas industry, 1889, $8,205,813; amount of coal displaced by gas, 1890, 897,000 tons, value, $2,242,500; wood displaced, 30,000 cords, value, $60,000. MANUFACTURES.- State possesses ex- cellent facilities for extensive manufactm-es. Chief among the present industries are the NEW POCKET ATLAS. 77 manufacture of agricultural implements, car- riages and ■svagous, furniture, "railway cars, lumber, flour, pork packing, and woolen goods. Latter industry has sixty-flve estab- lishments, with a total capital of S-^. 827. 195; number of employes. 3.109, wages paid, .§817,- 38-7; value of products, S3.8tJ3.786. Indiana has 6 mills engaged in cotton manufactiu-es— capital invested, $1,744,7:^'0: number of em- ployes, 1,32.5—321 men, 749 women, 235 children ; amount paid in wages, $:332.676; cost of mate- rials used, $919,. 56(5; total value of products. $1,350,042. State occupies thirteenth place as a producer of steel and eighteenth place in pig iron production. RAILAVAYS — State well supplied with railway facilities. Number miles in operation : 1H46, 22; 18.50. Ill; 18.5.5. 1.40(5; 1860, 2.163: 186.5. 2,217; 1870, 3,177; 187.5. 3,963; 1880, 4,373; 188.5, 5,614; 1890, 6,106. State has one mile of rail- way to each 5.95 squai-e miles. KDUCATIOJs.— Common school system estabHshed under constitution of 1K51, in oper- ation since 18.53. School age, 6-21. Nundjer pupils in pubhc schools, IHiW, .5'37,264. State Normal school, Terre Haute. Number puprls in private schools, 43, .505. State has 15 col- leges, 2 .seminaries, and 18 academies. Indiana State Uiiiversitv. Blooiningtou, organized 1S20. LKG.VL H<)I.IDAYS.— .January 1, Febru- ary 22, May ;iO, Jul^' 4. first Monday in Sept+'m- ber. Thanksgiving, December 25, public fast, and election. STATK INSTITUTION.S. — Institutions for education of the blind and deaf and dumb. at Indianapolis; school and asylum for feeble- minded youth. Fort Wayne: Soldiers' and Sail- ors' Orphans' Home, near Knightstown; East- ern Indiana Hospital for Insane, Richmond; Southern Insane Hospital, Evansville; North- ern, Long Chflf, near Logansport ; Central, Indi- anapolis. State prisons at JefEersonvilie and 3Iichigau City; woman's prison and reform school for girls, Indianapolis; reform school for boys at Plainfield. POSTAL,.— Total number post ofiRces 2,093; number presidential offices, l(y7— 5 fii'st-class. 24 second-class, 78 third-class; number fourth- class offices, 1.986; monej" order. 399. CIVIL, WAR.— State furnished 190.363 men — 193.748 white troops, 1,078 sailors and marines. 1,.537 colored troops: aggregate num- V)er deaths. 26,672. State had 55,704 pensioners on the rolls, June, 1891. POLITICAL.. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators, 50; Representatives, 100: sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years: limit of session, 61 dajs; term of Senatoi"s, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years, dumber of electoral votes, 15; number voters, 595,066. Voters nmst be citizens or declared intention, residents of State 6 months, of county C() days, and of precinct 30 days; registration not required. Convicts excluded. LKGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 j'ears: open accounts, t»: notes, 10; redemption of ta.\ sales. 2 j^ears. Legal inter- est rate, 6; by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, t^(K' Sq.Mls. ^^•^• Adams, G-13 m) 20,181 Allen, D-12 650 ()6,6.S9 Bartholomew,P-9 400 23,867 Benton. G-3 503 11,903 Blackford, H-11 - 170 10,461 Boone, K-7 420 26,.572 Brown, 0-8 330 10,308 Carroll, G-6 370 20,021 Cass, F-7 420 31. 152 Clark, T-10 381 30,259 Clay, N-4 3<;0 30,536 Clinton, 1-7 400 27,:370 Crawford, T-7 . . . 270 13,941 Daviess, R-4 430 26,227 Dearborn, P-13.- 287 23,364 Decatur, O-IO. . . 380 19,277 Dekalb, C-12 ..-- 370 24,307 D.-laware, Ml... 400 30,131 Dubois, T-5 410 20,253 Elkhart, B-9 470 39,201 Fayette. M-12.... 210 12,630 Floyd, T-9 140 29,458 Fountain, J-1.... 390 19,558 Franklin, N-12..- 400 18,360 Fulton, E-8 380 16.746 Gibson, T-2 490 24,920 Grant, H-10 4-0 31,493 Greene, P-5 540 24,379 Hamilton, J-8 --- 400 26.123 Hancock, L-9.... 307 17,829 Harrison, U-8--. 470 20,786 Land p Counties. Area, ■, adn Sq.Mls. ^^•'"• Hendricks, L-7 . . 400 21,498 Henry, K-11 400 23,879 Howard, H-8 .... ;300 26,186 Huntington, F-11 380 27,()14 Jackson, Q 8 510 24,139 Jasper, E-4 570 11,1^5 Jay, 1-12 390 2:3,478 Jefl?erson,R-ll... 370 24,.507 Jennings, Q-10 . . .3.50 14.608 Johnson, N-8.... 320 19,.5(!1 Knox, R-3 510 28,044 Kosciusko, D-9 . 5.56 28,645 Lagrange, B-11.. 3H4 1.5,615 Lake, C-3 500 23.886 Laporte, B-6 540 34,445 Lawrence, Q-7... 452 19,792 Madison, J-10--.. 450 36,487 Marion, L-8 400 141,156 Marshall, C8.... 441 2:3 818 Martin, S-5. 340 13.973 Miami, F-8 360 25,823 Monroe, 0-7 430 17,673 Montgomery, J-5 504 28,025 Morgan, N-7 4:30 18 643 Newton, E-3 400 8,803 Noble, C-11 420 23,-359 Ohio,Q-12-.. 90 4.955 Orange, S-7 400 14,678 Owen, 0-5 390 15.040 Parke, L-4 440 20 296 Perry, V-6 380 18,240 Land p Counties. Area, z^2^' Sq. Mis. ■^^'^• Pike. T-4 310 18,544 Porter, C-4 410 18,0.52 Posev, V-1 398 21, .529 Pula.ski, E-6 4:30 11,2:5.1 Putnam, L-5 ...490 22,:V]:< Randolph, J-12 . 460 28,ns.5 Ripley, P-11 4.50 19,a5U Rush, 31-11 414 19,0:34 St. Joseph, B-8.. 470 42,457 Scott, R-9 1 90 7,8:33 Shelby, N-9. 400 2.5,4.54 Spencer, V-5 390 22,0(;o Starke, D-6 ;300 7..«9 Steuben, A-12.... 3:30 14,478 Sullivan, P-3 440 21,877 Switzerland, R-12 2:30 12,5!4 Tippecanoe, 1-5 . 500 35,078 Tipton, 1-8 260 18,157 Union, M-13 170 7,006 Yanderburg, V-2. 2:30 59,809 Vermilion, L,-3... 270 1.3,154 Vigo, N-3 410 50,195 Wabash, F-9 4:30 27,126 Warren, 1-4 360 10,955 i Warrick, V-4 390 21,161 ' Washington, S-8. 500 18,619 I Wayne, L-12 380 37,628 1 Wells, G-12 357 21,514 White, G-5 500 15, 671 Whitley, D-ll.... 3:30 17,768 I total. ....35,910 2,192,404 78 RAND, McNALLY & CO. '8 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 79 80 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S ILLINOIS. Il-lin-oi'. "Prairie or Sucker State." From Indian, "Ulini," men, and French, "ois," tribe of men. HISTORIC At,.— The eighth State admitted into the Union. First mission by the French established near Utica in 1675; first permanent settlement made at Cahokia about 1682; Kas- kaskia settled in 1700; Illinois Territory organ- ized 1809; admitted as a State 1818; second constitution adopted 1848; present constitution ratified in 1870. AREA 56,650 square miles; land, 56,000 square miles; water, 650 square miles; greatest length, 385 miles; grcatesc breadth, 218 miles; highest land, 1,150 feet; number of counties, 102; number of miles of navigable streams. 4,000. CLIMATE. — TemperaiurP at Chicago: Mean winter, 24°, extreme, —23°; summer, '"(2°, extreme, 10)°; average rainfall, 36.2 inches. Springfield, winter, 25°, extreme, —22°; sum- mer, 77°, extreme, 102°; average rainfall, 40.7 inches. Cairo, winter, 34°, extreme, — 16°; summer, 79°, extreme, 103°; average rainfall, 43.6 inches. POPULATION.— Illinois ranked twenty- fourth in population in 1810 and 1820, twentieth in 1830, fourteenth in 1840, eleventh in 1850. fourth in 1860, 1870, and 1880, third in 1890. Population 1810, 12,282; 1820, 55,162; 1830, 157,- 41;-); 1840. 476,183; 1850,851,470; 1860, 1,711,951; 1870, 2,539,891; 1880. 3,077,871; 1890, 3,826,351. Chissificati(m: Male, 1.972,308; female, 1,851,043; nitive, 2,984,004; foreign, 842,347; white, 3,768,- 472; colored, 57,879— Africans, 57.028; Chinese, 740; Japanese, 14; Indians, 97. PRINCIPAL CITIES Kaskaskia first capital, seat of government removed toVandalia, 1818; aid to Springfield, 1837; Legislature fir.>-t met at Springfield, 1839. Chicago, " Garden City of the West,'" popuiati-m, 1892, 1,438,010; Peoria ranks second, population, 41,024; Q,uincy third, population, 31,494; Springfield, capital, ranks fourth population, 24,963; Rockford ranks fifth, population, 23,584; Joliet sixth, ponulation, 23,264. URBAN POPULATION.— Large increase in urban population since enumeration of 1880. Tenth census showed 38 cities with a popula- tion of 4,000 or more; aggregate population, 844,462; eleventh shows 47 cities and towns having a population of 4.000 or more; aggre- gate population, 1,604,943. Numerical increase greatest in Chicago — 596, 665 or 118.58 per cent.; percentage of increase greatest in Austin —198 per cent.; Onk Park — 1.52.70 per cent ; practi- cally suburbs of Chicago, and Streator— 121.33 per cent. AGRICULTURE Illinois, a leading agri- cultural State, has 42,000 square miles of fertile upland prairie. State ranks first in oats, area grown in 1890, 3,372,451 acres, product, 70,821,- 000 bushels; ranlcs second in corn, area, 7,154,424 acres, product, 187,446,000 bushels; area under wheat, 1,853,173 acres, product, 18,161,000 bushels. HORTICULTURAL, ETC.-Illinois ranks second in number, and third in capital invested in nurseries. Industry established 1840-50. Number nurseries, 1890, 4'M; acreage, 17,812, value, $3,595,850; capital invested, $4,778 083; one-fourth total acreage under apples, plums rank second. State has 21 seed farms of 13,367 acres, capital invested. $1,717,4:32; num- ber florist establishments, 330-20 owned and managed by women ; total square feet of glass, 3,236,750, value of establishments, $2,945,442; plant sales, $605,796; cut flowers, $1,888,722. LIVE STOCK.— Illinois leads in value of horses, number in 1890, 1,123,973, value, $83,301,- 912; ranks second in swine, having 5,433,250, value, $30,517,479; third in cattle, l,7l3,966,value, $32,076,531; fourth as a dairy State, 1,072,473 milch cows, value, $24,259,339. COAL.— First discovery of coal in United States by Father Hennepin, near Ottawa, 1698. State second only to Pei.nsylvauia in produc- tion of bituminous coal; coal area, 37,000 square miles; number of mines in State, 1,000; coal mined in 60 counties ; total product, 1890, 12,638,000 tons, value, $11,755,000. LIMESTONE.- Of the North Central States, Illinois ranks first in the production of limestone. Number ot quarries, 104; 21,433,967 cubic feet quarried for building; value, $1,084,- 5.56; 877,274 barrels of lime manufactured, value, $366,245; total value of product, $2,190,607. MANUFACTURES.- In the manufacture of distilled spirits, Illinois leads; latest reports 'Ave product as 33,000,000 gallons; State is fourth in fermented liquors; breweries produced 2.280,000 gallons. In the packing of meat Ill- inois ranks ahead of all other States. It is second in the production of steel, produces 20 per cent, of the entire product of the States, or 86S,000 tons; ranks fourth in the production of pig iron, producing 674,000 tons. In 1880, the State had 67 establishments engaired in the wool industry; capital invested, $1,433,353; cost of materials used, $1,623,693; value of products, $2,380,.584. Total number of establishments in 1890, 63; capital invested, $3,265,794; cost of materials used, $1,766,270; value of products, $3,289,541. RAILWAYS.— Illinois ranks first in railway mileage. State has 6 per cent, of total mile- age of United States. One mile of railway to each 5.5 square miles. Number of miles of railway in 1850, 111; 1855,887; 1860,2,790; 1865, 3,157; 1870,4,823; 1875, 7,109; 1880, 7,851; 1885, 8,901; 1890,10,129; 1891, 10,189. Capital Stock of Illinois railroads, $847,488,296; l)onds, $920,- 683,061. Amount of stock held in Illinois, $32,- 480,885. EDUCATION. — School system founded 1855; township high schools first established 1867; school age, 6-21; permanent school fund, over $12,800,000; number of public school- houses, 12,252; 778,319 pupils enrolled in public schools; 105,000 in private schools. Illinois State Normal University located at Normal, over 1,100 stud.-nts; Southern Illinois Normal University at Carhondale,1,400 students; Cook County Normal School at Chicago; University of Illinois, at Urbana, over 500 students. STATE INSTITUTIONS — For education of deaf, dumb, and blind at Jacksouvilk- ; Asylum NEW POCKET ATLAS. 81 for Feeble-Minded Children at Lincoln ; Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Normal ; State Reform School at Pontiac; Northern Hospital for Insane at Elgin; Eastern Hospital for Insane, Kankakee; Central Hospital for Insane, Jacksonville; South- ern Hospital for I' sane, Anna; Asylum for Insane Criminals at Chester; Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Q,aincy; Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago; State Penitentiaries, Joliet and Chester LEGAL, HOLIDAYS — January 1st. Feb- ruary 12th, February 22d, May 30th, July 4th, fii-st Monday in September, any day appointed by Governor or President for Fast or Thanks- giving, December 25th. If Sunday, then Mon- day is holiday. Notes payable on Saturday. POSTAL.— Illinois has 2.4G2 post offices, 220 of which are presidential offices; there are six offices of the first cia.ss; 40. second class; 174, t!)ird class; 2.842 fourth class. Number of money-order offices, 719; money-order stations, 34; postal note offices, .32. CIVIL WAR During the Civil War,Illinoi8 furnished a total of 259,0!i2 men : 255,057 white troops, 2,224 sailors and marines, and 1,811 colored troops. The total number of deaths from all causes was 34,834. June .30, 1891, tbere were 54,336 pensioners on the rolls of the Chi- cago agency, 319 were for the war of liS12, and 1,007 for the war with Mexico; number jpen- sioners in the State. 49,711. POLITICAL. — State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 51; Representatives, 153; sessions, biennial in odd- numbered years, meeting Wednesday alter first Monday in January; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 24. Number voters, 1,072,663. Voters must be actual citi- zens; residents of State, one year, of county, 90 days, of precinct, 30 days; registration re- quired; convicts, unless pardonedr excluded. SUPREME COURT.— There are seven judges, one from each of the seven districts ; term, nine years; elections in June of the year in which any term expires; State divided into Northern, Central, and Southern Grand Divi- sions; Court terms, Central Grand Division, held at Springfield, January and June; North- ern Grand Division, Ottawa, March and Octo- ber; Southern Grand Division, Mount "Vernon, Mav and November. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 7 years; notes, 10 years; open accounts, 5 years; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Rafe of taxation, .33 on SIW. Leiral interest, 5; by contract, 7; usury forfeits entire interest. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, .q,^' Sq. Mis. ^'*-*^- Adams, K-2.... 830 61,888 Alexander, V-8. 2:^ 16,563 Bond, 0-7 380 14,550 Boone, A-9 290 12,203 Brown, K-3.... 300 11, 0.")! Bureau, E-7--.. 870 3.5,014 Calhoun, N-4.- 200 7,652 Carroll, C-6.... 440 18,320 Cass, K-5 360 15,963 Champaign, K-ll 1,000 42.159 Christian, M-8.. 710 130,531 Clark, N-12.... 510 21,899 Clay, P-lO 470 16,772 Clinton. D-8.-.- 494 17,411 Coles, M-11.... 520 30,093 Cook, C-12 '.m 1,191,922 Crawford, 0-12. 45J 17,283 Cumberland, ' N-11 mo 15,443 DeKalb, C-9 .. 650 27.066 DeWitt, J-9.... 405 17,011 Douglas, L-11.. 410 17,669 Dupage, C-11-. 340 22.551 Edgar, K-12 . . . . 630 26,787 Edwards, Ci-11. 220 9,444 Effingham, O-IO 490 19,358 Fayette, P-9... 720 2^3,367 Ford, Ml 490 17,035 Franklin, S-9.-. 430 17,1:38 Fulton, 1-5 870 43,110 Gallatin, T-11.- 349 14,9.35 Greene, N-5..-. 544 2.3,791 Grundy, E-11.. 440 21,024 Hamilton, S-IO. 440 17,800 Hancock, J-2.. 769 31,907 4 L*^^ Pod Counties, Area, ^affk Sq. Mis. •'^■'"■ Hardin, U-ll... 194 7,234 Henderson, H-3 380 9,876 Ileury, E-5 830 3:3,3:38 Iroquois, H-12. 1,120 ;3.M67 Jackson, T-7..- 580 27,809 Jasper, O-ll.... .5(i6 1S.18S Jefl"erson, R-9.- 580 •J-,>,5!»0 Jersey, 0-5 :3eO 14,S10 Jo Daviess, A-5 663 25,101 Johnson, U-9.. 340 15,013 Kane, C-10 540 6.5,061 Kankakee, F-12 680 28,732 Kendall, D-11.. ;330 12,106 Knox, G-5 720 38,752 Lake, A-11 490 24.2:35 LaSalle, E-9.. .1,152 80,798 Lawrence, Q,-12 360 14,698 Lee, C-8 740 26,187 Livingston, G-10 1,026 38,455 Logan, J-7 620 25,489 McDonough,J-4 580 27,467 McHenry, A-10 . 624 26,114 McLean, 1-9. ...1,166 63,036 Macon, K-9.... 580 38,083 Macoupin, N-6- 864 40,380 Madison, P-6.-. 740 51,535 Marion, P-8.... 580 24,341 Marshall. G-7.- 400 13,653 Mason, J-6 560 16,067 Massac, V-10... 240 11,313 Menard, K-6... 320 1:3,120 Mercer, F-3.... 555 18,545 Monroe, R-5... 380 12,948 Montgomery, N-7 702 30,003 Land p Counties. Area, .onn' Sq. Mis. ^^•'" Morgan, L-5... 580 32,636 Moultrie, L-10. 340 14,481 Ogle, C-8 780 28,710 Peoria, H-6.... 615 70,:378 Perry, R-8 440 17,529 Piatt, K-10 440 17,062 Pike, M-3 795 31,000 Pope. U-10 :3t;0 14,016 Pulapki, V-9... I!i0 11,355 Putnam, F-8-.- 170 4,730 Randolph, S-6- 560 25,049 Richland, P-11. :361 15,019 Rock Island. E 3 440 41,917 St. Clair, Ci-6.. 6S0 66,571 Saline, T-10.... 380 19,342 Sangamon, L-7. 860 61,195 Schuyler, J-4.. 4:30 16,013 Scott, M-4 250 10,304 Shelby, L-9.... 776 31,191 Stark, F-6 290 9,982 Stephenson, A-6 560 31,338 Tazewell, 1-7... 650 29,556 Union, U-8 400 21,549 Vermillion. J-12 926 49,905 Wabash, Q-12.. 220 11,866 Warren, H-4.-. 540 21,281 Washington, R-7 540 19,262 Wayne, Q-10... 720 2.3,806 White, S-11..-. 500 25,005 Whiteside, C-6. 700 30,854 Will, E-12 850 62.007 Wil]iam8on,U-9 440 22,226 Winnebigo, A-8 552 39,938 Woodford, G-8. 540 21,429 Total 56,000 3,826,.351 82 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 83 84 RAND, McNALLY & CO/S MICHIGAN. 3iish'e-gan. "Wolverine State." Indian — Signifies "A weir for fish/' HISTORICAL, — Country first explored by Jesuit Missionaries early in the 17th century. First permanent settlement made by French, at Sauit Sie. Marie. 1668. Detroit "founded, irOl. Country passed into the hands of the EngUsh. 1763". This brought about the con- spiracy of Pontiac, the destruction of Macki- naw, and siege of Detroit. British held 31ich- igan after the Revolution until 1796. Michi- gan Territory formed out of Northwest Ter- ritory, 1805. Territory scene of active war- fare "during war of 1812-15. ^Michigan State admined into the Union, 1837. The thirteenth Slate to enter. AREA, ETC — Total area, 58.915 square miles: land area. 57.4;Bi;» square miles: water. 1.4-^. State naturally divided into two penin- sulas—Upper and Lower. Lower peninsula has an average width, east and west, of 'MO miles : length, north to south. 300 miles. Length of Upper Peninsula, east to west, 318 miles: width, 30 to 164 miles. Coast line 1.600 mil-^s in length. Vessels of -2.000 tons may pass entire distance in sight of land. Greatest elevation. Upper Peninsula, Porcupine Moun- tain. 2,(j^i feet: Lower Peninsula, 574 feet. CLIMATE. -Temperature at Grand Ha- ven: Mean winter. 24". extreme. — '24': summer. 69'. extreme. 92=: Marquette, winter. 16". extreme, —27- : sununer, 65% extreme, 99° ; Pore Huron, winter, 21', extreme. —25-; summer, 69". extreme, 99'. Average annual rainfall: Grand Haven. :i7.9 inches: Mar- quette. 32.6 inches; Port Huron. 32.1 inches. POPULATION'.— Michigan ranked twen- ty-fiith in pc)pulation in 1810. twenty-seventh in l;i20 and 183"). twenty-third in 184<3, twentieth in 1850. sixteenth in i860, thirteenth in 18?0. ninth in 188* J and 1890. Total population. 1810. 4.7b2: l$2i:t. 8.765: 1S30. 31.639: 1840. 212,267: 185«j. 397.654: 1860, 749.113: 1870. 1.184,Ce9: 1880, 1.636,937: lS9i3. 2.(3*3.889. Classification: Malei 1.091.780: female, l,5— Africans. 1.5.223: Chinese, 120; Japanese, ?jS: Indians. 5.624. PRINCIPAL CITIES Detroit, the me- trop2. Beside Dtitroit. Marquette, Port Huron, and Grand Haven are ports of entry. UKBA>» POPULATION. — There are thirty-nine cities and tOAvns of 4.ij«jj or more inhabitants. Greatest numerical increases during decade found in Detroit, 89.536: Grand RapidS. •i!f,262: Sjaginaw. 16.781: Muskegon, 11.44<.>. Percentages of increase greatest in Menominee. 223.30 per cent: West Bay City, li>2.92 per cent: 3luskegon, 101. .58 per cent: Marquette. '.^3.S8 i)er cent. A GRICCLT ORE.— Agriculture, a leading industry. Wheat, the most important crop, ' production, 1891, 30.205.000 bushels, value. S.;7,486.910: oats. 30.280.000 bushels, value, S9.689.441. State occupies an important place among those that produce buckwheat. Latest reports give area under buckwheat f-s 70.046 acres, yield, 811.977 bushels: bai-ley, 99,305 acres, vield. 2, 522.376 bushels. HORTICULTURE. — As a grower of peaches, apples, strawberries, and other fruits of the temperate cUmate. ^lichigan is one of the foremost states in the coimtry. In 1890 there were 210.164 acres under apples; sales aggregated, 1.499.158 bushels; peaches, 20,124 acres: sales, 40 625 bushels; value of apples and peaches, $944,332: value cherries, pears, and plmns sold. S65.217: strawberries, S166.- 033: other berries, $267,398; grapes. §122,394. LIVE STOCK. — Farm animals, 1891: Horses, 519.896. value. $40,757,393: mules, 3,779. value. S^35;J,991: milch cows, 459.475, value, $11,137,674; oxen, and other cattle, 508.938, value. $10,521,389: sheep, 2. 35 i. 779, value, $7,560,338; swine, 892,0^^7, value, $4,- 611,83.3. FISHERIES.— The fresh-water fisheries are among the most productive in the country. Over 1.7C>0 men engaged in the industry on the Great Lakes. Capital invested. $950.6.53. Total yield of aUfish. 34,490.1^ pounds, value, §1.- 066.249. Among the fish taken, the most valu- able are whitefish. trout, herring, and stur- geon. Whitefish. the most popiilar of those taken, yield. 10.:i48.133 pounIichigans tonnage equals 40.34 per cent of total output of country. "^ alue represents 47.38 per cent of the total value of entire cotmtry. Total ntunber long tons mined, 5,856.169. value, $15.8'Xi,.521. State ranks second only to Montana in copper pro- duction: output for year. 87,455.675 poimds. i Coal area, 7.Iiohigan Central completed, Detroit to YpsOanti, l^iS. Number of miles in operation in IjviO, 59: 1840. 238: ISo^J. 342; ItSo. 474: IS&X 779: I8t>5. 941: 1870. l.'iSS: 1^^. .3.391; IS^J. 3.938; 1885. 5.3«:il: 1890. 7.108: December. 189], 7.187. State has one mile of railway to each 8.19 square miles of territorv. KDDCATION. — Compulsory education a law since 1 8S3. All districts required to furnish text b47. Universitv of Michigan, Ann Arbor, organized 1837. has *2.650 students: State Normal School. Ypsilanti: Agricultural College. Lansing: Min- ing College, Houghton. Number colleges in State. 10. LEG.4I. HOLID.4YS Januan.' 1, Feb- ruary- 22. May :i<". July 4, Thanksgiviner. I>e- cember 25, and any fast day. "Wlien hohday falls on Sxmday ^he following Mondav is observed. STATE INSTITUTIONS. — Michigan SchcKjl for the Blind at Lansing: School for Deaf. Flint, established, 1S54: State Eeform School. Lansing: State Industrial Sch'X»l for GHrls, Adrian: School for Dependent children. Cold water : Michigan Insane Asylum, Kalama- zoo, established. 1859: Eastern Insane Asvlum. Pontiac. established. 1878: Asylum for Insane Criminals, and State Reformatory are at Ionia; Northern Michigan Asylum. Traverse City:' State Soldiers' Home, 'Grand Rapids: State PriS'Dii. Jackson. POSTAL — Total ntunber postoflBces. 1.923: number presidential offices. I5<:i — } first-class: 29 second-class: 117 third-class: number fourth- class oflBces. 1.. (3: monev-order oflSces. 445. POLITIC AL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday a:"- - - - - "" - ' — - ^' --Tiiber. Number of S^-na -. 10(.i: term. 2 years: > „_ -num- bered years: Umii ui stassioTi. none. Number of electoral votes. 14. Ntunber voters, «)17.445. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, resident of State 3 months, of county and precinct 10 days: registration required. Ahens, who have not declared intention 6 months previous to election, Indians, and duelists excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 6 years: open accounts, 6: notes, 6: re- demption of tax sales 1 year. Legal interest rate. 6: bv contract. 8. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis Alcona, K-12 700 Alger. D-7 9S3 Allegan, S-6 8:i5 Alpena, J-11 5S0 Antrim. J-S 538 Arenac, M-11 ... 388 Baraga, C-4 915 Barr\-. S-7 580 Bay."0-ll 466 Benzie. K-5 340 Berrien. U-5 570 Branch, V-8 504 Calhoun. T-S--- 730 Cass. U-6 504 Charlevoix, 1-8 . 427 Cheboygan, H-9. 815 Chippewa, D-10.1 ti06 Clare. M-9 580 Clinton. R-9 ^80 Crawford. K-9-- 580 Delta. E-7 718 Dickinson. D-5. . - . . Eaton. S-9 58","t Emmet. G-S 438 Genesee. R-11... d40 Gladwin. N-IO. 540 Gogebic, D-2 1.115 Grand Traversse. K-7 485 Gratiot, P-9 .V^,> Pop. 1890. 5,409 1.238 a^i.t^i r "-" 1 56,412 I 5,2371 41,285 ^26.791 43.501, 20,953 9,686 11,986 12,019; 7,558 I 26.509 1 2.962, 15.3:» I 4.2*.c. 13.166 13.355 28.668 Land p Coimties. Area, KUm, Sq. Mis. ^'^• Hillsdale, V-9-.. 597 30,660 Houghton, C-l .1,000 35,389 Huron, N-13 750 28,545 ' -Lam, S-IO... 552 37.666 i,R-8 580 $».801 .L-12 563 15,224 D-4 1.100 4,432 -lla,0-9.-.. 580 la?^ I.leRoval, F-2.. 215 IV Jackson, T-IO... 720 45.'> ^- ' • -,x>. U-7 576 39.27 ..K-8-- 580 5.1' ^ : 960 109,^,\' Ktrwwnaw, A-5- ^0 2,894 Lake, N-6 580 6.5i>5 Lapeer. Q-13 . . . . 660 29.: Leelanaw, J-6 . . 350 7. Lenawee. V-10.- 720 48.-^- Livingston, S-11 580 20.858 Luce. C-9 915 2,455 Mackinac. E-lO .1,045 7,830 Macomb. S-13..- 468 31.813 ^' --istee. L-6--- 550 24.-i3Ci tou. F-9.-. 120 860 :4uette. D-5- 2.399 39,521 Mason, N-5 500 16,385 Mecosta, 0-7 ... 580 19.697 Menominee,F-5.1.3e2 33,639 Midland. O-lO .. 530 10.657 Counties. Land Area, Sq.Mls. 580 530 720 580 520 860 900 540 57X) 3Iissaukee. L-8 Monroe. V-12 . . . Montcalm. P-8 . Montmoreucv, J-10 "... M'-^-- - P-5.. > - '»-6.- >12... .ii.a, 0-5 -■• ::iaw. L-10.. : : n^r n. C-2.1.342 - ■ 1 M-7-... 580 '.'-■j_-...X-10.... 580 Otsego, J-9 540 «~>rTawa. R^ 570 ie Isle. Ill n5 umon. L-9 580 .-..^ ..aw. P-n -- St. Clair. Q-14 .. St. Joseph, V-7.- Sanilac, 0-14 Schoolcraft. D-8 1,216 Shiawassee. Q-10 528 Tuscola. 0-12 ... 830 Van Buren. T-6 . 630 Washtenaw, r-11 720 1 Wayne, U-12 Wexford, L-7--- 816 504 960 565 580 Pop. 1890. 5,C48 32,3:37 Si, 637 1,S47 40,013 20.470 41.245 15698 5.583 a 756 14.630 1,904 4.272 35358 4.<>>7 ■2.>XiS 82.273 52.I115 25.356 32.589 5.SI8 30.952 SJ.508 30,541 42,210 ^17.114 11,278 Total --.57,430 2,093.889 RAND McNALLY NEW POCKET ATLAS. 87 a p« 88 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S WISCONSIN. Wis-kQn'sin. "Badger State." Indian— "Wild Rushing Channel." HISTORICA L..— EarUest explorations made by French, 1634; Jesuit missions found- ed at LaPointe, 1665, Green Bay, 1669; first settlers located on present site of Prairie du Chien, 1726; trading post established at Mil- waukee, 1785; Portage City founded, 1793. Development of the lead regions, 1822-32, led to the settlement of Minei'al Point, Dodgeville, and PlatteviUe. Wisconsin Territory organ- ized, April 20, 1836. State admitted into the Union, May 29, 1848; seventeenth State admit- ted. AREA, ETC.— State has a total area of 56,040 square miles; land surface, 54,450 square miles; water, 1,590; extreme length, north and south, 300 miles; breadth, east and west, ^50 miles; shore line on Lakes Superior and Mich- igan, over 500 miles. Mississippi River navi- gable throughout southwestern boundary. Elevation of State ranges from 610 to about 1,800 feet. Fox, Wisconsin, Chippewa, and other rivers furnish extensive water power. CL.1 MATE. —Temperature at La Crosse: Mean winter. 15°, extreme, —43°; summer, 73°, extreme, 101°; Milwaukee, winter, 19°, ex- treme, — 25° ; summer, 69° extreme, 100°. Aver- age annual rainfall: La Crosse, 31.9 inches; Milwaukee, 32.8 inches. POPUL.ATION, Wisconsin ranked thirti- eth in population in 1840, twenty-fourth in 1850, fifteenth in 1860 and 1870, sixteenth in 1880, and fourteenth in 1890. Total population, 1810, 30,945; 1850, 305,391; 1860, 775,881; 1870, 1,054,670; 18S0, 1,315,497; 1890, 1,686,880. Class- ification: Male, 874,951; female, 811,929; na- tive, 1,167,681; foreign, 519,199; white, 1,680,- 473; colored, 6,407— Africans, 2,444; Chinese, 119; Japanese, 9; Indians, 3,835. PRINCIPAL, CITIES.— Milwaukee, the metropolis, a prominent manufacturing and railway center; its lake commerce extensive and rapidly increasing, population, 204,468; La Crosse, second city in ?ize, has numerous manufactoi'ies and a large shipping trade, fjopulation, 25,090 ; Oshkosh, a prominent umber center, population, 22,836; Racine, one of the finest harbors on Lake Michigan; city has many important manufactures, popula- tion, 21,014; population Eau Claire, 17,415; Sheboygan, 16,359; Madison, the capital, popu- lation. 13,426. , URBAN POPULATION.-Census of 1890 returns thirty-five cities and towns showing more than 4,000 inhabitants. Greatest numer- ical increases at Milwaukee, 88,881 ; Superior, 11,983— this city did not exist in 1880, county containing but 655 inhabitants; La Crosse, 11- 535; Sheboygan, 9,045. Percentages of in- crease greatest in Kaukauna, 459.59 per cent. ; Marinette, 319; Sheboygan, 123.67; Chippewa Falls, 117.73; Wausau, 116.34; Waukesha, 112.90. AGRICULTURE. — State census of 1885 gave 332,500 persons engaged in agriculture; total value of farms and farm products. $568,- 187,288. Stare well adapted to the growing of cereals. Latest reports give cereal products in bushels: Corn, 34,624,216; wheat, 11,698,922; oats, 60,739,052; barley, 15,225-872; rye, 4,520,- 582; buckwheat, 1,064,178. Average annual production of potatoes, about 10,000,000 bush- els; value of hay, $15,000,000. Excellent tobac- co, hops, and flax are grown. Wisconsin ranks seventh among tobacco producing states; number pounds grown, 1889, 19,389,166; value, $1,260,565. Dane County, one of the leading tobacco producing districts of the country, produced 10,040,199 pounds. State produced 68,227 bushels of flax seed and 4,591 pounds of fibre; total value, $79,958; hops, 428,547 pounds; value, $51,983. HORTICULTURE, ETC.— Latest reports give production of apples, 1,670,845 bushels; value, $638,565; grapes, 541,735 pounds; value, $29,961; berries, 70,768 bushels; value, $179,464; maple sugar, 166,803 pounds; maple molasses, 37,014 gallons; honey, 1,432,766 pounds; sor- ghmn, 599,031 gallons. Number of nurseries, 117, with 1,651 acres of land; capital invested, $492,277. Seed farms, 21 ; acreage, 2,919; cap- ital, $180,878. State has 105 florists' estabUsh- ments — 6 owned and managed by women; value of estabhshments, $450,584; plant sales, $101,952; cut flower sales, $200,711. LIVE STOCK Number and value of farm animals, 1891: Horses, 463,783, $34,441,649; mules, 5,342, $438,819; milch cows, 701,774, $14,414,438; oxen and other cattle, 836,975, $13,749,322; sheep, 907,708, $2,688,630; swine, 1,109,660, $5,925,584. Dairying has long been an important industry; butter and cheese of State bear a high reputation; latest available reports, census of 1885, give production of cheese, 33,480,000 pounds; butter, 36,240,000 pounds. MINERALS — State occupies fifth place as a producer of iron; number of mines, 16; output, 837,399 tons— 735,429 red hematite — value, $1,840,908; lead and zinc mining show- ing renewed activity; output of mines, 1889: Lead, 3,3.55,159 pounds; value, $64,0^2; zinc, 49,663,765 pounds; value, $400,567. State ranks fourth in production of zinc. Granite indus- try developed during past decade; number quarries, 8; output, 1,385,600 cubic feet; value, $266,095. Among North Central States, Wis- consin ranks third in production of sandstone; 32 quarries; production, 1,146.736 cubic feet; number limestone quarries, 79; total value of prof-'ucts, $813,963; 4,537,351 cubic feet of building stone quarried; l,.'i61,611 barrels of lime manufactured; in 1891, 425,000 barrels natural rock cement produced; value of me- tallic paint produced, $31,035. MANUFACTURES.— Ranks tenth in pro- duction of pig iron; manufactured, 1890, 210,- 037 tons; number woolen mills, 65; capital, $4,049,529; employe's, 3.513-876 men, 2.481 women, 156 children; wages paid, $819 623; cost of materials used, $2,015,658; value of products, $3,493,155; number cotton mills, 4; capital, $892,509; employes, 501; wages paid, $142,470; cost of materials used, $382,183; value of products, $620,196. Milwaukee re- NEW POCKET ATLAS. 8d ports 174 separate indu!=tries, total establish- ments, 2,867; capital invested, $64,285,595; employes, 41,127; wages paid, 819,298,998; materials, 851,717,457; value of products, 891,- 354,933. Most important manufactures : Malt liquors, packed meats, leather, foundiy and machine-shop products, and flour. LtUMBEK.— Wisconsin River Valley, center of most productive white-pine districts in the woiid. In 1890, State had 863 establishments engaged in the lumber industry; capital in- vested, 884,586,623; employes, 31,050; wages paid, 88,813,188; value materials used, $30,- 755,875; products and manufactures, S49,- 547,410; value of forest products, S''J,361,357. Production of mills, 2.861.517.000 feet of lum- ber, 1,366,022,000 shingles, 58,187,000 staves,' and 7,b^l9,000 sets of headings. Number estab- lishments, 1880, 704; employe's, 7,748; capital, $19,824,059; products. 81"/J52,347. FlSHEKlliS.— Inland lakes and streams contain numerous varieties of excellent fish. The Wisconsin Fish Commission annually stocks the waters with trout, white-fish, pike, and caip. Fisheries of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior employ 687 men, with 514 boats; value of boats and apparatus, $204,249; capital invested, $289,399. Total nimiber of pounds taken, 14,774,560; value. $36:3,026. Most im- portant were trout, of which 2,885.207 pounds, valued at 8130,973, were taken; herring, 6,589,- 629 pounds; value, $123,659; white-fish, 1,433,- 041; value, 857,522. CIVIL AVAK.—State furnished 91,327 men— 91.029 white troops, iSS sailors and marines, 165 colored troops, total number deaths, 12,301. Number pensioners in State, 1891, 20,969. KAILAVAYS.— First railway in the State, 20 miles in length, constructed, 18.50; numi.er of miles in operation, 18,55, 187; 1860, !W5; 1865, 1,010; 1870, 1,525; 187.5, 2.566; 1880, 3,15.5; 1885, 4,383; 1890, 5,615. State has one mile of rail- way to each 10 square miles. COUN EDUCATION.— state makes hberal pro- visions for its common schools. In 18!'0, 3.50,- 342 pupils were enrolled in public schools; expenditures, 83,711,286; school age, 4-20; number pupils in private schools, 58,948. Uni- versity of Wisconsin, Madison, chartered 1848, has 1,097 students. State normal schools at Oshkosh, PlattevUle, Whitewater. River Falls^ and Milwaukee. Number colleges, 9. LEGAL HOLIDAY.S.— January 1, Feb- ruaiy 22, 'Slay 30, June 10, July 4, Thanksgiv- ing, December 25, and general election. STATE INSTITUTIONS. — Wisconsin School for the Deaf, at Delavan, established, 1852; School for the Blind, Janesville, estab- lished, 1850; Industrial School for Boys, Wau- kesha; Industrial School for Girls, Milwaukee; The State Pubhc School is at Sparta; Soldiers' Home, Milwaukee : Asylums for Insane, Winne- bago and Mendota; State Prison, Waupun. POSTAL Total number postofflces, 1,706; number presidential offices, 104—2 first-chiss, 21 seconcl-class, 81 third-class; number fourth- class offices, 1,602; money order, 338; postal note, 21. ^ POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and pi'esidential elec- tiofis, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senatoi-s, 33, Representatives, 100; sessions, biennial in odd-numbered years, meets second Wednesday in January; limit of session, none. Term of Senators, 4 years. Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 12; number voters, 461,722. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, resi- dents of State 1 year; registration required. Insane, idiots, and convicts, unless pardoned, excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 20yeai-s; open accomits and notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, 3 years; legal interest rate, 7; by contract, 10. TIES. Land p Coimties. Area, foJv Sq. Mis. ^''^• Adams, N-7 6W 6,889 Ashland, E-6...1,(>48 20,063 Barron, H-2...- 9(i0 15,416 Bayfield, D-4. .1,406 7,390 Brown, L-12.... 5:30 39,164 Buffalo, L-2.-.. 6.57' 1.5,997 Burnett, F-l... 891 4,393 Calumet, N-12.. 340 16,639 Chippewa, H-4-1.980 25,143 Clark, K-5 1,224 17,708 Columbia, Q-9-- 780 28,350 Crawford, Q-5.. 535 15,987 Dane, S-8 1,200 59,. 578 Dodge. 0,-10..-- 900 44,984 Door, J-14 450 15,682 Douglas, D-2-.. 1,336 13,468 Dunn, J-2 860 22,664 Eau Claire. K-4 648 30,673 Florence, F-ll.. 498 2,604 Fond du Lac, O-ll.. 720 44,088 Forest, G-10...- 1,276 1,012 Grant, S-5 1,130 36.651 Green, S-8 576 22,732 Land p Counties. Area, lo^n Sq. Mis. ^**''"- GreenLake,O-10 360 15.163 Iowa, R-6 740 22,117 Jackson, M-5..- 992 1.5,797 Jefferson, R-10. 570 33,530 Juneau, 0-7..-. 800 17,121 Kenosha, T-1 2.- 280 15,581 Kewaunee, L-13 336 16,153 Lacrosse, N-4.. 450 38,801 Lafayette, T-6.. 630 20,265 Langlade, 1-9.- - 876 9,465 Lincoln, H-8-... 700 12,008 Mauitowoc.N-13 587 37,831 Marathon. J-8 . .1,5^ 30,369 Marinette,H-12.1,118 20,304 Marquette. 0-9- 481 9,676 Milwaukee, S-13 2.32 2.36,101 Monroe, 0-5-... 900 23,211 Oconto, J-12... -1,127 15,009 Oneida, G-8... -2,036 5,010 Outagamie, L-11 640 38,690 Ozaukee, Q-13-. 232 14,943 Pepin, L-2 244 6,932 Pierce, K-1 570 20,385 Polk, H-1 955 12,968 Counties. Portage, L-8..-. 792 Price, G-6 1,160 Racine, S-12.--- 340 Richland, Q-6.. 570 Rock, T-9 720 Saint Croix, Q-7 730 Sauk, G-4 8:37 Sawyer, K-10... 1,368 Shawano, P-12-. 1,152 Sheboygan, J-1. 515 Taylor, 1-6 Trempealeau, M-3.- Vemon, P-5 Walworth, T-11 Washburn, F-2 A^rea ^^P ■t\icii, icon Sq. Mis. ^''^ 24,798 5,258 36,268 19,121 43,220 23,139 30,5'i5 1,977 19,236 42,489 6,731 18,920 25.111 27860 2,926 22,751 33,270 26,794 13,507 50,097 18,127 Total 54,450 1,686,880 990 732 800 570 864 Wash'gton, Q-12 430 Waukesha, R-U .576 Waupaca, L-10. 756 Waushara, N-9- 645 Win'ebago,N-ll 460 Wood, L-7 828 90 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S 4 n> A «, fo. td Hj NEW POCKET ATLAS. 93 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S MINNESOTA. Min-ne-sO'ta. ••Goplier State." Indian — "Minne Sotah," signifies "Cloudy Water." HISTORICAL, — Name first applied to the river, whose waters were usually tinged with blue clay from its main tributary. First recorded explorations made by Hennepin, 1680 ; forts established on Lake Pepin, 1688 and 1727. First extensive explorations made by Maj. Long, 1817 to 1823; Fort Snelling established, 1819; trading post established on site of St. Paul, 1838; town of St. Paul platted, 1847; became permanent capital, 1851. Minnesota Territoiy organized, March 3, 1849. State en- tered the Union, May 11, 1858; the nineteenth State admitted. AREA, ETC. — Total area, 83,365 square miles; land, 79.205; water, 4,160; extreme length, north and south, 380 miles; breadth ranges from 183 miles in center to 262 miles on southern boundary and 337 miles near northern boundary. Shore line of navigable waters within the State, 2,746 miles. Mississippi rises in Minnesota and is navigable for 540 miles. Numerous lakes— estimated number, 10,000— range from one to thii-ty miles in diameter. Greatest elevation, 1,826 feet; average, 1,000 feet. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Duluth: Mean winter, 10°, extreme, —41°; summer, 66°, extreme, 99°; St. Paul, winter, 11°, extreme, —41°; summer, 72°, extreme, 100°; St. Vin- cent, winter, —8°, extreme, —54°; svunmer, 65°, extreme, 103°. Average annual rainfall: Du- luth, 32.5 inches; St. Paul, 27.8 inches; St. Vincent. 16 6 inches. POPULATION.— Minnesota ranked thu'ty- sixth in population in 1850, thirtieth in 1860, twenty-eighth in 1870, twenty-sixth in 1880, and twentieth in 1890. Total population, 1850, 6,077; 1860, 172,023; 1870, 439,706; 1880, 780,773; 1890. 1,301,826. Classification: Male, 695,321; female, 606,505; native, 834,470; foreign, 467,356; white, 1,296,159; colored, 5,667— Africans, 3,683; Chinese, 94; Japanese, 2; Indians, 1888. PRINCIPAL, CITIES.— Minneapolis, the largest city in point of population, has exten- sive manufactures; one of the leading cities in the country in production of flour and lumber; number of inhabitants, 164,738; St Paul, the capital, also prominent as a manufacturing center, population, 133,156; Duluth, an import- ant grain market; capacity of its elevators, 21,250,000 bushels, population, 33,115: popula- tion of Winona, 18,208; Stillwater, 11,260. URBAN POPULATION.— The past dec- ade shows a large increase in the urban pop- ulation. State has now thirty-one cities and towns with 2,000 or more inhabitants. Numer- ical increases were greatest in Minneapolis. 117,851; St. Paul, 91,683; Duluth, 32,277, and Winona, 8,000. Largest percentages of in- crease: Duluth, 3,851.67 per cent.; Little Falls, 363.39; South St. Paul, 358.49; Minne- apohs, 251.35; St. Paul, 221.07. AGRICULTURE.- Agriculture is thechief industry of the State. Number of farms, 94,458. Wheat the staple crop; Minnesota leads all other States in production of this cereal; yield, 1891, 55,333,000, bushels, value, $43,159,692; corn, 21,586,000 bushels, value, $8,418,436; oats, 52,015,000 bushels, value, $14,- 044,163; census returns give 9,100,683 bush- els of barley; 1,2.52,663 rye; 281,705 buckwheat. State ranks first in value and production of flax; yield of seed, 1889, 2,721,987 bushels; fiber, 8,609 pounds; total value, $2,811,384; potatoes. 7,587,000 bushels; hay, 2,112,000 tons. HORTICULTURE, ETC.- Fruit culture is receiving increasing attention. Among the indigenous fruits are crab-apples, cranberries, strawberries, plums, and grapes. Latest re- turns give 169,926 bearing apple trees. State has 69 nurseries, area, 1,726 acres; value, $504,- 045 There are six seed farms, area, 1,140 acres ; capital $47,737. State has 51 florists' establish- ments — 5 owned and managed by women; value, $388,181; total number plants propa- gated, 1,489,200; plant sales, $96,823; cutflower sales, $205,672. LIVE STOCK — The live-stock interest an important and growing industry. Number and value of farm animals, 1891: Hors s, 461,185, $35,309,345; mules, 10,271, $869,410; milch cows, 577,254, $11,112,140; swine, 591,885, $3,429,384; sheep, 357,101, $998,598; oxen and other cattle, 641,946, $10,187,680; over 12 per cent, of cattle high grade stock. Soil and climate peculiarly adapted to sheep-raising; wool clip yearly averages 1,650,000 pounds. Dairy interest an important one; total value for 1888, $44,325,000; latest reports give 27,953,- 028 poimds of butter and 1,303,329 pounds of cheese. MINERALS.— Iron the principal mineral. State ranks sixth in total production — third in production of red hematite ore ; output, 1889, 864,508 tons, value, $2,478,041; copper exists on shores of Lake Superior. The stone industry has made remarkable advances during past decade. Total number quarries, 1880, 41 ; value of product, $255,818; number quarries, 1889, 102, production, $1,102,008. Value of granite quarried, 1880, $13,075; 1889, $356,782. Minne- sota ranks ninth in total production of lime- stone and fifth in building stone; total output, 7,277,348 cubic feet, value, $380,556; number sandstone quarries, 7; output, 4,156,224 cubic feet; production of natural rock cement, 1890, 87,650 barrels, value, $65,737. MANUFACTURES. -Prmcipal branches- lumbering, flouring and grist mills, brewing, agricultural machinery, furniture, and wagon making. Lumber and flour lead in importance. Minneapolis is the center of the flour industry ; capital invested, 1890, $9,960,997; value of products, $27,758,790. Total number of indus- tries in the city, 162; capital, $40,763,718; value of products, $77,146,451. St. Paul reports 116 industries, with 1,421 establishments; capital, $21,438 588; value of products, $31,0(58,200. In 1880 the manufactures of St. Louis County, in- cluding those of Duluth, were valued at $203,- 783. In 1890, Duluth had 53 industries with 285 establishments; capital, $5,411,614; employes, 4,445 ; wages paid, $2, 183,510; value of products, $8,902,718. Lumber ranked first in importance. NEW POCKET ATLAS. 93 "WOOL, INDUSTRY. — In 1880, Minnesota had 14 establishments engaged in the wool manufactures; capital invested, $198,500; em- ployes, S41; wages paid, $48,927; cost of materials used, S160.867: value of products, $263,378. In 1890, establishments numbered 27; capital, $885,716; employes, 470; wages, $1674323; materials used, $399,487; products, $730,226. LUMBER. — State has 320 estabhshments engaged in the lumber industry: capital in- vested, $27,497,187; employes, 9,927; wages paid during year, $2,860,090; value of materials used. $11,972,854; value of products, $19,123,023; production of mill^, 1 , 028, 665, 000 feet of lumber ; 460,472,000 shingles; 6,300,0QP staves; 4.50,000 sets of headings. In 1880, iMinneapolis ranked third in importance among the six principal lumbering cities in Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; in 1890 it ranked first. Value of total production was .$2.5,837,239, of which over one-fourth, or $6,5&4,456, was produced in Minneapolis. RAILWAYS. —First railroad. St. Paul to St Anthony— 10 miles -completed, July 2. 1862. Number of miles in operation in 1863, 31 ; 1865, 213; 1870, 1.092; 187.5, 1,990; 1880, 3,151: 1885, 4,319; 1890, 5..545; Jan. 1, 1892, 5,629. State has one mile of railway to each 14 square miles. CIVIL WAR— State furnished 24,020 men —2.3,913 white troops; sailors and marines, 3; I colored troops, 1(M: number deaths, 2,584. State has 10.876 pensioners. EDUCATION.— State had 281,859 pupils enrolled in common schools, 1890: expendi- tures, S4.0:i3,.516. School age. 5-21: number pupils in private schools, 36,907. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, established 1869, has 1,200 students. Normal schools, Winona, Mankato, St. Cloud, and Moorhead— over 1,500 students enrolled. State has 6 colleges. LEGAL HOLIDAYS January 1, Febru- ary 22, Good Friday, 3Iay 30, July 4, Thanks- giving, and December 25. STATE INSTITUTIONS. — Schools foi- the deaf, blind, and feeble-minded at Fari- bault; State Reform School. St. Paul; State Public School, Owatonna, established 1885; State Reformatory, St. Cloud; Minnesota Hospital for Insane. Saint Peter, established 1866; Hospital for Insane, Rochester, estab- lished 1878 ; at Fergus Falls, opened 1888. Min- nesota Soldiers' Home, ^finnehaha FaUs, estabUshed, 1887. State Pinson, Stillwater. POST AL.— Total number post offices, 1,309; number presidential offices, 71—3 first-class; 8 second class: 60 fourth-cla.ss: number of fourth-class offices, 1,238; money order, 249; postal note, 17. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State,congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number of Senatoi-s, 54 ; Representatives, 114; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years — meets Tuesday after first Monday in January; limit of se.ssion, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 9; number voters, 376.0.36. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, residents of State 4 months, of county and precinct, 10 days; registration required. Idiots, msane, and convicts excluded. LEGAL — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments. 10 years; open accounts, 6: notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, 3 months ; legal inter- est rate, 7; by contract, 10. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Aitkin, J-9 4,900 Anoka, P-10 .... 430 Becker, 1-4 1,400 Beltrami. F-6... 5,040 Benton, N-8 .... 390 Bigstone. 0-2... 450 Blue Earth, T-8. 750 Brown, S-7 .585 Carlton. K-11... 860 Carver, R-9 ;^0 . Cass, 1-7 2,990 Chippewa, P-4.. 575 Chisago, Oil--- 435 Clay, 1-2 .1,009 Cook, A-12 1..520 Cottonwood, T-5 640 Crow Wing, L-8. .5.50 Dakota. R-10 ... 575 Dodge, U- 11 .... 4;30 Douglas, M-5 ... 720 Faribault. V8.- 720 Fillmore, V-12-- 864 Freeborn, V-10.- 720 Goodhue, S-11 -. 755 Grant, M-3 576 Hennepin, P-9-- 580 Houston, V-13.. 565 Hubbard, 1-6-.. 575 Pop. 1890. 2.462 9,8&4 9,401 312 6,284 5,722 29,210 15,817 5,272 W.hi 1,247 8, .555 10.:^9 11,517 98 7,412 8,852 20,240 10,864 14,606 16,708 25,966 17,962 28,806 6,875 185,294 14,653 1,412 Land p Counties. Area, foiS" Sq. Mis. ■^'^• Isanti, O-IO 450 7,607 Itasca, E -8 5, 4;J0 743 Jackson. V-5 ... 720 8,924 Kanabec, M-9. . . .522 1,.579 Kandiyohi, P-6 . 860 13,997 Kittson, B-3 2,245 5,387 Lac-quiParle,Q-3 650 10,382 Lake, G-14 2,;380 1,299 Lesueur, S-9 460 19,057 Lincoln, S-3 500 .5,691 Lyon, S-4 720 9, .501 McLeod. Q-7.... 504 17,026 Marshall, D-3... 1,810 9,130 Mai-tin, V-7 720 9,403 Meeker, P-7 .... mO 1.5,456 Millelacs, M-9-- 580 2,845 Morrison, M-7 . . 970 13,325 Mower, V-11.... 675 18,019 Mtirray , T-4 . . - - 720 6, 692 Nicollet, S-7...- 455 13,382 Nobles, V-4 720 7,958 Norman, H-3.- -1,440 10,618 Olmsted, U-12 . . 648 19,806 OttertaU, K-4.. -2,200 34,232 Pine, M-11---- 1,400 4,052 Pipestone, T-3.. 460 5,132 Polk, F-2 3,030 30,192 Land p Counties. Area, Fq£: Sq. Mis. ^'^^• Pope, N-5 720 10,032 Ramsey, Q-IO... 162 1.39,796 Redwood, S-5 .- 870 9,.386 Renville, R 6 -- . 900 17,099 Rice, S-10 505 2.3,968 Rock, V-3 .. 470 6,817 St. Louis, F-12.- 5,860 44,862 Scott, R-9 ;i55 1.3,831 Sherburne, 0-8 .424 5,908 Sibley, R-7 588 15,199 Stearns, 0-7 .--.1,334 34,844 Steele, T-10 430 13,2.32 Stevens, N-3--.- 576 5,251 Swift, P-4 653 10,161 Todd, L-6 972 12,9:30 Traverse, N-2... 5.52 4,.516 Wabasha. S-12.. 540 16,970 Wadena , J-6 540 4,0.53 Waseca, T-9 430 13,313 Washington. Q-11 400 25,992 Watonwan, U-7. 430 7,746 Wilkin, K-2 725 4,.346 Winona, T-13.-. 630 33,797 Wright, P-8 684 24,164 YellowMedicine, R-4 612 9,854 Total. --.79,205 1,301,8:26 94 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S £ C K TS^ ~ V O B Jl e L*/ ■^ BelolfV Doon E G I ^ J ' M N ?2o B R I E N Prlmgl P/L Y '^MerrllL U T H OlieroKe«V Ilnfon v^STasTit %r-^ Schaller !,»«Y 3Idn< iron or' ■*> "Vy* „ , „T^«j F 'P R OA L yXcCoop Ritpli AT RC R/$r S O ;4 1/Zc6rleyj BJEilr*.' J'. L i l^)l^% Guthft Oentre OlendonJ :^^«''i CrescentVCitJ))^ ''r/^Ootratv kO U O L A S\ ^\Ot//VT a Wi Talley Sutton jl 0\MAHA^ Wahoo «> p«C dnlfa^ -^ ~Bcalerof Miles. ,1 T«tiiiM»h *--* ■ "-^ Lewi. -7a«*«4oA i -^OrcenfltW. - ^C^^^^^^^V^Vr « C A "V S < W^ "^ ' ^ ^f^ ^ ^ fflcc.,^ Silt i Kent \l*/tf,. B/ O o|(E 3lKufb»ikbJ », °-tjA!![<» Leon D ^xC)QT u(R 1^'rton -•v; _^ / 1 I r Lai ionf^>^«ih4nA '"i IW A M B HI C 10 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 95 .^4 *''L s;M.-«?r^«>.^js^H^^>fi^ ^vf?^fr> oJ Zand .•W»Ten, if'rI N K i\l N I ^ - 8h.llB«l -w^Oi> V 8 U T _ _ ^ ^» >l.s \AbllDcVrn P»fker»barjrl — ^ifcfciwv^p 7-; ukoD 'free I 1, ir^"'''"*'VWm\l»a.n caster T «t gtrawViry Point •■ '^vjJUI nwf'y^lta Forte City\ i^ad» B^V IgayKM ■^•^^—-^'--r B E4fN TlO N _ ,RiijTD<»4 "^/i^Wiiaf i)««a*pee -TVs,] 8 U Q U E *?« SI ° % Js Cmt iPrnm ■ OwrJr Ott^ Creci- J K *- O N i5j quoVetn Elk R" ,0'^*' WESH I Ej I O.'VV*/ uno>^KfcW^.-,Honte:n/,Jjk-W'.rro»cr»y^ "»«! r-ur/i-ilf* c ^^oloa s. SLIloh; Cv\c\l I n\ t ton t I yV O'^^ -''^ / riiirO 1^ ^rlf ' -^w^^-t^S^Sia^e .^. £^„XN, V5 c^. c_- o U, Jt,„ T \ hi:'uH^''^Vc- -^ AiJ^>^^^f^*^^VJt V^^ '^. F F E R/S O N CO'*^ A ir N E J,,, 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 RAND, McNALLY i& CO.'S IOWA. I'o-wah. "Hawkeye State." Franco-Indian—" Drowsy," applied to a tribe of Indians. HISTORICAL.— First settlement made near present site of Dubuque, 1788. Country formed part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. Permanent settlements were made at Fort Madison, Burlington, and Dubuque, 1833. Des Moines established, 1843. Iowa Territory or- ganized, June, 1838. State constitution adopt- ed, 1&46. State admitted, December 28, 1&16, the sixteenth admitted after the adoption of the Federal constitution. CLIMATE.— Temperature at Des Moines: Mean winter, 17°, extreme, —30°; summer, 75°, extreme. 104°; Dubuque: winter, 17°, extreme, —32°; summer. 75°, extreme, 101°; Keokuk; winter, 23°, extreme, —24°; summer, 77°, ex- treme, 104°. Average annual rainfall, Des Moines, 36.4 inches; Dubuque, 37.3 inches; Keokuk, 3(5.5 inches. AREA, ETC — State has an area of 56,025 square miles; 55.475 square miles land, 550 square miles water; length, east and west, 300 miles; breadth, 208 miles. Lies entirely within the Prairie region of the Mississippi Valley: surface generally undulating; elevation rang- ing from 500 to 1,700 feet; mean- elevation, 9^5 feet. Mississippi and Missouri rivers form the eastern and western boundaries; both are navigable. Principal interior rivers, Des Moines, Iowa, and Little Sioux. Big Sioux bounds the State on the northwest. POPULATION. —Iowa ranked twenty- ninth in 1840, twenty-seventh in 1850, twenti- eth in 1860, eleventh in 1870, tenth in 1880 and 1890. Total population, 1840, 43.112; 1850, 192, 214; 1860. 674,913; 1870, 1,194,020; 1880, 1,624,- 615; 1890, 1,911.896. Classification: Male, 994,- 453; female, 917,443; native, 1,587,827; foreign, 324,069; white, 1,901,086; colored, 10,810— Afri- cans, 10,685; Chinese, 64; Japanese, 1; Indi- ans, 60. PRINCIPAL CITIES — Des Moines, the capital and largest city, population, 50.093; Sioux City, second in importance, prominent railroad and manufacturing center, popula- tion, 37,806; Dubuque, center of an important trade, is a United States port of delivery, pop- ulation, 30,311. Population of Davenport, 26,- 872; Burlington, 22,565; Coimcil Bluffs. 21,474. URBAN POPULATION.— Census of 1890 gives twenty-three cities and towns with 4,000 or more inhabitants. Many cities show large increases over the population of 1880. Great- est increase shown in Sioux City; population. 1880, 7.366; 1890, 37,806; increase, 30,440, or 413.25 per cent. Increase in Des Moines, 27,- 685 or 123.55 per cent.; Cedar Rapids, 78.35 per cent.; Ottuniwa. 55.50; Clinton, 50.45. AGRICULTURE.— One of the greatest of the agricultural states. Soil and climate es- pecially fitted for the industry, the main occu- pation of the people. Area of cultivated land, 1890. 17,563,200 acres. State leads all others m production of corn; yield, 1891. 350,878,000 bushels, value, $105,263,483; wheat, 27,586,000 bushels, value, $22,345,025; oats, 102,577,000 bushels, value, $26,669,900; barley, 1890. 13,- 4G6.122 bushels; rye, 1,445,283 bushels; buck- wheat, 286,746 bushels. In 1890 there were 12,- 560,890 acres under cereals. Potatoes, flax, tobacco, and castor-oil plant largely grown. Irish potatoes average 98 bushels to the acre ; average annual value about $5,000,000; aver- age yield sweet potatoes per acre, 90 bushels, annual value, nearly $3,000,000. Iowa ranks second among flax-producing states, yieid of seed, 1889, 2,282,359 bushels; fiber, 6,281 pounds; value of products, $2,323,974; tobacco crop, 74,396 pounds. HORTICULTURE, ETC.— Fruit culture attracting great attention. Apples are largely grown, and pears, grapes, and small fruits are successfully cultivated. Value of orchard and vineyard product, 1891, $3,000,000; small fruits, $750 000. State has 183 nurseries of 12,049 acres of land; capital invested, $1,591,790. Of fruit trees, apples lead in im- portance; total number acres in nurseries, under apples, 1,741, plums, 562; cherries, 506; pears, 258 ; among small fruits 475 acres are under strawberries. Iowa has 18 seed farms with 11,152 acres of land; value, $633,923. Number establishments engaged in floricul- ture, 69 — 9 owned and managed by women; number feet of glass, 476,583; value, $424,158; plant sales, $125,164; cut flowers, $107,633. . LIVE STOCK The live stock interests ai'e large and yearly increasing in importance. Number and value of farm animals, 1891; Horses, 1,314,360, $86,921,929; mules, 41,029, $2,- 995,598; milch cows, 1,304,184, $24,479,5M; cattle, 2,707,049, $50,792,352; sheep, 565,031, $1,933,084; swine, 7,105,320, $41,645,703. In the number and value of swine, Iowa exceeds all other states. It is only excelled by New York in number and value of milch cows. Average wool clip, 1,750,000 pounds. Value of poultry product, $5,600,000. DAIRY PRODUCTS The dairy interest is rapidly becoming as important as that of farming. Excellent butter and cheese are largely produced and shipped to Eastern and Southern markets. Butter product, -1891, 168,690,715 pounds, value, $33,738,148; cfieese, 5,000,000 pounds, value, $450,000. MINERALS.— Coal occupies chief place in mineral resources; Iowa ranks fifth in pi'oduc- tion; area, 1,800 square miles; coal is mined in 26coimties; output, 1889, 4,095,358 tons, value, $5,426,509. Lead district in northeastern part of State covers 700 square miles. Mines in vicinity of Dubuque— area about 15 square miles — have been id ost productive ; ores yielded 70 per cent of lead. Zinc produced, 1889, 450 tons; iron is found in a limited extent. Lime- stone quarried chiefly in eastern and south- eastern parts of State; value of output, 1889, $530,863; number sandstone quarries, 11; out- put, $80,251; gypsum deposits large; 23,000 tons of land plaster sold 1889 and 5,507 tons of plaster paris made; total value of products, $55 250. MANUFACTURES. — Manufacturing in- dustries rapidly increasing in importance. 'Chief articles manufactured, flour, packed NEW POCKET ATLAS. 97 meats, furniture, carriages, wagons, agricul- tural implements, woolens, and foundry and machine shop products. Nimiber woolen mills, 1890,24; capital, $901,900; employe's, 387; wages paid, $135,790; cost of materials used, $507,478; value of products, $700,981. Des Jloines reports a total of 79 industries with 297 establishments: an invested capital of $2,792,979: valueof products, $5,242,992. Sioux City, 50 industries, 195establ)snments; $4.9:38,- 606 cap'tal; $14,164,667 products, of which $7,589,228 represent-ed meat products. RAILWAYS.— State had 68 miles of rail- road in operation in 1855; 1860, 655 miles; 1865, 891; 1870, 2.683; 1875, 3.850; 1880, 5,4(X): 188.5, 7,525; 1890, 8,416; January 1, 1892, 8,444 miles, or one mile of railway to each 6.63 square miles. EDUCATIOX Iowa has 493,260 pupils en- rolled in its common schools. Expenditures, 1890, $6,700,000; permanent school fund, 1891. ^4,475,000. School age, 5-21. Number pupils in private schools, .36,0;38. State University, Iowa City, established, 1847. Normal school opened at Cedar Falls, 1876. State Agri- cultural College, Ames, opened 1869. State has 20 colleges. LEGAL, HOLIDAYS — January 1, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanks- giving, and December 25. STATE INSTITUTIONS. -Iowa CoUege j for Blind at Yintou ; Institute for Deaf and > Dumb, Council Bluffs; Industrial School for boys, Eldora: School for Girls, 3IitcheUville; Asylum for feeble-minded children, Glenwood ; Soldiers" Orphans' Home, Davenport : Soldiers' Home, Marshalltown; Insane asylums, Mount Pleasant, Independe-ice, and Clariuda; State penitentiaries. Fort Madison and Anamosa. CIYIL WAR.— Iowa furnished 76,242 men— 75,797 white troops; 5 tailors and marines; 440 colored troops; total number deaths, 13,001; number pensioners in State, 1891, 28,430. POSTAL — Total number post offices, 1,795; number presidential offices, 156 — 7 first class; 21 second class ; 128 third class ; number fourth class offices, 1.639; mouev order, 628. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators, 50; Representatives, 100; sessions bienpial, in even-numbered years, meets second Monday in January-; limit of session, none; term of Senators, 4 years: Rep resentatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 13; number voters, 520,332. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 6 months, of county 60 days; registration required. Idiots, insane, and criminals, ex- cluded. LEG AL. ^ Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 years; open accounts. 5; notes, 10; redemption of tax sales, 3 years. Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, iQ,,n' Sq. Mis. ^°^ Adair, L-7 576 14,5.34 Adams, M-7 432 12,292 Allamakee, B-17- 615 17,907 Appanoose, 0-13. 500 18,961 Audubon, J-6...- 432 12,412 Benton, 1-15 720 24.178 Blackhawk, G-14 576 ^.219 Boone, 1-9. 576 2:3,772 Bremer, E-14 ... 432 14,6:30 Buchanan. F-16.- 576 18.997 Buena Vista, E-5 576 i:3,.^8 Butler. F-13 576 1.5,463 Calhoun, G-7---- 576 1:3, 1U7 Carroll, 1-6 576 18,828 Cass, L-6 576 19,645 Cedar, J-18 576 ' 18,2.53 CerroGordo,D-ll 576 14,864 Cherokee, F-4... 576 15,6.59 Chickasaw, D-14. 504 15,019 Clarke, M-10 432 11,332 Clay, D5 576 9,309 Claj'ton, E-17.... 745 26.73:3 Clinton, 1-20 680 41,199 Crawford, 1-4.-.. 720 18,894 Dallas, J-9.. 576 20,47<» Davis, 0-14 500 1.5,-J5.S Decatur, O-IO 534 15,643 Delaware, F-17.. 576 17,349 Des Moines, N-18. 400 35,.S24 Dickinson, B-5 . 408 4,328 Dubuqu-, G-9.... 600 49,848 Emmet, B-7 ---. 408 4,274 Fayette, E-16.... 720 2.3,141 Floyd, D-13 504 1.5,424 Land p Counties. Arc^a, icdli' Sq. Mis. 1^^- Franklin, E-11... 576 12,871 Fremont, 0-4 500 16,842 Greene, 1-8 576 15,797 Grundy, G-13.-.. 504 13,215 Guthrie, J-7 570 17,:380 Hamilton, G -10.. 576 1.5,.319 Hancock, D-10.. .576 7,621 Hardin, G-11 576 19,003 Harrison, K3-.. 605 21,:356 Henry, N-17 432 18,895 Howard, B-14.... 480 11,182 Humboldt, E-8--. 4:32 9,8:36 Ida, G-4 4:32 10,705 Iowa, J-15 576 18,2i0 Jackson, H-20... 612 22,771 Jasper, K-12 720 24.913 JefEeison, M-16.. 4:32 15,184 Johnson, K-17--. 575 23,082 Jones, H-18 576 20,23:3 Keokuk, L- 15 ..- 576 2:3,862 Kossuth, C-8 im 13,120 Lee, 0-17 480 37,715 Linn, H-17 720 45.:303 Louisa, M-18 300 11,873 Lucas, N-11 4:32 14,563 Lvon, B-2. 600 8,680 Madison, L-9.... 576 15,977 Mahaska. L-13 . . 576 28,805 Marion. L-12 576 23,058 Marshall. M 2.... 576 25,842 Mills, N-4 448 14,548 MitcheU. B-13-... 480 1.3.299 Monona, 1-3 684 14,515 Monroe, N-12.... 4.32 13,666 Land p Counties. Area, !,Q,i, Sq. Ml^. ^^^ Montgomery, M-5 4:32 15,848 Muscatine. K-18- 4:35 24,504 O'Brien, C-4 .576 1:3,060 Osceola, B-4 408 5.574 Page, N-5 ..- 528 21341 Palo Alto. I)-7 .- 576 9,318 Plj-muuth, E-2... 818 19,.568 Pocahontas, E-7. 576 9,.55:3 Polk, J-10 576 6.5,410 Pottawattamie, L-4 900 47,4:30 Poweshiek. J-14. 576 18 .394 Ringgold, 0-8.--. 515 i:3,.556 Sac, G-5. --.. .576 14,.522 Scott, K-20 440 43,164 Shelby, J-5 576 17,611 Sioux, D-2 768 18,.370 Story, H-11 576 18,127 Tama, H-14. 720 21.651 Taylor, 0-7 510 1 6,-384 Union, N-8 432 16,900 Van Buren, 0-15. 480 16,253 Wapello, N-14..- 432 30,426 Warren, L-IO.... .576 18,209 Washington, L-16 576 18,468 Wayne, O-ll.... 525 1.5,670 Webster, G-8 .. 720 21,582 Winnebago. B-10 408 7.325 i Winneshiek, C-16 696 22,528 Woodbury, G-2.- 800 55.632 Worth, B-11 408 9.247 Wright. E-10 576 12.0.57 Total 55,475 1,911,896 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 99 100 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S MISSOURI. Mis-soo'ree. Indian— Signifies ' ' Muddy/' HISTORIC A.L.— Fort Orleans (near Jeffer- son City), built 1719. First settlement, that made by French, at Ste. Genevieve, early in eighteenth century. St. Louis founded, 1764. Country under Spanish and French authority until 1803, when purchased by United States. Corstituted Louisiana Territory until 1813, when it became the Territory of Missouri. Act enabling Missouri to become a State- known as Missouri Compromise — approved June 26, 1821. State, the eleventh in order of admission. Constitutions adopted 1820, 1865, amended 1869 and 1875. AREA, ETC.— Total number square miles, 69,415; water surface, 680 square miles; land surface, 68,735 square miles; extreme length, north and south, 275 miles; average breadth, 245 miles; varies from 208 miles in the north to 312 in the south. Greatest altitude, Cedar Gap, 1,675 feet. Mississippi River frontage neai'ly 500 miles; Missouri River, crossing the State in an easterly direction, i^rincipal nat- ural feature. CLIMATE. — Temperature at St. Louis: Mean Avinter, 30°, extreme, — 22°; summer, 79°, extreme, 106°. Springfield, winter, 32°, extreme, — 11°; summer, 75°, extreme. 99°. Average annual rainfall, 38.4 inches; Spring- field, 48.5 inches. POPUIiATION.— Missouri ranked twenty- third in population in 1810 and 1820, twenty- first in 1830, sixteenth in 1840, thirteenth in 1850, eighth in 1860, fifth in 1870, 1880, and 1890. Total population, 1810, 20 845; 1820, 66.557; 1830, 140,455; 1840, 383.702; 1850, 682.044; 1860, 1,182 012; 1870, 1.721.295; 1880, 2,168.380; 1890, 2,679,184. Classification: Male, 1.385,238; fe- male, 1,293,946 ; native, 2,444,315 ; foreign, 234,869; white, 2,528,458; colored, 150.726 — Africans, 150,184; Chinese, 409; Japanese, 6; Indians. 127. PRINCIPAL CITIES.- St. Louis, the metropolis, commercial and financial center of State and the Mississippi Vallej^, fifth important city in United States, population. 451,770; Kansas City, second in commercial importance, prominent as a railroad centei", population, 132,716; St. Josepli, an important railroad center in the northwest, population. 52 324; Springfield, most important town of Southwestern Missouri, population, 21.850; Jefferson City, the capital, poi^ulation, 6,742. URBAN POPULATION. — State shows large increase during past decade. In 1880, fourteen cities and towns had a population of, 4.000 or more; aggregate bemg 505,903. In 1890, twenty-nine cities had 4,000 or more in- habitants; aggregate, 811,568. Numerical in- creases greatest m St. Louis, 101,252; Kansas City, 76,931; St. Joseph, 19,893; Springfield, 15,328. Largest percentages of increase— Ne- vada, 279.61 per cent.; Springfield, 235; Webb City, 217.57. AGRICULTURE Staple products, cereals, tobacco, 'and fruit. State is second only to Illinois and Iowa as a producer of corn. Principal crops, 1891: Corn, 203,210,000 bushels; wheat, 25,732,000 bushels ; oats, 27,568,000 bushels. Latest reports give tobacco product, 9,424,823 pounds; hay, potatoes, and sweet po- tatoes are also grown. Missoiu'i occupies an important place among fruit- producing States ; apples, peaches, and grapes are grown in all parts of the State. Missouri has 10,000 acres under bearing vines, yield per acre, 6 000 pounds. In 1889, 45,000,000 pounds of grapes sold for table use, and 1,250 000 gallons of wine made. State ranks fourth in the industry. LIVE STOCK.— Stock breeding and graz- ing the leading interest on farms. State sec- ond only to Iowa and Illinois in number of swine— 4,632,264. In 1891, led in number and value of mules— 248,850, $15,911,437; value of cattle and milch cows, $47,042,051 ; horses, $54,892,332. MINERALS.— Missouri is rich in mineral wealth. Coal, iron, lead, and zinc are mined. Coal is produced in thirty -five counties, area, 26.900 square miles; output, 1889, 2,557,823 tons; iron and lead deposits, chiefly south of Mis- souri River, yield of eight iron mines in 1889, 265.718 long tons. Missouri ranks second only to Colorado in value and production of lead, yield, 1889, 44,482 tons. State leads in produc- tion of zinc ore, produced 93 131 tons, valued at $3,595,218. Copper and petroleum exist. Q IF A RR IBS. —Granite, sandstone, and limestone are quarried. In the Ozark region, valuable deposits of onyx have been discov- ered; the industry is now being developed. State has 10 granite quarries; output. 1889, 1,264,317 cubic feet, value, $500,642. Ranks twelfth in production of sandstone; 17 quar- ries, output, 734,370 cubic feet, value, $155,5.57; limestone industry large and important. State occupies fourth place as a producer, value of total product, $1,859,969; lime, $465,- 390. MANUFACTURES.— Among the most ex- tensive in the country. Prominent among manufactures are those of iron, agricultural implements, flour, beer, and meat-packing. St. Louis is the center of the manufacturing industries. In 1890. the city reported 6,148 es- tablishments; employes, 93,610; capital in- vested, $140,775,392; cost of materials used, $122,010,805; value of products, $228,714 317. RAILWAYS.— First railroad operated in State, 1849— Independence & Missouri, In- dependence to Missouri River, 4 miles. Num- ber of miles in 1855, 139; 1860, 817; 1865, 9;,'5; 1870, 2,000; 1875, 2,905; 1880, 3,965; 1885, 4,987; 1890, 6,142; January 1, 1892, 6,188. State has one mile of railway to each 11.2 square miles. EDUCATION.— Public school system adopted, 1839; school age, 6-20; annual ex- penditures, over $5,000,000. Number pupils in public schools, 1889, 620,324; niunber of school age, 850,000. Pupils in private schools, 58,637. Normal schools at Kirksville, Warrensburg, and Cape Girardeau. State University at Columbia, organized 1840. CIVIL WAR. — State furnished 109,111 men: 100,616 white troops, 151 sailors and NEW POCKET ATLAS. 101 I marines, and 8,344 colored troops; total num- ber deaths, 13.885. Number pensioners in tState,'1891, 33.1:35. LEGAL, HOLIDAYS.— January- 1. Febru- ary -22. July 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, and any general or State election. j POLITICAL. — State elections, biennial. I State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators, 34: Representatives, 136; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered j-ears, meets Wednesday after first Monday in Janu- ary; limit of session, 70 days; term of Senatore. 4 years; Representatives, 2 j'eai-s. Number of electoral votes, 17; number voters, 705 718. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, residents of State, 1 year, of county and town, OOdaj-s; registration required in cities only. United States soldiers, inmates of ssylmus, poorhouses, and prisons excluded. L E G A L.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 20 years: open accounts, 5; notes, 10; redemption of tax sales, none. Legal interest rate, 6; by contract, 8. COUNTIES. Land Coimties. Area, Sq. Mis Adair, B-10 570 Andrew, C-3 420 Atchison. A-2 560 Audrain, F-12 ... 680 Barry, Q-6 810 Barton, M-5 612 Bates, J-5 874 Benton, J-8 744 Bollinger, N-17 .. 616 Boone, G-11. 680 Buchanan. D-3 . . 420 Butler, Q-17 716 Caldwell, D-6.... 4:30 Callaway, H-12.. 760 Camden, K-10 ... 692 Cape Girardeau, N-19.. 540 Carroll, E-7 690 Carter. P-15 500 Cass. 1-5... 688 Cedar, L-6 496 Chariton, E-9.... 740 Christian, 0-8... 556 City of St. Louis, H-17 48 Clark, A-13 510 Clay, F-4 415 Clinton. D-4 440 Cole, I-ll 390 Cooper, H-9 .^62 Crawford, K-14.. 710 Dade, N -6 .500 Dallas, M-9 5:30 Daviess, C-6 576 Dekalb, C-5 440 Dent, M-13 720 Douglas, P-10.-.. 792 Dunklin, C-IS... 500 Franklin. 1-15.... 866 Gasconade. J-13 . 510 Gentry. B-4..- . 4.50 Pop. 1890. 17,417 16,000 15,533 22,074 22,943 18,504 32,22:h 14 973 13,121 26,04:3 70.100 10.164 15.152 25,131 10,040 22 060 25,742 4.659 23,301 15,620 26,254 14,017 451,770 15.126 19,850 17,138 17.281 22,707 11,961 17,526 12,647 20.456 14.539 12,149 14,111 15,085 28,056 11,706 19 018 Land p/-,»^ Counties. Area, TqJ;" Sq.Mls. ^^^■ Greene, N-8 688 48,616 Grundy, B-7 460 17,878 Harrison, A-6-... 7:30 2103:3 Henry, J-6- 740 28 2:35 Hickory. K-8..-- 415 9,453 Holt, B-2 462 15,469 Howard, G-IO.... 450 17,:371 Howen,P-12 920 18,618 Iron, M-16 550 9,119 Jackson, G-5 .-.- 630 160.510 Jasper, N-5 672 50,500 Jefferson, J-16 - 640 22,484 Johnson, H-6.... 800 28.13i Knox, C-11 .510 13,501 Laclede. M-10 ... 740 14,701 Lafayette, G-6 .. 622 30,1^ Lawrence, 0-6..- 606 26,228 Lewis. C-13 510 15,935 Lincoln, G-15 598 18*46 Linn, C-8 620 24,121 Livingston, C-7.. 520 20,068 McDonald. Q-5 .. 580 11,28:3 Macon, C-10 820 30,575 Madison, N-17 .. 492 9,268 Maries, K-12 515 8,600 Marion, D-13 420 26,233 Mercer. A-7 484 14.5S1 Miller, K-11 590 14,162 Mississippi. Q-20. 430 10,1:34 Moniteau. I 10... 420 15.630 Monroe, E-12.... 644 20,790 Montgomery, H-13 540 16.8.50 Morgan, 1-9 638 12,.311 New Madrid, A-19 620 9.317 Newton. P-5 648 22,108 Nodaway. B-3 . . . 8)8 :30,914 Oregon, Q-14..-. 780 10.467 Osage, 1-12 586 13.080 Ozark. Q-11 780 9,795 Pemiscot. C-19.-. 480 5 975 L'lncl Pod Counties. Area. t^^^^ Sq.Mls. ^^^• Perry, 31-18 4:36 1:3,237 Pettis, H-8 668 :]1 151 Phelps. L-12 640 12 636 Pike, F-14 ..620 x.'6,321 Platte, E-3 410 16 248 Polk, M-8 640 20.339 Pulaski, L-11.... 520 9,:387 Putnam, A-8 542 15365 Ralls. E 13 ..490 12 294 Randolph, E-IO.. 470 24.893 Ray. F-6 584 24,215 Reynolds, N- 15.. SSO 6.803 Ripley. Q-15 640 8,512 Saint Charles, H-16 520 22,977 Saint Clah, K 6.. 690 16,747 Saint Francois, L-16 450 17,347 Sainte Genevieve, L-17 410 9,883 Saint Louis, 1-16. 492 ;36,307 Saline, F-8 760 3:3,762 Schuyler, A-10... 336 11,249 Scotland, A-11.. 440 12,674 Scott, O 19 434 11.228 Shannon. 0-13... 960 8,898 Shelby, D-12 .514 1.5,642 Stoddard, P-18 .. 840 17.:327 Stone, Q- 7 516 7,090 Sullivan. B-8 .... 656 19 000 Taney, Q-9 660 7.973 Texas, N-12 1,145 19,406 Vernon. L-5 850 :31,505 Warren, H-14---- 435 9,913 Washington, K-15 780 13,153 Wayne, 0-16 800 11927 Webster, 0-9 630 1.5,177 Worth, A-4 270 8 7:38 Wright N-10 . .. 700 14.484 Total 63,735 2,679 184 ARKANSAS. Ar'kan-saw'. '♦Bear State." Arc, a bow— prefixed to Kansas. HISTORICAL — Country formed part of the Territory of Louisiana . Oldest settlement, Arkan,sas Post, foimded by French 1685. Ar- kansas Territory estabUshed March 2, 1819; Arkansas was admitted into the Union June 15. 183G. the twelfth State to enter. Seceded March 4, 1861 : re-admitted, 1868. AREA, ETC 53,850 square miles; land surface, 5:3,045: water, 805; length, north and south. 240 miles; breadth, 170 to 250 miles; greatest altitude, 2,800 feet: Mississippi River frontage 300 to 400 miles. State has 3,441 miles of navigable water-ways. CLI5IATE Temperature at Fort Smith: Mean winter, 34°, extreme, —7° ; summer, 80°, extreme, 104° ; Little Rock, winter, 40°, extreme. 102 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S —5°; summer, 81°, extreme, 102°; average an- nual rainfall, Fort Smith, 42.4 inches; Little Rock. 53.5 inches. POPULiATION.— Arkansas ranked twenty- sixth in population in 1820, twenty-eighth in 1830, twenty-fifth in 1840, twenty -sixth in 1850, twenty-fifth in 1860, twenty-sixth in 1870, twenty-fifth in 1880, and twenty-fourth in 1890. Total population, 1820, 14,255: 1830, 30,388; 1&40, 97,574; 1850, 209,897; 1860, 435,450; 1870, ^84,471; 1880, 802,525; 1890, 1,128,179. Classification: Male, 585,755; female, 542,424; native. 1.113,915; foreign, 14,264; white, 815,752; colored, 309,427— Africans, 319,117; Chinese, 92; Indians, 218. PRINCIPAL. CITIES.— Little Rock, the capital and metropohs, founded 1819, popula- tion, 25,874, increase during past decade, 12,736 ; Fort Smith, second in commercial importance and size, population, 11,311, increase during decade 8,212, or 264.99 per cent; population Pine Bluff, 9,952, increase 6,749; Hot Springs, 60 miles southwest of Little Rock, famous for its medicinal springs. AGRICULTURAL, ETC. -Chief interests of the State are agricultural. Productions and value for 1891: Corn, 42,455,000 bushels, $19,.529,111; wheat. 2,236,000. S2.012 602; oats, '4,945,000, $2,076,976; cotton, a30,000 bales, $:30,- 755,000. State ranks fifth among cotton-pro- ducing States. Latest reports give tobacc > yield, 954,640 pounds. Number and value of farm animals 1891, 3,317,473, |;35,045,830. MINERAL RESOURCES — The mineral wealth of the State is extensive and varied. Coal, lead, and zinc are worked. Coal area of State 9,100 square miles; output increased from 5,000 tons in 1882 to 399,888 tons in 1890. Lime- stone, sandstone, granite, slate, and marble are quarried. MANUFACTURES. — Among Southern cou states, Arkansas leads in kmiber industries. State has 670 establishments engaged in wood- Avorking industries. Value of lumber, etc., 1890, $17,768,000. State has 12 cotton-seed oil mills; capital invested, $1,700,000; annual pro- ducts, 3,200,000 gallons of oil, 30,000 tons of oil cake and meal. Arkansas has two cotton and seven woolen mills. RAIL^V AYS.— Number of miles of road in operation in State in 1860, 38; 1870, 256; 1875, 740; 1880, 859; 1885, 1,792; 1890,2,213; 1891, 2,288. State has one mile of railway to each 23.97 square miles. EDUCATION. — School system founded 1868; school age, 6-21. Number of pupils en- roUed in public schools, 223,071; in pi'ivate schools, 12,188. Arkansas Industrial Univer- sity, Fayetteville, organized 1871 ; number col- LEGAL HOLIDAYS.- January 1, July 4, December 25. Thanksgiving, and any day ap- pointed for Fast. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial, first Monday in September ; congressional and presidential elections. Tuesday after first Mon- day in November; number of Senators, 32; Representatives, 90; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meets first Monday in September, limit 60 days. Number electoral votes, 8; number voters, 257,868. Voters must be actual citizens or declared intention, resi- dents of State 1 j^ear. county, 6 months, of pre- cinct, 1 month; registration prohibited by con- stitution. Idiots and convicts, unless par- doned, excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 years; open accounts, 3; notes, 5; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 6; contract, 10. NTIES. Land p Counties. Area, ^enn Sq. Mis. ^^•'"• Arkansas, K-13-1,062 11,432 Ashley, P-ll.... 927 13 295 Baxter, B-10.... 545 8,527 Benton, B-3 891 27,716 Boone, B-7 672 15,816 Bradley, N-10... 755 7,972 Calhoun, N-9.... 575 7,267 Carroll, B-6 659 17,288 Chicot, 0-13 760 11,419 Clark, L-7 905 20,997 Clay, A-16 568 12,200 Cleburne, E-11.. 558 7,884 Cleveland, L-IO. 693 11,362 Columbia, 0-7.- 825 19,893 Conway, G-8.-.- 493 19,459 Craighead, D-15- 668 12,025 Crawford, E-3 582 21,714 Crittenden, G-16 614 13,940 Cross, F-15 672 7,693 Dallas, L-9 676 9,296 Desha, M-13 733 10,324 Drew, N-12 802 17,352 Faulkner, G-10.. 623 18,342 Frankhn, r-5..- 672 19,934 Fulton, B-11-..- 649 10,984 Garland, J-7.... 622 15,328 Land p Counties. Area, ^oiin Sq. Mis. ^^•^"• Grant, K-9 617 7,786 Greene, C-15-... .591 12 908 Hempstead, M-6 742 22,796 Hot Spring, K-8. 026 11,603 Howard, L-4..-. 629 13,789 Independence, D-12 730 21,961 Izard, C-11 547 13,038 Jackson, E-13--- 619 15,179 Jefferson. J-ll.. 840 40,881 Johnson, E-6.-.. 612 16.758 Lafayette. 0-6-- 497 7,700 Lawrence C-14. 574 12.984 Lee. H-15 606 18,886 Lincoln. L 12...- 536 10,255 Little River, M-4 547 8,903 Logan. G-5 642 20. 774 Lonoke, I-ll.... ^769 19,263 Madison, C-5.... 892 17.402 Marion, B-8 631 10,390 Miller, 0-5 - 648 14,714 Mississippi, D-17 803 11.635 Monroe, 1-14.... 696 1.5,336 Montgomery, J-6 834 7,923 Nevada, M-7--.. 616 14,832 Newton, D-7.... 838 9,950 Land p Counties. Area, iulL' Sq. Mis. ^^•^"• Ouachita, M-8.. 732 17,033 Perrv. H-7 560 5,5:^8 Phillips, J -15.... 650 2.5,341 I 'ike, K5 620 8,537 Poinsett, E-15... 720 4,272 Polk, J-4 935 9,283 Pope. F-7- 795 19,458 Prairie, H-12...- 658 11,374 Pulaski. I-IO.... mi 47,329 Randolph, B-14. 622 14,485 St. Francis, G-15 612 13,543 Sahne, 1-9 622 11,311 Scott, H-4 930 12, 635 Searcy, D-8 768 9,664 Sebastian, G-3-- 600 33,200 Sevier, L-3 547 10,072 Sharp, C-12 570 10,418 Stone, D-10 619 7,043 Union, P-9- 1,138 14,977 Van Buren, E-9. 998 8,567 Washington, C-3 927 32,024 WTiite. F-11 1,137 22,946 Woodruff, G-13. 577' 14,009 Yell, H-6 - 936 18,015 Total ....53,045 1,128,179 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 103 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 105 106 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S TEXAS. Indian "Tachies'''— HISTOKICAI..- Country visited by Span- iards, 1583 to 1794. F rst white settlement made by French at Lavaca, 1685. Country formed part of the Spanish i^rovince of Mexi- co. From 18;37' to 1845 Texas was an indepen- dent republic. In 1845 it was admitted as a State, beinjc the fifteentli in order of admis- sion. Seceded, February, 1861; re-admitted, 1868. AKKA, ETC The larg^est of the States. Number square miles, 265,780— laud surface, :262 ;i90; water, 3,490. Extreme breadth, 825 miles; length, 740; coastline, 400. CLIMATK.— Temperature at Brownsville: Mean winter, 57°. extreme, 18°; summer, 84°, extreme, 102°; El Paso, winter, 44°, extreme, —5°; summer, 82°, extreme, 113°; Palestine, winter, 43°, extreme, 0°; summer, 82°. extreme, 102°. Average annual rainfall: Brownsville, 36.9 inches; El Paso, 10 inches; Palestine, 45.4 inches. POPULATION. —Texas ranked twenty- fifth in 1850, twenty-third in 1860, nineteenth in ISrO, eleventh in 1880, and seventh in 1890. Total population 1850, 212,592; 1860, 604,215; 1870, 818,579; 1880. 1,591,749; 1890, 2,235,523. Classification: Male, 1,172,553; female, 1,062.- 970; native, 2,082.567; foreign. 152,956; white, 1.745,9:35; colored, 489,.588— Africans, 488,171; Chinese, 710; Japanese, 3; Indians, 704. PRINCIPAL, CITIES Dallas, the most important poiit in Northern Texas, and largest in State, population, 38,067; San Antonio, an important I'allroad tov.'n, occupies site of Fort Alamo, population, 37,67'3; Galveston, the piincipal seaport, population, 29,084; popu- lation of Houston, 27,557; Fort Worth, 23,076; Austin, the cai^ital, population, 14,575. AGKICULTUKAL. — Cotton, corn, and wheat are the staple crops. Texas leads in production of cotton. In 1891 cotton crop was 2,111,000 bales, value, $81,311,800; corn 70,635,000 bushels; wheat, 6,435,000 bushels; oats, 15,075,000 bushels. Sugar plantations chiefly on Brazos River. Peaches and grapes COUN Tex'as. "Lone Star State." signifies " friends." are grown throughout the State, and apples in the North. State leads in the cattle industry. Southwestern Texas contained extensive ranches ijrevious to 1775. Total number farm animals 1891. 16,694 875, value, $140,043,649. MINERALS — Output of coal mines 1889, 128,216 tons, value, $:^0.620. Total production iron ores, 22,000 tons. Petroleum is produced near San Antonio. Granite, limestone, and sandstone are quarried. RAILWAYS — Number of miles in 1854, 32; 1860, 307; 1865, 465; 1870, 711; 1875, 1,685; 1880, 3,244; 188.5, 6,370; 1890, 8,709; 1891, 8,854. One mile of railway to each 30 square }niles. EDUCATION — Permanent school fund, $19,600,000. School age, 8-16. Number pupils enrolled in public schools. 410,909. Normal school at Huntsville; Pi-airie View Normal school, for colored teachers, near Hempstead. 26,883 pupils in private schools. State has 12 colleges. University of Texas, Austin, orga- nized 1883. LEGAL HOLIDAYS — January 1, Febru- ary 22, March 2, April 21, July 4; all days appointed by Governor or President for fast- ing or thanksgiving; December 25; and State POLITICAL. — state elections biennial; State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in January; number of Senators, 31; Representatives. 128; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meets Tuesday after first Monday in January ; limit of session, 90 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 12; number voters, 5:35,942. Voters must be citizens, or declared intention, residents of State, 1 year, of county and pre- cinct, 6 months; registration jirohibited. Lunatics, idiots, paupers, convicts, and U. S. soldiers and s 'amen, in service, excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 10 years; open accounts, 2; notes, 4; redemption of taxes, 2 years. Legal interest, 8; by contract, 12. TIES. Land p Counties. Area, to^' Sq.Mls. ^^^• Anderson, J-12 .1,000 20,923 Andrews, H-1--. 1.500 24 Angelina, J-13..- 880 0,:306 Aransas, P-9 400 1 , 824 Archer, F-7 900 2,101 Armstrong, C-3-- 900 944 Atascosa. 0-7... 1,200 6,459 Austin, M-10 700 17,859 Bailey, El 900 Bandera, M-O...- 970 3,795 Bastrop, M-9 900 20,736 Baylor, F-6 900 2,595 Bee, P-8 980 ;3,720 Bell, K-9. 1,0(»0 ;33,:377 Bexar, N-7 1,180 49,266 Blanco, L-7 710 4,649 Borden, H-3 940 222 Land p Counties. Area, TJon' Sq.Mls. ^^*'°- Bosque, 1-9 980 14,224 Bowie, F-13 920 20,267 Brazoria, N-12..- 1,440 11, .506 Brazos, K-10 510 16,650 Brewster, U-4. . .2,640 710 Briscoe, D-3 900 Brown, J-7 900 11,421 Buchel, T-5 1,440 :307 Burleson, L-IO... 640 13,001 Burnet, K-8 1,000 10,747 Caldwell, M-8 ..- 500 15,769 Calhoun, P-10.... .500 815 Callahan. 1-6 900 5,4.57 Cameron, S-9... 1,960 14,424 Camp, G-12. 200 6,624 Carson, B3 900 356 Cass,G-13... 950 22,554 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Castro, D-2 840 Chambers, M-13. 840 Cherokee, 1-12.-1,000 Childress, D-5.... 7.50 Clay, F-8 1,100 Cochran, F-1 840 Coke, 1-5 900 Coleman, 1-6.... 1,290 CoUin, G-10 880 CoUingswort', C-5 900 Colorado, M-10.-- 900 Comal, M-7 .580 Comanche, 1-7..- 960 Concho, J-5 1,010 Cooke. F-9.--- 920 Coryell, J-8 1,000 Pop. 1890. 9 2,241 22,975 1,175 7,503 "2"059 6,112 36,736 357 19,.512 6,398 15 608 1,065 24,696 16,87'3 NEW POCKET ATLAS. 107 COUNTIES-Continued. Laud p Counties. Area, -.q,^: Sq. Mis. ^^•'"• Cottle, E-5 1,080 240 Craue,J;2 -1,000 15 Crockett, K 8 .... 3, .51 1 W Cro.sby, F-:i iXX) 340 iJallaui, A-1 1.100 112 Dalla.s, H-10 000 - 07,042 Daw.son, H-2 900 29 Deaf Suiith, C-1.1.:M) 179 DelU, F-1 2 200 9, 1 1 7 Dentou, G-9 900 21.289 Dewitt, 0-9- 880 14,307 Dickens, F-4 840 29.5 Dimmit. P-.5-... 1,100 1,049 Donlejs C-4 900 1,050 Duval, Q-7 1.7'50 7,.598 Eastland, H-7.--- 94 Ma.son, K-6 960 .5.180 Matajrorda.0-1 1.1,1.50 3.985 Maverick, 0-5.. 1.320 3 65MS Medina, N-5 1,270 .5,7:30 Menard, K-5 880 1,215 Midland, 1-2 900 1 ,03:3 Milan, K-10 1,000 24 773 Mills, J-7 -..- 040 5,493 Mitchell, H-4 ..-.900 2,0.59 Montague. F-8 .. 890 18,863 Moutgomerj', L-12 1,100 11,765 Moore, A-2 900 15 Jlorris, G-13 260 6,.580 Motley, E-4 1,080 139 Nacogdoches. J-1 3 960 1.5,9^4 Navarro, I-IO.... 1,020 26,373 Newton, K-1 4 970 4,650 Nolan, H-5 900 1,.573 Nueces. R-8 2.430 8.093 Ochiltree, A-4... 900 198 Oldham. B-1 ...1,460 270 Orange, L-14 390 4 770 Palo Pinto, H-8.. 960 8,320 Panola, H-13 800 14,;328 Parker. H-8 900 21,082 Parmer. D-1 850 7 Pecos. L-2 -.0,700 1,326 Polk, K-13 1,200 10,;«2 Land p Counties. Area. f2R' Sq.Mls. ^^^'^• Potter. B-2 900 849 Presidio, 17-3... 3,470 1,698 Rains. G-11 270 3,909 Randall, C-2 900 187 Red River, F-12. .1.000 21,4.52 Reeves. R-4 2,390 1 ,247 Refugio, P-9 760 1,239 Roberts, B-4 900 326 Robertson, K-10.- 850 26,.506 Rockwall. G-IO... 1.50 .5.972 Runnel s, 1-5 .910 3. 1 93 Rusk, 1-13 - 9:i0 18 5.59 Sabine, J-14 580 4,969 San Augustine, J-14--.- -_. 560 0,688 San Jacinto.K-12. 640 7,360 San Patricio, P-9. cm 1,312 San Saba. K-7... 1.1 80 6,641 Schleicher, K-4. . 1 ,.500 155 Scurry, H-4 900 1,415 Shackelford. H-6. 900 2.012 Shelby, 1-14 800 14,365 Sherman. A-2--.. 900 34 Smith, H 12 930 28,:i24 Somervell, H-8... 200 3,419 Starr, S-7-.- 2.570 10,749 Stephen.s, H-7---- 900 4,920 Sterling. 1-4 Stonewall, G-5..- 900 1,024 Sutton, L-4 1.620 6.58 Swisher, D3 900 100 Tarrant, H9 900 41,142 Taylor, H-5 900 6,9.57 Terry, G-2 900 21 Throckmorton, ({-6 900 902 Titus, G-13 ■- 400 8,190 Tom Green, J-4.. 2,940 5.152 Travis, L-8 1,040 36,:322 Trinitv. K-12 710 7,648 Tyler,^K-13 9:i0 10.877 Upshur, G-13.--- 520 12,695 Upton, J-2 1,140 52 Uvalde, N-5 1,420 3,804 Val Verde, 31-4.. 2,880 2,874 Van Zandt, H-11.. 840 16,225 Victoria. O-lO.... 850 8.737 Walker, K-12 740 12,874 Waller, 31-11 .500 10,888 Ward, K-1 1,160 77 Washington, L-10 600 29,161 Webb, Q-6 1 ,680 1 4,t^2 Wharton, N-11.. 1,100 7..584 Wheelc r. B-5 900 778 Wichita, E-7 600 4,8:31 Wilbarger, E-6... 940 7,092 Williamson, K-9. 1,070 25,909 Wilson, N-8 940 10,6.55 Winkler. I-l 800 18 Wise, G-9 900 24.l:i4 Wood, G-12 700 1:3,9:32 Yoakum, G-1.... &40 4 Young, G-7 900 5,049 Zapata, S-G 1,:370 • 3,562 Zavalla. 0-5 1.200 1,097 Total 262,290 2,2:3.5,523 108 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 109 OKLAHOMA. Indian— signifies, HISTORICAL., ETC — Territory organ- ized by act of Congress, approved, May 2. 1890. It embraces portions of Indian Territorj', the Public Land iStrip. and the Cherokee Outlet. Assessed value of taxable property, in 1892, $11,485,162; actual value about $17,000,000; State has 5 national banks, average capital, $50,000; 4 incorporated, average capital, $40.- 000; and 14 private banks, capital not less than $15,000. Number miles of railway in Territorj-, January, 1892, 390. So rapid "has been the growth in population, material prosperity. etc., the Ten-itory is now seeking admission to the Union as a State. AREA, ETC.— Total area, .39,030 square miles : land, 38,830 : water, 2iM). Territor}- drain- ed by the tributaries of the Arkansas River, and those of the Red, which forms the south- ern boundarj'. Greatest altitude, 2,.5.36 feet. There are 18,069 square miles of lands l)elong- ing to the Territory not jet opened for set- tlement. CL.I>I ATE.— Temperature at Fort Sill: Mean winter. .35°, extreme — 9°; smnmer. H2°, extreme, 107°: average annual rainfall, Fort Sill, 31.2 inches. POPULATION. — In 1890, Oklahoma ranked fortj'-sixth in population, having a total of 61,8;34 inhabitants. Cla.ssifica- tion: Male, ;W.733; female, 27.101; native, 59,094; foreign, 2,740: white, 58.820; colored. 3,008; African, 2.973: Chinese, 25: civilized Indians, 10. Population of the Territory, 1892. ia3.100. PRINCIPAL, CITIES. — Oklahoma, the largest town, had 4,151 inhabitants in 1S90. Guthrie, the capital, population, 2.788; 'Beautiful Land." population East Guthrie, 2,141; Kingfisher, l.i:i4. AGRICULTLTIE.— The latest reports give acreage of farms as 1,000,453; value. Avlth im- provements, $4.9:38,630. Soil and climate are favorable to the production of cereals, cotton, flax, sorghum, broom-corn, and Irish and sweet potatoes. Among indigenous fruits are plums, grapes, and strawberries. Live stock returns gave 52.896 horses and mules, 145,077 cattle, 1.5,5.59 sheep, and .30. 168 swine. EDUCATION — First report issued gave 111 organized school to^-nships, 400 districts; school population, 21. .3.37: number pupils en- rolled in schools. 9. 893 : school age 6-21 ; present school population, 31,920. Territorial Univer- sity established at Norman, Cleveland County; Normal school at Edmund. Oklahoma County; Agricultural and Mechanical College. Still- water. Pavne County. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, Fel> ruary 22, May ;30, July 4, Thanksgiving, De- cember 2.5, and all elections. POLITICAL — Territorial elections bien- nial, Tuesday after first Monday in November; number Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; teTnof Senators and Representatives, 2 years. Sessions, biennial in odd-numbered years, meets Tuesday after first Monday in Jan- uary; limit of session, 60 days. Number voters, 19.161. Votei-s must be actual citizens, residents of Territory 6 months, of county 60 days, and precinct .30 davs. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 20 years: open accounts. 6: notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal inter- est rate, 7; by contract, 12. INDIAN TERRITORY. HISTORICAL^ — Portion of Loui-siana purcha.se of 1803. Lands first set aside for u.se of Indians by act of Congress, June W, l*i4; has no Territorial organization. Chero- kees, Choctaws, Creeks, and Chicka.saws re- moved hither, 183;J-.38; Seminoles, 1846; rem- nants and parts of other tribes have been settled here from time to time First settle- ment in what is now Indian Territory made by Creek Indians, 1827, between Arkansas and Canadian rivei-s. AREA, ETC.— Total number square miles. 31, 40!J— 31,000 land. 400 water. Principal rivers, Arkansas and Red. Greatest altitude, 2,500 feet. Coal-fields in the Territory important: area, 20,000 square miles; producing fields all in Choctaw Reservation; output of mines, 1889, 7.52,8:32 tons, value, $1.-32:3.807; 1890, 869,- 229 tons, value. $1,579,188. Mineral region well supplied with railroads; total number of miles in Territory. 886. CLIMATE.— Temi3erature at Fort Gibson: winter, 35° to 48°; summer, 77° to 82°; rain- fall, .36 inches. POPULATFON -Total population of the Five Civilized Tribe<, 1890. 66,289: Indians, 52,- 065; colored Indian citizens, and claimants, 14,224. There are from 2,000 to :3,000 colored Ijei-sons dwelling within the limits of the Five Nations, who are not members of the tribes, and 8.708 Indians on outside agencies and reser- vations. Indian citizen.ship m the Five Nations regulated by tribal laws. Whites can hold land in the Territory only by marrying into one of the tribas. PRINCIPAL TOWNS. -Capital of Creek Nation, Okmulgee; chief town, Muscogee, principal commercial town in Territory, seat of Union Indian Agency and United States Court for Indian TerritoVj-; capital of Chero- kee Nation, Tahlequah; of Choctaw Nation Atoka ; Chicka.saw, Tishomingo ; Seminole, We-wo-ka. AGRICULTURE — Large portions of Ter- ritory are fertile, well watered, and timbered. Latest report.s, incomplete, give products of the Five Nations as follows: Indian corn, :3, 724. 093 bushels; wheat, 148.980 bushels; oats, 204, 6&4 bushels; cotton, 22,4.30 bales; Irish potatoes, 54,600 bushels; sweet potatoes, 47,- 900 bushels; cattle, 585,767; horses, 72. .355; sheep. ,36.673: swine. 309 860. Apples, peaches, and email fruits are successfully cultivated. Estimated area under cultivation, .320,000 acres. no RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S i """XOHCITUDE WeSTTB(Jh GREENWICH.""" HAYES Stockvill F R O N E R Phelps Culberi8ouV)eea(tjr N Q R TJ ' Norcaiat % 93 '» P^ KEARNEV FRlNKON BloonUnston — -■3— — — .^- >--;« l> <*?>'* •= " "TWEBSTER rTA^C^. I —^ Baaett o/-ti<^^- River Jt%— ^~ — JV^i ^- <«.> .< feAael^J"' c,^.*^ _ Apckporl o ^SHERMAN ";si£>— 'iiaaei •Birr s^" T>tankati - J E. .oTi^'gy,- ''o>* r"o O K S lalnvlUe JVi Dona . JIaciherry o oJSarah :nn88ca UoveCltye T,,-,„„, .Banner o V e >^. -* ^cfV "Ulysses Santa Te , ^MoE ezuma< pHASKELL TTusoton STEVENS ,^^r^ — . ,„,.. -. „ . . ^ ,., -;^=^^°'^yjii/aA«-|^''«iogf,"^^" juiflsra|i o k'J V, ^ " "-l?-^!/ HBOokdale ^a^.^-O'.J Aupw r 71 -MaKteno g'sSt^o/iari : SBuUon ^ -y . y1 o I^^Sl ^H t op. l^vaana £evc ■'^SiwTHiUFe Pearlette o Mea9e ^,^% * .j/ Fellsburgh, JTJta ^^wWr%:B, -tr,7,.,C.^,,.^ P R A^ T-o -Ajcmtstea FOR Q"odX:ea Creek [ppletOD rowler Xescali/nga COMANCHE ■ I J I III BAR BTPatl^ JHazelft^on NewXlowa D Scale of Statute Miles. 6 10 20 30 Longitude West FROXy^oWAsniwcTOf. 6 8 10 NEW POCKET ATLAS. Ill BSTER J Clay Ct A T Bell „f _ Geneva filSviore ^"'»"' rw_ I 2JUC-^(XLLb Prairie S AH N E :^ o O 'st°E' NEMAHA*' JOIN.NSON ATCUISi<)N 0RocAcuori 0- ^- , JS/,VA^^E^iR'C"^«jV|*^^'' MITCHELL '-C:;^-' n Turon ;\k viV'^y tlc> o-JVw'"" e*". V. *| Bryant ° ♦/lAfham, ^o 1^ Now A. — L7^»-Vk v>i'— "-f ROIKEEjI imjjiAeCltj ^^ I » T/ EV iLpR I T 'O K Y 1 1 V2, 13 14 15 lfc$ 17 IB 19 20 112 RAND, McNALLY & CO 'S KANSAS. Indian— Signifies, ' HISTORICAL.— Country visited by Span- iards, 1541, and by French, 1719. Part of it in- cluded in Louisiana piu'chase of 1803. South- western Kansas, Mexican territory until 1848. First trading-post established, 1800. From 1821 to 1834 constituted portion of Indian Country. Kansas Territory organized, 1854. State ad- mitted into the Union, January, 1861; the twenty-first State admitted. AREA, ETC. —Total area, 82,080 square miles; water surface, 380 square miles; land, 81,700 square miles; average length, 400 miles; breadth, 200 miles. Geographical center of United States, exclusive of Alaska. Missouri River frontage, 150 miles. Greatest altitude, 3,906 feet. Largest rivers, Solomon, Neosho, Saline, Arkansas, Republican, and Kansas. Kansas River drains more than half the State. CLIMATE — Temperature at Dodge City: Mean winter, 25°, extreme, —20° ; summer, 78°, extreme, 108°; Concordia, winter. 19°. ex- treme,— 25°; summer, 77°, extreme, 103°; Leav- enworth, winter, 24°, extreme, — 29°; summer, 78°, extreme, 107°. Average annual rainfall: Dodge City, 20.8 inches; Concordia, 27.8 inches; Leavenworth, 38.7 inches. POP DLATION. — Kansas ranked thirty- third in population in 1860, twenty-ninth in 1870, twentieth in 1880, and nineteenth in 1890. Total population, 1860, 107,206; 1870, 364,399; 1880, 996,096; 1890, 1,427,096. Classification: Male, 7.52,112: female, 674,984; native, 1,279,258; foreign, 147,838; white, 1,376,553; colored, 50,- 543— Africans, 49,710; Chinese, 93; Japanese, 4; Indians, 736. PRINCIPAL CITIES Kansas City, the most populous city in the State, prominent as a railroad and industrial center, has extensive meat-packing establishments, iron-foundries, and grain elevators, population, 38,316; To- peka, the capital, the second city in size, incor- porated 18.57, became the capital 1861, popula- tion, 31,007; Wichita, the leading city of South- ern Kansas, population, 23,853; Leavenworth, a leading commercial center, population, 19,- 768; Atchison, Foi't Scott, and Lawrence rank next in importance. URBAN POPULATION.— In 1880 but ten cities had a population of 4,000 or more, with an aggregate population of 84,907. By 1890 the number had incieased to nineteen, with an aggregate population of 223,674. Greatest in- crease in Kansas City, founded 1887 by con- solidation of Armourdale, Wyandotte, and other towns, which had a combined popula- tion, 1880, of 3,200; increase during decade. 3.5,116, or 1,097.38 per cent. Other cities: To- peka, numerical increase, 15,555, 100.67 per cent.: Wichita, 18,942, 385.71 percent.; Arkan- sas Citv, 7,3.55, 724.80 percent.; Hutchinson, 7, 142, 463.77 per cent. AGRICULTURE State ranks high in production and quality of all agricultural prod- ucts. Corn is the staple crop. Yield of prin- cipal cereals, 1891: Corn, 141.893.000 bushels, value, $48.243 551; wheat. 54,866.000 bushels, value, $40,052,384; oats, 37,132,000 bushels. Kan'zas; "Sunflower State." 'Smoky Water." Rye and barley are increasing in importance. Latest returns g:ive area under i-ye, 93,707 acres; yield, 1,445,283 bushels; barley, 518,729 acres; yield, 13,406,122 bushels. Kansas is one of the greatest of the flax-growing states ; area in 1889, 114,069 acres; yield, 994,127 bushels of seed and 36,093 pounds of fiber; total value of products, $1,008,242; State ranks fifth in pro- duction of seed and second in fiber. Broom- corn is largely cultivated. Tobacco and hemp are grown. Butter and cheese are important products. Annual value of dairy products, poultry, and eggs, over $45,000,000. HORTICULTURE, ETC — Soil and cli- mate well adapted to orchard and garden prod- ucts. In 1888, the Kansas orchards contained 10,746,473 bearing and 10,016,0-57 non-bearing apple, pear, peach, plum, and cherry trees. Of the former, 4,849,903 were apple, and 4,226,- 609 peach trees. State has 4,542 acres under bearing vines; in 1889. 16.588,000 pounds of grapes were sold for table use, i.nd 1.30,990 gal- lons of wine made. There are 339 nurseries, with 11,492 acres of land, and a capital of $1 425 792. LIVE STOCK. — Stock-raising is an im- portant industry, ranks second to cereals as a source of wealth. Number and value of farm animals, 1891: Horses, 935,135, value, $55,344,- 187; mules, 92,677, value, $6,658,989; milch cows, 773,489, value, $14,232,198; oxen and other cattle, 1,978,.520, value, $33,207,282; sheep, 469,433, value, $1,096,595; swine, 3,175,767, value, $15,128,718. MINERALS. — Coal, lead, and zinc are the most important minerals. Coal area, 17,000 square miles; output, 1890, 2,259,9.2 tons; value, $2,947,517. Principal centers of industry are Cherokee, Crawford, Leavenworth, and Osage counties. Output of zinc mines, 39,575 tons, value, $299,192; lead, 3,617 tons. Petro- leum and natural gas are produced ; the former is found near Paola, Miami County. Value of natural gas supplied, $13,600; coal displaced, 6,000 tons. Kansas is now prominent among salt-producing states; production, 1890, 882,666 barrels, value, $397,199. BUILDING STONES, ETC.- Limestone, sandstone, marble, and gypsum are produced. State has 115 limestone quarries, many of them small; value of output, 1889, $478,^22; sand- stone exists throughout the State; most pro- ductive sections south and southeast; value of product, $149,289. Of gypsum, 17.332 tons were produced — from which were made 13,896 tons of plaster of pans— value, $94,235— and 400 tons of fire- proof cement, value, $6,000. Marble is quarried in Miami County. MANUFACTURES. — Althoxigh an agri- cultural State, Kansas has numerous and important manufacturing industries. First among these industries is the preparing and packing of meat. In 1890 the six wholesale slaughtering and meat-packing estabUshments of Kansas City alone had a combined capital of $8,964,998; number of employes, 4.617; wages paid, $2 558,526; value of products, $39,927,191. Second in importance are the prod- ■«aB>«w«P>m|P NEW POCKET ATLAS. 113 ucts of the flouring mills, followed by wood ' manufactures— carnages, wagons, agricult- ural implements, etc.; metal-working indus- tries—foundries, machine shops, stove works, iron bridges, etc. CIVIL. WAR.— State furnished 20.149 men— 18,069 white troops and 2,080 colored; number deaths, 2,630. Within the State, 1891, were 29.421 pensioners. KAI LAV AYS. —Union Pacific, first road to enter the State, completed 40 miles of road, 18 >'i-4. In 186.5 State had 40 miles of road in operation; 1870, 1,501; 1875. 2,150; 1880, 3,400; 1885, 4,520; 1890. 8,900; January 1, 1892, 8,901. State has one mile of railway to each 9.3 square miles. EDUCATION.— State has an efficient sys- tem of public schools; free schools have been conducted since 1855. School age, .5-21. Com- pulsory education a law. Number pupils in public schools. 399,322; in private schools. 20,- 400. State Normal School, Emporia, organized. 1865. Univei'sity of Kansas, Lawrence, opened, 1S66. State Agricultvu-al College, Manhattan. State has 13 colleges. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, May :», July 4, Thanksgiving, December 25, and pub- lic fast. STATE INSTITUTIONS.— Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb at Olathe, established. 1865 ; Institution for the Education of the BUnd, Wyandotte; State Reform School, Topeka; State Insane Asylums, Osa- watomie, established, 1S66, Topeka, estab- lished, 1879; State Penitentiary, Lansing. POSTAL.— Kansas has 1.799 post offices; 123 presidential offices — 2 first-class, 20 second- class, and 101 third-class; number of foui-th- class offices, 1.676 ; money-order offices, 54:3. POLITICA L.— State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber. Number of Senators, 39; Representatives, 125; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered yeai"s. meets second Tuesday in January; limit of session, 50 days; term of Senators, 4 j'ears; Representatives, 2 years. Number electoral votes, 10; nmnber voters. 383,231. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, resident of State 6 months, of precinct 30 daj's: registra- tion required in cities only. Idiots, insane, and convicts excluded. LEG A L.— Statutes of Hmitation: Judg- ments, 5 3'eai-s; open accounts. 2; notes, 5; redemption of tax sales, 3 years. Legal inter- est rate, 6; by contract, 10. COUNTIES. Land Area, Sq. M's. . .51 U . 576 - 42:3 Counties. Allen, K-18 .... A.nderson. J-19. Atchison, E-18. Barber, N-10....1,i:^ 900 637 576 .1,428 750 Barton, H-9-. Bourbon, K-20.. Brown, C-18 .... Butler, L-14 .. Chase. 1-15 Chautauq"a,N-16 651 Cherokee, N-20 . 576 Cheyenne, D-2 .1,020 Clark, N-7 975 Clay, E14. 660 Cloud, E-12 720 Coffey, J-17 648 Comanche, N-8- 795 Cowley, Ml 4 ..1,122 Crawford, L-20 592 Decatur, D-5.... iKX) Dickinson, G-14. 851 Doniphan, C-15. 378 Douglas. G- 8-.- 469 Edwards, K-8.-. 612 i Elk, M-16 6.51 I Ellis, G-8 62.5 Ellsworth, H-11. 720 Finne}% K-4---. 864 Ford, L-6 l,04(i Franklin, H-18 - 576 Garfield. J -5 ... 432 (rfarv. G-15 407 Gove^, G-5 1,020 Graham E-6 . 900 I Grant, L-3 . . .. .576 Gray, L-5 864 Pop. 1890. 13,509 14,203 26,758 7,973 13,17 ; 28,57.-^ 20,319 24,0.55 8,2*i 12,297 27,770 4,401 2,357 16,145 l'.i,295 15,856 2,.519 :i4,4r8 30(286 8.414 22,273 13,5:35 23,961 3,600 12,216 7.942 9,272 3,a50 5,308 20,279 8S1 10,423 2 991 5.029 1,308 2 415 Land p Counties. Area, fni^"] Sq. Mis. ■'^^- I Greeley I-l 780 1,264! Greenwd, K-16. 1,155 16,309 Hamilton K-2.. 922 2,027 Harper, Nil.... 810 13,266 Harvej', K-13... 540 17,601 Haskell, L4.... 576 1.077 Hodgeman, J-6 864 2.395 Jackson, E-17.. 6.58 14.626 Jefferson. F- 18.. 568 16,620 Jewell, C-11 900 19,:i4'^ Johnson. G-20.. 480 ' 17 385 Kearney, K-3... 864 1,571 Kingman, L-11.. 864 11.823 Kiowa, M-8 720 2,873 Labette, N 18. . 649 27,586 Lane, 1-5 720 2,060 Leavenw'th,F-19 455 38,485 Lincoln, F-11... 720 9,709 Linn, J-20 6^37 17,215 Logan, G-3 1080 3,384 Lyon, 1-16 8.58 23,196 McPherson. 1-12 IKX) 21,614 Marion 1-14.... 9.54 20,539 Marshall, D-15 . 900 23,912 Meade, N-5 975 2 542 Miami. H-20...- 588 19 614 Mitchell, Ell.. 720 15.037 M^tgomerv. N-17 648 2^3,104 Morris. H-15.... 684 11,381 Morton. N-1.-.. 729 724 Nemaha. C-17-.- 720 19,249 Neosho. L-18---- 576 18,561 Ness. 1-6.. 1,080 4,944 Norton. C-6 900 10,617 Osage. H-17 .... 720 25,062 i Osborne, E-9... 900 12,083 Land p Counties. Area, . ^(^' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Ottawa, F-12.-- WO 12,581 Pawnee. J-8 ... 756 5.204 PhiUips, C-8...- 900 13,661 Pottawatomie, E-16 848 17,72i Pratt, L-9 720 8,118 Rawlins, C-3 ...1,080 6,7.56 Reno, K-11 1,260 27,079 Republic, C-12.. 720 19,002 Rice, 111.- 720 14,451 Riley, F-14 612 13,183 Rooks, E-8 900 8,018 Rush, H-8 720 5,204 Russell. G-9 900 7,353 Saline, H-12.... 720 17,412 Scott, 1-4. 720 1,262 Sedgwick. L-13.1 008 43,626 Seward, N-4..-- 648 1,503 Shawnee G-17.- 558 49,172 Sheridan, E-5... 900 3,733 Sherman. E-2 1,080 5 261 Smith. C-9. 900 15,613 Stafford, J-IO... 792 8,520 Stanton, L-1--.- 672 1,031 Stevens, N-3..-. 728 1,418 Sumner, N-13.-. 1,188 30,271 Thomas, E-3... 1,080 5,538 Trego, G-6. 900 2,535 Wabaunsee,G-16 804 11,720 WaUace, G-2...- 900 2,468 Washingt'n,C-14 900 22,894 Wichita, 1-3 .... 720 1.827 Wilson, L-17.... 576 15,286 Woodson, K-17. 504 9,021 Wyandotte, F-20 160 54.40 T Total 81,700 1,427 096 114 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S O D E F Q H Longitude AVestJ 'OSfro/* Gkeenwick. ® Custer City l1 "Ll.iJl IJ^JL r'^ ^y TT I pr>:p'^o j <^ ' ' ' S r'/^N ' O .. ' WASHAJJAUGH J. LUGENBEEl ^lorvt^"* ^rDa-kotoA/^ fcamp Sheridan \ \ ^^^T^^ :ia^^*^>-<>; ^"^'O^ I jr F V A^ D A •^ >- 1 D \ A '^W £ S S H E R I D A lijr I ^-^^ *WbdaXake-FiiVl I' 1 ; LINCOLN I _. 211 L______.,? t reriden Uinneilpolis 12 13 14 16 16 17 19 20 116 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEBRASKA. Ne-bras'ka. *• Black-water State." Indian—" Water Valley. HISTOKICAIi.— Country first visited by Spaniards in the sixteenth century. French missionaries and traders entered the territory about the middle of the seventeenth century. Formed part of the Louisiana purchase of 1803. Government exploration by way of Platte Valley made under Major Long in 1820. First settlement made by whites at Bellevue, 1847. Nebraska Territory organized, 1854; ad- mitted into the Union, 1867; was the twenty fourth State admitted. AREA, ETC.— State has a length, from east to west, of 413 miles; width, north and south, about 208 miles; total area, 77,510 square miles— land, 76.&40, water, 670. The Missouri, which forms the eastern boundary, is the only navigable^ river; principal river in the interior, the Platte, flows eastwardly through central part of State. Average ele- vation of eastern half of State, 1,400 feet; of western, 2,312; greatest elevation, White River Summit, 4,876 feet. CLIMATE Temperature at North Platte: Mean winter, 19°, extreme, —35°; summer, 74°, extreme, 107°. Omaha, winter, IQ'', ex- treme, —32°; summer, 76°, extreme, 105°. Valentine, winter, 14°, extreme, —35°; sum- mer, 74°, extreme, 106°. Average annual rain- fall: North Platte, 20 2 inches; Omaha, 33.5 inches; Valentine, 17 2 inches. POPULATION.— Nebraska ranked thirty- ninth in population in 1860, thirty-sixth in 1870, thirtieth in 1880, and twenty-sixth in 1890. Total population, 1860, 28,841; 1870, 122,993; 1880, 452,402; 1890, 1,058,910. Classification: Male, 572,824; female, 486,086; native, 856,368; foreign, 202,542; white, 1,046,888; colored, 12,- 022— Africans, 8,913; Chinese, 214; Japanese, 2; Indians, 2,893. PRINCIPAL, CITIES. -Omaha, the com- mercial metropolis, population, 1890, 140,452; 1880, :30,518; Liucolu, the capital, an important railway center, population, 55,154. After Lin- coln the largest cities in the State are: Bea- trice, population, 13,836; Hastings, 13,584; Ne- braska City, 11,494; Plattsmouth. 8,392. URBAN POPULATION.— Increase in ur- ban population during past decade, unusually large. Returns show sixteen cities having 2,500 or more inhabitants, aggregate popula- tion being 291,194. In 1880, aggregate popula- tion of these places, 74,452. Greatest numeri- cal increases: Omaha, 109,934; Lincoln, 42,151; Beatrice, 11,389; Hastings, 10,767. Percentages of increase greatest in North Platte, 741.60; Beatrice, 465.43; Norfolk, 455.39; Hastings, 382.22; Omaha, 360.23; Kearney, 353.09. AGRICULTURE, ETC.— Agriculture the principal industry of the State. Total area devoted to the cereals. 1879, 3,502, 146 acres; 1889, 7,961,969 acres; increase in corn area, 3,849,619 acres. Corn is grown in every county, increased area reported in every one. In 1891, Nebraska ranked fourth among corn- producing States; area, 4,762,840 acres; pro- duction, 167,652,000 bushels, value, $43 589,512; wheat, 1.205,350 acres, 18,080,000 bushels; oats, 1,368,977 acres, 48,599,000 bushels; good crops of barley, rye, and buckwheat are grown. Census returns give area under rye, 81,372 acres; yield, l,085,(»a3 bushels; barley, 82,590 acres; yield, 1,822,111 bushels; buckwheat, 15,358 acres; yield, 120,00U bushels. Flax is an important ci'op. State ranks fourth in area, production, and value of products; area, 163,900 acres; seed, 1,401,104 bushels; fiber, 1,025 pounds; value of products, $1,392,689. Root crops are most successfully cultivated; average yield of potatoes, 4,459,000 bushels. Soil well adapted to beetcultui*e; factories for the manuf actui-e of beet-root sugar have been estabhshed at Grand Island and Norfolk. HORTICULTURE, ETC Fruits of East- ern Nebraska famous for their excelleijce. Apples are especially noted. Latest reports give total number fruit trees in the State as 3,321,808; gr pe- vines, 752,828. Nebraska has 177 nurseries, comprising 15,641 acres of land, total value, $1,364,996. Three were estabhshed between 1850-60. There are 1,24S acres under apple trees; cherry, plum, pear, and peach trees following in importance. There are 18 seed farms in the State; combined area, 13,870 acres; average to each farm, 695 acres; total value, $907,746. The industry is important and usually conducted on an extensive scale, a single farm sometimes embracing nearly 3,000 acres of land. State has 38 florists' es- tabUshments-4 owned and managed by women, total value, $349,273; employes, 118; wages paid, $50,931; plant sales, $97,897; cut flower sales, $64,388. LIVE STOCK.— Stock-raising forms one of the principal industries. Possessing excel- lent and abundant pasturage, both summer and winter, and a great coi'n product, the State ranks among the prominent meat- producing States of the West. Number and value of farm animals, 1891 : Horses, 625,293, $36,298,768; mules, 46,708, $3,473,182; milch cows, 530,338, $9,943,838; cattle, 1,614,676, $26,- 780,200; sheep, 269,804, $690,887; swine, 2,586,- 952, $13,537,521. DAIRY PRODUCTS. -The dairy industry has become one of the most important in the State. Estimated number dairy cows, 1888, 300,000, value, $7,200,000. Value of dairy prod- ucts, $10,500,000. Two-thirds the creameries in the State reported a marked improvement in the grade of dairy cows. Number of cream- eries an I cheese factories, 54; average value of creamery plants, $5,500; cheese factories, $3,250; total product of creameries, 4,500,000 pounds. MINERALS. — Coal, salt, limestone, fine clays, marl, and peat exist. Coal mined in southeastern part of State; output, 1890, 1,400 tons, value, $4,500; limestone was quarried chiefly in Cass, Gage, and Sarpy counties; value of output, $207,019. Salt basin near Lincoln covers aii area of twelve by twenty- five miles, includes numerous salt springs, whose waters includes 29 per cent, of pure salt. aSb */i/^ 4 «■// Lri^/s vV'' a ■£ *tTfi /" rC ^-?5^?''^ E iSlS^'^il/ «>£««./ eras il— S-^ V'*'' ? 4^6. c> ? %+ ^o; G™ X^' •V?^%fci^ 3,1 s-*^* J. ^^ ^ JCrk "^"yS^ft®^ I U o a/* , ''^s^y} NEW POCKET ATLAS 119 SOUTH DAKOTA. Da-kO'-ta. •' Swiagecat State. Indian— Dahkotah "Leagued." HISTORICAL.— Country formed part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. First explora- tions made by Lewis and Clarke, 1804-5. First real settlement made at Sioux Falls, 1856. Dakota Territory organized March 2, 1861. State constitution adopted October 1, 1889. State admitted November 2 of that year. AREA.— State has a total area of 77,650 square miles; 76,850 square miles land; 800 square miles water. Principal rivers: Mis- souri—navigable throughout the State— James, Big Sioux. Grand. White, and Cheyenne. Great- est altitude. Harney Peak. 7,368 feet. ClilMATJE.— Temperature at Yankton: Mean winter, 13°, extreme, — 34°; summer, 74°, extreme, 103°; average annual rainfall, 27.3 inches. POPULATION. — South Dakota ranked thirty-seventh in 1890. Population, 328,808; Classification: Male, 180,250; female, 148..558; native, 237,75^3; foreign, 91,055; white, :i27,290; colored. 1,518— Africans, 541; Chinese, 195; In- dians 782 PRINCIPAL CITIES. — Sioux Falls, the largest, population, 10,177, increase during dec- ade, 8,013, or 370.29 per cent: Yankton, second in size, population, 3,670; Pierre, the capital, population, 3.235. AGRICULTURE, ETC — State es.sentially agricultural. Area uniler cereals, 1889, 3,701,- 6^ acres; 1879. :^6,7;33 acres. Area imdi^r corn. 18*41, 9:^,130 acres; production, 21,018.0fM) bushels; wheat, 1,954,88:3 acres, 29,714,048.000 bushels. Rye, barley, potatoes, and beans give abundant returns. LIVE STOCK.— The raising of live stock has become one of the great industries of the State. In 1891, the sheep numbered 2.089,.337, value. $5,228,566; cattle, 1,025,967, value, $16,- 725.323; horses, 197.011. value, $7,131,796; cows. 35,705. value, $1,0-^6,519. Wool cUp, 4,422,000 poimds. MINERALS.— State has an inexhaustible store of mineral wealth; leads all others in production of copper; output, 1889, 98,222,444 pounds. Ranks second in silver and third in gold. Value of gold mmed, 1890, $3,300,000; amount of silver, 1.5,750,W0ounces, value, $20, 363,636. In 1889, Montana ranked fourth as a lead-producing State; output, 10,183 tons, value, $456,975. Estimated value of gold, silver, lead, and copper produced since 1862, $320,000,000. Coal mining is making rapid pro- gress; amount mined, 1888, 41,467 tons; 1890, 517,477 tons. Iron ores exist in almost everj' county. Granite, limestone, and sandstone are quarried. RAILWAYS.— The first railroad -Utah & Northern- entered the Territory. March, 1880. Number of miles completed in"l880. 106; 1885, 1,046; 1890, 2,195: January 1, 1892, 2,394. State has one mile of railway to each 61 square miles. EDUCATION — Pubhc school system es- tablished, 1872. School age, 4-21. Number pu- pils in public schools, 16,807; in private schools, 1,422. Montana College at Deer- lodge. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. --January 1, Febm- ar>' 22, Arbor Day, j\Iay 30, July 4. Labor Day. general election, and December 25. POLITICAL.— State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first 3Ionday in November; number of Senators, 16; Representatives. 55; sessions annual, meets first Monday in Janu- ar3'; limit of session, 60 days; term of Sena- tors. 4 years : Representatives. 2 years. Num- ber of electoral votes, 3: number voters. 65,- 415. Voters must be citizens, residents of State 1 year, of county, town, and precinct 30 da5-s; registration required. Indians and con- victs, unless pardoned, excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg ments, 6 years; open accounts, 2 years; notes, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 2 years. Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Beaverhead,L-5. 4,200 Cascade, G-8---. 2,600 Choteau, E-IO... 27,280 Custer, L-16 26,580 Dawson, E-16... 26,680 Deerlodge, 1-6... 5,085 Pop. 1890. 4,655 8,75.5 4,741 5,308 2,056 15,155 Counties. Fergus, H-12. Gallatin, L-9. Jefferson, J-8 Lewis and Clarke, G-7 2,600 Madison, M-7 4,250 Land Area, Sq. Mis. - 6,762 - 2,295 1,850 Pop. 1890. 3,514 6,246 6,026 19,145 4,692 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Meagher, I-IO... 7,000 Missoula, G-3.. -18,550 Park, K-10 5,558 Silverbow, K-6.. 915 Yellowstone, J-1 3 3,105 Total.... 145,310 Pop. 1890. 4,749 14,427 6,881 23,744 2,065 132,159 124 HAND, McNaLLY & CO/S KEW POCKET ATLAS. 125 IDAHO. i'd-^^<^ Indian—" Gem of the mountains." HISTORICAL — Country formed part of Louisiana purchase of 1803. Coeur d"Alene Mission established, 1842. First permanent settlements in the territory began with dis- covery of gold on Oro Fine Creek, in 1860. Idaho Territory organized in 186.3. State Con- stitution adopted, 1889. Admitted into the Union July 3, 1890. ARK A, E rC.— Total number square miles, 84,800— land, 84,290; water, 510. Length, north and south, on western border, 485 miles; on Wyoming border, 130 miles ; width, on southern border, 300 miles; on northern, 45 miles. Principal river, the Snake. The Sal- mon, Clearwater, and Spokane are large streams, but not navigable. Elevation ranges from 680 feet to 10.000— mean, about 4,700 feet. Estimated area of forest lands, 10,000,000 acres. CLIMATE.— Temperature at Boise: Mean winter, 28°, extreme, — 28°; summer, 73°, ex- treme, 107°; average annual rainfall, Boise, 13.2 inches. POPULATION — Idaho ranked forty- fourth in population in 1870, forty-sixth in 1880, and forty-fifth in 1890. Total population, 1870, 14,999; 1880, 32,610; 1890, ^..385. Classification: Male, 51,290; female, ;i3,095; native, 66.929; foreign, 17.456; white, 82,018; colored, 2,367- Africans, 201; Chinese, 2,007; Indians, 159. PRINCIPAL CITIES — Boise, thecapita,!. United States assay office situated here, popu- lation, 2,311. Montpelier, the second in size, is the outlet for the Bear Lake Valley, popula- tion, 1,174; population of Weiser, 901. Lewis- ton, in Nez Perces County, is the only port in the State; it is a flourishing town of 849 inhabit- ants. Land offices are located at Blackfoot, Coeur d'Alene, Hailey, Lewiston. and Boi.se. AGRICULTURE.— Estimated area of agri- cultural lands, 16,000,0C0 acres. State giving great attention to systematic irrigation; agri- culture, as an industry, rapidly advancing in importance. Number acres irrigated lands, 1890, 740,3.50. Agricultural products in bushels: Wheat, 3,669,200; oats, 2,014,800; barley, 1,150,- 450; corn, 47,400; rye, 64,900; flax seed, 555,000; potatoes. l,oa5,900. HORTICULTURE — Fruits can not be ex- celled in quality and flavoi*. Boise and other vallej^s widely known for their fine fruits. Number fruit trees growing in State, 178,914, of which 101,390 were apple; 17,36*6 pi-une; 19.- 110 plum; 16.714 cherry; 14,939 peach; the re- mainder being pear, apricot, and nectarine. Production for 1889: Apples, 2^7,000 bushels; pears, 29,850 boxes: peaches, 34,850 boxes; plums and prunes, 34,350 boxes; berries, 76,600 baskets; grapes, 78,200 boxes. LIVE STOCK.— Idaho possesses great advantages for stock growers. Estimated grazing lands, 20,000.000 acres. Chmate and grasses both favorable to the industry. Latest reports give 185,497 horses, value, §6,492,395; sheep, 527,077, value, :=sl, 264,985; oxen and other cattle, 515,336. value. $7,858,905. MINERALS — Mining forms the chief in- dustry of the State. Idaho ranks fifth as a producer of silver and sixth as a producer of gold. Value of gold min^d, 1890, $1,850,000; of silver, §4,783,838. Total value oi gold and silver sent to mint and assay offices since 1860, S-34,220,049. State ranks second in production of lead; output, 1889, 23,172 tons, two-thirds mined in Shoshone County, which comprises the famous Coeur d'Aleue minmg region. Output of the copper mines, 156,490 pounds. Iron and coal exist. Limestone, sandstone, and marble are quarried. RAILWAYS.— Number of miles in opera- tion in 1880, 206; 1885, 794; 1890, 946; January 1, 1892, 966. State has one mile of railway to each 87 . 7 square miles. EDUCATION — State has a good sj'Stem of public instruction. School age, 5-21; num- ber pupils enrolled in public schools, 14,311; in private schools, 1,104. State University at Moscow. LEGAL HOLIDAYS — January 1, Febru- ary 22, Friday following the first day of May, May 30, July 4, December ^^5, and any general or special election called by the Governor. POLITICAL — State elections, biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of senators, 12; representatives, 24; term, 2 years; sessions, biennial in odd- numbered years, meets first Monday in Jan- uary; limit of session, 60 days. Number of electoral votes, 3; number voters, 31,490. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 6 months and of county 30 days; regis- tration required. Chinese, Indians, Mormons, insane, and convicts excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 6 years; open accoimts, 3 j-ears; notes, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 6 months. Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, 18. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, -,gr£;" Sq. Mis. ^"^• Ada, R-3 2,500 8,368 Alturas, S-7 6,700 2,629 Bear Lake,U-13 1,100 6,057 Bingham, R-12. 10,500 13,575 Boise, P-4 4,000 3,342 Canyon, P-2 Cassia, U-7 4,500 3,143 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Custer, 0-7 .... 3,500 Elmore, R-5 3,000 Idaho, K-4 11,400 Kootenai, C-2... 5,600 Latah, H-2 1,080 Lemhi, M-8 5,400 Logan, S-7 5,800 Pop 1890. 2,176 1,870 2,955 4,108 9,173 1,915 4,169 Land Counties. Area, Sq. MLs. Nez Perces, 1-3.- 1,610 Oneida, U-10...- 2,700 Owyhee, T-3.... 7,800 Shoshone, G-4-. 4,400 Wash'gton, N-2. 2,700 Total 84,290 Pop. 1890. 2,847 6,816 2,021 5,382 3,836 84,385 126 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS 127 WYOMING. ^"'-'"^ Indian— Maughwanwame— signifies "The large plains/' HISTORICAL.— Name derived from the historic "Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania. Territory formed part of the Louisiana pur- chase of 1803 and Mexican acquisition of lt?48. Spanish adventurers and Jesuit missionaries visited the country about the middle of the sixteenth centm'y; pennaneni occupancy be- gan with the visits of fur traders and officers of American army in early part of this cen- tury. Fremonfs explorations began in 1842. Cheyenne settled, 1867. Territorial organiza- tion completed, 1869. The State constitution adopted, No\ ember, 1889. State admitted into the Union, July 10. 1890. ARE A.— State has an area of 97,890 square miles — 97,575 square miles land, 3l5 \vater; length, 350 miles; breadth, 275 miles. Surface, mountainous; mean elevation: 6,400 feet: low- est, about 500 feet; highest, Fremonfs Peak, 13,790 feet. Principal rivers: Green, Big Horn, Powder, Yellowstone, North Platte, and Big Chej'enne. CL.IMATE — Temperature at Fort Bridger: Winter, 19°, extreme, — 42°; summer, 64°, ex- treme, 89"; Cheyenne, winter. 25°, extreme, —38°; summer, 67°, extreme, 100°; Fort Wa- shakie, winter, 10°, extreme, — 54°; simimer, 67°, extreme, 100°. Average annual rainfall: Fort Bridger, 8.7 inches; Cheyenne, 11.7 inches; Fort Washakie, 11 inches. POPULATION.— Wyoming ranked forty- seventh in population from 1870 to 1890. Total population, 1870, 9.118; 1880,20,789; 1890, 60.705. Classification: Male, 39,343; female, 21,362; native, 45,792; foreign, 14.913; white, 59,275; colored, 1,430— Africans, 922; Chinese, 465; Indians, 43. PRINCIPAL CITIES. — Cheyenne, the capital, commeicial center of State and head- quarters ol the great cattie ranges of the West; population. 11,690, increase, during decade, 8,234, or 2^38.25 per cent. ; Lai'amie has impor- tant railroad interests, is center of supplies for numerous ranchmen, lumbermen, and miners, population, 6,388; population Rock Sprmgs, 3,406; Rawlins, 2.235; Evanst on, 1,995. AGRICULTURE — Estimated area of cul- tivable land, 12,000,000 to 15.000,000 acres. Much of the land requires irrigation, but Wyo ming surpasses all other states in the number of streams available for irrigation. Cereals, except Indian corn, vegetables, and all fruits common to temperate climate, may be grown. Agriculture, as an industry, rapidly increasing in importance. Wheat production, 1889, 73,313 bushels; oats, 362,162; corn, 25.162; barley, 11,573. Principal crop is haj'; annual value, about Sl,500,000. LIVE STOCK. — The live stock interest forms the oldest and most important industry in the State. Cattle are the most important, but great progress has been made in the num- ber and qualit3' of the sheep and horses. Num- ber oxen and other cattle, 1891, 1,107.062, value, §15,910.696: horses, 100,090, $3,422,190; mules, 1,382. S98.040: sheep, 1,141,492, $2,808,070; milch cows, 13,395, $428,&40; swine, 10,920, $66.-392. MINERALS — Coal, the most important of the mineral interests. There are 15 regular mines: output, 1890, 1,870,366 tons, value, $3,183,669. Carbon and Almy mines best known. Existence of petroleum known for thirty years; deposits valuable but ahnost wholly undeveloped. Principal developments made in Fremont and Weston counties; 50 open oil springs in Fremont County; 14 in the vicinity of Lander. In 1889, $14,512 of gold mined; copper production, 100.000 pounds; iron and gypsum exist. Sandstone and lime- stone are quarried; marble has been discov- ered m Converse County. RAILWAYS. — Number of miles of raih-oad in operation in 1867, 82; 1870 and 1875, 459; 1880, 512; 1885, 616; 1890, 1,002; Jan. 1, 1892, 1,052. State has one mile of railway to each 93 square miles. EDUCATION.— State has 259 teachers and 7,052 pupils in the pubUc schools. School age, 6-21. Compulsory education enforced. State University located at Laramie. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— Januaiy 1, Febru- ary 22, May 30, July 4, Thanksgiving, and De- cembei* 25. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first Monday in Novem- ber; number of Senators, 15; Representatives, 32; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered jears; meets first Monday in January; limit of ses- sion, 40 days; tema of Senators, 4 > ears; Rep- resentatives, 2 years; number of electoral votes, 3; number voters, 27,044. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, residents of State 1 year, of precinct 60 days; registration required. Idiots, insane, convicts, unless par- doned, U. S. soldiers, persons unable to read, excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 5 years: open accounts, 4; notes, 5; redemption of tax sales, 2 jears Legal inter- est rate, 12; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Albany, N-16-... 4,500 Bighorn, D-8.... 12,260 Carbon, N-12.... 7,800 Converse, H-17.. 6.600 Crook, D-17 5,2.50 Pop. 1890. 8,865 6"857 2,738 2,;338 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Fremont, F-7-..-12,000 Jolinson, D-12... 4,000 Laramie, M-18.-- 7,025 Nation'l P'rk Res- ervation, B-3 Pop. 1890. 2,463 2,357 16,777 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Natrona, H-12... 5,475 Sheridan, B-12 . . 2,775 Sweetwater, M-7-10,230 Umta, J-3 14,830 Weston, E-17.-.- 4,830 Total 97,575 Pop. 1890. 1,094 1,972 4,941 7,881 2,422 60,705 l28 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 129 UTAH. ^'oo'ta^. Named after a tribe of Indians. HISTORICAL. — First explorations made by Spaniards who visited the countiy as early as 154U. Salt Lake visited by Capt. Bridger 1821-25, the first recorded discoveiyof the lake. Territory visited bj- Fremont. 1S43, whose account led to its settlement. First settlements made by Mormons mider Brigham Young at Salt Lake City, l&ir. Country ceded to United States by Mexico, 1848. In 1849 the Mormons organized the State of "Deseret,"' land of the honey bee; September 9, 1850, Congress passed an act creating the Territory' of Utah, ignoring the State of Deseret. AREA, ETC. —84,900 square miles; land surface, 82,190 square miles; water, 2,780; average length, 350 mUes: breadth, 260 miles. Elevation of valleys, 2.700 to 7,000 feet above the sea. Mountains range from 12,000 to 13,690 feet; mean elevation, 6,100 feet. Principal riv- I ers, Colorado, Grand, and Green. Utah has 2,.524 artesian weUs, used chiefly to irrigate orchards,^ gardens, and vinej^ards. CLIMATE.— Temperature at Frisco: Mean winter. 30°, extreme, 0° ; summer, 73°, extreme, 93"; Salt Lake, winter, 28°, extreme, —20° ; sum- mer, 76°, extreme, 101°. Average annual rain- fall: Frisco, 7.6 inches; Salt Lake, 16.8 inches. POPULATrON — Utah ranked thirty-fifth in population in 1850, thirty-seventh in 1860. thirty-ninth in 1870 and 1880, and fortieth in 1890. Total population, 1850, 11, .380: 1860, 40,273; 1870, 86,786; 1880, 14:3,96.^: 1890, 207,905. Classification: Male, 110.463; female, 97.442; native, 154,841; foreign, 53,064; white, 205,899; colored, 2,006— Africans, 588; Chinese, 806; Japanese, 4; Indians, 608. PRINCIPAL CITIES.— Salt Lake City, the capital and metropolis, population, 44,843, increase in ten years 24,075 or 115.92 per cent.; Ogden, important railroad, commercial, and manufacturing center, population, 14.889, in- crease, 8,820 or 145.33 per cent.; population, Pi'ovo, 5,159; Logan, 4,565. AGRICULTURE — Agriculture and min- ing form the chief industries. T\lieat crop, 2,393,000 bushels; oats, 1.288,000 bushels; Indian corn, 675,000 bushels; barley, 660.000 bushels; potatoes of unusual size and fine quality pro- duced in abundance; a*nnual yield over 1,000,- 000 bushels. Fruits are of" fine flavor and abimdant. In 1889, 180,000 pounds of dried fruits were shipped north; Sultana seedless grape, grown for raisins, averages 3,000 to 5,000 pounds of raisins per acre. LIVE STOCK.— Live-stock interest chiefly in sheep; cattle and horses following in im- portance. Number farm animals, 1891 : Sheep, 2.0.55.900. value, ^4,650.466; cattle, 402,731, $5,679,512; milch cows. 54,497, $1,210,378; horses. 67,9.57, §2.414,946; mules, 2.028, $111,369; swine. 48,.594, $416,274. Wool chp about 9,000,- 000 pounds. Sheep, horses, and cattle are of fair grade and constantly improving. MINERALS. — Gold, silver, lead, and copper are the principal minerals. Gold dis- covered 1857, value of production, 1890, $680,- 000; silver product, 8,000,000 ounces, value, $10,343,434. Utah ranks third in silver and lead; output of lead mines, 16,675 tons; copper production. 1,006.63h pounds; salt production increased from 107,000 ban-els in 1885 to 4J7,- 500 barrels in 1890. Iron and coal are mined. In 1890, .500 tons of sulphur were produced. Sandstone, limestone, granite and slate, and serpentine are quarried. Numerous marble beds exist, but have not been developed. RAILWAYS. — Union Pacific Railway com- pleted to Ogden, March 3, 1869. Number of miles in operation in 1870, 257; 1875, 515; 1880, 842; 188,5, 1,138; 1890, 1,205; January 1, 1892, 1,.347. Territory has one mile of railway to each 6:^.2^3 square miles. EDUCATION.— One-fourth the total sum raised by taxation is for public schools. School age, 6-18; number pupils in common schools, :36,372; in private schools, 10,794. University of Deseret. Salt Lake City; Agricultural Col- lege. Logan. LEG.4L HOLIDAYS. -January 1, Febru- ary 22, May 30, July 4, and 24, Thanksgiving, and fast daj-s, and December 25. POLITICAL.- Territorial elections bien- nial, fii-st Monday in August. Number of Senators, 12; Representatives, 24; term, 2 j'ears; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting second Monday in January; limit of session, 60 days. Number voters, 54,471. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, residents of Territory 6 months, of county and precinct 30 days. Bigamists, poiygamists, and adulterers excluded. LEGAL — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 5 years; open accounts, 2; notes, 4; redemption of taxes, 2 years. Legal interest rate, 10; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Beaver, P-3 2,704 Boxelder, C-3 7,016 ■Cache, C-7 1,090 Davis, F-6 290 Emery, M-11 5,723 Garfield, R-7 1,364 Grand, N-13 3,175 Iron, R-2 3,436 Juab, K-4 3.828 Pop. 1890. 3.;340 7,642 15,509 6,751 5,076 2,457 541 2,683 5,582 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Kane, T-6 4,172 MiUard. M-4 6,712 Morgan, E-8 725 Piute. P-8 3.695 Rich, C-8 980 Salt Lake, G-7.... 784 San Juan, S-12... 9,1 78 Sanpete, L-7 1,784 Sevier, N-7 ..1,872 Pop. 1890. 1,685 4,0:33 1,780 2.842 1,527 58,457 365 13,146 6,199 Land Covmties. Ax-ea, Sq. IkUs Summit, F-9 3,062 Tooele, H-S 6,240 Uintah, J-13 5,^34 Utah. 1-7. 1,986 Wasatch. I-IO.--. 3,444 Washington, U-2 .2,446 Weber. D-7 650 Total 82,190 Pop. 1890. : 7,733 3,700 2,762 23.768 3,595 4,009 22,72:3 207,905 130 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 131 COLORADO. Kol-o-rah' do. "Centennial State." Spanish—" Red or Colored. HISTOKICAIi — Territory acqioired under Louisiana piu-chase of 180.3, and Mexican ces- sion of 1848. First explorations made by Spaniards under Coronado. l.>40. First ofl&- cial explorations under authority of United States, made by Major Pike, 1805. First set- tlement made by trappers on present site of Denver, 1858. Colorado Territory organized, 1861; State admitted into the Union, 1876; the twenty-fifth State admitted. AREA, ETC — Total number square miles, 103,925—103.645 land, 280 water; length, east and west, 380miles: breadth, 280 miles. Princi- pal rivers: North and South Platte, Arkansas, Snake, White, and Green. Altitude ranges from ;^,000 to over 14.400 feet. CLiIMATE. — Temperature at Denver: Mean winter, 27°, extreme — 29°; summer, 72°, extreme 105°; Las Animas, winter, 22°, ex- treme —26°; summer, 76°, extreme, 105°, Montrose, winter, 23°, extreme — 20°; summer. 72°, extreme, 98". Average annual rainfall: Denver, 14.6 inches: Las Animas, 13.5 inches; Montrose. 8.9 inches. POPULATION. -Colorado ranked thirty- eighth in 1860, forty-first m 1870, thirty-fifth in 1880, and thirty-first in WM). Total population 1860, 34,277; 1870, 39,864; 1880. 194.327; 1890, 412,198. Classification: Male, ^5,247: female, 166,951; native, 328,208; foreign, a3.990; white. 404,468; colored, 7,730 -Africans, 6,215; Chmese, t,398; Japanese, 10; Indians, 107. PRINCIPAL, CITIES.— Denver, the cap- ital and chief city, population, 106,713. Pueblo, the second city in size, population, 24,.5.58 ; Colorado Springs, one of the most popular health resorts in the countrj', population. 11,140; Leadville, center of carbonate region, population, 10.384 ; Trinidad, center of chief coal-mining region, population, 5,523. AGRICULTURE Agriculture, through the extensive system of irrigation, is making rapid advances. Latest reports give crops: Corn, 1,511,907 bushels; wheat, 2,845,439 bush- els; oats, 2,514,480 bushels; barley, 331.556 bushels; rye, 54.158 bushels. Nimiber and value of farm animals, 2.998,919. $31,831,331. MINERALS — One of the richest States in the Union in minerals. State ranks second in gold and first in silver. Value of gold pro- duction, 1890, 8-1,150,000; silver, $^,307,070. Valuable beds of anthracite exist. Total output of coal mines, 1889, 2,597.661—53,517 tons anthracite; total value, $3,993,768; of iron mines, 109,136 tons, value. 8487,433; copper, 1.170.053 pounds; lead, 70.788 tons, value, S2,101.014. Value of stone output, 1880, 850,400; 1890, $1,676,862. RAILWAYS. — Earliest railroad in the State — the Denver Pacific — completed, Denver to Cheyenne, Wyo., 1870. Number of miles in operation in 1870, 157; 1875, 607; 1880. 1,570; 1885, 2.877; 1890, 4.291; January 1,1892, 4,344. EDUCATIO.S — Compulsory education a law. School age. 6-21. Pupils enrolled in public schools, 673.490; in private schools, 7,072. Number colleges, 4. LEGAL HOLIDAYS — January 1, Feb- ruary 22, May 30, July 4, first Mondaj' in September, Thanksgiving, December 25, and general election. POLITICAL.— State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Mon- day in November. Number of Senators, 26; Representatives, 49; sessions biennial, in odd- numbered years, meeting first Wednesday in January; limit of session, ninety days; term of Senators, 4 years. Representatives, 2 years. NiuTiber of ejectoral votes, 4; number voters, 164.920. Voters must be residents of State 6 months, of county 90 days, of precinct 10 days; registration required. Convicts, unless restored to citizenship, excluded. LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ment, 6 years; open accounts, 6; notes, 6; re- demption of tax sales. 3 years. Legal interest rate, 8; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, ^Li(K' bq. Mis.' •^^'*^- Arapahoe, E-16... 5,220 132,135 Archuleta, 0-7.. -1.100 826 Baca, 0-19 2,300 1,479 Bent. K-18 1,500 1.313 Boulder, D-11.... 790 14 082 Chaffee, 1-9 1,1.50 6.612 Cheyenne, J-19 ..1,800 534 Clear Creek, F-10 390 7,184 Conejos, P-9 1,200 7,193 Costilla, O-IO ..-.1,720 3.491 Custer. L-11 720 2,970 Delta, 1-4 1,150 2,5.^4 Dolores, N-2 1,000 1,498 Douglas, G-12..-. &40 3,006 Eagle, F- 17 1,600 3,725 Elbert, H-17 1 .880 1,856 El Paso, 1-13 2,660 21,239 Fremont, J-11 ...1,600 9,156 Gai-field, F-4 3,250 4,478 Land p Counties. Area, ^^(1' Sq. Mis. ^**^- Gilpin, E-11 150 5,867 Grand, D-9 .2.100 604 Gunnison, J-7 3.200 4,359 Hinsdale, M-6.- .1,400 862 Huerfano, M-12.. 1,600 6,882 Jefferson, Gil.-- 860 8,450 Kiowa, K-19 1.800 1,243 Kit Carson, H-19 2,150 2,472 Lake, H-8 450 14,663 La Plata, 0-3 ... 1,860 5,509 Larimer, B-9 4,100 9,712 Las Animas, 0-16 4,700 17,208 Lincoln , H-16 . . - - 2, 600 689 Logan, A-18 1,^30 3,070 Mesa, H-3 3,000 4,260 Montezuma, P-2 .2,640 1,529 Montrose, K-3----2,300 3,980 Morgan, D-15 ....1,290 1.601 Otero, L-16 2.050 4,192 Land p Counties. Area, -.q^' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Ourav. L-4 450 6,510 Park,' H-10 2,100 3,548 Philhps. B-19.... 570 2,642 Pitkin. G-7. 950 8,929 Prowers, M-19.... 1,650 1,969 Pueblo, L-13 2,400 31,491 Rio Blanco, D-4.. 3,600 1,200 i Rio Grande, N-8. .1,260 3,451 i Routt, B-4 6.000 2,369 Saguache, L-8 ...3.240 3,313 San Juan. N-5... 500 1,572 San Miguel, L-5.. 1,300 2,909 Sedgwick, A-19.- 650 1,293 Summit, F-9 690 1,906 Washington. C-18 1,080 2,301 Weld, B-14.. 4,075 11,736 Ymna, C-19 1,180 2,596 Total.. -.103,645 412,198 m RAND, McNALLY & 00.'?^ ^"EW f»OCK:ET ATLA8. IBS NEW MEXICO. ^-^-'^'^^' A«tec, "Mexitli,"' the Aztec god of war. HlSfORICAli.— First expedition by the Spaniards begun in 1540; first permanent settle- ment made 1598, in the valley of the Chama River. Americans from United States fii*st entered the Territoiy as traders about ls04. Country formed part of territory ceded to United States by Mexico in 1S48. Territory organized September, 1850. Peonage abolished March 2, 1867. AREA, ETC.— Territory has an area of 122,580 square miles, of which 12-2, 460 square miles are land and 120 water. Average breadth, 3^35 miles ; length of eastern boundary, 345 miles, of western boundary, 390 mUes. The table-lands have an elevation ranging from 4,000 feet in the south to 6,500 feet in the north. Rio Grande, the largest river, rises in the southwest, at an elevation of 11.900 feet. CLCMATE — Temperature at Santa Fe: Mean winter, 28°, extreme. — 13°; summer, 68°, extreme, 97°. Fort Stanton, winter, 34°, extreme,— 18°; simimer68°, extreme,95°. Aver- age annual raiafall: Santa Fe, 135 inches ; Fort Stanton. 1 7.3 inches. POPULATION.— New Mexico ranked thirty-second in population in 1850. thirtj-- fouith in 1860, thirty-seventh in 1870. forty- first in 1880, and fortv-third in 1890. Total population, 1850, 61,547 ; 1860, 93.516 ; 1870, 91.874; 1880, Il9,5b5 ; 1890, 153,593. Classification: Male, 83.055; female, 70,538: native, 143,334 ; foreign, 11,259 ; white 142,719 : colored, 10,874— Africans. 1,956 ; Chi- nese, 361 : Japanese, 3 ; Indians, 8.554. PRINCIPAL, CITIES.— Santa Fe, the largest town ; one of the oldest cities in the United States; capital of New Mexico since 1640; population, 6.185. Albuquerque, the second in size, is the seat of the university ; population, 3,785. Las Vegas, one of the prin- cipal trade centers. Silver City and Socorro, prominent as mining centers. AGRICULTURE — Area largely consists of vast, vmdulating plains, having a soil of remarkable fertility, where irrigation is pos- sible. Estimated area of irrigable agricultural and grazing lauds, 39.289.722 square miles. Latest reports of agricul'tural products: Corn. 1,051,000 bushels : wheat, 1,073.000 bushels ; oats, 359,000 : barley, 35,024 ; potatoes, 138,497; hay, 27,961 tons. LIVE STOCK.— Grazing interest extensive and valuable. Cattle and sheep comprise the principal live stock interest in the Territory. Number and value of animals. 1&91: Cattle, 1,288,182, $14,179,659 ; sheep, 2.967.480, $4,556,- 566; horses, 93,000. §2,704,905: cows, 18.77.5, $375,500 ; swine. 24.852, §146,628. Wool cUp of 1890, 4,000,000 pounds. MINERALS. — Territory rich in mineral wealth. Value of gold mined in 1890. §850.000; silver, §1.680.808. Lead is found in aU parts of the Territorj-, 4,764 tons mined in 1889. New Mexico ranks fourth as a producer of copper, output of mines 1889, 3,686,137 pounds. Iron ore abundant, deposits near the coal-fields.ores contain from 35 to 50 per cent, of iron. Coal de- posits widelj' distributed: product 1889, 486.943, value, §872,628. Zinc, salt, and petroleum are produced. Sandstone of various colors and fine quahty is quarried ; ricohte, a stone resembling Mexican onj'x (used in interior decorations), is quarried in Grant County. RAILWAYS.— First railroad constructed in the Territory — Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe— 1879 ; 178 miles built that vear. Number of miles in operation, lh80. 64:3: 1885, 1,194; 1890, 1.388; January 1, 1892. 1.40''. Territory has one mile of railway to each 87.24 square miles. EDUCATION — Present system of public schools established 1884. School age, 5-20. Number pupils in pubhc schools, 18,215 : in private schools, 4,664. University of New Mexico, Santa Fe. CIVIL "WAR. — New Mexico furnished 6.561 men : number deaths, 360. Nvunber pen- sioners in Territorv, 1891, 450. POLITICAL. -1 Territorial elections bien- nial, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, 12: Representatives, 24; term, 2 years ; sessions biennial, in even- numbered years; meets last Monday in Decem- ber, limit of session, 60 days. Number of voters, 44,951. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of Territory 6 months, of coimty 3 months, precinct 30 days. Pueblo Indians and convicts excluded. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, July 4, all days for fasting or thanksgiving, and December 25. Notes due on holidays are payable on the following business daJ^ LEGAL — Statutes of hmitation : Judg- ments, 15 years: open accounts. 4 years: notes, 6 years; redemption of tax sales, 3 years. Legal interest rate, 6 ; by contract, 12. COUNTIES. Land Counties. Ai'ea, Sq. Mis. Bernalillo, 1-5 8,628 Chaves, N-12 Colfax, E-12 6,600 Dona Ana, R-6-- -8,993 Eddy, R-13 Grant, R-2. 9,300 Pop. 1890. 20,913 7,974 9,191 9,657 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Guadalupe, K-13- Lincohi. 0-1 1.. -26,452 Mora. G-ll 4,000 Rio Arriba. F-6 ..7,1.50 San Juan. F-3 -..6.008 SanMiguel. 1-11.13,246 Pop. 1890. Counties. T^nd Area, Sq. Mis Pop. 1890. Santa Fe', 1-8- . ...2,292 13.562 7.081 Sierra, 0-4 .-.3,116 3.630 10,618 Socorro. M-4.. --15,476 9.595 11,534 Taos, F-8.... -.2.300 9,868 1,890 Valencia. K-5. ...8.900 13.876 24, .04 Total--. .122.460 153,593 134 HAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 135 ARIZONA. Ar-o-. Supposed, to be Aztec "Arizuma,"'' Kocky Country. HISTORICAL..— Country first visited by Spanish explorers. 1526. Spaniards established a fort on site of Tucson, 1580. Missions estab- lished by Jesuits in early part of seventeenth century. Countiy visited by American trai> pers, 18:^, and traversed by Greneral Fremont, 1849. Yuma, then Arizona City, laid out, 1854. Country set off from New 3Iexico and made a Territory, 1803. Capital estabhshed at Prescott, 1864; removed to Tucson, 1867; reestablished at Prescott, 1877; removed to Phoenix, 1889. AKEi»_, ETC. —Territory has 113,020 square miles — 112,920 square miles land and 100 square miles water. Extreme length. 375 miles; breadth, 340 miles. Entire countrj' chained by I the Colorado River and its tributaries. Two- i fifths of the area constitutes an elevated pla- teau, ranginff in height from 3,000 to 8,000 feet. In the northwest is the celebrated "Grand Caiion of the Colorado,'' formed by the pass- age of the Colorado River. Greatest elevatioii in the State, San Francisco Cone, height. ! nearly 12,000 feet. CL-IiMATE.— Temperature at Fort Grant: I Mean winter, 43°, extreme, 7°; siuumer, 78°, extreme, 102°; Prescott, winter, 32°. extreme, —18°; summer. 73°, extreme, 103°; Yuma, winter, 54°, extreme, 22°; summer, 92°, ex- treme, 118°. Average annual rainfall: Fort Grant, 16.5 inches; Prescott, 16.4 inches; Yuma, 3.1 inches. POPULATION.- Arizona ranked forty- [ sixth in population in 1870, forty-fourth in 1880, and forty-eighth in 1890. Total popula- tion,1870,9,6.58; 1880,40,440; 1890,59,620. Classi- fication: 3Iale, 36,.571 ; female, 23,049; native, 40,825; foreign, 18,795; white. i3.5,.580; colored, 4,040 — Africans, 1,357; Chinese, 1,170; Japa- ne.se, 1; Indians, 1.512. PRINCIPAL, tJITIES.— Tucson, settled in the middle of the sixteenth century, the largest town, populatiun, 5,150; Phoenix, the capital, center of trade for important agricult- ural and mining districts, population, 3,152, an increase of 84.54 per cent, during past dec- ade; Tombstone, an important mining and I stock-raising center, population. 1,875; Yuma, I population, 1,773; Presc,ott. 1,759. AGRICULTURE, ETC. — Central and Southeastern Arizona have many fertile and productive valleys. Latest reports give cereal products: Wheat, 395,000 bushels: barley, 252,- 992 bushels; Indian corn, 82, .535 bushels; oats, 33,996 bushels. Fruit culture an important ; and growing industiy. Soil and climate both adapted to the production of semi-tropic fruits and nuts. Fruits of Southern Arizona ripen two to three weeks earlier than those of Cali- fornia, enabhng the producer to market his crop without competition. State has 87 acres under almond trees and 570 under oranges. Fruit production, 1889, 30,000,UU0 pounds— 5,700,000 grapes. LIVE STOCK — The productive valleys of Arizona abound in rich grasses, the Territory ranking high in stock- raising. Latest returns give number and value of animals: Horses, 51,658, S2,066..320; mules, 1..3.36, S~4,816; milch cows, 17,797, §444,925; cattle. 761,2.t4, §11,418,- 810; sheep, 611,452, $1,406,340; swine, 20,140, §108,7.56. MINERALS. — Arizona is rich in mineral wealth. Mining, one of the oldest industries in the State, successfull}- conducted by Jesuits as early as 1736. Value of gold mined, 1890, 81.000,000; silver, §1,292,929. Total amount gold and silver deposited at mints and assay oflices since organization, §19,07.5.493— $5,227, - 568 goLl, $13,H47.924 silver. Arizona ranks third as a producer of copijer; ores are rich and easily reduced; total expenditures for producing the 31.362,685 pounds of 1889, $1,146,- 819. Value of lead mined in 1889, §98,747. Sandstone and limestone exist. RAILWAYS — Southern Pacific Railroad of Arizona chartered 1878, completed, Yuma to Casa Grande, 1879. Number miles in opera- tion, 1880, 349; 1885, C05; 1890, 1.094: January 1, 1892, 1,095. Territory has one mile of rad- way to each 103.72 square miles. EDUCAT10>.— Present school system es- tablished, 1868. School age. 6-18. Number pupils enrolled in public schoos, 7,828; in pri- vate .schools, 880; annual income, §201,288. Normal school at Tempe ; University of Ari- zona at Tucson. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— January 1, Febru- arj' 22, 3Iay 30, July 4, Thanksgiving, Decem- ber 25, Territorial or special election called bj' the Governor. POLITICAL — Ten-itorial elections bien- nial, Tuesday after first Monday in November. ' Number of Senators, 12: Representatives, 24; term, 2 years; sessions biennial, in odd-num- bered years, meeting second Monday in Feb- ruary; limit, 60 da5's; number voters, 23.696. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of Territory 6 months, of county, town, and pre- cinct 10 days. Idiots, insane, and convicts ex- cluded. ' LEGAL. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ment?, 5 years; open accounts, 2; notes, 3; redemption of tax sales, 1 year; legal interest rate, 7; by contract, no hmit. COUNTIES. Land Area, Sq. Mis. ,.-21,060 .- 6,004 Counties. Apache, G-13 Cochise, R-13 Coconino, F-7 Gila,M-ll 3,212 2,021 Pop. 1890. 4,281 6,9:38 Counties. Graham, 0-13. Maricopa, N-6 Mohave, G-3.. Land Area, Sq. Mis. .- 6,152 ,. 9,892 .11,332 Pop. 1890. 5,670 10.986 1,444 Pima, R-8 10,596 12,673 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Pinal, P-9 5,300 Yavapai, J-0 29,236 Yuma, N-2 10,136 Total. ...112,920 Pop. 1890. 4.251 8.685 2;671 59,620 136 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 137 id izi o o« a OS 02 138 RAND. McNALLY & CO.'S CALIFORNIA. Kal-e-for'ne-ah. "Golden State." Supposed to be Arabic "Khalafa," to succeed. HISTORICA L — Earliest explorations made by Spanish navigators, 1542. First per- manent settlement made by Franciscan friars at San Diego, April 11, 1769. Spanish rule lasted until declaration of Mexican independ- ence, 1822. Country ruled by Mexico, 1822 to 1846. Pioneers from United States began en- tering the country, 1825. Fremont exploring expedition entered in 1844. United States military rule established, July, 1846, continued to December, 1849. State constitution ratified, November, 1849. State admitted into the Union, September 9, 1850. Eighteenth to enter after formation of government. AREA, ETC.— California, the second State in size. Total area, 158,360 square miles ; land, 155,980 square miles ; water, 2,380 square miles ; extreme length, 770 miles; extreme breadth, 330 miles. Length of coast line, 850 miles. San Francisco Bay, finest harbor on Pacific Coast. Greatest elevation. Mount Whitnej^ 14,800 feet. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Red Bluff: Mean winter, 46°, extreme, 18"^; summer, 82°, extreme, 112°; Sacramento, winter, 46°, ex- treme, 19°; summer, 72°, extreme, 108°; San Diego, winter, 54°, extreme, 32°; summer, 67°, extreme, 101°. Avei-age annual rainfall: Red Bluff, 25.7 inches; Sacramento, 21.9 inches; San Diego, 11.2 inches. POPULATION.— Cahfornia ranked twen- ty-ninth in population in 1850, twenty-sixth in 1860, twenty-fourth in 1870 and 1880, and twen- ty-second in 1890. Total population, 1850, 92,.597; 1860,379,994; 1870,560,247; 1880,864,694; 1890, 1,208,130. Classification: Male. 700,0.59; female, 508,071: native, 841,821; foreign, 366.- 309; white, 1,111,672; colored, 96,458— Africans, 11,322; Chinese, 72,472; Japanese, 1,147; In- dians, 11, .517. PRINCIPAL CITIES. — San Francisco, the metropolis, one of the leading ports in the United States, population, 298,997; Los Ange- les, the second city in size, center of the fruit and wine tratle of Southern California, popu- lation, 50.395. Oakland, an important railroad center, opposite San Francisco, has 48,682 in- habitants; Sacramento, the capital, popula- tion, 26,386; San Jose, center of an important agricultural and horticultural district, popu- lation. 18,060. URBAN POPULATION In 1890, twen- ty-five cities and towns had a population of over 3.000. Greatest numerical increase dur- ing decade shown in San Francisco— 65,038 or 27.80 per cent. Increase of Los Angeles, 39,- 212. or 350.64 per cent.; Oakland, 14,127, or 40.88 per cent. Percentages of inci'ease great- est in Pasadena, Fresno, San Diego, Santa Ana, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino. AGRICULTURE.— All products of tem- perate and semi-tropic climates produced in abundance. Production of cereals one of the chief industries of the State; wheat culture most important; barley product of California equals one-fourth of total production of United States. Latest reported productions: Wheat, 36,595,000 bushels; barley, 17,548,380 bushels; corn, 5,571,000 bushels; oats, 2,416,000 bushels; rye, 243.871 bushels; hay, 79,362 tons, value, $434,933. State ranks third as a pro- ducer of hops; in avei'age yield per acre ranks first; production, 1890, 6,547,338 pounds, average yield, 1,048 povmds. HORTICULTURE State has 12,662,640 fruit trees, exclusive of nuts, berries, and citrus fruits. In the extent cultivated, peach and apricot lead, while the pear is one of the most profitable fruits grown; prune growing an important branch of fruit culture. Santa Clara County, center of industry, produced 15,000,000 pounds in 1889. California has 78,- 616 acres under semi-tropic fruits and nuts, 38,367 acres oranges. Total number bearing trees, 2,652,021— orange, 1,153,881. Products and values, 1889: Oranges, 1,245,047 boxes, value, $2,271,616; lemons, 305,598, $537,852; almonds, 15 251,098 pounds, $1,525,109; figs. 11,190 816, $298,421: Madeira nuts, 13,802,400, $1,242,216; ohves, 9,6.59,208 pounds, $386,368. Olive culture a successful industiy. Olive plantations contain 607,377 trees — 278,380 bear- ing. Olive oil and pickled olives of California are of excellent quality. VITICULTURE. -A great and growing industry, California leading all other States. Grapes are produced in nearly all the 54 coun- ties in the State. State has 155,272 acres imder bearing vines and 45,272 acres under new vineyards. Products, 1889: Grapes, sold for table use, 77,570,000 pounds; wine made, 14,626,000 gallons; raisins produced, 1,372,195 boxes. Estimated wine product, 1890, 16,.50O,- 000 gallons; raisins, 2,197,463 boxes. Largest vineyard in the world at Tehama, area, 3,800 acres. LIVE STOCK, ETC — Climate well adapt- ed to the rearing of farm animals. State being chiefly noted for its sheep Number and value of farm animals, 1891 : Horses, 415,059, $26,- 010,045; mules, 54,574, $4,077,548; milch cows, 290,521, $7,829,541; cattle, 602,904, $10,481,663; sheep, 4,083,541, $9,884,211; swine, 512,424, $2,741,675. Woolchp, 1890, 34,854,000 pounds; shipments, 29,000,000, value, $6,500,000. Re- ceipts of California butter at San Francisco, 11,078,200 pounds; cheese, 4,272,000 pounds; eggs, 2,665,933 dozen. Honey an important product; number beehives, 55,043, value, $65,- 244; products, 2.000,000 pounds strained honey, 200,000 pounds comb honey, 30,000 pounds MINERALS — One of the richest mineral regions in the world. Gold mines the most important, first discovered, 1B48; value of production up to close of 1890, $756,342,126. California ranks first among gold-producing states; value of product, 1889, $12 586,720; silver product, 1,062,578 ounces, value, $1,373,- 807. State produces more than one-fourth the world's supply of quicksilver; production, 1889, 26,000 flasks, value, $1,190,000. Of the 9,500.000 pounds of borax produced in United States Cahfornia supplied 70 per cent. Coal NEW POCKET ATLAS. 139 mined chiefly in Amador and Contra Costa counties; output, 121,8:^0 tons, value, $288,232; petroleum fields lie in Southern counties, pro- duction. ;303,2:>0 barrels, value, $358,048. Cop- per, asphaltum, and antimony are produced. In the production of granite, State advanced from ninth place in 1880 to third in 1890, value of output, 1889, SI, 329,018; sandstone, §175,598; limestone, $516,780; marble, $87,030; slate, $18,000. Li 13 MBER."^^ Lumber industry one of the oldest and most important in the State, being one of its greatest sources of wealth; most valuable timber region, redwood belt of Coast range. Industry dates to 1838; first sawmill erected on Bodega Bay, 1843. Estimated area of timber regions, 11,000,000 acres. Amount of redwood, fir, and pine cut annually, 500,000,- 000 feet. Lumber received from all points at San Francisco, 1889, 463.153,193 feet— 301,894,- 864 feet pine, 161,258.329 feet redwood. FISHERIES.— CaUfornia leads in Pacific Coast fisheries. > Capital invested, $2,684,210; number employed, 5,338; vessels, 1:^4; boats. 4,101; value of all products, $4,463,369: fish. $1,091,398; whale and seal products, $2.490.;373; all others, $881. .598. ^^^lale fishery becoaiing a prominent industry. State has 8 salmon canneries; number cases packed, 1889, 74,822, value, $464,232. MANUFACTURES State has 20 estab- lishments engaged in textile industries— 10 wool, 1 cotton, 9 silk. Capital invested in woolen manufactures, $2,661,480; number em- ployes, 1,375; wages paid, $328,824; cost of materials used, $822,961; value of products, $1,421,903. Silk industry: Capital, $112,283; employes, 214; materials u.sed, $144,672: prod- ucts, $271,912. Manufactures chiefly center at San Francisco. City reports 201 industries; 3,965 establishments: capital invested, $65,- 612,049; employes, 46.a50; wages, $29,860,057; cost of materials, $77,188,061; products, $131,- 263,713. CIVIL. "WAR. — Calif ornia furnished a total of 15,725 men. Aggregate number of deaths. 573. Number pensioners on the rolls, 1891, 8.004. RAILTVAYS — First railway in State, Sac- ramento Valley, incorporated, 1852; eight miles completed, 1S55; road opened for busi- ness—Sacramento to Folsom. 23 miles— 1856. Number of miles in 185.5, 8: 1860. 23; 1865, 214: 1870, 925: 1875. 1,503; 1880. 2,195: 1885, 3,045; 1890, 4,336; January 1, 1892, 4,484. State has one mile of railway to each 30.85 square miles. EDUCATION — State has a good system of public schools. Number pupils enx'oUed in pubUc schools, 221,756: expenditures, $5,119.- 097; more per capita than any other State. School age, 5-17. Number of pupils in private schools, 24,843. State has 13 colleges. State University, Berkeley, chartered, 1868. Lick Obsei-A'atory on Moimt Hamilton, transferred to Universitv. 1888. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.- January 1. Febru- ary 22, May 30, July 4, September 9, Thanks- giving, December 25, State or general election. When any holiday falls on Sundaj', the Mon- day following is a holiday. POSTAL — Total number postoffices, 1,403; number presidential offices, 91 — 5 first-class: 14 second-class: 72 third-^lass; number fomth- class oflices, 1,312; money order, 307. POLITICAL.— State, congressional, and presidential elections, Tuesclay after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, 40; Representatives, 80; sessions biennial, in odd-numbered years, meeting first 3Iouda.y in January; limit of session, tK) da j^s; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives, 2 years. Number of electoi-al votes, 9; number voters, 462,289. Voters must be actual citizens, residents of State 1 year, of county 90 days, of precinct 30 days; registration' required. Idiots. Chinese, and convicts excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments, 5 years: open accounts, 2: notes, 4; redemption of tax sales, 1 year. Legal inter- est rate, 7; by contract, no limit. COUNTIES. Land p Counties. Area, f^' Sq. Mis. ^^^• Alameda, F-12.. 704 93,864 Alpine, 1-7 755 667 Amador, 1-6 568 • 10,320 Butte, F-4 1,720 17,939 Calaveras, J-6..- 980 8,882 Colusa, G-3, 2,450 14,640 ContraCosta,D-ll 810 13,515 Del Norte, C-2. . .1,500 2,592 El Dorado, H-6. 1,790 9,232 Fresno, L-7 8,010 32,026 Glenn, G-3 Humboldt, E-1.. 3,570 23,469 Inyo, M-10 10,020 3,544 Kern, 0-8 7,971 9,808 Lake, H-3 1,125 7,101 Lassen, E-6 4,890 4,2.39 Los Angeles,Q-9- 4,000 101,454 Marin, C-8 590 13,072 Mariposa, K-7-.. 1,570 3,787 Mendocino, G-2. 3.694 17,612 Merced , K-6 2, 270 8, 085 Land p Coimties. Area, t^^^;' Sq. Mis. ^^*^- Modoc, C-5 .4,198 4,986 Mono, J-8 3,384 2,002 Monterey, N-5-. 3,452 18,637 Napa, A-10 850 16,411 Nevada, G-6.... 1.000 17,369 Orange, R-10...- 740 13,589 Placer, H-5 ....1,492 1.5,101 Plumas, F-5 2,720 4,93:3 Sacramento, B-14 1,010 40,339 San Benito, M-5.1,000 6,412 San Bernardino, P-12 .21,000 25,497 San Diego, S-12. 14,548 34,987 San Francisco, K-3 50 298,997 San Joaquin, D-14 1,380 28,629 San Luis Obispo, 0-6 3,404 16,072 Land p Counties. Area, fj^S" Sq.Mls. ^^•^• San Mateo, H-10. 460 10,087 Santa Barbara, P-6 .2,380 15,754 Santa Clara,I-13. 1,380 48,005 Santa Cruz. J-11 425 19.270 Shasta, D-4 3,960 12,133 Sierra, G-6 900 5,051 Siskiyou. C-3.-.. 5,680 12.163 Solano, B-12..-. 960 20,946 Sonoma, 1-2.... 1,548 32,721 Stanislaus. K-5.. 1,486 10,040 Sutter, H-4 590 5,469 Tehama, F-3.... 2,988 9.916 Trinity, E-2 3,000 3,719 Tulare, M-8 5.592 24,574 Tuolumne, J-6.. 2,048 6,082 Ventura, Q-S.... 1,682 10,071 Yolo, H-4 972 12,684 Yuba, G-5 714 9,636 Total.---155,980 l,208,lg0 140 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 141 NEVADA. Ne-vah'dali. '•Silver State.* » Spanish— White with Snow. HISTORICAL, — Previous to Mexican War formed an uninhabited portion of the Depart- ment of CaUf ornia. Territory' ceded to United States, February 2, 1848. First explora- tions conducted in 183.3. First attempted stt- tlemeuts, 1840; first pernuinent settlement made at Genoa, in Carson Vallej', 18.50. Prior to 1859 inhabitants chiefly Mormons; discov- ery of Comstock silver mines in that year in- duced a great inimigratio;i. Nevada Terri- tory organized, March, 18G1. State admitted into the Union, October 31, 1864. AREA, ETC.— 110,700 square miles: land surface, 109, 710 square miles; water, 960 square miles; extreme length, 485 miles; length of western boundary, 210 miles; extreme breadth. .310 miles. Principal rivers, Humboldt, Truckee, Carson, and Walker. Along the various streams extend rich, fertile valleys and manj' natural meadows. Greatest elevation, ^\Tieeler Peak, 13,036 feet; lowest, 945 feet. Lake Tahoe, one of largest lakes in the West— 22 miles long, 12 miles wide— hes 6,208 feet above the level of the sea. CLIMATE.— Temperature at Winnemuc- ca: Mean winter, 2f<°, extreme, —28"; summer, 72°, extreme, 104°; average annual ralnfaU, 8.6 inches. POPULATION. — Nevada ranked forty- first in population in 1860, fortieth in 1870, forty-third in 1880, and forty-ninth in 189u. Total population, 1860, 6,a57; 1870, 42.491 ; 1880, 62,266; 1890, 45,761. Classification: Male. 29.- 214; female. 16,.547; native. 31.055; foreign, 14 - 706; white, 39,084; colored, 6,677— Africans, 242: Chinese, 2,8^ii: Japanese, 3; Indians, 3 599. ' PRINCIPAL CITIES Virginia City, the commercial metrop.Iis, population. 8.511 : Car- son City, the capital, population, 3 9.50: Eure- ka, Austin, Tuscarora, and Winnemucca are the only interior towns of anv prominence. AGRICULTURE — Where irrigation is practicable, valleys and natural meadows highly productive. Nearly all cereals; hay, and vegetables are grown. All fruits of tem- perate climate, of fine quality, produced abundantly. Irrigated crop areas exceed those of any other State. Irrigated area, un- der crops, 1890, 224.403 ^cres. Out of a total of 1,341 farms, 1,167 contain irrigated crop areas. Crops chiefly forage: agriculture large- ly an adjunct to stock-raising. Latest reports give cereal products: Wheat. 32:^.801 bushels: barley, 237,192 bushels; oats, 99,126 bushels. LIVE STOCK.— One of the most profita- ble and, next to mining, the leading industry of the State. B. ef and mutton produced are of exceptional quality. Sui^erior climate of Nevada renders it the equal of Kentucky as a natural home for rearing fine horses and cat- tle. Live stock, 1891: Horses, 57,757, value, $2,471,975; milch cows. 14,903, ^09,833; cattle, 317,498, ^,689,446: sheep. 504.710, $1,256,223; swme, 12.626, S86,107. MINERALS.— From 1871 to 1879 Nevada occupied the leading place in production of the precious metals State now occupies third place. Output, 1889: $3,506,295 gold; silver, 4,696,605 ounces, value, $6,072,241. Comstock lode discovered, 1859; aggregate gold and silver yield to 1889, $342,966,668. Lead, copper, and manganese are produced. Salt, soda, and borax are fotmd in inexhaustible quantities. Granite and sandstone quarried in small quantities. CIVIL AVAR. - State furnished 1,080 men ; number deaths, 33. Number x>ensioners on the rolls, 166. RAILWAYS. — Fu^t engine of Central Pacific entered State, December. 1867: track completed to Reno, ]\Iay, 1868. Total nmnber miles railwav operated in State, 1867, -SO; 1870, ,593; 1875, 650; 1880, 739; 1885, fM8; 1890, 9-2;J; January 1, 1892, 965, or one mile of lail- wa3' to each' 114.71 square miles. EDUCATION. — Latest reports give number pupils in public .schools, 7,387; school age, 6-18. Number pupils in private schools, 403. . State University at Reno. LEGAL HOLIDAYS.— Januarj' 1, Feb- i-uary 22, July 4, Thanksgiving, and December 25. POLITICAL. — State elections biennial, state, congressional. and presidential elections, Tuesday after first Monday in November. Number of Senators, 20: Representatives, 40; sessions bieiiiiial, in odd-numbered years, meets first Monday in January; limit or session, 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years; Representatives. 2 years. Number of electoral votes, 3: numlx'r voters, 20,9,51. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, residents of State 6 months, of coimty 30 days; registra- tion required. Idiots, insane, and convicts e.xclufled. LEG. A L. — Statutes of limitation: Judg- ments. 6 years: open accoimts. 4: notes, 6; redemption of tax sales, none. Legal interest rate, 7; by contract, no Umit. COUNTIES. Counties. ChurchiU, H Douglas, K-2 Elko. C-11 Esmeralda, M-5.. Eureka, G-9 Land Area, Sq. Mis. 4,852 892 17,652 8,540 4,150 Pop. 1890. 703 1,551 4,794 2.148 3.275 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Hmnboldt, D-5. .16.580 Lander, H-8 5.296 Lincohi, P-12 17.680 Lyon, J-3 1,264 Nye, N-8 16,908 Pop. 1890. 3,434 2.266 2,466 1,987 1,290 Land Covmties. Area, Sq. Mis. Omisby, J-2 144 Storey," 1-2 270 Washoe. E-2 5.620 White Pine, 1-12 . 9,892 Total 109,740 Pop. 189t>. 4,883 8,806 6,4;37 1.721 45,761 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S ^ n P Q E3 (« Q •7 M J a a o« NEW POCKET ATLAS. 143 OREGON. Derived from Spanish " Oregano Or'-e-gon. "Bearer State." HISTORICAL. — Name signifies thyme, an herb found in abundance by the early explorers. First explorations made by Capt. Gray, of Boston, in 1792. Astoria established by Pacific Fur Company, in isii. First settle- ments in the valley of the Willamette made in 18:34; Territory organized in 1848: constitution adopted Nov. 9, 1857; entered the Union Feb. 12, 1859, being the twentieth State admitted. AREA, ETC. -Area 96,0:30 square miles; land surface, 91, .560 square miles; water, 1,470 square miles; average length, 360 miles; breadth, 260 miles. Columbia, the principal river, forms 320 miles of boundary; together with six tributaries drains 53,000 square miles of State. Cascade Mountains divide State into two unequal parts. CLIMATE. —Portland: elevation 88 ft.; temperature— spring, 51 9"; summer, 64. S''; autumn, 52.8'^; winter, 40.8"; average annual rainfall, 52.2:3 inches. Roseburg: elevation, 52:3 ft.; temperature — spring, 51.5"; summer, 61.2°; autumn, 51.9°: winter, 41.6°; average annual rainfall, ;35.05 inches. POPULATION. -Oregon ranked thirty- fourth in populatii^n in 1850, thirty-sixth in 1860, thirty-eighth in 1870, thirty-seventh in 1880, and thirty-eighth in 1890. Total popu- lation, ia5ii, 13,294; 1860, 52.465; 1870, 90.92:3; 1880, 174,768; 1890, 313,767. Classification: Male, 181,840; female, 131,927; native, 2.56.450; foreign, 57,31 -"; white, :301,7.58; colored, 12,009— African, 1,186; Chinese, 9, .540; Japanese, 25; Indian.s, 1,258. PRINCIPAL CITIES.— Portland.metrop- olis, a port of entry, and outlet of the large.st and most productive valley on Pacific slope; population, 62,046. Astoria, port of entry; flourishing city of 6.184 inhabitants. Salem, capital — population. 4.515. Burns. La Grande, Lakeview, Oregon City, Roseburg, and The Dalles are land offices. AGRICULTURE. — Ranks second on Pacific slope in cereal jjrodiictions. Wheat, the most important product, 13.149.000 bushels grown in 1891; oats rank second, product, 6.000,000 bushels; ranks fourth in hops, area 1S90, :3.223 acres ; yield. 3,811. :349 pounds. LIVK STOCK. -Climate and natural grasses peculiarly adapted to sheep and stock raising. Number farm animals, 1891. :3,817.879. COUN 5: I value, $32,409,302. Cattle, 762,728, value, $13,- 079,;341. Sheep. 1860,86.0.52; 1870, 318,123: 1880, 1.08:3.162; 1890, 2.929,8:30: value, S5. 491,789. Wool product. 1890, 7,500,000 pounds. FISHERIES. — State ranks second in importance in Pacific coast fisheries. Capital invested, 8:2,296.632; value of yield, $1,0:33.574. Ranks first in the c.-anuing of .-almon; number of factories, 34; 320,822 ca.ses packed; value. $1,901,617. MINERAL WEALTH. -Mineral wealth very great. Deposits, in order of imjortance. are: Coal, iron ore. gold, copper, quicksdver, fire and other clays, chrome, silver, man- ganese, zinc. lead, and platinum. Value of gold mined in 1890, .$1,087,000; silver, Sl^9,l''9. Coal area covers several hundred square mil RAILWAYS.— Number miles 1890, 1, '27.95; one mile to each 66 72 square miles. Number miles 1870, 1.59; 1880, 508; 1887, 1,290; 1891, 1,503. STATE AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS School for Blind and Institute for Deaf and Dumb, Salem ; State Agricultural College, Corvalli.<; State Normal schools, Monmouth, Ashland, Drain, and Weston ; University of Oregon, Eugene City. Cost of mauitaining public schools, $880,000 ; number pupils enrolled in schools, 6:3,000 : school age, 4-20. LEGAL HOLIDAYS. -January 1, Feb- ruary 22, May W, first Saturday in June, Julj' 4, public fast, Thanksgiving, December 25, every general election day. POLITICAL. -General election, first Mon- day in June. Governor and State officers elected quadrennially, members of Les^islature and Congress biennially. Number Senators, 30; Representatives, 60; sessions, biennial in odd-numljered years; meeting second Monday in January, limit 40 days; term of Senators, 4 years. Representatives, 2 years. Number elec- toral votes, 4. Number voters, 111,744. Voters must be citizens of the United States, and residents of the State, 5 months; soldiers of the U. S. army, idiots, Chinese, insane, and convicts, unless pardoned, excluded. LEG.\L.— Statutes of limitations: Judg- ments or decree of any court, sealed instru- ments, recovery of real estate, 10 years; open accounts, 6 years. Legal interest, 8 ; by con- tract. 10 : usury forfeits principal and interest. TIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Baker, F 17 1,970 Benton, G-3... l.:370 Clackamas, D-7 1,684 Clatsop, A-3.- 815 Columbia, B-5. 693 Coos, L-2 1.750 Crook, I-IO.-.. 8.150 Curry, 0-2 1..590 Douglas, K-5-. 4,875 Gilliam, D-12.- 1,700 Grant, F-14...i 5,472 Pop. 1890. 6.764 8,650 1.5,2:3:3 10,016 .5,191 8.874 :3,244 1,709 11,864 3,600 5,080 Counties. Harney, L-14. Jackson. 0-5 . Josephine. O- Klamath, N-8 Lake, Ml 1.-.- Lane, 1-5 Linn, G-6 Malheur. L-18- Marion, E-6--. Morrow, C-13- Multnomah,C- Land Area, Sq. Mis. -10.600 - 2,880 3 1,605 5,520 . 8,040 . 3.860 . 2,700 - 9,936 . 8:30 . 2,020 6 440 Pop 1890. 2.559 11,4.55 4,878 2,444 2.604 15.198 16,265 2,601 22,9.S1 4,205 74,8S4 Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Polk,E-4 615 Sherman, C-11. 510 Tillamook, D 3. 1,.525 UmatiUa, C-15 2,885 Union, E-18---- 3,035 Wallowa. C-19. 2,890 Wa.sco, D-IO... 3,315 Washingfn,C-5 645 Yam Hill, E-4.. 640 Total 94,560 Pop. 1890. 7,a58 1,792 2,9.32 i:3,:381 12,044 3,661 9,183 11,972 10.692 313,767 144 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW poce:et atlas. 145 WASHINGTON. WOsh-ing-ton. "Chinook State." HISTORICAL — Explorations of Washing- ton and. Oreg.n coasts made by American navigators, ITOO. Columbia River explored b}^ Capt. Gray, 1792. Lewis and Clarke expedi- tion, 1805. Astoria established. 1811. Various settlements made Ijy missionaries, 1836-37. First important settlement made at New Mar- ket, now Tumwater, 1845. Territory organ- ized, March, 1853. State admitted into the Union, November, 1889. AREA, ETC.— 69,180 square miles; land surface, 66,880; water, 2,300. Extreme length, east and west, 360 miles; breadth, north and south, 210 miles. Columbia River, great natural feature of Eastern Washington, forms 300 miles of boundary between the State and Oregon. Greatest altitude is Mount Ranier, 14,441 feet. ClilMATE. — Temperature at Dayton : Mean winter, .30°, extreme —26°; summer, 68°, extreme, 109°; Olympia, winter, 38°, extreme, — 2°; summer, 62°, extreme, 97°. Average annual rainfall : Dayton, 27.8 inches ; Olym- pia, .52 1 inches. POPULATION.— Washington ranked for- tieth in 1860, forty-second in 1870 and 1880, and thirty-fourth in 1890. Total population 1860. 11,.594 ; 1870, 2-3.955; 1880,75,116; 1890, 349,390. Classification: Male, 217,562; female, 131.828; native, 259,385; Foreign, 90,005; white, 340,513; colored 8,877— Mricans, 1,602; Chi- nese, 3,260; Japanese, 360; Indians, 3,655. PRINCIPAL, CITIES.— Seattle, on Puget Sound, the largest city in the State, popula- tion, 42,837, an increase during the decade of 39,304 or 1,112.48 per cent.; Tacoma had, in 1880, a population of but 1.098; number of in- habitants, 1890, 36.006 ; Spokane Falls is the cent«r of the mineral districts of Eastern Washington, population, 1890, 10,922, increase since 1880, 19,572 or 5,592 per cent. Olympia, the capital, population, 4,698. AGRICDLTUKAL, ETC.— Wheat Is the most important cereal product; yield, 1891, 12,216,000 bushels, value, $9,161,775; oats, second in importance, yield, 6.744,000 bushels. Among hop-producing states Washington occupies second place. In 1890, 8,882.95') pounds were grown, value, $2,284,955. Climat<> specially adapted to fruit culture. All vari- eties (except tropical) are grown extensively. Number farm animals, \891, 1,554,776, value. CO UN $25,687,953. Wool growing an important in- dustry, clip of 1890, 4,-384,480 pounds. FORESTS, ETC — The vast forests of the State form one of the principal sources of its wealth. Estimated area of forest lands, 20,- 000,000 acres; standing timber, 389,365.000.000 feet. First saw -mill built at Tumwater, 1847. Production of mills, 1890, 1,321,400,000 feet of sawed lumber and 888,400,000 shingles. FISHERIES.— State ranks third in Paci- fic coast fisheries. Capital invested, $1,517,397, value of yield, 1889, $890,860. Ranks second in the canning of salmon ; number of factories, 21 ; cases packed, 226,393 ; value, $1,337,989. MINERALS.— Value of output of gold mines, 1890, $2O4,00i) ; silver, $90,025. Devel- oped coal lands have an area of 180,000 acres; output, 1889, 1,030,578 tons, value, $2,393,238. Value of sandstone quarried, $75,936; limt stone, $231,287. RAILWAYS.— First railroad in State, Walla walla and Columbia River, — incorpo- rated 1868, completed 1875. Number miles of road in operation, 187.5, 110; 1880, 289; 1885, 776 ; 1890, 1,998 ; Jan. 1, 1892, 2.230. EDUCATION — Number pupils enrolled in public schools, 55,432; in private schools, 4,382. School age, 5-21. Normal schools are at Ellens - burg and Cheney; University of Washington LEGAL HO l.IHAYS.— January 1, Feb- ruary 22, Decoration Day, July 4, first Monday in September, Thanksgiving, December 25, and general election. POLITICAL — State elections biennial. State, congressional, and presidential elec- tions, Tuesday after first IMonday in Novem- ber. Number of Senators, .34; Representatives, 78; term of Senators, 4 years. Representa- tives, 2 years ; .sessions Ijiennial, in odd-num- l)ered years, meets second Monday in .January; h'.uit of session, 60 days. Number of elec- toral votes, 4; number voters, 146,918. Voters must be citizens or declared intention, resident of State 1 year, of county 90 days, of precinct 30 days. No registration required. Indians not taxed excluded. LEGAL.— Statutes of hmitation : Judg- ments, 6 years ; open accounts, 3 ; notes, 6 ; redemption of ta.x sales, 1 year. Legal interest, 10 ; by contract, no limit. TIES. Land Counties. Area, Sq. Mis. Adams, J-16 1,908 Asotin, M-19 640 Chehalis,J-3 2,104 Clallam, F-3 l,8-.*4 Clarke, 0-6 648 Columbia, M-1 8.. 864 Cowlitz, M-6 1,124 Douglas, 1-13 ...4,552 Franklin, L-15.-. 1,244 Garfield, L-19.... 672 Island. E-6 220 Jefferson, G-3.. -1,688 e Pop. 1890. 2,098 1,580 9,249 2,771 11,709 6,709 5,917 3,161 696 3,897 1,787 8,368 Land p Counties. Area, ta^' Sq. Mis. ^"^■ King, H-8.. 1,944 63,989 Kitsap, H-6 392 4,624 Kittitass, 111.... 3.344 8,777 Klickitat, N-11.. -2,176 -5.167 Lewis, L-7 ...2,308 11,499 Lincoln, H-16... .2,296 9,312 Mason, 1-4.. 996 2,826 Okanogan, E-12.. 7,258 1,467 Pacific, L-3 896 4,358 Pierce, J-7 1,-376 50,940 San -Juan, C-5.... 600 2,072 Skagit, D-8 1,910 8,747 Counties. Skamania, N-8- Snohomish, E-8 Spokane, G-19. Stevens, D-16.. Thurston, J 5.. Wahkiakum, M-4 Land Area, Sq. Mis. .1,636 .1720 .1,680 .6,194 . 768 244 Pop. 1890. WaUawalla, N-16 1,296 Wliatcom, B-8 ..2,468 AVhitman, J-19...2,124 Yakima. L-ll...-5,760 Total 66,880 774 8,514 37,487 4,-341 9,675 2 526 J 2, 224 18,591 19,109 4.429 349,390 146 RAND, McNALLY & GO'S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 147 ALASKA. A-las'ka. Indian, "Alakshak"— "Great Countrj'." HISTORICAL,.— Countrj' first visited by Russians, under command of Vitus Bering, 1741; first occupants, Siberian fur hunters. Chaiter granted Russian-American Fur Com- pany, 1799, gave monopoly of entire fur trade ; twice renewed; expired in 1864. First per- manent .settlement made at Sitka, 1801; Alaska purchased by United States, in May, 18G7, for §7,200,000; Alaska constituted a military dis- trict until 1884, when a District Government was provided. A District Court was estab- lished, and the Territory made a land district. Previous to 18H4 public land could not be pur- chased. The laws of Oregon are in force. AREA, ETC.— Total area, 577,390 square miles; extreme length, north and .south, 1,1(J0 miles ; breadth, east and west. 800 miles. Area includes 27,890 square miles, which represents the islands. Coast line, including islands, 26,8(>4 miles. Mount St. Elias, over 17,000 feet in height, is the highest point in North America, Yukon, the largest river, 1,600 to 2.ud rivers, are among the richest an : most important in the world. Number of vessels and boats engaged in the industry, 30,872, value, $3,077,136; number me s 63,7:^5; capital invested, $7,372,641; total value of yield, $17,714,902. Value of principal kinds: Cod, $.3,433,.5S0; salmon, $3,036,569: herri'i , $1,9.58,492; lobsters, $1,618,.344; mackerel $1,- .524,976; whitefish, $767,657; trout, $625,286. FORESTS The chief wealth of the coun- try is in the forests. One-fourth the total value of the exports, or over $26,000,000, is represented by the products of the forests. In 1889, $2,211,127 dues were paid on 1,608,890,- 647 feet of lumber and 5,743,868 cubic feet of timber. FURS. — The fur trade is still an important one, furs being at present the chief commer- cial product of the vast extent of territory in the northern jmrt of the center of the Domin- ion. Total number of skins received at Mont- real by the Hudson Bay Company in 1890, 130,346. Most important, beaver, 20.000; mar- ten, 17,000; mink, 7,000; lynx, 4,400; otter, 3,000; muskrat, 72,000. Total number receiv- ed 1887-90, 515 603. MINERALS. — Mineral resources of the Dominion extensive and widely distributed. Amon^ the principal minerals mined are gold, silver, iron, lead, copper, coal, and petroleum. Total value of mineral production for 1889, $19,500,000. Output of coal mines, 2,719,478 tons, value, $5, .584, 182; iron, 73.231 tons. $2,- 76.3.062; gold, 72,328 ounces, $1,295,1.59; silver, .383,318 ounces, $:348,848 ; copper, 6,809,752 pounds, $885,424; petroleum, 639,991 barrels, $612,101 ; asbestos, 6,113 tons, $426 5.54. Output of stone quarries, 341, .3.37 cubic yards of build- ing stone, value, $913,691. MANUFACTURES.— Among the leading industries are the manufactui'ing of agricult- ural implements, caniages, wagons, railroad rolling stock, fui'niture, cottons, woolens, leather, etc. Total number of industrial estab- lishments in the Dominion, 1891, 75,768; capital invested, $353,836,817; number of employes, .307.865; wages paid, $99,762,441; cost of material used, $255,983,219; value of prod- ucts, $475,445,705; nvmiber of establishments, 1881, 49,923; capital invested, $165,302,623; em- ploye's, 2.54,935; wages paid, $.59,429 002; cost of materials used, $179,918,593; value of prod- ucts. $309,676,068. POSTAL AND BANKS.— In 1890 there were 7,913 post offices; number letters trans- mitted, 94,100,000; newspapers, 70,983,121. Post NEW POCKET ATLAS. 149 ofiBce banks numbered 494; depositors, 112,321 ; balances, $21,990,6S3; 1870, banks numbered 226; depositors, 12,178; balances, $1,588,848. Ill 1890 there were 39 chartered banks: paid- up capital, $59,569,765: deposits, S136,187,515; assets, S254,628,694; liabilities, $174,501,422. Railways. — First railway in Dominion begun 1835, oi)ened 1836. It extended a dis- tance of 16 miles from La Prairie, Quebec, to St. Johns. First operated by horse-power, which gave place to locomotives, 1837. In 1867 there were 2,258 miles of road in operation ; in 1875, 4.826 miles; in 1880, 6.891 miles; in 18S5. 10,1.50 miles; in 1890, 1.3,256 mdes, with a total of 14,004 mUes completed. Paid-up capital, $786,447,812; working expenses, 832.913,350; earnings, $46,843,826; passengers carried, 12,821,262; freight handled, 20,787,469 tons. Government expenditure on railways was $4,122,724; on canals, $1,189,644. Up to 1889 the Dominion had sjient §55,085.712 upon canals. EDUCATION AND RELIGION. —As early as 1846 free and compulsory education was organized in the old Province of Canada. In 1867, educational control was placed in the hands of the governments of the several prov- inces. In 1890 the total number of pupils in the public, high, normal, and model .schools was 998,823; average attendance for the year, 569,136; number of teachers, 21,771; expendi- tures, S8,970,847. There are twenty-four col- leges in the Domiuion. There is no State Church. Principal religious denominations are Roman Catholic, 1.990,465 members; Meth- \ odist, 847,469; Presbyterian, 755,199; Church' of England, 644,106; Baptist, 303,749; Luther- ans, 63,979. GOVERNMENT. -The Dominion is com- ; posed of seven provinces, the District of Kee- watin and the territories. Form of govern- i ment follows closely that of Gi'eat Britain. Executive authoritj' is vested in the Queen, who is represented b}' the Governor General aided by a Privy Council of 14 members. The Legislative consists of a Senate of 80 mem- bers, appointed for life, and a House of Com- mons whose members are elected eveiy 5 years. Present House consists of 215 mem- bers. NEWFOUNDLAND. HISTORICAL. The Island, together with a portion of the Labrador Peninsula, forms a colony of Great Britain. Country first dis- covered by Cabot. 1497; visited by the Portu- guese navigator. Cortereal, 1500, who estab- lished the first regular fishery. Coast explored by Cartier, 1.534. In 1.583, country visited by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, who claimed it as a possession of Great Britain. Numerous Engli h and French colonies occupied portions of tiie Island until 1713, when it was declared a British possession. First Governor appointed, 172S; representative government granted, 18;i2: present constitution went into force, 1855. Capital, and principal city, St. John's, a city of about 30,000 inhabitants. AREA, POPULATION, ETC The esti- mated area is 40,200 square miles; length, 350 miles; average breadth, 130 miles. Population, census of 1884, 193,124—99,^44 males and 93,780 females. Area of Labrador Coast, 120,000 square miles; population, 4,211. Present pop- ulation of entire colony IENT.— Public affairs are ad- ministered through a Governor appointed by the Crown, assisted by an Executive Council of seven members, a legislative Council of not more than eighteen members, and a house of assembly of thirty-six representatives. 150 RAND, McNALLY & CO/S NEW POCKET ATLAS. 151 MAXITOBA. HISTORICAL — Province formed part of territory sold to Dominion by the Hjudson Bay Company. Formerly known as Red River Settlement, also Assiniboia. Local govern- ment in the hands of a Lieutenant-Grovernor, an Executive Council of 5 members, and a Legislative Assembly of 35 Representatives. Province has 3 Senators in the Dominion Senate, and 5 members in rhe House of Commons. AREA AJ^D CLIMATE.— Area, 73.956 square miles. Temperature at "Winnipeg: Mean ■winter. 1°; extreme, — 42.7°: summer. 60.3°, extreme, 93.2°; rainfall, 11.69 inches; snow, 62.9 inches; total precipitation, 17.98 inches. POPULATION, ETC. — Population of province, 1871, 2.5,228; 1881, 62,260; 1885, 108,&40; 1891, 152,505. Winnipeg, the capital and chief city, population, 25,642. Brandon, second city in size and importance, population, 3,778; pop- ulation Portage la Prairie, 3.:363. AGRICULTURK, ETC.— Chief indus- tries, agriculture and stock raising. Number of acres in wheat. 1890. 746,058; yield, 14.665,- 769 bushels; oats, 9,513.433 bushels; barley, 2.069,415 bushels; potatoes, 2,540,820 bushels; average yield per acre. 235 bushels. Num- ber industrial estabUshments. 1,029; capital, $.5,681,537; emploves, 4.375: value of products, SlO.126.082. Nuniber miles of railwav, 1,427. DISTRICT OF KEEWATJN.— The Dis- trict was organized in 1876. It has a separate government administered by the Lieutenant- Governor of Manitoba. Area. 282,000 square miles, of which 1,500 square miles are water. NORTHWEST TERRITORIES. HISTORICAL — Country held bv Hudson Bay Company. 1670 to 1870. In 1882, 398.281 square miles of territieutenant-Governor. an Advisory Council of 4 members, and a Legis- lative Assembly of 25 Representatives The Territories are represented in the Domin- ion Parliament bj- 2 Senators and 4 Repre- sentatives. AREA AND CLIMATE. -Area. 1.31:3,227 square miles. Country well watered by nu- merous lakes and rivers. Temperature at Regina: Mean winter, —2.4°. extreme, —.52°; summer, 59.2°, extreme, 96°; rainfall, 2.42 inrlies: at Qu" Appelle, 14.74 inches. POPULATION, ETC.— Population, 1881, 56,^W6; 1891, 98.967. Capital, Regina, in Assini- boia District, iwpulation, 2.200: Calgary most important town lietween Brandon, Man., and Vancouver. B. C. population. 3,876. AGRICULTURE, ETC.— Estimated area adapted for agricultm-e, over 6(K).0XNl--7*^\Vaufr\VowD '^ - '&, / (-^ ^ i A^ (§> ^i-yyttlc^ Scale oflSlatute'Miles A? 1 , -^ M ^ 1 — L (^ Jj ?i ^ 3i-<^ fi? rfr '>} '^ "^ xh^ iSW lOEGO ^ O B 10 90 30 4-0 SO 60 ^y.TEHRITOBY <^^XAK£r7!nrwoy •V ■ ^^^^ ailNTfE^SOTA^ Tower fV* .^^^-=s /f&JIesdham A £ p'lnswlck [House Col l/ 6 (o D I 8^ 1^ i ABIXXIBJ ?fi _J5l 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 154 RAND, McKALLY & CO.'S ONTARIO. HISTORICAL.— In 1615 Ciiamplain. visited Lakes Ontario and Nipissing, and in 1671 the district around Lake Huron was taken posses- sion of by Perrot. Niagara founded by La Salle, 1679. In 1 749 a fort was built at Toronto. Previous to 1791 country formed a part of Quebec ; in that year it was formed into the province of Upper Canada. In 1840 it was reunited with Quebec as the United Provinces of Canada; in 1867 it was again separated, and as Ontario became a chief province of the confederation. AREA, ETC.— Total number of square miles, 222,000. Length from southeast to northwest, 750 miles ; f lom northeast to south- west, 500 miles. Ai'ea of the Ontario frontier waters of the St. Lawrence and its great lakes, about 27,094 square miles. Surface of the country undulating rather than mountainous, and greatly diversified by numerous lakes and rivers. Pi'ovince has 5,945 miles of railway. CLIMATE. — Temperature at Toronto: Mean annual, 43.94°; mean winter, 2-3.23°, extreme, —9°; summer, 64.53°, extreme, 88°. London, mean annual, 44.^0°; mean winter, 23.43°, extreme, — 10°; summer, 66.18°, extreme, 89.1°, Ottawa, mean annual, 40.75°; winter, 13.33°, extreme, —22.9°; summer, 66.35°, ex- treme, 89.6°; average rainfall for the province, 28.44 inches. POPULATION — The most populous prov- ince of the Dominion. In 1871 there were 1,620,851 inhabitants; 1881, 1,926,922; 1891, 2,112,- 989, au increase of 186,067 or 9.65 percent.; native born, 1,710,703; foreign, 403,618. PRINCIPAL CITIES.— Toronto, seat of provincial government, metropolis of Western Canada, population, 181,220; Ottawa, seat of Dominion government, center of Ontario lumber trade, population, 44,154; Hamilton, on Lake Ontario, a prominent railway and manufacturing center, population, 48,980; pop- ulation London, 31,977; Kingston, an impor- tant naval station, population, 19,264. AGRICULTURE. — Agriculture is the chief industry of the province. Total area of farm lands, 1891, 22,535,983 acres, of which 11,802,847 acres were cleared. Total value of all farm property, $971,886,068- farm land, $6-21,245,223. Area vmder crops, 7,834,213 aci'es; under pasture, 2,721,281 acres. Production in bushels of staple field crops: Wheat, 32,584,- 026, value, $30,751,755; oats. 75,009,-542, $27,378,- 483; barley, 16,141,904, $7,925,675; Indian corn, 18,288,659, $5,687,773; buckwheat, 2,608,142, $1,150,191; rye, 1,1.34,630, $820,337: peas. 18,323,- 459, $11,690,367; beans. 769,600, $816,546; pota- toes, 24,055,886, $7,842,219; turnips, 68,853,452, $6,885,345. Hay, 2,392,798 tons, value, $28,498,- 2-24. LIVE STOCK, ETC — Stock-raising and dairy-farming are important and growing industries. Total value of live stock on farms, 1891, $108,721,076, an increase of $4,634,450 over that of 1890. Number of horses, 678,459; swine, 1,156,316; cattle, 1,978,815— 77.3,234 milch cows; sheep, 1,693,751. Number of domestic fowls, 7,006,090. Wool clip, 954,522 fleeces, weighing 5,498,141 pounds, an increase of 923,- 441 pounds over the clip of 1890; value, $1,066,- 639. There are 838 cheese factories in opera- tion ; total number of pounds of cheese made, 1891, 81,929,042, value, $7,656,484; an excess of 2,564,829 pounds above the product of 1890, and 13,000,000 pounds above the annual aver- age of nine years. Thirty-nine creameries produced 1,402,309 poimds of butter, valued at $287,559. Of the exports for 1890, animals and their produce constituted over one-fourth the total value, or $6,780,137; cheese, $2,155,307; eggs, $1,322,986. HORTICULTURE. — Total area under orchard and garden products, 187,832 acres. Climate and soil are well adapted to fruit cult- ure, and for many years fruit farming has been steadily growing in importance. The apple orchards of the southwestern counties are ex- tensive and very productive. Pears, plums, peaches, and small fruits of all kinds are abundant. In the district around Niagara and westward to the county of Essex are many large vineyards, orchards, and fniit gardens. LUMBER, FISHERIES, ETC. — The forests form one of the chief sources of wealth. Among the exports of 1890 forest products ranked first in value, the value of the lumber alon^ being $6,439,724. In 1b90 the province had 1,338 vessels and boats engaged in the fish- eries, value, $217,131; number men employed, 3,045; total value of catch, $2,009,637. Province ranks first in the extent and value of its man- ufactures. In 1891 there were 32,028 indus- trial establishments, wi.h 165,335 employes. There were nine cotton and 301 woolen milh. MINERALS.— Sudbury district contains extensive deposits of copper and nickel ; copper deposits among the richest in the world ; silver found at Isle Royal and on the shores of Lake Superior; production, 1889, 181,609 ounces', value, $162,309; iron of excellent quality is abvmdant; gold, galena, and zinc exist. Pe- troleum discovered, 1862; most productive dis- tricts. Oil Springs and Petrolia; production, 639,991 barrels; 13 refineries in the province. Salt largely produced, value of product, J 889, $172,547. Mica, serpentine, granite, marble, and sandstone exist in inexhaustible quantities. EDUCATION. — Control of education is vested in the Minister of Education. Compul- sory law for children between 7 and 13. There are 5,569 public schools, 115 high schools, 58 county model schools, 8 normal and provin- cial model schools; school population, 615,353; number pupils, exclusive of those in colleges and private schools, 514,304. Receipts for public school purposes, $4,456,352. Under the control of the Department of Education are 204 mechanics'' institutes and free hbraries, with 339,000 books and members. GO VERNMENT.— The public affairs of the province are administered by a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive Council of 8 members, and a Legislative Assembly of 90 members, elected every four years. Ontario sends 24 Senators to the Dominion Senate and 92 Repre- sentatives to the House of Commons. NEW POCKET ATLAS. 155 QUEBEC. HISTORICAI,.— Territory discovered by I Sebastian Cabot, 1497; first settlement by Europeans made, 1541, near Quebec, under Cartier; permanent settlement mal; phosphate of lime deposits extensive; $;355.9;35 worth shipped t to England, 1889. Coal is not foimd, but peat is abundant. MANUFACTURES — Quebec ranks second in the Dominion in the value and importance I of manufacturing industries. Total number i of industrial establishments, 23.112; capital invested, $116,969,581; number of employes, 116,830; wag s paid, $30,670,991; cost of materials used, $85,871,928; value of products, $1.53 195,189. Among the most impoi'tant of the manufactories are 5 cotton mills with 3,323 employes; 18 paper mills, 1,396 employes; 1.55 foundries and machine shops, 4.024 employes; 863 flouring and grist mills, 1,617 employes; 1.919 saw mills. 13,943 employes; 4 sugar re- fineries, 1,545 emploves. EDUCATION.— Quebec schools are under the control of a Superintendent of Education, assisted by a council of 35 meVnbers. Ed- ucation is based on religious teaching, the catechism in the Roman Catholic and the Bible in the Protestant schools being text-bojks. Total number schools, academies, colleges, and universities, 5.321; pupils and students, 259,125 —34,215 Protestant, 223,005 Roman Catholic. Average attendance at public, high, and model schools, 177,806; proportion, 69.47 per cent., a greater percentage than in any other province. GOVERNMENT.— The pubhc affairs of the province are vested in a Lieutenant Governor, appointed by the Governor Greneral of the Dominion, an Executive Council of 8 members, a Legislative CouncU of 24 members, appointed for life, and a Legislative Assembly of 65 members, elected by the people every 5 years. The province has 24 Senators in the Dominion Senate and 65 Representatives in the House of Commons. RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S NEW POCKET ATLxYS. 157 CtaniborayJ^rafabcttliouail a XesZ 'uce , <^ GOUCHE B Cap a <<., ^ -OTB / v/ V^"<^^>/^ ..rtli.-i«uBOi, , W'^r»>ns East^(^;g!4B E A U <- J^^^'-^ i/Sutton irr/ -I *T5 * ^ . ^ /ROM El/ .s>'*'STe41d ► \ 11 12 13 14 15 16 '»'7 ^ ,.iA\p ^llH^ Scale of Statute Miles. S 10 2p 30 40 S O 60 70 80 iiilHH]£ 1 '"^^^ 1=^ 1=^-4- sV JgnJ 'McVaTty j Co?Ynyr'«. Chicago^ 17 18 19 20 158 RAND. McNALLY & CO.'S -•^ -C r — ^ -i Hiverf Zdke/ A S vu-adsion ^reeu -River / ( \ '^ fSBSiverW. "/ fSJO \l # GranaTal^ /Grand Fall3( \0 te--^ tP Opres'iue Jsle ^- 37or«»e«! Bath ^o^^ /-^v' ^^. ""1 *' JaeiMmville o Y^:\'Vlyboiitock Tc. o Tay Houlton, 3entl roosyook ) / \ -J^^ - ^ // - \» 3uaouclie t ;!:;^l!oeoal Brinch Sta ^ / ^ "16avelo, ng ' ^— «^ — a, ■S"'^?* .J^^^fii- Mary 'sT/rr y/t _ \Cant«rbury^W^_fo5i^ ^^"3L^e \fl F R E O t *^ e^- =/vft- \S Jo A ^%fnmbarton"We5tfiel srsilc HAaV l ot t e EriB c«ojJ>£?.iy^v |5"**<&/«P*P re au^ \OotJhesii '?/-t4 uont TEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA AND JPBINCE EDWARD JSIiAND. Arcaaia, yarwmB. Sand BSaSlF 169' XoDgltiiae Vi NEW POCKET ATLAS. 159 P |e 'We»t't4 Jiom Greeowicli. '« Ifteou (ulsUnd igaaHsIand •^■^ C? XT Zi l«0° 2'. th Point PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND T^&U -S. ?="i^^e&i^ LikeJloiu}.- w? V^-^'^'* /ir^K^^^ ^sSl^ii'J^ St.Anareat "f. ^tiTouM jinso ^ > TiaSsoi 3o. ^Antrim * F'aiKT7y«\ r,''"^^^ ft. &, Salmon "o/^Kf "Oj. i> 4Sl o m > > "WCTt g4° from Greenwich. Scale of Miles. i 10 jD 80 40 50 60 10 80 »0 too \ti '^spytlght. 1890, by Rand, McNaUy&Co. lay" 'jBan3,Jfel7anr i Co., iSo!BWgr»., CTt. 160 RAND, McNALLY & CO/S NEW BRUNSWICK. HISTORICAL — First settled by the French in 1639. Constituted part of Acadia or New France until 1713, wlien it became a British possession. Became a separate colony , 1784; entered the Dominion, 1867. Government administered by a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive Council of 7 members, a Legis- lative Council of 17 members, and a Legislative Assembly of 41 B,epresentatives. Number Senators in Dominion Senate, 10; members of the House of Commons, 16. AREA AHiD CLIMATE.— Number of square miles. 28,200; extreme length, 230 miles; breadth, 190 miles; coast line, about 500 miles. Temperature at Fredericton: Mean winter, 173°, extreme —34°; summer, 62°, extreme, 91.7°; rainfall, 4.5 inches. FOPULATION, ETC In density of pop- ulation New Brunswick ranks third. Number of inhabitants, 1871, 285,594; 1881, 321,233; 1891, 321,270. Fredericton, the capital, population, 0,502; St. John, the commeicial metropolis, population, 39,179. Number pupils enrolled in schools, 68,221; average attendance, 33,482. Miles of railway in operation, 1,421. RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES Cli- mate and soil adapted to agriculture and stock-raising. Cereals, root-crops, garden- vegetables, and fruits are abundant. Value of forest products, $4,341,121. Shipments: Deals, 369,031,274 feet; square timber, 416,450 cubic feet. Fisheries employ 5,542 vessels and boats, and 11,139 men; value of products, $2,699,055. Number indu.strial establishments, 5,419; capital, $16,608,755; value of products, .$23,685,636. NOVA SCOTIA. HISTORICAL,.— Country visited by Cabot, 1497; first settled by French at Port Royal, (Annapolis), 1604; ceded to Great Britain, 1713; Nova Scotia entered the Dominion, 1867. Government administered by a Lieutenant Governor, an Executive Council of 7 mem- bers, a Legislative Council of 17 members, and a Legislative Assembly of 38 members. Prov- ince represented in the Dominion Senate by 10 Senators; in the House of Commons by 21 members. AREA AND CLIMATE Area, 20,600 square miles; extreme length of mainland, 350 miles; greatest breadth, 120 miles; coast line, 1 200 miles. Temperature at Halifax: Mean winter, 30.2°, extreme, — 4.8°; summer, 61.5°, extreme, 93°; rainfaU, 56.92 inches. POPULATION, ETC.— Province ranks second in density of population; proportion, 21 persons to the square mile. Total population, ! 1871 387,800; 1881, 440,572; 1891, 450,523. Hali- fax, the capital and chief city, population. 38,- 556. Number schools, 2,200; pupils, 103,688; ex- penditures, $612,919. There are 691 miles of railway in operation. AGRICULTURE, ETC.— Soil unsurpassed for fertihty. Excellent crops of the cereals, potatoes, turnips, and hay, are produced. Fruits grown bear a high reputation for excellence; climate fa voidable to the produc- tion of all fruits common to the temperate zone. RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES.— Fisheries employ 14,290 vessels and boats, with 27,6-'4 men; value of catch, 1890, $6,636,445. Vast tracts of woodland which pi'oduce great quantities of timber for ship-bufiding and the manufacture of lumber. Area of coal fields, 685 square miles; output, 1889, 1,967,032 tons; value, $3,073,489. Gold discovered, 1860; since then total yield has been $9,402,703; yield 1889, $510,029. Industrial establishments number 10,373; capital, $19,007,614; employes, 34,265; products, $30,243,683. PRINCE EDA¥ARD ISLAND. HISTORICAL. — Island discovered by Cabot, 1497; visited by Cartier, 1534, who named it Isle of St. John. First settled by the French, who ceded it to Great B itain, 1758. Attached to Nova Scotia until 1768. Name changed to Prince Edward, 1799; I'esponsible government granted, 1851; entered the Con- federation, 1873. Government vested in a Lieutenant Governor and an Executive Coun- cil, a Legislative Council of 13 members, and a Legislative Assembly of 30 Representatives. Province has 4 Senators in the Dominion Sen- ate, and 6 members in the House of Commons. AREA AND CLIMATE The smallest of the provinces; area, 2,000 square miles. Length, northwest to southeast, 105 miles; breadth varies from 4 to 34 miles. Tempera- ture: Mean winter, 16.9°. extreme, —21.4°; summer, 61°, extreme, 81). 5°. POPULATION, ETC.— Density of popu- lation more than double that of any other province; proportion, 51 persons to the square mile. Number of inhabitants, 1871, 94,021; 1881, 108 891; 1891, 109,080. Capital, Charlotte- town, has one of the finest harbors in the world, population, 11,374; population of Sum- merside, 2,783. Number public schools, 433; pupils, 22,905; average attendance, 13,089. Province has 211 miles of railway in operation. RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES.— Chief agricultural productions, wheat, oats, barley, potatoes, and tui-nips. Much attention l^aid to the rearing of farm animals. Value of total exports, 1890, $875,964; over one-third the sum, or $366,675, the value of animals and their produce; value of eggs exported, $236,490. Fisheries second in importance; value of total catch, $1,041,109; value of exports, $187,743. 162 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S ■2^^.~^ BARBADOS JAMAICA-^ '""^Ao'p'^o *BBin-^-^'"" Kingston ^^'Acp CARIBBEAN SEA NEW POCKET ATLAS. 163 NORTH AMERICA. Country. Bahamas, L-14 Barbados, M-14 Bermuda, M-11 Canada, H-8 Costa Rica, J-17 *Cuba, K-14 Cruatemala, 1-16 Haiti, L-15 Honduras, J-16 Hondm-as, British, J-1.5 Jamaica, K-15 Mexico, G-15- Newfovmdland. M-7... Nicaragua, J-16 Puerto Rico, M-14 Salvador, H-ir ------.. Santo Domingo, M-14. United States, F-11 ... Area, Sq. Miles. Popula- tion. 5,450 166 20 3,4.56,000 23,2;« 36.018 46.800 - 10,204 46,400 7,562 4,200 747. IKX) 42,200 49.500 3, .5.50 7,255 18,045 3.602,990 48.000 182,322 15.844 4,829,411 213,785 1,631,687 1,-394, 233 960,000 431,917 31,471 639,491 11,601,347 202,000 350,000 806,708 664,513 610.000 62.978.7.38 Government. British Colony. . British Colony... British Colony . . . British Colony . . Republic Spanish Colony. . Republic Republic Repubhc British Colony. . British Colony... Republic. British Colony... Republic... Spanish Colony. Republic Republic Republic, Exports. «! 840,605 5,968,615 1,-540,080 96.749,149 7,440,219 61,714,-395 10,412,300 14,475,000 2,422,522 1,438,450 9,727,325 48.887,950 6,353,840 1,718,209 13,024,730 5,479,600 2. .520, 983 872.270,283 Imports. I 1,112,.560 ! 6,021,945 687,630 121,858,241 4,582,012 12,224,888 5,522,599 18,-335,000 1,410,225 11,155,225 36,895.000 6,6^4,220 1,969,935 13,128,436 1,735,923 1.992,884 857,126,717 *Data only foi- Coiiiinerce with U. S. PRINCIPAL CITIES. City. Country. Baltimore, United States Belize, British Honduras Boston, United States.. Bridgetown, Barbados Brooklyn, United States Buffalo, " Charleston, " Chicago, " ... Cincinnati, " Cleveland, " Denver, " Detroit, " Galveston, " Godthaab, Greenland Guadalajara, Mexico Guatemala la Kueva, Guatemala ... Halifax, Canada Hamilton, Bermuda Havana, Cuba Kansas City, United States Kingston, Jamaica Leon, Mexico Los Angeles, United States Mauagu», Nicaragua Matanzas. Cuba Mexico, Mexico i.. Montreal, Canada Nassau, Bahama New Orleans, United States Pop. 434,439 .5,800 448,477 25.000 806,343 25.5,664 .54,955 ,4:iS,010 29(),908 261,-353 106,713 20.5,876 29,084 ;350 83,122 (i5,796 38, .556 8,000 2-30,000 :i8,316 40,000 120,000 .50,395 18,000 36,102 a50,000 216,6-50 5.0(X) 242,039 City. Country. Pop. New York, United States 1,5]5,-301 Ottawa, Canada 44,154 Philadelphia, United States .1,046,964 Pittsburg, " " 2;i8.617 Ponce, Puerto Rico 37,545 Fort au Prince. Haiti 20,000 Portland. United States 62,046 Puebla, Mexico 78,5-30 Quebec, Canada 6-3,090- Regina. " 1,681 St. Johns, Newfoundland 28,610 St. Louis, United States 451 , 770 St. Paul, " 133.1.56 Salt Lake City, " 44,843 San Francisco, " 298,997 San Jose, Costa Rica 25,000 San Juan, Puerto Rico 23,414 San Luis Potosi, Mexico 37,314 San Salvador, Salvador 16,327 Santiago de Cuba, Cuba 45,000 Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo ... 25,000 Sitka, United States 1,190 Tegucigalpa, Honduras 12,600 Toronto, Canada 181,220 Vancouver, " 13,709 Vera Cruz, Mexico 24,000 Victoria, Canada 16,841 AVashlngtou, United States 2-30,392 Winnipeg, Canada 2-5,639 country. principal exports. Bahamas— Tropical fruits, sponges, pearls. Barbados— Sugar, molasses, and rum. Bermuda— Onions, potatoes, and lily bulbs. Canada, Dominion of— Lumber, live stock, cheese, agricultural jn'oducts, fish, minerals. Costa Rica— Coffee, bananas, hides and skins, cocoanuts, cocoa, and dye woods. Cuba — Su2:ar, molasses, leaf tobacco, cigars. Guatemala — Coffee, hides, bananas, sugar, and rubber. Haiti— Coffee, cocoa, mahogany, logwood. Honduras— Cattle, hides, bananas, cocoanuts, mahogany, and india rubber. Honduras, British— Mahogany, dye-woods. COUNTRY. principal EXPORT.?. Jamaica— Sugar, coffee, and tropical fruits. Mexico— ^Mahogany, silver ore, hemp, sugar, and tobacco. Newfoundland— Fish, cod and seal oil. lobsters. Nicaragua— Coffee, india rubber, bananas, hides, and woods. Puerto Rico — Sugar, molasses, coffee, tobacco, and cotton. Salvador — Coffee, indigo, sugar, and cocoa. Santo Domingo — Sugar, coffee, cocoa, hides and skins, and dye-woods. United States — Cotton, cereals and flour, meat and dairy products, live stock, min- erals, and mineral oils. 164 RAND, McNALLY & CO/S ABODE FGHI JKL M NEW POCKET ATLAS. 165 SOUTH AMERICA. Country. Argentine Republic, F-13.--- Bolivia, F-IO.. Brazil,I-r Chile, D-1.3... Colombia, C-4 Ecuador, C-6 Guiana, British, G-4. Guiana, Dutch. H-4. . Guiana, French. 1-4. Paraguay, G-11- Peru. C-8 Uruguay. H-13 Venezuela, E-3 Area, Sq. Miles. 1,125,086 567.340 3,209,878 293.970 504,773 118,630 109,000 46,060 46,697 01,970 463.747 72,110 632,695 Popula- tion. 4.086.492 2,:j;33,3o0 14,002.3;35 3.115.815 3.878,600 1,220.000 278,477 57,365 25.796 560.000 2,971.844 648,299 2,550,385 Government. Exports. Republic RepubUc Republic Republic Repubhc Republic British Colony. Dutch Colony . French Colony Republic Republic Republic Republic :$100, 8, 173. 60. 14, lo! 1. 6, 29, 14, ,818.993 .759,700 530,812 158.347 591,029 057,761 520,335 415.790 724,480 097,848 600,677 085,519 633,014 Imports. $142,240,812 5.839,800 2.014,600 59,362.091 9,613,007 7,241,822 9,183,669 1,967,028 1,727,442 1,977.616 .0.190,555 23,399,625 12,124,089 PRINCIPAL CITIES. City. Country. Pop. Antofagasta, Chile 16..549 Arequipa, Peru ;35.000 Asuncion, Paraguay 24,8^38 Bahia, Brazil 1.50,000 Barquisimeto, Venezuela 31,476 Barranquilla, Colombia 20,000 Bogota, Colombia 1 10,000 Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic. .398,498 Callao, Peru._ 35,492 Campinas, Brazil 35,000 Campos, Brazil 40.000 Caracas, Venezuela 70.466 Cayenne, French Guiana 10,600 Chilian, Chile.... 60,767 Cochabamba, Bolivia 40.000 Cojedes, Venezuela 85.678 Cordova, Argentine Republic 66.000 Cuenca, Ecuador 30,000 Cuzco, Peru 30,000 Desterro, Brazil 6,000 Georgetown, British Guiana 55,299 Guayaquil, Ecuador 40,000 Iquique, Chile 16,4.30 La Paz, Bolivia 80,000 Laplata, Argentine Republic 40,000 Lima, Peru 101.488 City. Country. Pop. Los Angeles, Chile ... 51,354 Medellin, Colombia 40,000 Montevideo, Uruguay 175,000 Panama, Colombia 30,000 Para, Brazil 60,000 Paramaribo. Dutch Guiana 28,526 Pernamhuco, Brazil 1.30,000 Porto Alegre, Brazil 30,000 Punta Arenas, Chile 915 Quillota, Chile 48,737 Quito, Ecuador 80,000 Rio do Janeiro, Brazil .500,000 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil 18,000 Rosario, Argentine Republic 55,000 San Fernando, Chile 79,742 Saio Luiz de MaranhSo, Brazil 30,000 Santiago, Chile 236.870 Santos, Brazil ;35,000 Sao Paulo, Brazil 75,000 Serena, Chile 36,772 Sucre, Bolivia 30,000 Talca, Chile .... 70,036 Trujillo, Peru 8,000 Tucuman, Argentine Republic 40,000 Valencia. Venezuela 38,6.54 Valparai,so, Chile 109,-584 country. principal exports. Argentine RepubUc— "Wool, hides and skins, tallow, live stock, meat, and grain. Bolivia— Silver, Peruvian bark, india-rubber, gums, cocoa, coffee, copper, and tin. Brazil— Coffee, sugar, india-rubber, cotton, hides, and tobacco. Chile — Nitre, copper, silver, wheat, barley, and wool. Colombia— Coffee, cinchona, gold, silver, cacao, tobacco, and hides. Ecuador— Cocoa, coffee, straw hats, hides, india-rubber, ivory nuts, sugar, and gold. COUNTRY. principal EXPORTS. - Guiana, British— Sugar, rum, molasses, tim- ber, and gold. Guiana, Dutch— Cocoa, sugar, coffee, and gold. Guiana, French— Cocoa, coffee, and gold. Paraguay — Yerba mate, tobacco, hides and skins, oranges, and timber. Peru— Sugar, cotton, wool, hides, silver and lead ores. Uruguay— Wool, hides and skins, tallow, and meats. Venezuela -Coffee, cocoa, gold, hides and skins, and cattle. 166 BAND, McNALLY & CO.'S "^^r "^^ 0= i O z o ° 3 ;^ z ^. ^t X co_i ^ M M CO ^ «5 00 •H W CO ^ to KEW POCKET ATLAS. 167 EUROPE. Country. Area, Sq. Miles Popula- tion. Andorra, F-12 Austria-Hungary, K-11 Belgium, G-9 British Isles, F-7 Bulgaria, M-13 Denmark, 1-6 France, F-10 Grermany, 1-9 ..- Greece, L-15 Italy, 1-12.... Luxemburg, G-9 Monaco, H-12 Montenegro, K-13 Netherlands (The), H-8 Norway, J-3 Portugal, C-13 Rouniania, M-11 Russia, O-G San Marino, J-12 Servia, L-12 Spain, D-13 Sweden, K-4 Switzerland, H-11... Turkey. L-13 175 264,512 11,373 121.481 37,860 15,289 204,092 209,558 25,014 114,410 998 8 3,6:50 12,&48 123,205 34,0;i8 48,307 2,095,-504 32 19,050 194,800 170,979 15,992 61.200 6,000 42,620,966 6,484,940 37,888,153 3,154,375 2.298,367 ;38,M3,192 49,422,114 2,217,000 30,158,408 211,088 12,000 2.36,000 4,548,596 1,999,176 4,708,178 4,650,82.3 95,870,810 7,816 2,157,477 17,237,600 4.774,409 )er, hardware. Belgium— Yarns, coal and coke, machinery. British Isle.s— Cotton, woolen, and linen goods, iron, steel, coal, and machinery. Bulgaria— Wheat, wool, tallow, butter, cheese, hides, flax, and timber. Denmark— Animals and their produce, cereals, metals, and hardware. France— Woolen, silk, and cotton manufact- ures, wine, raw silk, and wool. Germany— Cotton and woolen goods, hosiery, sugar, and leather goods. Greece— Currants, ores, tobacco, and wine. Italy— Silk, wine, olive oil, fruit, hemp, flax, cotton, and sulphur. Luxemburg— Manufactured goods. Monaco — Olive oil, oranges, and citrons. principal exports. insect p )wder COCTTTRY. Montenegro - Sumac, insect p )W(ler sar- dines, smoked mutton, cattle, and goats. Netherlands, The— Wheat, rye, flax, refined sugar, butter, cheese, cattle, and sheep. Norway— Timber, fish, oil, skins, and furs. Portugal— Wine, cork, fish, and copper. Roumania- Cereals, animals, and fruits. Russia— Grain, flax and hemp, timber, lin- seed, and wool. Servia— Fruit, animals, wine, and grain. Spain— Wine, minerals, fruits, and cork. Sweden— Timber, animals and their produce, steel, iron, copper and zinc ores. Switzerland— Cottons, silks, clocks and watches, cheese and condensed milk. Turkey in Europe— Raisins, wheat, mohair, raw silk, opium, and coffee. 168 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S j^ V ^ O o ^ <^ ^ o <^5^y , - NEW POCKET ATLAS. 169 ASIA. Country. Area, Sq. Miles. Afghanistan, G-6 Bhotan, 1-8 Ceylon, H-10 China, L-6 Dutch East Indies, L-11 French India, H-9... French Indo-China, K-9 Hongkong, M-7 India, H-8 .- .. Japan, N-5 Korea, M-5 Nepal, 1-7 Oman, E-7 Persia, E-6 - Philippine Islands, N-8 Russia, Asiatic, H-3. Samos, C-4 Siam, K-9. Turkey in Asia, D-5- 279,000 16,800 25,364 4,179,559 719,674 200 142,742 29 1,800,258 147,655 82.000 54.000 82,000 628,000 114, .326 6,564,778 180 250,000 680,000 Popula- tion. 4,000,000 35,000 3,008,239 404,180,000 29,765.031 280,303 17,791,500 221,441 286,696,960 39.069.007 10,528,937 2,000.000 1,500.000 9,000,000 7,000,000 19,002,198 44.661 6,000,000 21.600.000 Government. Exports. Empire Kingdom British Colony Empire Dutch Colony . French Colony French Dependencies British Colony Empire Empire ..' Empire Kingdom Empire Kingdom Spanish Colony. Empire Turkish Principality. Kingdom Empire $ 1,10.5,4.36 17.536.677 103,614,786 68,088,881 5,199,341 11,399,023 6,125,320 351,062,300 43,461,848 3,550,478 5,:349,374 1,432,690 14,609,535 5,050,000 753,914 16,048,105 Imports. $ 2,731,995 21,640,534 151,114,149 ] 66,165,;356 1,368,198 12,049,692 12,641,060 322,110,800 63,621,205 4.727,a39 4,239,-378 1,9&3,270 18,636,405 3,500,000 911,779 13,155,100 PRINCIPAL CITIES. City. Country. Pop. Bagdad, Turkey 80,000 Kangkok, Siam 1,000,000 lia ta via . Dutch East Indies 7,969 Bombay, India 804,470 Cabool, Afghanistan 60,000 Calcutta, India 840,130 Canton, China 1,600,000 Colombo, Ceylon 126,926 Damascus, Turkey 200,000 Fuchau, China 636,000 Hanoi, French Indo-China 50,000 Hue, French Indo-China 100,000 Hyderabad, India 392,730 Irkutsk, Russia 48,000 Ispahan, Persia . 60.000 Kandahar, Afghanistan 60.000 Kandy, Ceylon 20.252 Karikal, French India 34,719 Kliatmando, Nepal Kyoto, Japan 264,.559 Laoag, Philippine Islands 36.639 country. principal exports. Afghanistan— Horses, spices, assaf etida , fruits, and nuts. Bhotan— Wool, musk, ponies, and caout- chouc. Ceylon— Coffee, cinchona, tea, plumbago, arecanuts, and cocoanuts. China— Tea, raw and manufactured silk, and sugar. Dutch East Indies— Tea, coffee, sugar, rice, indigo, cinchona, tobacco, and tin. French India— Oil-seeds. French Indo-China— Cinnamon, cotton, tea, coffee, sugar, tobacco, and I'ice. Hongkong— Tea, silk, sandalwood, hemp, and copper. India— Rice, cotton, opium, oil-seeds, jute, and tea. City. Country. Pop. Madras, India 449,950 Manila, Philippine Islands 270,000 Maskat, Oman 60,000 Osaka, Japan 432,005 Pekin. China 1,300,000 Pondicherry, French India. 41,253 Punakha, Bhotan Rangoon, India. 181,210 Saigon, French Indo-China 90,000 Samarkand. Russia 33,117 Shanghai, China 28,000 Seoul, Korea 250,000 Smyrna, Turkey 200,000 Suchau, China 1,000 000 Tabreez, Persia 180,000 Teheran, Persia 210,000 Titlis, Russia 104.000 Tokyo, Japan 1,165,048 Vatlii, Samos Victoria, Hongkong 221,441 Yuthia. Siam ,,., 40.000 COUNTRY. principal EXPORTS. Japan— Raw silk and cocoons, rice, tea, coal, and copper. Korea— Rice, beans, and cow-hides. Nepal— Rice, oil-seeds, butter, ponies, timber. Oman— Dates, cotton fabrics, rice, salt, pearls, and fruits. Persia— Dried fruits, opium, rice, cotton, wool, silk, carpets, pearls, and turquoises. Philippine Islands — Sugar, hemp, tobacco, cigars, and coffee. Russia, Asiatic — Cereals, petroleum, tissue, textiles, and precious metals. Samos - Raisins, wine, oil, and hides. Siam— Rice, teak, pepper, sapanwood, cattle, and tin. Turkey— Tobacco, cereals opium, coffee, fruits, valonia, and madder. 170 RAND, McNALLY & CO.'S 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 D E Q H K M NEW POCKET ATLAS 171 AFRICA. Country. Abyssinia, K-9 Algeria, E-5. Cape of Good Hope, 1-17... Egypt, 1-7. French Kongo, F-1 1 German East Africa, K-12- , Kamerun, G-10 Kongo Free State, I-ll Liberia, C-10 Madagascar, L-15 Morocco, D-5 Natal,I-17- Niger Territories, E-10 Orange Free State. I-IG Free State of E. Africa, K-1 4 Portuguese W. Africa, G-14 Senegal, B-9 Sierra Leone, B-10 South African Republic,I-16 Togoland, D-10 Tripoli, H-6. Tunis. F5 Area, Sq. Mls. 244,000 319,465 2m,4m 400,000 250,000 ^45,000 130.000 865,375 14,300 228,500 219,000 20,460 500,000 41,500 ;300,000 600,000 14,700 400 121. a>i 16,000 398,873 45,000 Popula- tion. 7,360.000 4,124,732 1,458,82:3 6,817,265 6,900.300 1,760,000 2,600,000 14,000,000 1,068,000 3.500.000 •5,000,000 543.913 20,000.000 207..503 1,. 500. 000 10.000,000 135,000 75,000 679.200 .500.000 1,000.000 1.500.000 Government. Exports. Imports Kingdom - . . French Colony.. British Colony Empire French Territorj' German Protectorate. German Protectorate. Belgian Colony RepubUc Kingdom Empire British Colony... British Territoi'ies Republic Portuguese Colony... PortugueseTerritories Fiench Coh my British Colony Republic German Pi'otectorate Turkish Province French Protecttirate. 1 51,237,538 49,409.472 58,703,493 578.459 976.555 1,234,982 2,821,956 47,597 7,945,177 6,898,285 1,425,000 10,000,000 3,;i00,000 1,746,595 1.01.5.000 5 905.645 51.237,755 49,183,116 39,945.851 738,096 738,444 771,834 788,518 8,728.987 22,08.5.425 5,000,000 5,800,000 1,746,-595 27,500.000 :387,940 1,410.-500 5,622,977 PRINCIPAL CITIES. City. Country. Pop. Alexandria, Egypt 227.062 Algiers, Algeria 74,794 Ankober, Abyssinia 7,(XK) Antananarivo, Madagascar 100,000 A saba, Niger Territories Bagamoyo. German East Africa Bathurst, Gambia 6,000 Berbera, SomaU ;30,000 Bloenifontein, Orange Free State ... 3,319 Boma, Kongo Free State Bona, Algeria 29.040 Cairo, Egypt .374.8;« Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope 8:3,718 Constantine, Algeria 44.960 Damietta, Egypt -34,044 Dar es Salaam, German East Africa. Fez, Morocco 80.000 Freetown, Sierra Leone :30. (X)0 Gondar, Abyssinia 5 (XX) Johannesburg. South African Rep 15,000 Kamerun^ Kamerun. Kimbeilev, Orange Free S .ate 28,643 Libreville, French KtNngo City. Country. Pop. Little Popo, Togoland Liorenzo Marquez, Free State of East jVf ric3. Manf aloot , Egypt' ...'.".". .".'.'!"."."." 1 3 2.32 Mequinez, Morocco .56.000 Mojanga, Madagascar 14,000 Monrovia, Liberia 5,(XXI Morocco. Morocco. 50,000 Mozambique, Free State of E. Africa Omdurman, Egyptian Soudan Orau, Algeria 67.681 PietermaritzbHrg, Natal 17.-500 Port Elizabeth, Cape of Good Hope ... 2:3,0.52 Pretoria, South African Rep 5,000 Rosetta, Egypt 16.666 St. Louis. Senegal 20,000 St. Paul de Loanda, Portuguese West Africa Tamatave, Madagascar 10.000 Tlemsen, Algeria 28.204 Tripoli, Tripoli Tunis, Tunis 145,000 Zanzibar, Zanzibar 100,000 country. principal exports. Abyssinia— Skins, ivory, and gums. Algeria — Cereals, wines, animals, wool, and esparto fibre. Cape of Good Hope — Diamonds, wool, ostrich feathers, copper ore. hides and skins. Egypt— Cotton and cotton seed, beans, sugar, wheat, and rice. Free State of East Africa - Oil-nuts and seeds. caoutchouc, and ivorj" French Kongo — Ivory, ebony, German East Afi-ica— Ivory, caoutchouc, and sesame seed. Kamerun— Ivory and palm oil. Kongo Free State— Coffee, ivory, nuts oil, caoutchouc, and copal. Liberia— Coffee, palm oil-nuts, cocoa, sugar. caoutchouc, copal gum. palm COUNTRY. principal EXPORTS. Madagascar — India rubber, hides, horns, hemp, wax, and oxen. Morocco— Beans, peas, olive oil. maize, wool. Natal— Arrowroot, Angora hair, hides and skins, and gold. Orange Free State— Wool, diamonds, hides and skins, and ostrich feathers. Portuguese West Africa— I vorj-, cnoutchouc. Sierra Leone — Palm oil and nuts, india rubber, kola nuts, and copal. South African Rep.— Wool, ivory, cattle, hides, grain, ostrich feathers, ivory, gold. Togoland— Palm oil and ivory. Tripoli —Ivory, bullocks, wheat, oil, barley. ostrich feathers, wool, and pepper. Tunis— Wheat, barley, olive oil, alfa, esparto. 172 RAND, McNALLY & CO/S W F V < - ^ ^. ^ o 'r^. ^ -^ ^ O LAG H •• KU • • "o- .;- ^. ^ " 1 ^ ; • ^ 1 > .» H .' OCIE Vs o f^ ^ ^-' NEW POCKET ATLAS. 173 OCEANIA. Country. Bismarck Archipel- ago. F-5 Fiji, J-6 -. Hawaii, N-1. Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, E-5 Marshall Islands, 1-3 New Caledonia, H-7-. New Guinea, E-.5- New Hebrides. H-7... New Soirth Wales, E-9 New Zealand, Ml... Queensland. E-8 Samoa, K-C Society Islands, O-T.. Solomon Islands, H-') South Australia, D-8- Tasmania, D-11. Tonga. 117 Victoria, E-10 Western Australia. B-8 Area, Sq. Miles. 19,000 7,740 6,640 72,000 1.50 6.000 90 000 .5,106 810,700 104,471 (368.497 1.701 1,412 9,000 903,690 26,215 374 87,8K4 975,920 Popula- tion. 190,000 121,180 89,990 110,000 10,000 62,752 1.35,000 70.000 1,1.34,207 626,8:30 393,718 36,000 25,0.50 80,000 31.5,048 146,667 20,000 1,140.411 49.782 Government. Exports. Imports. German Protectorate British Colony .$ 1,822,665 Kingdom i 13.023,000 German Protectorate. German Protectorate. French Colony British Colony Independent British Colony British Colony British Colony Kingdom French Colony. German Protectorate. British Colony British Colony Kingdom British Colony British Colony 1.428,110 95,000 110.229,6&5 48,058,600 42,772.560 102,545 633,620 44,136,890 7,4M,960 420,875 66,:i31,110 3..3.59,0<}5 1,033,785 6,962,000 2,218,300 45,000 113,075,020 31,302,625 2o,;333,.500 218,130 670,720 41,313,365 9,487,-560 245.545 114,670.075 4,3?2,2a5 PRINCIPAL CITIES. City. Country. Pop. Adelaide, South Australia .37.873 A pia, Samoa Auckland, New Zealand 28,613 Ballarat, Victoria 21.0.53 Bathhurst, New South Wales 8.000 Itrisbane, Queensland 32. .567 Christchurch, New Zealand 16.223 Dunedin, New Zealand. 22.376 Fremantle, Western .\u8l ralia 5.607 Crawler, South Australia 2,122 Geraldton, Western Australia 1,218 Geelong, Victoria 20,000 Goulburn, New South Wales 12,000 Hilo, Hawaii 4,220 Hol)art, Tasmania .3.5.:>!9 Honolulu, Hawaii 20.487 Kapunda, South Australia .. 1.942 COUNTRY. principal EXPORTS. Bismarck Archipelago— Copra and cocoa-nut libre. Fiji — Sugar, copra, bananas, and other fruits, tea, cotton, and peanuts. Hawaii — Sugar, rice, coffee, hides, wool, and bananas. Kaiser Wilhelm's Land — Beche-de-mer, cocoa- nuts, and gum. Marshall Islands— Copra. New Caledonia — Nickel, preserved meat, silver, and lead ore. New Guinea, British — Beche-de-mer, copra, birdskins, gum, pearl-shells, and rattans. New Hebrides— Copra and beche-de-mer. New South Wales — Wool, tin, silver, copper tallow, and leather. New Zealand — Wool, grain, frozen meat, gold, City. Country. Pop. Launceston, Tasmania. 22,000 Levuka, Fiji Maryborough, Queensland 9,281 Melbourne, Victoria 4.58,470 Newcastle. New South Wales. 20,000 Noumea, New Caledonia 4,000 Nukualofa, Tonga . Papeete, Society Islands... Perth, Western Australia .... 8.447 Port Augusta. South Australia 1,274 Port Moresby, New Guinea 1.000 Kockhampton, Queensland 10,793 Sandhurst, Victoria 26,627 Suva, Fiji 850 Sydney, New South Wales 220,427 Townsville, Queensland 7,860 Wellington, New Zealand 31,021 COUNTRY. principal EXPORTS. kauri gum, hides and skins, leather, and timber. Queensland — Gold, wool, sugar, hides and skins, tin, and preserved meat. Samoa — Copra, cotton, coffee, and fruit. Society Islands — Mother-of-pearl, copra, and cotton. Solomon Islands -Sandal-wood, and tortoise- shell. South Australia — Wool, wheat, wheat flour, copper, and copper ore. Tasmania — Wool, gold, tin, timber and bark, hops, and fruit. Tonga — Copra, cotton, fruit, kava, and wool. Victoria — Wool, Gold, breadstuffs, livestock, and leather. Western Australia — Gold, pearls, pearl-shell, sandal-wood, and timber. 5196 12'+ University of Connecticut Libraries 39153024351597