the university of Connecticut libraries 3 ■IISB DIEOMtbM 7 eeNNCGTlGfclT OK ro-BAY. Its Chief Basmess GenTres II^I.USTRATKID. 1890. PUBLISHED BY ACME PUBLISHING AND ENGRAVING CO.; Coleman & Barker, Proprietors, TEMPLE COURT, NF.W YORK. f»re:facb. A WITTY Frenchman has remarked that "marriage is a tedious volume with a very fine preface," and lie might have added, had tlie discovered territory of Columbus been his asylum, that the title-page of many modern publications is chiefly remarkable as an announcement of what the book does not contain. It can be honestly claimed, however, that tliis volume is nothing less than it pretends to be : an epitome of the growth, resources, commerce, manufactures, financial interests, and prospects of the leading towns and cities of the State of Connecticut, rejjresenting the constant labor of a corps of reporters, writers, editors, and printers for several months. While the early history of the Tarious towns and cities has been briefly touched upon, the main objects had in view by the publishers have been the advancement of the individual and genei'al business interests of the community ; the ■encouragement of commercial and manufacturing industries; the improvement of facilities for trans- portation; the diifusiou of information concerning trades, manufacturing, and other interests; the cultivation of a more intimate knowledge of all events and questions affecting the public weal. Much care has been taken in the preparation of the work to confine all statements and figures within conserv- ative bounds, the sole point being to present a true picture of Connecticut as it is to-day, with its splendid educational facilities, its business interests, its importance as a manufacturing centre, its reputation as one of the healthiest states of the Union, and various subjects of a like interest. As a result of our endeavors in this direction, the work will prove a mine of valuable information, such, we believe, as has never before been crystallized into so brief a space for the instruction and entertainment of those already interested, or whom it may be desirable to interest, in the commonwealth of Connecti- cut, her varied resources, attractions, and advantages as a section of residence and business. Necessarily our space is limited, and matters of minor importance have, as a rule, either received only cursory attention or have been passed by in silence as having no bearing upon the subject in hand. At the same time we must confess that Connecticut offers a most inviting field for the exercise of literary talent, there being ample material here, both of fact and legend, to employ the pens of both historian and novelist for years to come. In this connection we desire to publicly tender our acknowledgments for favors and assistance to those obliging and public-spirited citizens who have extended to us that aid and encouragement without which our efforts must have come to naught. The illustiations which accompany the work are believed to add to its permanent interest and value. The subjects of them were selected solely because they were characteristic, and without any reference to private interests. Among them are included the leading public thoroughfares and buildings of the towns and cities dilated upon, and several representative manufacturing establishments. For the arrangement of the matter or such comment or opinion as are comprised within these jxages the publishers alone are res25onsible. They have not written or altered a line by reason of the relations of any individual or firm, nor on account of their attitude with regard to the publication of the work. The sole purpose kept in view, as before premised, has been to fully and fairly present the subjects set forth on the title-page as far as limit of space and approximate sources of information would permit. , The Publishees. >fEw York, 1891. 3 GENERAL INDEX. jEtna Ins. Co. of Hartford,. 57 iCtna National Bank (The), Hartford 51 Alexander, John, Tailor, Hartford 70 Allan, B. Rowland, Ins. Agent and Stock Broker, Hartford 54 Allen, A. L., Grocer, etc., Norwich 185 Allen, J. P., Carriages, Hartford 66 Allyn House, Hartford 55 American Button Fastner Co. (The), New Britain 77 American Hotel, Hartford 67 American Tea Co., Waterbury S4 Arms Pocket Book Co., Hartford 54 Arnold, F. H., Millinery and Fancy Goods, New Britain. 77 Arnold, W. N., & Co., Grocers, Danielsonville 1S8 Atlantic Hotel, Bridgeport 115 Austin, Mrs. E., Domestic Bakery, Norwich 182 Bacchus, Wm., Machinist, Danbury g2 Baldwin, E., Livery, Waterbury 84 Ballerstein, R., & Co., Milliners, Hartford 72 Banks, E. J., Beef, Pork, Mutton, etc., Bridgeport. . . . 124 Barlow, J. R., Books, Stationery, etc., Hartford 71 Barstow, J. P., & Co., Stoves, Seeds, Farm Implements, etc., Norwich 182 Bartlett, R. S., Groceries, Norwich 185 Bassett, John E., & Co. (The), Hardware, New Haven. 140 Beach & Co., Oils, Chemicals, etc., Hartford 61 Beck & Brier, Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers, Bridgeport. 112 Beers, Chas., Jr., Electrician, Bridgeport 114 Beers & Schmidt, Coal and Wood, Danbury 96 Bennett, W. B., Plumber, Danbury ... 95 Belts, A. A., & Son, Grocers, Bridgeport 113 Bill Brothers, Forwarders, Hartford 72 Billings & Spencer Co. (The), Hardware Specialties, etc., Hartford 68 Bingham, Herbert C, Flour, Grain, etc 57 Birracree, John, Hats, Caps, etc., Norwich 184 Blakeslee, R. N., Teaming, Waterbury 83 Boardman, C. B., Livery, Hartford 54 Bodine, T. G., Druggist, Danbury 93 Bornstorf, Geo. F., Delicatessen, etc.. New London... 174 Booth Meat Market, New Haven .... 144 Booth, B., Furniture, Bedding, etc., New Haven 142 Bossidy, P. J., Druggist and Apothecary, Waterbury. 87 Bowditch & Prudden Co. (The), Furniture, New Haven. 140 Brady, C. E. , Stables, Norwich 186 Breckenridge Mfg. Co. (The), Gas Fixtures and Metal Goods, Meriden 157 I Bridgeport Pattern and Experimental Machine Works. 120 \ Bridgeport Pharmacy 122 Bridgeport Silver Plate Co. (The) 117 Bromfield, Geo. H., Oil Dealer, South Norwalk 102 Brooklyn Drug Store (The). Waterbury 86 Brooks & Co., Hats, Trunks, and Furs, New Haven.. 139 Brooks, Friend E., Hats, Trunks, Furs, etc.. New Haven. 146 Brown, Robert, Plumber, Steam and Gas Fitter, Nor- wich I S3 Brown, W. O., Hats, Hartford 66 Bryant, Besse & Co., Norwalk 99 Bryant, W. C, & Co., Jewelers, Danbury 93 Bullard, J. E., Jeweler, Middletown 165 Burke Brothers, Hats, Caps, etc.. Hartford 60 Cable, H. C, Florist, Danbury 96 Cannon, F. C, Grocer, Bridgeport H2 Card, C. P., General Merchandise, Danielsonville,... 188 Carlson, Rud., Elm City Cigar Factory, New Haven.. 139 Carleton, Fred. A., Plumbing and Gasfitting, New Haven 141 Carr's Central Meat Market, Bridgeport 123 Cartwright, Charles, Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers, Bridgeport 117 Catlln, F. A., Cooperage Stock, New Haven 147 Caulkins & Prentis,|,UTidertakers and Embalmers, New London 171 Celebrated Rochester Lamp (The), Meridan 155 Chapman, C. F., Meats, etc., Danielsonville 188 Chapman, S., Jr., Fire Insurance, Hartford 60 Chapman, C. B., Meats.and Provisions, Norwich 179 Chappell, H. R., Painter, etc., Willimantic igi Chesbro, Samuel, Apothecary, Willimantic 190 City Hotel, F. Bush, Prop., Hartford 63 Clapp & Treat, Hardware, etc., Hartford 51 GENERAL INDEX. Clarendon Oil Works, L. B. SlUiman, Prop., Bridge- port ii6 Clark, E. W., & Son, Roofing, Hartford 59 Clack, C. B., Oyster House, Middletown 166 Cole & Hinckley, Contractors, Bridgeport 113 Collins, J. P., & Co., Mfrs. of Collins' Improved Jouval Turbine, Norwich 185 Colt's Patent Fire-arms Mfg. Co., Hartford 48 Compressed Air Carpet Cleaning Works (The), Knapp & Co. Props., New Haven 13S Comstock Bros., Clothing, etc., Norwalk 100 Conklin, H. W., Fire Ins. and Real Estate, Hartford.. 53 Connecticut Adamant Plaster Co. (The), New Haven.. 141 Consolidated Safely Valve Co. (The), Bridgeport 119 Cook, D. P., Music and Notion House, Hartford 71 Cook, D. C, & Sons, Sale, Livery, and Boarding Stables, New Haven 140 Cook & Lester, Wholesale Fruit Dealers, Norwich. . . . 185 Cook, G. F., Livery and Sales Stables, Bridgeport. ... 116 Couch, W. H., Saddlery Hardware, New Haven 147 Coughlin Bros., Painters and Decorators, Bridgeport.. :2I Crane & Gould, Beef, Veal, Mutton, Pork, etc., Hart- ford 69 Crocker's H. J., Marine Railways, New London 172 Cruttenden, S. H., Livery, Hack, and Sales Stables, New Haven 137 Cruygier, F. H., Cigars and Tobacco, Hartford 61 CuUen, M., Skylights, Cornices, etc., Hartford 64 Cunningham &Foran, Furniture and Undertakers, Dan- bury 94 Cutler, J. G., Harness and Carriage Repository, Water- bury 86 Dalton, J., Silk Mitts, Gloves, etc. , Norwich 185 Daly, M. J., Engineer, Waterbury 83 Danbury Marble Works, Danbury 93 Danbury Pork and Produce Co., Danbury oi Darrow, Moses, Coal, Wood, Lime, Brick, etc.. New London 172 Darrow & Comstock, Ship Chandlers, Hardware, En. gineers' Supplies, etc. , New London ! 74 Deming, J. O., Pianos, Organs, New Britain 77 Dewell, J. D., & Co., Grocers, New Haven 143 Dickinson, C, Druggist, New Britain 78 Dieringer, W., Meats, etc., Bridgeport 115 Dikeman, W. L., Druggist, Waterbury 86 Dimes' Savings Bank of Hartford 67 Dinnan, John J., Guns. Rifles, etc.. New Haven 143 Dodge & Brewer, Groceries. Meats, etc., Hartford. ... 63 Donahue & Adamson, Stoves, etc., Waterbury 85 Dooley, E. J., Photographic Apparatus, Hartford 69 Doolittle, George, Engineer, Bridgeport 114 Douglas, W. & B., Pumps, Rams, Engines, etc., Middletown 166 Drouve, G. F., Iron, Copper and Brass Work, Bridge- port 112 Drummond's Steam Boiler Works, New London 170 Downer & Edwards, Furniture, Carpets, etc., Bridge- port 120 Duane, M. A., Plumber, Danbury 95 Dudley, Samuel, Iron and Steel, etc.. New London. . . 172 Duffey, T. H., Boots and Shoes, Hartford 64:- Dundon, J., Beef, Groceries, etc., Bridgeport 123". Dunham Machine Co., Danbury 91 Dunham, R. C, Dentist, New Britain 76 Durand, Samuel Z. D., Meat Market, Birmingham.... 126 Earle, Tyler "B., Stables, New London 171 Eckler & Doerner, Cigar Mfrs. and Dealers in To- bacco, Cigars, etc., Bridgeport 115 Ehle, D. W., Meats, etc., Danbury 94 Ehrlich, N., Furniture and Stoves, New Haven 147 Eliott & Oviatt, Groceries, etc., Bridgeport in Ells, Geo. N., Books, Stationery, etc., Waterbury.... 86 Elm City Stables, H. M. Goodyear, Prop., New Haven. 139 Emery, Alexander, Teas, Coffee, Spices, etc.. New Haven 146 Fellows & Rice, Builders, Norwich 184 Fensley, A. L., Paper, Paper Bags, Twine, etc., Nor- wich 186 First National Bank, Hartford 47 Fisher, Geo. B., Fire Insurance, Hartford 70 Fisher, H., & Son, Druggists, Bridgeport 117 Fiske, J. D., & Co., Leather and Findings, Hartford. 55 Flint, G. W., & Co., Furniture, Carpets, Bedding, etc., Hartford 70 Forbes, Edward P., Signs, Banners, etc., Hartford 66 Forbes & Buckland, China, Glassware, etc., Hartford. 51 Foster, Merriam & Co., Hardware, Meridan 153 Fowler, H. G., Real Estate, Insurance and Loan, New Britain 80 Frost, L. H., Livery, Sales, and Boarding Stables, New Haven 138 Frost, H. D., Groceries, Hartford. 66 Gardner, W. H., Druggist, Bridgeport 114 Gardner, R. S., Variety Store, Birmingham 126 Garlock, J. R., Furnaces, etc.. New Haven I43' Gemmill, Burnham & Co., Merchant Tailors and Ready Made Clothing, Hartford 70- Geobel, Joseph, Boots and Shoes, New Haven 145 Gerwich, H., Jeweler, Hartford 65 Gibbs, H. W., Auctioneer, Bridgeport in Gilbert, Lewis L., Cakes, Jellies, etc., New Haven. . . . 13S Gladwin & Morse, Investment Brokers, Hartford 59 Gledhill & Co., Paper Stock, Bridgeport iiS Godfrey, J. A., & Co., Clothiers and Hatters, Water- bury 86 Goodrich, J. F., & Co., Carriages and Harness, New Haven 143 Goodrich, M. P. D., Confectioner, Norwich 179 Goodsell, Zalmon, Mfrs'. Supplies, Bridgeport 113- Graham, C. P., Dentist, Middletown 165 Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co. (The), Bridgeport. . i2o- Griffith, Oates & Co., Groceries, Teas, Fruits, etc., Hartford 66 Guilfoile, M. & W. A., Beef and Mutton, Waterbury... 86 Gunderman, Wm. H., Carriages, Wagons, and Trucks, Bridgeport 120 H.IAS, L. B., Leaf Tobacco, Hartford ' 61 Half Dime Restaurant (The), Hartford 65 GENERAL INDEX. Hall, M. W., Chemist and Druggist, Bridgeport 123 Hallock, F., & Co., Hardware, Cutlery, etc., Biriiing- ham i-i Halsey, R. B., & Co., Shirts and Underwear, Bridge- port '19 Hamlin Pump Co., Hartford A9 Hammell & Brooks, Grocers, Danielsonville i8g Hannon, C. P. & Co., Pharmacists, Hartford 66 Hansen, J., Merchant Tailor, Bridgeport iiS Hargrave Brothers, Ale and Porter, Hartford 63 Harding & Holbrook, Fish, Clams, etc., Hartford 64 Harris, F. R., Brass, Copper, etc., Waterbury 84 Harris, F. H., Clothing and Gents' Furnishing Goods, New London 172 Harris, E. D., Coal and Wood, Norwich 183 Harris, R. & C, & Co., Wines, Liquors, etc.. New Haven 1-I2 Hartford Fire Insurance Co., Hartford 52 Hartford National Bank, Hartford 59 Hartford Steam Boiler Insp. and Ins. Co., Hartford. .. 56 Hartford One Price Clothing Co., New Britain 77 Hartford and New York Transportation Co., Hartford. 67 Hartford Variety Pavilion, Hartford 69 Harth, Fred., Jeweler, Danbury 92 Harwood & Co., Grocers, Norwich 182 Hastings & White, Cigar Bo.\es, Hartford 65 Hatch, F. L., Grocer, Danbury 93 Hawley, C. W., Hardware, Bridgeport 123 Hayes. T. C, Butter. Eggs, etc.. New Britain 76 Hayward, E. W., Merchant Tailor, Danielsonville.... 18S Healy, W., & Co., Painters and Designers, Bridgeport. 115 Held, Louis, Beef, Pork, Veal, Mutton, etc., Bridge- port 117 Hill, Henry S., & Co., Bankers, New Haven 13S Hobron, Andrew & Son, Jewelers, New London 170 Hoffmeister, Henry A.. Ranges, etc., New Haven 142 Holbrook & Taylor, Boots, etc., Danbury 91 Holt, Wm. A., Groceries and Provisions, New London. 172 Home National Bank, Meriden 153 Horigan, J., Groceries, Waterbury 83 Horsfall & Rothschild. Hatters, Hartford 72 Hotchkiss, Fred. M., Grocer, and Dealer in Carriages, Wagons, Sleighs, etc., Meriden i6t Hotel Reed, J. W. Reed, Prop., Middletown 165 Hotel L'Amoureaux, Danbury 94 Hotel Capitol, Hartford 57 Hotel Russwin, New Britain 78 Hull, A. R.. Meals, Hartford 63 Hurlburt, W. S., Carpenter and Builder, Bridgeport... 118 Hutchinson, Oscar, Merchant Tailor, Bridgeport 116 IsiNG, A. G. , Jeweler, Danbur)- 95 Ives, W. W., Nickel and Silver Plater, Norwich 179 Ives, Upham & Rand, Dry and Fancy Goods, Meridan t$y Ives Central Hotel, Danbury 92 Jackson, A. E., Confectionery, New Britain 77 Jones & Little, Pattern and Model Makers, Hartford. . 67 Kearns, John, Plumbing, Gasfitting, etc.. Bridgeport.. 113 Keiler, Theodore, Undertaker, New Haven 137 Keller Plans Co. (The), Bridgeport 115 Kelsey, Wm. H., & Co., Merchant Tailors, Hartford.. 49 Kempner, J., Merchant Tailor, Norwich iSo Kickapoo Indian Medicine Co., New Haven 192 Kilby, A. E., Confectioner, Hartford .... 71 Kimberly, W. G., Printer, Bridgeport 123 Kip, J. G., Druggist, Danbury 93 Kleiner, Israel, & Son, Tailors, New Haven 141 Knapp, W. S., Architect, South Norwalk.. . . 100 Knox, Frank J., Plumbing Materials, etc., Hartford.. 51 Lake & Po.meroy, Druggists, Waterbury 85 Lalley, F. E., & Co., Wine and Liquor Dealers, Bridge- port 122 Lancraft Brothers, Oyster Dealers, New Haven 142 Lang, A. W., Printer, Hartford 69 Lathrop, R. S., Manufacturer of Reeds, Danielsonville. 189 Learned, B. P., Insurance, Norwich 182 Leavens, George, Dry Goods, Danielsonville 189 Leland & Meder, Clothiers, Danbury 95 Lester & Wasley, Envelope-making Machines, Norwich. 181 Lewis, J. A., Photographer, New Britain 79 Lewis, Henry, & Co., Clothing, Hats, etc., Hartford.. 63 Lines, The H. Wales, Co., Masons, Builders and Con- tractors, Meriden 153 Linsley, Root & Co., Hardware, New Haven 1417 Loan and Guarantee Co. (The), of Connecticut, Hartford 53 Loewith, S., & Co., Real Estate, Bridgeport 124 Loseno, G., Harness, etc.. New London 171 Lyon, Irving U., Contractor and Builder, New London. 170 Mack, A. E., Harness and Saddles, etc.. New Haven. 139 Malloy, James F., & Co., Metal Suspender Trimmings, New Haven 145 Manning, Bowman & Co., Granite Iron Ware and Decorated Agate Ware, Meriden 161 Marsh, W. C, Commission Merchant, Bridgeport 122 Mayer, Strouse & Co., Mfrs. Corsets and Corset Mate- rial, etc.. New Haven 143 McCord, C. W., Carpets, Oil Cloths, etc., Bridgeport. 116 McEnerney, James, Grocer, Birmingham 125 McGraw & Baldwin, Grocers, Danbury 93 McLean, A. A., Carriage Mfr., South Norwalk loi Mechanics' Savings Bank, Hartford 62 Mechanics' and Farmers' Savings Bank, Bridgeport... n6 Mechanics' National Bank, New Britain 79 Meriden Silver Plate Co. (The) 157 Meriden House, J. N. Brooks, Prop., Meriden 161 Meriden Britannia Co. (The), Mfrs. of Gold, Silver Plate and Rogers Bros. Spoons, Forks, etc., 148 and 156 Meriden National Bank (The) 155 Meriden Bronze Co. (The) 160 and 162 Middlebrook, H. B., Stoves, Ranges, etc., Bridgeport 117 Middlesex Banking Co., Middletown 165 Middletown News Co 165 Miller, J. H., & Co., Paints, Oils, etc., Waterbury 85 Miller, Edward, & Co., Mfrs. of the Celebrated Rochester Lamp, etc., Meriden 155 Miner, James H., Stationer, New Britain 78 Mix, F. W., & Co., Drugs, New Britain 78 Molloy, James F., & Co., Metal Suspender Trimmings, New Haven 145 Till GENERA NDEX. Moure, George VV., & Co., Securities, Hartford 71 Mosher, VV. W., Druggist, Meriden 161 Moulton, F. J., Photographer, Norwich 186 Murray & Maber, Plumbers and Sheet Iron Workers, New London 174 National Exchange Bank, Hartforu 47 National Fire Insurance Co., Hartford 47 National Pohquioque Bank (The), Danbury 92 National Tradesman's Bank (The), New Haven 13S National Whaling Bank, New London 17(1 New England Brownstone Co. (The), Cromwell 160 New Haven Decorating Co. (The), Wm. McGrath, r Prop., New Haven 144 / New Haven Savings Bank, New Haven 145 New Haven Carpet Cleaning Works, New Haven 143 New Haven Electric Co. (The). New Haven 140 New Haven Steam Saw Mill Co., Wholesale Dealers in Southern Pine, Cypress, etc 146 New London Candy Kitchen and Ice Cream Parlors.. 173 New York Butter Store, Russell Brothers, New Britain. 79 Northrop, G. A., Livery, Bridgeport 122 Norton, P. B., Livery and Exchange Stables, Water- bury S7 Norwalk Fire Insurance Co., Norwalk 100 Norwalk Iron Works, South Norwalk 102 Norwich Folded Paper Carpet Lining Co. (The) 1S4 Norwich Paper Box Company 183 Norwich Pottery and Emery Wheel Works iSi Norwich Savings Society iSi Ortlepp, F., & Co., Furniture, Carpets, etc, , Bridge- port iig Osborn, E. S., Hats, Trunks, etc.. New Haven 141 Osborne, F. M., Drugs and Chemicals, New Haven... 140 Palmer, Clarence L., «& Co., Beef, Mutton, etc., Hartford 64 Palmer, N., & Co., Leather Belting, etc., Hartford 60 Palmer & Sistare, Meats, etc.. New London 171 Park City Livery and Sale Stables, Bridgeport 116 Park City Clothing House, Bridgeport 114 Parker, F. A., Carriage Wood Worker, New London.. 174 Parker Bros., Mfrs. of The Parker Gun. Meriden 158 Parker Co., Charles (The), Hardware and Lamp Mfrs., Meriden 159 Parmelee & Tomlinson, Undertakers, Danbury 94 Patrick, R. J., Hatter and Furnisher, etc., Birmingham. 126 Peck & Prouty, Printers and Engravers, Hartford 69 Penfield & Dyson, Paper Hanging, etc.. New Britain.. 77 Perry, E. L., Painter and Decorator, New Haven 143 Persse, T. B., Flour, Feed, Hay, Hartford 68 Phelan, J., Painter, Bridgeport 121 Phelan, J. F., Teas and Coffees, Waterbury 85 Phoenix Fire Insurance Co. of Hartford, Conn. (The).. 46 Phoenix Mutual Life Ins. Co. (The), Hartford 50 Phoenix National Bank (The), Hartford 55 PilgardcS; McNamara, Meats, Fish, etc., Hartford 71 Piatt Mill Co. (The), Flour, Feed, etc., Waterbury 85 Podmore, W., Furniture, South Norwalk 102 Polke, Frank, Furniture, Bedding, etc., Bridgeport... 118 Pond, DeWitt C, Bookseller and Stationer, Hartford. ^5 Poole, J. J., & Co., Coal, Hartford 63 Porteous & Mitchell, Dry Goods, Norwich 186 Post, O. L., Carriage Builder, New London 174 Pratt, C. W., Ladies' Furnishings, Hartford 72 Pratt cS: Whitney Co. (The), Machinist's Tools, etc., Hartford 52 Pritchard, M. L., Architect, Bridgeport 123 Purdy, CM., Grocer, Danbury 96 Putnum Furniture Mfg. Co., New London 173 I'yie & Tomlinson, Teas and Coffees, Bridgeport 112 yuiNEii.Ai'G Stork, General Merchandise, Danielson- ville 1S8 Rapelyk. C. a., Pharmacist, Hartfurd 58 Rasmussen, R. S. , Florist, Waterbury 84 Reed Hotel, J. W. Reed, Prop., Middletown 165 Reid, John, & Co., Diamond Watches, etc., Bridge- port 119 Reiss & Wholey, Stoves, Ranges, etc.. Norwich 1S6 Renz, John, Meats, Vegetables, etc., Bridgeport 121 Reynolds, E. K., Crockery, etc., Norwich 185 Ring, M. B., Carriage Mfr., Norwich 181 Robinson Lead Co., Engineers, Plumbers, Gas Fitters, Hartford 50 Rockwell, Fred. C, Packing Boxes, Hartford 65 Rogers, Wm., Mfg. Co. (The), Silver-plated Ware, Hartford 62 Rogers Bros., Grain, Straw, etc.. New London 173 Root & Childs, Commission Merchants, Hartford 46 Russell, John S., Groceries, Provisions, etc., Hartford 51 Ryan & Fitzmaurice, Boots and Shoes, Waterbury 86 Sawtelle, a. W., iS: Co., Apothecaries, Hartford 69 Sawyer, W. A., Stables, New Haven 147 Schall, Ernst, Jeweler, Hartford 58 Schreyer, Geo. V., Beef, Pork, Vegetables, etc., Bridgeport 121 Schwaner, R., Grocer, New Haven 145 Scofield, Geo. E., Stoves, Ranges, etc., Bridgeport.... 121 Scott, W. D., & Co., Ladies' and Misses' Jackets, Waterbury 85 Scoville, A. W., Architect and Builder, Hartford 54 Scranton, S. S., & Co., Book Publishers, Hartford 65 Second National Bank, Norwich ; 182 Security Co. (The), Hartford 64 Seidler & May, Furniture, Hartford 59 Selleck, Sylvester, Plumbing, etc., South Norwalk 100 Setchell's, G. C, Carpet Cleaning Establishment, Nor- wich 183 Sevin, N. D., & Sons, Druggists, Norwich . . 184 Shaw, James, Meats, New Britain 79 Shaw, J. B., Harness, etc., Norwich 187 Sheahan & Groark, Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters, New Haven 1 39 Sheldon, O.. Coffee and Groceries, Produce, New Britain 79 Sherman, F. M., Carpenter and Builder, New London. 174 Sherman, R. M., Engraver and Designer, New Haven. 144 Sherwood, S. B., Contractor, South Norwalk loi GENERAL INDEX. Simmons, \Vm. G., & Co., Boots and Shoes, Hartford. 64 Simons & Fox. Awnings, Tents, etc., Hartford 63 Sisson, T., & Co., Wliolesale Druggists, Hartford. ... 48 Smith, C, Marketman, South Norwalk 102 Smith, C. L., Groceries, Bridgeport 117 Smith, E. R., Sign Writer, Bridgeport 118 Smith, E. J., & Co., Hosiery, Hartford 72 Smith, F. H., Meats, etc.. New London 174 Smith, R. S., & Son, Furniture, etc.. New London. . . . 172 Smith Brothers, Boots and Shoes, Danbury 93 Smith, Wm. C, Groceries, Hartford 59 Smith, Wm. C, Groceries and Provisions, Hartford... 67 Smith, W. H., & Co., Hardware, Norwalk 102 Snell Business College (The), Norwich iSo Snow, N. S., Fish, Oysters, and Clams, Waterbury... 85 South Norwalk Steam Laundry loi Southworth and Thrasher Co. (The), Mfrs. Druggists' Supplies, New Haven r44 Specialty Mfg. Co., Brass Workers, Waterbury 84 Spencer & Matthews, Paints, Oils, etc.. New Haven. . 146 Spencer & Pierpont, Groceries, Waterbury 84 Spencer, J. E., Mfr. of Patent Shell-bearing Hand Lathes, Bridgeport 122 Springer, A. F., Jeweler, Hartford 72 Star Clothing Co., New London 173 Starr, D., Sash, Doors, etc.. Danbury 96 State Savings Bank, Hartford 61 Stearns' Harness Co., Willimantic 191 Steele, H. W., & Co., Central Market, Birmingham... 125 Sternberg, A. C, Fertilizers, Agr. Implements, etc., Hartford 54 Sterry, A. W., Sail maker. New London 170 Stewart, J. G., Printer, Middletown 166 Stillman, C. A., Western Farm Mortgages, Hartford.. 58 Stirling, Hugh, Mattresses, Bridgeport 121 Stow, D., Furniture, South Norwalk 100 Street, S. H., & Co., Food Products, New Haven 144 Stuart, C. T., Photographer, Hartford 68 Stumpf, J. N., Grocer, Danbury 95 Sullivan, F. E., Concrete Walks, Drives, etc., Bridge- port 121 Taylor & Co., Hardware, Norwalk 102 Taylor, A. F., & Co., Paper Hangings, Waterbury. ... 87 Terrill, J. M.. Stables, Birmingham 125 Teweles' Paper and Fancy Box Mfry., Hartford 65 Thompson, S. S., & Co., Bakery, New Haven 146 Tillinghast, A. H.. Groceries, Hartferd 70 Tobin, R. W., Cigars, Tobacco, etc., Norwich 187 Tontine Hotel. J. W. Bradley, Prop., New Haven. . . . 145 Trout Brook Ice and Feed Co. (The), Hartford 71 Turner House, Danbury 94 Tuthill, J. H., Stables, Bridgeport 115 Uncas Novelty Co. (The), Braided Sash Cord. Rail- road Bell Cords, etc., Norwich 183 Union Pacific Tea Co. , New Haven 139 Union Tea Company, New Britain 79 United States Hotel, Hartford 58 United States Bank (The), Hartford 49 Valentine, F. S., Merchant Tailor, Birmingham 126 Van Vechtan, O. R., Machinist, Norwich 179 Vetter, Louis A., Plumber and Gas Fitter, New Britain. 79 Viets, Carl J., Bookseller and Stationer, New London. 171 Volk Hat Co. (The), South Norwalk lor Vorce, A. D. Co. (The), Mirrors, Frames, etc., Hart- ford 60 Walker, Robert & Co., Paints, Oils, etc., Hartford.. f;6 Wallace, A. W., & Son, Crackers, Cakes, and Biscuit, Bridgeport 1 20 Ward, E., Meats, Poultry, etc., Bridgeport 118 Warner Pharmacy (The), Bridgeport 117 Warner, W. H., Druggist, Bridgeport 120 Warnes, W. B., Pianos, etc., Bridgeport 123 Warren, L. M., & Co., Butter, Cheese, etc., Bridge- port 118 Waterbury Dye Works, Waterbury 85 Waterbury Carriage Co.. Waterbury 83 Waterbury Smelting and Refining Co., Waterbury. ... 84 Watterson, Fred., Hats, Caps, etc.. New Haven 147 Wauregan House, Norwich 179 Webster & Moore, Fire and Marine Ins., Hartford 60 Weed & Clark, Hardware, etc.. New Haven 140 Welch, D. M., & Son, Groceries, New Britain 78 Weller. H. & A., &Co., Clothing, Hartford 62 Wheeler, J. E., Shoes, Slippers, Ties, etc., Birming- ham 126 White, Alonzo, Paper, Blank Books, etc., Hartford... 66 Whittemore, W. L., & Sons, Silver ^Plate, Needle, and Brushes, Hartford 71 Wilco.x & Gibbs, Sewing Machine Co. (The), New Haven 144 Wilcox & White, Organ Co., Meriden 154 Wilhelmy's Bakery, Birmingham 126 Williams, G., & Son, Bakers, New London 171 Windisch, G., Tailor, Danbury , 95 Winthrop One Price Clothing Co. (The), Meriden 160 Winthrop Hotel, G. H. Bowker &IC0., Props., Meriden. 160 Wolcott, J., & Co., Painting, Paper Hanging, New Haven 146 Wood, S. H., Watches, Diamonds, etc.. New Britain.. 78 Wood, J. A., Plumber, etc., Bridgeport 114 Wood's, A. F., Sons, Druggists, New Haven 145 Woodward, W. W., Druggist and Pharmacist, Daniel- sonville 189 Worthington, E. B., Paper Dealer, Norwich 1S4 Wright, O. Scott, Stoves, etc., New Haven 145 Wright Bros.. Truckmen, etc., Birmingham 126 ZuNDER, M., & Sons, Liquors, etc.. New Haven 142 conne;cticut op to-day. Its Chief Btisiness Centres. A BRIEF RESUME OF THE STATE. LTIIOUGH there is an abundance of romance in the year-to-year chronicles of this grand old coiii- monwealth, it is not to be expected in a work of this kind, necessarily compact and brief in character, that the author should enter into a detailed and particular account of all historical and legendary events anterior to the actual settlement of the territory of which he writes ; consequently much that is of itself interesting, though irrelative, will be found entirely ignored or lightly touched upon, the seeker for mere literary amusement and accounts of romantic adventure being referred to former historical publications to be found on the shelves of the Historical Society and the public libraries. Connecticut is our subject, and we shall confine ourselves to a short matter-of-fact account of her origin, vicissitudes, and progress to the present time, with casual reference to individuals and occurrences as have exerted marked influence upon her growth and well-being. With no attempt, therefore, to correct anything previously written, and with the view only of compiling into useful and convenient form, and to the profit of all concerned, much data scattered about, the subject-matter is entered upon. EARLY SETTLEMENT TO DATE OF CHARTER. It was in 1614 that the first exploring expedition of the Connecticut River (from whence the state derives- her name) was made, under command of Captain Adrian Block, commander of an Amsterdam ship, one of five vessels sent out from the New Netherlands. It appears that he, having entered Long Island Sound from the eastward, coasted along until he found the river, up which he sailed, and it was only to a point a short dis- tance above the present site of Hartford that the first white explorers of the river attained. Block Island, near the entrance of the sound, still preserves the name of the discoverer, upon whose voyage, most glowingly reported at home, the Dutch laid their claim to the territory now known as Connecticut. The English claim to this same land was based primarily on a patent granted in 1631 to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brooke, Sir Richard Saltonstall, and their associates by Robert, Earl of Warwick, who derived his title from the patent of New England, granted by James I. in 1630. In 1633 the rival claimants each made their first lodgments on the soil of the state, the Dutch building a fort on the river at Hartford, and one William Holmes of Plymouth Colony, a house at Windsor, some seven miles north. For a few years there was contention between the two VI CONNECTICUT OF TO-DAY. nationalities, but ere long the Dutch yielded, sold out to the English, and retired. In 1635 and 1636 Kev. Thomas Hooker, who had won a reputation in England and Holland as one of the ablest of the non-confonn- ing clergy, emigrated, with nearly his whole congregation, from Cambridge, Mass., where he had been settled, iind founded the towns of Hartford, Wethersfield, and Windsor. It is a satisfaction to record that Hartford, then a tract of six square miles, was honorably purchased of the Indian tribes who inhabited it. In 1636 the first general court was held at Hartford. In 1637 the new colony found itself involved in war with the power- ful Pequod Indians — a war which threatened its very existence, but which ended in 1637 with the virtual extermination of the tribe, consequent upon two crushing defeats inflicted upon them by colonial troops led by •Captain John Mason. New Haven was settled in 1638 from Boston by English settlers, headed by Theophilus Eiton and Rev. John Davenport. In 1639 the people of the state adopted their first constitution, and the first governor chosen under the same was John Haynes, wlio alternated in the office with Edward Hopkins for many years; for until 1659 it was not the custom to allow a governor to serve two consecutive years, although in the alternate years he might be, and generally was, elected " deputy governor," an office equivalent to that of our modern lieutenant governor. In 1643 Connecticut joined the New England confederation — a creation in the main of Haynes and Hooker, for the purpose of combining the strength of the colonies against Indian wars and Dutch aggression. In 1657 John Winthrop was elected governor of Connecticut, a position to which, after the year 1658, he was annually re-elected until his death in 1676. Through his instrumentality the colony of •Connecticut received its charter at the hands of King Charles II., Governor Winthrop journeying to England in the interests of the colony. This charter can still be seen in the office of the secretary of state at Hartford, framed with wood from the Charter Oak. Based as this instrument was upon the colonial constitution of 1639, it was indeed a royal gift, and proved of great value to the young colony, as evidenced by the many subsequent :attempts to revoke it on the part of the successors of Charles II. THE SUCCEEDING TEN DECADES. Upon the death of Governor Winthrop in 1675, William Luete, who had served a term of six years as •governor of New Haven colony, was chosen his successor ; Connecticut thus showing that the union with New Haven was complete and cordial. In 1683 Mayor Robert Treat succeeded to the gubernatorial chair on the death of Governor Leete. In 1687, during the administration of Governor Treat, came the usurpation of Sir Edmund Andres, who, having been appointed governor of New England by James II., assumed sway over the •colonies until the news of tlie fall of his royal master reached America in 1689. In 1690, and again in 1693, the state furnished its quota of troops for the war against the French and Indians. In 1693 Governor Fletclier of the New York colony demanded of Connecticut that its militia be put under his order, under powers con- ferred on him by William and Mary. The assembly and the people declined to accede to this demand, and sent Fitz-John Winthrop, son of the late governor, to England to remonstrate. He was successful in procur- ing a revocation of the order, and was rewarded therefor by the assembly with a present of three hundred pounds sterling, and in 1697 was chosen governor. In 1701 the college was founded at Say brook that was seventeen years later removed to New Haven, and christened Yale College, in honor of its first private benefac- tor, Elihu Y'^ale. During the reign of Queen Anne (1702-14) another futile attempt was made in England to force Connecticut to give up its charter, the failure of which was due, as in prior cases, to the cool-headed •obstinacy of the colonists. In 1707 Fitz-John Winthrop died while governor. He was succeeded by Rev. Gordon Saltonstall, who left the ministry to become governor, an office to which he was re-elected seventeen years. In 1708 the "Say brook riatform " was adopted by the clergy of the state assembled in council at the college commencement. This furnished a uniform standard or confession of faith for the churches of the state, and a guide for the instruction of the college, which was then designed chiefly for the education of young men for the ministry. As all the churches first formed were Congregational, the platform was a matter of such importance that, when the churches had ratified it, the assembly passed a vote expressing its gratification thereat. In 1724 Governor Saltonstall died, and was succeeded by Joseph Talcott, who, like his predecessor, was elected every year until his death in 1741. In 1750 the towns of Enfield, Suffield, Woodstock, and Somers, which since 11^ had been governed by Massachusetts, were returned to Connecticut. In 1751 General Roger Walcott, who had won his rank in the French war, became governor. In 1756 Connecticut furnished 2000 jnen for operations against Canada in the English war against the French, and 5000 more after the disaster at \ ITS CHIEF BUSINESS CENTRES. Ki Fort William IIoiht. It was in this war thai Israel Putnam and Benedict Arnold won their first laurels as Connecticut soldiers. In 1763 a small band of ("onnecticut emigrants settled the beautiful Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, a section of country over which Connecticut claimed jurisdiction under its original patents — a claim disputed, however, by Pennsylvania. The settlers suffered much annoyance from the disputed proprie- torship, but maintained their position in the valley, although in 1778, during the Revolution, a band of 400 British and 700 Indians overran the valley, the latter putting to torture so many of its inhabitants that the "Massacre of W\oming" has passed into history and legend as an example of barbaric cruelty. The title of the land was finally awarded IVnnsylvania, to whose government the Connecticut eolonists then submitted. IMPORTANT EVENTS THAT PRECEDED THE REVOLUTION. When in 1705 the "Stamp Act" went into force, all Connecticut was ablaze with iiidiguation, and Jared IngersoU, of New Haven, the st«mp-master appointed by the crown, was forced to resign the post, in peril of his life, by a body of some five hundred farmers, all bearing staves, who overhauled him in the streets of old Wethcrsfield, as he was on his way to Hartford to put himself in communication with Governor Fitch (himself of Tory proclivities) ;ind the assembly. The clergy of the state, headed by that earnest patriot, Rev. Stephen Johnson of Lyme, were ai-tive in inciting tbe people to opposition ; and when in October Governor Fitcb, despite the earnest remonstrance of two thirds of his council, took tbe oatb to enforce the stamp act, eleven councillors, among whom were two of his successors in the executive chair — Jonathan Trumbull and Matthew Griswold — left tlie room rather than witness the humiliating spectacle. The assembly and people endorsed this protest, and in the ensuing election in 1766 replaced Fitch, the Tory, with William Pitkin, the patriot, with Trumbull as deputy-governor. In 1760 Jonathan Trumliull, who was the famed "Brother Jonathan" of the Revolution, was promoted to be governor, a post to which he was annually re-elected till 1784, when, at the age of seventy-three, he refused further service, after having held one public office and another in the state for fifty-one years. The friend and councillor of Washington, who bestowed on him that name, " Brother Jona- than," that has since come to be applied to the United States as a nation, the honor of being the great war governor of the Revolution, belongs to Trumbull, as did a similar honor to his townsman, Wm. A. Buckingham, in the War of the Rebellion. In 1774 Connecticut prepared for hostilities, ordering New London fortified, and thg towns to lay in ammunition. CONNECTICUT IN THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE. In 177 5 the assembly commissioned Daniel Wooster a major-general, and Israel Putnam a brigadier- With the first news of Lexington, Putnam rode post-haste to Cambridge, whither he had ordered his troops to- join him. From all over Connecticut volunteers were pushing for the seat of war, where the assembly voted to raise six regiments of 1,000 each. The total number of men raised bj' the state during the whole war was 31,959 out of a population of 238,141, a larger number than were enlisted in any other state outside of Massa- chusetts, although Connecticut was but seventh in j)opulation of the Old Thirteen. At Bunker Hill General Putnam was certainly present, and useful, however the question of who held command may be settled. At the disastrous repulse of the Revolutionary troops at Quebec, Arnold, who had been in service from the outbreak of the war, was in command with Montgomery, and had his leg shattered. In June, 1776, the assembly in- structed its representatives in Congress to "give their assent to a Declaration of Independence." The Connec- ticut signers of the great document of July 4, 1776, were Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, and Oliver Walcott, two of whom, Huntington and Walcott, were afterwards governors of the state. In August, 1776, Putnam commanded the Americans in the battle of Long Island, a defeat for which the latest and most careful writers on the subject acquit him of the responsibility. In April, 1777, Governor Tryon^ Tory governor of New York, raided mto Connectictit, burned a portion of Danbury, and, wlien his troop^ were attacked on their retreat by General Wooster with a small force, repulsed their assaults. General Wooster being shot and killed May 21st. Colonel Meigs, with 200 men, retaliated for Tryon's visit by a raid in boats from New Haven to Sag Harbor, Long Island, where they burned thirteen British vessels, captured ninety persons,. and returned scathless. This year Arnold was made major-general, and did splendid ser\'ice at the battle of Saratoga. In February, 1779, Tryon made another raid over the border. Putnam tried to stop him at Green- wich with a few old field-pieces and sixty men, but seeing that his position could be easily flanked, galloped off to Stamford for reinforcements, taking the famous ride down the rugged hill of Uorseneck. July 15, 1779. 14 CONNECTICUT OF TO-DAY. a British fleet landed three thousand troops at the entrance of New Haven Harbor, who, after a stern resistance from the few patriots that could hastij)- be gathered, burned a number of stores and private houses. In 1780 Benedict Arnold turned traitor to his countrv, and in September, 1781, appeared off New London with a British fleet of twenty-four ships. Capturing the city and Fort Trumbull on the 6th of September with little difSculty, a portion of his force attacked Fort Griswold, on the Groton bank of the Thames river, which was most bravely defended by Colonel Ledyard and the Americans under his command. Overpowered at last by the greatly superior number of the enemy who were pouring Into the fort, Ledyard surrendered, but was brutally murdered with his own sword by the British officer to whom he gave it up. Eighty-five Americans were killed in the assault, whose bravery is commemorated by a handsome granite monument one hundred and twenty-seven feet high, which was erected close by the fort in 1830. In New London sixty-five dwellings and eighty other buildings were destroyed by fire, and damage done to the extent of -^500,000. This was the last act of the Revolution on Connecticut soil, and the state eagerly welcomed the honorable peace and indepen- dence that followed the surrender of Cornwallis in October, 1781. INCIDENTS OF HISTORY DURING THE PRESENT CENTURY. The century closed with Connecticut on the highway to greater commercial importance, and rapid increase of population. From Barber's historical collections of Connecticut we trace the principal events of the state to the present time. The news of the declaration of war against England in 1812 was received by the natives of Connecticut with indignation. Her influential men had opposed the embargo laid upon commerce with Eng- land, and they pronounced tlie war a serious mistake. December 14th, 1814, the New England discontent with the war came to a focus in the " Hartford Convention," whereat twenty-six delegates, appointed by the New England legislatures, assembled together. After a session of twenty days the convention adjourned, hav- ing adopted a report making a respectful protest against certain acts of Congress in originating and carrying on the war. This protest was adopted by the legislatures of Connecticut and Massachusetts, but was rendered useless by the conclusion of peace, February 17, 1815. The return of peace not only put an end to dissatisfac- tion with the war, but in a short time to the old Federal party that bad held continuous sway in the state; and in 1817 Oliver Wolcott, second son of the last Governor "Walcott, was elected governor by a combination of the opposition elements. In 1818 the same combination elected a legislature in favor of a constitutional con- vention, which was speedily called, met in August, and formed a constitution, which was ratified by the people in October. Under this constitution, with but few amendments, the state is still governed. In 1824 Trinity College was started at Hartford under control of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1872 the college grounds were sold to the state for $600,000, as a site for the new capital building, and a new location, a mile south, purchased for the college, where fine buildings of Portland freestone have been erected for its use. In 1831 Wesleyan University, the oldest and best known American college under control of the Methodist Episcopal Churcli, was organized at Middletown. In 1847 Connecticut furnished a company for the New England regi- ment in the Mexican War, a regiment of which Thos. H. Seymour, of Hartford, returned as colonel. He was subsequently governor of the state from 1850 to 1854. CONNECTICUT'S CIVIL WAR RECORD. The opening of the Civil War in 1861 found Connecticut in a state of patriotic ferment, which was fanned to a livid heat by the devoted patriotism and energy of the then presiding governor of the state, William A. Buckingham, of Norwich, who, like his great prototype, Trumbull, was a native of Lebanon. Nay ! it has been aptly remarked that Buckingham stood in the same relation to President Lincoln at this crisis as did Trumbull to the "Father of his country " in the struggle of '76. Certain it is that to Governor Buckingham's efforts is due the fact that Connecticut was among the first of the Federal States to get her troops to the front. The total number of men credited to the state during the whole war was 54,882, and comprised twenty-eight regiments of infantry (two colored), two of heavy artillery, a regiment and squadron of cavalry, and three light batteries. These were so distributed among the dififerent Union armies that there was hardly a battle of moment during the war in which Connecticut troops were not creditably engaged. In 1865 the rejoicings over the emancipation proclamation and the end of the war were sharply turned to mourning by the news of the assassination of the beloved President Lincoln, and Connecticut, in common with the other states of the north, gave solid expression to the universal feeling of grief. The events since the war period are fresh in tlie memory of most citizens. The years comprising the interval iiave been those in which the state as it is ITS CHIEF BUSINESS CENTRES. 15 to-day has been built up in full view of those now living. Railroads have expanded, the various cities and towns have extended their limits, the waste places have been turned into busy workshops and beautiful homes, the telephone, the electric light, and a vast number of conveniences unknown to former days have been added, and the population of the state has Increased (according to the estimate furnished by the secretary of State Board of Health (from 623,700 in 1880 to some 750,000 during the current year. TERRITORIAL AREA, TOPOGRAPHY, MINERALOGICAL ADVANTAGES. Connecticut has an area of 4,750 square miles. It is bounded on the east by Rhode Island, north by Massachusetts, west by New York, south by Long Island Sound. Its climate is changeable but healthful; its soil, especially in the valley of the Connecticut river^ good, but as a whole best adapted for grass growing. Its woods are abundant and valuable, while its fruits are excellent and plentiful. Tobacco is extensively raised, especially in Hartford county, along the Connecticut river, and has in years past been a most profitable crop, though at the low prices which have prevailed for the past fifteen years or more, it has been much less so than of old. The mineral resources of the state are varied and extensive, the most valuable quarries being those of red sandstone or freestone — found in abundance at Portland on the Connecticut ; at Canaan is found the white marble of which the handsome State House is built; at Bolton, a micaceous slate, useful for flagging; while at Salisbury and Kent iron ore is found in such abundance, that iron production has become the chief interest of that section of the state. Granite and limestone are also abundant in various sections, and of excellent quality; while cobalt, feldspar, and copper are found in lesser quantity, with clay in abundance for bricks. MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES. To dwell upon the manufacturing advantages of Connecticut, when the reputation of her manufactured products is world-wide, is "like carrying coal to Newcastle." In a volume, however, where the progress of the community is the subject-matter of its pages, and that progress is the result of manufacturing advantages, we have added in our survey of the leading cities and towns of the commonwealth an exhibit of the scope and streno-th they individually control, to the end of presenting the ability of each city in the trade contests of the nations to retain the progressive character of the state. In its commercial sense, an advantage is some quality, positive strength, or other inherent power, held in superiority by one community over another. With Connec- ticut this is all summed up in the one word — concentration ; for it seems as if nature had gathered all manu- facturing facilities and hurled them in one mass into position there — in its vicinity being all the requisites for permanent domination. To compete successfully with Connecticut other states must have the same aggregate of advantages. As an individual, with all his limits fully developed, mind trained, brain healthy, physical and perfect muscular development, is to one where one or more limbs are wanting, education deficient, and limited powers of mind, so Connecticut in the contest for manufacturing supremacy stands to-day in comparison with any other territory of like area. There is nothing wanting to give her the victor's wreath if her people so will, and a progress to which her past is but an " unconsidered trifle." NAMES NOT BORN TO DIE. The social, professional, religious, and literary life of Connecticut has always been high advanced ; and many illustrious names adorn her history as contributors to the various spheres of knowledge and activity in all our busy American. development. It may be recalled with pride by the dweller in the " Laud of Steady Habits" that his state has furnished such poets as Trumbull, Percival, Brainard, Halleck, and Stedman ; such philolo- gists as Noah Webster and J. Hammond Trumbull ; such theologians as Horace Bushnell, Leonard Bacon, and Noah Porter ; such antiquarian students and historians as C. J. Iloadley ; such writers on educational topics as Henry Barnard; such political economists as Theodore Woolsey^ D. A. Wells, and W. G. Sumner; such writers of fiction and cssavists as Harriet Beecher Stowe, Charles Dudley Warner, Donald G. Mitchell, Samuel L. Clemens ("Mark Twain") and many others; and in science the elder Silliman, Charles King, and many more. In legal circles such names as Ellsworth, Waite, Gould, Goddard, Storrs, Seymour, Waldo, and many others have been famous, while at the bar a very long array of talent might be named. Of orators there is also a long array, including such names as Sherman, Griswold, Baldwin, Deming, Stewart, Harrison, and Hubbard. In art. Colonel John Trumbull of Connecticut was the finest painter of the Revolutionary era, not to dwell upon contemporaneous names in the firmament of science, literature, and art. 16 CONNECTICUT OF TO-DAY. CONNECTICUT TO-DAY— A LEAF FROM THE COMPTROLLER'S BUDGET. A fair criterion of Connecticut's financial status, and to what extent her various departments are provided for, raay be gleaned by a glance at the following excerpt from the biennial report of Comptroller John B. Wright, showing the receipts from all sources for the civil list during the two fiscal years ended June 30, 1890. We quote from the statement for the past tvvelve months. "The payments from June 30, 1889, to the 1st of July, 1890, were: Sessions of the General Assembly, $5,182.19 salaries, and Expenses in Executive Ofiices, $27,507.42; Judicial Expenses, $301,329.38 ; Board of Prisoners in County Jails, $84,568.97 ; State Capital and Grounds, $34,898.09; Contingent Expenses, $292,797.47; State Board of Education, $16,456.07; State Normal Schools, $34,780.23; Common Schools, $245,181.85; State Library, $3,600.92; State Prison, $48,285.51; State Reform School, $62,543.09; Connecticut Industrial School, $35,815.16; State Paupers, $5,539.47 ; Humane Institutions, $157,637.65 ; Sick and Wounded Soldiers, $136,086.66 ; Deceased Soldiers, $7,611; Agricultural Affairs, $43,703.23; National Guard, $108,536.10; Governor's Guard, $5,847.56; Printing and Circulating Public Documents, $53,651.08; Soldier's Children, $4,310.03; Fish Commissioners, $2,795.03 ; Shellfish Commissioners, $14,378 ; State Board of Health, $7,000 ; Railroad Com- missioners, $11,498.91 ; Bank Commissioner.s, $5,181.82; Insurance Commissioners, $1,844.10; State Board of Charities, $2,290.41; Taxes Refunded, $255.50; Pharmacy Commissioners, $1,069.97 ; Special Commissions, $23,076.80 ; Bureau of Labor Statistics, $9,679.10; Inspector of Factories, $2,489.71 ; School Fund Commis- sioner, $14,96(i.63. Total, $1,567,965.92." . . . The receipts for the last fiscal year were $2,768,565.58; from forfeited bonds, $22,636.56 ; from Avails of Court, $372.95. Total, $2,791,575.09. Balance of account to July 1, 1890, $897,674.26. ********* With such a fiscal showing Connecticut may justly claim an elevated rank among the slates of the Union in such direction. Again, she is one of the mother states of New England, and if Massachusetts may lay claim to being the birthplace of American freedom, surely Connecticut raay be designated its cradle. In every sec- tion of her territory one sees smiling and prosperous cities, townships, and villages, and to a marked extent the appearance of public and private happiness. To whatever cause blind (politicians may ascribe this, it may rightly be attributed to the fact that is indeed because "the pilgrim spirit has not fled." l^im^ ml^TOl^ rank, amo.g the 1^ most di^tinojuisbed and progressive cities on the American Continent. It has an honored past, a prosperous present, and " ' a bright and encouraging future. It h distinguished as the cradle of Republicanism — of the policy of " the government of the people, by the people, for the people " ; and as a seat of important manufactures, the home of the largest and most substantial of American insurance corporations, and as a delightful and healthful place of residence it has become known to ail the ends of the earth. The founders of the city were men who in the early years of the seventeenth century were in quest of liberty, civil and religious. They formed part of a band who left England for Holland because of the religious restraints put upon them ; but eleven years' residence among the Dutch failed to satisfy their hopes of gaining there the religious and civil liberties they were in want of. Accordingly, they returned to England and thence set sail for the New World in the historic Mayflower, on September 6, 1620. They reached Cape Cod on November 9th following. They anchored in the roadstead of the present Provincetown, and finding they were outside the limits of the grants made to other English settlers by the English sovereign, and also that they had no right to the soil and were destitute of the powers of government, they entered into a voluntary contract as follows: " We do, by these presents, solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God and one another, covenant and bind ourselves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the end aforesaid, and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions, and offices from time to time, as shall be thought to be most meet and convenient for the general good of the colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience." Herein was the germ of the American Constitution that was subse- quently brought into active life and operation a few years later in the present city of Hartford. The little band at Provincetown numbered, all told, one hundred and one men, women, and children. Having made their civil contract with each other in the above form, they proceeded to examine the coast, and at length decided to settle at Plymouth, where they arrived December 1 1, 10'20. Without expatiating upon the story 34 HARTFORD, of the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers and the hardships they had to undergo, — facts which are so well known to every school-boy, — it may be mentioned that before these self-same Pilgrims left England they formed a con- tract with merchants there to carry on their commerce in common for a period of seven years. This they faithfully carried out, and at the end of the seven years the property belonging to the little colony was divided among the survivors. The government of the little colony was administered by a governor chosen annually by the people and seven persons who were called " assistants," and who were elected in the same manner. In 1639 a House of Representatives was established. In after years the political afiairs of Plymouth colony became connected with those of other colonies, especially with those of the Massachusetts colony, with which it became incor- porated in 1792. Because of what is to follow, some marked diflferences between the governments of the New England colonies and those of other colonies in America may here be noticed. The colonies in New England had charter governments, while the other colonies were either royal or proprietary. In New England the government and ownership were in the colonists themselves. In the other colonies government and ownership were in the crown or proprietors, or else the government was vested in one and the property in the other. The Puritans were, as is well known,ever ready advocates and combatants for civil and religious liberty, as well as for the rights of edu- cation for every child ; and these were the men who, while the British Parliament was debating the king's right to give certain privileges he had in patents for the settlement of American colonies, landed and made the iirst permanent settlement without any charter at all. The pioneer Puritans were joined by others from England, until, in 1630, they numbered about three hundred. Ten years after their arrival at Plymouth the companv in England which held the king's patent granted to the Plymouth settlers a title to the land they occupied. While the Plymouth colony was increasing in numbers, the Massachusetts colony was enlarging also, and it was from the latter colony that THE PIONEER SETTLERS OF HARTFORD came, and like that of most other places, the history of the civil life of Connecticut's capital is also that of its religious efEort. The founders of Hartford came from Newtown (now Cambridge), Mass., in 1635, and included nearly one liundred men, women, and children. In honor of the town they came from they called the place Newtown, and among their leaders were two clergymen, the Revs. Dr. Thomas Hooker and Sanmel Stone. Most of the early settlers were originally from Essex, England. Dr. Hooker had previously been a noted preacher in the Established Church of England, and was the statesman of the little colony, who founded here a church without a bishop and a state without a kino;. The colonists had been refused by the general court of Massachusetts permission to migrate to Hart- ford, but they came just the same, with their cattle, household sjoods, wagons, and farming utensils and tools. When they aiTived they found a few white men and the Indian possessors on the ground, and they purchased from the Red Men an area of thirty or forty square miles. The few white men on the ground were ad- mitted to the privileges of the purchase. But this transaction with the local tribe of Indians did not please the Pequot Indians from the neighborhood of New York, who claimed to be the lords of the soil by right of conquest over the local tribe. The Pequots at once proceeded to make matters uncomfortable for the settlers, whom they attacked with torch and tomahawk, but the colonists mustered a force of ninety men, and under the command of John Mason they put the Pequots to everlasting silence and secured permanent peace. Memorial Areh. HARTFORD. 35 Then the settlers began to rear their log cabins and form the groundwork for the upbuilding of the hand- some and progressive city of to-dav. The Indians had called the place " Suckidug," which is said to have meant " Black Earth," and had allusion to the rich meadows pn the banks of the river. The settlers, on Feb- ruary 21. 1637, resolved to change the name from Newtown to Hartford, and this out of compliment to the Rev. Samuel Stone, who was a native of Hartford (now Hertford), Hertfordshire, England. The community was 11 religious one, if anything, and the first place of wor- ship, built in 1638, stood near the present southeastern 36 HARTFORD, L„ corner of City Hall Square, It was in this church, on May :n. 1638, that Dr. Hooker denounced the "divine right of kings to rule the people," and gave THE KEY-NOTE TO ALL REPUBLICAN GOVERNMENTS by declaring that "the choice of public magistrates belongs to the people by God's own allowance; that they HARTFORD. 37 have the power to appoint otKoers and magistrates ; that it i* in their power also to set the bounds and limita- tions of the time, power, and place to which they call them." Ilcre the first public and original municipality was the town organization, wielding all political power before anj- kingly authority, demonstrating that, bj- the town meeting, the home parliament of the citizen, their equal rights and liberties, were obtained and successfully and ably maintained for over two hundred years. In 1638 Roger Ludlow, John Havnes, Henry Wolcott, Edward Hopkins, and Thomas Hooker began forming a written constitution, which was finished in 1639, and was the first ever formed in America, embody- ing all the main points of our subsequent constitutions, and also of the Federal Constitution, so that Connecti- ■ut mav claim to have been the model for our whole Republic. It was adopted at Hartford January 14th, 1639, Roger Ludlow being the reputed author. The state of Connecticut was never governed by any one whose authority was derived from monarcbs or kings. The people always ruled. In April, 1639, the com- missioners of the state met and adopted this new Constitution, under the name of the state of Connecticut, and chose for tlieir first governor John Ilaynes. They held the first court that met as a General Assembly, and adopted the first written constitution in the history of nations. In the memorable convention of 178V to form New High-School Building a union of the states the main features of the Connecticut Constitution were accepted as a compromise by the disputants, ind thus they came to form a part of the Federal Constitution. THE CITY OF HARTFORD was formerly larger than it is to-day. Originally it contained all the territory now known as the towns of Hartford, East Hartford, \W>st Hartford, and Manchester. In 1T84 East Hartford and Manchester were set oflE from Hartford, and West Hartford was taken away in 18.54. On May 29th, 1784, one-sixth part of the terri- tory of Hartford wns incorporated as a city. The charter provided for mayor and other officers, four aldermen, and twenty councilmen. The first city election was held June 4th, 1784. Until 1825 the mayor of the city was appointed by the General Assembly. Hartford is not only the capital of the state of Connecticut, but also of the county of Hartford. It was con- stituted in 1665, its original limits including all of Tolland county, and portions of the counties of Litchfield and New London. During the first years of the eighteenth century the limits of Hartford county, as defined by 38 HARTFORD. ' act of the General Court in 1665, were enlarged by annexing several towns which had oeen organized in the outlaying districts. At the commencement of the Revolution there were fifteen towns in the county, hut its. present territory includes but ten. The expedition for the capture of Ticonderoga in May, 1775, had its ori- gin in this county, and seems to have been first suggested by General Samuel H. Parsons. April 26th, Cap- tains Noah and Elisha Phelps, of Simsbury, and Epaphas Bull, William Nichols, Elijah Babcock, John Bigelow, and Bernard Romans, of Hartford, started for Vermont, where they met Ethan Allen. The party was subse- quently joined by Captain Edward Mott, of Preston, to whom the importance and feasibility of this movement had also occurred. The successful result of the expedition was largely due to the sagacity and shrewdness of Captain Noah Phelps. In common with the rest of New England, Hartford county was firmly opposed to the war of 1812. The county was, however, brought into especial prominence in connection with the war by the famous "Hartford Convention," which assembled in that city December loth, 1814. THE SITUATION OF HARTFORD is a very delightful and advantageous one. It stands on the west bank of the Connecticut River, sixty miles from Long Island Sound, and at the head of steamboat and sloop navigation. It lies one hundred miles north- east of New York, and is by rail ninetv-five miles s.w.s. of Boston. The valley of the Connecticut river at this point is about twenty miles wide, and is enclosed on the west by the Talcott range of hills, and on the east by those of Bolton. From some of the higher buildings in the city uninterrupted views of most pleasing landscapes can be had on almost all points of the compass. The whole valley of the Connecticut is studded with prosper- ous villages and towns, all of which are tributary to the city's growth and material well being. The soil in the surrounding country is noted for its fertility, and some of the sections hereabouts have gained the well deserved title of " The Garden of New England." AVith all these advantages, and possessing, in addition, the best possible TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES, the markets of Hartford are kept abundantly supplied from a rich agricultural section with fruits and food products of every description, and every facility is offered for the shipment of manufactures and commerce to and from all points at home and abroad. MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. Though the pioneer settlers in Hartford were agriculturists and traders, manufacturing early became a notable feature in the industrial activity of the people. With them Necessity was the mother of Invention, and their wits were brought into play in the devising of schemes and mechanical appliances for reducing the ex- haustion of muscle. The spirit of invention lias grown with each succeeding generation, until Hartford has be- come famed for its inventors, who have played an important part in the development of business enterprises leading to the investment of millions of capital and the production of goods that are shipped to all corners of the globe. In commerce, Hartford holds a front-rank position among the leading cities of New England. Her busi- ness thoroughfares are lined with mercantile establishments that are the equal of those of more pretentions cities on the American continent in point of capacity, excellence, and variety of stocks, prices, and facilities for the prompt and satisfactory fulfilment of orders. The time was, ere the advent of the railroad system, when Hartford carried on an extensive trade with the West Indies, and when she controlled a large share of the traffic of the Connecticut vallev to the sources of the river. The increasing of railways and the upgrowth of other commercial centres at different points, however, took from the capital city much of this trade, but the loss has been more than made good by the increase of wealth and population within and immediately around her own borders, so that to-day Hartford is a busv, bustlins; commercial, as well as an important manufacturing cen- tre, increasing in strength and solidity year by year, and offering to purchasers one of the best markets in the United States. The manufacturers and merchants of Hartford are a live, shrewd, progressive class of men, who have the interests and welfare of their favored city at heart. Two years ago the leaders among them established them- selves into a Board of Trade, and as a body, they have done valiant service in making known to the outside world the advantages which Hartford has to offer to manufacturers and merchants who are looking for a favor- able and advantageous base of operations in any field of enterprise. The officers of the Board, whose rooms. HARTFORD. 39 are iit No. 39 Pearl Street, are: J. M. Allen, president; P. H. Woodward, secretary ; M. II, Whaples, treasurer. Vice-presidents: 0. 0. Kimball and Pliny Jewell. Directors: J. M. Allen, C. C. Kimball, Frank S. Brown, Geo. A. Fairfield, Judson H. Root, Wm. H. Post, Wni. II. Goodrich, John F. Morris, Chas. E. Billings, M. H. Whaples, John G. Root, Chas. B. Whiting, Geo. P. Bisscll, H. C. Dwight, Morgan G. Bulkelcy, John H. Hall, F. A. Pratt, Chas. M. Beach, A. E. Burr, Geo. II. Day, Chas. E. Gross, Asa S. Cook, A. B. Gillett, O. H. Blan- chard, and S. .\I. Brouson. Ujf ife^V .ilk T\ fi I :. State Street. Ir^h 40 HARTFORD. Tlie Board has issued from the pen of its highly acconipHshed and able secretary, Mr. Woodward, a hand- somely printed, exhaustively and cleverly written illuminated volume, descriptive of the manufactures, trade, growth, and attractions of Hartford. This is one of the most complete and finest works we have ever seen come from a Board of Trade anywhere, and to it and its compiler we are indebted for many important facts and statements presented now to our readers. To all who are seeking to locate business enterprises in Hart- ford, the Board of Trade is ready and willing to afford every information and other valuable assistance. Among the city's manufacturing concerns there arc upwards of thirty incorporated companies, with an aggregated capi- tal of over ten million dollars. If there is one thing more than another for which Hartford has gained a world-wide celebrity, it is as THE CHIEF CENTRE OF THE INSURANCE BUSINESS OF THE COUNTRY. Hartford was a pioneer in this line of effort, and " has passed triumphantly through sore straits and great public disasters, winning by pure merit a pre-eminence, which promises to be permanent. Beginning in a small way b}- the issuance of marine and fire policies, she afterwards established life companies, and later on diverged into special branches, wherein her success has provoked many imitators, most of whom have paid dearly for their rashness. Leadership has been gained not by luck or accident or favoring circumstances, but by profound study of the facts and principles involved in the business, by high native intelligence, sharpened to a keen edge in frequent adversities, by patient endurance through periods of misfortune, by heroic courage in meeting exceptional calamities, and not lca.st by scrupulous integrity in dealings with the public. Sporadic cases of dishonesty will occur everywhere, but here instances of the kind have been rare, and even before any overt act, men suspected of crooked proclivities have found the atmosphere extremely uncongenial and repel- lant." Five of the nine companies organized here are still in active and growing existence, four of them ranking among the leading institutions of the kind in the country. Their combined assets amount to over 1100,000,000, invested with great care and solidity, and they have returned to their policy-holders since organization more than $200,000,000. The capital, properly speaking, cannot be even roughly approximated, because most of them are mutuals, with no capital at all except the accumulations from business. The stock companies are a small minority, and their nominal capital bears little relation to their business. Detailed ref- erence to the several insurance corporations will be found in another part of this work. FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. Among the most important accessories to the growth and development of the manufactures and commerce of the city are the fiduciary institutions, with which Hartford is amply provided. There are nine national banks, with an aggregated capital of $5,97.5,000, a surplus of over two and a half millions, and deposits amount- ing to about ten millions. In addition there are eight State banks, w ith an aggregate capital of $2,000,000, a surplus of $629,758, and deposits amounting to about six millions. The banks of discount in Hartford, National and State, have an aggregate capital of $7,975,000, with a surplus, at the date of the last official returns, of $3,194,789, and with deposits of $15,371,320. Capital and surplus united exceed eleven millions, and this large sum is further swollen by the deposits to over twenty-six millions. In addition to the above there are three savings banks, all in a healthy, prosperous condition, namely The State Savings Bank, chartered May, 1858 ; The Mechanic's, in 1861 ; and the Dime, in 1870. THE CITY'S GROWTH. Hartford has been steady and strong in its growth during the present century. According to statistics collated in 1818, Hartford had then a population of 6,500, 850 dwellings, 6 churches, 12 district schools, 8 distilleries, and 21 taverns. The city was then the leading trade centre of the State. It had then 5 wholesale and 26 retail dry goods, and 68 grocery, provision, crockery, and drug-stores, 9 printing-offices, 14 houses concerned in navigation, 7 book stores, 1 cotton factory, of 320 spindles, 2 woolen factories, 1 machine cord factory, with an annual product of $10,000 ; 2 hat factories, one employing 36 hands; 1 oil mill, 6 tanneries, 5 potteries, one button factory, one whip lash factory, with a yearly out-put of $10,000 ; 2 tin shops, 2 looking- glass factories, with an aggregate annual product of $30,000 ; 4 coppersmiths, one employing 20 workmen ; 1 bell foundry, 1 paper-hanging and 1 marble paper factory, 6 book binderies, 3 engravers, 8 gold and silver smiths' shops, 15 shoe factories, 10 coopers, 3 lottery offices, 1 maker of pewter (Britannia) ware, 2 gold leaf, 1 HARTFORD 41 umbrella, and 1 lirush factoiy, with llie usual coiiipk'iiu.'nt of iiilsccllanomis eiuployuieiits. From 1882 to 1888 the number of shops in the city increased forty per cent. To-day the manufactui-ing establishments of Hartford employ approximately 4,979 men and 1,229 ^irls, disburse |i:?,15t),600 annually in wages, and turn out an an- nual product of 13,000,000, the cost of materials in some bearing a high ratio to the cost of labor. Assum- ing that every man thus engaged supports on an average three and two-tenths persons, and that the females simply take care of themselves, the shops of the city maintain directly 17,261 people. As the percentage .)f liighly skilled workmen is unusually large, embracing inventors and mechanical engineers who are continually improving existing methods as well as enlarging the command of man over the forces of Nature, the value of this component of our population can hardly be overestimated. The above does not include newspaper offices, builders, masons, plumbers, painters, tailors, slioemakers, scattered workmen occupied mainly with repairs, or oersons ■onnectcd with the manufacturing departments of mercantile houses. "In 1750 Hartford ranked as the third town in population within the present limits of the county, Wind- Coiinty Building, ^-^^ sor Standing first and Faruiington second. Since then tlie boundaries of esfclj have been materially curtailed by the creation of new townships. The decennial census of 1790 was the first to place Hartford, with a popula- tion of 4,090, at the front. During tlie next thirty years' growth was slow, the number of inhabitants reaching but 6,901 in 18"20, a gain of loss than seventy per cent while a generation was crossing the stage. The popula- tion increased to 9,789 in 1830; 12,793 in 1840; 17.966 in 1850; 29,152 in 1860; 37,743 in 1870 ; and to 42,551 in 1880." The population of the city in 1890 was STREETS AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS. \ Hartford is very compactly built upon unchilating ground, and presents a very pleasing scene from what- ever quarter approached. The buildings are for the most part built of brick and freestone, and the various msnrance offices are architectural ornaments of the city. The train lands the visitor in a new, handsomely or- nate, well-arranged, and convenient station, and as soon as he leaves this he sees before him, standing in majestic crrandeur upon the summit of a hill, whose slopes arc covered with gl^ensward. intersected with well laid-ont 42 HARTFORD. walks, the State Capitol, keeping watch and ward over that much-prized and favorite " breathing-placo," Busli- nell Park, named after Rev. Dr. Horace Bushnell, and laid out in 1853. This park contains nearly fifty acres, is well wooded, and has within it bronze statues of General Israel Putnam of Revolutionary fame, and Dr. Hor- ace Wells, the discoverer of anaesthesia. One of the entrances to the park is under the Soldiers' and Sailors' Memorial Arch, forming part of the bridge crossing the Little or Park river, which sluggishly winds itself along the base of the park, which formerly formed a part of the grounds of Trinity College, and was purchased for $300,000. The Memorial Arch, of which a view is given in these pages, is built of Connecticut freestone. and ornamented with historical battle- scenes in bas-relief of gray sandstone. It is a beautiful and impressive monu- ment, was designed by Architect George Kellar, of this city, and was erected at a cost of $100,000 by the city and the munificence of Mr. IJisseil. The new capitol — a view of which will be found in these pages — is a tire-proof marble structure, a little over 295 feet long, with a depth in the centre of 189 feet, and a height to the top of the crowning figure of 256 feet. In addition to commodious halls for the senate and house, and rooms fiir legislative committees and execu- tive officers and commissions, it fur- nishes accommodations for the Su- preme Court of the state, and for the state library. In the western vestibule ■ire deposited the faded and tattered liattle-tiags borne by Connecticut regi- ments during the war, overlooked by •I bronze statue of Governor Bucking- ham. Statues in marble of eminent sons of the commonwealth adorn tlie exterior walls, and this is but the lieginning of the work. Ground was liroken in 1872, and the building was ready for occupancy in 1878. Up to .lanuary, 1885, the total expenditure for land, construction, furniture, and belongings reached $3,342,550. For architectural beauty, convenience, and solidity, it is unsurpassed by any other state capitol in the country. At the base of the park is Asylum Street, which leads directly from the railroad station to the centre of- the city. .\.sylum Street, an illustration of which will be found in this volume, contains some of the best business blocks in the city, and a large wholesale trade is transacted on this thoroughfare. Main Street runs north and south through the city, and is the chief thoroughfare. It reaches from the northern to the southern extremity of the city, dividing it into nearly equal parts, and contains many of the public buildings, churches, and retail stores, and some of the most magnificent insurance offices in the country. Turning from Asylum Street to the right on Main Street, the old State House will be seen opposite, with the new Post-ofiice just east of it, and The Courant Building. HARTFORD. -t* on the corner of Pearl Street, the immense and beautiful granite building of the Connecticut Mutual Life In- surance Company. A short distance south, on the east side of Main Street, arc the brownstone building of the ^£tna Insurance Company and the large granite building of the ^Etna Life Insurance Company. Main Street is the chief retail street, and for about a mile in either direction is occupied by a very good class of stores. To the north of Asylum Street, on the east side of North Main Street, is the large freestone business block, known as the Cheney Block. State Street leads from Main Street, opposite Asylum Street, to the steamboat landing, on the Connecticut river, and is one of the principal wholesale business streets. On Pearl Street, near Main, the visitor will see the Pearl Street Congregational Church, 'and the unique brick building of the Phoenix Fire Insurance Comp.iny ; and on the north side, at the corner of Ann Street, the handsome granite building of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, opposite which is the printing-ofBde of Case, Lockwood & Brainard. Main. State, Pearl, Ann, Trumbull, and Asylum Streets are the principal business streets. Some of the finest residences of the city are on Charter Oak Place, South Main Street, Wethersfield Avenue, and Washington Street, in the south part; and Asylum Avenue and Farmington Avenue, and streets adjoining, in the west part of the city, and west of the railroad depot. The houses here are of elegant design, and each is surrounded by its garden and lawn. The streets are lined with beautiful trees, and present many attractions. From Broad Street a good view will be obtained of the city, and many of the larger public educa- tional and charitable institutions. To the south of the new State House is Washington Street, lined with beautiful residences, and justly the pride of the city as a street of residences. Farther east and just south of the junction of Wethersfield and Maple Avenues is Mrs. Colt's residence, one of the most elegant in the city. To the left of the junction is Wyllis Street, leading to the river, near the celebrated Colt's Armory Works. At the foot of the hill is one of the most beautiful Gothic churches in this country. It was built by Mrs. Colt, in memory of her late husband, Col. Samuel Colt. At the river is the vast dyke erected by Colonel Colt, to keep the annual freshets fron> covering his extensive factories. This dyke encloses twenty-three acres of meadow that would be otherwise use- less, and cost |;80,000. It was originally built by Colonel Colt, but the city afterwards paid a part of the ex- pense, on account of the great value of the territory reclaimed from the river. Charter Oak Place — a very beautiful and quite retired avenue — runs from Charter Oak to Wyllis Streets, comm.inding a fine view of the Connecticut river and valley. The site of the famous Charter Oak is marked by a marble slab at the north end of this "Place," at its junction with Charter Oak Street. Reference has been made above to the old State House on the corner of Main and State Streets. This is the second State House erected in Hartford, and is now used for municipal ofiiees and for the meetings of the Common Council. This building is of brick, with brown-stone trimmings, and was built in 1796 at a cost of $52,000, some of which was raised by lottery. In front of this building the first State House stood. It was a wooden structure, 70 .and 30 feet in dimensions, and was built m 1719-20, and served the State for three- fourths of a century. Prior to the erection of this building the General Court met at the church. The Gov- ernment Building, standing in the rear of the second State House, or City Hall, is a substantial granite building, three stories high, with Mansard roof, and furnishes quarters for the post-ofiice, the United States Court, and the collection of customs. The site was given by the city, and its erection entailed a cost of $874,291, and took from 1873 to 1883 to complete it. The Arsenal, a by no means imposing building, vras erected in 1812 on an area of land bought for the pur- pose. The building does not present a very fortress-like appearance, but the yard is well stocked with cannon and other warlike emblems. RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. As in the case of all other New England communities education and religion have always been joined hand in hand in Hartford, and both have been carefully and liberally fostered by the people. One of the first public acts of the pioneer settlers was to found a town school, and this has had an uninterrupted history up to the present day, appearing now in the Public High School — a fine, substantial, imposing brick building, erected m 1882-83 at a cost of $2.50,000. In all there are seventeen public schools all excellently conducted, and be- sides these, there are many admirably managed private educational establishments. The city is well provided with libraries. The state library in the capitol contains about twelve thousand volumes; the Hartford Library Association has 35,000 volumes; and the Connecticut Historical Society con- 44 HARTFORD. tains 22,000 besides numerous pamphlets, manuscripts, and antiquities. The Athen.*am Art Gallery contains a valuable collection of paintings, founded in 1855. A Hartford family has offered to give §250,000 for the founding of a free library and art gallery, provided §400,000 is raised by subscription, and the subscription is now in progress. To Hartford belongs the credit of sustaining one of the oldest newspapers in the country, the Connecticut Courant, which was first issued October 29, 1764. The Courant is the only morning newspaper in Connecticut which is a member of the Associated Press, and during its career of one hundred and twenty-five years its name has become known throughout the entire country, and its position of leadership among Republican journals is everywhere recognized. The proprietors are Gen. Joseph R. Hawley, Charles Dudley Warner, S. A. Hubbard, William H. Goodrich, and Charles H. Clark. In 1880 the firm erected the present handsome Courant Building on State Street. The Hartford Times was established in 1817 to battle for religious and civil libert\'. The paper did not prosper till A. E. Burr, purchased one half of it in January, 18.39, and the other half two years later. He started the daily in 1841. For half a century the Times has been conducted by him either alone or in associa- tion with other members of the family, and during the period has steadily grown in value and influence. For many years it has been one of the leading Democratic journals of the country. The Post, started in 1858, was purchased in 1867 by Marshall Jewell, H. T. Sperry, and Ezra Hall. It is aggressively Republican in politics. It was published mornings till 1868, when changed to an evening issue, having secured the subscription list and good-will of the Press, which had been printed under the old name as an evening edition of the Courant after the purchase of the latter by Hawley, Goodrich & Co. in 1867. The Post is a quarto in form, and admirably conducted. The Christian Secretary, published weekly by Rev. Charles A. Piddock, has been the organ of the Con- necticut Baptists since 1822. The Reliyious Herald, founded in 1843 by D. B. Mosely and continued by his sons, represents the views of the Congregationalists. The Connecticut Catholic, published weekly by M. F. Scanlan, has a large constituency. There are two Sunday papers in Hartford the Journal, edited and published by Joseph H. Barnum ; and the Globe, by Allen Willey. The Daily Record-Telepram was formed in January, 1889, by the union of the Telegram and Record. The Hart/order Herald is issued every Saturday in German. Besides these are several publications devoted to special interests, the name generally indicating the pur- pose, as the American Journal of Education, the Weekly Underwriter, the Poultry World, the Insurance Journal, the Examiner, and still others issued at regular intervals by several of the insurance companies. In church establishments Hartford is liberally provided. The first church, organized as early as 1633, at Xewtown (Cambridge), Mass., was transplanted to Hartford in 1636, and became a power in the civil as well as religious affairs of the infant commonwealth. CHARITABLE AND BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. In providing for the sick and needy the better-to-do class of citizens of Hartford have been comraendably liberal. The Old People's Home was opened for the reception of inmates December 1, 1884. It provides homes for the aged of both sexes, who find such a refuge desirable. THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CITY. Connecticut has from its first settlement always enjoyed the right of independent self-government, secured to them in the first instance in April, 1662, by Gov. John Winthrop from Charles Second. When James II. ascended the English throne he sent Sir Edmund Andros as governor of New England, and on October 31, 1687, Andros, attended by a retinue of soldiers, arrived in Hartford to demand the surrender of the charter given by Charles II. Captain Joseph Wads worth secured the charter and hid it in the hollow of a tree. James was subsequently deposed, and the charter was then brought from its hiding-place and again hecame operative until it was superseded bv the adoption of the new Constitution in 1818. The charter is now in the HARTFORD. 45 office of tlie secretary of state in the capitol. The oak-tree in which the cliarter was hidden, and which was known as the Charter Oak, was ever an object of veneration by the people of Hartford, and its name has been borrowed by many public and private enterprises. In the gale of August 21, 1856, it was blown down. It measured twenty-one feet in circumference seven feet above the ground, and thirty-three feet at the base. A computation made by Prof. Jolin Brocklcsby, from the prostrate trunk, fixed its age at nearly a thousand years, showing that it must have been a lusty tree when the Normans conquered England. Parts of the tree are pre- served in the library. The site of the old tree is marked by a marble tablet on Charter Oak Place, in the south part of the city. Hartford was incori)orated as a city in 1784, and in 1ST3 it became the sole capital of Connecticut. For the purposes of local government the city is divided into light wards, and is governed by a mayor and sixteen aldermen, elected biennially, and thirty-two councilmen, elected annually. The city has an adequate and excellent fire department, equipped with the best fire-extinguishing appliances yet devised. There is also an ably officered police force for the protection of the lives and properties of the citizens. The city is excellently sewered, and strict attention is given by the authorities to the perfection of sanitary arrangements. The water- supply is abundant and wholesome, and is distributed to the citizens from four reservoirs located in West Hartford. AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE ilie city of Hartford ofEers advantages second to those of no other city on the American continent. Emerson, the sage, truly said that " health is the first wealth," and Hartford has the distinction of being a healthy city. Its mean annual temperature is 50° Fahr., and its streets and highways are cleanly and orderly kept. There is within the municipality everything the heart or taste can desire in religious and educational facilities, and the citizens are noted for their sociability and hospitality. On every hand there are outward and visible evidences, in the form of hospitals, homes, asylums for deaf and dumb, retreats for the insane, refuges for waifs and the distressed, etc., of the inward spiritual and charitable sympathy of Hartford's affluent citizens for their less fortunate and less favored neighbors. There is no lack of missionary effort, sectarian and non- sectarian, to raise the fallen on life's highway, while there is abundant provision of assistance for those who endeavor to improve themselves mentally, physically, socially, morally, and commercially ; in other words, those who try to help themselves in a rational way. The city is a delightful summer residence. It is surrounded by rustic environs of charming beauty, popu- lar resorts for holiday and pleasure seekers, and delightful drives. In the city itself lovers of amusement, music, and literature have their tastes gratified, for there is ample supply of theatres, music-halls, libraries,, reading-rooms, and other places of healthful resort. The Old charter Oak. GONNEGTlGar OF TO-DAY ITS CHIEF BUSINESS CENTRES. Hartford. THE PHCEXIX FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF HART- FORD, CONN., Cliartci- Perpetual.— This is a representative American insurance company, strong iu capital and assets, liberal in all its dealings with its patrons, and broad in its management. Hartford has furnished to this country many insur- ance institutions of remarkable strength that have become national in their character, and have stood as representatives of the highest <;lass of underwriting, and are furnishing to the people sound and reliable indemnity against loss by fire, but none have excelled the phGeui.i of Hartford in all those qualities that have given Hartford insurance companies their great name. The steady, upward, onward grand march of the Phoenix is a positive, conspicuous fact— a noble reward to conservative principles and legitimate underwriting. The Phcenix was organized for permanent success, to bestow first-class fire insurance at proper rates to the people of the United States, on a comprehensive and original plan, and its position to-day with the public leaves nothing to conjecture. It has fought fire vigorously, persistently, skilfully, and from every battlefield wreaths of vic- tory have been plucked. The popularity which the Phoenix enjoys «nd the reputation which attaches to its name are something worth years of constant devotion to duty to acquire, and few there are w-ho ■ever do secure the prize. In the great fire of 1871 at Chicago it paid its policy holders S9'^~,*19.5^i. and at Boston in 1ST2 it contributed S:i85, 956.18; in fact, in all of the great fires that have occurred during the last thirty-five years it has borne a very large share of the bur- •s. When a man takes out an insurance policy upon his property, he wants to know whether there is a certainty that he will be fully indemnified in event of loss or damage by Bre. In connec- tion with the.se remarks, we desire to make special reference in this commercial review of Hartford to the old established and reliable National Fire Insurance Company, whose head office is located at No. lis Asylum Street. This popular and ivsponsible company was incor- porated in ISOn umler the laws of Connecticut, and now has, January 1st, 1880, a paid up capital of §1,000,000. and a net surplus over capi- tal and all liabilities of $.'),'j.S,5l4.9S. In fact, its total assets are $S,44.3,- !).'j".33. The business of this company is steadily increasing annually, and the promptness with which it reco(,'nizes and pays the claims of policy holders and the conservative and honorable principles which signalize its management are the leading features of its success. The company insures dwellings, stores, factories, mills, merchan- dise, furniture, etc , at the lowest possible rates consistent with abso- lute safety and rather than transact a hazardous business refuses any risk th.at does not come up to its standard. The National is ably officered, and its directors comprise some of the most prudent, hon- orable, and successful men in the business community. They are as follows, viz.: James Nichols, president; Homer Blanchard, president Broad Brook Company; James Bolter, president Han ford National Bank: Ebenezer Roberts, Keneys & Roberts; William B. Franklin, vice president Hartford Steam Boiler Insurance Company; Wil- liam H.Lee. Lee, Tweedy & Co.. N. Y. ; Frank W. Cheney, silk manu- facturer; Benjamin Bliss, retired merchant; Henry A. Whitman, president Hartford Life & Annuity Co ; John R Buck, attorney- at-law; John F. Morris, president Charter Oak National Bank; John L. Houston, president Hartford Carpet Company, Henry C. Judd. H. C. Judd & Root; George Maxwell, treasurer Hockanum Company. The National has never failed to pay semi-annually its regular cash dividend, and with a single exception has added each year to the volume of its assets. Stockholders have received, on an average, nearly i:i per cent per annum on the par value of their stock. In January 1S88 the company established a Western Department at No. 174 La Salle Street, Chicago, in charge of Fred. S. James as general agent ; and also reorganized and enlarged its Pacific Depart- ment, placing it under the management of Mr. George D. Dornin, with headquarters at 214 Sansome Street, San Francisco. These transactions have secured to the company a large amount of first class business, guaranteeing an extensive and permanent increase of pre- mium receipts. Mr. Nichols, the president, and Mr. Richards, the secretary, are energetic and popular officers, as widely Imown for their business ability as for the just manner they attend to the in- terests of stock and policy holders. All details as to rates, etc., are promptly and cheerfully furnished on application at the compan.y's offices or its agencies. NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, No. 7G State Street.— Hartford, per head of population, is the wealthiest city in the Union. This is by no means a fortuitous circumstance, but one that is due to the markedly capable, judicious, and withal, enter- prisirtg policy of her leading citizens and capitalists. The people of Hartford have ever been prompt to encourage and invest in souiid and pro'luctive industrial and financial concerns, and we do not know of any city so well favored with perfected banking facili- ties, one of the leading factors of the city and state in this respect Ijeing the popular and old established National Exchange Bank, which has so deservedl.v retained to the fullest extent the ciMiflilenceand patronage of the public at large. This flomishing financial institution was organized as a state bank in iSSi, antl started under the most favorable auspices at a time when the great need of the city was increased financial facilities. The bank always had the inestimable benefit of sound and conservative guidance. It weathered every commercial crisis with its funds, resources, and connections in perfect condition to meet each and every claim, and when it ilnly reorganized under the National Banking Act in 1864. it was with the most favorable outlook for future prosperous develop- ment and usefulness. The bank has a capital stock of $500,000, largely held by our leading citizens at a premium as a most desirable and remimerative investment. The business transacted is large, divcrsilied, and profitalile, no Institution in Hartford han- dling and discounting more of the choicest "gilt edge" paper than the National Exchange. It is the depository of hundreds of active accounts of corporations, banks, bankers, mercantile houses, and individuals, and the deposits average 8803,823, while the bank has a surplus fund of $207,3.59. A general business is transacted, special attention being given to collections on all points through its chain of correspondents, and the issuing of drafts, sale of exchange, etc. The board of directors is composed as follows: Hon. Francis B. Cooley, vice-president; John R. Redfleld, president; John C. Day, attorney; Austin C. Dunham, of Austin Dunham & Sons; Samuel L. Way, of Way & Co.; Mr. E. Sugden. of Charles R. Hart & Co.; Mar- tin Bennett, Jr., insurance manager; Daniel R. Howe, of Howe & Collins; NoyesB. Allyn, of Allyn & Blanchard Company; and Julius Gay, treasurer of the Farmington Savings Bank. These are all names of representative capitalists and respected citizens, and whose identification with the bank is alone a sufficient guarantee of its enduring prosperity. President Redfleld is spoken of as one of the most experienced and capable financiers in the state, and is a vigorous exponent of the soundest principles governing banking and finance. He has the valued support of Hon. Francis B. Cooley as vice-president, while Mr. Wooster. the cashier, brings to bear ample experience and special qualifications for the dLscharge of the onerous duties devolving upon him. The bank occupies premises specially erected for the purpose, originally in 183.5, but entirely remodelled in 1863, and subsequently refitted throughout. This is one of the strik- ing architectural features of this attractive city, with a brown stone front and lofty dome, that sheds a flood of light throughout the airy and spacious interior. The bank has well earned its position among the leading financial institutions of the United States, and Hartford is to be congratulated upon its possession. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF HARTFORD. No. 50 State Street. —Prominent among the financial institutions of Hartford is "The First National Bank." It was established in 1857 as a state bank under the tide of " Merchants and Manufacturers' Bank," with a paid-in capital of §500,000. Among its first directors were George Beach (president), Austin Dunham, Lawson C. Ives, George B. Corning, Ebenezer Flower, and William W. House. It was one of the first banks in Connecticut to enter the national banking system, and was organized under its present title in 1864. Its business was large and profitable under the new organization, enabling it to pay in addition to larger cash dividends, a stock dividend of thirty per cent, thereby increasing its capital to the present amount of $650,000. During the panic of 1873 and the follow- ing years of business depression it made losses which reduced its surplus, but recuperating from these its business has steadily in- creased, and it stands well to the front to-day in the amount of its deposits and number of its customers. The policy of its manage- ment has been to afford every possible facility and accommodation to its dealers consistent with sound and conser-vative banking, fostering small accounts and taking small risks, and endeavoring to keep pace with all improvements and advantages which promised to bo beneficial to its depositors and itself. Its present board of directors is composed of well-known representative men, as the following list will show: Directors — William W. House, ex-depnty U. S. Collector; Thomas Gisson, of T. Gisson & Co., wholesale druggists; Jotham Goodnow, president ^tna Insurance Co., Ward W. Jacobs, treasurer Mechanics' Savings Bank; Lester L. Ensworth, iron merchant: Elisha C. Hilliard, woolen manufacturer, Buckland, Conn.; James H. Knight, president of this bank; Henry A. \\ hit- man, president Hartford Life and Annuity Insurance Co.; Raphael Ballei-stein, of R. Ballerstein cS: Co., importers milliner}- goods; Lucius F. Robinson of H. C. & L. F. Robinson, attorneys-at-law; Edgar P. Cowles, treasurer of The Case, Lockwood & Brainerd Com- panj*. Its stock is in strong bands, and with its capital and surplus of over $800,000, and its careful conservative management, it olfers the best security for moneys entrusted to it; and by courteous and painstaking attention to the business and wants of its customers on . the part of its officers and employees, seeks to make its office a pleasant as well as safe place of deposit. Its banking room at No. .50 State Street has been recently refitted and made over, and it has to-day as finely appointed an office for comfort and convenience as any bank in Hartford can show. 48 HARTFORD. COLT'S PATENT FIRE-ARMS MANUFACTURING CO. -The heroes aud the martyrs of invention have been many, but few so nearly rose to the lieroic height as the late Samuel Colt, who achieved a world-wide fame, and crowned his native city with rare tributes. He was born in Hartford, July 19, 1814, and worked at the age of ten in his father's factory at Ware. At fourteen he was sent to Amherst, but there was an adventurous spiiit in the lad that defied its restraints. He shipped on board an East Indiarnau, before the mast, aud it was during the long voyage to Calcutta that the idea of the revolver occurred to him. and he made a model which contained the idea of the future famous pistol. On his leturn he again entered his father's mill, whei*e, in the dyein^j^ and bleaching department, he acquired the knowledge of chemistry, which enabled him to start out on another career, as opposed to the staid round of mill life as his oriental voyage had been. At a time when most boys of his age were at school he was ti'avelling as a lecturer over the United States, Canada, and even the far-olT Antipodes, under the name of Dr. Colt. By this means he acquired the means of developing his invention. In Feb. 183G, lie obtained a United States patent for a rotating cylinder, containing several chambers to be discharged through a single barrel. Patents had been taken out the previous year in France and England. In 183G a company for the manufacture of the revolver was started in Pater- son, N. J., but the United States government, through two boards of military officers, reported against the efficiency and practicability of the invention, although at that time, in the hands of Texan colonists, they were demonstrating their enormous offensive value. Later, a few of the troops used them with tremendous effect in the Seminole war. The story of the Paterson company is one too common in such cases. While the weapon was slowly but surely proving 'its value, and condemning government inertness, the com- pany failed, and though tlie revolvers then manufactured were sold off by demands from the frontier mostly, it was not till the Mexican war in 1847 that the real "boom" came. Gen. Zachary Taylor sent to Colonel Colt for a supply, and he agreed to furnish 1000 for S28,0a0. They were made in an armory hired for the purpose in Whitneyville. This was the turn of the tide. The weapon had won at last, and now the fortune of the inventor was secured. Colonel Colt brought his factory to Hartford, first occupying premises near the Hartford Fire Insurance offices, and soon after moving to Mechanic Street. But the [business was growing now with giant strides. In 1852 Colonel Colt bought a large tract in the south meadows, within the city limits, which he enclosed with a dyke one and three-fourths miles long, twenty feet high on the low grounds, and one hundred feet wide at the base, narrowing to a driveway of forty feet on top. Its walls, strengthened and beautified by willows, afford sure protection against the heaviest freshets of the Connecti- cut. In the fall of 1855 the new armory was ready for occupancy. It consists of two parallel buildings five hundred feet long, and four stories high, connected at the centre by a building 500 feet long, the whole resembling in form a capital H. Offices and warerooms were added a-t convenient locations. To keep pace with the rapid ex- pansion of the business, in 1861 the armory was practically dupli- cated. Within the enclosure were also erected dwellings for the w^orkmen, a public hall, and a library. On the same' grounds a beautiful memorial church has been built since the death of Colonel Colt by Mrs. Colt. In 1849, Elisha K. Root was placed at the head of the mechanical and manufacturing departments. He was an in- ventor of rare skill and mechanical ability, and aided bj- a full treasuiy, always open to demands oi that kind, he labored with splendid succe-ss for making- all similar parts of the revolver inter- changeable, and forproducingthem cheapl}'. No money was spared in getting absolutely the best machinery. The kingly mechanics of this realm of ideas knew that the most efficient machine paid for its cost the quickest, and they admitted nothing inferior. So thorough was the education in this factory that young men eagerly contended for the chance of education therein, and it has graduated some of the ablest mechanics the world has seen. As soon as liis revolver was firmly established Colonel Colt looked around for other fields to conquer. He labored on a sub-marine torpedo, the idea of which had been in his mind from boyhof>d. But even while these and many another scheme were contending in his thoughts, the labors of the inventor were ended. He died January 10, 1862. The Colt Patent Fire-Arms Company was incorporated in 1S56. Elisha K. Root was elected president, aud held the position till his death. July 6, 1865. He was succeeded in the presidency by the present incumbent, Richard W. H. Jarvis. February 5, 1864, the- original armory was destroyed by fire, involving an estimated loss of $800,000 in machines and $400,000 in stock, besides valuable models aud drawings. The buildings were restored, fire-proof, on the old foundations. One half of the armory was saved, and in this the work went on without interruption. The production of revolvers increased from 37,616 in 1859, to 111,616 in 1862, aud 136,579 in 1863. In the years 1863 and 1864 over 95,000 rifles were also made. To pistols and muskets the company has added from time to time the manufacture of gun machinery, steam engines, the Gatling gun, and other specialties. They employ 700 hands, and pay over $350,000 yearly in wages. It is not in the manufacture of deadly weapons alone that the company achieves its entire success, although its latest developments in that direction, among which is the New Light- ning Magazine Rifle, bid fair to rival the famous weapon w ith which Colonel Colt's name is associated. There are other specialties of the comi)any's make of but little less fame, and of more peaceful uses, such as the Baxter steam engine, Colt's Armory and Universal Printing Presses, and in fact delicate aud intricate machinery of all kinds is and can be made at the shops of the company. ' The pres- ent officers of the company are: R. W. H. Jarvis, president; John H. Hall, vice-president and treasurer; and F. E. Belden, secretary. 3Ir. Jarvis is a brother of Mrs. Colt (the widow of the Colonel). Mr. Hall is about forty-one years old, and a native of Portland, Conn. He is also principal owner in the Pickering Machine Co.'s works, and president of theTShaler_& Hall Quarry Co., of Portland. Conn. Mr. Belden was formerly secretary of the Weed Sewing ^lachine Co. TSISSON & CO., Wholesale Druggists, No. 259 Main Street.— In many respects the wholesale drug-house of Messrs. ^ T. Sisson & Co. is the most emitiently representative in. its line ia the New England States. To its splendid facil- ities as importers and manufacturing chemists the^' add ohl established, influential connections, while the firm is one that embraces young men full of well directed energy, yet possessed of vast practical exjterience. The business was founded in 1823 by Messrs. Lee & Butler, who established themselves just north of the old stone bridge on ^lain Street, removing to the present location in 1836. For over thirty years the firm remained as it was in 1822. In 1855 a new partner was added, and the firm name became Messrs. Lee, Butler & Co. Three years later, in 1858, the firm became Messrs. Lee, Sisson & Co., in 1865 Messrs. Sisson & Butler, and in 1871 Messrs. T. Sisson & Co., the present proprietors. This estab- lishment is eligibly located, and has been a landmark on the business thoroughfar-e of Hartford for forty-seven yeai's; is a four-stuiy building 30x60 feet in dimensions, with a large L. The stock carried is immense, and their trade extends throughout the state and to many points in all the New England states. In addition to drugs they carry a large stock of patent medicines, paints, oils, glass, and manufacturers* supplies. Twelve assistants besides the members of the firm are necessary for the prosecution of this vast and in- creasing business. Mr. Thomas Sisson, the senior member, is a native of West Hartford, Conn., and is about sixty years of age; has been connected with this house as clerk and proprietor for forty- eight years, learning the drug business with it. He is closely identified with the benevolent and finaucial institutions of Hart- ford, being treasurer of the Retreat for the Insane, directoi in the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, Hartford Count}' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, First National Bank, and Dime Savings Bank. Entering this establishment when but a boy, be has won his way to being the head of one of the largest drug-houses in the state, and is a genuine type of the self-made man, noted alike for his financial success and deeds of charity and benevolence. Mr. George P. Chandler, the next member of the firm, was born at Saxton's River, Vermont, in 1844. He leai-iied the business in Green- field, 3Iass., and has been in Hartford since 1B05, aud a member of the firm of Messrs. T. Sisson & Co. since 1871. Mr. Frederick H. C*hapin, the 'junior membei , was educated at the grammar and iiigh schools of this city and for twenty-two years has been con- nected with this house, being admitted as a membei of the firm in 1881. He is thirty-seven years of age, aud a special student in astronomy, and the author of books and magazine articles upon mountaineering and archaeology. WAR V 1' ( ) U I ) . 49 WM. 11. KKLSKV iiL CO., Merchant Tailm-s. N... x,i Jlain Sirfi't.— Tlie leailiiiK exponents in Harttonl, anil for that matter in Conuectifut. of the art of fashionable custom tailorinK, are nnquestioiinbly the subject of this sketch. y\v. W illiam n. Kelsey, Sr., brings to bear special qnaliHcations. Bi.rn ni t'linton, Ct., he early in life came to Hartford, anil here Ihor.iuRhly learned in its every detail the tailor's trade. To soun.l jiulnnient he adds correct taste £uid unflagging energy, and when in IS.VJ be started iu business for himself, it was under favorable aus- pi.e'i. which have since been abundanilv realizeil in the sub- stantiiil pr..siieriiy and widespread influential connections of this lion.irable house, Mr Kelsey had .several copartnerships, the firm changes being from KeLsey & Carpenter to Kelsej, Carpenter & Hitchcock, to Kelsey & Hitchcock, who in 1882 were succeeded liv the present firm, composed of Mr. W. H. Kelsey and his son, Mr. W. H. Kelsey, ,Ir.. who is a native of Hartford and who has thor- oughly learned the trade in all its details, and is a young man of skill and ability. The firm has long controlled the best class of trade. Mumliering anioug its customers our leading citizens, public men. bankers, capitalists, business men, etc. In order to accommodate ihe steady enlargement of patronage, the firm in July, 1887, re- jiioved to their present elegant and spacious quarters, so centrally located at Xo. 251 Main Street. They are 35x300 feet, and have an immense plate glass show window for the display of cloths and clothing, and which is most admirably dressed, being an index to the magnificent stock within. The firm are importei-s of all the newest styles of woolens and fine cloths, covering all the novelties in shades, patterns, and textures. Fashionable tailoring is conducted lieie upon correct principles. Cut, fit, «orkman.sbip. and finish are all perfect, while the prices, quality considered, are remarkably moderate Customers can always make satisfactory selections here from sucha comprehensive as.sortnient of goods in the piece, while, this is also headquarters for high grade ready made clothing for boys' and children's wear, likewise gents' furnishings, etc. The bouse has always maintained the most enviable of reputations, both for its goods and methods, and Hartford is to be congratulateil upon having one of the finest merchant tailoring establishments in the United States. Their boys' and children's department contains all the novelties to be found in the market. Being practical tailors. they design and niatpifacture their boys' and children's clothing in keeping with the styles and tastes of their custom work, and are acknowledged the leading specialists of boys' and children's outfits. H.VMl.IX PUJir COMPANY. Manufacturers of Elastic Rubber Uucket Pumps, No. I'l Cniou Street.— Forty years ago a na- tive of Vermont invented the fir.st rubber bucket pump, and obtained a patent on it. Since that time, however, the im- provements upon the original patent have been many and various, until it seems that in the Hamlin Patent Elastic Rubber Bucket Pump Ihe acme of jierfection has been reached. The Hamlin pump is the outcome of scientific experiment and improvement on all other patents, and without infringing on any one's right they have pioduceil the rubber bucket pump par excellence. The Hamlin piini|i is the only one havuig the expansive bucket, which can be expimiled as much or little as may he desired by the parties using it, without opening the chain and without the use of tools. The drip is cut in the thin edge of the rubber, allowing all the water to drain out, thus preventing freezing in cold weather. Its great ad- vantage over all others is, that it throws a steady stream of water, aiul purifies the water by keeping it in motion. The water being drawn from the bottom of the well is consequently always fresh, and the wear of the bucket is replaced by its self-expansion. The cotnpany guarantees every bucket satisfactory. A large staff of 1,-ouimereial travellers are kept busy establishing [agencies for Ihe sale of this puni]) through New England and the states nf New York and New Jersey. They can be manufactm-ed to suit any well, the deepest as yet in use being eighty four feet. A five-eighth inch bucket will pump thirty-two gallons a minute, while the largest size —four-inch bucket-is capable of raising 200 gallons a minute with a hand motion. The president of the company, Governor George S. liill, is a prominent lawyer in this city, and was lieutenant governor of Connecticut under Governor IngersoU. The secretary, Sir. H. C. Storrs, in his management of the affairs of the company has proved liiiiiself to be a man of excellent business ability. THE UNITED STATES BANK, Jlain Street.-In the United ^ States Bank the city of Hartford has a substantial ^and suc- cessfully conducted institution, which has by its sound and liberal methods established a very large as well as successful business. It is managed and controlled by men of unquestioned integrity and long proved ability, it has fostered the material in- terests of this city, and aided by judicious accommodations the wants of the business'public. Its watchwords have been prudence and economy— prudence iu investments, economy in expenses of handling business— and from these two walls of strength has sprung a solid arch of prosperity and profit. Its principal characteristics are those w hich tend to inspire and maintain success, to wit: good coiniections, unlimited backing, able management, the confidence of conunercial circles, and the highest standing in the financial world. Although founded upon a rock, it has each twelve months been raised above the level of the year before; and now, witli a capital of S100,000, it has a surplus of 5200,000, and deposits amount, iug to Sl,'2T0,l-30.50, which is a showing hard to match. The United States Bank was duly incofporatedju 1872, and its quarters on Main Street are accessible and convenient. It does a regular legitimate banking business in deposits, loans, collections, and exchanges, receives accounts of banks, bankers, maimfacturers, merchants ami others on the most favorable terms, remits collections promptly at lowest rates, and renders thorough satisfaction to all customers. It is a favorite depositary with business men. and has on its ledg- ers the names of prominent persons as its customers. Its invest- ments have always been made with care and judgment, and its ventures of capital are always well secured. The following are the officers and directors, to wit: president, Thomas O. Enders; vice- president. Henry L. Bunce; ca-shier, H. M. Clark; assistant ca,shier, F. G. Sexton; Directors— Morgan G. Bulkeley, Governor of State; Samuel G. Dunham, treasurer Dunham Hosiery Co, ; W. H. Bulkeley, Merchant and Ex-Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut ; John R. Hills, contractor and builder; Atwood Collins, firm of Ilowe & Collins, Brokers; Leverett Brainard, treasurer of The Case, Lockwood & Hrainard Co.; Chas J. Cole, attorney-iit-law; John \V. Welch, treas- urer Dime Savings Bank; Thomas O. Enders, president; and H. L, Bunce. vice-presiilent. Then; is no fiscal institution in the city which enjoys greater confidence or whose management is more signally prudent ami sagacious. Its officers are of Hartford's best known citizens, of large practical experience, an*3''I 57: United States bonds. Sl32,63l.-25; city and municipal and railroad bonds and stocks. 5607,590.'^; bank stocks, 5163,200; cash on band and in bank, SU6,15S.-,>5; total, $9,680.- 047.54. Add: market value of stocks and bonds over cost, S68.306; in- terest accrued and due, S186.J47.06; premiums in course of collection, $48,978.75; deferred semi-annual and quarterly premiums, $35,949 08; . total, S:«9.680.89. Gross assets, Jarmary 1, 1890, Sl0.019.7'.*8.43. Liabili- ties: Reserve on policies in force at four per cent, interest (Conn, and N. Y. standard), $8,804,075; Claims by death outstanding. $44.-.i87; premiums paid in advance, S'1829.34; loading on outstanding and de- ferred premiums. $16,985.56; special policy reserve. S529.G79.37; possi- ble depreciation of real estate and mortgages, $80,686,31; other liabili- ties, $5,385.66; total, $9,484,938.34. Surplus at 4 percent.. $d34,800.19. The board of directors is an especially strong one. as the merest glance shows. Board of directors: Jonathan B. Bunce, president Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Co.; James Nichols, president Na- tional Fire Insurance Co.; Nathaniel Shipman, judge United States District Court; John M. Holcombe, vice president Phtenix Mutual Life Insurance Co.; John C. Parsons, president Hartford Society for Savings; Isaac W. Brooks, treasurer Torrington Savings Bank; Francis B. Cooley, vice-president National Exchange Bank; George H. Day, president Weed Sewing Machine Co.; Silas W. Robbins, di- rector American National Bank; Charles H. Lawrence, secretai*y Phoenix I^lutuat Life Insurance Co.; Charles E. Gross, of Hyde, Gross, & Hyde, attorneys at law; John H. Hall, general manager Colt's Patent Fire Arms Co. ; John D. Browne, president Connecticut Fire Insurance Co. ; Edward I). Robbins, of Hammersley & Robbins. attorneys at law-; David S. Plume, treasurer Plume and Atwood Co.. Waterbury. It would be difficult to name a board of officers more adequately representing strength of character and financial position- That the company is of inestimable benefit to the public is mani- fested in its investments, which, while yielding a handsome return to the company, have aided in developing many enterprises which have added to Hartford's rapid progress. ROBINSON LEAD COMPANY, Heating and Sanitary Engi- neers, Plumbers and Gas Fitters. Etc., No. 237 Asylum Street. —One of the oldest and most reliable concerns in Hartford actively engaged in the sale of plumbers', steam and gas fit- ters' supplies is that known as the Robinson Lead Company, whose office and salesrooms are located at No, 2:^7 Asylum Street, This business was started in 1860 by Mr. Gfeo. Robinson, who conducted it till January 1890, when the present company was or- ganized and assumed the management, the copartners being Mr. Geo E. Robinson, a rising yoimg man, and Messrs. T. H. Langdon and W. D. Lennox, both of whom are capable and first class work- men. Mr. Robinson, is young at the business, while Messrs. Lang- don and Lennox are men that have worked at it for the last twenty- five years and understand their business thoroughly in every shape and manner. The premises occupied comprise two spacious floors, 40x100 feet in area and fully equipped with every convenience for the accommodation of the extensive and valuable stock. Thestock in- cludes plumbers', steam and gas fitters' materials and supplies; the Boston siphon closet, considered by all architects the best siphon closet in the market isee cut); wood fibre tubs, also the finest tubs in the market; and are agents for the finest hot water heater in the market, one which has given the best satisfaction in the coldest climates. It is called the Boston hot water beater. (One set up in the store; also a Boston siphon closet in operation In store. Call in and examine them: no bother to show goods.) Their chandelier room is the best in the city, and prices are the lowest. They also have on hand lead pipe, sheet lead, copper bath tubs, galvanized and copper range boilers, artistic gas fixtures and brackets and globes, malleable and cast iron fittings, wrought and cast iron pipe, hose pipe and fittings, marble slabs, wash bowls, closet bowls, iron and soapstone sinks, cis- tern pumps, well pumps, steam valves, steam cocks, steam pack- ings, piano lamps, etc. Only the best and most reliable goods are handled; and nothing to add to the plumbing line escai>es their eyes, as they are on the lookout for everything that is new. The company also understand the plumbing of all kinds of buildings ; some they have done are the new Goodwin Build- ings, the Putnam Phalanx armory, also the new annex to the City Hospital. They employ only first class workmen, and turn out nothing but first class work and at low prices. The pro- prietors, Messrs. Robinson, Langdon and Lennox, are highly es- teemed in trade circles for their mechanical ability, skill, and in- tegrity. In conclusion, we would say that the Robinson Lead Com- pany is in every way a representative one in plumbing, steam and gas fitting, and those in want of anything in this line will do well to call on them and give them a trial, for they will not do anything but first class work and in a first class manner in every case where they are employed, and live up to what they say. HARTFORD 51 THK .4^TNA NATIONAL BANK, No, 214 Main Street. -No llnan cial institution in tliis stat« has acliieved snch an enviable reputation op become so deservedly popular with the pnblie at hirge as the JEtna National Bank. It has ever retaint'il the confidence of the community since its estabh'shment as a State Bunk in \H!i7, thus continuing until its reorganization as a National Bank in 1865. It has ever proved a centre of financial strength au'l confidence, and has a paid up capital of S'j^iS.OOO, held by leading capitalists, business men, and corporations as a most desirable, safe and remunerative invesimenl. It has ever been notably a centre of active accounts — those representative of the business life and coni- nu-rcial development of Hartford and the state. Its deposits average nearly $'i.(W0.0O0, while the bank*s resources include a sur- plus fund of S'340.000. Sujh figures as the above are alone a sufficient guarantee of the bank's standing and its ability of management, which reflects the highest, credit on the board of directors, composed of gentlemen whose names and services are identified with coi-pora- tions and enterprises that have so largely contributed to render Hartford the wealthiest city in the Union, per capita. Mr. A. R. Hillyer. the pre-sident, is noted for great business sagacity and true and sound financial policj". He has the valued support of Mr. A. (i. Loomis as cashier, an experienced and most capable officer devoted to the service and guidance of the bank and who is deserv- edly popular and respecteil. The bank transacts a general busi- ness: it discounts much of the choicest coniinei'cial paper from all over the United States; loans on approved collateral; makes collec- tions on all points through its chain of correspondents; buys and sells foreign exchange; issues drafts and letters of credit; and re- ceives the accounts on favorable terms of banks, bankers, corpora- tions, firms, and individuals. The .Etna is a great financial bulwark, a progressive yet soundly conservative banking institution, and well worthy of the remarkable prosperity achieved. FRvVNK J. KNOX. Plumbing Materials, Etc., No. 316 Pearl Street. —The business conducted by the house of Mr. Frank J. Kno.'c in the sale of plumbers', steam and gas-fitters' supplies, etc., at No. 310 Pearl Street, has become a great branch of industiy in every important trade centre. This house was established in 1887. and has attained an enviable reputation for the superiority of its goods and their perfect adaptability to the purposes for which they are intended. Since the inception of the business the compass of trade has greatly enlarged and extended, the outcome of a liberal business policy and the standard quality of the products handled. The stock carried include pipe, valves and fittings for steam, gas and water, engineei*s' and mill supplies, steam and gas-fitters' tools, a specialty being made of cutting and threading pipe to sketch. These supplies are held at very reasonable rates, and are sold at wholesale. The trade extends throughout the citj' and vicinity, and the extraordinary facilities of the house have met with an appreci- ative acknowledgment, resulting in annually increasing business. Mr. Knox is a native of Hartford, a practical man of large e.x perience in this trade, and eminently successful and popular in meeting all its demands. He was formerly senior partner in the plumbing, steam and gas-fitting house of Knox tli: Cunningham established in 1885. CLAPP & TREAT, Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Hardware. Cutlery, and Tools, No. 6J State Street.— A leading head- quarters for hardware and cutlery, etc., in this city, we find is the establishment of Messrs. Clapp & Treat, located at No. 6J State Street. The house lias been ui successful operation since 1883. when it was established by IMessrs. J. C. Stockwell &. Co., with whom Mr. G. J. Clapp and Mr. .1. C. Treat were clerks for ?omf , lime and succeeded to the business in 1887. The premises occupied are 20x73 feet in area, admirably appointed and perfect in conven- ience of arrangement for display of the stiu'k and accommodation of the patrons. The several departments are filleil with a divei*si fled assortment of ginnls embracing builders" and shelf hardware, table and pocket cutlery; carpenters' and mechanics' tools, and also farm and garden tools and everything in the way of mill sup- plies and lock.smith.s' supplic-^, and housekeeping and kitchen fur nishlngs and all the various patented articles that Ijelong to the busi- ness. A specialty is made of the celebrated Kearney & Foot files, which are furnished at manufacturers* prices. The stock is of a superior quality, and the firm, through the splendid business connec- tions formed with the leading manufacturers and importers, axe always in a position to offer the very best inducements to the wholesale and the retail trade. FORBES A BUCKLAND, Importers. Jobbers and Dealers in China and Glass Ware, Silver Ware, Granite Iron Ware, Lamps and Fixtures. Etc., No. S'jO Main Street.— Among Hartford's representative mercantile houses may be named the spacious and attractive china and glassware emporium of Forbes & Buckland, eligibly located in the Times Building, No. 2'>G Main .Street. It is about the leading and best appointed establish- ment of the kind in the city, and has a very large patronage, both a wlidlesale and retail trade being done. The firm, who are im- porters, jobbers, and general dealers in everything in the line in- dicated, occupy a very fine well-appointed S5xll0-feet store, and display an extensive and A No. 1 assortment of goods, every depart- ment being replete with elegant novelties. A number of polite clerks are employed, and shoppers can always feel assured of fimling com'teous attention and satisfactory treatment here, the proprietors exercising close personal supervision over this establish- ment. Exceedingly low prices prevail here, likewise exceptional bargains being offered in stoneware, shelf goods, and kitchen special- ties, while ever}' article offered for sale is warranted as represented. The stock, which is at once lai'ge, complete, and beautiful, includes exqui-site imported china tea-sets, superb porcelains, Dresden and Sdvres ware, art pottery, vases, etc., rich and handsome mantel and cabinet ornaments, artistic brasses and bronzes, magnificent cut glassware in great variety, novelties in lamps, chandeliers, globes and shades, silver and plated ware, table cutlery, granite iron ware, tin-ware, crockery, and a multifarious collection of house-furnishing articles. This flourishing business was established in 1870 by E. S. Forbes, who was succeeded by Jacobs & Forbes, under which firm name it was conducted up to 1887, when Mr. Forbes retired and L. H. Buckland became a partner. Mr. Forbes, who served in the state legislature in 1880-1881, is an old and prominent merchant; and Mr. Buckland had for years been engaged in the fruit trade prior to acquiring an interest in this bu.-^iness. JOHN S. RUSSELL, Groceries, Provisions, Etc., No. 640 Main Street.— This is about tiie olde.st and foremost establishment of the kind in Hartford, and has a flourishing patronage, the trade, which is at once large and select, extending throughout the city and environs. Only strictly first class goods are handled here, while bottom prices prevail always, and customers are assured of an excellent article and standard weight in every instance hen >, as well as prompt and poUte attention. An exceedingly fine and very complete stock is constantly kept on hand, including everything in the line of family and fancy groceries, smoked, salt and dried meats, table luxuries, bottled goods, fruits, etc., and all orders are attended to in the most expeditious and trustworthy manner. The store. whi(;h is favorably located, is 50x100 feet, and is neatly fitted up and well ordered, while some half a dozen clerks are employed, with sevei-al wagons serving patrons all over town. The assortment, which is large, fresh, and carefully selected, comprises choice teas. cofl"ees and spices, condiments, sauces, pickles, olives, jellies, jams ami delicacies in great variety; foreign and domestic fruits, nuts, and kindred iiroducts; canned goods, dried fruit, prepared cereals, best, brands of family flour, meal, beans, peas, rice, sugars, syrups and molasses, prime dairy butter, cheese and eggs, fine hams, bacon, shoulders, lard, and provisions generally; salt, smoked, and dried fish, salt, saleratns. soda, baking powder, crackers, biscuits, confec- tionery, etc.: also choice wines, liquors, English ale. porter, beer, cigars, etc., fine old bottled cider for familj' use being a specialty. This business was established away back about the year 1830 by Chester Adams, who was succeeded in 1863 by James M. Adams, who was in turn succeeded six years later by Hiram "W. Adams, he conducting it up to 1875, when the firm name became Russell & Barnes, the present proprietor a.ssuming sole control in 1882. Mr. Russell, who is a gentleman in the full prime of life and a man of energy and superior business ability, was born at Cromwell, Ct.. but has resided in Hartford since lSfi3, nnd prior to acquiring an in- terest in this store had been a clerk in the establishment for a nu::i- 52 HARTFORD. HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. -The history of the Hartford Fire Insurance Company is one of the most instructive and entertaining of its kind. It exhibits in a rare degree the possibilities of the fire insurance system, its exceeding profits, and its capacity wlien weU managed to bear the strain of such exceptional losses as is incurred by large contlagra- tions, of which the great fires of New. York. Boston. Chicago, and Portland are examples. At present the Hartford stands in the front rank of American insurance companies, with total assets of $6,319,459.98. and a net surplus over all liabilities of $5,508,518.48, ac- cording to the 161st semi annual t-xhihit. July 1. 1890. The Hartford is one of the oldest of American companies. It may be said to date from 1T94. but was chartered in May, 1810. Ntivember lO foll.minu'. Nathaniel Terry was chosen president, and Walter Mitchell secre- tary, and a capital of $150,000. made up of 10 per cent in cash, and the balance in well secured notes of shareholders. On this modest equipment the Hartford set out to do business, and likea young hen. had all their troubles before them. What has now been reduced to a science in the system of fire underwriting was then wholly in an inchoate state. The Hartfoi-d, like every other new concern, had to venture in unknown waters, and that it came out so well was due to the conservative and high-minded character of its officers and directors, as well as the character and reputation of the insured parties. For the first year the total income of the company was S4.49.S, and the expenses $530. Ten years later the annual in- come was 810,102, and in lS3::i, $53,391. showing an average increase annually of only $2,300. This wis a slow but suregi-owth; the prin- ciples of fire insurance were being gradually better understood. Yet some timid holders were scared at the losses, and gave away their shares to get rid of the note liability. Eliphalet Terry became pres- ident in 1835, James C. Bolles, secretary, and C- C. Lyman, assistant secretary. It may be noted that Mr. Lyman held the oflRce for for- ty-three years, declining all promotion. The first six months under this management was unusually prosperous. A supper was given in December of that year to celebrate the dividend paying stage ol the company under the new management. But while they were feasting, acalamity up tothat time unequalled had come upon them at New York City. A great fire was raging there, and the loss of the Hartford was upwards of $60,000. This was precisely one of I he misfortunes out of which able and courageous men built up great enterprises. Mr. Terry pledged his own property lo Hartford banks as security to be drawn against, and Mr. Bolles started in a sleigh with the thermometer below zero, to carry the message of hope and courage to the afflicted city . They found a state of panic, with insurance companies in a state of collapse. Mr. Bolles brought the first gleam of hope by announcing that all the Hartford's losses would be paiit in full, and that he was . -..-^. ready to take new insurance. Busi- ness soon poured in at highly remu- nerative rates, the g»p in the assets ^ was soon filled, and Yankee pluck antl ■ ^^^ integrity had laid deep and wide the -^^= foundations of a business hencefortli to be reckoned in millions. Fires be- tween July 19, 184.5. and May 18, 1849. at New York City. Nantucket, Albany, and St. Louis, cost tlie Hartford over $240,000 in four years. Then si.xteen years of exemption from great disas- ter occurred, followed by anothei- period of great fires, at Augusta. Me., 18(;5: Portland. July 4. 1866; Vicks- liurg, 1S66. involving losses of about $263,000. Yet it not only paid in full. but added $200,000 to its assets for the business of 1866. Mr. Terry retired in 1S49. The other presidents have been Hezekiah Huntington, 1^9-1864; Tim- othy C. AUyn, 1864-7 : George L. Chase, the present president, since 1867. The great Chicago fire of Oc- tober, 1871. cost the Hartford nearly $2.(100,000. everv obligation being met in full. This great calamity necessi- tated the calling in of new capital, and the right to subscribe to the new stock issued, commanded a premium of $85 even during the darkest period of disaster. In November, 1872. ihe great Boston fire losses of nearly $.500,000 were met. but the Hartford was impregnably strong; the loss was paid out of current receipts. During the last ten years it has distributed S2..500.000 in cash dividends to its stockholders. From the investments alone the annual income is sufficient U) pay 20 per cent in dividends on t|i.$i ■.'"ill iiiKt ..f capital i*resident Chase has proved his ability to run ihi* company by his magnificent successes since 1867. He weathered the great calamities of Portland, Chicago, and Boston. which overwhelmed so many other insurance companies. In Messrs. P. C. Royce, the secretary, and Mr. Thomas TurnbuU and Mr. Charles E. Chase, assistant secretaries, Mr. Chase has assistants fully equipped with all the latest results of experience in the science of iting. THE PRATT & WHITNEY CO.. Manufacturers of Machini^ls- Tools, Forging and Finishing Machitiery for Sewing Machine and iJun Manufactures and Special Purposes, Etc.— The plant of the Pratt* Whitney Company now occupies about three acres, on a narrow strip of land between Park river and the tracks of the Consolidated and New England railways, about one- third of a mile from the passenger station, with side tracks into the yard-i, admitting heavy freights right to the doors. It employs 860 men, with a yearly pay-roll of $47.5.000. and has all it can possibly do to keep pace with the demands made upon it. This brief sum- mary of results, when taken in connection and comparison with the modest little shop in which Francis A. Pratt and Amos Whitney labored— a single room on Potter Street— in 1800. serves to indicate. HARTFORD. 53 ns far as suc)» oomparisons can, the enormous success achieved l)y i;ood workmanship and inventive skill which has elevated American mechanics not only in this country but in the Old World. In Febru- ary, I86I, a fire drove tliera from the Potter Street room, and the iiusini'sswas transferred to Woods' building iu the rear of the Times ' tfflce, where they continued to spread throuRh one room after an- "ther. rill there was no further room for expansion, and it was iiet-essiiry to seek a place for the increasing crowd of workers. In March, 1H66. the company removed to the present site of the works, having ei-ected a structure of four stories, contain- ing -10.000 square feet of tloor space, and this in time grew to ihe present extensive factory. Messrs. l*ratt & Whitney began with the manufacture of machine tools, gun tools, and tools for the makers of sewing machines. In 18G2 Mr. Monroe Stannard of New Jirit-aiu joined them, each contributing Sl*-iOO to the capital stock of the firm. To-day the mere enucneration i> THE KUAN AND GUARANTEE COMPANY OF CONNEC- TICUT. No. fl") Pearl Street.— A prominent tluancial concern iu Hartford is the well know n Loan and Guarantee Company of Connecticut, whose elegantly fitted office is situated at No. 05 Pearl Street.— This business was incorporated by special act in 1885, and has a paid up capital of $100,000. As the name of the company implies, a general loan and guarantee busi- ness is done, dealing in first class securities, debenture bonds, western farm mortgages, etc. The officers and directors of the company comprise some of the most prominent men in the United States. They are as follows: president and treasurer, Wm. L. Mat- son, who is also vice-president and treasurer of the Security Com- pany; 1st vice-president, C. C. Kimball, a prominent insurance agent; '3d vice-president, F. I. Foss, a well known lawyer of Crete, Nebraska; secretary, Frank E. Johnson. The board of directoi's comprise Leverett Brainard, treasurer of the case, Lockwood & Brainard Company, John G. Root, president of the Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank; C. C. Kimball. F. I. Foss. Elisha John- son, F. R. Foster and H. A. Botsford. all well known and substan- tial citizens. The securities offered in the west are of a very desir- able charactei', because lands are constantly increasing in value, and it is an established fact that banks and corporations which are allowed to make western loans, succeed much better than similar institutions whose real estate loans are confined to the limits of their own state. At the office of the company loans are placed at six and seven percent on choice city and farm property, payable semi-annually, and guaranteed if desired. A list of mortgages for negotiation, with a full description of the property offered as secur- ity for the same, is kept for the inspection and selection of those desiring to invest. Every information is afforded by Mr. Johnson, the courteous andobhging secretary of the company. It has always been the aim of this company to select careful and experienced officers and the best legal counsel, and by associating its board of directors as far as possible in the management to cause them to feel a personal interest in the welfare of the corporation and its numerous customers. The company being fully incorporated under the state laws of Connecticut, all parties dealing with them are absolutely secure. Since its establishment in 1885 the company has worked up a large business, and the names dT its officers and directors are a sufficient guarantee of its financial stability, most of them being prominent citizens of the city of Hartford. HW. CONKLIN. Fire Insurance and Real Estate Agency, No. 73 Pearl Street.— Prominent among the reliable real estate and insurance brokers of Hartford stands Mr. H. W. Conklin, whose handsome suite of offices is eligibly and conveniently located at No. 73 Pearl Street. This gentleman has been actively identified with the real estate interests of this city and vicinity since 1857, and from the start developed a connection of the most superior character, which has since steadily increased and extended. He devotes his time and talents to all branches of the real estate business, and has come to be recognized as a reliable authority on the values of realty in all sections of the city and its suburbs. Thoroughly conversant with every feature and detail per- taining to the purchase, sale, and transfer of property, Mr. Conklin has carried through to a successful completion some of the heaviest and most important transactions that have taken place in Hartford during the time he has been engaged in the business. He buys. sells, rents, leases, and exchanges property, and on his books are always to be found some of the most desirable pieces of real estate in the city and neighborhood. He undertakes the management of estates, collects rents, pays taxes, etc.; negotiates loans on bond and mortgage at lowest rates and on most favorable terms. In 1884 Mr. Conklin added a fire insurance department to his brokerage business, and represents many of the most reliable companies. Among the leading ones of which he is the authorized agent may be mentitmed the Merchants' Insurance Company, of Providence. R. I.; Anglo-Nevada Assurance Corporation, of California: Agricultural. of New York; Granite State, of New Hampshire: American. North American, and Boylston. of Boston: tlie Bay State Beneficiary Asso- ciation, of Westfield. Mass.; and others. He is at all times prepared to place the largest risks in these and other reliable companies. quoting the lowest rates of premium and guaranteeing a prompt and liberal adjustment of all losses. Mr. Conklin enjoys the confidence of all with whom he has dealings, and is prominent and deservedly popular in financial, real estate, and insurance circles. 54 HARTFORD. BKOWLAND ALLEN, General Insurance Agent and Stock Broker, Guaranteed Western Bonds on Sale, No. 51 Trum- g bull Street. — The city of Hartford is the recognized home and centre of the American insurance business. Amonp- the many able and energetic men who have secured for it this proud distinction, Mr. B. Rowland Allen occupies a foremost position. A reQo^nized leader in the field in which, since 186S, he has concen. trated all his eflorts, he is admittedly one of the best informed, and most rehable men engaged in insurance mattei-s. His offices are centrally and conveniently located in the Hartford Insurance Com- pany's Building, at No. .51 Trumbull (Street, and are elegantly and tastefully fitted up and furnished. He is the authorized agent of several of the leading and most respc*nsible insurance companies not only of this country, but also of the British Isles, and has po acted for them durin.g many years, a fact which eloquently testifies to the high regard with which his services are by them considered. Among others h^ represents such weU known corporations as the Royal Insurance Company of Ijiverpool. Eng., one of the most sub- stantial and solid insurance companies of the world, whose assets, in this country alone, reach the large figure of $.5,000,000; the Penn- s.ylvania Insurance Company, of Piiiladelphia, with a.ssets reaching 83,000,000; the Hartford Fire Insurance Company, of this city, whose assets aggregate $G,00J,000; and others equally as responsible. Mr. Allen is at all times prepared to place large or small risks in the best companies, and personally attends to and secures prompt settle- ment of claims for losses and their payment In 1S7R he added a general stock brokerage to his insurance business, and has always on hand for sale guaranteed western bonds, and other safe and de- sirable securities His patronage is large and influential, and is steadily increasing. He is an enterprising gentleman, and is promi- nently active in all that tends to the prosperity of the ciiy. He is a director of the Connecticut River Company, of Windsor Locks, and is deservedly popular in financial and social circles. AC. STERNBERG, Dealer in Fertilizers, Mowing Machines. Horse Rakes. Agricultural Implements, Etc.; Nos. 232 , and 2.34 State Street —This gentleman is one of the prominent farmers and fruit growers in West Hartford, and in ISCa established his present enterprise. From the start he was eminently successful, and soon acquired a patronage as large as it was influential. The premises he occupies are centrally located and comprise a four story building, 25x70 feet in dimensions, fitted up and provided with every facility for the proper prosecution of the e.vtensive business carried on. The stock constantly on hand em twaces fertilizers, mowing machines, horse rakes, reapers, self-bind- ers, thrashing machines, and agricultural implements generally. Only the goods of the best producing houses are handled, so that patrons are assured of always obtaining at this popular establish- ment the best machines in the American market at rook bottom prices. Mr. Sternberg is also agent for the well known firm of L. Oershel & Bro., dealers in and packers of leaf tobacco, at No. 191 Pearl Street, New York. He has had an extended experience in this line of trade, and possesses an intimate knowledge of all its details, and the requirements of manufacturers and others. His connec- tions are numerous and influential, and he is at all times prepared to either buy or sell tobacco on commission. He solicits consign- ments, whi:h his influential connections enable him to place in the- Ijest market without any delay. Account sales are promptly ren- dered, and proceeds remitted immediately. He is a man of energy and integrity, and sustains a deservedly high reputation in financial and social circles. AW SCOVILLE. Architect and Builder. Etc., No, 886 Sheldon Street.— Mr. Scoville established his present business in , 1878, and at once, by the general superiority of his work and his indefatigable efforts to meet the wants of the public, secured an enviable patronage. The premises occupied for manu- facturing and trade puiposes are located at No. aHli Sheldon Street, and have a frontage of one hundred and fifty feet by a depth of Hftv. They comprise a finely equipped factory and mill supplied with all the latest improved and most modem wood working ma- chinery, including planing, moulding, scroll sawing, turning, and rip saws, operated by steam, while during the building season employ- ment is given to over forty hands. The output embraces all kinds of nice woodwork for residences, banks, stores, etc., such as doors, sashes, mouldings, stair balusters and newels, mantels, book cases, hard wood floors, fancy ceilings, verandas, hay windows, fancy cabi- net trims, brackets, trusses, and a general line of jobbing in all its branches. Mr. Scoville is prepared to manufacture anything in the woodworking line at the shortest notice. All woods utilized are of the best quality, thoroughly seasoned, and all work is warranted to give perfect satisfaction, both as regards workmanship, quality of material, and price He is also an able and skilful architect and builder, and is at all times prepared to furnish designs, plans, and speciflcations, and take contracts for the construction of any kind of budding, at figures which only his unrivalled facilities can justify. lie is an expert in his profession, and many of the finest structures in this city are the result of his original designs. Mr Scoville is a native of Hartford, of which he is a leading and prominent citizen. ARMS POCKET BOOK COMPANY, Manufacturers of Pocket Books, Etc., No. 38e Asylum Street.— This busuiess was es- tablished in IS^a as the Arms Pocket Book and Diary Com- pany, but in 1884 the name was changed to that of the Arms Pocket Book Company. They manufacture largely pocket books, bill books, card cases, ladies' bags, specie purses, memorandums, etc. Their goods are everywhere recognized and appreciated by the trade and public as sliindard productions, and have no superiors in the market for quality, elegance of design, and workmanship; while the prices quoted for them are extremely moderate. Mr. J. C. Arms has been forty years in the business, and knows exactly what is suita- ble and will take with the public; while his son, Mr. James D. Arms, has been brought up in the business, and is an excellent salesman. Both partners are highly regarded by the community for their in- tegrity, and justly merit the hberal patronage secured in this useful industry. CB. BOiiEDMAN, Hack, Livery, and Sale Stables, No. 101 Main Street. — This business was established by the present pro- ^ prietor in 1861. since which time it has been most ably man- aged by him. In 1875, the rapidly increasing business of the establishment rendered more commodious quarters a matter of necessity, and removal was consequently made to the spacious prem- ises DOW occupied. The accommodation for a large number of horses is of a superior character, and a large staff of grooms, stable- men, ete , is steadily employed. Some of the finest roadsters in the city are here to be found, also fine teams, saddle horses, etc. ; while in the matter of rigs no similar establishment can compete. Hacks, buggies, landaus, broughams, rockaways, etc., all of the most supe- rior make, are here for hire, and the turnouts from these stables are noted for their elegance. Hacks and carriages for balls, weddings, funerals, etc.. are furnished on short notice with careful and experienced drivers, and the prices charged are in all cases fair and moderate. Jlr. Boardraan, it is needless to say, is a native and life long resident of this city. He is an active and public spirited citizen, and for many years occupied the responsible position of city counselor. For twenty-six years he has been a member of the Governor's Guard, and for fifteen years has been commander of that corps, in which both bis father and grandfather had each held the rank of major. He is one of the most popular men in Hartford, and is universally esteemed and respected by all classes of the communitv. J HARTFORD. 55 A LLYX HOUSE, Corner Asylum ami Trumbull Streets, Robert Allyn. Proprietor.— Tbe city of Hartford lias lon^ been recog- nized as a place where capital and enterprise have combined lo make its hotels equal to any in the state Promineut Ihonuiiiher is Ihf old establislu'd ami popular Allyn House. centrally located on Asylum and Trumbull Streets. This hotel was originally built by Mr. T. M. AUyn thirty years a^o. aud conducted by Mr. R. J. Allyn. bis nephew. Mr. Allyn died in 1^*8.^ after along, successful, and honorable career, and was succeeded by Mr. Robert Allyn. who has renovatei and remodelled the hotel. The Allyn House is a handsome brown stone four story building, and contains; Via rooms available for guests. Tbe arrangements and appoint- ments reflect great credit on the proprietor, and no pains or expense have been spared to make the hoiise perfect in all its details. The Allyn House is supplied with elevator, electric lights, annunciators. and reading rooms, steam heat, and the means of escape in case of fiiv are ample. The rooms are all well lighted and ventilated, and lilt' l»est in the market is always to be foimd in the menu. The bar is fully supplied with the finest wines, liquors, ales, and cigai s. The house is eli;;ibly located, is the lea«ling hotel in the city, and most convenient to places of interest and business as re.:;ards the princi- pal depots, and streets cars to all pai"ts of tbe city are constantly passing the doors. With all its advantages and comfort tbe rates are very uuxlerate. Mr. Allyn is assisted in the conduct of the house by Mr. John J. Dabill, the manager, who has been seventeen years in the hotel as clerk. Both Messrs. Allyn and Dahill are noted for their courteous and obliging manners and careful attention to guests, so that persons who have once stopped at the Allyn are sure to re- turn when again visiting Hartford. THE PHCEXIX NATIONAL BANK OF HARTFORD.-One of the leading exponents of banking and finance in the state of Connecticut is the strong and nationally celebrated Phcenix National Bank of Hartford. It is one of the oldest as well as most prominent financial institutions here, having bet* n dulj' organ- izL'd as a State Bank in the year 1814. The charter was obtained under great difficulties, and then only by payment of $50,000 to the state. Later they were obliged to make certain concessions to various charitable organizations in city of Hartford. The bank's opposition bpcame the political as also religious topic of the day, but in spite of all opposition itlnisever retaiued the entire confidence of the public under its sound conservative management. In 1861 it was duly reorganized under the National Banking Act. and has ever since sustained a prominent position in the state. It has a paid-up cai'italof $1,000,000. which is held as an inve.stment of the soundest and most remunerative character by our leading capitalists. The bank has ample resources, and is a favorite place of deposit for banks, bankers, corporations, firms, and individuals. The deposits now average S^^O.OOO. while the bank has the magnificent surplus of S5r4,*il3. representing tlie accrued profits of its long course of honor- able, able guidance. The bank hasa large assured income: its lines of discounts are on the best class of commercial paper only, and its loans are strictly on the best of collateral. It also makes collections on all points through its correspondents, issues drafts, etc. The policy of the directorate has ever been of the soundest, most judicious character, and the names of the members of the Itoard are a sufficient guarantee of the continuance of the old time methods. Pi-esident Redfield is a prominent Hartford capitalist, a business man of marked executive capacit3', and is one of the most vigorous exponents of the true principles of banking and linauce. Mr. F. L. Bunce succeeded Mr. Edward M. Buuce as cashier in November, 1889, and is a most experienced bank officer, bringing to bear special qualifications, while he is very widely and favorably known throughout financial circles. He has the valued support of 3Ir. Herbert H. White as assistant cashier, supported by a full staff of tellers and clerks. The bank building: is in every way an architectural ornament to the city. It is a marble structure six sh^ries in height, one of the finest in Hartford, the banking room I ii'ing located in elegant quarters on the first floor, and affords every ,i'-coinmodation to the public. The bank is one of those great liiiancial bulwarks which are such factors of value to a community, iTid which, in the case of the Phoenix National Bank, reflect great riedit upon the officers and directors. JD. FISKE & CO., Dealer in Leather and Findings, and Manu- factui-er of Fiske's Amateur Boot and Shoe Repairing Jack, ^ No. Srs Asylum Street.— Those who are thoroughly con- versant with the details of the business may be able to keep Uie run of the thousand and one articles that since the minute sub- division of the trade enter into the business of the shoemaker, but it is utterly impossible for a layman to do so. For instance, the large stock which Messrs. J. D. Fiske & Co. enumerate as "findings" muster up no less than eighty-five articles, and doubtless ten times ' as many enter into the full working '■ kit" of the factory. The store, which is 25xl2S feet, contains a large general stock of all the wares mentioned above and all the incidental articles that make up the equipment, of the best quality, at terms satisfactory to the con- sumer. The house was first established by J. "W. Eklredge in 1843, and continued in business under that style until 1878, when the present firm was organized. J. D. Fisk, the enterprising head of the concern, is a Green Mountain bo.v. having been born in Williams- town, Yt., in 1S'J6. He went lo Malone. N. Y., in la'iO, and was for some years prominent in that place. He was town clerk several years. Subsequently he removed to New York City, and for nine years was salesman, and for a further space of eleven years partner in the well-known boot and shoe house of Nathaniel Fisher & Co. Thence he came to Hartford, with whose business interests he has l.oug been identified and for whose welfare he is always i-eady to devote his energies as a public-spirited citizen. Mr. Fiske has in- FISKS'S AMATEUE'C Boot and Shoe REPAIRING JACK, J. D. FISKE &. CO. Manufacturers, ,s^ 27S Asylun-i Street, EABTFOSD, CONK. \f iitctl an arti le t lUt-il Fiske s amateur's boot and shoe repairing jack, which IS a Je\ ice for halt soling and heeling boots and shoes of any size, fioni a child s size ten to a man's eleven. It consists of a hard wood standard with iron heel plate, with a device on the liaek of the heel to hold the shoe firm, and three bracket lasts of ■ lifTerent sizes; there is attached to the standard a steei spring which presses against a bracket last anil keeps it ont in the toe of the s'.ioe of any size. U is simple, strong, and durable — will last a life-time. Among its merits are: — its simplicity, its durabilit}-, its solidity. This jack has been in constant use for months in the city of Hartford and vicinity, and is proiinimced by all to be the most simple and |>ratically iisefid derice for repairing shoes they ever saw. 56 HARTFORD HAKTFORD STEAM BOILKR INSPECTION AND INSURANCE COMPANY, .Etna Life Ins. Building.— The history of Ihe inception, rise, and progress of the Hartford Steaiu Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company is one of the deepest in- terest, and its remarkable success retlects the highest credit on its fouuders and present executive oflHeers. Its origin sprang from no hasty and crude theories or generalizations, but from years of the deepest scieutificlnvestigation and discussion as conducted among the members of the Hartford Polytechnic Club, which was organ- ized in iS.'jT. The re^uUs of their labors bore fruit in 1866. and the HartfunI Situn. Iluil^r luspfcliun and Insurance Cnnipany was dnly chartered for the purpose of inspecting steam boilers, and insuring the owners against loss or damage arising from the explosion of the boilers. The company did business for one year under the manage- ment of Mr. E. C. Roberts, pending 3Ir. J. M. Allen's accepting this responsible post, and which he did in 1867, after severing othei- en- gagements. Under his presidency the company emerged from its infancy a strong and lusty youth, judiciously guided on the soundest principles, economically run, and in every way promoting its policy- holders* security and interests. It has developed under Mr. Allen's presidency from small beginnings, until it is to-day by far the largest. most wealthy, capable, and responsible organization of the kind in the world, with total assets, as per official report of January 1, ItjJK*. of $1,343,905.59, and with the magnificent surplus, as regards polic.\ holders, of $565,538.40. It proceeds upon the sound premise that pre- vention is better than cuiv : consequently every boiler it insures is periodically inspected by one of its staflf of 110 inspectors, many of whom have been for 20 years in its service. Defects, weakness, or overloads, etc., are all noted, reported, and pointed out to the owners anil cngint't-is, so that causes leading to disaster, and perhaps heavy loss of life and property, can be avoided, and the impending ca- lamity averted. In this way, for a nominal sum, boiler owners. steam users, and employees ai c protected to the utmost degree against the dangers inherent in the use of steam. Even in ili*- face of the most careful supfi- vision and cautious working, boilers will continue to explode, scattering ruin and death in their path, and in such cases the insured owner is saved all pecuniary loss. The comimny pays all claims in full as soi>n as verified, and as an instance of the magnitude of some of the claims it has met, we here insert a letter from the second largest packing company in the worhl : '■ Armour Packing Co., * Kansas City, Mo. ' "We feel called upon to ex- press our gratification and full satisfaction with the manner and courtesy in which you re- imbursed us for the loss from our late explosion. The con- fidence which you have vested in us throughout ihe adjust ment, rest assiu'ed is appre- ciated, especially in so extensive a loss. With pleasure we ac knowledge receipt of your sight draft for $19,015.02, being total amount of our claim." The company has thousands of just such convincing and unsolicited testimonials as the above; its rates are very mod- erate, and in fact are fully leturned in its severe and fre- quent inspections, and the con- sequent added sense of security to owner and employees. The company in 1888 reported no ess than 91 ,567 defects, of which 8,967weredangerous,and timely warning of .same averted prob- able explosions. It has paid out nearly $2,000,000 already in losses and inspections, and is sleiulily .'tdarging its circle of policy holders proportionately to the increased number of steam boilers in use. The com pany has never lost sight of the great scientific problems in- volved in the construction and management of boilers, and has col- lected a mine of information on these subjects. It has accurate tests for the determination of the injury done to boilers by the various waters used, and for learning the tensile strength and purity of iron and steel plate. It furnishes the most approved plans and specifica- tions as to proper construction and setting of boilers, and will rigidly supervise all work if so desired. Prf sident Allen is the guiding spirit H A R T F O R D , III evtT.v phasf of the compiiny's opcralions. lU- l)*:';;aii the publira- lion of the Locomotive in IstlT. ami which lias acquired a wide circu- lation as the leading organ of discussion upon the steam boiler and use of steam generally. It circulates to the extent of nearly ::2;i.00() -copies per month. The company has now insured an average of 38,000 boilers, and its record of explosions averages about one one hundredth of one per cent. The company gives full value for prem- iums paid in its frequent and reliable inspections, with the additional guarantee of reimbursement of all loss caused by explosion. Jlr. Allen has the valued support of Gen. "W. B. Franklin as vice-presi- dent, while Mr. J. B. Pierce has most efficiently discharged the duties of the secretaryship since 1S73, and Mr. F. B. Allen as second vice president since April 5, 1888. both bringing to bear special quali- fications for the performance of the duties devolving upon them. The company has occupied very commodious and desirable offices in the .Etna Life Insurance Company's building since 1873. and is one of the best organized, most solidly prosperous and useful of the great insurance corporations centred in Hartford. HOTEL CwriTOL. Corner Main Street anil Capitol Avenue, A. E. Hulcomb, Proprietor.— The Hotel Capitol is one of the features of Hartford, Occupying a splendid position, close to the business centre, to the depot, and in line with the lieautiful Capitol park, it presents many attractions to the ordinary visitoi-s as well as to the business n\an whose time is hmited ami who seeks a central situation for his temporary abiding place. The Capi- tol is a fine five-story modern brick house, erected in 187.1, and its dimensions are 60x100 feet front on the streets given above. It con' tains forty-seven suite rooms, handsomely furnished with all the modern improvements, and contains all that can be devised for the comfort and convenience of its guests. Spacious and well appointed bath rooms are coiiuect*'d with the rooms, and handsomely fur- nished suite apartments are ready at all times. The fine parlors are an especial feature, and the dining rooms are not onlj' models of convenience and comfort in their appointments, but that which is furnished therein is of the best quality, and well calculated to make the visitor desii-e to return to the table of the hospitable Capiiol with grateful anticipations of the best cooked meals it had ever been his lot to share in a public hostelrj'. Mr. A. E. Holcomb, the proprietor, is a gentleman of wide experience in the hotel busi- ness. In him the guest finds a host able and willing to appreciate the fact that to ensure success a hotel register must bear a large number of familiar names, and that a stay in Hartford shall ever be associated with a pleasurable sojourn at the Hotel Capitol. That he has succeeded is abundantly proven by the first-class trade which the hotel enjoys. He was manager of this hotel for nine and a half years and took entire charge in November, 1889. He has also managed a hotel at Dobbs Ferry, on the Hudson, has been connected with the famous Piney Woods Hotel, at Thomasville, Georgia, and the Camp- bells Island Hotel, off the coast of Elaine. Mr. Holcomb was born in Philadelphia. Pa., and is a descendant of the Holcomb family of Granby, Conn., is one of the youngest hotel proprietors in the country, and is also a member of The Hotel Men's Association of the United States. In this historical review of the commerce of Hartford, wherein the leading and representative basiness houses receive careful consid- eration, there is no department that enlists more attention than that of fire insiiAince, and the publishers have endeavored to bring before the public those companies that have the most substantial and honorable standing in the United States. Prominent among the number thus referred to is the famous ^tna Insurance Company of Hartford. Coim , whose offices are located on Main Street. The .-Etna is the second in Hartfonl in age, but the largest in assets and business. It was or^janized in 1S19 by special act of the legislature with charter perpetual, and now has a cash capital of $4,000,000, while its total assets amount, .January 1st, IS'tO, to $lO.07l,.509.t!5. This sub- stantial corpnratitm has paid in losses in seventy-one years S64,t)81,- 000. By the Chicago fh-e the .-Etna lost $3,78iJ.000, and by the Boston one $l,035.0(i7, yet it promptly paid all losses. Its entire history has been marked by a course of conservative and honorable management that has not only brought it an extensive business in all sections of tlie United States, but has made for it a reputation and a name that inspires confidence in all those who are enjoying the protection it secures. The .Etna transacts a general fire and inland marine busi- ness, and refuses any risk that does not come up to its standard. The following gentlemen, wlu) are widely known and esteemed in business circles for their integrity and executive ability, are the offi- cers and directors, viz,: J. Goodnow, president; Wm. B. Clarke, vice- president; A. C. Bayne, secretary; Jas. F. Dudley, Wm. H. King, assistant secretaries. Directors: Roland Mather. Gustavus F. Davis, Drayton Hillyer, Francis B. Cooley, Wm. R. Cone. Henry E. Rus- sell, Nathaniel Shipman. Austin C. Dunham, James A. Smith, Mor- gan G. Bulkeley, J Pierpoint 31organ, Francis Goodin, Thos. O. Enders, Atwood Collins, J. Gtxnlnow, Wm. B. Clarke; E J. Bas- sett. general agent; J. C. Hilliard. T. P. Stowell, E. O. Weeks. C. H. Holhster, F. W. Jenness, H. E. Rees. W. A. Warburton, special agents. Mr. Goodnow, the president, is highly esteemed for his business talents, and at tlie same time is an authority on insur- ance affairs. Mr. Clarke, the vice president, and Mr. A. C. Bayne, the secretary, are able and energetic officers, eminently qualified for their responsible positions. In conclusion we would observe that the -Etna Insurance Company, through a just and considerate course, has secured the leading position among the rehable institutions of Hartford, and deserves prominent notice in this review of the city's progressive insurance interests. The statement rendered January 1st. 1890, shows the company's affairs to be in a most flourishing con- dition. HERBERT C. BINGHAM, Dealer in Flour. Grain. Feed, Baled Hay, and Straw, Nos. 54*2 and 544 Main Street. —This business has been in successful operation many years, but since April 1st of the present year has been under the sole control and management of Mr. Herbert C. Bingham, who, although a young man. is well posted in all the details of the trade, and brings to bear upon it a sound, knowledge of its every department. The premises utilized comprise two floors and basement in a spacious brick building, having an area of 2.5x90 feet, fully equipped with every convenience and facility for the accommodation of the large stock that is always carried. Mr. Bingham is well and popularly known in this community, and sustains a high reputation as a business man and citizen. He is doing a fine trade, which is steadily growing and increasing in volume under his careful direction and management. ehens 58 HARTFORD, UNITED STATES HOTEL, C. A. Swan. Proprietor, City Hall Square.— In the United States Hotel, Hartford has one of her old established institutions, and one that has more than ever become the popular favorite and tiie prominent stopping place of the travelling public, under the able, eueigetic, and experi- enced proprietorship of Mr. C. A. Swan, who is such a recognized authority on the difficult art of modern hotel keeping. The house occupies a most desirable location on City Hall Square, directly cen- tral to the business section, churches, best residences, etc., ; ■:^i[ I accessible from the street cars from tlae depot, while a free (■each connects with all trains and ihe boats. Tlie premises are veiy ex- tensive. The house is of brick, four ami five stories in height, and excellently planned to secure plenty of mom. light, and air. The house is a new one within, Mr. Swan Imving entirely refurnished and refitted it throughout and introduced many modern improvements, including steam heat, electric bells, the electric light, etc. The house is well furnislied. more attention being given to comfort than show. On the first floor is the capacious office, reading room, sam- ple rooms, attractive cafC', etc. Also a fli'st class billiard parlor and barber's shop. The dining hall is also on this floor and .^eats '250. The cuisine is justly celebrated. Mr. Swan is onme is a secondary con- sideration. But, as is well, ,, i known, its investments are all thoroughly sound, and — ^ tin hank is one that to the " f ulle<;t degree invites the pat- ronage of the public at large, he trustees of the insti- tution are: Daniel Phillips, r..iw.uu i> . li.i~nis, ilciiry Pease, Ward W. Jacobs, Hugh Harbison, Charles L. Lincoln, George A. Fairfield, John G. Root. Jeremiah 51. Allen, John M. Holcombe. Henry C. Dwight, Frederick R. Foster, Silas W. Robbins. Edward M. Bunce, William B. Clark, James B. Moore. James H. Knight, and Lester L. Ensworth. Hi .\. WELLER & CO., Clothing, Ladies' Cloaks, Seal Sacques, Etc., No. 174 Pearl Street.— One of the most at- tractive among the handsome stores on Pearl Street is that of Messrs. H. & A. Weller located at No. 174 on that thoroughfare. It has been established less than a year, but in that time a splendid, substantial, flourishing trade has been secured, and about the premises there is always a scene of busy activity. For the purposes of the business the basement and second floor are occupied, and in all departments thorough order and system prevails. A large stock is always carried, embracing gentlemen's clothing in all the new- desirable slyles, cut and made anil trimmed in the best manner and warranted in every respect. A special feature is made of ladies' cloaks and wraps iu silk, velvet, and other fabrics, and also seal sacques, pelises, and fashionable fui-s of the very highest quality. In the assortment, which is perfect and complete in evei-y depart- ment, is exhibited everything that is new and desirable and in accord with the fashionable ideas of the day, and in such variety that noone, not even the most fastidious, need find any difficulty in making a selection. In the custom department a fine display is made of vari- ous fabrics tor ladies' and gentlemen's wear, and measures are taken and men's clothing and ladies' wraps, cloaks, etc., are cut and made and trimmed in the best manner, at the lowest prices, and warranted to fit and give the best satisfaction. The patronage of the establish- ment is large and fashionable, and the Messrs. Weller and their lady and gentleman assistants give their special attention, and are prompt in looking after the wants of customers, who are afforded every faciUty and convenience for inspecting the elegant goods that have been brought together expressly tor their examination. Mr- Herman Weller, who was born in Germany, has been in this coun- try since he was a child, and for a period of ten years was employed in a large house in Boston. His brother and co-partner, Mr. August Weller, is a native of the city of Boston. HARTFORD. G3 J J. POOLE & CO., Wholesale nn.i Retail Dealers iu Anthracite and Bituminous Coal. No. '^2 Main Street.— Prominent among the leading Hrms eiiKnged iu the coal trade iu Hart- ford is that of J. J. Poole & Co.. whose office is located at No. 273 Main Street, with capacious yanls couveuieutly situated ou the line of the railroad. They are general wholesale and retail dealers in anthracite and bituminous coal, selling by the ton, car lot or cargo (all rail or tide water), and, altogether, their business is of a most substantial character. The yards, which have a capacity of 8000 tons, are provided with ample and complete faciliiies. and a number of hands are regularly employed, while several carts deliver all over the city and vicinity. A very large and first-class stock is constantly kept on hand hei"e, including superior grades of hard and soft coal of all kinds and sizes, and all thoruughly cleaned; and all ordere, wholesale or retail, receive immediate attention. Bottom prices prevail at all times, while quality and quantity are guaran- teed, family patronage being a specialty ; and customers are assured of getting an excellent article, standard weight, and prompt service iu every instance from this popular and responsible firm, which for the seventeen years of its existence has been steadily growing in public favor and confidence. HARGR^VVE BROTHERS. Ale and Porter Brewery. Sheldon and Front Streets.— This business was established by Messi"s. Shannon and McCanu in IS;3, and from a comparatively small beginning it has steadily developed and increased, its progress being commensurate with the energy anJ enterprise dis- played in its manai;emeut. and in the period that has elapsed it hns assumed the proportions of a large and eminently successful indus- try The premises occupied embrace an eli^rible three-story brick building 50x100 feet in dimensions, with two story brick annex, con- stituting brewery nud malt house. The interior arrangement of these is perfect. All the most modern machinery and appliances are at band, and a large force of skilled workmen is constantly em- ployed. Messrs. Hargraves are brewers of Canada malt ales anrl porter, which have attained a high i"eputation for purity, strength, and excellence of flavor, and which meet with a ready sale through- out the city and vicinity. An idea of the popularity of Messrs. Har- grave's ale and porter may be inferred from the fact that they sell on an average fifteen thousand barrels yearly. They are practical brewers of long experience, natives of Albany, New York, and since locating in Hartford have always given a public spirited support to every measure best calculattd to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of the city. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. George O. and Thomas H. Hargrave, personally genial and courteous gentlemen, honorable and fair in all transactions, and well deserving of the substantial success they are achieving. DODGE & BREWER, Groceries, Meats. Etc. No. 100 Main Street. —One of the most popular stores in Hartford is that of Messrs. Dodge & Brewer, located at No. 100 Main Street. These gentlemen have been engaged in this line of business on their own account but one year or thereabouts, yet such has been their energy, enterprise, and fair dealing that they have succeeded in building up a very large and lucrative business. The store, which is well adapted for business purposes and neatly and handsomely arranged, is well slocked with a choice and well selected assortment of staple and fancy groceries, provisions, beef, nmtton, veal, pork, ham. poultry, game, and vet^etables in their respective seasons. Popular prices prevail, several polite assistants serve customers in- telligently and promptly, orders are delivered free of extra charge In all parts of the city, and no effort on the part of the proprietors is spared to please and satisfy each and every oue of their numerous patrons. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. C. N. Dodge and C. H. Brewer, both natives of Hartford, the first n^med for two years a partner in the well known meat house of Truman Cowh»s & Co. They have already built up a first class business, and all the indications seem to show that they are destined to enjoy many more years of marked prosperity and success in their highly useful enterprise. CITY HOTKL, F. Bush, Proprietor.— This hotel is situated on the main street, opposite the ..Etna Fire Insurance Company and the JEtna Life Insurance Company's Building, and is very convenient for business men, and the most popular hotel in Hartford for travelling men: it is ©'Uerally filled with guests from nil the states. The rooms are lai'ge. with hot and cold water, steam heat, and electric lights. The cookmg and table the best, and well served, so that guests once here are always sure to come again and bring or send others to this hotel. Major Fred Bush. the proprietor, is known for his many excellent quahties. and for tiie good table and other accommodations. When in Hartford go to the City Hotel and be convinced for yourself. HENRY LEWIS & CO., Clothing, Hats, Caps, Etc., No. 174 State Street. — At the popular establishment of Messrs, Henry Lewis & Co.. at No. 174 State Street, everything per- taining to a gentleman's outfit, from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot, can be procured of the best quality and at fabulously low prices. This enterprise was originally established by Mr. Henry Lewis in 1881. three years later Mr. E. G. Lasbm*y be- coming connected therewith, when the present firm style was adopted. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and commo- dious store, ^x70 feet in dimensions, giving ample accommodation for the display of the varied hues of goods carried, and the general comfort and couveuieuoe of patrons. In the clothing department can be procured either fine ready made or custom made garments, accurately cut and made from the best class of materials. In an- other department may be found a well selected stock of hats, caps, etc., of the latest patterns and styles, while in gents* furnishings everything that a gentlemen's toilet can possibly need is here iu ygreat variety and profusion, together with a full line of boots, shoes, rubbers, and oil clotliiug. Mr. Lewis is a native of Hartford, his partner, Mr. Lasbury, hailing from Bound Brook, Conn. They are active and progressive business men and practical tailors, and conduct an establishment that isan important factor in Hartford's commercial prosperity. AR. HULL, Fresh and Salt Meats. No. 70 Market Street.- Among those dealers who have attained prominence and popularity in the meat trade of Hartford ranks Mr. A. R. Hull of No. 70 Market Street. This gentleman has been established in the business here since 1880, and has built up a large and influential trade as a general dealer in all kinds of fresh and salt meats. He commands all tb3 advantages naturally accumulated by long years of identification with a special line of trade, and possesses the best possible facilities for conducting all operations under the most favorable auspices. He exercises the greatest care in the selection of his stock and in preparing it for the market, which justi- fies him iu claiming to offer the public aline of meat products that cannot be excelled for quality, reliability, and excellence. Having always been earnest and unremitting in his endeavors to meet every demand of his customers in a prompt and satisfactory manner, he has developed a patronage of great and gratifying proportions. which is in itself the best possible proof of the superiority of the goods he offers, and of the honorable and straight fonvard methods that have ever characterized his dealings. His trade extends to all parts of the city, and is annually increasing in volume and value under enterprising, reliable, and painstaking management. SIMONS & FOX, Manufacturers of Awnings, Tents. Flags, Etc., No. 81 Asylum Street.— A prominent and successful house in Hartford engaged in the manufacture of tents, awnings, flags, etc , is that of Messrs. Simons & Fox, No. 81 Asylum Street. This business was established in 1882 by Mr. G. O. Simons who con- ducted it till September 1890, when Mr. H. P. Fox, who had been manager, became a partner. The premises occupied are commodi- ous, and are fuUy stocked with a superior assortment of tents, awn- ings, flags, horse and wagon covers, waterproof sheets, etc. The firm manufacture promptly to order tents of every style or shape, awnings, etc., and supply canopies for wedding parties and recep- tions, also flags, bunting, lanterns, and decorations of every descrip- tion. They have a great variety of patterns for window and store awnings, and all the new styles of stripes. The firm's goods have no superiors for quality and uniform excellence, while the prices quoted for them are extremely moderate. Their Fairy lawn tents are the delight of ladies and children, and can be obtained at from $7 to S30. Messrs. Simons & Fox are both natives of Hartford. They are greatly respected by the community for their enterprise and in- tegrity, and fully merit the influential patronage secured iu this use ful business. The telephone call of the house is 217-2. HARTFORD. MCULLEN, Jlanufactui-ei- of Metallic Skylights. Cornices, Gutters, Etc., Xo. U Ann Street.— This business was es- , tabhshed in 1870 br Mr. Cullen on Pear! Street, and eventu- ally was removed by him in 18&' to its present location. Mr. Cullen is a thoroughly practical and expert galvanized iron worker and roofer, fully acquainted with every detail of this useful industry and the requirements of the most exacting patrons. The premises occupied comprise a spacious Hoor and store fully equippeil with every convenience for the successful conduct of the business. Here eleven skilled workmen are employed, and the trade ct the house extends throughout all sections of Hartford and the adjacent cities Mr. Cullen manufactures to order metailii skylights, gal vanized iron cornices, gutters, ventilators, etc ; also leaders, tin and' iron rooBng, and corrugated iron siding for buildings: while be is likewise agent for the celebrated Rossmore furnaces. His work is unrivalled for finish and uniform excellence, and is highly endorsed by architects and property owners. Orders are promptly attended to at the lowest possible prices, and entire satisfaction is guaranteed to patrons. Mr. Cullen is highly esteemed in trade circles tor his skill, energy, and integrity, justly meriting the liberal patronage secured in this useful enterprise. THOllAS F. DUFFEY. Dealer in Boots. Shoes, and Rubbers, No. 360 Main Sti-eet.— The premises occupied by this gentle man comprise a spacious and handsome store. SC.tI45 feet in dimensions, handsomely furnished, and fitted up with Fi-encb plate glass front and show cases, elegant fixtures, etc. The stock carried is one of the most complete in the city, and embraces everything in the line of footwear for men, women, and children. An elegant display is made of fine and medimii giade boots and shoes, while the rubbers are purchased direct from the best manu- facturers in the country. Mr. DufTey is known to handle only the productions of the best makers, such as he can honestly recommend and guarantee to his customers for superiority of materials, work- manship, style, and durability. A specialty is ma patronage of the house is widespread and fashionable and tbe pi ices charged are iovariabl.v fair and moderate. .Mr. DuCfey has hamthe productions of the best makers in the trade, and is unsurpas-sed in style, quaUty, durability, and finish, while the range of sizes is such that a stylisb and comfort able fit is readil.y obtained, and at lowest prices. Mr. Simmons is a courteous, agreeable gentleman, devoted to his patrons' best intr; ests, and is highl.y esteemed ir social and trade circles. HARTFORD 65 DK WITT C. POND, Dookscller nnd Stationei-, Xo. 301 Main Street,— This business was oriRinnlly (■stnl)lished in 1801, in the old post office building by Messrs. Charles G. Geer and De Witt C. Pond, as copartners, both liavini; conducted business ^ parately for several years previously. July 1st.. 1875, after the di-ath of Mr. (Jeer, Mr. Pond associated with him in the business Mr. Edward C Hamlin, who died two years after, and in turn was suc- ceeded by Mr. Childs. in 1877. Under the !irni name of Pond & t'hildsthe business was successfully conducted until, on the dissolu- tion of the firm September l!!, 1884, Mr. Pond :ip>in became its sole pi'oprietor. All the leadino; papers and periodicals of both conti- nents are here offered to i^alrons at I'e^ular prices, also countinf? room and office supplies, plain and farc.y stationery, school books and supplies, Bibles, etc. The business transacted in these goods has always been a lar.G:e and thriving one. Mr. Pond is a native of Ver- mont, and has resided in this city since 18.50. A jeweler by trade, he adopted his present business through inclination, Mr. Pond is one of Hartford's most distinguished and popular citizens. He was twice elected to the city council, an-1 for six years succeeding to the board of aldermen and two yeai-s occupied the important position of presi- dent of the board; was also a member of the auditing committee for seven years, offices which he filled with general satisfaction to the public. He takes an active interest iu all public questions of the da.y, and is a strict upholder of the principles of the prohibition p.irty whose nominee he is for the important position of Lieutenant a "vernor of (V.nnecticut. HGEKWICH, Watchmaker and Jeweler, No. 342 Main Street. — There is probably not one among the many well kept ^ jewelr.v stores in Hartford, that have been attended with more gratifying and long continued popularity than that i)f Mr. H. fierwich. It is a neat, compact and well ordered estab lishment, where is always displayed a complete and first class as- sortment of American and European watches and clocks of every description; also a full and fine line of jewelry, including novelties in rings, pins, chains, charms, lockets and emblematic designs— while purchasers can alwa.ys rel.v upon receiving an excellent article. i:rj,I rourteous and satisfactory dealing in this reliable estahUshmeiit Here also can he found everything in the line of optical goods, opera glas.ses, spectacles, eye glasses, etc., also society emblems in quite a variety, in unique designs and artistic workmanship— bottom prices at all times prevailing. Watches, clocks, jewehy. etc., are neatly antl promptly repaired at reasonable rates (fine watch repairing li-'iii'.: a specialty* while a competent assistant is regularly employed, and all work execute 1 in this establishment ir warranted to give s;ifisfaction. Mr. Gerwich is a native of Germany, and a practical, expert jeweler of forty-five years' experience. He established him- self in business in Hartford in 1862. moving to the present location in l*-^, and from the start to the present time has deservedly enjoyed a large and lucrative patronage. FRED C ROCKWELL, Manufacturer of Packing Boxes. P O. Box Xo. 888.— This business was established by the present proprietor in 1870. and the factory is fully equipped with all the modem and improved machinery. A large number of the nK>st experienced and skilled workmen are kept busy twelve months in the year, and the business i.: constantly increasing. The motive power is supplied by a powerful steam engine and work is turned c;it with the greatest rapidity. The facilities for exe:?uting large orders are unequalled, and all work done gives the greatest satisfac- tion to customers. He also manufactures a rubber bucket pump which is fast superseding every other bucket pump in use as it is a labor saver and is capable of raising water from any well no matter what its depth, the largest being eapabh of raising water eigjity feet at the rate of two himdred gallons per minute. These pumps are liecoming very popular and M". Rockwell has bis hands full in turning out oniers. Tbe premises consist of a one story frame buil.liug measuring -W)xI2.'i feet, and should the business continue to increase at its pi-est*nt ratio, more space will be required, Mr. Rockwell is a t.vpical American business man. and is possessed of a large amount of energy and iiluek. He is a practical workman, and is popular with his employes, besides being highly esteemed by his fellow townsmen for his geoial manner and straightfornonl busi ne«is methoxl25 feet in area. Mr. Walker handles only the best and most reliable grades of goods, and offers advantages in prices very difficult to be duplicated elsewhere. All goods are purchased direct from the most celebrated houses, and complete satisfaction is guaranteed to customers. Mr. Walker is an energetic, honorable business man, liberal in all transactions, and his success is as sub- stantial as it is well merited. CP. HANNON & CO.. Pharmacists. No 477 Main Street.— One of the most popular among the well known pharmacies in J the city is that conducted by Messrs. C. P. H mnon & Co. The firm succeeded to it about a year ago and have since made many improvements in the store and put in a new stock of pure, fresh drugs and medicines, and very materially increased the patronage. The business is under the iiTimediate direction and man- agement of Mr. C. P. Hannon, the head of the firm, who, although a .young man, hashsd quite an extended experience compoimding and dispensing medicines, and brings to bear upon the profession a full knowledge of every detail connected with it. He is well and favorably known in the community, and the store, which is liberally patronized by a first class custom, is recognized as a leading one in the section of the city in which it is located. H A R T F O 1^ 1 ) G7 DI3IK SAVINGS HANK OK ll.VRTFORU; Alfred E. Uurr, INci , President; Jolm \V. Welch, Esq., Treasurer.— New Diij'liiinl and Hartford have a model flnaucial institution i:i llie popular Dime Saviupi Bank, which was duly organized iijd incorporated in ISTO. It has had from its ineepliou the advice iinJ support of a number of ITartford's most eminent c.ipitalists and liusiue.'is men, and has retained in the highest degree the entire con- lideuce of the public, by reason of its sound aud conservative finan- cial policy. The board of directors is composed as follows: Mr. .\lfred K Burr, of the firm of Messi-s Burr Brothers; Mr. James Bolter, President of the Hartford National Bank; .llr. John R. Red- licld, Tresiileut of the National E.\chauKe Bank; Mr. '1'. O. Enders, President of the United States Bank; Mr. P. H. VVoodwa.d, the Sec- retary of tlic Board of Trade; Mr. C. C. Kimball, of Messrs. C. 0. Kimball & Co.; Mr. Charles B. Whiting, President of the Orient In- surance Company; Mr. Thomas Sisson, of the firm of Messrs. Thos. Sisson & Co.; Hon. n. Sydney Hayden, Judge of Probate Court; and Mr. Silas Goodell, contractor. These are all familiai' names, those of respected and representative citizens, whose high stauduig m the community is alone a sulilcient guarantee of the abUity and the in- tegrity of the bank's management. Mr. Alfred E. Burr, president, brings to bear spiHjial qualifications for the discharge of the duties of his responsible post, and he is a recognized financial authority, ever solicitous of the bank's welfare. He has the valued support of Mr. John W. 'Weich as treasurer, an eirperienced and energetic bank oflicer, universally popular and respected. Mi'. Thomas M. Smith is the efficient assistant treasurer. The bank occupies a very cen- tral and desirable location in the State Rank Building, where in its handsome counting room every accommodation is afforded to its customers. This bank is a favorite place of deposit witli wage earn- ers aud salaried men; small sums can be laid away here at a good rate of interest, and gradually accumulating, form a security against want and distress in time of need. Many a man and many a family has to thank this noble institution for affording a safe chan- nel through which to encourage thrift aud accumulate the savings made possible by frugality and economy. The bank's resom*ces are now very large aud imist judiciously invested in loans on first mort- gage; Id government bonds and other sound securities. The bank has a large income from these sources; it is run economically and con- servatively by honorable men of highest standing and marked finan- cial sagacity, and those seeking a safe dei>ository for their savings, should open an account in the *' Dime Savings Bank of Hartford." JONES & LITTLE, Pattern and Model Makers, Etc., No. 33 Wells Street —Among those whose reputation stands high in this special department of mechanical art. we find Jlessrs R M. Jones and H. B. Little, who are thorough, ingenious, practical pattern and model makei-s who.^e experience extends over many years. They have been associated as copartners for the past six years, succeeding to the original firm of Jones & Francis, which was established in I8T.3. In 1884 Messrs. Jones and Little started the new firm and are skilled mechanics, and are par- ticularly expert in designing and making draughts of intricate and comphcated mechanism, and make patterns and models from designs, and drawings, with that intelhgent apprehension aud promptness that have given them a reputation not excelled by any others in this section. The product of their workshop, which is con- veniently located at No. 83 Wells Street, embraces every descrip- tion of ])attem work, light and heavy, and all kinds of experimental and working models, gear patterns and cogging gears a specialty. They also have one other specialty which is gaining a favorable repu- tation for them through the northeast and middle states, namely, cutting blocks of every description, but more especially those broad and thin blocks used under a press for the envelope, shirt, collar and cuff, hat and rubber trades, etc. ; also for the boot. shoe, and leather and butchers' trade: and steady employment is afforded a large force of skilled workmen. Both members of the firm are natives of Connecticut, well known to inventors and manufacturers, tbeir ideas. suggestions, aud opinions being sought for and appreciated by a wide- spread clientage. WM. C. SMITH, Groceries and Provisions, No. 119 Peail Street.— To successfully conduct a first class general gro- cery and provision establishment requires not only ability and energy, and a knowledge of the various influences that affect the trade. Ijut also the faculty of anticipating the ever- varying tastes of the community in the matter of food products, iiniong the prominent houses engaged in this line in Hartford, that of Mr. WilUam C. Smith, No. 110 Pearl Street, is deserving of men- tion. Mr. Smith is a native of Glastonbury, this state, where he pri- marily engaged in this business in 1865. In 1868 he removed to Hartford, and ten years later secured his present eligible premises, which are equipped with the latest improved facilities, and will always be found to contain a large, varied, and well selecled stock, including every article in the groceiy and provision line that could possibly be required in the best regulated hou.sehold. The finest grades of goods the market affords are lieie kept on hand, and the patronage includes many of the best families in the city. The trade is constantly on the increase, which fact is the highest tribute that can be paid to the quality of the goods sold and the cvcellence of the management. Mr. Smith is well known iu the city, and in both busi- ness and social circles is highly respected. HARTFORD AND NEW YORK i RANSPORTATION COM- PANY, Foot of State Sti'eet— This business dates back up- wards of fifty yeais to the time when passengers and freight between Hartford and New "Vork were carried by packet sloops. Eventually the Connecticut River Steamboat Compan.v was organized and contmued the business till 1871), when the Hartford and New York Transportation Company was formed. Some years later they purchased and assumed the management of the Connecti- cut River Navigation Company. The executive officers are Mr. E. S. Goodrich, president aud treasurei'. and Mr. C. C. Goodrich, general manager. The company owns the steamers City of Spring- field and City of Richmond, and also attends promptly to sound and river towing, and operates several freight barges. The company has a daily passenger and freight line between Hartford aud New York: and during the summer runs excursions from Hartford to New Y'ork on Saturdays and returning on Monday nights, fares and rooms for three nights, etc., being only S3 ."iO. The steamers are fitted with all the latest improvements for comfort and safety aud are ably commaude.l. The company owns its own dry docks and ship yards at Dutch Point, where the boats can alw.iys be promptly re- paired. Its wharves, etc., are spacious and have every convenience. Mr. E. S. Goodrich is also president of the Hartford street railway. Mr. C. C. Goodrich has been manager for the last fourteen years. Both gentlemen are highly regarded by the community for their energy and integrity, and under their careful guidance the pros, pects of the Hartford and New York Transportation Company are of Ihe most favorable character. AMERICAN HOTEL, W. H. Miner, Proprietor, Corner of American Row and State Street.— This lime honored house came under the management of Captain William Miner in 1883, who had formerly been one of the most popular steam- boat conmianders between this city and New Y^ork, and to him much of its present fame as a home for the traveller is due. Owing to his deeply lamented decease in 1889 his son, Mr. W. H. Miner, formerly of Miner's restaurant, became the proprietor, under whose skilful and enterprising management its popularity has been most ably sustained and its excellent leputation more wide- spread. The building is a large, substantial, five-story brick struo. ture, and contains, besides offices, diniiigrooms, reception and read- ing rooms, parlors, caf6 and billiard rooms, etc., about one hundred sleeping rooms, all of which are light, airy, well ventilated, bright, cheerful, and finely furnished, leading into large, roomy, and well- lighted halls, and kept scrupulously clean, and rendered as comfort- able and inviting as careful effort aud constant atrention can possibly make them. The rates are extremely reasonable, while special rates are given to commercial travellers, theatrical troupes, etc. Mr. Miner is a pleasant, affable, and courteous gentleman, admirably adapted to his calling, and is unsparing in his efforts to provide his guests with every civiUty, attention, comfort, and con- veiuence that can be found in a first-class modern hostelry. (J8 HARTFORD. THEBII.LIXUS i- SPENCER COMPANY (C. E. Hilliu^!^. Pivsi- lieiii and Sinierindeudeui), Mauufacimers of and Dewlers ill Hardware Specialties, Etc. — The creation of a new in- dustry IS always an interesting story to ivoall, tliouf^h, in the <.'ase of the business interests of Connecticut, it is a fre- quent necessity to do so. New nietliods of labor and totally novel forms of old productions are everywhere frequent. The history of the Billings & Spencer Company points this clearly, for the firm was called into existence by the discovery of new principles of production. Drop forcings were, it is said, introduced intii the United States by Samuel Colt, and were used to some TB. PERSSE, Dealer in Flonr. Feed. Hay, etc.. No. ','18 State Street.— The premises occupied by this geutleuian comprise ^ the whole of a commodious loui-hlory buildinj;, equipped with elevator and complete facilities, and a number of efli- cient assistants are employed, while several wagons dehver all over the city and environs: the trade, which is both wholesale and retail, extending throughout the state. A heavy and first-class stock is constanily carried on hand, including best brands of family fiour. meal, middlings, bran, oats, corn, etc.; also mill feed of every de- scription, baled hay, and straw; and all,, orders for anything in the line indicated receive immediate attention, and bottom prices prevail 'VULCAN SURPRISED? extent at the Springfield, :\ras^; . Armorv. PharK's F, Billings. Esq.. the organizer and president of thp Billines S: Spencer Co.. has by his numerous inventions and improvements raised tlieart of drop- forgings from a subordinate industry into one of independence and of the first magnitude. Mr. Billings was formerly emplnved in Colt's Armory as die-sinker and tool-maker. In 186-2 Mr. Billings was offered and accepted a position in the eun factories of Reminar- ton & Son. Here he built up a plant for drop forgiugs. which had a tremendous effect on the efficiency of labor, increasing it forty- fold in the productinn of the several parts of the Remington pistol. Mr. Rilling'* was hi 186.5 appointed as superintendent of the manu- facturing departtnent of the Weed Sewing Machine Company, which post he held for three years. Afterwards he removed to Amherst. Mass . but retnrned to Hartford in 1869. and organized the present company. The works of the Billines & Spencer Co. are situated between Lawrence and Broad Streets. The »iies are stored in fire-proof vatilts. protected by steam to prevent nist. and separated by a safe distance from the other buildings. As an hi- surance of $80,000 was formerly carried on the dies alone, this is a wise step About 120 men are employed by the company, and about SoO.OOO disbursed in wages yearly. The companj' has a capital of $125,000. with the right of increase to $300,000. The officers of the Billings & Spencer Co. are Charles E. Billings president and superintendent; Lucius H. Holt, treasurer: E. H. blocker, secretary: and F. C. Billing*:, assistant sujierintendent. C T.STUART, Photographer. No. r.^ Main Street.- Mr. Sluarl established liimself in business at Lotig Branch, and for ^ ten years was in constant demand by tlie habitues and visitors of that fashionable resort. He subsequently visited Cape May and other watering jtlaces, gaining everywhere un- stinted praise and substantial patronage. In 18S0 he purchased the studio and gallery in this city, where he has since carried on the business, and which is an old established and popular one with the citizens of Hartford. His reception rooms, parlors, and studio are spacious and attractive, while his operating lOoms are equipp^-d and provided with all the finest and latest improved cameras and other photographic appliances. The patronage accorded Mr. Stuart is influential and permanent, and is not confined to the limits of the city, or even of the state. His services have been in frequent demand at the U. S. MiUtary Academy at West Point, and at Vassal-, Princeton. Yale. Harvard, and other leading colleges. The high appreciation in which his artistic productions are held ca'i best be illustrated by quoting the following testimonial presented him by the Picture Committ* of the Yale class of '80. and which speaks for itself. *'To Mr. Charles T. Stuart greeting- In addition to the favorable testimony given by the picture committee ot '79, we desire to give an expression of our approbation of the manner in which Mr. Charles T. Stuart has performed his work as photog- rapher of 80, and to cordially recommend him as a skilful artist and a courteous gentleman. Signed Picture Committee Yale. ■80.'" H A R T F O R D . 69 Aw. SAWTKI.LE & CO., Apothecaries, N.i 111 .Main Street. We ile!fire to make siieoial reference in this coiiiinercial review of Hartford to the old establislied and reliable pharmacy of Messrs. A. W. Sawtelle & Co., which was es- tablished in IS(i4 by John Butler, who was sncceeded by Woodruff .V Curtis, A. H. Woodruff, and ill 1800 by Allen *c Sawteile. Eventu- allj in isr« Mr. A. W. Sawtelle became sole proprietor, and is now conducting the business under llw firm name of ".V. W. Sawtelle & Co." The store is 3.5X100 feet in area, ele);antly equipped and sup- plied with every convenience, includinfc a superior soda fountain. The .slock embraces pure and fresh drugs and chemicals and phamia- ceutitul preparations, also proprietary medicines, toilet and fancy articles, perfumery, foi-eicn and domestic mineial waters, physicians' and surgeon's requisites, druKsists' sundries, in fact, eveiything usu- ally found in a flrst-class pharmacy. A specialty is made of com- poumUng physicians' prescriptions, wliich ai'e always prepared day or night with extreme accuracy and despatch. Mi-. Sawtelle is a native of Hartford, and has l.een connected with this phai-macy as clerk and proprietor for the last thirty yeai s. AI-OXZO WHITE, Commission Merchant and Wholesale Dealer iu Paper, Blank Books, and stationery, No. 13 Central Row. - This business was established in 18.")3 by Cyrus White, who was succeeded by Cyrus White & Co., White & Kewton, A. White & Co., and eventually, in 1ST5, by the present proprietor, Alonzo White. The store is 20x100 feet in dimensions, and is fitted up with every convenience for the accommodation of the extensive, well selected, and valuable stock. Mr. A. 'U'hite keeps constantly on hand full supplii s of envelopes, all sizes and qualities, blank books, I»ass books, blank notes, drafts, receipts, bills of exchange, also demy, folio, foolscap, legal cap, letter, note and billet paper colored tissues, manilla tissues, boob and news, tnanilla, rag, straw, hardware and white tea paper, paper b.igs, Kibels. tin tickets, ink, mucilage, pens, pencils, etc. 5Ir. White handles paper, etc . on com- mission, and guarantees prompt sales and immediate returns. Mr. White was born in Vermont, but has resided in Hartford for the last twenty -eight years, where he is greatly respected in business circles for his enterprise, capacity, and integrity. His trade extends throughout all sections of New England, and is .steadily increasing owing to the superiority of his productions, which are unsurpassed in the market. AW. LANG, Mercantile Printer. No 66 State Street. -Mr. Lang^ who is a gentleman in middle life, has had;a long, practical experience a-s a book and general job printer, and began operations on bis own account in 18T5 on Asylum Street, re. nioviiii: to the premises now occupied in 18('8, where he has evei'y facility for executing work of a superior character expeditiously at fair, reasonable prices. Every description of printing is turned out. a specialty being made of all kinds of mercantile work, letterheads, cards, bill heads, envelopes, etc., and the best satisfaction is always guaninteetl. Mr. Lang is well equipped with all the appliances nec- essary and requisite in the business, and besides three job and a larg.- cylinder press, which are operated by steam power, he has a general variety of new style type, and all the accessories for doing wur I with accm'acy and despatch. Estimates are furnished cheer- fully, and every honorable endeavor made to please all patronizing his establishment Jlr. I.ang is well and prominently known iu mer cantile circles as an upright, honorable business man and useful citi- zen. EDWARD J. DOOLEY, Photographic Appai-atus, No. 49 Pearl Street.— No more palpable eviilence need be deduced as to the progress and popularity of the art of photography, than a mere reference to those houses who handle photographic sup- plies, and command a large trade by simply catering to the wants anil requirements of the amateur and professional photographic ex- ponent. Among such in this section, we make due mention of the house of Mr. Edwapl J. Dooley of No. 49 Pearl Street. This enter- prise was originally established by Mr. A. L. Butler on Main Street. Mr Dooley purchasing in the plant in 1889, and removing to his present headquarters during May. 1890. The premises occupied comprise a spacious and commodious salesroom. 2.5xT'3 feet in dimensions, giving ample accommodation for the manipulation and display of the exceptionally fine lines of goods carried. The stock en)l>races imported and domestic photographic apparatus of every deseriptiou. cameras, lenses, dry plates, chemicals, etc. The store has become a popular supply depot both for the amateur and the professional operator, the patronage enjoyed being of a strictly first class character. Mr. Dooley is a native of Boston, an expert authority on all matters pertaining to photography, and highly popu- lar iu Hartford's art. social, and commercial circles. PECK & PROUTY, Printers and Wood Engravers. Nc 38B .Asy- lum Street.— The printing and wood engraving industry has a prominent representative in Hartford iu the house of Messrs. I'eck & Prouty, whose headquarters are located at No. :J3B Asylum .Street. The inception of this concern first known as the Star Printing Company, dates back to 1877, the founders being the present proprietors, the localiim No. 91 Asylum Street. In 1881 a i-emoval to the present quarters was effected, and in 1889 the firm name was changed to Peck & Prouty, the copartners being R. S. Peck and L. M. Prouty , both of whom have a thorough and practi- cal knowledge of their vocation, being experts in its every depart- ment. The premises occupied comprise a double floor, 50x12.') feet in dimensions, admirably equipped throughout with eight cylinder and jobbing presses, operated, by steam power, and employment is furnished some thirty expert hands, Messrs. Peck & Prouty person- ally superintend the affairs of the house, and carry on a general line of operations as printers and wood engravers, making a leading specialty of illustrated catalogues, insurance and mercantile job printing of every description. .\ll work is executed in the highest style of the printers' art, while the scale of prices is uniformly rea- sonable, and in all their transactions the firm will be found upright and equitible. Satisfaction guaranteed m every instance. H.XRTFORD VARIETY PAVILION, H. J. Curtis, Proprietor, No 98 .\sylum Street.— This enter-prise was founded in 1873 by Mr. H. J. Curtis, and from its inception became the recog- nized headquarters for the best goods in the lines of which it makes a specialty, a position which it has since worthily maintained. The premises at first occupied wei-e located on Main Street, but to successfully meet the growing r-equirements of the business, removal was made a few years later to No. 162 .\sylum Str-eet. Here the busi- ness was conducted with much .success until 1888, when its steady gr-owtlr and increase again necessitated its removal to more spacious qirarters. These were found irr the prenrises now occupied at No. 98 Asylum Str-eet, and which comprise a commodious and attractive .store, 2.'ix70 feet in dimensions, handsomely furirished and fitted up with everj-thirrg that can facilitate the transaction of the large busi- ness done, or promote the comfort and converrience of the patrorrs of the house. The stock car-ried is a lar-ge and varied one. specially selected to meet the wants of the local tr-ade. and is offered at prices with which no other house can compete. The trade is both of a wholesale and retail character-, and four assistarrts are employed. Mr. Curtis is an active and enterprising young business man, and invented, July. 1890, the Hartford Stand and Trainer, which is proving a gi-eat success in the United Stati . England, and Canada, fortrarrringand exercise in winter, with gri. . ification tohisinnnmer'- able f r-iends and admirers. CRANE & GOULD, Choice Beef. Mr'.ttou. Veal and Pork, Poultry and Vegetables, No. .'M4 Asylum Street— A first-class bead- quarters for the supply of meats and provis-ions, and one that commands a f uU share of the gilt-edged trade of the city, is the Hill Mai-ket. advantageously located at No, .'>44 Asylum Street. The business of this concern was foimded in September, 1S89, by the pres- ent proprietors, Messrs. C. E. Crane and B. F. Gould, and under their experienced management has been conducted with uninterrupted success The premises occupied consist of a one-story building put up expressly for the business by the firm. It has dimensions of 2.')x7.'> feet, is fitted with large refrigerators, and is appointed with all modern appliances and conveniences incidental to the busmess. The place is at all times kept in a scrupuloitsly clean condition. At this well ordered establishment a heavy stock is constantly carried of the choicest beef, mutton, veal and pork, poultry and vegetables to l>e found m the city. The firm handle none but the best of evervthing in their line, as their aim is to cater to a strictly first class trade, and to make permanent patrons of all who favor them with their custom. Messrs. Crane & Gould employ a corps of competent assistants, give prompt attention to customers, and they will be found reliable cater- ers with whom to form permanent business relations. 70 HARTFORD GEO. W. FLINT & CO.. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Furni- tui-e. Carpets. Bedding, Stoves, Ranges, and General House Furnishings, No. 61 Asylum Street.— Tliis firm was estab- lished by Mr. Geo. W. Flint in 1SS6, under whose enterprising management the business has increased its dimensions till it re- quires three floors and basement to present the stock in proper shape to the patrons of the house. These floors are 35x12(1. and in ihem will be found furniture of all grades and in great variety. Tlie hest in quality and material, as well as the cheaper grades, which, however, lack nothing in durability and taste when compared with the more pretentious stock-in-trade, are found therein. The carpet ware and show rooms will also well repay a visit, the textures and materials varying from the highest cost to those of more hum- ble yet serviceable quality. There is indeed a fine display in all the departments, the resources of a large storehouse opposite the main store being drawn upon tor tliis purpose. Six to eight clerks and assistants are on hand to attend to the wants of the numerous pa- trons. Besides the furniture and carpet business, they are leaders in the stove business, carrying a fnll line of the celebrated Model Grand stoves and ranges and a great variety of kitchen ware and other goods, so that from basement to attic there is nothing needed for furnishing a home that may not be found therein. Mr. Flint is a native of Fall River, Mass., where he was formerly engaged with his father in the same business. GEO. B. FISHER, Fire Insurance Agent, No. 2-23 Asylum Street —The fire insurance interests of Hartford have an able and foremost representative in 5Ir. Geo. B. Fisher, whose office is located at No. 223 Asylum Street. This gentleman commands a large, influential patronage, numbering among his permanent cus- tomers many leading capitalists, merchants, and property owners, and he enjoys the thorough confidence of the comnumity. Mr. Fisher first established business in 1872. He represents some important insurance companies, prominent among them being the Scottish Union and National Insurance Company, the Lion Fire Ins. Co., the Rochester German Insurance Company, Citizens" Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, and the Fidelity and Casualty Ins. Co. of New York. Risks are assumed to any amount, policies aie written at the lowest premium rates, and all losses that may transpire are promptly and satisfactorily settled. Mr, Fisher is a native of Hart- ford, popularly known in the community, and be enjoys the esteem of all with whom he has business or social relations. AH TILLINGHAST, Groceries, Provisions, Fruit. Etc , No. 91 Main Street.— Twenty-two years ago Mr. Tillinghast ^ started this store, then located at No. 103 Main Street, this city, where he remained for a period of eleven years, when he removed to No. 91 Main Street, corner Buckingham, where he is now located, and has succeeded in establishing himself among the successful merchants of Hartford in his line of bnsmess. The store is desirably located, having a frontage on Main Street of twenty-five feet, running back on Buckingham Street a distance of about one- hundred feet, in which is kept a general line of choice goods in the grocery and provision hues, such as sugar, teas, coffees, spices, canned goods and table delicacies of all kinds, the best brands of flour, salt, creamery butter, fresh eggs, cheese, and all the miscel- laneous articles found in a thoroughly furnished store. He em- ploys five proficient clerks to attend to patrons. Mr. Tilling- hast is a native of Plainfield, Conn., about sL'jty years of age, and has been many years in the business. G EMMILL, BURNHAM, & Co.. Merchant Tailors, Manufacturers and Retailers of Fine Ready-made Clothing, Nos. 64. 60 and 68 Asylum Street.— This firm was first established on Asylum Street in 1871, and the " live" methods of business pursued by the firm, with tlie necessary ac- companiment of excellent values, induced such success that in 1882 the present commodious buildinpr was erected. Still the business kept increasing, so that in 1689 it was again necessary to enlarge the premises, extending the floors back. The business of Messrs. Gemmill. Burnham & Co. now oc- cupies three floors of the dimen- sions 40x150 feet each, and the store is finely equipped with plate-glass front, and polished nut-wood fix- tures. An alley on each side of the building enables the store to be especially well lighted, a desidera- tum in a store where the selection of patterns is often a test of sig- nally good judgment as well as of eyesight. It is the most elegant and best equipped establishment in town, and carries at all times a large stock of the best goods, all of them being made by the firm, who employ from one hundred to one hundred and fifty people in the work. Mr.Juhn Gemmill. the senior member of the firm is a native of Suffield in this state, and Mr. Ed- gar Burnham is a native of Willi- iiiantic. Both gentlemen are not only li\*e business men, but fully aware and ahvaj's equal to the de- mands made upon the public-spir- ited citizens of Conneticut*s capital city, among whose merchants thej' ho!d sueh high rank. JOHN ALEXANDER. Merchant Tailor, Xo. 338 Main Street.— Mr. Alexander embarked in business about 18'^0 as a member of the th'm of Henry Lewis & Co., but owing to mismanage- ment of his partner he lost every cent of his earnings and savings for years. However, Mr. Alexander did not grieve over his loss; he was made of sterner stuff, and at once started in vigor- ously to regain what he had lost, and in 1884 commenced oi^erations, and has since been successful and prosperous. He occupies two very neatly and handsomely furnished apartments en suite, on the second floor of the building No. 338 Main Street which are very handsome and attractive, and contains a large, full, and complete assortment of fine imported and domestic woolens.'suitings. trouser- ings, vestings, overcoatings, etc., in all the new popular prevailing styles, fi'om which selections may be made. Mr. Alexander's skill as a merchant tailor has made hira many friends, and he is doing a splendid business, enjoying the unbounded confidence of all having dealings with him. He is courteous, polite, and attentive, and it should be said to his credit that many of the best dressed men in Hartford are his permanent patrons. With regard to prices, Mr. Alexander is very reasonable, and unremitting in bis attentions to all patronizing his establishment. HARTFORD. DP. COOK. Music and Notion House. No. It-J State Stn-et. AmonK the noteworthy mercantile establishments (if this ^ city, more than passing mention sliouUl be made of the well-known and popular musio and notion house of D. V. Cook, which for close upon forty years has been conducted by the ^ntleinan wlioso name heads the present sketch with uninterrupted prosperity. It is the oldest and the leading; emporium of the kind hidicated in Hartford, and has a nourishing: patronage, the trade. which is large and active, constatitlj' imjiroving. The assortment here displayed is at once extensive, varied and attractive, and in- cludes a great number of novelties^ while the prices prevailing are exceedingly low. The 'stock comprises a complete line of new and elegant toys, games, playing cards, juvenile books, playthings in great variety, baby wagons, children's carriages, Iiobby horses, sleds, velocipedes, etc.; stationery, fancy cards, art novelties, ladies' baskets, jewelrj'. watches, clocks and bric-a-brac: cutlery, leather goods. pUish specialties, small wares and everything comprehended in notions; also a full and fine assortment of musical merchandise, including the largest stock of old violins, 'cellos, guitars, zithers, mandolins, banjos, drums, reed instruments, accordions, harmon icas, sheet nmsic, music books etc.. besides blank books, diaries, whips, and general miscellany. Mr. [Cook, who is a gentleman of full middle age. but active and energetic, is native of this city, well and favorably known in the community both as a citizen and a business man. JR. BARLONV. Books, Stationery, Magazines. Newspapers, Fancy Goods, Etc., No. 233 Asylum Street. — Among the popular establishments in Hartford it is a pleasui-e to call attention to that of Mr. J. R. Barlow. He is a thorough active, courteous, obliging gentleman. anerfect and complete. An extensive stock of goods is carried embracing books of all kinds in various bindings xipon all subjects; and also school books, maps, globes, blank books and office and school and fancy stationery of every description, magazines and serial publications, "libraries," and a wonderful array of fancy goods and a general assortment of articles that belong to the business. Mr. Barlow makes a special featm-e of supplying New York and Boston daily and weekly newspapers, and con- trols a splendid permanent substantial trade, which is steadily growing and increasing each succeeding year under his careful direction and management. He has during his business career care- fully noted the wants of the pul)Iic in his line and is well pi-epared to meet all demands madt* upon him and fill orders pn)uiptly and satisfactorily. GEORGE W. MOORE & CO.. Western and Southern Investment Securities, No. 281 Jlain Street —Tliis business was estab- lished thirty years ago by .^Ir. George W. Moore, who eventu- ally in 1875 admitted Mr. James H. Tallman and Mr. James B. Moore into partnership In addition to a large mortgage business ID the east, they handle investment bonds and stocks of western and southern corporations. They give every protection to the lender which accurate knowledge and judicious judgment as to values can afford. The firm have always a stock of first class mortgages con- stantly on hand: and we advise those who desire greater interest. with the utmost seciuity. to communicate with them. Both part- ners are highly regarded in financial circles for their integrity, and are eminently- worthy of the important trust*; reposed in them by capitalists and investors. AE. KTLBY. Confectioner. No. 44-i Asylum Street.— This busi- ness has been in successful operation since 1886. and came ^ under the control of Mr. Kilby by purchase in February of the present year. He has recently made many improve- ments In the premises, and has increased the facilities, and by his energy is vei->' materially extending Die traile. The premises com- prise a neatly fitted up handsome store. 20x1 1'O feet in area, with basement, und the ■■tpiipment for manufacturing purposes is per- fect and complete. Choice confectionery, caramels, chocolates. etc., and plain and fancy candies are made fresh every day, and a fine trade is supplied. The finest and best cane sugar and other nuiterials only are »ised, and a wide reputation has been achieved by Mr. Kilby for the purity and superior excellence of his goods. A full line of choice confectionery and candies is kept in the store, and also a general assortment of delicious tropical and domestic fruits <)f all kinds, and imported and domestic cigars of all the leading and popular brands. Mr. Kilby is a young nuin of splendid business abilities, and enjoys a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, and is winning success by deserving it. WL. WHITTEMORE & SON. Manufacturers of Silver Plate, Needle and Steel Scratch Brushes. Etc., No. 97 Asylum ^ Street.— A representative and old established house in Hartford actively engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of brushes is that of Messrs. W. L. Whittemore & Son, whose oflflce and factory are located at No. 07 Asylum Street. This busi- ness was established in 1846 by Mr. A. D. Euston. who was succeedeest satisfaction guaranteed. HARTFORD. HORSFALL & ROTHSCHILD, Fashionable Hatters and Men's Outfitters, Nos. 93. 95, aud 99 Asylum Street.— Hartford lacks noae of the characteristics of a capital city, one of the es- sential requisites of which i< that it is equal to the highest social demands. For this purpose Messrs, Horsfall & Rothschild's establishment at Nos. 93. 95 and 99 Asylum Street, affords the best scope. Established in 188i3 it has become the leading bouse in its Une. High grade goods suitable to fashionable batters and men';; outfitters are found there in the spacious double st.ire, elegantly fitted with all modern appointments. The stock comprises all that the latest demands of fashion as well as of good taste require in head gear for gentlemen, and all the many essentials which in these days of exquisite tasce form the personnel of a well dressed man's wardrobe, and is summed in the comprehensive term— outfit. Twelve clerk* whose acquaintance with the needs of patrons in the highest grade of society fit them for their position, attend to the wants of customers, and a stock, whose bewildering vaiiety is less marked than the exquisite taste in its selection, is always found. The spa- cious double store, 50x120 with its elegant plate glass windows, and hardwood finishings, indicates the prosperity which a careful atten- tion to the demands of the best cheutt^le has resulted. Messrs, L. Horsfall & W. B. Rothschild are about forty years of age, and arc much esteemed in the community in whose mercantile enterpi-isi' they have an honored share. F. SPRINGER, Manufacturing Jeweler and Dealer in Dia monds. Watches, aud Fme Jewelry, No. 23 Asylum Street. - If there is any branch of mercantile and industrial enter- prise in which Hartford excels, it is in the number and character of her jewelry establishments, the leading ones of which will compare favorably with the most prominent of those in tht* largest cities in the Union. One of the most popular and successful of the houses engaged in this line is that of Mr. A. F. Springer, who is excellently located at No. 23 Asylum Street. This gentleman be, gan business in 18S6, opposite his present address, as a manufacturei' of jewelry, continuing there np to March, 1890, when be removed to his present quarters, and became a general watchmaker and jeweler. The store, which is of commodious proportions, is fitted up in handsome, attractive style, and is one of the most attrac tive business houses in the neighborhood. The heavy slock carried embraces a complete assortment of the choicest dia- monds and other precious stones, gold and silver watches, clocks and jewelry of every description. A leading specialty is made of fine diamond work, stones being mounted in handsome settings in the most artistic manner. Repairing is also executed at moderate charges. Mr. Springer, who is a native of Springfield. Mass.. has long resided in tliis city, has become familiarly known here, and is justly regarded as a business man of upright principles and integrity. EJ. SMITH & CO., Hosiery. Etc . Nos. 65 and 67 Asylum Street. —This business is located in nu elegant store 2.5x125 feet in ^ dimensions, and contains cue of the best assortments of goods in the state of Connecticut. Everythin:^: in the line that the most fastidious dresser CGuId desire is found therein, and the best makers in Ern'op-^an couutiies are drawn upon for the finest examples of their wares, and thus made conrributory to the cultivated taste of the people of Hartford. The best that Lon* don. Paris, and other centres of European fashion affect or pro- duce in good shape are here set forth side by side with the best domestic productions, which more than likely rival their foreign comp:nitjrs in all that makes up for elegance of style and fit. Th'' most careful dresser might safely entrust the selection of goods io this firm, whose experience is wide and long extended. The busi- ness was first established in 1872 by Mr. Edwin J. Smith. In the year following an interest of another partner was added, and the firm was Coney & Smith. Ten years later another change occurred, and the firm name was Smith, White *t Co., in 1S83. This year it was again chantred. Mr. Smith still at the bead and the name of the firm as given above. The house has the highest reputation in Hartford, Mr. Smith i^ a native of Washington, this state, but has been twenty- six years in Hartford, twenty three of which have been in the special line of business in which he has been so eminently successful. Dur- ing the war Mr. Smith enlisted in the Twentieth Connecticut Volun- teers, and took part in several notable actions. The Twentieth was one of Sherman's regiments, and Sergeant Smith purticipatpd in that campaign that pierced the thin shell of the Confederacy and was made famous by the "March to the Sea." Mr. Smith is one who fully believes in doing his best for the city. He has served in the city council with satisfaction to his constituents, and has been twelve years on the board of fire commissioners and is now presi- dent of that body. CW. PRATT, Ladies' Furnishings, No. 403 Main Street.— The trade in ladies' furnishings, cloaks and suits is an important department among the mercantile pursuits of every busi- ness centre of consequence, and Hartford is no exception to the rule. The leading bouse here engaged in this line of enterprise is that of Mr. C. W. Pratt whose spacious business emporiutn is located at No. 403 Main Street The business v.as originally founded m 1887 by Messrs. Pratt & Sage, the copartnership continuing until March, 1889, when Mr. Pratt became sole proprietor. Thi'ough the thorough knowledge of the business exhibited in the management, a large, influential, and permanent trade has been developed, and a high degree of popular favor secured. The spacious store occupied has a frontage of 25 feet, a depth of 100 feet, and it is appointed throughout in elegantly tasteful style, presenting a handsome and creditable appearance. The large stock carried embraces a superior assortment of ladies' furnishing goods of every description, includ- ing all staple articles and all the latest novelties. In cloaks and suits a fine display is made, all the newest fashions bemg represented. Ten efficient clerks are employed, aud all customers are waited upon promptly and politely. Mr. Pratt gives his personal attention to the management of his affairs, secures the newest goods as soon as they appear in the market, and his establishment will compare favorably with any similar one in the entire country. BILX BROTHERS, Carmen an i General Forwarders. No. A4 Ann Street.— The oldest and most prtmineut house en- gaged in this line is that of Bill Brothers, whose head quarters are at No. -14 Ann Street, where they have been located since April. 1890. their former place of business having been on Asylum Street. The business of this flourishing concern was originally founded in 1850 by Messrs. Smith, Blodgett & Co., Mr F. P. Bill being a n^ember of the firm. It was continued under th.s management up to 1870, when the Messrs. Bill Brothers succeedtd to the control. Since 1885, the proprietors have been Mr. F. P. Bill and his son, Mr. F. R Bill, but they still retain the firm style of Biil Brothers, The Messrs. Bill carry on general operations as carmen aud forwardei*s, making shipments by all fast freight lines at lowest rates, aud furnish bills of lading. They also dehver freight and bag- gage to or from cars or boaf, or to any part of the city, and give particular attention to the moving of safes, machinery, and heavy freight. They employ a large force of experienced men, ownthiity horses and wagons, and are at all times prepared to promptly aud satisfactorily meet all demands made upon their resources. RBALL2RSTEIN&C0., Wholesale and Retail Milliners, Nos. 412 to 420 Main Street. This firm was established in 1860, is ^ therefore one of the oldest, and its members are the lead- ing merchants of the city. They have been at the present l(x?ation for the past four years. The building occupied by them is one of the handsomest and most imposing structures in this part of tlie city, comprising two stories 60x130 feet in dimensions. The splendid salesrooms are elegantly finished, and are furnished with plate glass mirrors and everything in keeping with their large ard elegant stock of goods, great taste and slnll being shown in the ar- rangement of goods in the large show windows and about the rocms. As direct importers of fine millinery goods, this firm possesses facili- ties unsurpassed by those of any of their contemporaries, and are constantly offering a large and varied assortment, representing the choicest fabrics and latest styles and novelties, especially adapted to the wants of jobbers and retaih rs in all parts of the country. Buy- ing in enormous quantities from the most celebrated European houses. Messrs. R. Ballerstein & Co are widely noted for their splendid array of goods and the libeT-ility of their terms and prices. All orders by mail, telephone, or telegraph are carefully attended to. The liberality and enterprise which have ever regulated the business policy of this house are such as to entitle it to universal respect and L'on.'iideration. The proprietors are well known in this city as lead- ing merchants an' instance from this popnlar and responsible firm, which for the seventeen years of its existence has been steadily growing in public favor and confidence. HARGRAVE BROTHERS. Ale and Porter Brewery. Sheldon and Front Streets.— This business was established by 3Iessis. 5 Shannon and McCann in 1S73, and from a comparatively small beginning it has steadily developed and increased, its progress being commensurate with the energy anrl enterprise dis- played in its management, and in the period that has elapsed it bus assumed the proportions of a large and eminently successful indus- try. The premises occupied embrace au eligible three-story brick building 50x100 feet in dimensions, with two story brick annex, con- stituting brewery and malt house. The interior arr.ingement of these is perfect. All the most modern machinery and appUances .are at hand, and a large force of skUled workmen is constantly em- ployed. Messrs. Hargraves are brewers of Canada malt ales and porter, which have attained a high reputation for purity, strength, and excellence of flavor, and which meet with a ready sale through- out the city and vicinity. Au idea of the popularity of Messi*s. Har- prave's ale and porter may be inferred from the fact that they sell on an average fifteen thousand barrels yearly. They are practical brewers of long experience, natives of Albany, New York, and since locating in Hartford have always given a public spirited support to <*very measure best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of the city. The individual members of the firm are Messrs. George O. and Thomas H. Hargrave, personally genial and courteous gentlemen, honorable and fair in all transactions, and well Newington line. The book and records of the old town belonged to Xew Britain by the terms of the act. The first town meeting in the new town was held July 22, 1850, and the borough of New Britain was incor- porated the same year, being four hundred and eighteen rods in length from north to south, and one mile in width from east to west. The Town Hall, the present high school building, was the centre of the borougli. At the time New Britain was first settled few or no Indians resided there. The Tauxis Indians, from the valUy of the Farmington river, occupied a portion of the nortliern part of the place. Dead Swamp and vicinity being- a favorite hunting-ground. The Indians, by their knowledge of the country, were often an aid to the wliitcs. Some of the settlers of New Britain were at first accustomed to seek shelter in the fort at Christian Lane, but this was a temporary arrangement, for they soon found that their new liomes could be occupied without moles- tation. The town of New Britain is about five miles in length and four miles in breadth. In the northern and western parts of the town the hills rise to a considerable height and the surface is broken ; in the southeast the town extends to the meadows near the source of the Mattabesett. Most of the place is high, composed of rolling hills and irregular shaped valleys.. The main street of the city is about one hundred and seventy feet above sea-level at the railway crossing. The town forms a veritable water-shed, one of its streams discharging its waters into the Quinnipiac at Plainville, and thus passing into the Sound at New Haven; another forming an important branch of the Mattabesett, joining the waters of the Connecticut at Middletown ; and a third flowing northeasterly, uniting with the Connecticut at Hartford. The soil is generally fertile, producing good crops in those parts of the town devoted to agriculture and gardening. The trap-rock in tlie hills, and that wliich crops out in different parts of the town, afford material for the foundations of buildings, paving roads, and otlier stone work. Lead, asphaltum, calcite crystals, and other minerals have l)pen found, and nearly an entire skele- ton of the Mastodon Americanus was dug up some years ago on the land of the lato William A. ClnircliilL 74 N H W BRITAIN. between Main and Aroli stroets. As the busiiiess of the tciwn and borougli increased, the necessity of exercis- ing additional safeguards beoanie evident, and a city charter was obtained in 1870. The northern boundary of the city coincided with the boroucjh line as far as that extended, but the southern bonndarv was upon the towir line. From east to west tlie i-ity oxtcnils six hundred rods, or one hundred and forty rods beyond tlie borouijh :g new BRITAIN. liuundary in each direction. Under tbe city cliartev and amenduients the streets were extended and mucli improved. Tlie police and tire departments were reorganized and made more efficient, the apparatus for extinguishing fires was greatly increased, large additions were made to the water-works, an excellent system of sewerage was adopted, and its benefits extended to all the principal streets of the city. The city government consists of a mayor, and common council, composed of four aldermen and sixteen councilmen, one alderman and four councilmen being elected from each of the four wards of the city. The city clerk and city treasurer are also chosen at the city election. MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE, ETC. .Vs a manufacturing and distributing point New Uritain has many advantages, and her claims in this n the fact that permanency of prosperity of any community lies in the possession of a diversity of manufacturing enterprises, the people of New Britain liave fostered without stint the location here of industrial establish- ments, into the management and direction of which great energy and skill have been imparted. Capital and ])ush have given Xew Britain good stores, wholesale and retail, the stocks of dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, hats and caps, hardware, machinery, crockerj', etc., being rich and varied ; and as the freight rates are low, prices are too, so that people from the surrounding country come here to buy, while the wholesale trade serves many sections at considerable distances. The business men are so fully alive and attentive to the wants of the community, that there is no necessity for going outside to get anything, for here everything that can be required by a family can be had of the latest pattern and fashion, and at prices which compare favorably with those ruling at the metropolitan centres. These enterprises are managed with considerable energy and success, and so long as the commercial interests of Now Britain are in the hands of such men as her present merchants, a large measure of prosperity is assured to this favored city. In brief, it may be simply stated that New Britain can be justly classed among the pleasant and prosperous places with which Connecticut abounds. In 1880 it had a population of thirteen thousand nine hundred and seventv-ciglit, which lias since been increased to -some eighteen thousand. The real estate is assessed at upwards of .S5.000,000T There are over eighteen hundred dwelling-houses, three hotels, two national and one savings bank, four live and breezy news- papers, and an opera house which is said to be the most beautiful in New England outside the larger cities, and liaving unexcelled acoustic properties. The State Normal School is located here, and the svstem of public schools is one of the best. Here are complete telegraph, telephone, and electric fire-alarm systems, splendid railroad facilities, and finely paved and macadamized streets. As an entire recapitulation of all we have written, we can only say that New Britain has everything to oiler that can be desired, whether for private residence or the carrying on of manufacturing or coiumcrcial pursuits, and its future is one of a most promising and hopeful oharaotcr. in the ensuing pages a resume is gi\en of the leading and roprescMtativc Iiousl-s who arc awake to the de- mands of the times, and arc endeavoring to make New Britain a leading source of supply for all commodities. RC. DUNH.-VM, Dentist, No. 199 Main Street —This gentleman np ( established his practice here in 1857, and has yince enjoyed I J a large, influential patronage, derived from our best classes J^ ^ C. HAYES, Butter, Eggs. Etc., No. 11 Lafayette Street.— Al- though but a comparatively short period in existence, the Lafayette Street Cash Butter Store. located at No. 11 on of citizens, and has built up a permanent reputation, and that thoroughfare, has proved a success that more than is recognized as the oldest and most prominent leader in his respon- attests the wisdom that inspired the venture, to say nothing of the sible profession. He occupies for the purposes of his business a suit energy and abilitj- displayed in its management. The premises oc- of elegantly furnished reception parlors and operating rooms, and all cupied are spacious, and have been completely and systematically the most improved appliances are at his command. Dr. Dunham equipped with the best known modern appliances tor the perfect performs dentistry in all its various branches, executing the finest, preservation of the delicious dairy .tnd farm products found here, most complicated work in a thorough, finished manner. He is an Nothing but the finest qualities are handled, and all goods are guar- expertdentistof upwards of forty years' experience, while his patients anteed as lepreseiited. The stock embraces gilt edge and sweet are not derived from this city only, but come from all parts of this cream butter of the choicest quality, and the best grades and varie- and the neighboring states. Dr. Dunham giveshis personal attention ties of cheese and fresh laid eggs, which are received daily from the to all the operations performed in his operating rooms. The doctor most reliable sources of production, and sold both at wholesale and Is In the prime of life, and is entirely devoted to his profession, of retail. The foregoing goods represent the specialties of the house, which he has made a life study. His parlors are constantly filled and are supplemented by a choice hne of canned goods, teas, with patients. -vliile he himself is held in the highest estimation by the coffees, and also fruit. Popular prices prevail, and no effort on community for his strict integrity and ability, and well deserves the the part of the proprietor is spared to please and satisfy all large measure of success attained by his industry and skill. patrons. NEW BRITAIN. Jo, DEMINO. nealt-r In I'laru-s. Organs. Musical Merchnndise, Koreigu aud Doiiifslic Fruits, Confecliunery, Etc., No. 143 ^ Main Street— A deservedly prosperous establishiueut en- gaged in the line of trade above indicated is that of Mr. J. O. I>emlng. Mr. Ueming is a native of Granby, this state, and a resident here since 1854. Desirous of embarking in business on bis own account, he iuaugurated this enterprise in 1S72. and at once developed a very hberal and influetiiiat patronage, and in order to meet its increasing demands with better facilities he removed to his present address in 188li. ITis store is of ample dimensions, compactly arranged and very handsomely appointed, having every convenience for the display of his varied assort- ment of goods and the reception of customers. He is the author- ized agent of some of the best iiiann-forte and organ manu- fjii'turers in the country, and a Ihie assortment of their goods is kept constantly on hand. lie also carries n fine stock of musi- cal merchandise, such as violin, guitar, and banjo strings, bridges, screws, also instruction books, while a specialty is made of sheet- music of all kinds, also blank books of all descriptions, stationery, dairies, writing, letter and note paper, envelopes, pens, inks, pen- cils, school supplies, and fancy stationeiy articles. He likewise does a very extensive trade in foreign and domestic fruiis, fine confectionery, and keeps constantly on hand a full stock of the choicest and pm-est confectionery goods, which are receivfd fresh direct from the best manufacturers known to the trade and are sold at lowest prices Mr. Deming is a pleasant, courteous, and enterprising dealer, prompt, honorable, and reliable, and enjoys the fullest eonlidence of all with u hom he has any social or conimHruial dealings. FH ARNOLD, IMillinery. Fancy Goods, Etc., and Ornamental Die Sinking, Modelling aud Engraving, No. 327 Main Street. ^ —Among the popular establishments in New Britain which have been given a place in this volume none deserve more favorable consideration at our hands than the popular and widely known millinery goods emporium of Sir. F. H. Arnold, No. 327 Main Street. This business concern was founded in 1875 by Mrs. J. F. Arnold, and came under the control of the present proprietor— her son— in 1888, and is increasing iu popularity as time advances. The salesroom is handsomely fitted up, and contains an ample carefully selected stock of French and domestic milliner}-, embracing a com- plete variety of hats and bonnets, flowers, feathers, phnnes, ribbons, satins, velvets, silks, frames, ornaments, birds, and a vast array of small wares known to the trade as notions and fancy goods. All the latest styles are displayed, everything fi-esh and fashionable always being fo\md first at this fine establishment, which has become a lead- in? headquarters for the supply of the finest goods in the lines men- tioned. Fashion leaders iu this section make this a favorite source of supply for millinery requisites, this being rightly considered one of the finest establishments in its line in theNaugatuck Valley. Mr. Arnold personally is a young man of push, ent^riirise, and progres siveness, well worthy of a leading place among the prominent and representative merchants of the city. P ENFIELD & DYSON, Paper Hanging, Painting, Grainin-,'. Glazing. Kalsomiuing, Etc.. Nos. 53 and 54 Church Street.— Tliese gentlemen are by general consent amotig the foremost exjionents of the art indicated in the state of Connecticut, and liave a national reputation, some of the notable buildings nntl finest private residences throughout this city and its vicinity attest- ing their skill. Both gentlemen are practical designers and ex|)ert decorative paintei-s of many years' experien>:;e, and, in short, arc complete masters of their art tn all its branches. This business was establishes! in I8t>5 by Mr. .John Payne, whu was succeeded iu 1H84 by the present proprietors, who have occupied their present CQmmo- dious quarters since ilie above date. Tlie store occupied is 2'*x50 feet in dimensions, and conveniently airangi-il for the prosecution of the business, while from ten to seventeen skilled workmen aie constantly employed, and their pntroimge. which is of a highly flat- tering character, extends all over the city. Tliis flrm is prepared to enter into contracts for all classes of work in their line of trade. while they guarantee satisfaction in every instance, exercising im- mediate personal super^-ision over all work executeti. The individ- ual meml>ers of the firm are Messrs. L. D. PenfieUl aud W. J. Dyson, who are gentlemen of the higliest repute nnd'standing in business circles, whose work is everywhere recognized as an example of what can be achieved In tlie way of magnificence by a master mind iu this business. HARTFORD ONE PRICE CLOTHINlJ COMPANY, Branch Store, Nos. 357 and ."JSO Main Street.— This branch store was opened in 1383. aud since that date has built up a large and substantial trade. The jiremises occupied comprise two 'superior stores, 35x100 feet in dimensions, which are admirably and elegantly equipped with everj* convenience and facility for the suc- cessful prosecution of the business. Mr. D^'er brings a wide range of practical knowledge and experience to bear ui)on the business, together with an intimate perception of the wants of the pub- lic. He deals only in the most durable foreign and domestitr woolens, cassimeres, suitings, etc., while his clothing has always been noted and appreciated by customers for fashionable style, ex- cellent cut, finisli, quality, and workmanship. The i>rices of this house defy competition, Mr. Dyer has had many years' experience in the business, and was for a long period of time the confidential man at the main store in Hartford. He is higlily esteemed and respected for his man}' excellent qualities, and is everywbei-e recog- nized as an honorable gentleman and an uyiright citizen, AE. JACKSON, Confectionery. Ice Cieam, Etc.. Church Street.— One of tlie more recent acquisitions to the attrac- ^ tive establishments on Church Street is the confectionery and ice cream saloon of i\Ir. Jackson, located on Booth's Block. This enterprise was opened by its present proprietor in May of the current year, aud met with a gratifying success from the start. The handson.e store is neatly and tastefully fitted up with jilate glass show cases, ornamental fixtures, and a soda fountain of new and novel design. In the rear of the store is a finely furnished saloon parlor, which is provided with every convenience for the accommodation of the public. Mr. Jackson handles all kinds of fine French confectionery and American candies, ices, ice cream, also oysters in season, and likewise serves light lunches, tea. coffee, etc., and supplies a large demand. The store and saloon are liber- ally patronized by an appreciative public, and Mr. Jackson, who is a ready, courteous, polite, attentive gentleman, has just cause to be proud of the success whijh has so early attended his well directed efforts. He fills all orders promptly, and guarantees the best ser- vice in the line of his business of any merchant in the city. Mr. Jackson is of English nationality, and by profession an artist and engraver. In New Britain he is very popular both as a business man and private citizen. THE AMERICAN BUTTON FASTENER COMPANY. Arch Street.- In the production of all kinds of useful specialties aud devices American mannfaciurers far surpass those of other nations, and in this connection we desire to make spe- cial reference to the representative and successful American Button Fastener Company, sole manufacturers of the American button setting instrument, one prong metallic button fastener. This fas lener has now been introduced into a large number of the leading- shoe factories of the United States, Canada. an Main Street. This company is ably represented in Xew Britain by Mr. E. E. Linke. who has bad many years' experience in the business and is an acknowl- edged authority upon the qualities and flavors of tea. This business was established in 1875, and in 1?W,5 Mr. Linke took sole management, and since that date it has enjoyed a liberal and influential patronage. His teas and coffees are imported direct and purchased in bond, and consist of the finest quaUty of teas from China, Japan, and India; while his coffees are from Java, Mocha, and South America, and are fresh roasted and ground daily. His teusand coffees arepronounced by every housewife to be unsurpassed for quality, flavor, and excellence by any other concern in the state. He also deals extensively in crock- ery of all kinds, and in this line he offers special inducements to pa. trons. Mr. Linke is a native of Hartford, and is about thirty one years of age, and a gentleman who thon^ughly understands his business in every detail. His store is modern in style and elegantly fitted up with a large and choice stock of teas, coffees, and crockery. Mr. Linke is highly esteemed and respected by the community for his many excellent qualities and strict probity. NEW YORK BUTTER STORE. Russell Brothers, Xo. 51 Church Street.— These gentlemen have had a practical experience in the butter trade for many years, and their headquarters are located in New Haven, and opened the branch store in this city in 1885. Here they occupy a large, commodious store, and solicit consignments from the best producing sections of the cout:try. The butter handled by them is selected with the greatest care from the best dairies, and is guaranteed pure and of superior quality and excellence. Liberal advances aie made on consignments, while quick sales and prompt returns are invariably assured. All orders are promptly and carefidly filled at the lowest ruling market prices, and the trade of the house is steadily increasing, owing to the superiority and reliability of its goods and the enterprise and integrity of all its business transactions. The stock is kept up to the highest standard of excellence by fresh and frequent invoices from the best sources of supply, and the goods handled commend their own superior merits to the confidence and patronage of critical and judicif»us buyers. The trade of the house is of a character to serve as the best possible proof of its ability to meet every demancl that may be made upon it, and also assures its continued success and permanent prosperity in the future. JAMES SHAW, Wholesale and Retail Dealer in all Kinds of Fresh Meats, Etc., Xo. 357 Arch Street.— Though established about one year, he does a large trade, and numbers among his patrons some of the best people of the vicinity. The business of this house is both wholesale and retail, and the prices are extremely mod- erate. A competent force of assistauta aid the proprietor in attend- ing to the wants of his customers, and a horse and wagon is called into requisition for the purpose of taking orders and delivering pur- chases to patrons in any part of the city. Mr. Shaw was born in England, and has resided in this city for the past four years. He is held in the highest estimation by the community as a skilled butcher who has ever maintained the reputation of dealing only in the choic- est of meats, vegetables, oystei*s, etc. LOUIS A. VETTER, Practical Plumber and Gas fitter. Xo. 64 Church Street.— Among the mostprominent and skilled plumb- ers, steam and gas fitters in this city is Mi*. Louis A.Vetter.who established his enterprise in the spring of 1890. The premises occupied are very commodious, being 35x50 feet in dimensions, and well fitted up with every appliance and facility for the prosecution of the business, employment being given to a large number of skilled mechanics. A complete stock of plumber's, gas-fitter's, and steam supplies is carried, while everything in the way of plumbing, venti- lating, gas. water and steam fitting is executed. Contracts of all kinds are entered into, and the complete fitting up of buildings is satisfac torily performed. Sanitary plumbing is the specialty of the house, and an active experience of over eighteen years like that of the pro- prietor "s is certainly an element to command confidence. Mr. Vetter is a native of the state of Connecticut, and is highly esteemed by the commimity. and is everywhere recognized as a thorough master of his trade, while he justly merits the success attained by his energy, enterprise, and perseverance. 80 NEW BRITAIN. HERBERT G. FOWLER. Real Estate. Insurance, and Loan Broker, Etc.. No. :ilO Main Street.— A prominent representa- tive in iliis line is Mr. Herbert G. Fowler, who lias an intimate knowledge of the value of real estate in all sections of the town and surrounding vicinity, and is regarded as a reliable authority, and transacts all branches of the business— buying, selling, and ex- changing property, collecting rents, interests, incomes; paying taxes, sffirching titles and rendering abstracts of the same, managing es- lates. negotiating loans on bonds and mortgages, discounting com- mercial paper, the sale and purchase of investment securities, etc. He is always enabled to offer investors a choice from a long list of eli- gible properties, and those seeking hLsaid and counsel can rely upon his sound judgment and advice in making purchases. He is alst^ popular in insurance matters, and as tlie authorized agent of the Sun Fire. CaUfornia, Reliance, and United Firemen's Insurance Com- panies, he is prepared to place risks to any aury. lis is ail age of progress and developiiiciit. Study the liistory "f tliis country from « liatcx l r standpoint you may, and the inevitable conclusion arrived at is that Auiericans are a marvelKius- people. Their chief characteristic seems to be a restlessness of disposition, which, combined with fertility of resource has made them essentially a race ever advancing in the patlis of progress, civil- ization and enlightennient. States, territories, and cities have been carved out iisidered one of the great manufacturing centres of the commonwealth, and its reputation in this respect is steadily incrcis. inif vear bv year. Thus in 1860 there was about |(750,000 invested in manufacturing ; to-day there is in the neio-hborln>o.l of §9,000,000. The many concerns employ some 0,000 hands, and disburse in wages each year upwards of %3, 000,000. Although the city is still true to its name of the " Brass City" of the worlil, altliough its citizens are so frequently dubbed the " Yankee Clockmaker.s," and although a large per cent of all the buttons — of whatever material — used in the world still come from here, those old and evfr stable industries are WATERBLlRY 81 by no means tlio onlj" ones; neitlicr is the limit foiuul in the vasi amdimt, of pins, needles, hosiery, machinery, webbing, lamps, knick-knacks, beer, paper boxes, malleable iimi, silverware, electric goods of all kinds, car- riages, aluminum, metals of various sorts, blank-iiooks, ' > j i // and Waterbury watches that are sent out daily. . \A\ i /I |)''/ I':, ] Aj/n^/ hy BANKING. Anv attempt to review the manufaeturino- and com- X \V 1)IIIIIS^a?W\*'1!1 ' "' u'lllA W-"~^ niercial resources of any business centre must give a position of the first importance to the banks and moneyed institutions. They hold the great me'. RALPH N. BLAKESLEE, Storage, Teaming, Forwarding, Etc., Office in Naugatuck Freight Depot.— This enter- prise was inaugurated several years ago by Mr. L. Beardsley, who in 1879 sold out his interest in it to the present proprietor. The business done is a complex one, and includes a general line of jobbing, teaming, and forwarding of freight, and of warehousing and other branches incidental thereto. In the carrying'of bis large and active trade Mr. Blakes- lee makes use of 100 horses and a large number of trucks, wagons, express carts, etc., among which are three four-horse trucks and boiler wagons for the transportation of heavy freight, forty two horse trucks and eight single-horse ones, all of which are in con- stant emploj'meut. The premises utilized are very spacious and commodious, and are located on Meadow and Field Streets. They comprise a shed 135 feet in length, a fire proof barn 130x150 feet in dimensions, having stall accommodation for over fifty horses, pro- vided with hot and cold water, and thoroughly and fully equipped in every respect. On Meadow Street are large warehouses for the stor- age of goods consigned to the establishment from all parts of the country for delivery and forwarding. These buildings are new, having been erected in 1885, and are complete in every particular, and offer every guarantee of the careful attention given to orders and commissions entrusted to the house. A hospital forsick and in- firm horses is also managed in connection with the stables, under the personal supervision of experienced veterinary surgeons. The mov- ing of heavy and other freight is attended to, a specialty being made of the removal of pianos by Reynolds patent piano mover. All orders are promptly attended to and faithfully executed at short notice. Baled hay and sti'aw are also kept in stock in large quantities for sale, and the charges in all these various departments are fair and reasonable. JAMES HORIGAN, Dealer in Choice Family Groceries, No. 305 Bank Street.— Mr. James Horigan is an Irishman by birth, and came to this country and to Waterbury in 1873. He estabhshed his present thriving house on July 2, 1881, and from the start, through his fine business ability and the excellence of the goods he handled, secured a firm footing among the leading retail grocers of the city. The premises he occupies are centrally located and com- prise the first floor and basement, e^ch having an area of ^12x75 feet. Here are always to be found the choicest family groceries, including teas, coffees-, spices, canned goods, fine family flour, table delicacies, sauces, condiments, relishes, pickles, mustards, olives, capons, for- eign and domestic fruits, nuts, dried fruits, vegetables, fresh dairy and creamery butter and cheese, fresh eggs, and other farm and garden produce. A special feature of the bu-iness is the large stock always on hand of fine liquors, exclusively for family use, including the best wines. liquors, ales, beei-s. and porters, native and foreign. I.,ow prices pi-evail. and the utmost courtesy and attention are paid to patrons by the proprietor and liis staff of efficient assistants. Mr. Horigan is exceedingly popular in social and I)usiuess circles, and his success is a source of nuich gratification to his many friends. 8i WATERBURY THE WATERBURY SMELTING AND REFINING COMPANY, Office, No. 44 Meadow Streer; Works, Nos. 33, 35, 37, and 39 Maple Street.— This reliable and representative company was started June 10, 1890, with ample capital, the executive ofBcei-s being Mr. M. E. Keely, President; Mr. B. A. Marsh. Secretary; and Mr. P. Keely, Superintendent. The factory is 50x100 feet in area, fully equipped with the latest improved apparatus, appliances, and ma- chinery known to the trade. Here a number of skilled workmen are employed, and tlie machinery is driven by steam-power. The Waterbury Smelting and Refining Company manufactures largely all kinds. of ingot metals, including ingot copper, brass, bronze, com- position; also pig lead, tin, antimony, and spelter. Their ingot met- als are noted for their purity and excellence, and they pay the high- est prices for scr.ap brass, drosses, skimmings, and ashes. Ordersare promptly filled at the lowest ruling market prices, and the trade of the company extends throughout the entire Eastern and Middle States and New England. The officers are highly esteemed in trade circles for their integrity and skill, and the prospects of the company are of the most favorable character. The office is at No. 44 Meadow Street, the works at Nos. 33 to 3!i JIaple Street, while the telephone- call is 223. FR. HARRIS, JIauufaeturer of Fine Brass, Copper, Silver. Tinned, Spring, and Brush Wire, No. 19 Meadow Street.— This business was established December, 1885, by Harris & Abbott, who were succeeded by Mr. F. R. Harris. The premises occupied comprise a commodious floor 30x50 feet in area, fully equipped with the latest improved machinery and appliances known to the trade, and operated by steam-power. Here ten skilled hands are emploj'ed. and the trade of the bouse, which is steadilj' in- creasing, now extends throughout the entii'e Vnited State.s. Mr. Harris manufactures fine bras-s, copper, silver, tinned, spring, and brush wire. His goods are general favorites with tlie trade, and have no superiors in this country fc.r quality, strength, and reliabil- ity, while the prices quoted are lower than those of other first-class houses. Mr. Harris was engaged for some time with the Benedict Burnham Manufacturing Company, and is highly regarded in trade circles for his skill and integrity. Orders for all kinds of wire are promptly filled, while a specialty is made of Fourdrinier wire, which is unsurpassed in the market. RS. R.^SMUSSEN, Florist, No. 145 Bank Street.— This busi- ness was established by the present proprietor in 18S8, and since its iuceptiou at that date he has continued it with flat- tering success. The green-houses owned by Mr. Rasmus- sen are located on the town plots, and cover a surface area of 4000 square feet. The salesroom is 22x25 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with every convenience for the prosecution ot the business. The business of this house is retail and extends all over the city and its vicinity. The store, which is located at No. 145 Bank Street, is commodious, elegantly fitted up, and attractive, and fully stocked with flowers brought from the green-houses fresh every morning. Mr. Rasmussen was born in Denmark, and has resided in the United States since 1805. He is a gentleman ot experience and undoubted ability in his particular line of business. Mr. Rasmussen is greatly respected by the entire community, and is everywhere spoken ot as a thorough master of the knowledge of flowers, and as an honorable, upright business man. SPENCER & PIERPONT, Dealers in Fancy and Staple Grocer- ies, Provisions. Meat, Flour, Grain, Meal, etc., Nos. 142, 140, and 152 East Main Street.— Among the most flourishing estab- lishments to be found in the wholesale and retail trade of Wa. terbury is the representative and leading house of Messrs. Spencer & Pierpont. It was founded in 1865 by Messrs. G. L. and J. A. Spencer, under the firm name of G. L. Spencer & Son. In 1871 the senior part- ner died, and the business was conducted by the son alone tor one year, when Mr. Hall was admitted to the firm. Seven years later, upon the latter gentleman's withdrawal, he was replaced by .Mr. Pierpont. The premises first occupied were located at No. 152 East Main Street (same side of street now occupied as teed store). The rapid growth ot the business soon necessitated a removal to more spacious quarters, which were found in the magnificent stores now utilized. The stock carried is probably the heaviest in this line in the city, and embraces everything, foreign and domestic, usually to be ■.:^ound in first-class groceries, also fresh, salt, and smoked meats, the finest brands of family flour, grain of all kinds, meal, feed, etc. The goods handled are all ot the best quality, and the prices quoted are the lowest market rates. Both partners were brought up in the busi- ness, of which they know every detail; and as they give their personal supeiTision to all its branches, patrons are assured of receiving sat- isfaction in every case. Mr. Spencer is a native of this State, and. although but forty-eight years ot age, has a most honorable war rec- ord. He enlisted in 1861 in the Fourteenth Connecticut Volunteers, and was wounded at Fredericksburg, December 12, 1802. In the August f I 'flowing he returned to the field, and \\as in 1864 captured by the rebels at Reams Station, and was confined in Belle Isle prison two mouths and in Salisbury prison tour months. He is a member ot Wadham's Post of the G. A. R., No. 49. Mr. Pierpont was born in Canton, and is aged forty-four. Both partners are prominent citizens, and are leaders in church, social, and business circles. E BALDWIN, Livery and Boarding Stables, Etc., No. 112 South Main Street. — The livery, boarding and feed stable system of Waterbury has its leading representative in Mr. E. Bald- win, who fii-st began business some thirty years ago at No. 1 Bank Street, remaining there up to 1885, when he removed to his pres- ent more commodious quarters. Here he occupies a fine two-story brick building, with large yard attached, the whole covering an area of 125x150 feet. The stable has ample accommodations for forty horses, and is fitted up in the most improved style tor the successful con- duct of the business, all modern conveniences and appliances having been provided. A large number ot first-class single and double teams are at all times available for public use, the same being ob- tainable at all hours upon the most reasonable of terms. Horses are boarded by the day, week, or month at lowest rates, and are given the best of attention. Mr. Baldwin is zealous in maintaining the ef- ficiency of his establishment, as well as the advancing the interests of all who favor him with patronage, and his success and popularity ha%'e been fully earned. He is a native of Connecticut, and has re- sided in Waterbury for the past thirt}--two years. AMERICAN TEA COMPANY, No. 24 East Main Street.— This house sustains an enviable reputation for the purity and freshness of its goods, and is popularly patronized by the best classes ot citizens. The business was first organized in 1876 by 3[r. John Maddock, who continued it up to 1880, when he was succeeded by Mr. P. H. Quinn, the latter remaining io possession up to 1884, when the present proprietor, Mr. John Fay, came into the control. BIr. Fay, who is a native of New York state, came to this city in 1872, when a lad ten years old. In 1876, on the opening of the establishment now owned liyhim, lae entered its employ. He is a business man ot progressive principles, liberal in his pohcy, and he enjoys the fullest confidence ot his numerous patrons. The store oc- cupied for the purposes is of commodious proportions, is tastefully appointed, and convenient in its arrangement. The heavy stock carried embraces a complete line of the choicest teas, coffees, and spices, the best to be found in the market. There is also a superior display of glass, crockery and ehinaware, a specialty being made of fine imported and domestic table glassware. SPECIALTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Special Brass Workers, Corner Meadow and Benedict Streets. — X reliable and successful house in Waterbury. actively engaged in the manufacture of specialties in brass and other metals, is that known as the Specialty Manufacturing Company, which was estab- lished in 1880 by Jlessrs. G. G. and A. C. Griswold. Their trade ex- tends throughout all sections of New England. The factory is a commodious two-story building, 30x50 feet in area, fully equipped with the latest improved tools, machinery, and appliances, operated by steam-power. They employ only skilled workmen, and manufac- ture special clock movements, models of inventions, district call- boxes, single and double tracers, steam and water gauge movements, etc. Small brass and iron turning is also carefully attended to, and all articles requiring small gearing are promptly handled. Mr. G. G. Griswold was born in Connecticut in 1817, and his son, ?Tr. A. C. Griswold, in Chester. Conn., in 1857. Mr. Griswold was formerly in the bit and auger business in Chester, Conn., while his son was pre- viously with the Terry Clock Company. Both partners are highly regarded for their skill and integrity, antl are vei:>' i>opular and i «•- spected in trade circles. WATBRBURY. 85 WATEIUJL'KY DYE WORKS, II. M. Kcll.'y Propi-ietor, No, 34 Uiaml Street - The value of ecoiiojny is nowhere bettei- ilUistrateii than in using llie resources of a first-class dye house for the reliahilitation of clotlies and other material vvliioli. with no perceptible injury to its fabric, has become soiled or faded. At tli« Waterbury Dye Works, at No. 34 Urand Street, there can bo found all the facilities necessary for dyeing, cleansing, and press- ing goods, and the experience of llie enterprising proprietor, Mr. H. yi. Kelley, is a guarantee that work committed to him will receive the best of care and will be done up, as his useful business card claims, in the best of shapes. Under these circumstances there is no necessity for the gooil ladies of Waterbiu-y sending their materials out of town to be dyed, cleansed, or pressed, when the home indus- try is ready and willing to take care of it at prices far below what it can be done for elsewhere, and with equal or more satisfactory re- sults. The work done at this establishment is of all kinds, and the more fashionable colors are especially treated well, so as to give the liveliest satisfaction by making wearing apparel and other goods look as good as new. Mr. H. M. Kelley, the proi>rietor, is of a thor- ough business type, aud advertises shrewdly. His useful business card gives on its inside pages the location of every fire alarm bos in the city, with the most e-xplicit directions. These are always useful for reference, and there may easily come a time when, like the Texan's pistol, it is wanted in a big hurry. JF. PHELAN, Fine Teas and Coffees, No. 87 East Main Street.— This house has succeeded in building up a large trade by honorable dealing, keeping the best goods in the market, and selling them as low as honest dealing would permit. Mr. Phelan has been highly successful, for he buys his goods from the leading importers, and, possessing capital to buj* them at the lowest fluctuations of the market and to hold them until called for, he can ¥ell them at as low prices as any one in the same line in the city. Nothing but the purest and choicest articles in teas and cof- fees find their way into this establishment. He has a line large store, 30x85 feet in dimensions, and fitted up with every convenience for the facilitating of btisiness, a marked feature being its neatness an.1 busy appearance. Jlr. I'helan attends personally to the management, jind looks after the interests of his jiatrons with a jealous care. He is a native of this city and a prominent member of the Knights of Columbus and other benevolent organizations. WD. SCOTT & CO , Dealers in Ladies', Misses' and Children's Jackets, Etc., Nos. 10 and ii East Main Street.— This es- tablishment is the recognized leading one of its kind, and receives a liberal patronage from the best classes of the community. A fine assortment of goods is displayed, embracing everything that is new in style in ladles' and misses' cloaks and capes, wraps, etc., and also ladies', misses', and children's jackets and a full and complete assortment of Jersey waists, calico wrappers, and water proof garments. The goods are all of a supei-ior quality and perfect as regards material, fit, style, and workmanship and trimmings. The firm is the first to introduce the new styles and fashions in cloaks as soon as brought out in New York, and can always offer the very best inducements to buyers. The assortment of goods displayed in this establishment is larger than that of any other in the citj-, and neither pains nor expense is spared to make it unapproachable in character or extent. The copartners, IVIr. W. D. and ]\Ir. F. .T. Scott, are reliable, substantial business men, are natives of Seymour, this state, and have been associated and established in business in Water- bury since September, 1889. JH. MILLER & CO., Dealers in Paints, Oils, Glass, Varnishes, Fine .\rtist8' Materials and Bronzes, No. 15 East Main Street. ^ —This store is completely arranged for the facilitation of the extensive business carried on, and is at all times heavily stocked with a full line of paints, oils, glass, varnishes, fine artists' materials and bronzes, a specialty being made of brushes. The firm have occupied this store for some time and have drawn around them a large and appreciative trade, patrons recognizing the advantages that come from a store so fully stocked with the superior line of goods that can be always found on hand at this establish- ment. Mr. J. H. Miller is a native of Connecticut, and enjoys a very high reputation for sound business principles, strictly honorable dealings, and full ability to carry out any size orrler, while his trans- actions will be found satisfactory to those with whom he has dealings NS. SNOW. Dealer in Fresh Fish, Oysters, and Clams, also Pickled, Smoked, and Canned Goods. No. 8ii South Main Street.— Mr. Snow has been connected with the fish busi- ness since childhood, aud in the management of his busi- ness has oidy followed his original profession. The pieujises occu- pied comprise a commodious siore iaxbO feet in dimensions, admir- ably fitted up, and equipped with every convenience and appliance for the prosecution of the business. His stole has at all times a clean, orderly, and attractive appearance, while the stock embraces fresh salmon, bluefish, tiout, smelts, cod, mackerel, halibut, her- ring, haddock, whitefish, lobsters, crabs, clams, and oysters, also pickled, smoked, and canned goods of every va iely. His stock is all carefully selected to meet the requirements of a critical trade, his prices are low, and hence his trade is large. The business of this house is both wliolesale and Letail, and extends all over the city and its vicinity. Jlr. Snow is a native of .Massachusetts and has resided in this city tor tlie past two years. DONAHUE & ADAMSON, Stoves, Etc., No. 70 East Main Street. — A notable addition to the mercantile and industrial re- sources of Waterbury during the past year was the open- ing ofjthej establishment of Messrs. Donahue & Adanison, at No. 70 East Main Street. The firm began operations April 5,1890, and brought to bear such ample experience and complete facilities that they have built up a large, active trade that assures their permanent success. The premises occupied consist of a floor and ba.sement, each 18x75 feet in dimensions. The store lias been newly fitted up in an im- proved manner, and is neatly appointed throughout. The stock car- ried embraces a large assortment of stoves, ranges and furnaces, refrigerators, tinware, copjjer and sheet-iron ware, and house-fur. nishing goods in general. The firm are agents for the celebrated Royal Manhattan and famous Royal Grand Ranges, which are une- qualled by any others in the market. Employing a force of compe- tent woLknien. the firm give special attention to plumbing, gas-fit- ting, tin-roofing, slieet-iron work, saloon fittings, and general job- bing, executing all work promptly, in the most workmanlike style, and at the most reasonable charges. THE PLATT MILL COMPANY, Dealers in Flom-, Grain, Feed, Etc., Benedict Street— A reliable and representative concern in Waterbury extensively engaged in the flour, grain, and feed ; trade is that known as " The Piatt Mill Company," whose offices, etc., are located on Benedict Street. The business was estab- lished by Mr. A. L. Platt many years ago, and passed into the hands of the present company iu 1886. The company's mill, which is S:;x-10 feet in area and three stories high, is situated at Platts- \ille, three miles from Waterbury. The elevator has a capacity of GO.OiX) bushels of grain, and the premises have a frontage of 75 feet on Benedict Street and a depth of 140 feet. The company keeps con- stantly on band a large and choice stock of flour, grain, and feed, and the business is both wholesale and retail, while the prices quoted are always regulated by the market. The owners of this business are Messrs. Alfred L. and Albert S. Platt and O. G. Camp. Mr. O. G. Camp, the secretary and treasurer, was bom in Connecticut, and is now sixty -three years old. He is an honorable and able business man and a prominent Freemason and Knight Templar. The trade of the Platt Mill Company extends throughout all sections of Water- bury and its vicinity, and is steadily increasing, and those dealing with it will obtain advantages very difficult to be secured elsewhere. LAKE & POMEROY, Druggists, No. 15 South Main Street — This business was established in 1873 by Mr. H. W. Lake, who conducted it till IS."^, when Mr. N. A. Pomeroy, who was cler'ic in this store three years, became a partner. The premises oc- cupied comprise a well equipped and elegant store 2.5x75 feet, with an L 10x25 feet, basement 2.5x130 feet in dimensions, and two store- houses. Here the firm keep a full and well selected stock of piu'e. fresh drugs and chemicals, toilet articles, perfumery, patent medi- cines, surgical apphances, trusses, etc.; in fact, everything needed in the sick room can be obtained here of the best possible quality, while popular prices are cliarged for all goods. The prescription department is under the immediate super^dsion of the proprietors, and all prescriptions and recipes are compounded with the greatest care and exactness. Mr. Lake is a native of Bethlehem, Conn., while Jlr. Pomeroy is a native of Suffield, Conn 86 WATERBURY. JG. CUTLER, Harness and Carriag^e Repository. Xo. U Ex- chaupe Place.— This gentleman has had an experience of the most practical kind in this line of trade, extending over many years, and in March, 1)^55, he founded his present house at No. 10 Exchange Place, from which the increasing requirements of his growing trade necessitated a removal in ISTO to the spacious and conimodious premises now utiUzed. These comprise an entire three- story building with basement. 21x75 feet in dimensions, handsomely and appropriately fitted up. and admirably arranged throughout. In the workshop, where fifteen skilled hands are employed, are manu- factured hand made saddles, harness, bridles, collars, trunks, trav- elling bags, satchels, vahses; and in the store a very large sty.4NBURY PORK AND PRODUCE COMPANY, No. 51 Maple- Aveuue.— The proprietor of tliis concern is H. P. FoUey, who, starting in 1886 with small capital, has so far succeeded as to town clock on Main Street. Ix, was established in 1850 by have a large force of men and four teams to handle the large Messrs. D. "il. Benedict & Brother, and by them conducted with trade which his enter-prise has created. Tlie company announces much success until February, 188G, when Messrs. E. Holbrook and itself as wholesale commission dealers in smoked meats, pork, fruit, N. L. Taylor purchased their interest in it. The premises occi»pied and produce, and will fill all orders on small margins for cash or comprise the first floor and basement, each being 34x120 feet in di- approved credit. It solicits corresiiondenoe from iriTestors, who The store is roomy and commodious, is handsomely fur- may rely upon the judgment, integrety, and business sagacity Dished and fitted up, and is provided with everything that can add of the energetic proprietor. Mr. Folley does not confiue his to the attractiveness of the display of fine goods handled, or in any attention wholly to the business in the products mentioned l>efore, way promote the comfort and convenience of patrons. Here is but is ready to buy goods of every description in New York always to be found an extensive and very complete assortment of on order. He is in the metropolis on Tuesdays and Fj idays of everj'thing in the footwear line, from the daintiest lady's kid boot each week, to carry out his patrons' wishes; and he is at all times and neatest fitting gentleman's calf shoe to the most durable brogan ready to make liberal advances on consignments. His New- York an! school shoe. Custom work is also done in the highest style of office is at George Allison & Co.'s, corner of Washington and Reade the art at short notice, hand sewed shoes for tender feet being * Streets. Hides and fat constitute the staples of yet another branch specialty. Every pair sold in this responsible establishment is war. of his business, and this trade headquarters is found at No. 1C Cen- ranted as represented, and all work to order is guaranteed to ren- tre Street. Mr. Folley pays the highest prices, and is at all limes der satisfaction as to fit, finish, and material. The stock, which is ready to deal liberally with all who employ him as a comxiission large and varied, includes ladies', misses', gentlemen's, youths', and merchant or trade in other lines. He has had a large e.xperience in children's hoots and shoes in all sizes, widths, styles, shapes, and de- the business, having been in the same line in Bridgepoit, Conn., and signs, both in fine and medium grades; also a full line of slippers and Pater.son. N. J He went to Belfast and other parts of the old rubbers. The prices charged are always fair and reasonable, and country to learn some improved methods of pork packing, and is a the patronage accoreriences at the Central. The hotel is also near to the theatre, and for the comfort of those to whom the cup that cheers is not a thing to be shunned, it may be mentioned that in the sample room there are " sundries " of excellent quality ready for the delectation of the inner man. Since Ives' Centr.il Hotel has been under Mr. Shepard's care it has been exceptionally prosperous, as it deserves to be. D ANBURY. tu McGR.WV Ov UAl.UWIN, Ciruccis, Nos. 101 and 103 White Street —The handling o£ groceries and provisions is one of the most important branches of business carried on in any city. All corners of the earth are brought under contribu- tion to furnish these productions, and the facilities for their distri- bution to consumers offered by merchants engaged in this trade are uunuidly becoming more extensive and complete. One of the most popular and reliable houses in Daubury engaged in this trade is that of Messrs. McGraw and Baldwin, Nos. 101 and 10:3 White Street, vrbieb was fouudeopular in this community as business men of high reputa- tion and liberal, public-spirited citizens. They have been associated and esrabli>hed in business since 1885. and possessing tact and per- severing industry soon gained the confidence of the community, and .'developed a first-class peimanent tr;ide. An extensive stock of goods is carried, including everything in the way of furniture, car- pets, oil-cloths, draperies of all lands, lace cm-tains, window-shades, and all kinds of furniture coverings, and in fact everything needed in the household. Splendid rich new style parlor and bedroom suites are displayed in various uphnlsterings, and also dining-room and kitchen furniture, and a great variety of lamps, vases, and crockery of all kinds, tables, stands. bm*eaus. chairs, mckers, buffets, ward- robes, spring-beds, etc. The goofls are all of superior make, and sold at the very lowest prices, and fully warranted as represented. JKessrs. Cunningliam & Foran are widely known as undertakers and practical arterial embalmers, and dealers in undertakers" supplies. As undertakers they furnish coffins, caskets, robes, etc., and take full charge and superintend and direct all the arrangements of fu- nerals from the house to the cemetery. They are courteous, and as embalmers and funeral directors rank with the very best in the state; and being professional embalmers themselves, they will guar- antee to preserve a body as long as the friends desire, and have never had a case but what gave perfect satisfaction. They do un- dertaking for all classes of people, both rich and poor. They are considerate and prompt in attending to calls at all hours of the day or night, and leave nothing undone thnt would be satisfactory to be- reaved families and friends. The firm carry an immense stock of undertakers' supplies, and employ a large luimber of men in this business alone, besides lady attendants, and do a large business. HOTEL L'AMOUREUX, G. W. L'Amoureus, Proprietor, Oppo- site N. E. R. R. Station. — This hotel is most centrally located in the business part of the city, and offers to the travelhng public every convenience and advantage in the way of first class accouimodation and unexcelled cuisine, and the best of attend- ance. Recently fitted up and furnished throughout iu the most ap- proved manner, its management is characterized by an unceasing at- tention to wants and comforts of its guests, at rates exceedingly low. Mr. L'Amoureux is well fitted for the conduct of this important business, his experience in catering to the needs of the public being large and varied. He has filled important positions in many lines of business, and has throughout earned an enviable reputation for his fine quahflcations and strictly honorable methods. For four years he was connected with the National Broome County Bank of Bing- hamton, N. Y.; was one of the projectors of the Chenango Valley Savings Bank of the same city; was for several years general mana- ger for the Empire Mutual Life Insurance Company for the southern counties of New York and northern Pennsylvania, He subsequently handled real estate in partnership with General J. C. Robinson, afterwards Lieutenant Governor with General Dix of the Slate of New York: was engaged in the wholesale liquor business in Wil- liamsport, Pa., and was connected with the Bancroft House of East Saginaw, Mich. He also established a gentlemen's club house and resort at Binghamfon, N. Y.; and in 1881 and 1882 was proprietor of the well known Shakspeare Inn at Twelfth Street and Broadway, New York; and in 1885 and 188(3 opened a similar inn at Albany, N. Y. In all these enterprises Mr. L' Amoureux was eminently suc- cessful, and obtained an experience which places him at the head of hotel managers of the country. His present venture is a popular and successful one, and to travellers, whom business or pleasure calls to Danbury. no more comfortable hotel can be recommended than the Hotel L' Amoureux. DAVID W. EHLE. Meats. Etc.. Nos. 3 and G5 West Street.— One of the most prominent among the representative business men iu the meat and provision business iu Danbury we find is Mr. David W. Ehle, who controls a large, widespread trade throughout the state of Connecticut and eastern New York. Mr. Ehle commenced his career in Morris, N. Y., where he was success- ful and prosperous. In 1879 removed to this city, and has since very materially increased his operations. At No, 65 West Street he conducts an extensive business dressing and packing pork, and at No. 3 on the same thoroughfare he occupies spacious, commodious premises, which are admirably fitted up and equipped He supplies a widespread demand with all kinds of fresh meats, also salt and smoked meats, game of every variety when in season, and fruits and vegetables, prime dairy and creamery butter, eggs, poultry, and country produce generally. His operations are very ex- tensive, and steadily growing each succeeding year. He is con- stantly receiving consignments of the very choicest and best of every- thing in the way of produce, and can fill orders from dealers, hotels, restaurants, and families promptly, on the most satisfactory terms. Mr. Ehle is highly esteemed in this commimity for bis sound business principles, enterprise and integrity, and is a well known member of the Masonic Order, the Red 3Ien. the Elks, and Royal Order of Good Fellows, and is President of the Butchers' Association. He has had twenty years' experience in the provision and produce business, and is enjoying a success as well merited as it is deserved. He em- ploys a force of assistants and owns several teams, which are kept expressly for delivering orders. DANBURY. 95 JN. §TUMPF, Grocer, No. 97 Town Hill Avenue— This Eomle- man is a self-umcie lutiu, and is an admirable example of what ^ may be accomplished by indomitable euer^j', perseverance, and unswerving intCKrity. He was born in Lee, Mass., and at the early age of four years his father died, and at twelve he started out in the world and was the main stay and support of his mother. He was studious, and by close application at nights educated himself sufHciently to enter mercantile life; and bos held positions of trust in several of the largest grocery houses in his native State. He is now prosperous, and sustains a )\igh reputation as a business man and citizen. He has just cause to be proud of the success which has re- warded his well directed efforts, and his career is well worthy of .emulation. In 1S8-I he commenced bu^iuess operat'ons in this city at No. 99 Town Hill Avenue, corner of Liberty Street, and built up a fine trade. On account of its rapid growth he was compelled to seek more commodious quarters for its accommodation, and accordingly in 1S89 he built and removed to the very desirable premises— three-stories, 51X.58, art studio top floor -now occupied, and which are fitted up in a neat, t4istefiil manner, and contain every modern facility of utility .and convenience. A large stock of goods is carried, comprising the finest and best new crop China and Japan teas; coffees from Mocha. Jova. and South America; pure spices, sugars, and syrups. canned goods, table luxuries, sauces, contUments, green and dried, foreign and domestic fruits, family flom- of a superior quality, emoked and salted meats and fish, creamery and dairy butter. fresh eggs and country produce. The stock is always fresh and of standard quaUty and superior excellence, and has been judi. ciously selected with care. Popular prices prevail, and competent, courteous clerks are in attendance, and several teams call for and deliver ordei^ in any part of the city. Business is always active and brisk, and the trade continues to grow apace imder the able direction and management of Mr. Stumpf, who is a genial gentleman, upriglit and honorable in all his dealings. • L ELAND & MEDER. Clothiers, No. 276 Main Street —The foun- dation of this enterprise dates from 18S4,when it was estabUshed by the firm at Bristol, where they have a splendid house doing a flourishing business. In 18>i7 they opened their house in this city. Tills has since become a leading one iu its line, and receives a fine patronage from the best classes of the community. The prem- ises are quite commodious, having dimensions of 20x60 feet, and in their fittings and appointments embody all the modern facilities of convenience and utility. A fine exhibit of clothing is made, the assortmeat embracing everything fashionable and seasonable for men. boys, youths, and children, in all styles, grades, and patterns; also a fine line of suits of fashionable cut and superior finish, in for- eign and domestic woolens, fancy cassimeres in small stripes and checks and other popular designs, and from which the most fastidious need find no difficulty in making a suitable selection. The goods are all cut, made, trimmed, and finished in the best manner, and fully guaranteed in every instance as represented. The men's fur- nishing goods department is one of the attractive features of the es- tablishment. It is well stocked with splendid neckwear and fine dress shirts, hosiery, gloves, underwear, and all the novelties that belong to the business. Popular prices prevail, the firm making a special busi- ness of seUing the be.st and most reliable clothing and furnishings at such low figures as to be within reach of all. All the the new styles and fashions, as soon as brought out will be found on sale in this establishment, and business is active and brisk at all times. The members of the firm are Messrs. S. B. Leland and F. G. Meder. The latter has charge of the Bristol store, and is a native of Danbnry. Mr. Leland, who manages the Danbury store, is a native of Vermont. Both gentlemen sustain a high reputation in business circles. GWINDISCH, Tailor, No. .51 While Street.— One of the most important merchant-tailoring and ready-made clotlmig ^ establishments in this city is without doubt that of Mr. George Windisch, who is an experienced practical man to the business, an expert cutter and first-class tailor, and has been es- tablished since 1876, and commenced operations on Main Street, and about two years ago removed to the very desirable premises now occupied, which are neatly and tastefully fitted up, and present a handsome and attractive appearance. Mr. Windisch carries a full and general stock of fine woolens, suitings, trouserings, overcoatings, etc.. of both European and American production, in all the new sea- sonable, desirable, and fashionable styles and cuts, and makes to order gentlemen's wearing apparel, in a style reflecting the highest credit upon liis skill, good taste, and judgment. In the ready- made department a fine display is made of splendid goods, cut and made in accord with the prevailing fashion, and fully warranted in every respect. The goods are in various fabrics, and embrace everything for men, boj's, 5'ouths, and children. The furnishing- goods department is replete with all the novelties that belong to the business, the exhibit of scarfs, ties, and neckwear being unusually attractive. There is also a full assortment of fine dress-shirts and underwear, hosiery, gloves, etc. Mr. Windisch is doing a substan- tial business, numbering among his permanent patrons many of the leading citizens. He is a recognized leader of men's fashions, and is always among the first to introduce the new styles as soon as brought out in New York. WB. BENNETT. Jr., Plumber, No. 49 River Street.— Among the successful business men in a special voca- j tion there is none better known than Mr. William B. Bennett, Jr., plumber, gas and steam fitter, and who also gives special attention to sanitarj' plumbing in all its branches, steam and hot water heating. He has made this part of his business a study, and having had a long experience in it, is thoroughly famil- iar with the laws of sanitary science, and can be consulted at all times with reference to these matters. Mr. Bennett does a large business in tin and sheet iron work of all kinds. He is a native of Texas, and came to this city in 1882, and from that date until 1890 was with the firm of Bennett & Son. The careful manner in which he performs his duties has built up a large and influential trade. He personally superintends every branch of the trade, and employs none but skilled workmen, to whom he gives constant employment. He has for his patrons many of the most extensive property owners in the city, who appreciate first-class work with fair and reasonalile charges. Mr. Bennett is strictly honorable and prompt in all his dealings, and is highly respected and esteemed by all who know him, while he justly merits the success attained bj* his energy and perseverance. A. DUANE. Plumber, No. 10 Keeler Street.— This gentle- man has had manj- years' experience iu this line of busi- ness, and since its inception in 1886 he has built up a large and influential trade. His store has a capacity of 40x00 feet, with a workshop in the rear, and is well stocked with plumbers' supplies and house-furnishing goods of every description. Mr. Du- nne fits up stores, dwellings, and public offices on the most reason- able terms, and attends to tin work of every description, and all kinds of stoves repaired at short notice. He gives constant em- ployment to a number of skilled mechanics, and is doing a large trade, which is drawn from all parts of the city. Mr. Duane is a practical plumber, and gives personal attention to all work en- trusted to his care. In his store can be seen a full and complete as- sortment of stoves, ranges, heaters, and in fact everything pertain- ing to the house-furnishing line, and which are offered for sale at the very lowest possible prices. Mr. Duane is well known to the community, who hold him in high regard for his integrity of char- acter, and afford him a generous support. AG. ISING, Jeweler, No. 17.5 Main Street.— This business was established in 1S74 by the present proprietor, who, in 18K3, , was burned out, and the following year founded his busi- ness at his present address, and ever since has buUt up a substantial patronage. The premises occupied comprise a superior store, which is handsomely fitted up and arranged, and equipped with every convenience for the display of his elegant stock and the comfort of patrons. The stock is very full and complete, and com- prises gold and silver watches of the best American and foreign manufacture; jewelry of the latest designs and patterns, selected with a cultivated, and a view to beauty and utility; diamonds of the purest water and other precious stones, mounted in the most unique and latest styles. These beautiful articles cannot fail to supply every want and satisfy every taste, at the lowest possible prices, and warranted as represented in every particular. Mr. Ising makes a specialty of repairing fine watches, clocks, and jewelry of every description, promptly, neatly, and at very reasonable charges. He is a native of New York City, and has resided in Danbury for many years. He is held iu the highest regard in social and commercial circles tor bis sterling honor and integrity, and justly merits the success that has attended his well directed efforts in this important line of trade. M. 96 DA NBU RY. BEERS & SCHMIDT, Coal, Wood. Etc.. No. 2 Elm Street.— One of the most noted auJ prosperous concerns Identified with the trade in coal and wood is that of Messrs. Beers & Schmidt. This business was inaugurated about twenty years ago. and since its inception it has been managed with marked abil- ity and success, and it is to-day the leading house in this line of business in the city. The office is neatly appointed, and the yard is heavily stocked with anthracite and bituminous coals, and hard and softwoods. The premises are fully equipped with everything that can facilitate the handling of the large quantities of material daily received, and fifteen hands are employed at all seasons. The most favorable receiving and shipping facilities are possessed, and a spec- ialty is made of catering to the family trade. Only the best grades of coal are handled, and tliese are purchased direct from the mines, and carefully screened and freed from slate and dirt before weigh- ing. The trade is the largest in the city, and is steadily and con- stantly increasing. Wood is sawn and cut to any desired size ami length on the premises, and the lowest market rates are invariably charged. The proprietors have an enviable reputation for the liber- ality which characterizes their dealings and the strict integrity of their methods. Mr. David Beers, who is a native of Roxbury, Conn., conducted the business alone for twelve years. In 1890 he admitted into partnership Jlr. Schmidt, who is a native of Germany and who has resided in Danbui-y a dozen years. He. CABLE, Florist. No. 42 Spring Street —Among those en- gaged in the delightful occupation of growing flowers and ^ plants in Danbury is Mr. H. C. Cable, who was born at Paw- lings, Dutchess County. N. Y., April fi. 1826. He is widely and popularly known in this city, where be has resided for more than thirty-three years, and where lie was formerly engaged as a hat maker. About twenty years ago he began the cultivation and growth of flowers and plants in a small way and was very successful, his busi- ness increasing steadily to its present extensive proportions. The premises now occupied are three-quarters of an acre in extent and contain several well equipped greenhouses covered with 1800 square feet of glass. Mr. Cable grows all kinds of popular flow- ers and plants, shrubs, etc.. supplies the trade, and also furnishes cut flowers for weddings, parties, emblems for funerals, etc., and can fill orders and special commissions at the very shortest notice. As a floriculturist he has a wide reputation, his establish- ment is one of the largest and most important in the State, and busi- ness is active and brisk. Mr. Cable is ably assisted in the conduci of his business operations by his son, Mr. E. O. Cable, a young, en- terprising man, experienced and practical, and quite popular in this community. D STARR, Manufacturer of Sash, Doors, Etc , No. S4 Elm Street— The oldest established and one of the most relia- j ble houses in Danbury actively engaged in the manu- facture of sash, doors and blinds, is that of Mr. D. Starr, whose factory is located at No. 54 Elm Street, This business was established over sixty years ago by R. Starr, who conducted it till IM-i, when he died and was succeeded by George Starr. He carried on the businesss up, to 18T4, when Mr. D Starr became the proprie- tor. The factory is a spacious two story building, 75x300 feet in dimensions, fully equipped with the latest improved wood working machinery, tools and appliances. Here twenty skilled workmen are employed, and the machinery is driven by a powerful steam engine. Mr. Starr manufactures sash, doors and blinds, interior house trim- mings, mouldings, and builders' supplies. His products are unri- valled for quality of materials, finish and excellence, and have no superiors in the city or state. Mr. Starr can always quote satisfac- tory prices for all descriptions of work, and has furnished materials for many of the finest buildings lately erected in Danbury and its vicinity. He is a native of Danbury, where he is highly esteemed in business circles for his skill, energy, and integrity, and justly merits the liberal and permanent patronage secured in this useful industry. CM. PURDY, Grocer, No. 28 Highland Avenue —This business was established by the present proprietor in 1883. and since J its mception at that date he has built up a large and influ- ential patronage. The premises (-ccupied are spacious and commodious, well arranged, and equipped with every convenience for the comfort of patrons and the prosecution of the business. The store contains a large and extensive assortment of fiife staple and fancy groceries and provisions, including choice teas and coffees, sugars, butter, cheese, eggs, pure spices, condiments, hermetically sealed goods, finest brands of flour, soaps, biscuits of every descrip- tion, and, in fact, everything belonging to this class of goods. Mr. Purd.v likewise deals largely in fine choice beef, lamb, mutton, and veal, which are received fresh daily, and sold at very low prices. Mr. Purdy a native of New York, is a prominent member of the Butchers' Association, and formed one of the committee on streets and police board of this city. Nor\valk ^od Southi Nor walk:. J^^^^^T is said that tlie vast tide of emigration which yearly flows to the great West would be consider- ■': V)J I K^A'-; ably lessened if the advantages of many places nearer home were better known. Facilities for AvMlPYr transportation, low rents, cheap food, good educational and religious and social opportunities, give i^ ^3^JLx4 ^ chances which enterprising men know how to utilize. One of the places which offers such ~ advantages in uncommonly generous measures is the city of South Norwalk and the borough and town of Norwalk. Norwalk has enjoj'ed uninterrupted prosperity during the twenty odd years and more that she has had a corporate existence ; nay, one might say that such has been the case since her earliest settlement. Workingmen 'are kept busy the year round. Stores always enjoy lively trade. Manufacturers always have orders enough to keep their shops humming with the ceaseless movement of industry. Norwalk, in fact, is one of the most thriving cities of its size in the commonwealth of Connecticut, and manifests a greater degree of enterprise in this direction than many more favorably conditioned communities. EARLY HISTORY. The first authentic settlement of Norwalk was in the year 1651, although it is probable that there were some scattering inhabitants here the year before, and perhaps some in 1640, after Mr. Roger Ludlow of Fair- field purcha,sed the eastern part of the place from the Norvvalk Indians on the 26th of February of that year, as worded in the deed, " from the sea a day's walk into the country." In April Captain Patrick purchased two islands and the meadows and uplands on the west side of the Norwalk River, " as far up in the country as an Indian can go in a day from sun-rising to sun-setting." In June, 1650, Nathan Ely, Richard Olmsted, and others secured permission from the Connecticut Colony to commence a plantation at Norwalk, and obtained a deed of the territory from the Indians, February 15, 1651 ; and in September, 1651, the General Court organ- ized it into a town. Thomas Ilanford was the first minister at this place. The name of the town was derived from the Norwalk River, although there is a common tradition that it was taken from the day's " North Walk," which fi.ved the northern boundary in the Indian deeds. The surnames of Benedict, Raymond, Fitch, Lock- wood, Butts, and some others of the first settlers are quite common in the city and town at the present day. Norwalk was made a borough in 1836, and the village of Old Well, named from an ancient well where vessels were snp[)lied with water, was incorporated as a city in 1868, and named South Norwalk two years afterwards. In 1680, when there were but twenty -six towns in the colony, the little commerce of this county was managed at Fairfield, where ships of about three hundred tons burthen would come into the harbor of Black Rock. The principal centre for the trade of the county for a long peiiod prior to the rise of Bridgeport was at Nor- walk, friim which place regular lines of passenger and freight sloops sailed to New York. The first incorpo- rated steamboat company in the county was formed at Norwalk in 1824. The City of South Xorwalk and the Borout/h and Town of Norwalk — Their Topography, Manufactures, etc. — The city, situated on the west side of Norwalk Harbor, is one of the most important stations on the line of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroa^ daily.' A line of freiglit propellers run regularly to and from New York, and large and commodious passenger steamers make daily trips all the year round, carrying passengers at the low faro of thirty-five cents, a distance of forty-five miles, or the trip to New York and return, ninety miles, for fifty cents. The .sail is delightful, and connections are made with the New York and New Haven and Danbury trains. Vessels drawing twelve feet of water discharge tlieir cargoes at the wharves. The city is growing rapidly, hav- ing about doubled its population in the last two decades. It has some fine blocks of buildings and church edifices, and a handsome opera house. The school facilities are excellent. The religious interests are repre- sented by some half-dozen or more churches of various denominations. The water-works are among the most complete in New England. The borough of Norwalk is situated in the centre of the town, on the river, nearly one and a half miles north of the city. It contains about 9000 inhabitants, and has five banks, seven churches, and several manufacturing establishments. There are two academies in the borough and four newspaper offices. The town of Norwalk contains about twenty square miles of territory, and has a population of some 16,000. There are five national, two savings banks, and ten churches. ********* In the series of descriptive articles that follow, a fair criterion of Norwalk's present commercial status may \>e readily deduced. In tlieir preparation we have endeavored to make concise and accurate reference to the many well-established, important, and deserving mercantile, manufacturing, and commercial houses in the city, feeling that so much of recognition is due to those whose industry, energy, and capital are enlisted in building up the city's material interests, and developing apd maintaining her commercial supremacy. With the utmost confidence we commend every business house named in these pages to the good-will and patronage of the entire country. Liberal, enterprising, of sterling personal and business character, this is the class of men upon whom the future growth of Norwalk and her influence upon the welfare of the country and the continent depend. BRY.\NT, BESSE & CO., Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Cloth- first business venture, despite strong and vigorous competition, and ing and Furnishing Goods, No. 29 Main Street, Norwalk.— inniunerable predictions of disaster and failure, proved wonderfully Prominent and active representatives of the clothing trade and unusuallj- successful. With the push, foresight, courage, and in this city are Messrs. Brj-ant, Besse & Co., who rank with determination that characterize all his acts, and confident that the the most liberal and upright, and they are fast making a rep- same success will follow (as it always does) all his ventures, he con- utation which will make their name familiar to every household. tinues to make valuable additions to the New England Combination, Backed by ample capital, members of the famous New England and says the Ust is not yet complete. He spends all his time look- Clothing Combinatitores, and and now under the personal supervision of Mr. L. W. Besse at the always considers they are entitled to the best goods to be found, at following named places: Foster, Besse & Co., Bridgeport, Conn., the lowest possible price. He is thirty-five years old, and has risen opened March 10, 1877; A. L. Foster & Co., Hartford, Conn., opened by diligence, honesty, and hard work to one of the best known cloth- Mar. I.";, 1SS4: J. J. Foster & Co., Pittsfleld, Mass., opened Sept. 19, ing merchants in the United States. G. C. Bryant was clerk in the 1885; Besse, Besse & Co., New Haven, Conn., opened April 10, IS87; Combination store at Bridgeport, Conn., where his ability was recog- Besse, Carpenter & Co., Springfield, Mass., opened Oct. 27, 1888; nized, and he was placed as partner in the Noi-walk store. Mr. W. Besse, Bryant & Co., Worcester, Mass., opened Sept. 28, 1889; Besse, H. Parmalee was employed in the Norwalk store some three or four Mills X Co., Holyoke. Mass., opened .\pril 2, 1890, all of ^^ich have j-ears, where his ability was i-ecognized, and he was placed as part- been wonderfully successful, and are doing a prosperous and grow- ner and manager of that store. All of Mr. Besse's partners have at ing business, surpassing their most sanguine anticipations, and some time and place been in his employ, and the best of harmony showing the results of pluck and endurance. The confidence, ap- and good feeling are pleasant features in their associations together. proval, and patronage of the i>eople have been gained by their hon- The clerks in their employ are without any exception the most loyal est, square, upright methods, and by distributing reliable goods at set of men to their employers' interest that can be foimd anywhere, unequalled low prices. Their facilities for buying are unequalled. Notwithstanding their long hours and arduous duties, they greet as without doubt they are interested in more stores than any one cor- every customer in the same pleasant manner, and it is an acknowl- poration in existence. The buyers are J. R. Foster and L. W, Besse. edged fact that the Combination stores in every cit3* have the pleas- Mr. J. R. Foster, of Clinton, Mass., has followed this line for over antest, most accommodating, and most obliging set of salesmen to be thirty years, and his honesty, ability, and judgment are well known found in America. The Norwalk house commenced operations here and acknowledged by all, and with him everything was a success. in April, 1883, and, having secured the large store on Main Street, Mr. L. W. Besse, of Springfield, Mass., worked for the New England fitted up, arranged, and decorated to their own taste, on the first of Clothing Combination some four years, when he became Interested the month named they opened their doors, and invited the public in the store of Foster, Besse 4 Co., of Brideport, Conn. This, his to inspect one of the finest and most comprehensive stocks ever 100 NORWALK AND SOUTH NORWALK. shown in this market, comprising full lines of men's, youths', boys', and children's Boston maile clothing of superior materials, stylish cut, and unexceptionable workmanship, together with an endless variety of furnishing goods for all ages— shirts, collars, cuffs, under- wear, neckwear, hosiery, fancy goods, hats, caps, trunks, valises, and travelling bags, umbrellas, in short, everything appropriate to the marlset and the season. Stocks have been kept up, and sales have fully justified the expectations of the projectors. In the future the masculine gender, big and little, will find here unlmiited supplies of all commodities required for personal comfort and adornment, except footwear, all of the best grades at prices such as no legiti- mate house can undersell. A specialty is made of garments and furnishing goods for boys and children, and parents and guardians cannot aflford to ignore the inducements offered. The store is iJ0x90 feet, and they also occupy the basement. The main store is devoted to the sale of clothing, furnishings, and fancy goods. The light is abun- dant ti-6m windows, doors, and electric globes, while immense mir- rors are placed at convenient points that customers may try the lit and effect of their purchases. The floor is raised at the rear some twelve inches for the convenience of buyers in the children's depart- ment. The basement is devoted to the trunk, valise, and horse clothing department, and here every taste and purse may be grati- fied from stocks which embrace every grade of the goods named, the best, as usual, being in reality the cheapest. The New England Clothing Combination of twenty-seven stores is a tower of strength, and those that seek honest representations, reliable goods, satisfac- tory treatment, and advantageously low prices, will study their own interest by paying a visit to Bryant, Besse & Co., the reliable whole- sale and retail clothiers, hatters, and men's furnishers. No. 29 Main Street, Norwalk. COMSTOCK BROTHERS, CUnhlng, Gents' Furnishing Goods, Etc., Masonic Building.Norwalk.— This extensive business was established in IS65 by Messrs. Win. T. and Stephen Corastock, who conducted it till 1878, when Mr. W. T. Comstock died, after a successful and honorable career. Mr. Hy. B. Rogers was then ad- mitted into partnership, the business being still conducted under the old firm name of " Comstock Brothers." Their stores are spa- cious, elegantly equipped and furnished, and are the finest of the kind in Norwalk, and quite equal to first class houses iu Boston or New York. Messrs. Comstock Brothers employ iu their stores forty persons, and patrons are always assured of getting first class value for their money and satisfactory treatment. The stock is extensive and well selected, and includes all grades of clothing for men, youths, and boys, gentlemen's furnishing goods, hats, caps, trunks,' and travelling bags. Every garment sold by this responsible firm is warranted as represented, and is noted for its fit. style, finish, and quality of materials, while the prices quoted defy competition. The partners are honorable and enterprising business men, with whom it is always a pleasure to deal, and their success is only the just re- ward of their energy and industry. NOR-n'ALK FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, No. 45 Wall Street, Norwalk.— The fire insurance business of Norwalk is one of its most important interests, and in its detail and successful management is invested a large capital, affording protection to i)roperty that could not possibly be secured by any other means. In this connection we desire to make special reference in this commer- cial review to the old established and reliable Norwalk Fire Insur- ance Company, whose office is located at No. 4.5 Wall Street. This company was duly incorporated in 1860 under the laws of Connec- ticut, and its capital and surplus now amount to $98,743. In spite of severe competition the Norwalk Fire Insurance Company occupies a prominent position, and many of our leading merchants and man- ufacturing concerns place at least some portion of their insurance with this ably managed and conservative company. It makes a specialty of promptly adjusting and paying all losses, and insures dwellings, stores, factories, merchandise, and furniture at the low- est possible rates. The following gentlemen, who are widely known in business circles for their integrity, prudence, and ability, are the officers and directors, viz.: Wm. C. Street, president: George B. St. John, treasurer: George R. Cowles, secretary. Directors: Wm. B. Lockwood, Wm. C. Street. Geo. B. St. John. Geo. R. Cowles, Asa Smith, Dudley P. Ely, F. St. John Lockwood, Geo. E. Miller, Jno. A. Osborne and E. L. Boyer. This company has $1 in assets for every ^18 at risk, which is a larger proportion of cash in hand in reference to liabilities than any other insurance corporation doing business iu- the State. The principal agencies of the company are located in Danbury, Stamford, New Haven, Norwich, Willimantic, Hartford, Middletown, etc. Mr. Street, the president, has held office since the organization of the company, and is one of Norwalk's infiuential and public spirited citizens. Mr. G. B. St. John, the treasurer, and 3tr. Geo. R. Cowles, the secretary, are able officers, with every qual- ification for their responsible positions. SYLVESTER SELLECK, Plumbing, Etc., No. 197 Washington Street, S. Norwalk. — One of the most reliable houses in the state engaged in this branch of industry is that conducted by Mr. Sylvester Selleck, at No. 197 Washington Street. Mr. Selleck is a native of New Y'ork State, and is one of the oldest ex- ponents of the plumbing art, being now in his forty-fourth year. He makes a leading specialty of tin roofing, and has performed work in that line as far as New York Cit.v. He has been established here since 1886, and has built up a reputation of tiiemost flattering character. The premises occupied by him comprise a two-story building, 40x100 feet in dimensions, excellently and conveniently equipped through- out. The salesroom contains a large, well arranged stock of stoves, tin, sheet iron, and copper ware, pumps, lead pipe, sheet lead, etc. Employment is given a number of skilled mechanics, and particular attention is given to the execution of plumbing, steam and gas fit- ting, tin roofing, spouting, and general jobbing, satisfactory service and reasonable prices being guaranteed in every instance. Mr. Sel- leck is prepared to furnish estimates at the shortest notice, and all contracts undertaken by him are carried through to completion to the satisfaction of all concerned. DA"V1D STOW, Furniture, No. 'JS South Main Street, S. Norwalk. —In no line of manufacture has more marked advance been made in modern times than in that of furniture, and the elegant productions of to-day in this line are in marked con- trast with the stiff-backed and ungainly furniture of our grand- fathers' time. A visit to the establishment of Mr. David Stow, No. 28 South Main Street, who is the leading furniture dealer in South Norwalk, will give the reader a full opportunity to examine the best goods IJie market affords in the latest designs in parlor, bedroom, sitting room, dining room, ball, library, and kitchen furniture. The display is first-class in every particular and could not be surpassed. The business of this house was originally founded in Bridgeport, Conn., in 1865, by Messrs. Buckingham & Co., Mr. Stow being a part- ner in the enterprise. In 1878 Mr. Stow purchased Mr. Buckingham's interest and removed to this city, taking possession of the premises at his present address, and which are known as the Iron Clad Building. Since coming here his business has increased so that he has gradu- ally augmented his accommodations, and he now also has the second and upper floors of the three adjoining buildings. A large retail trade is supplied, and the house has permanent customers in all parts of the State. Mr. Stow is a native of Milford, Conn., is now past the middle age of life, and wherever known he is respected, for his integrity and honor. WS. KNAPP, Architect, S. Norwalk.— No one has striven with greater zeal the past decade or so in that branch of J industry in which they labor than Mr. 'Win. S. Knapp, and he has been duly rewarded, for to-day he occupies a leading position in the architectural profession in New England, and has acquired an enviable reputation for the reliable manner in which he has executed all duties he has been called upon to carry out. Mr. Knapp is a native of Norwalk. and one of its oldest and best known residents. Before establishing himself in his present line in 1882. he was for ten years engaged in the building industry. As an architect and civil engineer he has won marked success, and his ser- vices are sought for from outside this State as well as within it. He makes a specialty of designing and draughting plans for public buildings, and has performed much notable work in this line. Plans and estimates for residential or other building work are promptly furnished, and satisfactory services are assured in every instance. During the war Mr. Knapp served as second lieutenant and first lieu- tenant with the 17th Connecticut 'Volunteer Infantr.\', enlisting as private, being promoted iu ]S6'i as second lieutenant, and again re- ceiving promotion in 1863. He is a trial justice in this city, is well known for his integrity and general uprightness of character, and he commands the respect of the entire community. NORWAl.K AND SOUTH ORWALK. 101 THE VOUC HAT COMPANY, Conu-i- Uayiuotul ami Day Slrt^els, S, Norwttlk. — The name of Volk has long beeu prominently anil honorably iilentified with the production of the finest grades of stitT hats in South Norwalk. lu KST5 Messrs. Francis A. Volk & liro. estalilislied tlieniselves in the industry here, and soon built up a nourishing business. In 1S81 occurred the lamented demise of Mr. Francis A. Volk. Then the surviving partner. Mr. Joseph A. Volk, and Christian Swartz formed a partnei-ship under thestyloof Jos. A. Volk & Co., until 1883, when the present Volk Hat ■Company was organized, with Christian Swartz president: Jo.seph A. Volk, secretary and treasm-er; Henry I. Smith, superintendent. '^.IflCM, "V, -^ 4j-^— Tlieir manufacturing plant covers a lot 300 feet square, and includes tliree frame buildings, three stories high and 40x80 feet in dimen- sions, together with a brick structure four stories high and 30x80 feet. There are also two vacant lots adjoining, measuring 65x150 feet, on which larger premises T\ill be erected in the not far distant future to accommodate the mcreasmg trade The factory li. divided into four diflffunt depaitments, each presided o\er bj an e\peii- enced foreman, and every modern facility and appliance is at hand for insuring rapid and perfect production, and the prompt and satisfactory fulfilment of all orders. The output consists of fine wine stiff hats, suited to the demands of the trade in all sections of the country. The materials entering into the manufacture are selected by experienced judges, from the best producing sources, and are tlie choicest that money can purchase. They are formed and fashioned by expert hands, and the finished article is recognized as a true type of the possibilities of artistic production in this line. The elaborate finish, perfection of style and beauty of design of the Volk hats have become widely and justly celebrated. Merit tells, and the management of this house is inspired with the deter- mination to excel in quality and to give the best value. The trade should therefore inspect these goods and secure quotations before concluding contracts elsewhere. Upwards of one hundred and fifty skille feet in height. It might be said that all are invitingly and conveniently appointed, and present a series of specimens of elegant church architecture of which any city in the Union might feel proud. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, STREETS, PARKS, ETC. The city is by no means deficient in fine blocks of buildings and public edifices. Some of these that attract attention are the Bridgeport and People's Savings Banks buildings, the City National Bank, the Court House, built of freestone at a cost of $75,000, Wheeler's Block, which contains the Public Library, the Standard Association Building, and two opera houses, one of which is an exceedingly fine structure. The streets and avenues are kept in cleanly condition; arc well curbed and thoroughly lighted with gas and electric light plant ; the walks are mostly of stone and concrete, and the system of drainage is effected by over twenty miles of sewer pipes. A well equipped horse railroad and its branches accommodate the people from the centre to the suburbs of East Bridgeport and Fairfield, and to the suburbs and the parks. Mountain Grove Cemetery,, on the extreme western limits of the city, covers about eighty acres; it is laid out with most exquisite taste, and is adorned with massive and costly monuments. This city cannot be surpassed for its favorite drives and popular pleasure grounds. Seaside Park is a mcyt charming place for recreation and pleasure. Here, in this most appropriate spot, has been erected an imposing and co.stly monument, adorned with marble statues and bronze medallions, to the memory of the soldic.-s and sailors who fell in the late war. Washington Park in East Bridgeport, containing a fine grove of o\V. trees, is also an attractive place, and the Beardsley and Pembroke parks likewise now rank among the pc^ mlar "breathing places" of the city. 108 BRIDGEPORT. BANKING INSTITUTIONS. Bridgeport's banking business is perhaps the strongest support of the mercantile and manufacturing interests of this city ; and working in alliance with these interests in all their legitimate phases, each appreciably influences and partakes of the tones and methods of the other. Hence the banks of the city, like her business enterprises, are noted for their sound, energetic, yet conservative management, command the entire confidence of business men and capitalists, and hold high rank among the financial institutions of the country. BENEVOLENT ORDERS, SOCIETIES, ETC. A populous and progressive city, and a centre of political, industrial, and commercial activity, Bridgeport contains, in the very nature of things, a great number of societies, organizations, etc., devoted to a variety of purposes, — benevolent, social, political, temperance, niligious, scientific, etc., — the most prominent being the Masonic Fraternity, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Labor, Ancient Order of United Workmen, American Legion of Honor, Catholic Benevolent Legion, Knights of Pythias, Order of Red Men, besides medi- cal, dental, pharmaceutical, and several other professional, technical, and literary associations. THE BOARD OF TRADE. The advantages of united effort are so many and so great that they are recognized by all. The application of the axiom that " in union there is strength" to business affairs, is made in every commercial city by the establishing of boards of trade, merchants' exchanges, chambers of commerce, and other organizations of a similar character. The present Bridgeport Board of Trade was, as already intimated, organized in 1875. Throughout its sixteen years of history this organization has contributed in a material way to the promotion of the interests of trade in Bridgeport. The officers and standing committee of the Board for the year 1890 were as follows: president, David M. Read; vice-presidents, George Mallory, Nathaniel Wheeler; directors, Henry Atwater, Henry R. Parrott, Wilbur A. Smith, F. Armstrong, Martin Lascomb, H. O. Canfield ; treas- urer, Louis A. Van Keuren ; secretary, Rowland B. Lacey ; executive committee, James Staples, Zalmon Good- sell, Frank J. Hughes, Charles R. Boothwall, F. A. Mason, W. B. Bostwick ; committee of arbitration, D. F. HoUister, S. A. Burns, D. T. Crockett, Thomas Coulter, Benjamin Fletcher, Jr. THE WATER SUPPLY. The importance to a city of an amply effective water supply cannot be overestimated. In this important particular Bridgeport enjoys advantages equalled by few cities and excelled by none ; all the aids of modern ingenuity being employed to secure a sufficiency of pure water for all the needs of the people. THE PRESS. The press of Bridgeport is fully up to the highest grade of modern newspaper enterprise, and in all the departments of ne s^s gathering, of criticisms and thoughtful discussion, the papers of the city are true repre- sentatives of its progress and advancement. They have exerted a powerful influence in promoting the material prosperity of the city, and in producing the results of energy and industry which have culminated in the Bridgeport of to-day. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The citizens of Bridgeport may certainly be congratulated on the efficiency of their arrangements for pro- tection against fire. The officers and members of this department perform the work assigned to them in an entirely satisfactory manner, and for efficienc}-, its number being considered, we believe Bridgeport's fire depart- ment will compare favorably with any in New England. The equipment of men and apparatus is as follows : one chief engineer, three assistant engineers, four steamer engineers, four assistant steamer engineers, ten steamer, hose, and hook-and-ladder drivers, one tillerraan, fifty-two hose and hook-and-ladder men, this body manning one first-class, two second-class, and one third-class steamer, one first-class hook-and-ladder truck, and one hose carriage. VALUATION OF PROPERTY. The financial condition of the city is a good one, and its credit is first-class. The recapitulation of the valuation of property of the city of Bridgeport for the fiscal jjfear ended March, 1890, being as follows: Street Department, 822,800 ; Fire Department, $152,292.60 ; dra-t bridges, $208,500 ; parks, $410,000 ; sundries, §.S.925 ; land and buildings, $150,000 ; Department of Public Charities $90,202.69 — total, $1,037,720.29. BRIDGEPORT. 109 The net public debt, according to estimate furnished by Mayor Robert E. De Forest, was $1,683,000; tlie aggregate value of real and personal property, $11,000,000; the tax on each |100 of assessed valuation, $2.50; and the decrease of debt during the past year, $44,359.41. ADVANTAGES OF THE CITY AS A MANUFACTURING SEAT, ETC. The mushroom towns of the West attract residents by the rapidity of their expansion ; but there are towns in the East that, while making haste slowly, have in their development brought infinitely greater prosperity to their citizens, a more general and substantial accretion of wealth, and more of the social incidents which go ta Wm^^w'"' make life best worth living. Conspicuous among the latter towns ranks Bridgeport. In all competitions with fresh competitors Bridgeport stand.s in the relation tliat a well-constructed, well-organized, well-eq\jipped manu- factory, with ample capital and great facilities, surrounded by a population of skilled workmen, docs to one less favorably located, witii inferior facilities, freshly established, wanting in experience, and deficient in mechanical knowledge and skill to draft from. With Bridgeport it is not the ability in any competitions that may arise to maintain her past superiority, it is simply the will so to do. The power she has, and competition, will only bring out the will to maintain her own, under wliich competition will benefit rather than impair. In Bridgeport 110 BRIDGEPORT. locations for building, combining the requisites of space, water, and transportation facilities, are to be had in every direction, at very reasonable prices and on accommodating terms. In intimate connection with the advan- tages belonging to Bridgeport is the salubrity of location. The tables of mortality treating upon this are con- clusive of the superiority on this point of this community ; and without doubt the great health possessed by this manufacturing population weighs heavily in the summing up of the advantages of this location as a manu- facturing point. Not only to the workman is the health of his family and himself of importance, but to the manufacturer as well. The loss of income by three or four weeks' sickness by a workman, or by the increased demands upon his earnings from frequent illness in his family, is seriously felt in the consequent deprivation of -comforts which the money lost from lost time, and necessarily expended in drugs and doctors' bills, would purcliase. The lessening of such misfortunes is an object in the selection of his place of toil. To the manufact- urer, whose profits often depend upon the skilled and unbroken labor of a set of hands, the loss from the forced substitution of green hands for competent ones, or the ragged running of his machinery from the forced deple- tion of his working force by illness, is also, especially if occurring when his order-books are full, a great injury, not only to his profits, but to the smooth working of his business. To the employer, therefore, as well as the employee, is the healthfulness of location a subject for careful consideration ; and there are few points, as statistics show, possessed of all or any of the requisites for supporting a manufacturing community wliich can "Compare with Bridgeport in point of salubrity. BRIDGEPORT AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE. So much of our space has been devoted to statistical information of the mamifacturing and business inter- «sts of the city, it may possibly be inferred by many who are strangers to the place that Bridgeport, like many ■manufacturing centres of New England, is not desirable as a place of residence. But such is far from the fact, if beauty of situation, benefits of unexcelled business opportunity, all that is wise in conservatism, united with all that is grand and noble in this progressive age; if surroundings elevating in influence, institutions helpful in an honorable struggle with the vicissitudes of practical life; if health, wealth, and happiness are attractions in i'liial TinninK. Pliniil.iiif; nii.l (iii^-lltling, No. 97 Middle Strei't.— Tlie plumbing' and gas tiitiiiK trade has n» more popular and able representative in the city of lirldpe- jKirt than Mr. John Keariis, whose well known establishment is situated at No 07 Middle Street. This gentleman was born in the state of New York, and has for over twenty yeniN been a resident of this city. He established his present business in 1H85, and from tin- first, thronffh his i?idnstry and the general excellence of his wor-k. se- cured a large and desii-able patronage. His pi-emises compri.se a large and commodions shop and basement, each being 22x64 feet in dimensions, with workshop in the rear. The latter is equipped in a most completv ni;iiiniM- with all the l:ilf«t appliances and devices known to the trade, and which can facilitate the active prosecution of the important indiistr>- carried on. Tinning, plumbin^r. steam an:-airfurnace work, and in thoroucrhness of execution and reliability the work of no other establishment can compete with that of Mr. Keams. Twelve skilled assistants are employed, and estimates are furnished and conti-acts entered into and executed with care and despatch. In the store is always to be found a full and complete as sortment, also, of plumbers' and gas-fitters' appliances, includinggr.s- fixtures, patent hydrants, lift and force piimps,.wash basins, bath tubs, water closets, iron sinks, sheet lead, galvanized iron pipe, street washers, copper and ii-on boilers. Mr. Kearns is agent for the cele- brated Standard Air Pressure pumps, vents, etc.. for lager, ale, and porter; also for rubber hose of the best quality, of which heanrriesa ■large stock. Tlie trade is a large and thriving one, and the wants of all classes of patrons are ministered ti^ with great success. Mr. Hearns is a memlH'r of the Knights of C't>lumbus, also of the Order of Foresters, ami ii at present a member of the Board of Aldermen, as representative of the Third Ward of this cit.r. Z.VI.MON GOODSELL, Jobber and Dealer in Manufacturers' Sup- plies, Nos. 454 and 450 Water Street. Mr. Zaimon Goodsell occupit^ in Bridgeport a position as prominent as it is unique. With (hat adaptability so pectdlar and characteristic of the shrewd Connecticut dealer he successfully unites under his own supervision several lines of business which in some respects might seem wholl.v dissimilar or disconnected. He holds the leadinj' fire insurance agenc.r. is a large real estate owner and dealer, ha^ building lots ,nUva.vs for sale, iind is a jobl>er and dealer in nianu- faciurers' supplies, docs plumbing, steam fitting, gas fitting, and tin- ning, and is tlie sole agent for the Monitor oil stove. All these in- terests, which at first seem disconnected, are very intimately asso- ciated, and Mr. Ijoodsell doubtless fully realizes the value of the i-om- binaiion. The agencies foi' fire insurance are for such leading com- panies as the Milwaukee, Mechanics', American, Central, Buffalo, tierman. New Hampshire, North American, Spring Garden. Com- mercial, Michigan, and Union, every one of which has proved more than equal to all calls made upon it. Mr. Goodsell's experience as a real estate owner and agent necessarily brings with it a keen knowledge of the fittings of a house. In this way the business of plumbing, gas fitting, steam fitting, etc., is in the liands of a man of thorough experience, botli as to the practical woik of plumbing and the matter of cost, estimates of which can always be had and thor- oughly depended upon. His establishment at Nos. 4.54 and 4,% Water Street, which includes the basement and first and second Hoor. ;Bx90 feet each of the three story brick building, is well stocked with all (hat goes to make up the trade material of the business to which he has devoted his energies. Every branch is made a specialty of by Mr. Goodsell, and there is no part of the work which is not in the hands of experienced and skilful workmen, of w horn there are fif- teen employed. Mr. Goodsell is a member of the Board of Public Works and one of the executive members of the Board of Trade, and Is prominent in the ranks of Freemasons. He is a native of Connec- ticut and is in the prime of life and business activity, as is evinced by the many interests under his care and the pronounced success they have attained by his energy. He has been established in business in Bridgeport s».,ce 1865. A A. BETTS & SON, Grocers, No, -HM Main Street.-The busi- ness of this concern was originally founded in 18&4 by the , Orton Bros., and was conducted by them up to 1888, when Mr. W. R. Palmer' succeeded to the control, the enterprise being continued by him until the fir.st part of 1690, when the present owners assumed the proprietorship. The copartners, Mr. A. A. Betts and his son, .Mr. Farrou S. Betts. are both natives of Connecti- cut and favorably known here in both the social anil business walks of life. The premises occupied for the business comprise a spacious store, the dimensions being 30x100 feet. The salesroom is hand- somely appointed in the most approved modern style, being provided with electric lights, ice-chests, tasteful fixtures, and all requisite con- veniences. The heavy stock carried consists of a select assortment of foreign and domestic groceries of all kinds, all of the best grades obtainable in the market. A staff of obliging clerks is employed, also a delivery team, and customers have their wants supplied with- out delay. COLE airing of fine jewelry, nmsic boxes, valjiable wares, etc., promptly, in the best style of workmanship, and all work done here is warranted to be satis- factorj'. Mr. and Mrs. Reid are genial, courteous, and popular in their social and business relations with the public, prompt, honorable and reliable in their dealings, and enjoy the fullest^onfidence of their patrons. Mr. Reid is also a popular and prominent member of the Odd Fellows" Order. R, prices in all cases are as low as the lowest. In undertaking they carefully attend to the derails of funerals, supplying caskets, coffins. etc.. and generally superiutend affairs to the entire satisfaction of bereavetl friends and relations. They make a specialty likewise of purifying feathers hy the rotary hot-air blast. This system entirely destroys all insect life, and cleanses the feathers from all impurities. Beds and pillows received in the morning can be re-delivered the same day ready for use. while new ticks can be furnished if desired at a small advance from cost. The firm likewise take orders for monuments and tombstones. Messrs. W. H. and E. Ortlepp are highly regarded by the community for their enterprise and integrity, and justly merit the abundant success secured by their industi-y and energy. JOHN REID & CO., Dealers in Diamonds, Watches, Jewelry, Silverware, Spectacles, Etc., No. 340 Main Street.— A well known, prosperous, and thoroughly representative house en- gaged in this line of business in Bridgeport, that has always maintained a very enviable reputation for handling only AI goods and for reliable, straightforward dealings, is that of Messrs. John Reid & Co., successor to John H. Reid ,3^ Co. This popular house was founded originally in 1»<3 by Messrs. John and John H. Reid, and conducted by them with excellent success until February 1, 1800, when the latter gentleman retired and was succeeded by Jlrs. Ann Reid, and the present firm title was assumed. 5Ir. and Mrs. Reid were bom in England respectively in IS29 and IS.TO and caitie to the United States in IS.5S and settled in this city a number of years after- wards. Mr. Reid is a practical and thoroughly experienced man in all branches of this business, and under his enterprising manage- ment the patronage is constantly increasing in volume and influ- ence, derived principally from among our most refined and intelligent people. The store is located in a fine and substantial four;Story brick structure KxlOO feet in dimensions, and is verj' handsomely fitted up with every convenience for the accommodation and display of their handsome and valuable assortment of goods and its inspec- tion by patrons. The stock is full and complete, and embraces a full line of fine American and European gold and silver watches in all the latest styles and designs: valuable diamonds, pearls, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and other rare and precious gems mounied in the most exquisite and imique styles, plain and fancy gold finger rings, engagement and wedding rings, earrings, brooches, braeelet.s. bangles, necklaces, watch chains, charms, and lockets, etc.: shirt stnrls. collar and sleeve buttons, scarf, lace, and shawl pins, rich and B. HALSEY & CO., Manu- facturers of Custom Shirts and Underwear, No. 4C7 Water Street. —This repre- sentative and leading house was established in 18T5 by Messrs. Hurd & Conwell, and was by them most successfully conducted until 1886, in which year Mr. Conwell retired from the business. lie was suc- — -^_1 - ''— ~ ^ ceeded by Mr. A. N. Stanton, the firm name becoming Hurd & Co. In 188T Mr. E. A. King was admitted into the partnership of Hurd, Stanton & King, and in 1S8S, on his withdrawal therefrom, he was replaced by Mr. R. B. Halsey. The firm was known as Hurd. Stanton & Halsey until 1890, when Mr Halsey purchased his part- ners' interest, and has since conducted the business alone as R. B. Halsey & Co. The premises utilized for the purposes of the concern comprise the second floor of a three-story brick building 30x100 feet in dimensions. They are well ordered and arranged, and are fully equipped with the latest improved appliances and machinery. Here only skilled operatives are employed, and all orders are pronrptly filled. The work done embraces all kinds of fine dress shirts, gentle- men's underwear, tennis shirts, nightshirts, collars and cuffs, hunt- ing shirts, pajamas, etc., and is unsurpassed for quality of materials, reliability, and uniform excellence. They make a specialty of Romarr collar-s used by the Roman Catholic clei-gy. All these wares ai-e made to order, and are unrivalled for elegance of fit and stylishness, while prices charged are uniformly reasonable. Mr. Halsey brings great practical experience to bear, and has obtairred a liberal and influential patronage from the general public. The shirts of his make find their principal market in Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, while that for Roman collars extemls overall the mir the largest steam bakeries in the state is that of A. W. Wallace and Son, and its trade extends throughout the whole of New England. The firm is well known for the thoroughness ot the quality of iis goods, the essentials of absolutejpurity, the best materials, and the rarest skill in their combination being fully understood. In these essentials the New England Crocker Bakery need fear no rival, and the fact that it has successfully maintained and steadily increased its business for thirty-eight years is an eloquent testimony to the quality of the articles furnished. A long-established business ot this kind is thus the best test of the quality of goods. The establishment on State Sti-eet consists of two three-story brick buildings, 25x80 feet each, with a large two-story brick bakery in the rear. In this bakery will be found all the latest and most approved machinery for the maimfacture of the specialties for which the firm are noted. Mr. A. W. Wallace, Sr., started the business in 1853. and for thirty years it has been in the present location. Mr. A. W. Wallace. Jr., was ad- mitted to the firm in 1888. He is thirty -eight years old, and brings into the conduct of the business the vigor of youth, which, when added to the ripe experience of the senior partner, makes a combi- nation of the rarest value. Mr. A. W. Wallace, Sr., is sixty-three years of age. and is a native of New York State. The son was bom in the " Nutmeg State." WH. WARNER, Druggist, No. 171 East Main Street.-An establishment ot this character in this section of Bridge- port, conducted by an experienced and skilful pharma- cist, and which has always mainuiined a high-class reputation for Al goods and trustworthy management, is that of Mr. W. H. Warner, who is a native of this State and a resident here for many years. Having acquired a thorough knowledge of this pro- fession by long years of close study and experience, he founded I his establishment on his own account in 1882, and at once built up a very liberal and substantial patronage that is increasing annually in volume and influence. His store is eligibly located, of ample dimen- sions, handsomely fitted up in the most approved modern style, among the equipments being an elegant soda water fcjuntain. There is a special department for the accmate compomiding ot physicians' prescriptions and family recipes at all hours of the day or night, and none but thoroughly competent and duly qualified assistants are employed. The stock carried embraces a full and complete line of fresh and pure drugs and chemicals ot standard quality, and ot all articles found ina first-class pharmacy. Order and system prevail, polite service is accorded to patrons, and prices are always just and moderate. Mr. Warner is a pleasant, courteous, and refined g' nileman, cautious, exact and reliable in his profession, and is a prominent and highly esteemed member of the Connecticut Pharmaceutical Society. THE GREAT ATLANTIC & PACIFIC TEA COMPANY, Nos. iM and .53.) Main Sti'eet.— Among the numerous articles entering into the food supply trade none are more difficult to obtain ot freshness and purity than teas and coffees. A realization of this fact caused the establishment of the greatest conceru of the kind in the world. We refer to the Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Com- pany, whose headquarters are located at Nos. 35 and87 Vesey Street. New York City, and who have over two hundred branches in various sections of the country. The company import their goods direct from the leading sources of production, in immense quantities, and they sell at retail direct to the consumer the best teas and coffees in the market, and at the lowest prices. The company's branch stores in this city, located at Nos. 290 and 535 Main Street, were opened in 1873, and have been prosperously conducted from the outset. The manager, Mr. G. F. Gillman, is a business man of sound ability and ample experience He is a native ot England, but has resided in the United States for the past twenty-seven years. The main store occupied has dimensions of 30x75 feet, is excellently fitted up, and contains a heavy stock of the choicest teas and coffees to be found in the city. An active trade is supplied, and all orders are promptly fiUed. BRIDGliPUR r. \-^l GEO. V. SCItRlCYER. Beef. Pork. Vepetahles. Etc.. No. ^>3 Bank Street —A decitUnlly prosi)erons, reliable, uuti represeutative house devoied to this brant-h of the business iu liridgeport, and enjoyiutf a justly uieriteil high reputation for bandUug •only first class goods and lionorable dealings, is that of Mr. Geo. V. Schreyer, wliose popuhir and well ordered establishment is located 4it No. *^ Bunk Street. Mr. Schreyer was b(>in in Germany in 1850. At the age of twenty yeai-s he came to the United States, and has lesided in this city the greater portion of the time since. Thor- oughly practical and experienced in all binnches of this business, he inaugurated this enterprise on his ttwn account in 1880, and it at ■once became the cenli-e of a first class and very inrtuential trade that is annually increasing. Tlie premises utilized are spacious and ■commodious, admirably appointed and fitted up with special refer- -ence to the trade, which involves the daily handling of large quanti- ties of meats, vegetables, and other food supplies, which in quantity, freshness, quality, and variety are luisurpassed by any similar house in the city. Ills market is a model of neatness and cleanliness. Polite service is promptly rendered by intelligent assistants, and ■orders are delivered at residences in the city free of cliarge. Mr. Schreyer is a popular, painstaking, and pleasant gentleman, ener- getic, prompt and honorable in his dealings, and is a prominent and ■consistent member of the Odd Fellows' Order. HUGH STIRLING, Manufacturer of Mattresses, No. 8 Union Street.— This enterprise was f.-nnded in 1885 by the present proprietor, who brought practical experience of a ihoruugh order to exercise in his management, the result being a trade of gradually increasing proportions, and to-day he sends his products to all parts of the New England States. The factory is of ample dimensions, having an area of 50x145 feet, and it is equipped in the most approved manner with all requisite tools and appliances, while employment is furnished a force of skilled workmen. Mr. Stirling personally superintends the direction of aflfairs and manu- factures mattresses of all kinds and sizes, using, among other ma- terials, hair, wool, stock, excelsior and husk. He also manu- factures bedding of all kinds, and makes mattresses over as good as new. A large s'ock is carried and all orders are promptly met upon the most equitable terms. Mr. Stirling is a native of England, has resided in this city for the past thirty years, and through the honorable methods followed by him he has won well deserved suc- cess in commercial life. JOHN RENZ. Meats. Vegetables. Etc.. No. 77)4 Hamilton Street. —A prosperous and representative house engaged in a special line of this business in Bridgeport that has acquired a very excellent reputation for dealing only in Al goods and for con- ducting its business in an honorable, straightforward manner, is that of Mr. John Renz, who is a native of Geniiany, and who came to the United States in 1881, and has been a resident of this city several years. Having acquired a thorough knowledge of this business by actual experience, he established this house on his own account in 1889, and at once developed a very liberal and substantial trade, which is constantly increasing in voltmie and importance. The premises utilized for tlie business are amply spacious, neatly ap- pointed, and fitted up with every convenience for the daily handling of large quantities of food supplies, which are unsurpassed in fresh- ness, quality, and variety by any similar concern in this section of the city. His stock embraces the finest of everything in his line, jind he is enabled to supply his patrons with the best of wholesome food during all seasons of the year at lowest prices. The utmost <>leanliness and neatness are observed, polite assistants attend promptly to customers, and orders are delivered at residences in the -city free of charge. Mr. Renz is a careful, enterprising and pleasant C-ritleman, prompt, reliable and honoraide, and justly merit^ the sui'cess which has attended his well directed efforts. FE. SULLIVAN. Concrete Walks. Drives, Etc. No. 568 Fairfield Avenue. — Asphalt is now used extensively for the pave- ^ ment of streets and cellars, and also for the protection of vaults, sewers, bridges and foundations from injury by moisture or the percolation of water. In this connection we desire to make special reference to the popular house of Mr. F. E. Silli- man. Mr. Silliman esta»)lisbed this business in 1871. since which jteriixl he has built up a liberal and influential patronage in Bridge- port and its vicinity, and also in all .sections of the Stale. He I)rompll3' contracts for the construction of concrete and asphalt walks, drives, gutters, etc., and makes a specialty of asphultum drives and floors. His work is unsurpassed for durability, flni.sli and general excellence, while his prices are extremely reasonable.^ Mr. Silliman employs twenty men and seven carts, and cheerfully furnishes estimates for all descriptions of concrete and asphalt work. He is a native of Connecticut, and is highly regarded in business circles for his strict integrity, skill and energy. Mr. Silli- man is a prominent Freemason. Tliose interested requiring first class asphaltum drives, floors, etc., should give their orders to this responsible house and secure the greatest satisfaction in the thor- oughly good manner in which all work will be accomplished. GEO. E. SCOFIELD, Stoves, Ranges, Tin, Copper and Sheet Iron Ware, No. 2iG East Main Street.— Mr. Scofleld, who is practi- cal and experienced in all the details of his business, ac- quired by many years' close application to It, commenced operations on his own account in 1883. and has since maintained a foremost position in the front rank of the trade. The premises occupied — store and workshop— are well fitted up and equipped and provided with every convenience for executing work with ijrompt- ness and despatch. In the store he makes a fine display of cooking and heating stoves, of ranges in all the new styles and patterns, and also of tin, copper and sheet iron ware and kitchen furnish- ing goods of a superior quality. From five to ei^ht practical work- men are kept constantly employed, and every attention is given to manufacturing tin ware.and to doing all kinds of sheet iron and cop- per work, tin roofing and plumbing in all its branches, and gas fitting and repairing and general jobbing. Estimates are cheerfully furnished, and all work is executed under the immediate direction of Mr. ScofieU. who is careful and correct, and fullj- warrants every thing done by him in his line of business. He is a native of the state of Connecticut, about forty years old, and during his busi- ness career in this city has done considerable work, and such was its character that the best satisfaction in every instance has been ex- pressed. He is a member of the order of Odd Fellows, and very popular ^sith all having dealings with him. JPHELAX. Painter, Nos. 201 and 203 State Streei.— Among those in this city engaged in this business there are none so well ^ known as Mr. Jerome Phelan.who, as a painter and decorator has a wide reputation, and who is highly endorsed and recom- mended for originality.skill and abiliiy. He is located in a spacious, commodious, double store, having dimensions of 25x60 feet, at Nos. 201 and 203 State Street, which is neatly and tastefullj- fitted up and well stocked with a choice, carefully selected assortment of wall papers in all the new handsome styles and patterns, and beautiful combinations of gold tints and colors; also mouldings and every thing needed in interior decoration; paints of all kinds, oils, glass, putty, etc.; and a full and general stock of plain, fancy, and commercial stationery. Mr. Phelan makes a special business of general house, sign, and decorative painting. He originates many handsome designs, and arranges colors and tints so as to produce the most pleasing effects. Mr. Phelan is doing an extensive busi- ness, and keeps in his employ from twenty-two to twenty-five prac- tical workmen. COUGHLIN BROTHERS. House Painters, Sign Writers, and In- terior Decorators. No. 459 Main Street.— This business was established in 1867 by Messrs. P. and E. Coughlin, who con- ducted it for some time, when Mi-. E. Coughlin died after a successful and honorable career. His brother, ijr. P. Coughlin, is now sole proprietor, and is continuing the business with zeal and success, The premises occupied comprise a spacious floor and basement, each being 20x100 feet in area, fully equipped with every convenience for the successful prosecution of the business. The stock is extensive and well selected, and includes all kinds of wall papers, window shades, dados, and painters' supplies. Only the best and most reliable goods are handled, and the trade of the house, which is steadily increasing, extends throughout aU sections of Bridgeport and its vicinity. Mr. Coughlin employs twenty-five skilled workmen, and undertakes promptly contracts for painting, paper han^ntr. and decorating, while his prices in all cases are ex- ceedingly moderate. 122 BRI DGEPORT. JK. SPENCER, Manufacturer of Patent Shell-bearing Hand Lathes, No. 99 Cannon Street.— A thoroughly practical me- chanic, with a highly inventive faculty and turn of mind for producing fine machinery for utilitarian purposes, carry- Jng CD a mo.st important industry in the city of Bridgeport, and en- jciyiug a well-earned high reputation for superior skill and genius and reliable business methods, is Mr. J. E. Spencer, manufacturer of patent shell-bearing hand lathes, etc., whose concern is located at No. 99 Cannon Street. Having great and varied experience, and being fully conversant with all kinds of machinery, he commenced business on his own account, originally at East Haddam, in 1863, and in 1881 removed to his present quarters in order to meet the increasing demands of his trade with better facilities. The premises occupied comprise the second floor of a substantial threes story structure, are] amply spacious, and are fitted up with all the latest improved machinery, tools, and general appliances for turning out first-class work, together with ample steam-power. The range of products embraces all kinds of hand lathes, patent fans, etc. A specialty of the concern is his patent shell-bearing hand lathe, a machine which was invented and patented by him some time ago. These machines have met with great favor from the trade as being the best, strongest, most accurate, simple and most easily operated of any in the market, and have proved exceedingly valuable to iron and brass manufacturers. The improvement con- sists in a hard cast-iron bearing for the steel shaft or spindle, which is made separate from the shaft, then forced upon the shaft by pressure, so that, when on, the shaft and bearing are practically one. Heretofore the whole shaft, bearing and all, have been made of one piece of steel, making it necessary to temper the large conical bear- ing, which not unf requently warped the shaft, so that it was useless, or else it required great labor and expense to make it right and of practical use. These lathes are in use in all parts of the United States, and are pronounced by all who use them as the best in the world. All correspondence receives prompt attention, orders are filled at once, and no inferior work is permitted to leave the estab- lishment. FE. LALLEY & CO.. Wine and Liquor Dealers. Nos. 13 and 17 Bank and Nos. 20 and 24 State Streets.— The consumption of wines and liquors in the United States Is so vast that the trade necessarily involves considerations of great impor- tance. Prominent among the leading houses in Bridgeport actively engaged in this trade is that of Messrs. F. E. Lalley & Co., import- ers and wholesale dealers, whose salesrooms are located at Nos. 13 and 17 Bank and Nos. 20 and 24 State Streets. This business was estab- lished in 1865 by F. Sailer & Son, who conducted it till 1890, when Mr. F. E. Lalley became sole proprietor. The premises occupied comprise a spacious store, 40x150 feet in area, fully equipped with every con- venience for the accommodation of the well-selected and choice stock. The assortment includes ports, sherries, clarets, champagnes, brandies, gin. rum, Irish and Scotch whiskeys, cordials, ales, stout, etc. Mr. Lalley is agent in Bridgeport for the Clausen & Price Brewing Company's celebrated ales, and makes a specialty of fine rye whiskies. These whiskeys are mild, mellow and delicious, and are sold under a guaranty to give perfect satisfaction. They are sold, free or in bond, lUrge quantities being allowed to remain in stock and mature until required for the demands of the trade. Mr. Lalley emplo3's six men in his store, and his trade extends throughout all sections of the city and state He is a native of Cambridge, Mass., and is greatly re- spected in trade circles for his integrity and energy. Only the best and choicest wines and liquors are han- dlt'd. and the prices quoted in all cases are as low as the vest. BRIDGEPORT PHARMACY, No. 556 Main Street — The businessof this popular pharmacy was organ- ized ten years ago by the present proprietor, Mr. Wm. Kiiisella. This gentleman is a native ot St. Louis, but has long resided in this city, where he has be- come famiharly and favorably known to its residents. He is a thoroughly skilled pharmacist of ample expe- rience, employs none but conipelent assistants, and makes a leading specialty of the compounding of physi- cians' prescriptions and family recipe;', using only the purest ingredients and guaranteeing absolute accuracy in every instance. The commodious store occupied, which has dimensions of ISx.SO feet, is fitted up in an admirably tasteful manner, and contains a large, complete assort- ment of pm'e drugs and chemicals, select pharmaceutical preijaraticns. choice toilet and fancy goods, surgical ap- paratus and general sundries usually found in a first class establishment of this character. None but the best goods :^ii are handled, and reasonable prices prevail in ever.v de- partment. Mr. KinseUa enjoys the confidence and good will of the entire community. GA. NORTHROP. Livery. Nos. 15 and 17 South Avenue.-The leading house of the kind in Bri city ill its soctiou of ilie oonimonwealtli of Connecticut iias sliarcd in substantial success to a greater degree during tlie past decade or so tlian lias Biriuingliani, and none of its ambitious con- temporaries lias better grounds for believing in a bright and prosperous future. Tlie natural beauty of its location lias been greatly enhanced by the artistic taste of its people, and while it inorits the compliments of strangers who visit it for the first time, its citizens are by no means insensible to its charms nor lacking in efforts to enhance its attractiveness. Situate at the confluence of the Naugatuck and Housatoiiic rivers, IJirmingliain is the hub of a cluster of cities which surround this section, the other spokes in this commercial wheel being Slielton, Derby, and Ansonia, which until recently were known as the " Associated Villages" in the borough of Derby. As a matter of fact, Derby township is one of the oldest in the state, but for the past four decades has been more or less stagnant in point of progress, both Ansonia and Birmingham having long since outstripped what might be termed the parent borough in the great race for industries and wealth. It was a moot point for many years whether or not an amalgamation of the four cities would not have the tendency to promote a common weal, but local rivalry failed to cement the interests of coalition, and the decision being put to the General Assembly, it was agreed at their last session that Ansonia, as the most populous of the quartet, should be allowed to secede, and now Birmingham only embraces Shelton and Derby, the three having one post-ofiice (located at Birmingham) and one set of officers. Many, however, still forecast that tliis quadrilateral, so to speak, will be merged in one municipality at no very distant date, but whether the material interests of the community will by this measure be more effectually conserved is a matter of divided opinion. Birmingham was founded in 1834, and two years later had only twenty dwellings and one factory. To-day it is the centre of a population of some twenty-five thousand and teems with industries of every description, from the production of a piano to a postal-card, and, under existing auspices, bids fair to rival and e.vcel in point of industrial and commercial status many of the older established cities of this busy " Land of Stead}- Habits." While of course according due credit to the energy and enterprise of the merchants and manufacturers of Birmingham, there can be no question but that the city's rise to her present eminence is due to natural advantages which resolve themselves in the city's contiguity to the river Housatonic and the utilization of its waters as the motive power for machinery. This convergence is no doubt due, in the main, to ihe efforts of Mr. E. N. Shelton, president of the Ousatonic Water Co. , the dam and connecting works of which BIRMINGHAM. 12& concern were constnicted at a cost of half a million dollars, and to-day constitute the largest and most reliable water-power in the state. With a view also to the creation, promotion, and maintenance of a sound public spirit, — that whicii is satisfied to enhance the industrial advantage through the public welfare, — the Birmingham Board of Trade is engaged in formulating organized plans for bringing to the notice of manufacturers and those seckin" locations for iiuhistrial enterprises the pre-eminent advantages ofiered by Birmingham for sucli inter- ests. They may be briefly summarized as follows: (1) Advantages of location; in the centre of a rich and populous district ; numerous small towns in the county and ready communication with them. (2) Proximity to New York, and a low rate of freiglits assured througli the existence of competing lines of steamboats plying daily froni Bridgeport and New Haven. (3) Abundance of ground fit for manufacturing sites, and water-power second only to that supplied by the Merrimack to Lowell, Mass. (4) Unusual liealthfulness, exceptionally low death-rate; natural drainage, cleanliness, and sanitary conditions. (5) Hospitality of the people; liberality and co-operation from business men ; practical assistance from the Board of Trade. (6) Agreeable and comfortable social conditions ; elevated domestic life ; good cliurches ; clieap private and excellent free schools ; abumbince of good dwellings and low rents; profuse and cheap markets. These are only a few of the manifold advantages and attractions of Birmingham. The borough is wisely and economically governed, it is equipped with one of the best lines of electric railway in the United States, the environments are beautiful, the press is ably represented by the Derby Transcript, and high-class amuse- ment is aflEorded its citizens in the Opera House in the Borough Building, conceded to be one of the finest halls of its type in Connecticut. The limits of tliis sketch preclude our dilating at length upon the multifarious recommendations which snrround this favored locality. Suffice it to say that rapid as have been Birmingham's progressive strides for the past half century, the next generation will see an enlargement of her manufacturing interests commensurate with her commercial importance. With reference to more lengthened statistics as to individual enterprises, we respectfully commeii connection with any chartered company or comiuercial association in England or elsewhere. They felt at liberty to form for themselves such government as should, in their opinion, be best suited to the ends they had in view when they came to this country. The settlers in New Haven were from Yorkshire, England, and first were located in Boston, Mass., for about a year prior to coming to New Haven in April, 1638. The deed of purchase of land from the Quinnipiac Indians was made out in the names of Theophilns Eaton, John Davenport, ami others, on November 24, 1638. The settlers seem to have entered into some sort of an agreement either before leaving England or Boston, as to their political and ecclesiastical government, and this agreement they called the " Planters' Covenant." Whatever may have been the terms of this covenant, the settlers appear to have been well satisfied with it, for they adhered to it tenaciously until the 25th of October, 1639, when a civil govern- N EW HAVE N, 129 130 NEW HAVEN. ment was instituted and installed. A nieetiny; was called on June 4tli, in that vear, in Franeis Newman's barn, ''to consult about settling civil government according to God, and about nominating persons that might be found of all fittest for the foundation work of a church." The meeting resolved unanimously upon this " Fundamental Agreement :" " that church members only shall be burgesses, and they only shall choose among themselves magistrates and officers to have the power of trans- Nh:W HAVHN. i:Jl acting all jmblic, civil affairs of the plantation, of making and repealing laws, dividing inheritances, deciding of differences that may arise, and doing all things and business of like nature." The meeting also made choice of twelve men to select from among themselves, or from others whom they should publicly nominate as candidates for that trust, the seven founders of the Church and the State. Those seven, by this act of founding the church, became free burgesses of the coninionwealth, the nucleus of the civil organization, and thev had to choose other free burgesses " out of like estate of church fellowship." The seven chosen were: Thoophilus Eaton, John Davenport, Robert Newman, Mathew Gilbert, Theo. Fugill, John Pundorson, and Jeremy Dixon, who, on the 25tli of October following, met as the "court," to form the new government, which was to be per- manent, and to supplant all former contracts. After solemn prayer to God, the " court " ordained : 1. "All former power, or trust, for managing any public affairs in this plantation, into whose hands soever formerly committed, is now abrogated, and is henceforward utterly to cease." 2. "All tlinst^ who ha\e been received into the fellowship of this church since the first gathering of it, or who, being members of other approved churches, offered themselves, were admitted' as members of this court." In other words, they were admitted citizens of the commonwealth. Sixteen were admitted and took the oath of allegiance "to the civil government here settled." Tlieophilus Eaton was chosen chief magistrate, and four deputies were cliosen, each of whom received a solemn charge on being admitted into office. Thus was created the commonwealth, whose laws were cami>rised in the simple declaration, " That the Word of God shall be the only rule to l>e attended to in onlering the affairs of government in tliis plantation." The " Fundamental Agreement," as it was termed, remained, although it was several times modified, the organic laws of this and some other colonies, a union of which was effected on October 23d, 164.3, From this time on, the name of governor was substituted for that of magistrate in the records, and the colonies of Milford, Guilford, Stanford, Branford, and Southold sent delegates to the General Court at New Haven. Besides this, they had their own magistrates and magistrates' courts. In the same year, 164.3, the four colonies of Massachu- setts, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Uaven combined under the style of the "United Colonies of New England," for mutual defence. Then it became strongly impressed upon the statesmen of that period, that as the colonies of New Haven and Connecticut were contiguous, and had so many interests in common, it would be to their advantage to bring them under one form of government. Governor Winthrop, of the Connecticut Colony, proceeded to England to secure a royal charter from Charles II. for this and other purposes, in 1662, and was successful in his mission. The Connecticut colony claimed that this charter covered New Haven juris- diction, and that New Haven was part of Connecticut. This contention was resisted by the New Haven Colonv which had hitherto acknowledged no foreign or any other sovereignty except that of its own will, and it objected to being traded away by anybody ; but in time it came to be generally acknowledged that a union was desirable -notwithstanding, and this was effected on January 5th, 1665. The charter under which the union was brought about. Governor Andros, the representative of James II., demanded at Hartford to be surrendered to him, but the precious document was purloined by Captain Wadsworth, and by him hidden in the hollow of a tree, and, •when James II. had been deposed, it was restored to the state authorities and remained in force until the pass- ing of the State Constitution in 1818. The charter is now in the capitol at Hartford. THE HORRORS OF WAR ■were visited in their severest form on the New Haveners by the Indians in the early days of the settlement, and also when the struggle for independence from English rule came on. The Indians, until they were suppressed, wreaked upon tliem many losses in blood and treasure, wliile the Revolution caused an almost infinite amount of privation, distress, and sorrow. In the fight for independence. New Haven furnished its full quota of men and means. From here marched the traitor Benedict Arnold to Cambridge, in 1775, with the Governor's Guards, acknowledged to have been the best company in the American army ; and here Washington reviewed the troops wliilc on his way to take charge of the American army at Cambridge as commander-in-chief. Early in the morning of July 5th, 1779, about two thousand Hessians and Tories landed on the West Haven shore, four miles from the city. The Yak students, headed by President Daggett, and also the townsmen and militia, •were on the alert, and the invaders found every inch of their march to the city obstructed and disputed. President Daggett with his gun was taken a prisoner in the town, which was pillaged and, in part, destroyed bv fire. The severity of this visitation was such as to paralyze the little settlement for many years afterwards. When the tocsin of war was sounded in the days of the Rebellion, no city in the country was more prompt 132 N E W H A V E N . or liberal in furnisbing treasure and men for llie maintenance of tbo Union tbantbe "City of Elms." Many of those who manned the ships and took their place in the ranks of Connecticut's soldiers gave up their lives in defence of tlie cause tbey had espoused. Their surviving fellow-townsmen have not forgotten their heroism in flood and field, for they have erected a monument that shall tell to future generations of the doings and sacrifices, in the days of their fathers, of the men who fought for the preservation of the unionism of states. This memorial stands prominently on the high elevation of East Rock, and was unveiled amid great pomp and circum- stance of military display on June 17, 1887. Three ships of the navy, — the Richmond, Galena, and Yantic, — under the command of Rear-Admiral Luce, were in the harbor and made a fine display, while men on the ships joined on shore the local Grand Army posts and regiments, and other organizations from all over the state, the whole making up a parade and display such as New Haven had never before seen. The monument, from its base to the apex of the statue of Peace which surmounts it, is 110 feet, the height of the figure is 11 feet, and the natural promontory on which it stands is 405 feet, so that the total eleva- tion of tiie structure is 526 feet above the level of the sea. The pedestal proper of the monument is a series of five steps of granite, the lowest course of which is 40 feet square. These steps, with the e.xception of the top one, are eighteen inches wide, the latter being four feet wide and forming a promenade around the monument. Between the base and the foot of the shaft there are eight feet of ornamental masonry, on the four corners of which are statues representing Prosperity, History, Victory, and Patriotism. These statues are nine feet in height and made of bronze. Between the statues and on each face of the masonry are four historical bas-reliefs commemorating the four great wars in which the country has been engaged since tlie first blow for liberty was struck at Lexington. The shaft proper of the monument is 75 feet high, circular and slightly tapering ; it is 10 feet in diameter at the base, which rests on a sculptured wreath. Above the wreath appear a few courses of ornamental masonry, and then a band of thirteen stars representing the thirteen original States. Above this are uniform ornamented blocks of granite until the lookout windows are reached. The casements of these windows stand out promi- nently, and the ornamentations below then) are very beautiful in design. The windows are about five feet high by two feet wide and are at the termination of a spiral staircase, which winds its way up through the column from the base. The apex of the monument is very nearly cone-shaped, and is surmounted by the pedestal on which the fio-ure of Peace stands. On the inside of the monument, and to the left as one enters the massive oaken doors, has been erected a marble tablet bearing the following inscription : New Haven Consecrates this Monument To the Memory of HER SOLDIERS AND SAILORS Who Offered Their Lives TO Create and M.\intain the Kepublic. .June 17, 1887. THE CITY'S GROWTH. Until the first quarter of the present century had been reached. New Haven's growth was slow and steady, but since that period the population has been increasing at a rapid ratio, until the city is now the largest in the state, and the third most populous in New England. In 1820 the inhabitants numbered only 8,826, which number in 1860 had increased to 39,268. In 1870 the population had grown to 50,840 ; In 1880, to 62,880; and the last census shows the number of inhabitants to be 86.000. While the city has been growing in popu- lation, it has also been increasing its material resources, multiplying its industrial establishments and marts of trade on every hand, so that to-day it presents itself as one of the most lively and progressive cities in the East, with a bricrht and encouraging future before it. MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE. As a manufacturing city, New Haven early took a foremost position ; and it is an admitted fact that the true foundation of a city's prosperity is in its manufacturing industries, for a prosperity based exclusively upon a commercial business must necessafily be ephemeral. A city which, for instance, depends upon any one or more of the great agricultural staples for support, for business, and for growth, is liable to become paralyzed in lier energies and interests, not only by failure in the production of such staples, Vjutfrom their diversion to other points whose eligibilitv gives them the advantage and preference as markets. Such, also, are the fluctuations in NEW HAVEN, i:« prices of articles of produce that no certainty of suocessfui operations can t)e relied upon, and wluii uncertain, feverish, and exciting speculation underlies the business of any connnunity, there is no guarantee ot perniaueiit and stable prosperity; whereas, wti.rt' manufacturing is carried on successfully, there is a steady, healthy, and substantial growth. ' Illustrations of this truth arc abuudaut throughout Connecticut, and New Haven owes its 134 N E W H A V E N . importance, both present and future, to its manufacturing industries, wliich are carried on to a great extent, and in almost every conceivable variety. New Haven has long been one of the leading cities in the world in the manufacture of carriages ; and to-day there are upvi-ards of thirty large establishments engaged in the produc- tion of the finest description of vehicles, which find their way to all of the civilized countries of the globe. Here, too, are the works of the famous Winchester Fire-arms Company, the largest of their kind in the world, and where fire-arms of the most approved patterns are made. Here also are immense factories for the manu- facture of clocks, locks, fish lines, paper boxes, and knick-knacks of all kinds, which are yearly tunied out by millions. There are corset factories employing from fifteen hundred to two thousand hands. The manufacture of rubber boots and shoes is a large and growing industry, and pianos, organs, scales, hay cutters, etc., are pro- duced in great numbers, while pork packing is a flourishing enterprise. On every hand old-establislied manu- facturing concerns are being extended with a view to an increase in the output of products, while beside them new industrial establishments are springing up. In short, the manufacturing enterprises form the backbone of New Haven's present and future prosperity, and lierein lies its strength and soliditv. It has been well said that " It is fact that, let one go where he will in the ' City of Elms,' he is quite sure to find all available space in the rears of stores and dwellings occupied l>y factories, cacli of which is a bee-hive of industry." As might be expected in a city provided with many and varied manufacturing enterprises. New Haven lias an extensive and prosperous commerce, both locally, national, and foreign. She has a fine West India trade, and formerly many sea-going vessels were frequent visitors to her harbor, but in recent years her chief imports and exports have passed through the port of New York. She has, however, a brisk trade direct with coastwise vessels, her .situation being such as to secure to her low freight rates through competitive transporta- tion facilities by rail and water. The commercial houses of the city include many structures of tha largest size, and these are filled with various commodities of the very best quality and description. The citj- ha^ grouped around about it many prosperous suburbs, intersecting rich, fertile agricultyral sections, to all of which New Haven is a leading source of supply for many important lines of trade. The mercantile houses of the city are conducted by some of the best known and most influential citizens, who are energetic, wide-awake, and enterprising in securing supplies in their trade, and are important factors in building up the name and fame of the " City of Elms " as an important trade centre. This condition of affairs gives every assurance of steady, substantial growth and permanent j)rosperity. Now Haven has the second oldest Board of Trade — a body of merchants and manufacturers who are com- bined for the purpose of fostering and encouraging business enterprises of all kinds in, and in every way promoting the material well-being of, the city— in the country, the New York Board of Trade taking preced- ence in age. The New Haven Board was organized in 1 794, and has had a continuous existence up to date. In late years the Board has been particularly active in the prosecution of its aims and objects, and is to-day a live, wide-awake institution. The Board's headquarters are on Main Street, and for the past five or six years Mr. J. D. Dewell has advantageously and creditably filled the office of jiresident. Lieut.-Gov. S. E. Merwin is the first vice-president; the second vice-president is Nathan Easterbrook, Jr.; Wilbur F. Way, president of tlie New Haven National Bank, has for many years been the Board's treasurer ; and one of New Haven's oldest and most esteemed citizens, Major T. Atwater Barnes, has long discharged the duties of secretary. BANKS. The banking facilities of New Haven are in every way adequate for the large trade and industries nf the city and its surrounding towns. There are several national and state banks, besides savings banks, and the liberal aid exten. Dana puts it, " finding a way to the south-eastward open before it, iiiade a rush NEWHAVEN. i:5,j ihiMiigh the narrows al M'uldlc'lown, and was oil for Saylirook, leaving New Haven in tlic lurch. Perhaps, after all. New HaVen is none the worse for the loss, If New Haven Bay were now the mouth of the Con- necticut, the fair plain, the site of tlie city and its surrounding villages, would be swept by floods and tides, and building-places would be confined to the slopes and tops of the Rocks and other hills. New Haven has balanced tlie account with Saybrook by taking from licr Yale College ; and we think she has double reason to be content with the change." A fleet of steamers carrying passengers and freight run daily between the city and New York, thus giving easy access to all tlie grand highways of navigation in the country. Added to this means of transportation are the railroads, which come to the city from all quarters. The Shore Line from Boston, Providence, and New Lonilon, the Air Line from ^Yillimantic and Middletown, the New Haven and Derby, the New Haven and Northampton, and tlie New York aniNew Haven roads all meet in this city and give easy access to New York, Boston, Springfield, and all parts of Connecticut and Rhode Island. EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES. L- New Haven is distinguished as one of the most important seats of learning in the countiy, and contained right in the lieart of the city is the world-renowned Yale College. The pioneer settlers, like their descendants, were intense lovers of learning, and soon after their coming founded a free school, which gained prominence and a high reputation. For many years the early residents here were liberal contributors to Harvard College, to which they sent their wheat and wampmn for its main- tenance, while they sent their sons to enjoy its privileges and bear away its honors. To John Davenport, one of the principal founders of the New Haven Colony, this, however, was not an unmixed satisfaction, for his desire was to have a great seat of learning nearer home. Davenport was born in Coventry, England, in 1597, was educated at Oxford, and became vicar of St. Stephen's Church, Coleman'Street, London. He, however, soon became a Nonconformist, resigned his benefice. and fled to Holland to escape the warrent that was issued against him. After preaching for a time at the English Church at Amsterdam, he got into trouble respecting his opinions upon the indiscriminate baptism of children, and this led to his resignation. He then emigrated to the New World, arrived in Boston on the 26th of June, 1637, and in the following spring he, along with Theophilus Eaton, led the first settlers to New Haven. He was not only the pastor of the church, but a directing and controlling power in the state until tlie close of liis life on March 11, 1670. During the latter years of his life he urged again and again upon the Connecticut colonies the importance of founding a college of their own; and though he did not live to see the Yale College of to-day founded, he certainly was its first advocate. The present Hopkins Grammar School — now one of the best preparatory schools in the country and the oldest school in Connecticut — was founded during Mr. Davenport's lifetime, in 1664, as a collegiate school, bv Governor Hopkins; but the instruction given was deemed not to come up to the requirements of a college course, and ten ministers of the- colony organized themselves into a society to establish a collegiate school. At the close of the year 1700 or 1701, these ten ecclesiastics mot at Branford, and each put on the table a few volumes, saying, " I give these books for founding a college in this colony." Thus was started the powerful and far-famed LTniversity of to-day. The college was at first located at Saybrook, Conn., and its rector was Rev. Abraham Pierson, and its first student, who entered in March, 1702, was Jacob Hemingway. The college was afterwards removed to New Haven, where the first college-building was built in 1717. At this time Gov. Elihu Yale, of London, made to the college several valuable gifts, including books, the portrait and arms of King George, and £200 sterling worth of English goods, "out of gratitude for which the trustees named the new building Yale College. Gov. Yale was a native of New England, educated in England, and became governor of Fort St. George, now Madras. In the college is a full length portrait of Gov. Yale, who was buried in Wrexham, Wales, and on his tombstone is inscribed, " Born in America, in Europe bred. In Africa travelled, and in Asia wed, Where long he lived and thrived: at London dead. , Much good, some ill he did; so hope's all even, And that his soul through Mercy's gone to Heaven." In the Revolution a company of students was formed and these were reviewed and drilled on the irreon bv 136 N E W H A V E N . Gen. Washington himself, who selected one of them, Capt. Natlian Hale, to go into the liiilish camp at Long Island as a spy. Hale was caught and executed, his last words being, " I regret that I have only one life to o-ive for my country !"' In July, 1799, New Haven and the college were taken by the British, but not without a severe fight. For about a century and a half the college was hedged about by poverty, but to-day it owns in lands aiiii, ;iihI there are from twenty-five to thirty school-bnildings. Tlio High School is located opposite the Church of the Redeemer, on the northeast corner of C>range and Wall Streets, and is at once an honor and ornament to the city. The buildinjj; is a substantial brick structure, with stone dressings. It is four stories high, surmounted by a tower, containing a public clock on the southwest corner. There are 18 rooms with a seating capacity for 400 pupils. The Board of Education and the Siiiiorintcndent of Schools have their headquarters here. THE CITY GOVERNMENT, ETC. For the [nirposes of local governmeut the city is divided into ten wards, and the government is vested in a mayor and other civic executive officers, a board of twenty aldermen, and a body of thirty councilmen, whose election takes place annually. There are efficient fire and police departments, the latter having over a hundred men in service to protect the lives and property of citizens. The fire department is equipped with the best fire-extinguishing appliances obtainable, and both departments are efficiently officered. AS A PLACE OF RESIDENCE as well as a place of business. New Haven is all that can be desired. Its- situation is a delightful oue. Its streets are well paved and cleanly and orderly kept, and to them a charm is lent by the lines of widespreading elms linking and interweaving their branches over the sidewalks and carriage-ways, while here and there are •' patclies of green," — ^•eritable " breathing-places," — -framed in stately elms and furnished with resting-places for tired and health-seeking humanity. Churches and schools — public and private — adequate in number and variety to meet all tastes and opinions, are judiciously distributed throughout the city. There is no lack of amusement for pleasure and fun-seekers, for there are several theatres in various parts of the city, the principal of these being the Opera House (2,000 seats), Loomis' ^1,000 seats). New Haven Opera House (1,000 seats), Carl's Opera House (:2,500 seats), and the Athenwum (600 seats). There is an ample street railway service, «n abundant supply of pure, wholesome water, and the transportation facilities by rail and water secure to the •■itizc j necessities and luxuries equal to those of even the largest cities on the American Continent. New Haven has many handsome public and private buildings, and the architecture of the Tost Office and Custom House is especially commendable. The city is well supplied with admirably conducted hotels, and the visitor can always rely upon comfortable entertainment. Most of the principal residences are picturesque in style ami location, and on the outskirts of the city, and even within the limits of the municipality itself there are many charming drives and popular resorts for pleasure-seekers. The people of New Haven are noted not only for being an intelligent class, but for being of a sociable and hospitable character. The business men are pushing, wideawake, and progressive, proud of their city and its traditions, and, backed by their energy and ambition, New Haven will grow and prosper. SH. CRUTTE.N'DEN, Livery, Hack, Boarding, and Sales Stables, rW^i Nos. la*. 139 and 141 Union Street.— This is one of the most I , favorite livery, hack, boarding, and sales stables in the city. _|_ H. CRUTTE.N'DEN. Livery, Hack, Boarding, and Sales Stables, rflHEO. KEILER. Undertaker, No. 109 Orange Street.— A promi- nent houfie identified with the undertaking business iu New Haven is that of Mr. Theodore Keller, No. 1119 Orange Street. It was founded twenty nine years ago by Messrs. Joslen and It was established in 1877 by Messrs. Newton and Keiler. Mr. Wilcox, Mr. C. E. Cruttenden securing the plant in 1867; later, in Newton died in 1S81, when Mr. Keiler became the sole proprietor. 1874, we find the present proprietor in possession, who. with the ex- The store, which is of ample dimensions, contains a large stock of ceptionof some twelve months' copartnership with Mr. Lewis Carter, caskets, coffins, corpse preservers, and all classes of undertaking retained the same till 1886, when the present commodious quarters goods. Mr. Keiler furnishes eveiything required for a biu-ial, and were removed to. These consist of two commodious two story brick bereaved relatives or friends can with confidence rely upon Ihis buildings, well ventilated, drained, and lighted, affording accommo- careful and satisfactory attention to all orders. Hearses, carriages, dations for upwards of one hundred horses. The best care is given and everytliing in connection with funerals are furnished with to the stock by a corps of from twelve to fifteen competent grooms promptness and at very moderate charges. In the course of his and stablemen. The stock of horses for hire mcludcs some of the long experience Mr. Keiler has officiated at a great number of finest roadsters in the city and a large number of superior carriage funerals, from the richest to the poorest, and is a successful and horses. Coupes, coaches, buggies, and road wagons are promptly skilful embalmer. He is a native of Germany, has resided in the furnished for weddings, balls, parties, shopping, pleasure drives, and United States for the past twenty-five years, is a prominent Free- funerals; and charges are moderate in the extreme. Special atten- mason, and a popular member of the Odd Fellows, Knights of Honor, tion is given to hoarding horses, and weekly sales of western stock Knights of Pythias, and Arion Singing Society, and is a member form another feature of the business. Mr. Cruttenden is a native of of the Ex-cutive Committee of Connecticut State As,sociation of New Haven, ond is faithful in meeting every demand of the public Undertakers. 138 NEW HAVEN, LEWIS L. GILBERT. Cakes, Jellies, Charlottes, Etc., No. 148 Elm Street. No. 1050 Chapel Street, No. l&l St. John Street and No. 29.; Grand Avenue.— There is no country in the world where so much cake and confectionery is consumed as in the United States, and consequently the business of the professional baker as- sumes a position not accorded it elsewhere. Among the leading and most prominent representative of his special business in New Haven is Mr. Lewis L. Gilbert, who has achieved a wide repu- tation for the superiority of the bread and cakes made by him. and controls a widespread first class influential patronage which comes froQi the best classes of the community. Mr. Gilbert has been en- gaged in the business for some years. He occupies four well equipped establishments— No. 148 Ehn Street, No. 1050 Chapel Street. No. 1S4 St. John Street and No. 202 Grand Avenue— and employs a nimaber of e.-cperienced bread and cake bakers and confectioners, and turns out fresh every day American, French, and Vienna bread and rolls, Boston brown bread and baked beans, EngUsh muffins, crumpets, etc., also plain and fancy cakes of all kinds, and makes a specialty of pound cakes, also pastry and meringue pies, Charlotte de Russp and St. Honor6 in all sizes, and plum pudding when in season. Bride's cake, handsomely decorated, is made to order, and empty puffs and meringue shells are always kepc on sale Mr. Gilbert uses only the very finest family and pastry flour an^ other materials, and everything coming from his bakeries are warranted pure, wholesome and free from anything whatever that is in any way injurious. He invites a chemical analysis of any arti- cle he manufactures, and wiU pay all expenses if found to contain anything but what is pure. He fills orders and special commissions for weddings, dinner parties, teas and luncheons, and as an experi- enced, practical baker, confectioner and caterer can be thor- oughly depended upon to provide everything of the best at fair, reasonable prices, and to give the best satisfaction. Mr. Gilbert is a native of this State, and about twenty -niue years old. He is doing a splendid flourishing business, and is not only one of the leading bread and cake bakei-s in the city, but enjoys the esteem and consideration " of all having dealings with him. HENRY L. HILL & CO., Bankers, Corner Church and Centre Streets.— The business of a banker is so intimately associated with tbe general prosperity that it fitly finds a place in the illustration of the city's resources. Banks may be said to be the pulse of the general business, and when they are doing well the rest of the community has little to complain about. Especially is this true of those like Henry L. Hilt & Co., who make a specialty of dealing in government, state, railway, municipal and county bonds, for such transactions mean that there is asiu-plus at com- mand, and that the people have leisure and means at their com- mand for outside investments. Hill & Co.'s bank is situated at the corner of Church and Centre Streets. It was established some years ago by Hill. Trowbridge & Co. On the retirement of Mr. Trowbridge the business was continued by Mr. Hill under tbe present name. The business consists of a general banking coimection. The bank receives deposits subject to check, at sight, allows interests on daily balances, buys and sells local securities and western city mortgages, and acts as promoters of land and manufacturing syndi- cates. The bank has correspondence with similar institutions in New York, Chicago and Boston, and in ail the leading cities of the United States. The bank is located on tbe ground floor of a hand- some four story brick block. :;os60. and the offices are beautifully fitted up, with handsome brass railing guarding the oak counters. Confidence in the business ability and tbe integrity of the manager of such an institution as this is an absolute essential. Mr. Hill's long record in his native city speaks in full and complete language as to the possession of the esteem of his fellow citizens, who use his facilities as a means of investment. THE COMPRESSED AIR CARPET CLEANING WORKS, Wm. F. Knapp *S: Co., Proprietors, No. lOG Court Street.— It is a source of pleasure to us when we are enabled to direct the attention of our readers to such enterprises as tend to in- crease the comfort and cleanliness of our homes. Nothing gives a more untidy appearance to apartments than carpets full of dirt and needing repair, and when these can he renovated at a mininmm of cost and trouble there should be no excu-;e if they are suffered to remain in that state. In this connection we direct the attention of our readers to The Compressed Air Carpet Cleaning Works, located at No. 106 Court Street. This enterprise was inaugurated diu'ing the- current year by tbe present proprietors, Wui. F. Knapp & Co., and the success that has already attended the venture assures its perma- nent success. The premises occupied comprise a three story brick building, 40x60 feet in dimensions, and are equipped with an 8-horse power engine and all requisite apphances. The modus operandi fol- lowed here is as described: In an air tight room is a 12|w feet rotating wheel provided with corrugated shelves. The cai-pet to be cleaned is placed on one of the shelves, steam is turned on and the ma- chinery set in motion. Compressed air is forced in as the large wheel revolves, the carpet is thrown from shelf to shelf, and all dust is drawn away by powerful exhaust machinery and carried to a large air tight bin built for its reception at the other end of the building. The au', in the meantime, has been removed from this bin, and when the dust reaches it it immediately settles to the bottom, from which it is removed at leisure. By this process the carpet emerges as clean and good as new. Not tbe most dehcate fabrics in this line are injured. Tbe capacity of the works is 2,000 yards of carpet per day. Carpets are sent for, taken up, cleaned, returned and relaid in the most efficient manner, while the prices are of the most moderate character. Mr. Knapp, the active proprietor of the business, is popularly known in this community, and the success he is meeting with is fully deserved. LH. FROST. Livery, Sale and Boarding Stables. Nos. 127 and 129 Meadow Street.— This establishment was founded in IR8.5 by and has always been under the control of Mr. Frost, who is thorough, practical and experienced, and an upright, reliable business man. The premises consists of a fine commodious brick building, 80x100 feet'in area and two stories in height, well lighted and drained and ventilated, and provided with telephone, a carriage elevator, harness rooms, etc.. and a neatly fitted up office. It is thoroughly equipped throughout, and affords the very best accommodations for upwards of seventy to eighty horses and many carriages. Mr. Frost is always prepared to fur- nish upon immediate notice carriages for weddings, parties, etc., with fine outfits and careful drivers, at fair, reasonable rates. He owns from fifteen to twenty stylish horses and many fashionable coaches, coupes and carriages of all kinds, and it should be said to his credit that no better equipages are to be seen in New Haven than those that come from his establishment He has splendid facili- ties for boarding horses, and m his care now there are from thirty to forty fine animals belonging to the citizens. The sales department is admirably conducted, and Mr. Frost is constantly receiving con- signments of driving, saddle, and work horses from the West, and always ha'i rare bargains to offc. H' irses are also bought and sold on commission, and all transactions are conducted upon those sound principles of equity and probity. Mr, Frost has alw ays maintained a high character as a business man, and enjoys tbe full confidence of all having deahngs with him. From seven to ten hands are em- ployed about the establishment, and orders receive attention at all hours of the day or night. Mr. Frost's office is the depot for the sale of Dr. Daniel's veterinary remedies and horse liniment, etc. THE NATIONAL TRADESMEN'S BANK —This bank was in- corporated in 1855 under the laws of Connecticut as the Tradesmen's Bank, and eventually in 1SG5 was reorganized under the national banking laws. It has a paid up capital of S300.000, which h.is be^n further augmented by a surplus of $120,- 0(X). The National Tradesmen's Bank is very fortunate in having a management whose standing and experience give it a high rank among the banks of the.state and draw to its count*?rs the leading busi- ness men and capitalists of New Haven, besides along list of minor customers. The bank receives deposits, negotiates loans, discounts approved commercial paper, deals in exchange, and generally trans- acts alt kmds of business pertaining to legitimate banking. Collec- tions of checks, coupons and dividends are made and credited to depositors free of charge, while drafts and letters of credit are is- sued on the principal cities of the United States, Canada and Europe. The officers and directors are gentlemen who are widely known in business circles for their prudence, integrity, and executive abilitv. The bank occupies its own substantial building, which is the most elegant structure of the kind in New Haven, having private offices for the president, cashier, and directors, all handsomely fitted up and fiu-nished. Mr. Geo. A. Butler, the president, and Mr. W. T. Fields. thecashier, are able and experienced financiers, eminently quali- fied for their important positions. NEW HAVEN. 339 ELM CITY STABLES, No. CM Chapel Street; A. M. Goodyear, Proprietor.— A recent addition to the livery and boardhig stable accoumuKiations of Ne\Y Haven was the opening by Mr. A. M. Goodyear of the Elm City Livery, Boarding, and Feeding Sfnbles, at No. 6K4 Chapel Street. Ulr. Goodyear has had ample experience in Ibis branch of industry, and satisfactorily meets all the wants of the public in this line. The premises occu pied consist of a two story building. 40x100 feet in dimensions, equipped with all modern appliances and conveniences, and well ligbted and ventilated throughout, while evei*ything is kept in scrupulously clean conoifion. Mr. Goodyear has twenty fine horses and carriages of every description for hire, and stylish turnouts can at all times be secured here. A specialty is made of night service. carriages being furnished for balls, opera, theatre, or other purposes. Orders may be sent by telephone, call No. 354-5. Horses are boarded by the day. week, or month, at reasonable rates, the best of attention h^ing assured. Twenty-five equine guests are now in the stable, but there is ample accommodation for a greater number. Mr Goodyear also deals in horses, carriages, sleighs, harnesses, and horse goods of all kinds. A first class article is at all times obtainable here, and all representations made by Mr. Goodyear may be de pended upon to be reliable. SHEAHAN & GROARK, Plumbers. Steam and Gas Fitters, No. C91 State Street.— A recently established, yet thoroughly rep- resentative house, whose extensive business embraces plumb- ing, gas and steam fitting in all itsbranches, is that nf Messrs. Sheahan & Groark, which was founded in 1890, and which has al- ready gained a popularity and extent of patronage that are at once the admiration and envy of older cotnpetitive concerns. The prem- ises occupied consist of three floors, each 30x60 feet in dimensions. These are well stocked with plumbers', steam and gas fitters* sup- plies, and every accessory requisite for the advantageous prosecu- tion of the business. Special attention is given to sanitary engineer- ing and plumbing, and the heating of private residences by steam and hot water. There is no branch of the plumbing, gas and steam fit- ting trade in which the firm are not prepared to execute work expedi- tiously, neatly and in the most satisfactory manner, several experi. enced workmen being permanently in service. The individual mem- bers of the firm are Messrs. William Sheahan and T. J. Groark. both natives of New Haven. Mr. Sheahan makes a specialty of gas and steam fitting, while Mr. Groark pays special attention to sanitary plumbing, and their ability is beyond question. AE. MACK. Harness anurchasers can rely upon getting full weight and a very superior article as well as courteous attention here< while the prices are lower than those charged elsewliere for inferior goods. Mr. Edmund Elvett. the manager of the New Haven branch, is a gentleman of pleasing manners and excellent business qualities, and is in everj- respect a capable representative of this inammotb> and widely known concern. 140 NEW HAVEN THE JOHN E. BASSETT & CO., Hardware and Cutlery, Manu- facturers' and Builders' Supplies, No. T.W Chapel Street and Nos. 318 and ;K0 State Street.— A review of New Haven's representative business houses reveals the existence of a number of noteworthy, time-honored mercantile establishments. Among the veteran concerns here referred to there is none more worthy of special mention in this comprehensive volume than the staunch ano responsible house of The John E. Bassett & Co , whole- sale and retail dealers in builders' and house furnishing hardware, cutlery, tools, pamters' supplies, etc.. No. 754 Chapel Street and Nos. 318 and 320 State Street, which tor fully one hundred and six years has occupied a niche in pubUc favor entirely its own. It is, in fact, the very oldest as it is one of the leading and best stocked estab- . lishments of the kind in this city, and receives a substantial patron- age, the trade, which e.xtends throughout New England, growing apace annually. The business was established away back in the year 1781 by one Titus Street, in the year that New Haven first at- tained to civic dignity. Mr. Street continued business alone till 1793, when a Mr. Samuel Hughes became associated therewith, and, as Street & Hughes, affairs were conducted till 1831, when the firm style became S. Hughes minent flgiire in commercial circles, and is a popular member of the Veteran Grays, Legion of Honor and New Haven Yacht Club. THE CONNECTICUT ADAMANT PLASTER COMPANY. No. 460 Grand Street.— ,-Vdaraant wall plaster, as its name implies, is a material designed to produce a hard and practically inde- structible interior wall. Within three years adamant has made for itself a wide reputation entirely on its merits, having bcCTi applied in thousands of buildings. The demand for adamant is rap- idly increasing. It now has an established place as a standard build- ing material. The plastering has long been the poorest portion of buildings, and a good interior wall is the exception where lime plas- ter is used. A slight concussion breaks the surface of the wall, and patches, holes, and defaced decorations offend the eye. Where lime plaster is used it is not an uncommon occurrence to have the whole or part of the ceiling fall. To avoid this, many churches, school buildings, stores, etc., have been ceiled with wood, thereby largely increasing the cost. By using adamant the necessity for wooden ceilings is entirely obviated, as it adheres strongly to any substance, and cannot be removed without considerable elTort. In recent years numberless improvements have been made in building materials generally, but until the introduction of adamant a super- ior wall at modei'ate cost was unobtainable. In tlie ordinary way of making and applying common plaster, results are very uncertain. The varj'ing qualities of lime and sand render fixed proportions un- safe. The plaster must be mixed weeks before it is used, so that the lime may become thoroughly slaked. Frequently the hair is de- stroyed by action of the lime, and a wall made of such material will be "rotten.'' The large quantity of water used in common plastering, to the injury of the woodwork, the time required to dry the building, and in winter the expense of fuel for that purpose, are among the disadvantages inherent in its use. .All the difficulties are avoided where adamant wall pla.ster is used. It is a chemical com- position, and in a few hours after being applied becomes very hard and capable of resisting, intact, all the ordinary casualties that prove so destructive to common plaster. It is a drj- material, shipped in bags, ready for use by simply mixing with water, and is applied in the usual manner. If kept dry it will not deteriorate by age. Among its many advantages adamant saves time and labor both in preparing and applying: it is cleanly and easy to work: it avoids saturating the timl>ers with water and the consequent swell- ing and shrinking; it saves waiting weeks tor rooms to dry out, and they can be safely occupieil immediately after finishing. Carpen- ters need not move out while the plastering goes on, but can con- tinue work on the. same floor with the plasterers. Of cotirse im- til the adamant has set, walls shotdd not be jarred. Its resonant properties make it particularly valuable in churches, lialls, opera- hou-ses. and all public places. In fire resisting qualities it is sxiperior toany otiier plaster made, and this consideration alone should have gieat weight with those who are biulding or preparing to build. For setting tile, slabs, etc., its adhesiveness and strength render it spe- cially well adapted. Adamant does not crack or shrink : rats do not gnaw through it, nor will it harbor verndn, noxious gases, or germs of disease, like conmion plaster, because it is smooth, dense, and hard, instead of ponnis. It places much less weight on the building than lime plaster, and instead of being a dead weight it contributes strength. It has great adhesiveness and consideiable elasticity therefore for ceilings that are liable to " spring " it is invaluable. It can be frescoed, papered, painted, or treated with any desired finish within four or five days after the application of the last coat. No one who intends building substantially and economicall.v can afford to use common plaster, when for a moderate additional first cost he can put on adamant and obtain a solid wall that will not be injured every time it is touched by furniture, that is cooler in summer and warmer in winter, and in every respect superior. niiat Does Adaiiiai>f cost? How does it compare tciththeokl style Mortal- .''—We hear the above questions asked quite often. To come to a clear understanding, let us look into the matter a little, In the first place we must decide upon the kind of lime mortar to be used or we cannot fairly compare relative costs. If we select the poorest and cheapest mortar offered by some cheap contractor, which we all know is little better than mud, and compare that kind of mate- rial with adamant, the difference will be considerable. But if ada- mant is compared with the best (and that's had enough) grade of lime mortar, specified to be of the highest quality, with gauged ceil- ings, etc., then the difference in price is quite small, if any. But adamant is cheaper in the end. We say cheaper. Now let us see if that is so; let us delve below the surface; get right down to the cold facts. Say on one thousand yards of work adamant costs you four cents per yard more than common mortar, that's forty dollars on your job, charge adamant up with forty dollars, and then give it credit with what it saves you. You can save from three to six weeks' time, that's worth something on n thousand yard house, cost- ing, well, say, with land, $4,000; the interest at six per cent for one month is $30.00 ; now if that house is to be rented at even SSO.OO a month, you save that amount; and if it is not built for rent it is worth the S'.Kl.OO to some one for that lengtli of time. In the winter the fuel is worth, at the least calculation, say $000- that's surely fair. And the labor of refitting doors and windows afterwards is saved entirely by the use of adamant. We all know what that means. We know how a building is saturated by water in the old way, how everything is wet and sloppy for weeks, how the wood- work, the doors, and the windows shrink and swell, we know how the carpenter must come back and ease them up, even after the house is occupied, and that costs money. Any careful carpenter will tell you that a $10 bill will not pay him for his trouble in that item alone. Some skeptic may say right here that adamant wets the woodwork too, and that adamant must dr.v. Yes, it must, but it is not the old drying procoss; it's not evaporation alone that we de- pend upon; it's a crystallization of the moisture by a chemical process; that does the business, besides it goes on thinner, there is no thick, heavy body of material hanging as a dead weight on the structure and distiibuting moisture throughout the entire build- ing. Then we save the "patching up" after the carpenters are through, the hauling of slack boxes and sand, the "running off." mortar ten days before the work is begun; and tliose items alone, figured at anything Uke a fair value, wllj more than pay the differ- ence, to say nothing of the great superiority of adamant over lime mortar, or the difference in value between a wall made of the frail- est and most unsatisfactory material, as compared with a wall that is as hard and durable as stone, fire aud water proof, and one that will stand almost as much hard usage as a wall made of brick. ISRAEL KLEINER & SON, Tailors. Xos. 707 and 709 Chapel Street. —A leadingand old established house in the tailoring trade is that conducted by Israel Kleiner & Son at Nos. 707 and 700 Chapel Street. It was originally established in 1854 by the late Israel Kleiner, who was succeeded at his decease in 1884 by E. and I. L. Kleiner, and from the date of its inception to the present it has al- ways and deservedly enjoyed a hberal patronage. The most stylish, well fitting, and durably made garments are here made to order at most reasonable prices. Messrs. Kleiner carry a complete assortment of all kinds of foreign broadcloths, worsteds, cassimeres. and suitings in all the fashionable patterns and colors. 142 NEW HAVEN. LANCRAFT BROTHERS, Wholesale Oj'ster Dealers, Nos. 2 to 10 FeiT3- Street.— An importaut feature of the commercial activity and enterprise 'of New Haven, and one which has borne a more or less prominent part in rearing her business wealth and prosperity, is that most popular of American industries, the oyster trade. The exponents of this branch of trade are among the most influential and successful business men of the city, and the influence of their large and varied interests upon the general feet, every floor being filled with goods appertaining to the trade. The store is handsomely fitted up and goods displayed in a very attractive man- ner. Mr. Wright is a native of this state, and is a very energetic business man. He is an enthusiastic Freemason and very popular in that order. JOSEPH GEOBEL, Boots and Shoes, No. K Church Street.— Tliis has been a noted shoe house since 1855, when it was founded by the present proprietor, who has since that date achieved a success that forms a striking illustration of what may be ac- complished By close attention to business, handling and producing first clastj goods only and fair dealing. The store occupied is 'i'ixHO feet in dimensions, with a well equipped workshop in the rear. The stock is large and complete in every department, and embraces a full assortment of ladies', gents', mis-ses, youths', and children's boots, shoes, rubbers, shppei-s, etc., and purchasers cannot fail to be pleased with what is here provided to supply their varied wants and requirements. Shoes made to measure are mad? up from the best of materials, while the workmanship and the goods are guaranteed to be perfect in fit, in keeping with the prevailing styles, and dura- ble in wear, and in every particular cannot be excelled in this city. Repairing is promptly and neatly done, wlule his charge for his first class goods are very reasonable. Mr. Geobel is a native ot Germany and has resided in the United States for the piist thirty-nine years. JAMES F. MOLLOY cS: CO., Metal Suspender Trimmings, Etc., No. IT Oak Street.— A branch ot industry ot a very useful character iu New Haven is the manufacture of metal suspen- der trimmings and otlier metal goods. In this connection we desire to make special reference to the progressive and reliable firm ot Messrs. James F. Molloy & Co. This business was estab- lished in 1888 by Messrs. James F. Jlolloy and W. T. Smith, both of whom are expert and thoroughly practical manufacturers of metal suspender trimmings, buckles, etc., while they are fully conversant with the requirements ot the trade and general public. They oc- cupy a spacious ground floor, 75xI(X) feet in area, fully equipped with the latest improved metal working machinery, tools, and appli- ances. Here they employ fifty skilled hands, and the machinery is driven by steam power. The firm's goods are general favorites with the trade, owing to their elegance of design, finish, durability. and excellence. Orders are promptly filled at extremely low prices, and the trade of the house extends throughout all sections of the United Stales and Canada. Only the best materials are utilized, and great care is exercised over all the processes of manufacture, in order that the goods may be perfect in every particular. Messis. Molloy and Smith are natives ot New Haven. They are very popu- lar and respected in trade circles tor their integrity and skill, and fully merit the liberal patronage secured in this steadily growing in- dustry. TONTINE HOTEL, J. W. Bradley, Proprietor, Church Street Corner Court. — This popular and old established hotel was first opened in 182.5, and in 18G5 Mr. J. W. Bradley, the present proprietor, assumed the management. It is conveniently located, contains KiO rooms available for guests, and is a substantial and spacious four story and basement building, lOOx'200 feet in area, fully supplied with all modern improvements and appliances, in- cluding electric bells and lights, billiard and sample rooms, while the sanitary arrangements and means of escape in case of fire are perfect. The rooms are all handsomely and comfortably furnished, and the table is always supplied with the best in the market. In the bar will be found the choicest wines, liquors, ales, and cigars, while the rates, S'2.50 and $3 per day. are extremely moderate, with special terms for commercial men and permanent boarders, consid- ering the superior acconunodations. Mr. Bradley is a native of New- Haven, is highlj'Jregarded by the community, and has made hosts of friends owing to his kind and courteous manners and sterling in- tegrity. NEW HAVEN SAVINGS BANK, Orange Street.— This suc- cessful and reliable bank was organized to encourage all industrious persons to save a portion of their earnings or in- come, and thus accumulate a fund that may be available in sickness or old age. This bank also furnishes administrators, guar- dians, trustees of churches, lodges, and other societies a safe re- pository for their funds, where a moderate rate ot interest may be realized. Deposits are received ot one dollar or any larger sum. not exceeding in the aggregate for one person S5000. The manage- ment is strictly conservative, and advances of capital are always made strictly in accordance with the regulations. It is ably officereii. and its trustees include some of the most honorable, prudent, and suc- cessful men in the business community. Mr. Samuel P. Merniu, the president, is a gentleman whose sterling integrity and public spirited actions have won tor him an infiuential place among our public spirited citizens. The secretary and treasurer, Jlr. J. P. Tuttle. is an energetic able business man, eminently qnalifled for the impor tant trust reposed in him. The bank's ofl^ices are opened daily, ex- cept Sundays and holidays, from 9 a.m. to 'i P.M. 146 NEW HAVEN. NEW HAVEN STEAM SAW MILL COMPANY, Wholesale Dealers in Southern Pine, Cypress, Etc., No. 37:.' Chapel Street.— This is the most eminent lumber dealing and manu- facturing concern in New England. It was estahlished in 1854, and has had a growth of more than average volume and rapid ity, which reflects the highest credit upon its officers, viz.: Mr. Isaac Anderson, agent and treasurer, and Mr. George M. Baldwin, secretary. The company's yards and docks have a capacit}^ of fully seven million feet of logs, timber and lumber. The company is in regular receipt of large cargoes of Southern pine and cypress direct from the principal ports of Florida and North Carolina, and is pre- pared to offer tlie most substantial inducements both as to price and quality at wholesale. The company always carries several millions of feet in stock, and has special shipping facilities to all points in New England, easte: n New York, etc. Its mills are model establishments, and are fully equipped with tlie most improved machiner}', and afford employment to fifty hands in the sawing of building timber, plank and flooring, ceiling stuff, etc. Raft flooring is a prominent specialty, and the company has developed a trade of enormous magnitude with leading contractors, lumber merchants, dock builders, etc. The company supplies the bulk of the heavy timber for bridges, railroad, and dock purposes in this section. Mr. Isaac Andersou, who is a popular and rt-spected business man of marked executive ability, has the valued support of Mr. George M. Baldwin, as secretary, and the company is well worthy of retaining the representative position it holds in the trade. SPENCER & M.4TTHEWS, Paints, Oils, Etc.. Nos. 241 and 343 State Street.— The sale of painter-s' supplies, window glass, and d3*es and drugs for manufacturing purposes is of great magiutude. The growing taste for interior decoration has had much to do with this growth. A time-honored and reliable house engaged in this industry in New Haven is that of Messrs. Spencer & Matthews, at Nos. 241 and 2-13 State Street. This enterprise was inaugurated in 1825 by Messrs. Morse and Peterson, and was contin- ued by one or other of the members of the family of the original founders till the year 1871, when the plant was sold out to the pres- ent proprietors. They have had a very extended experience, and know how to supply the best class of goods at prices which no com- peting house can excel. Thej' occupy a four-story and basement brick structure, and the stock carried embraces a full and complete line of mixed and dry paints of the finest quality, white lead, oils, and varnishes of every description, and kindred painters' supplies. The business is of a wholesale character, and a verj' extensive and growing trade is done. This is a live, honorable, wide-awake house, and its proprietors have the highest of standings in the commercial comnMiDity. SS. THOMPSON & CO., Bakers, No. 149 York Street —A lead- ing bakery in New Haven is that of Messrs. S. S. Thompson & Co. It is the oldest in its line in the cit3'. It was origin- ally established in 1829 by Goreham & Ives, who were suc- ceeded in 1854 by the New Haven Bakery Company, and in 1869 by Twitchell & Thompson, In 1S75 Mr. Twitchell died, and Mr. S. S. Thompson then became sole proprietor. The premises occupied comprise a spacious store 55x150 feet in area, also a main three-story brick building 30x80 feet in size, and a three-story bakery in the rear, 30x70 feet in dimensions. All the latest machinery and appliances for mixing, sifting, and kneading are in use. There are eight brick improved ovens, and for the past three years Mr. Thompson has rented two extra ©vens in the adjoining building. Thirty bakers are employed, and a specialty is made of bread and cake. Only the finest grades of flour and other choice materials are used, and the bread and cake produced here are unsurpassed for quality, purity and uniform excellence, while the prices are the lowest in the trade. Five wagons are utilized filling orders, and the trade is steadily in- creasing. Mr. Thompson is a native of Connecticut, a liberal, energetic business man and a public-spirited citizen. He is an ex- alderman, and served on several occasions as acting ma3'or. He is a prominent Freemason, Oddfellow, Knight Templar, Knight of Honor, and a member of the Order of United Workmen. LEXANDER EMERY, Importer and Jobber of Teas, Coffees, and Spices, Etc.; Elm City Coffee and Spice Mills, Nos. 29 and 31 Crown Street.— This is a representative and one of the most reliable houses in New Haven extensively engaged in A the importation and wholesale trade in teas, coffees, spices, and fancy groceries. It was established in 1850 by George Steele, who was succeeded in 1870 by Steele & Emery, In 1886 Mr. Alexander Eraerj' became sole proprietor. The premises occupied comprise a spacious three-story brick and basement building. The coffee- roasting department is supplied with the latest improved appliances and machinery, operated by a. twelve horse-power steam engine. Mr. Emerj' has become noted for the purity, strength and flavor of his ground coffee and spices. He carries always a full stock of fresh crop Oolongs, Japans. Gunpowder, Imperial Young Hyson, English breakfast, and other standard teas. A specialty is made of coffees and spices, and in this respect no house stands higher. He also keeps constantly on hand full supplies of fancj- groceries, baking powder, dried fruits, canned goods, extracts, jellies, mustards, soaps. pickles, nuts, olive oil, sauces, tobacco, cigars, etc., of the best and most reliable quality. Mr. Emery employs fifteen persons. His trade extends throughout New England, and he is highly esteemed in business circles. JWOLCOTT & CO , House and Sign Painting, Graining, Wood Filling, and Paper Hangings. No. 87 Orange Street.— The paint and wall paper trade and painting and paper-hanging industry of New Haven is conducive in no small degree to the industrial and commercial thrift of the community. Probably the oldest house in this line is tha[ of Messrs. J. Wolcott & Co. It has had an uninterrupted existence of upwards of a half century, and has long been the leading house in its line. It was founded in 1837 by Mr. J. Wolcott, who in 1884 admitted Mr. C. J. Parnett to partnership. Both gentlemen are natives of the citj', and verj*^ popular. The firm occupy a store and basement, each 30x60 feet in dimensions and appropriately fitted up. The salesroom contains a heavy stock of paints, oils, varnishes, brushes, glass, etc. ; also a superior assortment of wall papers of the newest patterns and designs. Employing from twenty to twenty-five skilled mechanics, the firm execute house and sign painting, graining, wood filling, and paper hanging, and the best of satisfaction is guaranteed in all in- stances. FRIEND E. BROOKS, Hats, Trunks and Furs, No. 795 Chapel Street,— The business of this noted house was established in 1850 by Fairchild & Beers, who were succeeded in 1852 by J. N. Collins, in 1858 by Crofut & Co., and in 1876 by Stevens & Brooks. In 1887 Sir. F. E. Brooks became sole proprietor, and his trade, which is chiefly with the best classes of society, now extends throughout New Haven and its vicinity. The store is 30x120 feet iu area, and behind this is a large workshop, A well-selected assort- ment of silk hats, derbys, caps, fur goods uf every description, seal- skin sacques, jackets, gloves, also trunks, bags, etc., is displayed. Only the best and most reliable goods are handled, and a specialty is made of storing furs iu moth-proof chests. Mr. Brooks is agent in New Haven for Youman's celebrated hats. His goods will com- pete favorably with those of any contemporary first-class house in New England either in respect of quality or price. Mr Brooks is a native of New Haven Co.. is a popular member of the Chamber of Commerce, and a man of sound business principles and integrity. THE NEW HAVEN ELECTRIC COMPANY, No. 215 George Street.— New Haven is undoubtedly one of the best-lighted cities in America, its people having readily seized the oppor- tunities the electric system affords for the diffusion of light. The New Haven Electric Company alone supplies six hundred arc lights and between four thousand and five thousand incandescent lights throughout the city. In its works at No. 215 George Street can be foimd several engines of 1000 horse-power, which run dyna- mos of great force. Ail the latest machinery and devices are found here, and the company- is ever on the alert to secure newer and more efficient means in the perfection of its already powerful plant. The company employs seventy-five men, and has capacious works, 60x150 feet in extent, in the four-story brick building. The offices of the companj' are at the works. The company was incorporated June, ISSI. with the following officers: F. A. Gilbert, president; James English, secretary and treasurer; and Edgar K. Parker, superintendent. The company supplies li^ht to many public build- ings, manufactories, and stores, and is thoroughly alive to the best interests of its customers. NEW HAVEN. 147 FA. GATLIN. Cooperape Stock; Office. No. 225 Water Street.— A represeututiv© and the most extensive house in New ^ Haven actively engaged in the wholesale haudliup of cooperage stock is that of Mr. F. A. Catliu, whose yards, shops, and office are located on the premises Nos. 2:i5 and 227 Water Street and Nos. SGaud 88 Brewery Street. This business was estab- lished twenty years ajro by air. Catlin, who is a thoroughly practical exponent of this industry. The premises, which he has owned and occupied since 18S8, comprise a new four story and basement brick building:, 3i>xl20 feet in dimensions, and this is equipped with an im- mense Morse pattern elevator, and otherwise admirably appointed for the storaw of the different lines of goods handled, and the gen- eral, advantageous prosecution of the business. The stock embraces hoops, heading, bungs, etc.; also barrels of every description, hogs- heads, tierces, tubs, kegs, and kindred rf ceptacles- prices being quoted for the same which defy successful competition. Mr. Callin supplies packere, sugar refiners, millers, lime merchants, aud others throughout all sections of the state. He is a native of ConDecticut. an honorable and progressive business man, aud a worthy represen- tative of this great staple industry. WILLIAM A. SAWYER. Livery and Hack Stables, No. 66 High Street. — Mr. Sawyer founded this enterprise in 1885, and has since built up a substantial patronage. The build- ing is two stories high. 40x190 feet in size. The first tloor is utilized for horses and carriages, and the second for feed, sleighs, etc. The stables are well h'ghted and ventilated, and cleanly kept, and are in charge of efficient grooms and stablemen. Mr. Sawyer owns twenty-eight superior horses, and also boards several crack animals belonging to gentlemen in the city. He has a number of first class carriages, coupes, hacks, landaus, victorias, hansoms, buggies, etc., which can be hired along with horses, night or day, at moderate rates. Carriages are furnished promptly for balls, enter- tainments, theatres, etc.; and calls made either personally or by telephone are given immediate attention. Mr. Sawyer employs thirty-five men, and is considered one of the best judges of horses in the state, and is highly popular. The telephone call of the house is No. ea. LINSLEY, ROOT & CO,. Hardware. No. 33 Broadway.— One of the most prosperous houses engaged in the trade in general hardware in this city 'is that of Messrs. Linsley, Root & Co., which commands an extensive, first class trade. It was founded in 1889 by the present proprietors, and a substantial success has been achieved. A store and basement 20x80 feet in dimen- sions are occupied, and are admirably appointed throughout. The stock consists of a complete assortment of general hardware, wooden ware, baskets, brushes, manufacturers' and builders' supplies, mechanics' tools, carriage goods, farming implements, paints, oils, glass, etc., ail of first class quality and offered at bottom prices. Messrs. Linsley, Root & Co. are progressive merchants, who enjoy the confidence and good will of the entii-e community. FRED. WATTERSON, Hats, Caps, Etc., No. 785 Chapel Street — This attractive and elegantly fitted up store was opened by the present proprietor in 188S, and by clo.se attention to business he has built up a large and increasiug trade. The building is of brick and contains three floors and basement. The salesroom is fitted with a large aud extensive stock of hats, caps, fui-s. gloves, umbrellas, trunks, valises, bags, etc. The hats and caps displayed here are of the finest quality and are manufactured expressly for Mr. Watterson by the leading manufacturers. Every hat is war- ranted to be of the latest style, of the finest finish, of the best ma- terial, and to be a perfect fit. A specialty is made of silk hats, and Mr. Watterson blocks your hat while you wait. He is a native of Canada, and has resided in New Haven since 187G. Mr. Watterson is a prominent Freemason and is highly respected for his many excel- lent qualities and strict integrity. NEHRLICH, Dealer in Furniture and Stoves, No. Avenue.— This well known furniture, carpet, oil-cloth, bed- ding and stove warehouse is commodious, handsomely fitted up, and the stock displayed is one of the best selected and most complete in the city. Mr. Ehrlich is a native of Russia, and is a thoroughgoing, progressive merchant of rare business tact and executive ability. In 1881 he came to New Haven, and three years later established himself in business. In 1888 he removed to his present eligible premises. Mr. Ehrlich is a keen business man, aud by his able and equitable business methods has secured a large and substantial patronage. He carries an extensive stock of fur- niture, stoves, ranges, heaters, and house-furnishing goods of every description, all of which he offers at the lowest prices. Mr. Ehrlich is a prominent member of the Independent Order of the Sons of Judah, and an honorable, intelligent business man, WILLIA'.l H. COUCH, Dealer in Saddlery Hardware, Nos. 55 and 57 Orange Sti-eet.— Among the prominent well known dealers in saddlery hardware in the city there is probably none so well k?iown as Mr. William H. Couch. The busi- ness he is now conducting with such marked success was originated in 1872 by Kelsey & Couch, but since 1S86 it has been under his sole control and ownership. Many Improvements have been made by Mr. Couch in the premises, and the stock increased and the business extended. The premises occupied comprise basement and two floors, each 25x2rK) feet in area. Everj'thing in the way of saddlery hardware is carried in stock, also harness leather, horse clothing and turf goods in all grades and qualities. From five to seven as- sistants are employed. 3Ir. Couch sustains a high reputation, and is a Uberal, pubUc spirited citizen. Meriden Britannia Co., MERIDEN, CONN. GOI^D AND SII^VER PUTE. No. 891. -SATIN ENGRAVED COFFEE SET. NEW YORK, CHICAGO, ^^"^" xwx..., g^^ FRANCISCO, HAMILTON, ONT, LONDON, ENGLAND, p^j^^^ FRANCE. 148 , Meriden. JCUFYING a natural amphitheatre among the surroiinding hills, midway between the cities of Hartford and New Haven, nestles manufacturing Meriden, proud of her past, looking with coti- tidence to her future, — to-day one of the most progressive, go-ahead cities of the state. The story of lier progress, industries, and resources is, in fact, of interest to all to whom the activities and gains of business are a necessity or have a charm. The growth and development of this entire section of our country has been sometliing phenomenal, Meriden standing out in bold relief as but one among the many instances of progressive enterprise which have marked the onward course of the commonwealth of Connecticut. The ground on which the city now stands was a little over fifty years ago an insignificant farm ! The comparison to-day is bewildering, and a fitting commentary on the skill, financial ability, and enterprise of her people. To-day the farm-house has given place to the factory, the plough and harrow to the ponderous steam-hammer, and in every direction lines of railroad are seen threading their course to carry the fruits of manufacturing industry to a ready market. Telegraph lines facilitate communication, and over all religion spreads her peaceful mantle, education sheds her cheerinfr light, and a popular government secures for all equal rights. HISTORICAL. In view of the tender age of Meriden, when, as has been stated, some fifty years ago her site was a mere farm, such as pertains to her history may be summed up in a few words. Meriden was originally a society in the town of Wallingford, and was incorporated as a town in 1806. The society was formed in 1725. Accord- ing to Dr. Dana's Century Sermon, " It consisted at first of between 30 and 40 families. They had preaching only in the winter season for the first three years, and met in a jirivate house two winters. Their first meeting- house was built in 172". The Rev. Thcophilus Hall went to preach to them in December, 1828. The next year a churcii was gathered, and Mr. Hall vins ordained their pastor. Their second meeting-house was built in 175.5. Mr. Hall died there in 1767, in the sixtieth year of his age and thirty-eighth of his ministry. He was mnch esteemed as a preacher of great firmness and stability, and a zealous advocate for civil and religious liberty." TOPOGRAPHICAL. Meriden is bounded on the north by Berlin, east by Middletown, south by \\'allingford, and west by Cheshire and Southington. Its average length from east to west is five miles, and its average breadth four and one half miles. The township is hilly, and some sections of it are mountainous. The Middletown and Walling- ford range of mountains or hills passes through the eastern border of the town. Of this range Mount Lamenta- tion, which is in the northeastern part of the township, is the most elevated. The soil in the town is a gravelly and sandy loam, and is considerably fertile, producing grass, grain, etc. The Quinnipiac river passes through the southwestern part of the town, and several of its branches run through the interior. 149 150 MERIDEN INDUSTRIAL. It is an admitted fact that the true foundation of a city's prosperity is its manufacturing industries. A prosperity based exclusively upon a commercial foundation must necessarily be ephemeral. A city which, for instance, depends upon any one or more of the great agricultural staples for support, for business, and for growth, is liable to become paralyzed in her energies and interests, not only by failure in the production of such staples, but from their diversion to other points whose eligibility gives them the advantage and preference as markets. Such also are the fluctuations in prices of articles of produce that no certainty of successful operations can be relied on, and when uncertain, feverish, and exciting speculation underlies the business of any community, there is no guarantee of permanent and stable prosperity and substantial growth ; whereas, where manufacturing is FROM earned on succtssfullv tl i i'. tc ih,li( ilthy, and substantial growth Illnstiations of this tiuth are abundant thioughout Connecticut, and Meriden unquestionably owes lier importance, both present and future, to her manufacturing industries. Managed by upwards of fifty different companies and firms, Meriden is turning out huge quantities of piano and organ Iveys, organs, combs, liouse-trimminffs, shirts, hardware, lamps, steel pens, cutlery, and britannia and plated ware. The chief of these is the Meriden Britannia Company, whose main building, 466 X 40, may be seen close to the track on the right, near the railroad station. The Company has three more large shops, and in them employs a force of some five hundred men. The basis of the manufacture of the Meriden Britannia Company is nickel, albata, and white metaF. Upon these substances the electro-plat- ing is done by a process which gives a silver or gold finish, as the case may be, of the mo.st enduring character. MERIDEN. -151 COMMERCIAL. Meriden is fast becoming the centre of a large and important local trade, being located in the midst of a large agricultural district, of which it is the leading source of supply for many important lines of trade. Its business houses are conducted by some of the best-known and most influential citizens of Meriden, who are energetic, wide-awake, and enterprising in securing supplies in their trade, and are important factors in building up the name and fame of Meriden as an important trade centre. This condition of affairs gives every assurance of steady, substantial growth and permanent prosperity. FINANCIAL. With such diverse and important interests within her midst it may rightly be inferred that ample banking facilities are not lacking in Meriden. There are\hrce national banks and two savings banks, as follows: First National Bank (capital ^500,000), Home National Bank (capital $600,000), Meriden National Bank (capital i!:?00,000). The savings institutions are the City Savings Bank and ileriden Savings Bank. EDUCATIONAL. The schools of Meriden have ever been regarded as among the best in the comnionwealtli of Connecticut. They are very numerous, and we may safely -say that up to the entrance of the university it is needless for any parent of Meriden to seek training for his sons or daughters elsewhere than in the public schools. What they may lack it is the purpose of the city to furnish, what they may do it is its purpose to do excellently, while in the breadth and extent of their instruction it is its ambition to have thera unexcelled, for it believes the public sciiool to be the most powerful social factor in promoting its own material, moral, and intellectual well-being, and in magnifying and ennobling the gift of citizenship. There are thirteen district schools in Meriden, which are supplemented l^v the St. Rose Catholic School and the Convent of Mercy ; here also is located the celebrated State Reform School, one of the best Mgulated reformatorial institutions of its type in the country. ECCLESIASTICAL, In all of New England's cities it will be noted that one of the tirst jj-jblic enterprises was to found a place of public worship in their midst. Their descendants have been equally mindful of providing adequately for the community tlie facilities for religious exercise. Meriden has some thirteen churches, belonging to the various denominations, and many of these edifices arc fine, substantial structures, and splendid specimens of a high order of ecclesiastical architecture. MUNICIPAL. The government is vested in a Mayor, Board of Aldermen, Board of Councilmen, and Coniuiitt^e of the Common Council; the city being divided into four wards, each furnishing two Aldermen and four Coun- cilmen as their respective representatives. Ordinances must be concurred in by both branches of the council, and are then subject to the approval of the M.ayor. The police are appointed and removable by the Mavor, subject to the approval of the Common Council, and with the condition that the ward constables elect shall be included among the appointees. The experiment of non-partisanship in the School Board and Fire Depart- ment has greatly commended the introduction of that element into the entire administration of municipal affairs ; and one of the subjects now attracting the attention of business men, property-holders, and substantial citizens generally, is whether the moral and material interests of the city would not be greatly enhanced by the organization of a movement to elect and conduct the entire administration of municipal affairs on a purely non- partisan basis ; and witliout regard to any of the political distinctions prevailing in county, state, or federal affairs. Besides the Mayor, who has jurisdiction to summarily commit a class of petty offenders, there are likewise seventeen Justices of the Peace. SOCIAL. In the amusements of the people and the means for recreation Meriden is a city of great attractions. For despite the ascetic temperament of the Puritan founders of this section of the country, his descendant of a younger generation is bv no means inclined to pin his faith on the system of " all work and no play ;" nor, as has been invidiously ascribed to the founders of the Puritan colony, simply "to worship God in liis own way and find fault with other peoples'." To-day the New Enii'lander is essentially an amusement-loving and amusc- ment-cnjoving individual, and in consequence Meriden is well urovidcd with places where licr hard-workina' 152 MERl D E N. citizens can obtain rest and enjoyment when tlie labors of tlio day are over. Foremost among these are the various social societies and clubs, prominent among which rant the Musical Association, Charlotte Cushmaii Dramatic Society, Meriden Rifle Club, and numerous other coteries which tend to make up the complement of Meriden's social and recreationary attractions. RESIDENTIAL. As a place of residence aiso Meriden has many attractions. The location is a deliohtful one. atiu its eligibility in this regard has had much to do with the development of its resources. The sanitary condition of the city is in the highest degree croditable, and as a result the death-rate is low. Rents are reasonable and the savings banks furnish the means for the easy acquisition of homes, and it has been aptly remarked by a fluent writer on this subject: "To the hard-worked man nothing affords greater relief, gives greater strength for the daily struggle, than the ability in one moment to turn his back upon the din and turmoil and dust and con- fusion, — the inevitable concomitant of busy quarters, — and from his hill-side cottage breathe the pure air of heaven, with one of the most perfect of earth's pictures stretched before his eye." Meriden again unites the benefits of town and country. Her population (some 20,000) being considerable, is suited for social intercourse, and for all the purposes of the concentration of mankind in towns. But it is not to natural advantages alone that Meriden owes her popularity. Religion, the recognition of God as an object of worship, love, and obe- MERIDEN 153 •«iience, the corner-stone on which our civilization rests, calling out as it does the best that is in us, must occupy ji i)lace in every man's thoughts. Whatever form of Christian belief one may hold, lie can bo reasonably sure -of finding some of his household of faith established in this city, ready to welcome him into kindly sympathy. Again, tiic. opportunities for echication arc admittedly ample in every New England city; but here in Mcriden especially admirable educational advantages arc afforded for both sexes and for all ages. Her people arc literary, refined, and cultured ; her broad streets teem with the life of trade, and on every hand are the evidences of wealth, contentment, and lu.\ury. She is a thoroughly metropolitan city, under excellent government, witli im efficient police force, a well-trained fire department, and everything necessary for an orderly maintenance of the peace. With her large and increasing population, her populous surrounding country, her business, both •wholesale and retail, and her many advantages, hero briefly pointed out, Meriden affords a splendid field for tlie capitalist and tlio manufacturer in which to locate as a base of operations for every channel of trade, offer- ing the most brilliant prospects for tlie future to the investor, and affording in her educational, moral, social :iiid sanitary advantages an eminently desinible place for residence. In the series of descriptive articles which follow, wc have endeavored to make concise and appropriate mention of the well-established, important, and deserving mercantile and manufacturing houses of Meriden, feelinjr that so much of recognition is due to those whose industry, energy, and capital are enlisted in building up the city's material interests, and developing and maintaining lier commercial supremacy. Only those estab- lishments whose reputations are above suspicion have been mentioned, and if the list is incomplete it is not because of any bias on the part of editors or publishers. THE H. WALES LINES COMPANY, Mason Builders and Con- tractors, H Wales Lines, President; F. L. Hamilton, Secretary. No. 8 Perkins Street. — The numerous large, prominent and handsome buildingrs erected during the last few years in Meriden and its vicinity have done much towards advancing the building and contracting industry to its present prosperous con- the development and perfection "f this ti-uly wonder- ful instrument. The company is one of the mi>sl valued of Uleri- den's indusrri:il corporations, ami has an immense establish mt nt , covering an an-a of two acres. Tin- factories are of brick, four and stnnnents m one height, fully equipjied with the- latest improved machiner}' and appliances, tm i)y steam power, and ai*e without excep- the finest organized and most peifectly fitted up organ factory in the United States, ompany employs upwards of 200 hands in the various departments, and is driven to its full capacity to supply the growing demand for these unrivalled instruments. The Wilcox & \\ hite Self plaj mg Organs are really two in- Thej hav full sets of the most powerful reeds, nil Ipte k \bmrl Utachel '^n that the performer has the 01}, an facilities Theie iie tnll sits of stops, with which the most compli- cated gradations of expression can be introduced in the music. In addition and above and beyond all other makes is the Pneumatic Symphony, by means of which everybody, no matter if utterly ignorant of music can perform the most difficult pieces, fast or slow, in the most perfect and able manner by simp- ly working the blow peda's. The music rolls out. rich, soft, and sweet, and is a surprise and a perpetual source "f delight and l".'nefitt<.all. Tlie intomatic music < .in he readily ad- justed even by a child, while the po\\ei IS greater, expression and effects produced fai more satis- factf-y ihan on 'in\ legidar or- ^an Thus the A\ilcov & White organ Is a neces- sity in every home in the land ; they are invalu- able in schools, colleges, ball MERIDEN 155 rooms, loilpe rooms, and churches, enabling nny one to conduct ihe or^jan part of the most difflcjilt service. To the accom- pUshed performer this pneumatic orRau affords the most wonderful enlargement of power, as he can automatically play the piece, while using the keyboard to bring out the most com- plicated variations. The company has an inimense library of sacred, classical, operatic, and popular music to select from, and is con- stantly adding to same. Its instruments are beautiful and ornate in appearance, finished in the most elaborate manmr, having twenty or more stops, and with numerous sets of reeds, all at the command of the operator, so that the volume and effect of the music is or- chestral. In addition Ihe company manufacture all classes of or- gans for church, chapel, school, or home use, having an actual de- mand at all times, taxing their factory to the utmost capacity. As their endeavor always has been to give the very best article in qual- ity and style that it is possible to produce with skilled labor and perfect facilities— and their rapidly increasing business attests that this is the true policy, and the only one resulting in mutual satis- faction— they therefore pledge themselves to the continuation of it. They have agencies in all the principal cities and towns of the United States as well as foreign countries, aud under the skilled and judicious management of the Messrs^ White the company has achieved the great success of the age in musical instruments, and its factory is one of Meridens most valued and beneficial industries. An invitation is extended to any and all to visit this model estab- lishment, whether thej* desire to purchase or not, and all are wel- come. THE CELEBRATEdToCHESTER LAMP. ITS PLACE OF MANUFACTURE. No. 3801. In nothing is this age more re- markable than in the adaptation of art to the common things of life. Formerly a lamp was made to give light, and this first principle was attained more or less effectively, without the slightest regard to the secondary but hardly less important fact that these useful instruments might be models of beauty as well as of Xo. -J,'!.- Piano Lamp. utility. To this desirable end Edward Miller & Co. of Merideu, have contributed effectively, the lamps made at the factory of this company being especially not^d for their beauty of form and artistic decoration. That lamp pictured on their trade card (a handsome piece of art itself), the *' Roch- ester." is one that will attract the eye of the artist instanter, and shows better than a volume of writing could tell the height to which the culture in common things of life has reached. It is especially fitting to note this, because the sneer of the utilita- rian hasl'Wig since lost its point. Nothing is today more practical than sentiment, the art of adorning conmion things of the house- hold. If any doubt, the fact that Edward Miller & Co, employ 7.50 men in the production of these goods would satisfy even Gradgrind himself that there is an intensely practical side to it. In 1884 there were some central draught lamps on the market, but they were fitful in rtame and unsafe. Edward Miller & Co. took the matter in hand, and produced after great labor in experimenting the celebrated "Rochester Lamp," which at once witli phenomenal success won its way into every home, ntjt only by the enterprising push of the company, but by its elegance of innnufactnre, its sim- plicity of construction, and its welcome and perfect light. The Edward Miller Company was established in 18+i, and incor- porated in I8()(), with a capital of $250,000. Its ofiHceis are Ed- ward Miller, as president, and Edward Miller, Jr., as secretary and treasurer; Benjamin C. Kennard, assistant treasurer. The business of the company lias steadily grown, necessitating a fi-equeiit enlargement of the buildings At present they consist of an elegant five-story brick block (the main building) 50x300 feet in dimensions, with other buildings adjoining, covering a large area in the endeavor to find elbow room for the ever increasing business of the company, T*ie trade of the firm covers a wide area, antl makes the whole of the American continent tiibutary to it^ far-reacliing influence. All over the United States it has extended, and, reaching out yet further, it has established itself in South America, where a resident finds ample occupation and plenty of business in the Argentine Re- public. The same is true of Australia. In like manner Europe, Asia, and "the islands of the sea " find the business of this firm in the lead of its line, competing on more than equal terms with the best that the Old World can offer. Mr. Miller was the first man to make kerosene burners and to take advantage of the adaptability of petroleum products, and the factory turns out .yearly an immense product of burners, from the cheapest old style to the heavy Duplex Burner and the far famed Niagara, a central draft burner equalling in intensity of light that of the famous Rochester Lamp itself. lu connection with their burner business has grown up a remarkable trade in all kinds of chandeliers, library lamps, piano laihps, brack- ets, onyx top tables, study lamps— in shoit, in every branch con- nected materially therewith. A feature of the company's manufac- tiu'e deserves more than a passing mention here. It is that of metal and decorated cigar lighters, embodied in a large vai-iety of pleas- ing forms, from the quaint aud curious only to the artistic and graceful ideas of form and beauty of material and construction. The diversity in stjMe can be inferred, in some degree, by the fact that the illustrated catalogue of these specialties alone contains up- wards of 150 different styles, prices to correspond, yet so low that no cigar store is too poor or need lack taste in this little detail. Mr. Ed- ward Miller, the enterprising president of this company, occupies a leading position in the busy and thriving city of Meriden. In addi- tion to the onerous duties of president of the noble enterprise which bears his name, he is director of the Heme National Bank, aud also- of the Meriden Savings Bank. His son, Mr. Edward Miller, Jr.. the secretary and treasurer, has been raised in the business, and there is no detail so small as to be passed over by his trained eye, and no progress so rapid that he will not be in the lead. The New York offices of the concern are at Nos. 10 and 12 Colle^^e Place, and Bos- ton is represented at No. 38 Pearl StJ'eet. THE MERIDEN NATIONAL BANK, No. 59 East Main Street.— The time honored Meriden National Bank is one of the leading among the most popular, substantial financial institutions in the State. From its inception its career has been marked by an enterprising, though conservative, pohcy and it has deen controlled by men prominerftly concerned in the industrial development of the trade and commerce of this community. It was originally incor- porated in 1833 as a state bank and was conducted as such until 1865, when it was reorganized under the National Banking Act, since when its reputation has become widely extended and a surplus accumu- lated amounting to S8.',000. Its officers and directors are all well and favorably known, and represent in a high degree the commer- cial and manufacturing enterprise and opulence of the city. These gentlemen are Isaac C. Lewis. Levi E. Coe, Charles Parker, O. B. Arnold, John Ives. George IT. "\Vilco.v, W. W. Lyman and J. L. Bil- lard. The cashier. Mr Arnold, has for many years been connected with the bank and sustains a high reputation in this community. A general banking business is carried on. loans negotiated, discoxmts granted, deposits received, and collections made on all points throughout the United Slat.-s and Canada. Such being a brief account of the Meriden National Bank, it is safe to asseverate that no contemporaneous fiduciary institution in this city has obtained a larger measure of success, or is better entitled to the high estimatr.ni in which it is held by the public. la(j M E R I D E N . THE MERIDEN BRITANNIA CO., Meriden, Conn., U.S.A., MANUFACTURERS OF GOLD AND SILVER PLATE AND 1847 ROGERS BROS. ® SPOONS. FORKS, ETC. Tlie Meriden Britannia Company ranks amid the largest con cerns in the world of anj- kind, and in its own line it is not ex- ceeded by any. It is one of those manufacturing enterprises which extends its influence, and draws tribute from all the world, meeting the best of old world makers in its line on their own ground, and wresting the supremacy of trade from them. One would naturally fall into the language of superlatives in treating of this company, and yet the simple statement of a few facts will be found of more account than columns of extended de- scription. Let us take them in order. It is the larfre-st industry in the city, and one which has done more to make .Meriden the centre of New England manufacturing than any other. Its build- ings comprise immense four and five story brick e»lifices on both sides of State Street, with bridge connections at the third stories, equipped with numberless machines of the most ingenious con- struction, and it employs 1100 people. Its capital is $1,100,000. To- day its plant is worth $20,000,000, and it turns out over 4000 articles. Aiound it has sprung up a village of operatives, whose thrift and energy have made Meriden a characteristic Xew England commu- nity, and whose investments are constantly adding to the beauty and convenience of the place. The trade of the company is world- wide, as may be seen by the agencies it has established, from which radiates an influence which has set the companv in the lead of the world's great enterprises. In Hamilton, Ont.. it has a branch fac- tory to supply the trade : and it has magnificent salesrooms in New York on Union Square: at No. 147 State Street. Chicago; No. 1.34 Sutter Street, San Francisco; and on Wood Street, Cripplegate Lon- don. Eng., and No. 26 Avenue de TOp^ra, Paris. The variety and c-ctentof its manufactures baffles description. Allusion has' been made to the 4000 different articles produced. One cannot adequate- ly present the outline of the splendid factor}- bv mere words, as springing from the main building in all directions'ar* further build- jngs, grouped on a space of more than two acres. Turning to the product of the company, the same immensity confronts the observer All articles of tableware usually included as of gold and silver plate are set forth in their splendid catalogue, which, it must be added, is, in its fine blue and silver cover and wealth of illustration, a fine specimen of printing. In all this infinite variety of articles there is one feature running through all— the artistic quality of the design and finish. The gold and silver plate is of the choicest kind, in all variety of form and artistic grace, while the line of ware adapted for presentation puiposes is almost bewildering in its scope. Let it be realized, if possible, that 4000 articles, from button hooks to choicest gold and silver sets, are made here, and it will be seen that no adequate description is po.ssible. The catalogue, with its estimated 1000 illustrations, may afford some help to the trade, but its itispection is almost bewildering. A feature of the company, however, should receive notice. It is the exclusive owner of the trademark for knives, forks, and spoons of " IMT-Eogers Bros.," the great value of which has led to such extensive imitating by- other manufacturers. The prefix '- 15MT," however, distinguishes this company's goods. The officers of this great company are: Piesident, I. C. Lewis, elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of H. C. Wilcox (Aug. 35. 1800): treasurer, George E. Curtis: sec- retary, Geo. H. Wilcox: assistant treasurer, Geo. M. Curtis. Mr. I. C. Lewis is also the superintendent. He is the president of the Meriden Safe Deposit and Trust Company; and director, trus- tee, vice-president, or has some interest in nearly all the banks and similar institutions in town; and a leader in all that makes Meriden a centre of enterprise and mechanical skill. Mr. Geo. E. Curtis is president of the Chapman Manufacturing Com- pany, director of the Home National Bank, trustee of the Meriden Savings Bank, etc. Mr. George H. Wilcox is also prominently asso- ciated with the leading interests of the tow-n. 3Ir, Geo. M. Curtis, the son of Mr. Geo. E., is a young man who has grown up in the business. M H R 1 D R N , 157 MERIDEN SILVER PLATE COMPANY —The leading iimnu- faetory uf electro-sil9er plated ware in the United States is that of the .Meriden Silver Plate Company, whose factory is located at Meriden, Conn. The extensive demand that has been created for the company's (rooils, not only in all sections of the Unitetl States, but also in Canada, Central and South America. Great Britain, the contment of Europe, and Australia, is the best proof of their excellence, and that they are the best silver plated Roods yet placed upon the market. The Meriden Silver Plate Com- pany was incorporated in 1870 with larpe capital, the following gen- tlenian Ix-inc at present the officers, viz.: George R. Curtis, presi- dent; Robert H. Ciu-tis. secretary and tr.-i.'^iirer; WiUraui R.Maeliiiy. 30 East Fourteenth Street, and in Chicago, III. at Xos. ISS and K:> Wabash Avenue. THE BRECKENRIDGE MANUFACTURING COMPANY, Gas Fixtures and Metal Goods, Corner North George and Mechanic Streets.— A successful and representative concern in Meriden actively engaged in the manufacture of gas fixtures and art metal goods is that known as the Breckenridge iilamifacturing Company, whose factory is ICHjated corner North George and Mechanic streets. This company was incorporated i:i May, 18H6, and was reorganized in Jlay, 1890, with a paid up capital of $40,000, the executive officers being Mr. J. H. Converse, president, and Mr. E. D. Ilall. secretary and treasurer. The pren-.iscs occupied comprise a superintendent. The works are spacious and are admirably equipped with the latest improved appliances, apparatus, and machinery requisite for the successful prosecution of this artistic industry. They manufacture and sell a full line of electro silver plated ware of the finest quahty, using hard white metal and nickel silver as a base, while at the same time always aiming to combine utility w-ith unique and elegant designs. The company produces in great variety brushes and combs, hand and triplicate or folding mirrors, candela- bras. cigars, cabinets, smoking sets, inkstands, flasks, manictire sets. etc. Their staple goods include tea and coffee services and sets, ice pitchers (with patent porcelain lining i, cake baskets, butter dishes. baking dishes, fruit stands, salad and pimch bowls, urns trays, etc , which are general favorites with the trade and a critical public, owing to their superiority, reliability, and intrinsic merits. The knives, forks, and spns made by the company are used largely in all parts of the country, in hotels, clubs, steamboats, cars, etc., where hard sen-ice is required, giving always entire satisfaction. Only artists of long experience and talent are employed in the de- partment of design, which enables the compan.t to produce articles in a style conforming to the highest rules of art. Their stock pos- sesses ail the elements of real silver for beauty and fiuish. in fact it cannot be distinguished from it. They are also glass cutters in rich patterns of table ware, which glass is utilized also extensivelv in com- bination with electro plate. The company has representatives and agents in many foreign markets, and quotes prices for all goods that uecessaiily attract the attention of careful and prudent buyers. They employ at their works ;-tOO skilled workmen, and their estab- lishment is an important industrial acquisition to Meriden. The TRADE MARK company's trademark is stamped upon all its goods, and is an abso lute guarantee of quality. The salesrooms in New York are at No. brick foundry, 50x100 feet in area, with two commodious frame build- ings in the rear. The various departments are fully equipped with the latest improved apparatus, machinery and appliances requisite for the successful prosecution of this artistic industry. Here sixty- five skilled workmen are constantly employed, and the machinery is driven by steam power. The company manufactures gas, electric and combmation fixtures, imitation wrought iron fenders, and- irons fire sets. etc. Its specialties in gas fixtures for the drawing room, library and all parts of mansions, churches and houses are unrivalled for design, fine finish, durability and artistic excellence, while the prices quoted for all goods are as low as the lowest. Messrs. Converse and Hall, the officers, are honorable and enterpris- ing business men, justly meriting the substantial success achieved in this important and artistic industry. Mr. Hall is a director of the City Savings Bank and is one of Merideu's public spirited citizens. IVES, UPHAM & BAND, Dry and Fancy Goods.— This business was founded in 1847 by Mr. John Ives, who successfully con- ducted the business luitil ISB."), when Messrs. C. L. Upham and P. C. Rand were admitted partners; and from that date it has never waned, but has been steadily growing and ex])anding, and to- day the establishment is the largest of its kind in the city. The store, which has an area of forty by two hundred feet, is a model of convenience, and in its arrangement admirably adapted in every pj rticular for the purposes of the business. It contains an unusually fine line of staple and fancy dry goods of eveiy description: also cloaks and shawls, cai-pets, oil cloths, upholstery and house furnish- ing goods, embracing in the assortment new beautiful styles and pat- terns in dress fabrics and silks, also notions, trimmings, gloves, hosiery, laces, white goods, woollens, and all kinds of domestics. All these goods are purchased direct from the leading manufacturers and importers, and are sold at the lowest possible prices. A number of intelligent gentlemen are constantly employed to attend to tl-.e wants of patrons. Mr. Ives is a time honored merchant and a director of the Meriden Bank Note Company. Jlr. Upham is vice president of the City Savmgs Bank. All the members of the firm are gentlemen of the highest reputation and standing, and ju.stly merit the success which has resulted from their well directed efToit-s. 158 MERIDEN PARKER BROS., Manufacturers of the Parker Gun.— There is no village in the civilized world having two or nioi-e sports- men, men who delight in the sports of the field and who know of no amusement or recreation so entrancing as to fol- Jow •• one of the best dogs in the world," (and they all have them), but what has heard of the Parker gun; and one might search many a day to find a man who would be willing to sell his Parker gun at the price paid for it. The fact is, the Parker gun is a standard of its own, a weapon which has filled a unique place, and which stands to- day without a rival as the best gun of American manufacture. Af- ter thirty years' experience in the manufacture of breech loading firearms, Parker Bros, have reached this enviable position. Their specialty is presented to the public as a perfect weapon, in one re- spect alone obviating an objection only too common to breech load- ing weapons, that of their missing fire. What an exasperating ex- perience for a sportsman, to be sure of his game and have his gun fail at the puU of the trigger! The Parker gun never misses fire. All of the guns are thoroughly tested before they leave the factory, and all bear a tag giving the record at the target. The Parker gun may be found at all the leading gun stores in this country, or they may be ordered from the factory. All the parts of the Parker gun are interchangeable, and can be ordered with perfect confidence, the thorough workmanship and the delicate machineiy making this :an absolute certainty. The business of the Parker Bros, practically began in 1860, when Parker, Snow, Brooks & Co. were manufactur- ing guns for diaries Parker. In 1868 the present enterprise was started. It is now located in a series of brick buildings, of one, two, three, and four stories, standing on ground of over two acres iu extent. The factory is situated on the line of railroad, so the ship- ping facilities enjoyed by the firm are excellent. About 850 people are employed, and it goes without saying that the quality of these ■workmen is of the best. The factory is one of the best . j ■ ppe 1 n the world, some of the most inti-icate, ingenious, delicate an i ex ipensive machinery ever devised being in use therein. ■ This is not to be wondered at, foe the guns are standard .at home and abroad, and no possible deviation from its high reputation is permitted. In addition to the ;guns, the firm of Parker Bros, manufacture and keep In large supply shot gun implements, cases, etc., of all kinds, made in the thorough manner of the latest devices and of the best materials, and in fact all that is necessary for the equipment of the expert shot or the hunter. "Simple, durable, and effective" is a motto which applies not only to the guns, but i» every article made by this popular firm. M H R I D H iN 159 THE CHARLES PARKER COMPANY. Manufacturers of Art Brass Goods, Chaudflitrs, Lamps, Etc., Etc.; also Hardware, Ci»ffee Mills. Vises. Etc— One of the oldest and most import- ant industrial enterprises in New England is that known AS the Charles Parker Company, whose olTice and factor-ies are lo- cated in Meriden. Conn. This extensive business was founded in 1833 by Charles Parker, who conducted it till ISTT, when he incor- porated it with a paid up capital of §500,000. Mr. Parker's first en- terprise was the manufacture of coffee mills. Mr. Parker being not only his own salesman and hookkcper, but giving a great part of his time to the supervision of his works, which at ihnt time consisted of one small building. His indomitable energy was crowned with success, and in the course of years one thine after another was added to his line, until at the present time his company are manu- facturers of the justly celebrated Parker's *' National" and " Eagle" coffee mills. Parker's vises of all varieties. Parker's cabinet locks. "United Stages Screw Company's" gimlet pointed wood screws. The Parker lamp, made for nearly every known purpose, and war- ranted to be unsurpassed for light giving qualities and in simplicity of construction, together with a large line of artistic bras** goods, such as tables, easels, cabinets, hall racks, piano stools, chairs, fire sets, and coal hods. The trade of this company is by no means con- fined to the United States and Canada, but extends to Cential and South America, the West Indies, Europe, and Australia. The works have an area of several acres and give employment to nearly 1000 hands, and the various departments are fully equipped with the latest improved tools, machinery-, and appliances. The company's goods are unsurpassed for quality, reliability, and excellence. The officers of the company are Charles Parker, president; Charles E Parker, vice-president; Dexter W. Parker, treasurer; Wm. H. Lyon, secre- tai-y ; and it is a well known fact that these gentlemen are always on the alert when any laudable enterprise is presented to their notice, there being very many industrial and banking institutions bearing their names as either officers or directors. In fact, it may be well to note that the company own a controlling iriterest in the Meriden ■ Curtain Fixture Company, and are sole owners of the Parker & Whipple Company, who manufacture the celebrated miniature clocks bearing the brand P in a diamond. They also own the gun business of Parker Brothers.referred to on opposite page of this issue. The New York salesrooms of the company are located at No. 97 Chambers Street and extend through to No. 79 Reade Street. All the various industries of the company are shown there, and Intend- ing piu'chfisers in any of their lines of trade would do well to pay them a visit before placing orders. 160 M E R I D E N . THE MERIDEN BRONZE COMPANY is another uf tlie many exemplars of the art of beautifying" common things, which is such a feature of American industry and which has exer- cised so much inrtuenoe on the national cliaracter. The specialties of the Meriden Bronze Company are artistic lamps-, art metal goods of popular patterns, cabinet hardware of desir- able styles, call bells, fire tone. The designs of all these goods, like the finish, are unsurpassed. A glance at the finely illustrated catalogue which the company issues to the trade shows this to the most casual observer. In it the basal principle of a bell is retained through modifications of the apparently intractable sub- ject that are a source of wonder. In ornamentation the greatest taste and discernment are apparent, showiugithat the true artist has been present: and in shape one is surprised to find how subtle and yet effective changes can be rung on the dome shape, from the perfect half circle to a form almost square at the base. Perhaps the most effective is the first (No. 795), the curves of which suggest such har- monious simpHcity as israrelj' seen, and which to the eye capable of appreciating form is more effective than if it had been covered with elaborate ornamentation. As much variety of treatment is met in the handles. It is in the table gougs, perhaps, that the artistic ver- satility is seen to the best advantage, the unique figures 8150, 8175. and 8125 suggesting a bold departure from received methods, at once pleasing and ornamental. This is seen to especial advantage in the magnificentline of piano, banquet, and table lamps, in all finishes and of wrought iron. The graceful forms must be seen to be thoroughly appreciated. The company, it is conceded, produces a more varied and elegant line in goods of the best tlesigu, finish, and tone than any other in the business, and their prices are such as to command the instant attention of the ti-ade. The company was organized July 17, 1882, with a capital of $50,01)0. At first a modest business only was done with casters and furniture trimmings, etc., but the company soon grew into note. In this leading line of cabinet hard- ware the artistic resources of the company have been drawn upon with splendid effect. In their treatment of the cabinet hardware, the common forms of utility take on pleasing and quaint shapes. What, for instance, could be more quaint than the pillory bai-s, in which the head and hands of a criminal are placed, and from which the drawer pull depends, in figures 660 and 661 ? Or what more artis- tic than No. 450, with its Egyptian head crowning the centre? About 220 designs are here shown of drawer handles, and then the list of articles has hardly begun. There are escutcheons in bewildering variety; ring, bar, and knot handles; toilet screws of quaint and beautiful designs; shelf and other brackets in elegant design ; candle brackets, towel racks, commodes, hat pins, umbrella arnis, furniture posts, polished rods and tubing; towel stands, umbrella stands, easels in all varieries. styles, and finish; and other articles too nu- merous to mention, in all of whicli the artistic quality is as noticeable a« the mechanical strength to which it is wedded. The work of the company is carried on in a fine series of buildings on the line of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, consisting of five brick and three or four frame buildings, covering an irregular triangular space which may be figured as of 200 feet at the base, 350 and 250 feet at the sides, and 25 feet at the apex. It is fitted with the best of machinery and with every appliance for the systematic and eflScient making of their wares. About 175 persons are employed. The officers of the company are: H, B. Allen, president; A. H. Jones, treasurer; W. E. Gard secretary. All are go-ahead business men, of middle age, and alive to all the business possibilities before them. The New York salesrooms of the company are at No. 30 Park Place. THE WINTHROP ON^ PRICE CLOTHING COMPANY. E. O. Puffer. Manager, No. 40 Colony Street.— The Winthrop One Price Clothing Company is one of the largest and most relia- ble clothing companies in this state. This business was es- tablished in 1886 by Messrs. A. W. Fisher and Company, and in 1S87 as the above named company. The premises occupied comprise a superior store, 25x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged and equipped with every convenience for the display of goods and the comfort of patrons. The goods carrie*! include ready made clothing of every description for men. youths, boys and children. They are made of the best material, in the latest style, and selected with care and judgmeut. The company also deal in gents" furnishing goods, nats. caps, etc., and are sole agents for the celebrated " Miller" silk hat, which is universally sold all over the Union. Nothing of an in- ferior quality of goods is sold by this company, and their goods are equal in every respect to custom work. They guarantee fit. style, tinish, durability, elegance and fashion, and their goods are unsurpasssed by those of any other house in this city for quality and price. The individual members of tne company are Messrs. C. R. Greenough and E. F. Fisher. Both gentlemen are highly respected for their business abilities and strict integrity. The Winthrop One Price Clothing Company is ably managed by Mr. E. C. Puffer, who is greatly esteemed by the community for his many excellent qcah- ties and strict probity, and the large business of this house is due solely to the careful and intelligent management of Mr. Puffer. THE NEW ENGLAND BROWN STONE COMPANY, Cromwell; Levi E. Coe, Vice-president; E. B. Cowles, Secretary; H. Wales Lines, Chaii-man Executive Committee. — A repre- sentative and one of the most surcessful concerns in this section is that known as The New England Brown Stone Company. of Cromwell. Middlesex County, Conn. This company was organized in 1888 under the laws of Connecticut with large capital, and its trade, which is rapidly increasing, now extends throughout the entire United States. They are owners of a splendid stone quarry at Crom- well, Conu., which is connected with the Meriden, Waterbuiy and Connecticut River Railroad. Here they own sixty acres of stone lands. and their docks have 2i-H}0 feet of frontage on the Connecticut River, The quarry is fully equipped with modern appliances, operated by steam power, and 200 workmen are constantly employed. The com- pany's brown stone has no superior in America, and the reputation it hasacq-iired among builders and experts has advanced its sale to a point that for a time made it difficult to fill orders. Latterly, how- ever, the company has greatly increased its facilities, and orders are now filled on time at very reasonable prices. The company turns out to order blocks, posts, lintels, door sills, platforms, area, ashler, coping, fiags, window stuff, water tables, etc., also good sound stone for storehouses, forts, wharves, bridges, railroad work, likewise rubble and other stone suitable for church work. Thecom- pany maintains its principal business office at Cromwell, Conn., but orders addressed to Meridei» are immediate! j" attended to. The brown stone in the Philadelphia mansion of G. W. Elkins, Broad and Girard Avenues was furnished from the quarry of the New England Brown Stone Quarry Company. This stone is greatly admired by judges and architects, and is unsurpassed for color, durability, and general excel- lence. The following gentlemen, who are widely known in Meriden's business circles fortheir enterprise and just methods, are the officers, viz.: Levi E. Coe, vice-president; A. Chamberlain, treasurer; E. B. Cowles, secretary; Frederick DePeyster, superintendent; H. Wales Lines, chairman executive committee. President Wilcox died August. 1890, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends, and [the presidenc3' is now vacant until the next annual election. Mr, Coe is connected with the Meriden Savings Bank, and Mr. Chamberlain is president of the Home National Bank. The company's agent in Philadelphia is Mr. Frank Williamson, No. 2202 Chestnut Street, and in Chicago John Worthy, No. 14 Van Buren Street. WINTHROP HOTEL, G. H. Bowker & Co., Proprietors. -To those the nature of whose business necessitates constant travel, whose " name is legion." no feature of modern progress posesses more interest than hotel accommoda- tions; and therefore it is that the well known and admirably con- ducted hostelry, the "Winthrop," Messrs. G. H. Bowker & Co., managers, becomes the centre of such genuine interest. This hotel, unquestionably the finest caravansary in Connecticut and one of the finest hostelries in the New England States, owes its existence to the enterprise and energy of Mr. Walter Hubbard, of the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Co , and in 1882 was opened under the aus pices of the Winthrop Hotel Company, a syndicate of the leading merchants and manufacturers of this section, who, having furnished and decorated the structure throughout, subsequently sublet the lease accorded them by Mr. Hubbard to the present efficient man- agement. The Messrs. Bowker (who, by the way, are proprietors of the magnificent Hotel Hamilton at Holy oke and the Mellen House. Fall River t have made hotel keeping a life study, and from their book of experience, iaudnble ambition and sound judgment many a Boniface in our larger cities could well take a leaf for Lheu" own M l£ R I D E N . Itil guiJouceond to their proDounced profit. The Winthrnp Hotel is a line four story ornate structure, built of brick In a tboI•ou^:hly sub- sloutial manuer, and contains 110 rooms, and can aoconiniodate some ir>0 puest^. Its location, on the main thoroughfare, is advantageous alike to the transient or resident patron. The dining room has been admirably located apart from the main buiUling, thus preveutiog the odors of the cooked %'iauds permeating the residential portiou of the hostelry. The office, reading rooms, bur and cafti are all ou the ground floor, while above are magnificently furnished parlors for Kdies, and many cojuecting rooms en suite. The furnishings are all strictly first class, the beds and bedding new and of the best quality: the i*ooms are light, large and airy, supplied with gas. steam heat, electric annunciators, and all modern conveniences; while a thoroiigh system of organization is enforced by Messrs. Bowker. who person- ally see after the comfort of all their guests. The finest table in Connecticut— which means a great deal— is set right here at the M'inthrop every day the year round, Messrs. Bowker being ex- tremely liberal caterers. They believe in the best and plenty of it. And to sum up this brief sketch, we conclude with the premonition, applicable alike to transient or resident, that those seeking a hos- telry tiflfording the comfort and seclusion of the home, coupled with the luxuries an 1 conveniences of the flrstclass modern hotel, should by any and all means patronize the Winthrop. FRED. 31. HOTCHKISS. Wliolesale Uiocer and Jobber in Car- riages, Wagons. Sleighs, Robes, Blankets, Whips, Etc.— This gentleman is one of the most reliable and widely known dealers in all kinds of "horse furnituiv," and his location on South Colony Street is the best. The Jleriden Can-iage Repository, Xos. 119 to r-37 South Colony Street, was established in 1885 by Mr. Hotchkiss, who has since secured a liberal and influential patronage, His long acquaintance with the principal merchants of this and sur- rounding states for the past twenty-five years secures him many mail orders, and enables him to purchase in such quantities as to get the lowest market rates; and his customers are not slow or back ward in coming forward to take a share of his many advantages. For many years Mr. Holchkiss stood among the leading commer- cial, salesmen in the State; and probably few are held to-daj- among the travelling men in higher esteem, and none has done more or worked harder to further the interest of the *'drununer." He is vice president of the Travellers' Protective Association of America, vice president of the Commercial Traveller's Assoeiati<"i of Connecticut. His jovial disposition wins him a welcome with all. and no convention of traveling men is complete without him. Being possessed of ideas, anticipating the future of Meriden. he quit " the road "' in 1899. Seeing a field for a jobbing grocery, and with energy and aml)ition necessary, he saw the convenience and nece.ssity of a wholesale house to the retail merchants of Meriden, so they could supply their wants at home, without the delays and trouble of send- ing to the larger cities for their goods. Being possessed of the neces- sary qualifications. Mr. Hotchkiss' business is constantly increasing, and is no longer an experiment, but established to stay. He keeps constantly on hand a large assortment of fancy as well as staple groceries; makes a specialty of teas, coffees, spices, tobacco, cigars, etc., and prices as low as quality and markets will warrant. In addition to his wholesale grocery and carriage repository, and connected with this wholesale house, is the Meriden Harness Com- pany (a very useful adjunct to the carriage department). Of this 3Ir. Hotchkiss is the proprietor, he having purcha.sed it from John W. Nichols, April :iCth, 1890. Mr. Nichols was retained as foreman and superintendent, and has charge of this important branch of the business. All work executed by the Meriden Harness Company is done by hand or by the most improved machinery. Machine stitch- ing is so cleverly done, it would require an expert to tell it from hand work; and good judges of what is required of a medium cost harness claim that, with the tension improvements now attached to power machines, the work done by them will outwear the old and slow method of handwork, besides saving quite a sum in cost for labor. Mr. Hotchkiss is well equipped for business, and orders are' promptly and carefully filled to tlie satisfaction of patrons. He is highly regarded by the community for his integrity and enterprise, and is verj- popular in trade circles. It is a pleasure to see him rewarded by a constantly increasing business, and the writer of this little history desires to congratulate Meriden in having such push and energy in one of her youngest citizens. M' ' ERIDEN HOUSE, J. N. Brooks, Proprietor; S. A D. Smith, Clerk —This well and favorably known house was opened to the public some ten years ago, and in 1890 came under the control of Mr. J. N. Brooks. It has been recently en tirely remodelled and renovated throughout and refurnished in the most modern and comfortable manner. It is healed throughout by- steam, and is one of the most cosey hostelries in the Slate. The build- ing is three stories high, and contains from thirty to forty sleeping apartments, parlor, halls, dining room, etc., and a corps of experi enced andpoHte assistants is employed in attending to the require- ments of guests. The "Meriden"' Is equipped in every department with all needed and improved facilitieii!; an excellent table is kept, and the service is prompt and courteous Excellent as is the ac- commodation, rates are only two dollars per day. Mr. Brooks is an experienced host, and is ably assisted by Mr. S. A. D. Smith, the esteemed clerk. He is very popular with guests, and travelers recognize the "Meriden" as one of the most popular hotels in the city and State. Mr. Brooks is a native of Massachusetts, and a most courteous and genial host. WW. MOSHER. Druggist, No. l.S Colony Street —A reliable and well patronized drug store and iiharmacy is ^ that of Mr. W. W. Mosher. which was established by him in 1867, and since that date to the present the steady patronage enjoyed amply proves the confidence and respect which the community has reposed in this gentleman as an able and painstaking exponent of his profession. He occupies a very desirable and central location, No. 13 Colony Street. The store is handsomely fitted up with every facility for the prompt and accu- rate service of patrons with anything needed from the stock of a first class drug store. Here may be found a full supply of pure and fresh drugs, chemicals and patent medicines, besides fancy toilet articles, druggists' sundries, etc.. all of which have been carefully selected from the stocks of the most reliable wholesale dealers. The pharmacy department receives the personal superintenaence of Mr. Mosher, who exercises the greatest care in compounding family recipes and physicians' prescriptions from pure and wholesome drugs. He has had ample practical experience in the requirements of the responsible profession in which he is engaged, and his scrupu- lous care and efficiency have been largely the predisposing cause of his present prosperity. MANNING. BOWMAN & CO., Manufacturei-s of Granite Iron- ware and Decorated Pearl Agate Ware.— This company was incorporated in 18G4 with a capital of $100,000, and has continued to do an ever enlarging business in the manufac- ture of its granite and agate ware goods to supply the world's trade in the same. The officers are Mr. E. B, Manning, president, and Mr. Robert Bowman, secretary and treasurer, both gentlemen bring- ing to bear special qualifications for the discharge of the onerous duties devolving upon them; being, iu fact, the founders of this flourishing industry, and among the foremost and most public spir- ited business men of the city. The company is notably progressive in its policy, and has the finest factory outfit in town, its immense buildings forming the three sides of a great triangle. At one corner a new and handsome office building has been erected, two stories in height, and in which are the show rooms. They are most elaborate- ly fitted in natural wood finish, stained glass transoms, etc., with large plate glass show cases, making a most superb display of these goods. The factory is a model throughout, with every convepience at command. Each department is complete in itself. The immense plating room is the finest in the United States. The company's granite iron and pearl agate wares, porcelain lined and having a coating applied by exclusive chemical processes, together with the elegance of these wares, are beyond competition, and have in connec- tion with elegant styles and wonderful durability caused them to be preferred by the best class of trade all over the world. They are now putting upon the market a new and wonderfully convenient lamp, named "The Standard Oil Lamp." with patent balance fount, designed in various styles and sizes for house, store, depot and other locations. These lamps are being manufactured in highly ornamental styles, in silver plate, nickel and polished brass, and are unquestionably the most attractive, complete, and serviceable lamps in the market to-day, and Messrs. Manning & Bowman are to be congratulated upon the magnificent success achieved under cheir able executive guidance. "The Leader of Lights!" — __ ^ SUGGESTIONS TO BUYERS. 1 HE now celebrated MERIDEN LAMP HAS, in combination, the following four recommen- dations : EFFECTIVENESS, Safety, Simplicity, and Dura- bility. KA ANUFACTURED on Designs and Finishes the / V Latest in the Art. EMBODYING the only Central Draft Burner Made that both Locks and Screws to the Lamp. REGULATED on a principle of construction which is Simplicity itself IMPERVIOUS to wear, being made of the Best Material, coupled with Skilled Workmanship. DEALERS, CONSUMERS, AND THE TRADE GENERALLY, ENTHUSIASTICALLY join issue in declaring that CENTRAL DRAFT LAMP was ever offered N to the World of Superior Character. L A n OOK over our FREE catalogue ! S K for and take none but the best, most ERITORIOUS Meriden manufacture in this line PRODUCED in this prolific and progressive cen- tury. SALESROOIVI: No. 30 Park Place, Neio York. OFFICES AND FACTORY; MERIDEN, CONN. No. 1362. No. 1278. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. INSPECTION INVITED. 163 Middletown. HE wealth and rapid advancement of the Commonwealth of Connecticut furnish the best possible illustrations of the growth of this great country. Iler cities appear to have attained to a degree of prosperity that is constantly reaping the reward of thrifty industry, while her soil is continually producing falSulous wealth, and her broad acres are thickly settled with manufacturing towns and cities whose future is bright with the promise of a glorious career. In such connection we make reference to Middletown, a half-shire town of Middlesex county, a port of entry, and one of the most beautiful of New England cities. The trayeller can see but little of the city from any of its approaches by land or water, so completely is it embosomed in the foliage of the maple and elm, which has given to it the well-meriled name of the " Forest City" of New England. EARLY HISTORY, TOPOGRAPHY, ETC. An English settlement was commenced in Middletown in 1650. The settlers in some instances came direct from England, but the greater number from older settlements in Connecticut and Massachusetts. The region was in general a wild, irregular tract of country, mountainous and covered with forests, the alluvial soil being found on the banks of the river and on the shores of Long Island Sound. Some parts afforded comfortable means of settlement ; the rest afforded the Indian a place of retreat after he had sold his patrimony. The glory of this country is the noble stream. The granite formation begins just below the city of Middletown, at a place called the Straits, where the river, hemmed in by the bold hills, is only thirty-five rods wide, and runs nearly to the mouth at Saybrook. The scenery at this part is picturesque and beautiful in the extreme, green with wealth of trees in summer, and literally revelling in brilliant colors in the fall. In 1652 the town of Mattabes- sctt, as it was first called, was represented in the General Court; and in November, 1653, the General Court further approved "that the name of the plantation commonly called Mettabesseck should, for time to come, be called Middletown." The name was probably given to it on account of its lying between the towns up the river and Saybrook at its mouth. Who the first settlers were it is impossible to determine; the first few pages of the records are lost, and others are nearly obliterated. The number of taxable persons in 1654 was thirty- one, and sixteen years thereafter they had only increased to fifty-two. The planters (as they were called in the colonial phrase) came from the mother country, Hartford, and Wethersficld, and a few from Massachusetts. MIDDLETOWN SINCE DATE OF INCORPORATION. Middletown was incorporated in 1784, and her colleges and schools of to-day, her numerous spires, her enterprising industries and numerous banks, all tell the story of the collected wealth of two centuries. High Street, one hundred and eighty feet above the river, is built up of costly and elegant residences, set in the most cultivated horticultural grounds. The arching sweep of the elms forms a superb vista of sweeping foliage. The view from this street is surpassingly beautiful. The Wosleyan University fronts on High Street. This insti- tution was founded in 18.S1. The Berkeley Divinity School on Main Street is designed for the training of young men for the ministry of the Episcopal Church. The educational facilities of the city arc considerably 163 164 M I D D L E T O W N . enhanced by the Free Russell Library ; in fact, like the majority of the New England towns, Middletuwn has long been noted for her schools and facilities of learning. The appearance of the town, too, is greatly enhanced TI\E£T, VIE.V/- SOVTH' by four church edifices,— the first Congregational or North Church, the South Congregational, the Episcopal, and the Roman Catholic,— all of considerable architectural pretensions. Middletown has several banking insti- tutions, all in a sound and healthy condition, ably and prudently managed, and constituting one of the most MIDDLETOWN. 1G5 l)otcnt agencies in building the great trades and industries of the coiuniunity. The population is estimated as exceeding 16,000, in opposition to the census returns of 1880, which ^ave 11,731. The sketches of the manufacturing and commercial concerns given in the following pai^res will enable the reader to form a general notion of the extent and character of the manufacturing and commercial industries of Middletown, and ift'ili serve to justify all that has been said as to the flourishing condition of this enterprising nnd pleasantly situated town. • MIDDLESEX BANKING COMPANY.- The xMiddlesex Banking Company of I^Iiddletown is one of the most important flnan- cinl institutions of the city, and in its pecuhar and success- ful working: methods it has probably no superior in the state. It-s business is confined to dealingrs with first mortgage loans, and by its charter from the state of Connecticut is subject to super- vision of the State Bank Commissioners, being put on the same plane in that reerard as trust companies and savings banks. The mortgage loans in whicli it deals are confined almost wholly to the well-devel- oped and settled states. The loans are made in Minnesota, North and South Dakota, western Wisconsin, Texas, and Colorado, through its general western office at St. Paul, Minn., the managers of which are lai^re stockholders in the company, and are well known as most conservative operators, whose local knowledge is of the best possi- ble advantage in the transaction of the company's business. Loans secured by mortgages of real estate are always regarded as of the first-class. Of these, the loans in well settled westera states are the safest, for the following reasons: Titles are short and simple; collec- tion laws favor the lender: eacli loan is small, and each borrower's burden is Ught; values are low. and any change must be in the direc- tion of an advance. The most rigid inspection is made by agents on the spot, who report on the features which make the loan a desirable one or otherwise, giving detailed reports on the soil and subsoil, sur- face.population. nationality, crops, conditions, and prospects, etc., and while the area in which the company operates may be visited by dis- aster, it can only be of a temporary nature, and confined to a small space, while it is not so large but that it is under the supervision of the company's agents all the time. The success of this well-managed company has been very marked. Its officers and trustees are shrewd men of business, of the highest character in the community. MIDDLETOWN NEWS COMPANY, James Bond, Proprietor. No. 4'ii Main Street.— An enterprising and deservedly popu- lar house engaged in this line of trade in Middletown, enjoy- ing a ver>- enviable reputation for flrst-cIass, reliable busi- ness management, is that of the Middletown News Company. James Bond, Proprietor. Mr. Bond was for many years engaged in business in Canada in various lines, and came to Middletown several years ago: and desirous of engaging in active business on his own account, he in- augurated this enterprise in 1888, which at once secured an enduring hold on popular favor, and during the intervening period has built up a very large and substantial patronage that is increasing annu- ally in volume and influence. His store is of ample dimensions, ad- mirably arranged for the various branches of his business, and at- tractive in its appearance. Here will be found at all times all the leading daily newspapers from the principal cities In the country: also the prominent weeklies, pictorials, and scientific journals, peri- odicals, and magazines received direct from the publishers as soon as published, besides all the latest works published by the Seo- side, Harper's. Lovell's. and other libraries, and those not on hand are procured at the shortest notice to order. He also car- ries a fine a.ssortment of the l>est grades of legal and foolscap, letter, note and commercial ruled papers, envelopes, inks, pens, pen- cils, pads, memorandum books, diaries, calendars, ami a general line of counting-room and school supplies. He is also engaged ex- tensively in the handling of fine foreign and domestic fruits of all kinds, and is in constant receipt of large supplies of the very best in the market, direct from shippers and producers, which are oflfered at the very lowest prices. JE. BULLARD. Jeweler, No. 144 Main Street.—This enterprise was established by Mr. BuUard in November. 18ft4. and from the date of its Inception has always enjoyed a liberal and substantial patronage. The premises occupied comprise an elegantly appointed store. Iftx4.'i feet in dimensions, and otherwise admirably adapted for the prosecution of the business. The stock is very full and complete, and comprises gold and silver watches of the best American and foreign manufacture; jewelry of the latest designs and patterns, selected with cultivated taste, and a view to beauty and utility; diamonds of the purest water and other precious stones, mounted in the most unique and latest styles. These arti- cles cannot fail to supply every want and satisfy every taste, at the lowest possible prices, and are warranted as represented in every particular. Three assistants are employed, and the house is repre- sented through the towns of the Naugatuck Valley by two travelling salesmen. Anything in the jewelry line is made to order at th^^ shortest possible notice, in the most workmanlike manner, at reason- able cost, and prompt attention is given to every description of re- pairs. Mr. Bullard is a native of Middletown, an enterprising and energetic business man, and well deserves the large measiu-e of suc- cess that has attended his efforts. HOTEL REED. J. W. Reed, Proprietor, Nos. 18.t and 187 Main Street.—This elegant house first opened its doors to the pub- lic in 1887; it is a handsome brick structure, three stories high, located at Nos. 18.') and 187 Main Street, to which lies been recently added the handsome brick flat adjoining. It contains forty-five airy and well lighted bed chambers; every room in the house is connected with the office by electric call bells, and each floor with speaking tubes: the house is heated throughout with steam, and illuminated by electric hght plant, is handsomely and appropri- ately furnished throughout with new and modern furniture, and is well supplied with bath rooms and water closets of the most im- proved type. It is. in fact, rarely that one can meet with such an hotel as this outside of metropolitan cities, and it is certainly one of the finest temperance hostelries in the state of Connecticut. The dining room is light and spacious, and the tables are laden with every- thing the season and markets afford, and a handsome cafp is con- ducted in connection with the hotel proper. Mr. J. W. Reed, the afifable and genial proprietor, is a native of Dayville, Conn., and prior to engaging in the hotel business was prominently identified with the grocery and livery stable interests of that town. He is a gentleman of tact and ability, especially possessed of those social qualities which form so pointed a characteristic of the popular Boni- face. The rates are moderate, ranging from Sl.50 to $C per day (with special terms to regular hoarders!, and it is with great pleasure we recommend this very excellent house to oiu* numerous readers. Its guests always leave with regret and retiu-n with pleasure, and we deem it quite safe to predict that the Reed House has a long and prosperous future before it. CHAS. P. GRAHAM, Dentist, No. 2C0 Main Street.— Success in every department of the learned professions depends to a very great extent upon the intelUgent proficiency and ability which are brought to bear upon it. This is more particularly true as apphed to that important branch of science which is com- prehended in the practice of dental surgery. The dentist of to-day stands second In importance only to the medical practitioner in alle- viating or tending to those wants of the community which come within the scope of his avocation— and in no branch of the profes- sions have more important advances been made. The ablest expo- nent of this delicate department of surgical science in Middletown is. unquestionably, the subject of this brief sketch, Dr. Chas P. Graham, His dental parlors and laboratory are admirably located at No. 2fH) Main Street, where is enjoyed a large and lucrative practice. Dr. Graham has at his command the latest and most approved appliances known to science for the prosecution of his profession, and this. coupled with a thoroughly grovinded knowledge of the theory and practice of dentistry in all its branches, derived from no less than thirty years' practical experience, places him at the head of his pro fession In this section. Dr. Graham is a native of Connecticut, and is personally highly esteemed both In social and professional circles. 166 MIDDLETOWN. W& B. DOUGLAS, Manufacturers of Pumps. Hydraulic Rams, Garden and Fire Engines, Etc.— This industry was begun by Messrs. W. and B. Douglas in 1832, who, be- ginning small» soon had to enlarge their facilities, as the superiority of their product became known to the trade and the pub- lic. The process of legitimate expansion of supply in response to the growth of demand eventually resulted in 1S59 in the incorporation of the vast interests involved, with a paid-up capital of $600,000. The concern has never since had arival as regards quality and extent of its products. Mr. W. Douglas' decease after an honorable and useful career resulted in Mr. Benjamin Douglas becoming the company's president, and under whose specially capable and energetic guidance the company's operations have continued to be extended and devel- oped. Mr. J. M. Douglas is the efficient secretary and treasurer, while Mr. B. Douglas. Jr . is the paymaster. The late Mr. Edward Douglas was the assistant secretary, and a valued member of the cor- poration. His untimely decease occurred in Paris. France, in 1889, while in charge of the company's magniticent exhibit at the Paris Exhibition. The company has, at repeated intervals, enlarged its works, at the same time introducing all the modem improvements, and they now cover an area of six acres. The buildings are substan- tial two and three story structures, the main machine shops having an ornamental tower and flagstaff. The machine tools are very num- erous and costly, and of the latest pattern, thus insuring perfect work and greatest accuracy. There are large brass and iron foun- dries, several powerful steam engines, and all possible appliances con- ducing to the more economical and improved construction of pumps and hydraulic machinery. An average force of 3tK) bands are em- ployed in the manufacture of pumps, hydraulic rams, hydrants, well-curbs, galvanized chain and fixtures. The stock embraces the most complete line of pitcher, cistern, well, and force pumps, both for hand and wind mill use, made in the world. Among popular spe- cialties are their garden and fire engines, including the patent portable fire annihilators. the patent aquarius, which throws eight gallons of water per minute fifty feet high, with the power of one hand; aquapult, aquanette, air pumps, force pumps, including those for power as well as hand use. Their " Little Giant " with three cyMnders is specially popular for fire purposes, while their bilge and deck pumps have no equal for vessel use. Their deep well pumps are also far superior to all other makes, and include their " Patent International Pump,'' entirely new, and which gives the greatest flow at the least expenditure of power. Its cistern and ordinary well pumps are made in improved and elegant styles, and the trade everywhere prefer the Douglas pumps and fixtures as affording much the best satisfaction to the public. The company manufacture over 1.500 varieties and sizes of pumps and hydraulic machines; all have the best of materi- als, put together in the most skilful manner, while the designs em body the ripe experience and inventive discoveries of a career of fifty- eight years duration. The Douglas pumps are emphatically far the best for house, farm, factory, and ship use. They have been awarded the first prize wherever exhibited, notably at the Paris Exposition of 1889, and those of 1878 and 1862; at Vienna in 1873; at the Centennial' Exposition in 1876, and at Melbourne, Australia, in 1881. These hon- ors are well deserved, and but voice the popular verdict, international in extent, that the Douglas pumps are the best. The industry is one of the utmost value to Middletown, and has materially contributed to the development of the city's resources and prosperity. Mr. Benjamin Douglas, the president, is a business man of soundest judgment and marked executive capacity; he has achieved an honored success, and an enviable reputation as a public-spirited citizen and capable finan- cier; he is also the president of the First National Bank, the leading financial institution of the city. The United States leads the world in many lines of manufacture, and in none more absolutely than that of pump manufacturing, due to the existence and progressive enter- prise of the corporation of W. & B. Douglas. JG. STEWART. Printer. No. 171 Court Street.-Mr. Stewart occupies desirable premises, being perfectly equipped and ^ provided with five steam presses and appurtenances for doing the very best book, job, and commercial work. He gives con- stant employment to twelve skilled and competent workmen, and orders are executed in a prompt, neat, and finished manner, while the prices charged are as low as could be desired. The business he is carrying on so successfully was established by him in 1879. and from a small beginning he has become well known in commercial circles, and has built up a large, flourishing business by his enter- prise, and executing the very highest class of typographic work. Mr. Stewart likewise does all kinds of book binding at the shortest possible notice, at very reasonable prices. He is popular, and is held in the highest estimation by all who know him for his business ability. CHARLES B. CLARK, Oyster House, No. 165 Main Street.— This popular place has been successfully operated for a period of over eight years, and is the daily resort for hundreds of people, en- joying a first-class patronage, and is highly appreciated by the public generally. The dining-room on the ground floor measures 25x60 feet, and its arrangements and appointments are of the best possible character, reflecting the utmost credit upon the taste and judgment of the proprietor, while the convenience and comfort of patrons are perfectly insured. Oysters are served in every style, and, the cuisine is in charge of chefs of marked abihty and national reputation. All the delicacies that can possibly be obtained are served in liberal abundance, while the perfect manner in which the viands are served make a raeal at Clark's Oyster House a most agreeable experience. While there are larger caf^s in the city, there are none which possess such well-founded claims upon the public favor, or enjoy a more deserved popularity. It is the one place above all others where a first-class meal and oysters in every style can be secured at a reason- able price. Mr. Clark is honored and esteemed in this city as a gen- tleman of great executive ability and of strict business integrity, and as an accomplished exponent of the business in w hicb he is engaged. Ne^vsr London. ^yX writing a sketch of New London it is necessary to turn back to the time when the earliest English settlers came to the land now known as New England and sought to make a home in what was little more tban a wilderness. The city can trace its growth back through years replete with many of the most interesting and significant facts in our national and colonial aimals. Founded by men of the highest aims and noble spirit, " men," according to a foreign writer, " whose mind had derived a character from the daily contemplation of superior beings and eternal interests," the streams of whose influence have not ceased to flow down steadily through all the emergencies and tests of future vears, even to the present. In a real sense the history of New London is a microcosm, an edition in miniature of the history of the nation. From the sensational standpoint. New London must be placed among the few and happy regions that appear to have little or no history, because it is unrelieved by points of glar- ing contrast or eminent calamity. Nevertheless the study of its historic annals has deep and intrinsic interest for every thoughful reader, presenting many of the great problems of human life and nature in new and sug- gestive lights. With such preamble we venture to essay a brief sketch of New London's past, present, and future, drawn, of course, within the prescribed limits of a work of this character. The founder of New London's business life, as of all her other interests, was John Winthrop, Jr., who from the settlement in 1646 immediately directed his attention to building up the trade and mercantile industries of the place, which were well under way when he a few years later left, leaving them to other bands, where they were well looked out for. The first custom oflicer for any Connecticut port was John Smith, who was appointed to that office at this port by the General Court in 1659. Already quite a trade with the Barbadoes and the other West Indies had been built up, and at this time New London was the leading port in the Colony. Thomas Merritt was appointed custom master for New London in 1668, and was succeeded in 1685 by Daniel W'ethercll, who held the office into the seventeenth century. The establishment of a consider- able ehip-building industry was made here within two decades from the settlement of the town. John Coit, Joseph Coit, Hugh Mould, and John Stevens were the first shipwrights at this port, three barks, the Speedwell, Jlopeirell, and Eudeavor being built here between 1660 and 1664. Tliey averaged from twelve to twenty tons, and were immediately employed in the West India trade. In 1661 the New London " Tryall" was bnilt here at a cost of £200, being the largest and best home-made vessel on this coast at the time. A coast trade was early entered into with Boston, being afterwards extended to New York and Virginia. Tobacco and wheat were quite commonly cultivated here at that time ; commercial intercourse was also entered upon at this time 167 168 NEW LONDON. witli New Foundland, fish and dried meats being among the chief staples of trade. The New London Society of Trade and Commerce was organized in 1730. It consisted of eighty members scattered throiigli the Colony, with headquarters at New London, and with the purpose of organizing capital and enterprise for the forward- ing of colonial trade from this port. New London suffered much during the Revolution. On Sept. 6th, 1781, it was captured by a British force under the traitor Benedict Arnold, who set fire to the stores and shipping, reducing the most valuable part of the town to ashes. They then attacked Fort Griswold, at Groton, which lies on the opposite side of the river, and massacred the garrison after it had surrendered. Fort Trumbull not being tenable, as it was on the land side, had been evacuated. This fortress, which has been almost entirely rebuilt since 1840, is one of the best in the country, mounts eighty pieces of heavy ordnance, and has accommodations for a garrison of eight hundred men. Although the Civil War operating upon New London's commerce, together with other retarding influences, such as the discovery of petroleum, succeeded in greatly crippling it, yet it managed to survive and is still of considerable importance, although overshadowed by other interests, such as the railroading and manufacturing. The shipping has continued to maintain itself here up to the present time, State St., from opposite Crocker House. though just now there seems to be considerable depression both in the whale-fishing and foreign trade. The line of domestic fisliing for cod, mackerel, and blue-fish has been considerably developed in recent years, and New London is now the great fish centre for this line of aquatic merchandise on the Sound. Taking into account the growth of her fisheries and her coast-shipping business, notwithstanding losses in otlier directions, New London still maintains her position as a leading port, and promises to do so as long as any trade exists on the Sound. POPULATION. The growth of the population of this city has been of a steady character. In 1850 there were eight thousand nine hundred and ninety-one; in 1880 there were ten thousand five hundred and twenty-nine; and at present the number is estimated in the neighborhood of fourteen thousand. The people as a whole are indus- triously inclined, arc enterprising, progressive, and intelligent, and are justly proud of the beautiful city in which are centred their homes and interests. NEW LONDON, 169 PUBLIC BUILDINGS, SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, ETC. The town lias an abiiiulant supply of uood iiuality granite for building purposes, and many of the residences, churches, and public buildings are made of this material. The streets are broad, well laid out, for the most part paved and macadamized, and shaded with magnificent elm and maple trees. The educational interests of the town are carefully provided for; from the earliest times they have been the object of painstaking and assidu- ■«ius activity. The scholars of New London are not only provided with comfortable and finely arranged build- ings, but the teachers arc also carefully selected and competent. The religious sentiment of the people is ■shown in the number and beauty of their churches, which include the St. James Episcopal Church, the First and Second Congregational Churches, the First and Second Baptist and Huntington Avenue Baptist Churches, liie Roman Catholic Cathedral, the First Methodist Episcopal Church, the People's Church, the Universalist < luircli, a Hebrew Society, and a Colored f>aptist Society. BANKS, THE PRESS, ETC. Tlie banks, all of which have substantial buildings, are the Savings Bank of New London, the Mariners' Savin'jfs I^>ank, the National Bank of Commerce, the Union Bank of New London, the National Whaling Bank, state St., from Depot. the New London City National Bank, and the Equitable Trust Company, which has a capital of $1,. 500,000. Three enterprising local journals are at present being published : The Day, published every evening except Sunday ; and by the same company the Week, issued every Tuesday, both bright, newsy sheets and with a wide popularity. The Moruing Telegraph, founded in 1885, and issued every day except Sunday, has established a leading position among the dailies of Connecticut. The municipal and kindred arrangements include a Fire Department excellently equipped with steam fire-eno;ines and the most approved apparatus, Police Depart- ment, five Masonic lodges, two Odd Fellows' lodges, five temperance societies, a Ladies' Seamens' Friend Society, Historical Society, Telephone Exchange, tWo bands of music, and a beautiful cemetery called " Cedar le Mirrors, etc., all of which, by judicious advertis- ing, they have brought before the people with such good results that there is nothing new but what they have it as soon as New York or Boston firms. They sell either for cash or on easy partial pay- ments. Their prices are always the lowest. They have increased their trade so that they now employ twelve men all the year round; and May next they move into their new building on Bank Street, wbich will be four stories high, -HjtSi) feet in size, giving them "over one third of an acre of floor space entirely devot<>d to the display of their mammoth stock. In addition to this they will have a store- linuse in the rear. 60x80. for the storage of surplus stock. Messrs. Putnam are sending goods »11 over eastern Connecticut, which gives them a very large field to supply. STAR CLOTHING COMPANY, Henry Labensky, Proprietor, No. 9 Bank Street.— Among the most popular manufacturers of and dealers in men's, youths' and tK»ys' clothing, etc.. is Mr. Henry Laljen.sky. Bom in Germany, he came to the United States some years ago, and has been long identified with his line of trade. He started business at his jtrtsent location in 18!>7, is a youug, pushing business man, who has built up quite a flourishing and important trade. His store has a frontage of 20 feet and a depth of 70^ feet; elegantly fitted up and furnished throughout. Here is shown a fine assortment of styhsh ready made clothing for men, youths, and boys; also the latest fashions in hats and caps, and all the most recent novelties in gentlemen's furnishing goods, of both foreign and domestic manufacture. The stock has been carefully selected, and while the goods are unexcelled for quality the prices are unequalled, A specialty is made of the custom department, where is to be found a large, valuable stock of superb suitings, woolens, cloths, cassi- meres, tweeds, etc , of the latest styles and fashions, and wbich have been received from the leading nuimifucturers of this country and Europe. Mr. Labensky is an aeconiplished cutter, never fails to make a perfect fit. or to please his patrons, has become distin- guished as one of the most correct in his line of business, is a leader of gentlemen's fashions in the city, and is regarded as an honorable business man and upright private citizen. ROGERS BROTHERS. Dealers in Grain. Straw. Hay, Etc.: and Keepers of Livery, Sales and Boarding Stables. No, 118 Bank Street. — Although established but a few months since, the house of Messrs. Rogers Brothers, has secured a firm and permanent hold on the favor of the public of New Loudon. It was founded in the beginning of the year 1890 by Messrs. H. A. and'G. E. Rogers, and its patronage has grown to large proportions. The business carried on is two fold— that of dealers in grain, straw, hay, etc . and keepers of livery, sales and boarding stables. The prem- ises comprise ample and commodious store and granary, replete with produce of the kind specified obtained from the best and most reliable sources. Buying only in the best markets, the firm are en- abled to offer the finest and best goods at lowest prices. Five assist- ants and three wagons are employed, and orders are promptly and accurately filled. The stables occupy a three story frame building at No. '^1 Broad Street, and are in every respect well adapted for the business carried on in them. They afford ample stall accommodation for a lar^ie number of horses, and the stock of horses kept for hire includes some of the finest roadsters in the city, while the rigs and carriages are noted for their style and elegance. A specialty is made of boarding horses, fair and reasonable prices being in every case charged. Mr. G. E. Rogers is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, also of the Order of American Mechanics. Both partners are natives^ of the state and popular in the community. NEW LONDON CANDY KITCHEN AND ICE CREAM PAR- LORS. A. H.Wilkinson, Proprietor, 61 State Street and No. 79 Bank Street.— The visitor to New London is not long in the city before his attention is directed to the elegant confectionery stores and ice cream parlors of A- H. Wilkinson, whose reputation for fine ice cream and choK!e, toothsome sweets is widespread. Mr. Wil- kinson occupies an elegantly fitted store at No. 61 State Street, and No. 79 Bank Street. The Bank Street store is 2.'ix60 f eet in dimensions, and the State Street store measures •'J0x75 feet. In the rear of the stores are commodious and comfortable ice cream parlors, capable of accommodating upwards of forty people. On hot summer evenings this establishment is a favorite resort, Mr. Wilkinson's ice cream being first class, and equal if not superior to Horton's, of New York fame. Fresh candies are made daily, and a specialty is made of supplying families, parties, hotels, etc, with confectionery, ice creams, sherbets, etc. The busiuess was originally started by Mr. C. Patterson in 1884. he being succeeded in 188.5 by Mr. Wilkinson, who has made many improvements, including patent fan ventilators, electric power, electric lights, etc. Besides the retail trade a con- erable wholesale business is done both in New London and adjacent town< and villages. Cream orders are delivered on Sundays, and fresh candies are made daily. Only the most experienced workmen are employed. In addition to the large stock of confectionery a lit>- eral supply of fruits in season is kept. Mr. Wilkinson is a Canadian by birth, but. like most of our northern neighbors who take up their abode under the Stars and Stripes, is an excellent citizen, and has a well deserved reputation for business abilit3' and probity. 174 NEW LONDON, GEOKGE F. BORNSTORF, Delicatessen, Etc., No. 47 Bank Street; Grocery, No. 45 Main Street.— A leading representa- tive wholesale and retail house in the butter and produce trade in New London is that of Mr. Geo. F. Bornsdorf, located at No. 4" Bank Street, who has also a branch grocery store, in charge of his son, at No. 4.5 Main Street. Mr. Bornstorf, who was born in Ger- many, came to this country over thirty years ago. He soon after commenced business in New York as a dealer in pioducc, butter, etc. In 1887 be opened his establishment at No. 47 Bank Street, in this city, and is doing a fine city and country trade. The store is S.5x40 feet in area, is fitted up in a neat, attractive style, and is provided with every convenience. A heavy stock of prime dairy and cream- ery butter, cheese, and fresh eggs is always carried, as well as a fine assortment of imported cheese, Holland herring, Russian sardines, Sardellen smoked fish, and bologna, smoked sausage of all kinds, and dehcatessen generally. No inferior goods whatever enter the stock, and the prices quoted cannot be otherwise than satisfactory. The goods are unrivalled for freshness, purity, and uniform excellence, and a widespread trade is done. The branch store, which is well stocked with staple and fancy groceries of all kinds, is a popular one and has a splendid patronage. Mr. Bornstorf is personally very popular in the community. OL POST, Carriage Builder, No. 181 Bank Street.— The build- ing of fine carriages and light wagons is a business exten- sively carried on in New London, and is represented by none so well as Mr. O. L. Post, who was born in this state, and who has acquired an enviable reputation for superior work. The business was foimded in 1872 by Mr G. O. Richards, whom he succeeded in 1S77. In 1886 he removed it to the premises now occupied. These consist of three frame buildings, one and three stories in height, covering an area of 80x.50 feet. They are equipped with the best mechanical appliances, and from ten to fif- teen workmen are employed. Mr. Post builds to order coaches, hacks, coupes, buggies, carriages, and light wagons, made of the best carefully selected material, and put together in the most substantial manner. He is doing a splendid business. A special department is devoted to repairing, and all work is executed in the best manner. Mr. Post has ever mnintained the esteem and confidence of his pa- trons, and many of the finest carriages to be seen in the city were constructed in his establishntent. FA. PARKER. Carriage Wood Worker. Nos. 18 and 20 Church Street —Mr. F. A. Parker, who is a carriage wood , worker and who has achieved a wide reputation and a fine trade, is one of the most popular business men in this city. He is a native of this state, has resided in New London many years, and has been established in business here since 1*^78 He has occu- pied his present premises since 1S87. The workshop is S0x4.5 feet in -area, and is equipped with every aopliance requisite for turning out the best class of work. He employs competent workmen, and makes to order carriage and wagon frames, bodies, seats, gear, wheels, shafts, poles, etc. ; and also gives particular attention to re- pairing atd jobbing. Mr. Parker is recognfted as the best repre- sentative of his Ime of trade in this section of the state, and all his work is substantial and guaranteed to be so. He is a popular mem- ber of the American Mechanics, all his work is done by hand, and is .superior in every respect. MURRAY & MABER, Plumbers and Sheet Iron Workers, No. 22 Main Street —This is a thoroughly reliable house, and one whose work has gained for it the endorsement and ap- proval of our leading sanitary engineers. It was estab- lished in ISS9 by the present proprietors, Messrs. John F. Murray and Andrew Maber. formerly employees of the well known firm of Newman & Cronin, and owing to the all round excellence of their work they have secured a large and influential patronage. Their premises at No. 23 Main Street, two doors north of The Day oflice. comprise a two story frame building. 3.5x70 feet in dimensions. They are equipped with all necessary tools and appliances, and employ- ment is afforded to four expert hands. The work executed em- braces plumbing, roofing, spouting, and guttering, tin, copper, and sheet iron working, etc.. sanitary plumbing being a leading specialty^ The firm are prepared to furnish estimates and undertake contracts at prices to meet the times, and all orders are given prompt atten- tion. Both partners are practical workmen, and personally super- intend all work entrusted to them. The patronage is of a first class and permanent character, and the success achieved by the firm is well deserved. Jlr Murray is a member of the A. O. U. W.. and Knights of Columbus. Mr. Maber is also a member of the A. O. U. W. Both are highly esteemed in the community. FRANK H. SMITH. Meats, Etc., No 46 State Street.— This enter- prise was estabUshed six years ago by the present proprietor, and the premises occupied consist of the ground floor and basement, each 30x75 feet in dimensions. The store is hand- somely fitted up with marble slabs, and is provided with every con- venience for the successful prosecution of the business. Mr. Smith, who is a practical butcher, brings wide experience to bear, and there is no better judge of meats in this city. He has on hand at all times the choicest beef, veal, mutton, lamb, and pork; also hams, should- ers, bacon, sausages, and other pork products, both salt and fresh. In their respective seasons he offers the finest poultry and game ; also fresh fruits and vegetables. He caters to the hotel as well as to the family trade; courteous attention is paid to all customers, and all orders are promptly filled, deliveries being made to any part of the city free of charge. Mr. Smith is an energetic young business man, and a native of this state. D ARROW & COMSTOCK. Dealers in Ship Chandlers' Hard- ware, Engineers' Supplies, Oils, Wire Rope, Blocks, Oars, and Mast Hoops, Nos 60 and 52 Bank Street.— This is the oldest and most prominent ship chandlery and hardware house in this venerable whaling town. Its trade is extensive and widespread. The building occupied contains four floors, and basement, and is 40x85 feet in dimensions It is perfect and complete in its arrange- ments, and is convenient in location to the shipping with which the transactions of the firm are mostly concerned. Every thing in the way of ship chandlers' hardware is carried in stock, also wire rope and blocks, oars, mast hoops, engineers' and contractors supplies, etc., which are supplied at the very lowest prices. This old house was established in 1815 by Mr J. M. Buckley, who continued as pro- prietor for some years, and who was followed by Mr. C. C. Com- stock and Messrs. H A. Brown & Co successively. About 1875 Mr. Courtland S. Darrow becam» Interested in the business as a partner, and four years later be w as joined by Mr. Fitch L. Comstock. Since then the business has been conducted under the present name and style. Both partners are natives of this city, and liberal, public spirited gentlemen. FREDERICK M. SHERMAN, Carpenter and Builder, Shop No. 76 Bank Street.— .\mong the practical and most experienced carpenters and builders in this city is Mr. Frederick M. Sher- man, who is a native of Long Island, N. Y., and who has been in this city for some years. He establisiied himself in business in 1 683, and has built up a fine trade. In his office and shop he has every facility and convenience, and employs, according to season and contracts in hand, from twelve to sixty skilled workmen. The building is a two-story structure, and has dimensions of 25x60 feet. Mr. Sherman furnishes estimates for erecting dwellings and build- ings of all kinds, and for doing interior hard-wood finish, which is a specialty, and in w-hich he excels. Particular attention is given to making alterations, fitting up stores, banks, offices, exterior and interior decorations, wood work and to carpentering and making repairs, etc. He is a thorough master of his *rade, is doing a fine business, and well deserves the success he enjoys. Nor^victi. jHE history of the origin, growth, and development of Norwich, like that of the other leading cities of Connecticut, presents a noble epitome of human interest, of enterprise, and of progress. Look- ing at the city retrospectively, it presents rather a romantic drama than a stern and living reality. Little did the small party of English nomads, led by one Captain John Mason in 1659, imagine that the log huts they were to build held the germ of to-day's city, with its factories and blocks, its steam and horse railways, its telegraph and telephone, its fire department and water-works, — the very inven- tion of most of which had not even been dreamed of. The name Norwich was given to the settlement in 1662 in honor of Norwich, England, from whence many of the first settlers migrated. The original meaning of the word Norwich made it an exceedingly apt title for the new township. It is derived from the Saxon, '•Northurc," signifying North Castle, and the formidable pile of rocks found here, some of them crowned with the ruins of ancient Indian forts, are forcibly suggestive of walls, towers, and battlements. For a long number of years it was a cheerless, dreary home for the white men who had built their log-houses amidst the treach- erous savages, and where their lives were in constant peril from the nomadic tribes, who were jealous of the intrusion on their hunting-grounds. But they had come to stay, and gradually, as years rolled by, increased in population and importance. As early as 1732 the town which they had founded was made a half shire town, and in 1781 was one of the five incorporated cities of the state. While we have taken the liberty to use as a caption to the few remarks the term " historical," we are far from pretending that they even form a condensa- tion of the legendary events which form a species of historic halo round and about this time-honored city : the seeker, for mere literary amusement and accounts of romantic adventure being referred to the former his- torical publications to be found on the shelves of the Historical Society and the Public Library. It is on the industrial Norwich of to-day that we wish to dilate, to point out her splendid opportunities for manufacturing enterprise, to depict the commercial status she now holds among the business centres of the L^nion, and to comment upon her affairs, municipal, educational, religious, and social in this year of grace, 1891. Topographical. — The city is romantically situated at the head of the river Thames, fourteen miles above Long Island Sound, at the junction of the Yantic and Shetucket rivers, and at the head of tide-water. As the city is approached from the river below, a higli, rocky bluff presents itself, its base encircled by stores and warehouses; while rising one above another to the.rocky eminences which overhang the business portion of the city, are zig-zag streets, cut out of solid rock like Alpine roads, on which are located the churches, public buildings and handsome private residences. The city has an average length from north to south of seven miles, and a medium breaerfecting and making their inventions practicable. He furnishes estimates for constructing models and making dies and patterns on receipt of specifications. Ten skilled workmen are employed, and lie is doing a large, flourishing business, which is derived from the city. New York, and all parts of New England. Every attentiorr is given to repairing and jobbing. MRS. M. P. D. GOODRICH. Confectioner. No. 209 Main Street. — Although established at a comparatively recent date, the popular confectionery and ice-cream parlor of Mis. M. P. D. Goodrich has, through the excellence of its goods and liberal management, secured a strong nnd permanent hold on the favor of the people of Norwich. It was inaugurated in 1889, and is in all respects an admirably conducleil. well ordered, first class estab* lishment. The premise^s occupied comprise the fii-st floor and base- ment of a three-story brick building 30x40 feet in dimensions. They are commodious, and equipped in the very best style throughout. ines, and who arc usini; their utmost endeavors to make a number of expert confectioners, pastrj' cooks, and assistants being employed, while the proprietor exercises close personal supervision over the entire establishment. The store is handsomely appointed and furnished with most exquisite taste; it is provided with large and elegant plate-glass windows and show cases, magnificent marble soda fountain, and many other adornments which combine to make it one of the most attractive in the city. A large and fine assortment of confectionery is carried in stock, fresh daily ,and includes delicious and wholesome chocolates, caramels, bon-bons, and kindred tooth- some morsels, absolutely pure, and choicest candies in great variety. The ice-cream parlor, 18x25 feet in dimensions, is located in the rear, and is luxuriously appointed, aud one of the most comfortable and fashionable resorts in the city. Ice cream of all flavors, water ices, sorbets, soda water, mineral waters, etc., can here be obtained at all seasons. These goods, which are all made on the premises, are noted for their choice flavor, purity, and quality.. The service is all that could be desired, while popular prices prevail. Foreign and domestic fruits and nuts are also always on hand. Mrs. Goodrich is a lady of courteous manners and excellent business ability aud experi- ence. CHARLES B. CHAPMAN, Dealer in Meats and Provisions. No. 263 East Main Street.— The trade in meats and provisions forms one of the most important among the many bi-anches of busi- ness carried on in this city. A conspicuous house in this line of business is that of Mr. Charles B. Chapman, who has acquired a wide reputation. His store has an area of 25x75 feet, is arranged with neatness and kept scrupulously clean, and is equipped with electric lights and the latest and best improved refrigei-ators, etc. Mr. Chapmau selects and slaughters his own cattle, and always has the choicest aud best meats to be obtained in the city. The stock is renewed daily, and a fine display is made of choice beef, veal. Iamb, mutton, pork, etc., also corned beef , sugar cured hanis, break- fast bacon, smoked and salted meats of all kinds, etc. Prices are governed by moderation, and business is active and brisk. Ten assistants are employed, and eight to ten teams ai-e kept busy in delivering and calling for orders, every attention being paid to the requirements of the patrons. Mr. Chajunan is a native of this State, and enjoys the esteem and confidence of all his many customers. The business he is now conducting i originally established in IS.'iO by Mr. Chapman came into possession. M a stock farm about ODe and a half : has from twenty to thirty ho ith such eminent ! . J. S. Kinnie. and in 1876 Mr. . Chapman is also the owner of liles from the city, and here he and from fifty to ninety cows. He does a brisk business in the sale and exchange of cattle and horses, and is always in a position to supply horses, sound and perfect and suited for all classes of work, at bottom prices. WW. IVES, Nickel and Silver Plater, Manufacturer of ^Vindow Display Frames, Etc., No. 11 Myers Alley.— ^ One of the most prosperous enterprises in this section of the city is that of Mr. W. W. Ives, nickel and silver plater, and manufacturer ()f window display frames and show cases, at No. 11 Myers Alley. It was founded in 18SG by the present ]tro- prietor, and has since been conducted with marked success. The premises utilized comprise the second floor of a three-story brick building, 30x60 feet in dimensions, eqiiipped throughout with the most approved mechanical appliances. Five skilled operatives are employed, and every department is pei*sonally supervised by Mr. Ives, who is an experienced aud skilled mecham'c. The range of work embraces the manufacture of window display frames for guuts' furnishing.s, boot and shoe, hat,millinery,and dry goods stores, in nickel and silver plating. These goods are all of .superior quality and general excellence, of the most reliable make and finish. They are nickel plated on white metal, thereby reumving any possibility of rust, and also on brass. Among the special styles of frames produced are the "Nonpareil," the ''Champion," etc. A specialty is made of silver and nickel plating in all its branches. Special store fixtures are made to order on short notice. A heavy supply is at all times carried, and orders are filled without delay upon the most favorable terms. The trade is rapidly incieasing. Mr. Ives is a native of New Haven, aud has resided for several years in Norwich, where he is regarded as a sagacious and honorable business man. 180 NORWICH THE SNELL BUSINESS COLLEGE. Nos. 97 to 105 Main Street.— A necessary supplement to the ordinary school curriculum is that furnished by a business college. The branches of educa- tion in an oi-dinary public school are necessaiily of a general character, and these must be supplemented by a special education. A "teciinical" education can be obtained in the best sense of the word at The Snell Business College, of Norwich. Conn., and graduates of that school are therefore placed at a great advantage when they seek to enter commercial life. So much, however, of general use success to graduation with full knowledge of business principles and finely equipped technical methods. The o[ualities for such a position are rare, but they are found in the principal of this institution. which is the best in this State, and second to none in the land. The course of instruction includes book-keeping in all its branches, mafhematics, penmanship (commercial or special), s-tenography, verbatim reporting, business corresp'mdence, political economy (loo often neglected as a necessary detail of business education), com- mercial geography, language, navigation, and a department for the are these institutes that there are few young men who would not find it to their interest to supplement the usual studies by a course at such a college, the special knowledge acquired being at all times useful and often essential, even wheu a wholly different course of labor had been previously marked out. No one" can afford to ignore a knowledge of business forms, to say nothing of special branches, like those of business arithmetic, business penmanship, business ■correspondence, book-keeping— theory, single and double entry; practical science of accounts and banking: business office woric, business and commercial law, business and commercial geography, business and commercial political economy, phonography and type- writing, verbatim and court reporting. To supply these deficiencies the Snell Business College— the only first class establishment of its kind in the State— was started in 1885 by Mr. Snell. His methods of teaching were so eminently practical and satisfactory that a large clientele followed him over the course, and their success encouraged others to join, so that in 1887 Mr. Snell found it necessary to associate with him Mr. A. R. Birchard, who at once took charge as principal. His methods of education "took hold" at once. He made himself the friend of the pupil, became his confidant and his lielper, and by careful study of the pupil's individuality guided him with unerring instruction of music and art has just been opened. This course of in- struction is under the supervision of a praotioal business man, assisted by five teachers, each fitted for his special woik. Lectures are given by ptotnineut men. Every other Friday morning a debating club is held; and. in fact, everything is done to bring out to the greatest advantage the best faculties of the pupils. The terras are remark- ably low and within the reach of atiy ambitious young fellow who desh-es a special equipment. A complete commercial course costs only $80; complete shorthand and typewriting. 845; complete pen- manship. $50; complete English course. $80. These prices include all text books and stationery needed. The college is located in the spacious Rockwell Builditig, Nos. 9i) to 105 Main Street, occupying eleven commodious roomson the second and third floors. well fitted up and well hghted: also two beautiful rooms in the Richards Building. Mr. A. E. Snell is a native of Rochester. New Hampshire, while the able principal, Mr. A. R. Birchaid, is of Norwich, About two hun- dred pupils are in attendance, and the previous graduation lists published in the highly instructive catalogue show that the gradu- ates of the Snell Business College are well lor.kod after. Merchants appreciate the value of young people trained by the excellent methods adoj ted by Mr. Birchard. NORWICH 181 NORWICH SAVINOS SOCIETY.— The saviiiRS bank is an insti- tution tliat lias done more to encourase ha)>ils of economy and thrift than all others combined. One of the oldest and soundest of these fiduciary trusts in New England is the Nor- wich Savings Society of this citj". It was chartered by the Legisla- ture in June, 1824. From the first its career has a history of busi- ness sagacity, integrity, plain dealing, and conservatism not un- mixed with open handed liberality towards deserving public and private enterprise; and of all the many millions of dollars committed to its custody by depositors not one was ever lost to the owner. On the contrary, vast sums have been returned to them with interest. Since the organization of the institution, upwards of 70,000 accounts liave been opened, and on Nov. 29, 1890, the deposits reached the enor- mous sum of nearly $9,000,000. The condition of the bank at that date was: Assets— loans, $3,997,746.21; bank stocks, S88,.')0<1; town bonds, $602,500; county bonds, 810,000; city bonds, $2,344,800; railroad bond, $.%047.SOO; real estate, S92,474..54; l)anking house, $28,610.77; sundry aecomits, $180.67; cash on deposit, $162,:i45.8G; cash in vault, $54,030.69; total, $9,429,607.74. Liabilities— deposits, $8,932,171.61: profit and loss, $247,436.13; surplus, $250,0tX); total, $9,429,607.74. The offlcei-s and trustees are all prominent, responsible citizens, ac- tively identified wiih the trade and commerce of this community, and represent in a Iiigh degree the opulence and enterprise of this section of the state. President, Amos W. Prentice; vice-presidents, John A. Morgan and John Brewster. Directors: Jolm Mitchell, Henry Larrabee. Lucius Brown, Bela P. Learned. George R. Hyde, Asa Backus, Sichiey Turner, Charles Bard, and Calvin L. Harwood. Secretary and treasuier, Costello Lippitt; attorney, Jeremiah Hal- sey. The board of trustees comprises, besides the above mentioned officers, the following gentlemen: John T. Wait, James A. Hovey, William G.Johnson, Elijah C. Kinney. Levi W. Meech, Lewis A. Hyde, Samuel B. Case. Moses H. Sisson, Stephen B. Meech. Charles Larrabee, Charles C. Johnson, Adams P. Carroll, John D. Brewster, Albert G. Jlitchell, Norman Day, Charles H. Kenyon. Luther S. Eaton, Oliver L. Johnson, Jr., Arthur H Brewer, John 51. Johnson, Willis A. Briscoe, Alfred A. Young, Jr., Lucius Briggs, and Charles L. Hubbard. The banking house, which was erected in 1862, is 40x100 feet in area, and forms one of the most attractive features of the thoroughfare on which it is located. It is tastefully fitted up and equipped with all modern safeguards. The bank is one of the most solid, substantial institutions of its kind in the county, and it is safe to say that none in this state has exerted a more potential inHnence for good, or aided more in conducing to (he general thrift and jirosperity of the people. MB. RING, Carriage Manufacturer and Dealer in Fine Car- riages and Wagons, Carriage Fixtures and Supjilies, Nos. 13. 15, and 17 Chestnut Street.— During the sixteen or more years that Jlr. M. B. Ring has been engaged in the business of fine carriage making, he has won an enviable reputation. In aldilion to the building of flue carriages and wagons, of whiclj there are always splendid specimens on hand for inspection, Mr. Ring announces that he performs horseshoeing, and that he shoes interfering horees so they will not strike. A horse's hoof is often imperfectly treated through igjorance, and pain and permanent in- jury often inflicled on " man's best friend." It must therefore be exceedingly gratifying to every lover of a horse (and who is not ?) that Mr. M. B. Ring fully realizes the necessity of care and intelli- gence in this really delicate and scientific business of horseshoeing. bi addition to these features Mr. Ring makes all kinds of carriage fixtures and supplies, the several departments of matuifacture be- ing all on the premises at Nos. 13, 15, and 17 Chestnut Street. These premises consist of a three-story brick building, 60x90 feet. The whole premises, owned by Mr. Ring, measure 117 feet on ChestDUt Street, 109 feet deep, and ^R6 feet in the rear of the premises. Steady employment is given to ten experienced workmen in the several departments of iron work, wood work, painting, and trimming. Mr. King is a nntixe of this city, and one Ihoro'jghly alive to its business and civic interests. NORWICH POTTERY AND EJIERY WHEEL WORKS. No. II Cove Street; O. N. Suderberg, Proprietor.- The Norwich Pottery and Emery Wheel Works, of which O. N. Suderberg is the sole proprietor, has since its origin in 1810 as a pottery had many changes, but all in the direction of steady growth. It is remarkable that though six changes have occurred since 1878, the original establishment, organized by Sidney Risley, in 1840, went on without a break till 18*8, when Mr. Risley died, and his son, George L. Risley, succeeded, and held it till 1881. This was a period of forty-one years in the family, a notable one in a business commu- nity which, though prosperous, is never conservative. In 1881 Mr. Benj. Chase assumed control. Two years later the business was run by G. G. Chamberlain. In 1880 Mr. O. N. Suderberg took a hand in it, and three years later admitted Mr. Pulson as a partner, under the title of Suderberg & Pulson. In 1890 Mr. Pulson retired, and Ml". Suderberg is now the sole proprietor. The success of Mr. Suderberg in the manufacture of enieiy wheels has been most marked and well attested by the large trade enjoyed, so that extended notice is scarcely necessary. In the manufacture of corundum wheels he has been equally successful. The " Norwich " emery and corun- dum wheels are of especial value because of their splendid qualities. Mr. Suderberg's experience as a practical maker, and his successes as the patentee of several of the leading wheels in the market, demon- strated his ability as a maker of first-class wheels, and he can sup- ply every mechanical need b.y his new process. He proves his faith in this by guaranteeing satisfaction. If a wheel, used in accordancs with direction, should prove ttoo hard or too soft, he is always ready to excJiange it, and make the matter satisfactory. The qualities of these wheels are, briefly: The.v are free cutting and even tem- pered; they will run equally well, wet or dry; they contain nothing but cutting properties; tliey are free from dust or smell; they will not glaze or fill up. The pottery works, which, as noted above, were the original establishment, consist of the manufacture of stone, earthen, and Rockingham ware, coloring pots for jewelers' use, etc. Mr. O. N. Suderberg is a native of Sweden. He has been in the United States twenty-two years ago, and has made his home in Nor- wich for the past four years. In 1870 he began business in Bangor, Jle. The works comprise a two-story frame building, 50x90, in which eight persons are employed. LESTER & WASLEY, Manufacturers of Envelope-making Ma- chines. No. 134 Franklin Street.— The envelope plays an important part in our everyday business and social affairs. Half a century ago unknown, and to-day the means of an in- terchange of ideas almost inconceivable in the magnitude of the re- sults. What an achievement ! The leading manufacturers of the United States of patent self-gumming envelope machinery are Jlessrs Lester ,& Wasle.v, of No. 134 Franklin Street, this city, and of this fact Norwich has re.ison to be proud. The trinnipli of their art has been the pi-oduction of the " Leader," which will gum. fold, count, and deliver in packages of twenty-five each, ready for band- ing, at the rate of 100 a minute. This magnificent product of the mechanic art is made in different sizes. They aie patented in the United States, Great Britain, France, and Germany, and have every- where met with the highest encomiums for their speed, accuracy, and the thoroughness of their construction. The business was es- tablished in 1874 by the present prop.ietors in the same location, at No. 134 Franklin Street. It is situated on two floors of the fonr- story brick building, one floor having a space of 40x60. and the other 40x100 feet. The establishment is well eq\iipped with all the latest machinery and tools for the manufacture of their machines. Tlie force employed is from fifteen to twenty, and the works are suijplied with steam power. The proprietors are t'lorough mechanics. Both were among the ablest machinists of the Old Allen Manufacturing Company, and worked for many years in much the same lines. Since 1S74, however, many improvements liave been mmle, the cul- mination of which has been reached in the almost ideal " Leader," rightly named. Mr. D. M. Lester is a native of Norwich, so that, judging by the busy city, he may be said to have been born into mechanics. He is a gentleman highl.v esteemed among his business associates. He is a Mason, and has attained the •32d degree; is a Knight Templar, and has also been honored by his fellow citizens, serving them as state representative. His colleague, Mr. F. R. Wasley, has also taken 32d degive in Masonry, is a Knight Templaf, and has filled a chair in the Board of Aldermen of this city. He was born in London, Eng.. but came to Norwich at an early age. With characteiistic attachment to the church which, in its similarity of service, breathes of unity with the best of the old country, Mr. Wasley is connected with the Episcopal church, and has served as vestryman. 182 NORWICH SECOND NATIONAL BANK.— The Second National Bank is one of the oldest of its kind in Norwich, as its title implies. It was founded in 1804. during the Civil War, which event, however calamitous in its action, conferred many inestim- able benefits on the country. Foremost among tiiese should be enumerated the formation of the national banking system, than whicli no financial agency has been of greater value to the business interests of tlie country. The Second National Bank of Norwich was organized with a capital of $100,000. Its pifs- ent capital is 8300,000, and it has a surplus of $60,000. Its last report to the treasury department showed an excellent state of affairs, and this is further attested l»y the confidence reposed in it by the shrewd business men of the city. The Second National transacts a general banking business, receives time deposits, makes collections, collects dividends, buys and sells drafts, bonds, and bills of e.xchange. Its excellent standing is due to the far-seeing and conservative management of the bank, the officers and directors of which are men of wealtli, influence, and responsibility, who cannot afford to be other than discriminating and conservative, while fully alive to all the necessities of keeping the machinery of business well oiled. The "money that makes the mare go" is always at hand, but if the further use of the expression be permitted, the mare has to be sound in wind or limb before it goes with money from this bank. The business is carried on in a splendid brick and brown- stone building built by the corporation in 1880. The banking rooms are magnificently furnished and fitted, these being on the ground floor with directors' rooms. 40x40 feet; contiecled with these are immense steel vaults, of the most approved construction, armed with all the latest devices for security from fire and theft. There is a large staff of courteous and efficient clerks on duty, and the bank enjoys a large patronage from the city and surrounding towns. The officers of the company are: E. R. Thompson, president; C. P. Cop- well, vice-president; Ira L. Peck, casliier; directors, E. R. Thomp- son. C. P. Copwell, W. R. Bunham. W. R. Austin, Lyman Gould. Every one of these gentlemen in Norwich represents a tower of financial and commercial strength, and their wise management of the Second National is the best test of their fitness for the respon- sible position they occupy. HARWOOD & CO., Grocers, No. 91 Water Street.— A well-known and deservedly prosperous house, noted for handling only first-class articles and its fair and houorable business methods, is that of Messrs. Harwood & Co., wholesale grocers and fruit dealers, at No. 91 Water Street. It was established in 1881 by the present proprietors, Messrs. C. L. Harwood and C. E. Chamberlain, who soon built up a trade of substantial proportions. The premises occupied comprise an entire three story brick build- ing 30x90 feet in dimensions, and which extends clear through the block to Commerce Street. There is here ample room for supply- ing the wants of the trade and of the public in a prompt and efficient manner, while the storage facilities are unequalled in the city. An immense and carefully selected stock of fancy and staple groceries is always in store, the assortment comprising fine teas and coffees of all kinds, pure spices, pickles, and table delicacies in great variety ; sugars, syrups and molasses; choice dairy and creamery butlers cheese and eggs; prime lard, smoked meats and fish; best brand, of family flour, meals, beans, peas, rice, .soda, saleratus, baking powder, salt, soaps, starch, crackers, biscuits, dried fruit, canned goods of every description, prepared cereals, brooms, bi-ushes, shelf goods, etc. The long practical experience of the proprietors gives them advantages in obtaining supplies unequalled by many in the trade, rendering it desirable for large buyers in search of the best qualities to inspect this stock before concluding purchases elsewhere. In the canned goods department, which has become so important a branch of the business, only those brands of meats, fruits, and vegetables are handled which experience and test have shown to be pei-fect as regards both quality and method of preservation. A leading specialty is made of foreign and domestic fruits, which are purchased in large quantities direct from the grow-ers at liome and abroad, and for which dry and cold storage is provided. The trade is very large, covering all the New England states, and is steadily growing and extending. Six assistants are employed, and ordei-s are promptly and satisfactorily filled at lowest quotations. The partners are men of wide experience in this line of trade, Mr. Har- wood having been for eleven years, and Mr. Chamberlain for seven yeai-s, intimately connected with leading houses before embark- ing in business on their own account. Mr. Harwood is a director or the Merchams' National Bank. Both members of the firm were born in this city, where they are universally esteemed and re- spected, and where they are very popular with all classes. MRS. E. AUSTIN, Domestic Bakery, No. 86 Franklin Street.-- This is one of the best conducted and most popular estab- lishmeuts of its kind in Norwich. 31rs. Austin first began business on the " West Side" in 1888, but early in 1889 re- moved to the present desirable site, which is one of the best in toun for a business of the kind. In the salesroom is at all times to be found a fine assortment of bakers' goods, bread, cake, pies, etc., a specialty being made of home-made bread. The bakery is supplied with two ovens of the best improved type, and five assistants and a delivery team are kept busy in attending to the wants of the large and liberal patronage. Mrs. Austin is a native of New Ynrk State and a lady of rare business tact and ability. She has built up a large and lucrative business, and secured the substantial regard of a host of patrons and friends. BP. LEARNED, Insurance: Over Thames National Bank. Shetucket Street. — Foremost among the leading huuses engaged in the insurance line in this city must be placed the agency conducted by Mr. B. P. Learned, whose spa- cious offices are located over the Thames National Bank, Shetucket Street. Tbis house has been in active operation for the past forty years. It was founded by Mr. E. Learned, and conducted by that gentleman up to 18fi6, when be was succeeded by his son. the present proprietor. Mr. Learned is one of the most experienced under- wj-iters in Connecticut, and represents a number ot" important com- panies, an:ong tbem the Insurance Company of North America, of Philadelphia; Home Insurance Company of New York; Guardian Assurance Company of London; Hanover Fire Insurance Company of New York; National Fire Insurance Company of Hartford; Lan- cashire Insurance Company of England; Citizens' Insurance Com- pany of New York; Insurance Company of the State of Pennsyl- vania; American Surety Company of New York; and the New York Life Insurance Company- A leading specialty is made of insuring money, securities, an I valuables of all kinds sent by mail. Policies are written to any amount at lowest terms, and all losses occurring are promptly adjusted. Mr. Learned is a native of Norwich and prominently identified with its best interests. He is an active mem- ber of the Board of Trade and a director of the Norwich Savings Bank. During the late war he served with the First Connecticut Artillery, attaining promotion from the rank of lieutenant to that of captain, and next being elevated to the rank of major. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, also of the Loyal Legion and of the Army and Navy Club, and he sustains the re- spect and esteem of all his fellow citizens. JOHN P. BARSTOW & CO., Dealers in Stoves. Furnaces, Ranges, Seeds, Farm Implements and Fertilizers, Nos. 23-25 Water Street.— The well known, enterprising house of John P. Bars- tow & Co. occupies a prominent position warranted by a long, successful career. It is not only the oldest, but the leading one of its kind in this commonwealth. Its foundation dates from 1846, when it was estabhshed by Isaac Backus & Co. It was subsequently continued by Backus & Barstow, Barstow & Palmer, and John P. Barstow successively until 1876, when Mr. Barstow was joined by Mr. Frank H. Smith and Mr. George S. Byles. Three spacious buildings are occupied, the main structure being of brick, having dimensions of 40x60 feet and a height of four stories, while the other two, also of brick, are each 40x75 feet in size and three stories in height. Throughout the premises are well equipped and i^rovided with elevators and with everj' convenience for the storage of the extensive stock of goods that is carried and the requirements of the business. In the salesroom a good display is made of stoves of all kinds, ranges and furnaces in all the new patterns, and kitchen furnishing goods of every description, a specialty being made of the "Eddy & Son" and "Cold Wave" refrigerators, which are eTbibited in all sizes for family, hotel, restaurant, grocers' and butchers' uses. The firm also deal largely in farm and garden seeds, standard fertilizers and farm intplements. The trade is widespread and extends throughout the State, and is constantly increasing. Mr. Barstow is a native of Maine, and Messrs. Smitli and Byles were both born in this State, and are prominent in business and financial circles. NORWICH, 183 ROBERT BROWN. Steam and Gas Fitter ami Plumber, Peqiiot Biiildius. Tent nil Wliarf.— In the city of Norwich none in the phimbitiK and ^as-fittiug trade is more thoroughly proficient and reliable tlian Mr. Robeit Brown. This gentleman was born in Rhode Island, whence he removed to this city some thirty years ago. In lS(i,S he founded bis present enterprise, and has gained an enviable reputation. His premises are located in the Pequot Building ou Central Wharf, and comprise an entire three-story brick structure lOxliO ft*et in dimensions. They are provided with every- thinj^ that can facilitate the transaction of the laiK'' business of which they are the cent!.'. I nun M^dii< ( n {•• t\\.ii!\ ^KiIImI hands are employed, and the range of work embraces everything in the line of steam and gas fitting, plumbing, ventilating, drainage, roofing, spouting, guttering, etc. A specialty is made of sanitarj- engineer- ing. The house has always made it a rule to do nothing but first class work and to use only the best procurable materials. In the store is always carried a full and complete assortment of plumbers' and gas-fitters' supphes and materials, such as valves, gauges. branches, gas brackets, globes, water-closet basins, bowls, urinals, registers, indicators, brass castings, pumps, rams, hydrants, iron and lead pipe. etc. These goods are offered at the lowest figures, special inducements being made to the trade, both as to prices and terms. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail in character, is very large, and covers the entire State. The house is also sole agent for the celebrated Crolon Steam Heater, which has become a leading favorite wherever introduced. Mr. Brown is a gentleman in the prime of life, and a man of energy, enterprise and experience. He has filled many public offices, among others that of alderman and of eouncilmiin for several terms. He has also served as chairman of the Board f-f Education, and was water commissioner for several years. GEORHK C. SKTCTIELT/S CARPET CLEANING ESTABLISH- MENT. No. 18 White's Court.— Few persons have any idea of the quantity of impure gases, poison germs and dust, so irri- tating to the bronchial tubes and lungs, that may be held in a carpet which has had several months of wear. A representative establishment in Norwich devoted to the cleansing of carpets by the newest and niost effective processes is that of Mr. George C. Setchell, located in the Bailey Building. No. 18 White's Court. Founded in IS89, this house has won favor and prosperity, and its patronage extends throughout the city and vicinity, also New Lon- don and other important trade centres. The premises occupied are spacious and are equipped with the latest improved machinery, including a patent cylinder and exhaust carpet cl'^aning machine, operated by ample steam power, and having the capacity for clean- ing 1.500 yards of carpet per day. The work is executed in the best style, the carpets when cleaned being returned to f *rons clean and fresh looking, freed from dirt, dust and vermin, and uninjured in fabric or seams. Mr. Setchell is agent for the celebrated Buffalo Bug and Moth Externunator, which is pronounced to be the best in tiie world. Orders left witli Mr. A. C. Hatch at No. 213 Main Street, Franklin Square, will receive prompt attention, and orders shipped from New London will be received and delivered at the depot free of charge and the freight paid for one way between the two cities. Fine work, lowest prices and prompt execution of orders are the ruling principles of this establishment. Mr. Setchell is an active and prominent member of the G. A. R., having served his country for three years in the 18th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry during the Civil War. He was one of the prisoners "A'ho fell into the hands of the Confederates. ED. HARRIS. Coal and Wood, No. 207 :\lain and No. 449 North I\lain Streets.— The ousuiess of dealing in coal and wood is an ^ important one in this city, and is well represented by E. D. Harris, who has had a valuable experience and is familiar with all the details connected with it. He commenced operations in 1884 as a member of the firm of Potter & Harris, but since 1887 has can-ifd on the enterprise on his own account. Mr. Harris's offices are at Xo. ii07 Main and 449 North Main Streets, and the coal and wood yard and docks on New Wharf. The premises are spacious and nfford ample accommodation for storage purposes, and are provided with every convenience for receiving stock. Only the very best quality anthracite coal is dealt in, the supplj' coming direct from the mines in Pennsylvania, and Mr. Harris always carries a stock of not less than flOOO tons of all sizes. He also deals in bituminous coal, and hard and soft wood, which is sold by the cord or sawed and split into any size desired. A large family trade is supplied, and many orders from manufacturers are filled, Mr. Har- ris's facilities and connections with miners and shippers enabling him to furnish coal in any quantity at the very lowest market quota- tions. From ten to twelve workmen are employed, and orders are filled on short notice. A native of Connecticut, Mr. Harris is well known in this community, where he has resided for some years. He is a prominent member of the Board of Trade and of the Ameri- can Mechanics. NORWICH PAPER BOX COMPANY, (S. E. Bliven, Proprietor,) Manufacturers of Paper Boxes, No. 101 Broadway.— The Norwich Paper Box Company has been in successful opera- tion since 1885, under the able direction and management of Mr. S. E. Bliven, the proprietor. The premises occupied are spacious and equipped with a full complement of machinery, while from twelve to fifteen hands are employed. Paper boxes of all kinds, plain and fancy, are made, special attention being given to orders for boot and shoe, hat and cap. dress goods, cutlery, medicine and jewelry boxes. The trade extends throughout the New England States. Mr. Bliven is in a position to fill orders to any extent at the lowest prices, and to guarantee the fullest satisfaction. He ig a young man of energy and enterprise, and a member of the Board of Trade and Order of American Mechanics. THE UNCAS NOVELTY COMPANY, Manufacturers of Solid Braided Sash Cord, Railroad Bell Cords, Clothes Lines. Picture Cords, Etc., No. 53 West Main Street.-- The Uncas Novelty Company is a young institution, not a strange feature in a *' novelty" company, but it has already gained a first-rate place amid the hustling business firms of this enterprising city. It was established in 1890 by John T. Brown and George JIcKay. Mr. Mc- Kaj- retired on the 1st of September last, and Mr. J. T. Brown is now the sole proprietor. Tlie firm occupies the second story, 40x80 feet in extent, of the three-story brick building No. 53 West Main Street, and manufacture solid braided sash cord, railioad bell cords, clothes lines, picture cords, masons' lines.chalk lines, fish lines, etc., in silk, cotton, and wire, for which the company has a splendid plant of improved machinery, run by steam supplied from a ten horse-power engine, .\bout eight or ten people are emploj-ed in the manufacture of the specialties of tlie Uncas Novelty Company, which has already won a widely extended market, its products being sent all over the states. It sells at wholesale only. Mr. John P. Brown, the pro- prietor of this enterprising concern, is a gentleman of middle age, wideawake and fullj* up to the requirements of the business well developing into a great enterprise. He is a member of the Board of Trade. 184 NORWICH T HE NOKVVICH FOLDED PAPER CARPET LINING CO Jll'ANY, Sliipping Street.— Among the newer maiiufacturiug establish- ments that have recently been put in successful operation in this city is the Norwich Folded Paper Carpet Lining Company, which was organized and incorporated in 1890. The building utilized is a fine new brick structure 60xlS0 feet in area and three stories in height. It is fitted up with patented machinery designed expressly for manufacturing folded paper carpet linings, and this is diiven by a So horse-power steam engine, wliile a large force of workmen is employed. The products of the concern have met with populai- fnvi.r. and the demand for them is steadily increasing, not only tliroughout New England and the State of New York, but thivugli- out the country. The officers of the company are C. D. Browning, president; F. W, Browning, treasurer; and A. W. Dickey, secretary. They are all well known in conunercial and financial circles in this city, the president being a prominent member of the Board of Trade. The folded paper carpet lining makes a poor carpet feel like a good one, a good one feel better. The soft, springy nature of the lining lends elasticity lo tlie carpet. It wears well, and saves the carpt-t from wear. It is moth-proof, and receives all dust deposit. You tread as on velvet. No noise, no hard feeling to the foot. It is easily laid, economical, clean. It is put up in neat fifty- yard rolls, each yard being numbered. Circulars and samples are mailed on request. EB. WORTHINGTON, Wholesale Paper Dealer, No. 99 Water Street. — This is a young.spirited, progressive business house, ^ and the founder, Mr. E B. Worthiiigton, who is a young man, has had an extended experience in the paper trade, and has formed first class permanent business connections with the nranwfacturers, thus enabling them to meet the requirements of dealei'S at the lowest prices. The premises occupied are of spacious dimensions and contain a large, valuable stock of paper of every description, including printing, book, manilla, straw, tissue, and tea papers; also colored jiapers, straw boards and paper bags of all sizes for idl pvn-poses, flour sacks, butter dishes, twines, and every- thing belonging to the business. The trade is steadily growing and expanding, and the outlook for the future is indeed very cheei-ing. Mr. Worthiiigton also handles tea, ofFee and spices in connection ■with the papei- business. He makes a specialty of Dnndelion coffee. "Hiis is highly recommended by all the leading medical men, for its medical effect. It is economical in use, is pleasant to the taste, and causes no bad effect; on the contrary, it tones up the system and imrifies the blood. BIr. Worthiiigton is a native of this State and a popNlar member of the Board of Trade. ND. SEVIN i SON, Druggists, No. 118 Wain Street.— One of the " institutions" of Norwich is the well-appointed phar- , macy and drug store of N. D. Sevin & Son at No. 118 Main Street. It has ministered to the wants of the citizens since 1S6.5, when it was established by Messrs Lanman & Sevin. In 1879 Mr. Lanman retired, and Mr. Sevin purchased the whole busi- ness, and in l.SSO admitted his son. Mr. F. D. Sevin. The premises occupied consist of four stories and basement. The store is a model of elegance in its appointments, and in it is an immense stock of goods — drugs, chemicals, perfumery, toilet requisites, surgical instruments, imported Havana and domestic cigars; and in fact all that enters into the stock of a first-class drug store is found there- in, in great variety, and at prices that are bound to please. The store is lighted I y electricity. A spacious pharmacy is in rear of the main store, 20x20 feet in extent, and here ripe experience in the preparation of prescriptions rules the department. Physicians and their patients may rely upon obtaining uniformly good and effica- cious medicines, of known purit.v, prepared with skill and care. < in the second door of the establishment is the wholesale department, and a room especially devoted to the application of trusses, etc. The basement is used for the storage of surplus stock. This is one of the largest retail drug stores in the State, and it has a wholesale trade covering the whole State. Mr. N. D. Sevin is a native of Con- necticut. He has been a resident of Norwich for thirty -two years, and has had over thirty years' experience in the drug business. He is a member of the Connecticut State Board of Pharmacy, and during the war he served as hospital steward, having enlisted in the 2(jth Connecticut Volunteers. He is a member of Sedgwick Post, No. 1, O. A. R , and has served in the State Legislature. He is r\>o an active Free Mason, a past commander of the Knights Templar, and a member of .B.'d degree (Scottish rite). He has been an active member of Trinity Church for many years. Mr. F. D. Sevin is a native of Norwich, a graduate of the New Y'ork College of Phar- macy, and an active Mason. JOHN BIRRACREE. Hats, Caps and Furnishings, No. 1-16 Blain Street.— This establishment was founded originally in 1650 by Mr. H. E. Haskell, and jvas conducted by him with great success for two score years, when he was succeeded by the present proprietor, Mr. Birracree, who is a native of this State, and who has had a wide range of experience in all branches of this trade. The store is neatly and attractively arranged, and the stock embraces everyiliing in the line of men's, youths', and boys' headwear, includ- ing fine high silk and cassiniere hats, round and flat crown derby hats. Alpine and other styles of soft fur, felt, and wool hats, straw- goods, fur and cloth caps in their season, etc. Mr. Birracree is also the sole agent for the celebrated Knox hats. He carries a full line of gentlemen's furnishing goods, embracing all the latest novel- ties in silk and wool mise.l. plain flannel, cheviot, and other kinds of neglige shirts; also fine white and fancy colored dress shii'ts, collars aud cuffs, hosiery, gloves, underwear in all styles, weights, and material, suspenders, latest styles in neckwear, collar and cuff buttons, scarf pins, caues, umbrellas, etc. These goods have been carefully selected, and are unsurpassed in quality, style, elegance and workmanship, -while prices are most reasonable. Orders for laundering receive jiroinpt and careful attention. Mr Birracree is a popular, courteous young man, and is highly respected in social and trade circles. FKLLOWS & RICE, Builders, Nos. 149 and 1,51 Water Street —As masons and builders, and plain and ornamental plasterers, the firm of Messrs Fellows & Rice has obtained an excellent repu- tation for the all round excellence of their work. The enter- prise -was started in 18S4 by Messrs. George E. Fellows and F. G. Rice, both natives of Connecticut, and practical and experienced workmen. They rapidl,y succeeded in securing a large and valuable patronage, and this bas kept on increasing. The premises occupied were at first located at No. 34.3 Franklin Street, but in 15S7 a re- moval was made to the commodious quarters now utilized at Nos. 149 and i.")l Water Street These comprise the ground floor and basement of a substantial brick structure, S.'ixrs feet in dimensions, in which is constantly carried a large stock of marble and slate mantels, and centre pieces, brackets, and ornaments, etc. Brick, lime, cement, hair, and sand are also handled in large quantities, and are supplied to the trade at lowest rates. Half a dozen skilled hands are employed on an average, the force of' en reaching as high as fifteen Estimates are furnished and contracts entered into for the construction and erection ot buildings, plain and ornamental plas- tering, and mason work of all kinds. .\ specialty is made of slate roofing, and the firm stands deservedl.y high in public estimation for the promptness in which they carry out all their contracts NORWICH, 185 J}*. COLLINS & CO.. Manufacturers of Collios's ImproTed Jouval Turbiuc— Tbe fame of (Rollins' Improved Jouval Tur- ^ hine, manufactured iu this city by Messrs. J. P. Collins JS Co., has spread, not only through all parts of the United States, but also to many foreign nations. The inventor and patentee, Mr. J. P. ColUns, has made a hfe study of the best methods of economi- cally utilizing water as a motive power, and his productions have met with deserved praise from the engineering and industrial world. He established himself in business originally in ISBi at Troy, X. Y.. removing to Norwich in 1878. Here he occupies spacious and well equipped quarters, and is prepared to conduct hi.s important enter- prise under the most favorable auspices and upon the largest scale. The plant covers an area of 20,000 square feet, and embraces several commodious frame buildings relegated to the various departments ot construction, equipped with thirty-five horse power steam en- jline. and otherwise admirably adapted for the advantageous prose- cution of the business. In addition to the widely known " Jouval Tur- bine,'' the product of the house likewise embraces every description of horizontal and vertical water wheels (from 150 to 750 horse power), pulleys, shafting gear, blocks, etc., two hundi-ed and fifty tons of iron being annually consumed, and constant employment being afforded to a force of from twenty-five to thirty skilled hands. Es- timates are promptly furnished and contracts completed at short notice, surveys made, and entire water power adaptation made that is available in any mill iu New England. The principles which regu- late the bu-siness policy of this house are such as entitle it to general respect and confidence, while the great extent ot its operations has made its position one of national prominence and placed its founder and his associates in the front rank of Connecticut's industrial repre- eentatires. Some criterion of the industrial character ot the con- nections of this house may be deduced from the statement that it is estimated that one fourth of all the cotton spindles in this country operated by water power are driven by the Collins Improved Jouval Turbine. JDALTON, Manufacturer of Silk Mitts, Gloves, Etc., Chestnut Street.— An establishment whose operations have proved a most important adjunct to the commercial prosperity ot Norwich is that owned by Mr. J. Dalton, manufacturer of silk mitts, gloves, jersey cloths and kindred fabrics, on Chestnut Street This business was originally established by Mr. Dalton at Williamsburg. N. Y., in IMil, he removing to Norwich in 1,S88 at the solicitation of the Board of Trade, witli the view ot tormmg a stock company. Not having as yet carried out this intent, Mr. Dal- ton has ably conducted the affairs of the enterprise alone. The premises, occupied comprise acoramodious second floor, 40x100 feet in dimensions, with two wings, JOxGO feet, equipped with thirty -five horse power steam engine, three warp frames of three tons each, two lace machines of five tons each, two patent p,ittem machines, winders, etc., employment being furnished to thirty skilled ope- rators. The silk niitt-s, gloves, jersey cloths, veilings, hair nets, and suspen.sory fabrics here produced are unexcelled by anything in the market. The weekly output of this concern averages some four hundred dozen articles weekly. The salesroom ot the concern is located at No. .5-..'9 Broadway, New York City, where a large .sample stock is at all limes carried, an extensive trade bemg enjoyed, which is broadly distributed over tbe United States. Mr. Dalton is ot English nationality, and has been a respected resident of America for ths past forty two years. His long practical experience on both sides ot the Atlantic gives him peculiar advantages for this branch of trade, while his personal high character is a sufficient assurance that all transactions will receive faithful attention. AL ALLEN. Grocer, Etc . Corner Market and Water Street^.— This gentl''man began business here some time ago, and has gained a widely extended reputation tor the high charac- ter of his goods and the care he exercises in meeting the wants of his customers. His premises comprise a large store and basement, each with a capacity of 1i^x% feet. The store is a model of neatness and order. The business is divided into two departments, one being devoted to groceries and the other to wooden ware, etc. The stock carried is a large and comprehensive one, and includes the choicest fresh crop teas and coffees: the finest flour made in the country: butter, canned goods, pickles, table delicacies of all kinds, grocers' sundries ot every description, foreign and domestic fruits, vegetables in season; poultry, game; wooden ware, etc.; in fact, everything pertaining to this line of trade. The stock is fre- quently renewed, and kept ui> to the highest standard of excellence, while the prices are kept at the lowest point consistent with a living business. Mr. Allen is ever at the post of duty, exercising a close supervision over his affairs, and he anil his assistants are kept busy. Mr. Allen is a native of this state, is held in the highest estimation by the community, and his prospects iu the near future are of the most favorable character. EK. REYNOLDS, Crockery, Etc., No. 159 Main Street.— The late Mr. E. M. Reynolds founded this popular and largely J patronized establishment in 1877, and when he died in 18SC his widow succeeded to the sole control ot the business, which she has continued with marked success, and which consists of dealing in crockery, china, and glassware of Kuropean and American manu- facture, also stand and hanging lamps, iu the newest designs, lamp goods, triple plated silverware, including everything for the appoint- ment of the table, housefurnishing goods of all kinds, and a wide range ot fancy articles for use and ornament. This establishment is the headquarters for art pottery of all kinds, and the assortment ot goods is one of the finest and best to he seen in the city. It is always kept up to a full standard by tbe arrival of fresh invoices direct from the leading importers and niaiuifacturers. The store has a frontage ot 30 with a depth ot ,70 feet, extending through to No. 17 Shetucket Street. In its appointments it is very handsome and attractive. The trade comes from the city and all the adjacent sections, is both wholesale and retail in its character, and in each succeeding year it is constantly growing and expanding. In and about the premises there is always a scene of busy activity. COOK & LESTER, Wholesale Fruit, Etc., No. 153 Water Street.— Few houses are so well equipped tor successful and satisfactory service as that of Messrs. Cook and Lester, the well known wholesale dealers and commission merchants in fruits, pota- toes, berries, and general country produce. This house was estab- lished by Mr. Adis Cook in 1884, he tour years later forming a copart- nery with Mr. J. F. Lester, when the present firm style was adopted. They are both thoroughly experienced merchants, commanding a wide and valuable acquaintance in trade circles, and are active, en- terprising, and capable to a marked degree. They have developed an extensive trade, throughout this entire section. Their premises com- prise a commodious ground floor and basement, 40x80 feet iu dimen- sions. The advantages possessed by Mes.'rs. Cook and Lester are ot the best possible character, and their transactions are marked by prompt attention to every detail. The facilities and resources of the house are admirable for reachiug a desirable class of buyers, and its distinguishing policy is the activity displayed in placing con- signments and in making prompt and satisfactory returns. In every department ot the business the most perfect system prevails for in- suring all the advantages of the market, while the reputation of the house tor fair and honorable dealing is an additional inducement to those requiring such service. Both members ot the firm are na- tives of Norwich, and well deserving of the substantial success they have achieved. RS. BARTLETT, Dealer in Choice Family Groceries, Etc., No. 4 Main Street, Breed Hall.— Mr. Bartlett established business at his present address in 1881. Prior to that he had been engaged iu the same line in his native town, Killingly, Conn., before coming to this city. He has developed a large, strictly first-class trade, and won an enviable reputation for straightforivard business methods. The spacious store occupied is excellently situated for business purposes, and is very neatly and conveniently fitted up. It is filled with an extensive assorlment ot staple and fancy groceries of every variety, also fruits and pro- visions. A leading specialty is made of choice family flour and creamery butter, of which the best is always kept on hand. Mr. Bartlett is sole agent in Norwich for the celebrated " Vienna Haxall, " Red River flour, which is the best flour to he found in the market, and ot which he always has a full supply. Four clerks and two delivery teams are employed, and all orders are filled promptly and satisfactorily. Mr. Bartlett takes an active interest in the affairs of the city, has served creditably as a member ot the Common Coun- cil, and he enjoys the fullest esteem of all his fellow citizens. 186 NORWICH, PORTEOUS & MITCHELL, Importers, Jobbers, aud Retailers of Dry Goods, Xos. S3, 93. and 95 Main Street, and Nos. IM to 108 Water Street.— Distinguished as a leading house in the drj- goods trade o( Xoiwicli is that of Messrs. Porteous & Mitchell, w)iich is recognized as one of the largest in the state. It was established in 18T3 by Hislop, Porteous & Mitchell, who main- tained branches in several cities throughout the country. In 1890 Mr. Hislop retired, and since then the business has been continued by Messrs. Porteous & Mitchell. The premises occupied cover an area of 2T,000 square feet. The buildings are numbered 83. 93, 95 Main Street, aud Nos. 104 to 108 Water Street, six floors being util- ized, besides a commodious basement, 200x450 feet in dimensions. All the departments are thoroughly systematized and provided with cash carriers and other modern facilities. The firm are the largest importers, jobbers, and retailers in British, French, German, aud American dri,' goods in this section. They carry an inmiense stock of goods, and command an extensive trade, necessitating the em- ployment of from 50 to TO hands. Everything new. seasonable, and fashionable in silks, dress goods, woolens, ribbons, laces, notions, and fancy goods is always to be found on sale here: also cloaks, saeques, dolmans, etc.: full line of Axniinster. body Brussels. Mo- quette. Wilton, and other kinds of carpets in new beautiful patterns. The wholesale department is ably directed. The display made in all the departments is very attractive, and altogether the establishment is unquestionably the finest in the city. Mr. John Porteous and Mr. Archibald Mitchell, the copartners, sustain a high reputation as business men and citizens, and are prominent members of the Board of Trade. They were both born in Scotland, but have been in this country upwards of a quarter of a century, and in Norwich since 18T3. Previous to that date they were with the firm of Brown, Thompson & Co., at Hartford. REISS & WHOLEY (Successore to Myron Sears). Dealers in Stoves, Ranges, Tin, Iron, and Granite Ware, Tin Roofing, Plumbing, Etc., No. 12 Ferry Street.— Of those engaged in Norwich in the manufacture and sale of tin, copper, and sheet iron ware, stoves, etc., none are able to show a cleaner or more honorable record than Messrs. Reiss Jt Wholey (successors to Myron Sears), This is one of the oldest concerns engaged in this line in this section of the state. The enterprise was founded in 1845 by Mr. H. J. Roath, who about twelve years later admitted Mr. Dennison as a partner, under the title of Roath & Dennison. Seven yeai-s later the firm became and remained until 1866 Roath & Bates; in that yearit became Roath & Sears, and in 1869 Mr. Sears assumed sole control. In 1888 he was succeeded by the prest-nt firm, which consists of Mr. James W. Reiss (a native of Brooklyn, N. T.) and Mr. Andrew J, Wholey (a native of this state). They occupy a spacious three story and basement structure, and manufacture tin. copper, and sheet iron ware. Skilled workmen are employed, and a specialty is made of metal roofing, spouting, guttering, and plumbing. Estimates are furnished, and contracts entered into, and all work is executed at lowest prices. In stock will be found evei-ythiiig in the line of tin, copper, galvanized, and sheet iron ware, hollow, cast, and granite ware, and other household articles. A fine display is made >f parlor, office, and cooking stoves, ranges, furnaces, heaters, grates, oil and gas stoves, etc. The firm are the agents for the well known *' Mod- el ■' range, which is conceded to be the greatest wonder of the age, and is guaranteed to give satisfaction or no sale. The firm also makes a specialty of the Rutland stove lining, which fits any stove. and is the best article of its kind in the market. Both partners are courteoJS, popular business men. CE. BRADT, Hack. Livery, Boarding, and Sale Stable. Nos. 2 and 4 East JIain Street —Norwich is famous for its long estab- lished business enterprises, but comparatively few of these can look back on so extended a career of usefulness as can that conducted by Mr. C. E. Brady on East Main Street, near Bridge, for this is one of the oldest undertakings of the kind in this section of the state, having been founded very nearly a century ago. The present proprietor is a native of Canada, and has been in possession since ISSO. He is very prominently identified with the stable busi- ness, owning an extensive establishment at Eastern Point in .iddi- tion to the on? already mentioned. Mr. Brady is proprietor of twenty -five horses, fifteen of which are kept at the East Main Street stable, where there are also twenty to thirty carriages adapted to livery and hacking purposes, embracing landaus. English victorias, coupes, landauletts, coupe rockaways. wagonettes carry ing nine people, and every style of light carriage to be had. A very extensive hack, hvery. boarding, aud sale business is done, and everything in and about the premises is kept in first class condition, employment being given to four experienced assistants. Hacks will be furnished for parties, weddings, funerals, and other occasions at very short notice, and at prices that are sure to prove satisfactory. The stable has telephone connection and orders sent thus or by mail are assured as prompt and painstaking attention as if given in person. Mr. Brady has some fine single and double teauis for lively purposes, and those who want to go out on the road and ■' look as well as their neighbors,*' will find his turnouts just suited to their taste, as they will compare favorably with the large ma- jority of private equipages. FJ. MOCLTON, Photographer, No. 161 Main Street,— This es- tabUshment presents a neat and inviting appearance, is well arranged and fully equipped with the varied parapher- nalia and accessaries for successf id photography, and aff oi-ds every convenience for operations and accommodation of patrons. The reception rooms, which are 20x:35 feet in area, are handsomely furnished and contain many beautiful specimens of Mr. Moulton's handwork, while the operating room is 25x25 feet in dimensions. A special feature is made of portraiture, and the work is unsurpassed and highly commended for general excellence and superior finish. Pastile, crayon, India ink, oil and water color work is a specialty: and also copying and enlarging pictures, which is executed in the highest style of the art. .Mr. Moulton, who is doing a splendid busi- ness, is a native of New Hampshire, where he was in the photographic business a quarter of a century previous to locating in this city. which he did in 1889, and where he has acquired as-igh reputation. His prices are moderate and all bis work of the highest quality. JKEMPXER, Merchant Tailor, No. 160 Main Street.— This is a most ably conducted, popular, and progressive house, and ^ has always maintained a high reputation for superior goods and sti-aightforward business methods. Mr. Kempner, who is a native of Germany, and who came to the United States in 1865, founded this enterprise in 1877, and has occupied his present prem- ises since 1883. These premises comprise the first and second floors of a substantial three-story brick building, the first floor being used as salesroom and the second for manufacturing purposes. Employ- ment is furnished to a force of skilled aud experienced hands. The store is neatly and attractively fitted up. and is rejilete with a superb and valuable assortment of French, German, English, and domestic broadcloths, cassimeres, woolens, worsteds, tweeds, mel- tons, cheviots, etc., tor overcoatings, suitings, trouserings, and vest- ings. Garments are made to order in the very latest and most fashionable styles, and as the proprietor gives his personal attention to the measuring, cutting, and fitting of all garments made here, he is prepared to guarantee an easy, comfortable, and stylish fit. artistic workmanship, finish, and durability. Mr. Kenii)uer is fully abreast of the times in all matters pertaining to his business, and is a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias and Odd Fellows, AL. FENSLEY, Dealer in Paper, Paper Bags, Twine, Etc., No. 264 Main Street.— That important branch of commerce de- , voted to the paper trade has an enterprising exponent in this city in Mr. A. L Fensley. whose headquarters are located at No. 264 Main Street. He founded this enterprise in 1890, and h.-is developed a large, active, and steadily growing patronage. The premi.ses occupied comprise a store 20x60 feet in dimensions, admirably fitted up for the dispatch of business A heavy stock is carried of straw and manilla paper, in all weights and sizes, also paper bags, flour sacks, twines, butter distes, paper boxes o( all kinds, blank boots in all sizes and weights, etc. Both a w holesale and retail demand is supplied, and the influential connections of the house enable the proprietor to quote the lowest prices and to fill all orders at shortest notice. Particular attention is given to the print- ing of bags, orders being met on the most favorable terms. Mr. Fensley is a native of Norwich, is an active member of the order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, and is popular in both busi- ness and social circles. NORWICH. IS? JB. SHAW, Harness, Etc., No. 213 Main Street.— The oUiest, best known, and leading manufactmerof hnruessand dealer in horse clothing in tliis city is unquestionably Mr. John IJ. Shaw. He was born in the state of New York, has lived in Norwich many years, and eonimenced business liere in 1H41. He has always taken an active interest in local afTairs. and for several terms has been a member of city council. His business premises comprise a store and workshop, each 25x75 feet in area, and every facility is at hand for executing wor k in a superior style on short notice. Mr. Shaw manufactinvs single and double, light and heavy harness of all kinds, and makes a specialty of light, driving, road, and track harness, special attention being given to repairing. In the store he keeps on sale a full line of liarness. saddles, !)riiiles, whips, blankets, nets, and horse clothing of every description, carriage robes, trunks. valises, bags, etc. This establishment is a leading headquarters for this line of goods, and is well patronized by the best class of citizens. — — RICHARD W. TOBIN. Cigars. Tobaccos, Etc.. No. 8 Main Street. —Mr. Tobin. the proprietor of this prosperous business estab- lishment, was born in Ireland, and came to the United States in 1881, and in 1887 founded his present establishment, which, as a consequence of his straightforward business methods, has grown in popular favor. The premises utilized are commodious and ad- mirably fitted up. Several skilled cigar-makers are employed. In the neat, well kept store a complete line of cigars of high quality and excellent fragrance is carried. These are offered at wholesale and retail, and at prices not easily duplicated elsewhere. The stock also includes cigarettes, smoking and chewing tobaccos, snuffs, pipes, cigar holders and smokers' articles of all kinds. Mr. Tobi»' is a courteous and enterprising young man, and very popular. Danielsonville. ANIELSONVILLE is one of those busy centres of industrj- in the "Land of Stead}- Habits" that have arisen within living memory from out of a wilderness of woods, shrubs, and undergrowth, ia the valleys watered and drained by streams that have been invaluable in the development and manufactures and commerce of one of the most prosperous states on the American continent. A little over a century ago the village of Danielsonville was unknown and had no history, for it bad of itself no existence, and to-day it is a live, go-ahead, prosperous, and populous manufacturing centre, and one of the brightest and most promising of the towns in the commonwealth of Connecticut. A Mr. Danielson wa* tlie first white settler here — hence the name Danielsonville. He founded a grist-mill on the banks of the river, opposite Brooklyn, and the site was within the old town of Killingly. The Danielsonville (cotton) Manu- factnrins;; Company was the second concern of the kind formed in Windham County, and for a long time the growth of the place was limited to the demands of the factory. The promoters of this enterprise, however, set themselves the task to raise here a manufacturing and commercial town, and aided by the opening of the Nor- wich and Worcester Railroad, which brought quickening growth and expansion, they may be said to hav& accomplished their design, and others profiting by their example have commendably elaborated in various commercial channels the work this company so energetically began. From river to depot, and onward to Wcstfield village, and east, west, and south into the surrounding country, it was soon built up with houses, stores, and public buildings, and the population multiplied and increased. The three villages of Westfield, Danielsonville, and East Brooklyn were united in 1850 in the borough of Danielsonville, and assumed local government. The borough authorities are an elective body, and the affairs of the town have, on the whole, been sacaciously and economically directed. Public improvements have been carried out with vigor and enter- prise, and the town presents wide, well laid-out thoroughfares, substantial business blocks, and neat, corafort- able-lookinrj dwellings. During the last decade the manufacturing establishments have markedly grown in number and extent, and arc equipped with the most eflScient, recently improved machinery and other appliances, arc under able and progressive management, and afford constant employment to a large number of work-people. The mercantile houses, too, have assumed quite a metropolitan character, being stocked with merchandise of every description that can contribute to the essential wants as well as to the luxurious tastes of the people who, on evcrv hand, evince intelligence and progress. There appears to be no stagnation in any part of the town. While there is excellent opportunity for capital to be invested, any one who has as mucli energy and ability and business tact as those who are already liere, can get on, can make money and can save it. The local pride of the inhabitants of Danielsonville is most commendable, and its results are seen not only in their business enterprise, but in tiieir private residences, and the ample provision made for the religious and educational advancement of th>' comniunitv. The citizens in the main are a church-going people, while the graded school system, inaug- 188 D ANIELSONVILLE. urated cbiefly tlirongh the exertions of Mr. J. Q. A. Stone, the able editor of the Windham County Transcript will compare favorably with that of any city in the state. There is a large and beautiful high school, which WAS opened 1871. The arts and sciences are cultivated and fostered, and evidences are to be seen on every hand of culture and refinement, not only of a private character coupled vrith wealth, but of a public characte- as well. The public Music Hall in this place is one of the finest in the state, and is especially worthy of men, tion for the excellent manner in which entertainments are mounted and presented, chiefly in the form of instructive lectures during the winter season. It will be seen that possessing all the advantages adverted to, Danielsonvillc affords an encouraging field for the capitalist and manufacturer in which to locate as a base of operations for every channel of trade, offering the most brilliant prospects for the future to the investor, and affordinff in her educational, moral, and social advantages an eminently desirable place for residence. ********* In the following pages will be found a brief review^of the principal mercantile and manufacturing houses of Danielsonville, to whom we commend the favorable attention of all into whose hands this volume may fall. EW. HAYWARD, Merchant Tailor, Clothier, Etc., No. 38 Main Street.— The popular establishment of Mr. E. W. Hayward, the well-knowu merchant tailor, clothier' and mens' fur- nisher, is a credit to his intelligent enterprise and ability. He laid the foundation of its present prosperity in 1879 as a copartner in the firm of Durkee & Hayward. but since 1886 has conducted the business alone and has met with a substantial success. He occupies a double store having an area of 30x00 feet, with a work.shop, 15x30 feet in size, in the rear. The sales- rooms are a model of neatness and order, and here Mr. Hay- ward has brought together a splendid stock of goods dis- tinguished for superior excellence, and wliich are peculiarly and commendably characteristic of this establishment. In the merchant tailoring department a fine exhibit is made of elegant imported "and domestic woolens, worsteds, trouserings, vestings, overcoatings, etc., which are cut and made to measure in the best manner in the prevailing Boston and New York fashion, a perfect fit being guaran- teed. The clothing department is stocked with everything desirable for men, boys, and children, and which have been made up from the best materials and in the latest styles. In the furnishing goods department is displayed a wonderful array of handsome neckwear' collars, cuffs, fine shirts, underwear, hosiery, gloves, and everything new and stylish belonging to this branch of the business. The lowest prices prevail and a brisk business is done. Mr. Hayward is a native of this state, and during his business career has won a foremost position among tlie reliable business men in this part of the state. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and stands high in commercial and in social circles. CF. CHAP.MAN, Dealer in Meats, Etc., No. 133 Main Street.— Among those actively engaged supplying the residents of Danielsonville and vicinity with fresh and salted meats is Mr. C. F. Chapman, whose establishment is the oldest of its kind in town. It has been in successful operation since 1840, when it was opened by Mr. B. F. Chapman, who continued it until 18V8, when Mr. C F. Chapman took control. He has made many improvements in the pretnises, and has made a close study of the wauts and requirements of the people, and is always well prepared to fill orders and give the best satisfac- tion. He selects and slaughters his own cattle, has the finest and best quality of fresh beef, veal, lamb, mutton, pork, smoked and salted meats and provisions, and lard, tripe, sausage, fresh eggs, country produce, etc., always on hand. A specialtj- is made of live and dressed poultry and game, when in season. The store, which is 40x50 feet in area, is kept scrupulously neat and clean, and is well provided with refrigerators, ice boxes, and every convenience for flIUng orders at the shortest notice. Six clerks and assistants are employed, and three teams are i:tilized for making deliveries in town and environs. Mr. Chapman is a native of this state, is a member of the Order of Odd Fellows, and has a w ide circle of friends and rtoquaiutances. QUINEBAUG STORE, General Merchandise; Charles Phillips, Agent.— Every locality of any magnitude affords some enter- prising concern prepared to conduct the general merchandise business on a scale and in a manner that will insure fresh and flrst-class goods in large variety and at reasonable prices. In this connection the house known as the Quinebaug Store, of whioh Mr. Chas. Phillips is agent, ranks among the most prominent and popular in Danielsonville. This concern has been in active operation for the past fifteen years, and under Mr. Phillips' able guidance a large trade has been built up. The premises occupied comprise an eligible three story brick structure, SO.xTOfeet in dimensions, equipped with water power, grain elevator, and two run of stones, having a daily output capaeitj' for 500 bushels, the flour and grist mill being located some little distance from the store, on the banks of the Quinebaug. Acommodious meat market is conducted in connection with the general interest, and having a capaeitj' of 25x50 feet. The trade, which is both wholesale and retail, is broadly distributed over this entire section, the stock handled embracing dry and fancy goods, hats and caps, boots and shoes, staple and fancy groceries and provisions, fresh, salted and smoked meats, grain, flour, feed, and the usual complement of the well-appointed and nbly managed "general store." Mr. Phillips was born in Providence, R. I., and has had charge of this enterprise from the date of its inception, and in its management has displayed great tact and ability. WN. ARNOLD & CO., Dealer in Fine Groceries, No. 178 Main Street.— One of the most complete and excel- lent general grocery stores of Danielsonville is that of Mr. W. N. Aruold (trading as W. N. Arnold & Co.), who recently succeeded to the business founded in 1878 by Mr. Albert Dewing. Besides a first-class assortment of staple and fancy groceries, including choice teas, coffees, spices, canned goods, dried fruits, pickles, preserves and table luxuries, prime dairy butter, cheese, fresh eggs, best brands of family flour, meal, beans, rice, salt, soda, syrups, molasses, fish, lard, smoked meats, fruits, vegetables, and country produce, a fine line of crockery, glassware, and household specialties may be found here at remarkablj- low prices. Only the very best goods are handled, quality and quantity being guaranteed, and, as a conse- quence, a large patronage is enjoyed. The business prerinses com- prise a well-ordered store SOxGO feet in dimensions, with an 18x30 feet storehouse in rear, while three efficient assistants arc employed, with two teams in steady service suppl.ving customers all over the neighborhood. BIr. Arnold, who was born in Rhode Island in 1839, is a man of strict integrity in his dealings, as well as of experience and good business qualifications. GP. CARD. Dealer in General Merchandise, No. 302 Main Street. —This house was originally established in 1S8-2 by Mr. C. P. Card, who was succeeded some five .vears later by Mr. S. W. Card, the i)resent proprietor. He occupies an eligible and central location, and his establishment is not only very spacious and commodious, but is fitted iip with every convenience to facilitate the filling of all orders. The stock carried embraces a full assortment of dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, flour, grain, feed, etc.; in fact, everything usually found in the merchandise of a flrst-class house of this kind, while the prices compare most favorabl.v with those of any metropolitan house. Mr. Card is a gentleman of extraordinar.v ability, tact, and energy, who gives the closest attention to the requirements of the trade, and labors zealously to extend his patron- age by painstaking and accommodating service to all classes of cus- tomers. He is a native of Connecticut, a prominent member of the Masonic order, and enjoys an enviable reputation throughout this section for his conscientious and liberal business transactions. DANIELSONVILLB. isa RS. LATIIROl', JIaiuifactmvr ot Keeds, Etc.— The business whicli Jlr. R. S. Latliiiip is now conducting with suuh nmikcd ability and success is one of the oldest of the kind in this vicinity. It was founded in Iffl" as the Reed Manu- facturing Company by Mr. E. R. linker, who conducted the enter- prise for three years, and was tlieii succeeded by Mr. W. S. Short, who ilied in I.SG."), wlien Mr. Daker again became i)roprietor. In 1870 Sir. K. S. Lalhrop bought the business and continued it until his death in 18.S'.'. when liis son. Jlr. H. V. Lathrop, a.ssumed control of the eslabhshnient, which he has carried on in Iiis father's name. The premiseioccupied comprise the seconii lloor of a building 40.v80 feet in dimensions, and these are well eipiipped with special machin- ery and all the appliances, operated by a SO-horse-power steam engine and 40-horsc-power boiler. A force of skilled hands is em- ployed in the manufacture' of all kinds of line, sectioii, and marker reeds; also slasher combs, wliich are highly recommended for gen- eral superiority and efficiency, and which are iii use in all the cotton and woolen mills in this and adjoining stales. Mr. Latlu'op, who was born in Connecticut, has resided in Danielsonville most of his lite. He is a thorough, practical workman, having been biought up to the business luider the careful tuition of his father. Every attention is paid to repairing, which is done neatly and in the best manner. Mr. Lathrop is a gentleman in middle life, a member of the Order of Freemasons, and sustains a high reputation in this comnnuiity. GEORGE LEAVENS. Dry Goods. No. 124 Main Street.— Mr. Geo. Leavens has the distinction of having been longer engaged in the dry goods trade hereabouts than any others in the business. He conmienced opei-ations in 1856 as a member of the firm of Leavens & Ames, and succeeded to the entire control in I8T5. By fair and equitable dealing he has built up a fine, substantial trade. His business premises comprise an area of abtiut 3000 square feet, and are handsomely fitted up. Here is displayed a large and valuable assortment of imported and domestic staple and fancy dry goods, embracing silks and a wide range of dress fabrics, velvets, linens, laces, white goods, ribbons, hosiery, notions, trimmings, small wares, blankets, prints, muslins, ladies' and gentlemen's furnishing goods, etc. A special department is devoted to cloaks nnil wrajis for ladies and children, and these represent the latest lioston and New York styles, and are perfect in fit, material, and make. The newest and most stylish goods are always to be found here at the very lowest prices, and satisfaction is guaranteed. Mr. Leavens is a native of Killingly. is a gentleman in the prime of life. and is respected for bis commercial honor and probity. The store is one of the most popular in town, and the trade is active and brisk. HAMJIELL & BROOKS, Grocers, No. 23 Railroad Square.— This is one of the most reliable and prominent houses in Daniel- sonville in the grocery trade. It was established in 18GT by the James Bros., who were succeeded in 1883 by Mr. R. H. James, and in.the spring of 1890 it came imder the control of Messrs. Hamniell r the receipt anil sbippitig of goods, including raih-oad facil- ities. The stock embraces full lines of paints, oils, varnishes, i>rushes, glass, japans, colors, white lead, and all kinds of painters' supplies. Only the best and most reliable goods are handled, and the prices quoted are as low as the lowest. Mr. Chappell also attends carefully to house, sign, and ornamental painting, paper hanging, glazing, graining, kalsomining, etc. All work is executed in a first class manner, and t>venty painters and other workmen are employed . Mr. Chappell has had long experience, and is highly regarded in business circles for his energy, skill, and integrity. He served as a burgess for two years, is a prominent Freemason, and is one of our progressive and public-spirited citizens. STEARNS HARNESjS COMPANY, Harness and Supplies for the Horse, Carriage, and Stable, No. 80 Main Street.— The l.iigest and most successful establishment of its kind in this thriving town is unquestionably that of the Stearns Harness Company, No. 80 Main Street. The business has been established some years, and under the able management of Mc-. W. L. Steains, the proprietor, a first class, substantial trade has been secured. The premises occupied consist of a store 86x40 feet in area, and of well- equipped workshops in the basement, 20x36 feet, and in the rear. These are in every way well adapted for the business, and.orders are filled in the most satisfactoiy maiuier. A full stock of harnesses of every description, and in various mountings, is kept on sale; also collars, bridles, saddles, whips, robes, blankets, nets, combs, brushes, and supplies for the horse, carriage, and stable of every kind. In the manufacturing department every care is exercised in making single, double, light, and heavy harnesses, and also in repairing. The best materials only are used, and the work is freely guaranteed as to strength and durability. Mr. Stearns is a young man. energetic and progre.ssive, and sustains a high reputation in this community us a business man and useful citizen. NATURE'S REMEDIES VERSUS DRUGS. J^O NG_ L IFE AND_ GOOD HEAL TH. GENUINE KICKAPOO INDIAN REMEDIES. ^?^^ ^^Wm^'^l0w«^ i!i'^^^^''^'v'^^^^ KICKAPOO INDIAN SAGWA. THE GREAT INDTA.N KBIMEDY. 77i,- Piin-s/. Sn/est, /^' 0; BRAVE BEAR. Q'.HOLE 111 THE BAY. HEADaUARTERS KICKAPOO INDIAN MEDICINE CO., B-il, S;'3 .t S-i3 UJl.i.yji AVJCNUE, .v/;ir HAfEy, row. SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 192 University of Connecticut Libraries d'"'^ mv^'^