university of Connecticut libraries BOOK 974.67.P197H v 1 c , 3 ^153 OOOSSflfiO 1 fr<- HISTORY OF WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY CONNECTICUT, By WM. J._PAPE Editor of the WaterburyRepublican ILLUSTRATED VOLUME 1 1 CHICAGO — NEW YORK THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1918 CONTENTS CHAPTER I A BIRDSEYE VIEW IX TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WATERBURY HAS ABOUT GROWN OUT OF KNOWLEDGE OF ITS OLD SELF ITS INDUSTRIAL SUCCESS THE WORK OF MASTERFUL MINDS HER FAME IN METAL MAKING NOW WORLD-WIDE INTENSITY OF PRODUC- TION IN NAUGATUCK VALLEY HARDLY EQUALED IN ANY OTHER LIKE EXTENT OF TERRITORY IN THE COUNTRY I CHAPTER II THE OFFICIAL .CHRONICLES OF THE CITY OF WATERBURY THE FIGHT FOR CONSOLIDATION OF CITY, TOWN AND SCHOOL GOVERNMENT TAXATIOX CHANGES IN A QUARTER CENTURY THE TAX RATES AND THE GRAND LISTS THE BONDED DEBT STREET IMPROVEMENT CITY HALL, WATER, SCHOOL AND SEWAGE BOND ISSUES CITY OFFICIALS SINCE 1893 ITS LEGISLATORS MUTUAL AID SOCIETY POLICE DEPARTMENT START OF THE DETECTIVE SERVICE THE CONSTABULARY FORCE HOW THE DEPART- MENT WORKS THE TROLLEY STRIKE OF I9O3 SKETCHES OF FORMER CHIEF EGAX AND SUPERINTENDENT GEORGE M. BEACH THE FIRE DEPARTMENT ITS GROWTH IN NUMBERS AND EQUIPMENT THE FIRE OF I9O2 RECORD OF BIG FIRES SINCE 1893 THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT 4 CHAPTER III THE CITY'S PHYSICAL PROBLEMS AND CHANGES ITS SITE NOT IDEAL RECONSTRUCTION OF LEADING THOROUGHFARES ITS NEW BRIDGES THE WATER SYSTEM AND THE BUILDING OF ITS GREAT CHAIN OF RESERVOIRS THE SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANT NOT YET COMPLETED LONG LITIGATION WITH FACTORY' OWNERS SEWER CONSTRUCTION OF A QUARTER CENTURY THE NAUGATUCK RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN THE WATERBURY- DERBY BARGE CANAL PROJECT 3O CHAPTER IV PUBLIC BUILDINGS OLD CITY HALL AND ITS AUDITORIUM MAYOR ELTON REMODELS BLTILDING ITS DESTRUCTION BY FIRE NEW BUILDING PROJECTED BONDS VOTED AND COM- iii iv CONTENTS PETITION ENDS IN SELECTION OF CASS GILBERT AS ARCHITECT DESCRIPTION COST THE DEDICATION EXERCISES IN "OLD HOME" WEEK SALE OF THE OLD CITY HALL PROPERTY THE WATERBURY COURTHOUSE DESCRIPTION THE AGITATION FOR A FEDERAL BUILDING HOW ITS SITE WAS SELECTED CONSTRUCTION — DESCRIPTION 42 CHAPTER V PARKS AND CEMETERIES FIRST MAP OF HAMILTON PARK ENLARGING THE CITY'S HOLDINGS LAND- SCAPE WORK DRAINAGE FOR PONDS ANNUAL TAX PROVIDES FOR PARK IMPROVEMENTS CHASE PARK CREATED SWIMMING POOL A BIG SUCCESS ATHLETIC FIELD EQUIPPED PLAYGROUNDS BOUGHT FOR DIFFERENT SEC- TIONS OF CITY THE MUNICIPAL FIELD DAYS THE LATER HISTORY OF THE GREEN THE CLOCK AND THE FLAGSTAFF THE FRANKLIN STATUE THE CITY'S CEMETERIES 52 CHAPTER VI SCHOOLS, LIBRARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY GROWTH IN SCHOOL POPULATION TWO IMPORTANT CHANGES IN SCHOOL GOV- ERNMENT ITS NEW MODEL HIGH AND GRAMMAR SCHOOL STRUCTURES OUTSIDE SCHOOL DISTRICTS INCLUDED EVENING SCHOOLS MEDICAL IN- SPECTION MANUAL TRAINING PLAYGROUNDS SALESMANSHIP SCHOOL CONTINUATION SCHOOL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VALUE AND EXTENT OF SCHOOL PROPERTY PRIVATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS DAVID C. PORTER BEQUEST LIBRARY AND MATTATUCK HISTORICAL SOCIETY 6l CHAPTER VII TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION THREE NOTABLE INDUSTRIAL TRIUMPHS ELIMINATION OF GRADE CROSSINGS ERECTION OF THE UNION DEPOT DOUBLE-TRACKING THE ROADS ENTERING WATERBURY COST OF IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN A DECADE IN WATERBURY'S TERMINALS RAMIFICATION OF THE TROLLEY SYSTEM— ITS GROWTH FROM HORSE CAR LINE TO THE NETWORK OF PRESENT EXTENSIONS THE GREEN LINE TELEGRAPH, TELEPHONE AND EXPRESS 92 CHAPTER VIII THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES OF WATERBURY, 1892-1917 the first church the second, third and bunker hill church, congre- gational italian congregational st. john's and trinity episcopal — st. paul's, waterville — first m. e., grace, st. paul's, south and WEST SIDE HILL M. E. FIRST, SECOND AND GRACE BAPTIST GERMAN AND SWEDISH LUTHERAN CHURCHES ADVENT CHRISTIAN BUCK'S HILL, UNION, WATERVILLE CHAPELS IO7 CONTENTS v CHAPTER IX THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF WATERBURY CATHOLIC POPULATION BY PARISHES — IMMACULATE CONCEPTION — ST. PAT- KICK'S ITS DEDICATION SACRED HEART ST. ANN'S ST. CECILIA ST. FRANCIS XAVIER — ST. JOSEPH'S — ST. THOMAS — OUR LADY OF LOURDES — ST. MARGARET'S — BLESSED SACRAMENT — ST. MICHAEL'S — ST. STANISLAUS — CON- VENTS AND SCHOOLS HOLY NAME SOCIETY SKETCHES OF MONSIGNOR SLOCUM AND FATHER CURTIN — M'dVNEY DAY 122 CHAPTER X CIVIC ARCHITECTURE OF A QUARTER CENTURY BUCKINGHAM BUILDING, UNION DEPOT, CITY HALL, CHASE OFFICE BUILDING AND WATERBURY CLUB LINCOLN BUILDING PLANNED BY FAMOUS NEW YORK ARCHITECTS COURTHOUSE PLANNED BY WILFRED E. GRIGGS, ONE OF MOST BEAUTIFUL STRUCTURES IN NEW ENGLAND — FINE BUSINESS BLOCKS AND RESIDENCES, SUPERB WORK OF LOCAL ARCHITECTS THE VARIOUS ARCHI- TECTURAL PERIODS AND BUILDINGS THAT ILLUSTRATE THEM WATERBURY'S HOUSING PROBLEM I36 CHAPTER XI BANKING AND INSURANCE CAPITAL AND SURPLUS OF ALL WATERBURY BANKS DEPOSITS A FIVE YEAR RECORD OF CLEARINGS THE YEAR 1916 A BANNER PERIOD FOR DEPOSITORS IN SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS MONEY LARGELY INVESTED IN MORTGAGES ON WATERBURY REAL ESTATE HISTORY OF ALL THE BANKS AND TRUST COM- PANIES LIST OF OFFICIALS, PAST AND PRESENT RECENT INSURANCE HISTORY 146 CHAPTER XII HISTORY OF WATERBURY'S HOTELS THE FIRE OF 1002 FOLLOWED BY AN ERA OF HOTEL CONSTRUCTION— THE CON- NECTICUT HOTEL EXCHANGE HOTEL ENLARGED RAISING THE FUND FOR THE ELTON THE SUBSCRIBERS ITS FIRST YEAR'S RECORD DESCRIPTION STARTING THE "IDEAL TOUR" THE KINGSBURY AND HODSON's MANY HOTELS SPRING UP DURING MUNITION-MAKING PERIOD 156 CHAPTER XIII THE HOSPITALS OF WATERBURY WATERBURY HOSPITAL IN ITS OLD QUARTERS THE NEED OF A NEW BUILDING CONTRIBUTIONS POUR TX AND NEW HOSPITAL DEDICATED DONORS OF THE vi CONTENTS BUILDING FUND OFFICERS GROWTH IN RECENT YEARS THE MEDICAL BOARD ST. MARY'S hospital, the inspiration of monsignor slocum — ITS DEDICATION THE MEDICAL BOARD l6l CHAPTER XIV THE ORGANIZATION OF CHARITY ORGANIZATION OF THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES CHANGE IN OFFICIALS SOCIAL SERVICE CLUB AND ITS WORK AIDING THE RED CROSS THE BUILDING OF LINCOLN HOUSE THE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS LEAGUE STARTING THE OPEN- AIR SCHOOL RECORDS OF TWO YEARS ITS OFFICIALS FIRST "UNITED CHARITIES" — DAY NURSERY — THE SOUTH MAYD HOME — KING'S DAUGHTERS BABY WELFARE STATION THE QUEEN'S DAUGHTERS DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA SALVATION ARMY 167 CHAPTER XV REVIEW OF WATERBURY'S MANUFACTURES THE CENTER OF THE BRASS INDUSTRY ITS PERCENTAGE OF OUTPUT BY DECADES — CENSUS FIGURES SHOW STRANGE CHANGES — PRODUCTION OF NEEDLES, PINS, HOOKS AND EYES NUMBER AND WAGES OF WORKERS IN WATERBURY FACTORIES SINCE 1 899 CENSUS FIGURES ON VALUE OF WATERBURY PROD- UCTS WHAT WATERBURY MANUFACTURES CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT SEX OF WAGE EARNERS THE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW FACTORY CONSTRUCTION SINCE I9OO l8o CHAPTER XVI THE LARGER BRASS COMPANIES THE CHARTER OF 1 893 NEW CONSOLIDATION PERFECTED ITS FIRST BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHANGES TO AN OPERATING COMPANY PURCHASES THE BUF- FALO PLANT ITS BUILDINGS IN WATERBURY, TORRINGTON, ANSONIA, KENOSHA AND BUFFALO NEW CONSTRUCTION EARNINGS OF THE COM- PANY ITS BALANCE SHEET FOR I916 THE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU ITS HOUSING PLANS TESTIMONIAL TO ITS PRESIDENT, CHARLES F. BROOKER SKETCH OF HIS CAREER THE SCOVILL COMPANY- — ITS PHYSICAL GROWTH ITS NEW BUILDINGS ENORMOUS EARNINGS OFFICERS OF THE PAST ' QUARTER CENTURY EMPLOYMENT BUREAU ITS HOSPITALS I99 CHAPTER XVII OTHER BRASS AND BRASSWARE COMPANIES THE AMERICAN RING COMPANY RANDOLPH & CLOWES COMPANY THE WATER- BURY ROLLING MILLS A. H. WELLS & CO. — FRENCH MANUFACTURING COM- PANY THE PILLING BRASS COMPANY WATERBURY BRASS GOODS CORPORA- CONTENTS vii TION — STEELE & JOHNSON — THE NATIONAL COMPANY — THE SMITH & GRIGGS MANUFACTURING COMPANY — THE SHOE HARDWARE COMPANY — PLATT BROTHERS & COMPANY NOVELTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY BERBECKER & ROWLAND — MATTATUCK .MANUFACTURING COMPANY WATER- BURY BUCKLE COMPANY — L. C. WHITE COMPANY NOERA MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE GENERAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE AMERICAN FASTENER COMPANY THE SIMONSVILLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY — THE W VTERBURY METAL WARES COMPANY THE SOMERS COMPANY, INC. THE CONNECTICUT MANUFACTURING COMPANY 2I4 CHAPTER XVIII CLOCKS, WATCHES, PINS, NEEDLES, HOOKS AND EYES THE WATERBURY CLOCK COMPANY THE BEGINNINGS OF THE "iNGERSOLL" WATCH FROM THE "jUMBo" TO THE SMALL "DOLLAR" WATCH MAKING ITS OWN CRYSTALS R. H. INGERSOLL & BROTHER BUY THE NEW ENGLAND WATCH COMPANY PLANT THE STORY OF THE "LONG WIND" WATERBURY WATCH THE LUX CLOCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE AMERICAN PIN COMPANY ITS PLANT ITS NEW BUILDINGS SINCE IO/XD THE OAKVILLE COMPANY AND ITS EXTENSIONS OFFICIALS OF THE BIG PIN COMPANIES. . . . 224 CHAPTER XIX MACHINE SHOPS AND FOUNDRIES THE WATERBURY FARREL FOUNDRY & MACHINE COMPANY THE WATERBURY MACHINE COMPANY THE E. J. MANVILLE MACHINE COMPANY THE BLAKE & JOHNSON COMPANY THE WATERBURY TOOL COMPANY THE LUDINGTON CIGARETTE MACHINE COMPANY THE ROWBOTTOM MACHINE COMPANY ANDREW C. CAMPBELL, INC. HENDERSON BROTHERS SEYMOUR SMITH & SON THE MANUFACTURERS FOUNDRY COMPANY THE WATERBURY CAST- INGS COMPANY THE METAL SPECIALTIES COMPANY THE ATLAS MACHINE COMPANY WATERBURY STANDARD TOOL AND MACHINE COMPANY WATER- BURY PRESSED METAL AND TOOL COMPANY 23O CHAPTER XX OTHER MANUFACTURING CORPORATIONS THE INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY — THE AMERICAN MILLS COMPANY — THE WATERBURY PAPER BOX COMPANY THE WHITE & WELLS COMPANY THE KALBFLEISCH CORPORATION THE WATERBURY BATTERY COMPANY THE WILLIAMS SEALING CORPORATION THE WATERBURY JEWEL COMPANY THE AUTOYRE COMPANY THE LANE MANUFACTURING COMPANY WATERVILLE CUTLERY COMPANY THE MORDEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE H. L. WELCH HOSIERY COMPANY THE WATERBURY INSTRUMENT COMPANY THE WATERBURY ICE CORPORATION — THE SPRING LAKE ICE COMPANY — THE HELLMAN BREWING COMPANY THE EAGLE BREWING COMPANY FEW MANUFACTURING LOSSES 237 viii CONTENTS CHAPTER XXI THE MASONIC ORDER AND OTHER FRATERNITIES EARLY MASONIC HISTORY HARMONY AND CONTINENTAL LODGES MASONIC CLUB CLARK COMMANDERY EUREKA CHAPTER, R. A. M. WATERBURY COUNCIL, NO. 21 THE WATERBURY MASONIC TEMPLE THE ODD FELLOWS NOSAHOGAN LODGE — ENCAMPMENT AND CANTON— DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS B. P. O. ELKS KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS UNITED WORKMEN FORESTERS LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE HEPTASOPHS EAGLES RED MEN UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS WOODMEN AND OTHER FRATERNITIES FRENCH, ITALIAN, SWEDISH AND GERMAN SOCIETIES — LABOR ORGANIZATIONS 245 CHAPTER XXII COMMUNITY EFFORTS, PHILANTHROPY AND REFORMS the y. m. c. a. and its growth fund for new building war-time work the waterbury boys' club mr. combellacit's great work the boy scouts of america the waterbeury industrial school and girls' club the temperance movement in waterbury rescue mission the community christmas tree the early closing movement elisha Leavenworth's benefactions 270 CHAPTER XXIII CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS, BUSINESS, SOCIAL, PROFESSIONAL AND PATRIOTIC THE WATERBURY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ITS BEGINNING AS THE MER- CHANTS' ASSOCIATION THE WATERBURY CLUB ITS NEW HOME THE COUNTRY CLUB WATERBURY DRIVING ASSOCIATION AUTOMOBILE CLUB NATURALIST CLUB THE ELKS CLUB OTHER SOCIAL CLUBS PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WOMEN'S CLUBS AND SOCIETIES ATHLETIC AND SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS THE G. A. R. AND W. R. C. WATERBURY's REPRESENTATIO>' IN STATE PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES SARSFIELD CLUB 285 CHAPTER XXIV MUSIC AND THE DRAMA WATERBURY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CHURCH CHOIRS REKINDLE INTEREST IN MUSIC THE BUCKINGHAM MUSIC HALL ORATORIO SOCIETY AND ITS CELE- BRATED MAY FESTIVAL WATERBURY CHORAL CLUB GERMAN SINGING SOCIETIES TFIEATRICAL HISTORY OF A QUARTER CENTURY THE ADVENT OF POLl'S — -THE MOVIE PERIOD THE WORK OF EUGENE JACQUES AMATEUR THEATRICALS 298 CONTENTS ix CHAPTER XXV THE NEWSPAPERS Jill WATERBURY AMERICAN — ITS NEW BUILDING THE EVENING DEMOCRAT AND ITS SUCCESS DUE TO THE WORK OF ITS FOUNDER, CORNELIUS MALONEY, AND PRESENT EDITOR, VINCENT MALONEY IN ITS NEW BUILDING THE REPUBLICAN SOLD BY THE AMERICAN A SECOND SALE WITHIN A YEAR RAPID OROWTH OF Till'. PAPER IS MOVED INTO ITS OWN BUILDING MODERN EQUIPMENT POLICY APPROVED BY THE PUBLIC INCORPORATED PRESENT OFFICIALS — WEEKLIES AND MONTHLIES, PAST AND PRESENT 307 CHAPTER XXYI WAR AND MILITARY ACTIVITIES WATERBURY's SHARE IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR CITY PAYS TRIBUTE TO LIEUTENANT FRANK W. KELLOGG, ONE OF HEROES OF BATTLE OF MANILA BAY, AND EIGHTY-TWO VETERANS OF WAR THE CALL TO ARMS IN I916 WATERBURY BOYS MOVE TO MEXICAN BORDER— OVATION BY CITY ON RETURN DECLARATION OF WAR ON GERMANY FINDS WATERBURY IN MIDST OF RECRUITING CAMPAIGN THE NATIONAL GUARD GOES TO THE FRONT THE DRAFT THE LIBERTY LOANS THE RED CROSS WATERBURY's MANY PATRI- OTIC EFFORTS TRIBUTE TO ROCHAMBEAU 312 CHAPTER XXVII WATERBURY IN STATE AFFAIRS WATERBURY HAS HAD FEW CITIZENS IN STATE OFFICES GEORGE L. LILLEY A NOTABLE EXCEPTION HIS CAREER IN CITY POLITICS FOLLOWED BY ELECTION TO THE LEGISLATURE AND THEN BY THREE ELECTIONS TO CONGRESS HIS CONTESTS ATTRACT NATIONAL ATTENTION ATTACK ON GENERAL PAPER COMPANY FIGHT ON SUBMARINE SCANDAL ADVERSE REPORT BY CONGRES- SIONAL COMMITTEE RETURNS FOR VINDICATION AND IS ELECTED GOVERNOR HIS SUDDEN DEATH 3IO, CHAPTER NNVIII WATERBURY CORPORATIONS, ACTIVE AND LAPSED COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 1894 TO 1917 AND INCLUDING ALL OLDER COR- PORATIONS THAT WERE LEGISLATED OUT OF EXISTENCE DURING THIS PERIOD 323 CHAPTER XXIX \\ YTERTOWN AND ITS INDUSTRIES POPULATION — CENTENARY CELEBRATION — CHURCHES — SCHOOLS — LIBRARY — INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SOLDIERS' MONUMENT FIRE DEPARTMENT VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY D. A. R. TOWN OFFICIALS CENSUS 339 x CONTENTS CHAPTER XXX WATERBURY'S NEAREST NEIGHBOR COLONIAL AND LATER PERIOD EARLY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THE RUBBER INDUSTRY'S BEGINNING SCHOOLS CHURCHES HOWARD WHITTEMORE LIBRARY THE BOROUGH GOVERNMENT THE WHITTEMORE BRIDGE WHITTEMORE GIFTS BANKS PUBLIC UTILITIES FIRE AND POLICE DEPART- MENTS NEW POSTOFFICE THE GENERAL WASHINGTON HOUSE THE Y. M. C. A. AND SIMILAR INSTITUTIONS 346 CHAPTER XXXI THE. TOWN OF SEYMOUR ITS THREE NAMES POPULATION CHURCHES SCHOOLS LIBRARY SEYMOUR'S BANK ITS MANUFACTURING INTERESTS TRANSPORTATION THE SEYMOUR RECORD FIRE PROTECTION AND DEPARTMENT PARK AND MONUMENT TOWN OFFICERS SOCIETIES AND CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 364 CHAPTER XXXII THOMASTON, THE TOWN OF CLOCKMAKERS ITS EARLY HISTORY THE BEGINNING OF ITS CLOCK INDUSTRY THE INVENTION OF ELI TERRY AND SETH THOMAS THEIR MARVELOUS WORK THE GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY ITS SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, GOVERNMENT ITS LATEST INDUSTRIES , 377 CHAPTER XXXIII TORRINGTON'S RAPID GROWTH SUMMARY OF ITS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ITS EARLY HISTORY TORRING- FORD EARLY EXPANSION SCHOOLS CHURCHES BANKS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE LIBRARY Y. M. C. A. HOSPITAL NEWSPAPERS ELKS' CLUB HOUSE PARKS CEMETERIES BOROUGH HISTORY 385 CHAPTER XXXIV WINSTED IN THE HILLS ITS HISTORY FROM COLONIAL DAYS WINSTED BOROUGH POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENTS LIGHTING SCHOOLS PUBLIC LIBRARY HOSPITAL CHURCHES NEWSPAPERS ITS INDUSTRIES BANKS CHAMBER OF COM- MERCE Y. M. C. A. WINSTED CLUB 405 Waterbury and the Naugatuck Valley CHAPTER I A BIRDSEYE VIEW IN TWENTY-FIVE YEARS WATERBURY HAS ABOUT GROWN OUT OF KNOWLEDGE OF ITS OLD SELF — ITS INDUSTRIAL SUCCESS THE WORK OF MASTERFUL MINDS HER FAME IN METAL MAKING NOW WORLD-WIDE — INTENSITY OF PRODUCTION IN NAUGA- TUCK VALLEY HARDLY EQUALED IN ANY OTHER LIKE EXTENT OF TERRITORY IN THE COUNTRY. The difficulty which will confront future historians of Waterbury will always be to meet the standard set by the "History of the Town and City of Waterbury," which is found on the shelves of every well selected Waterbury library. In that work, covering the period from aboriginal days to the year 1895, Doctor Anderson, Miss Sara J. Prichard and Miss Anna L. Ward told the story of the beginnings of Waterbury and traced the progress of the town and city down to the date of compilation, and did it with encyclopaedic completeness and accuracy. They had access to all the important material which is in existence, the enthusiastic co-operation of scores of people whose local knowledge and facile pens assisted the compilers in preparing a local history probably never surpassed for the loving thoroughness and care which were expended upon it. Most of that work was compiled in the early '90s and in twenty-five years Waterbury has almost grown out of knowledge of itself. A new generation has lived new r chapters of the city's history and is already passing away, leaving its story unwritten. The Anderson history was so exhaustive, so accurate and so worthy that there will never be occasion for another similar work, but there is room for a volume that will be a complement and a continuation. It was this idea that led to the inception of a volume that is frankly a supplement to the previous history, to deal with the events in the history of Waterbury and the story of her progress during the last twenty-five years, and to summarize also the stories of her sister communities in the Naugatuck Valley whose interests and histories are so closely linked with hers. As far as possible the lines of the preceding history have been followed. The chapters which told the story of the city down to 1895 were taken up in turn and carried down to date. Several considerations have prevented the editor from doing this with the same completeness, however. The city is larger many times, and to devote the same relative amount of space to each individual or topic would be to expand the modest work originally contemplated into a small Vol. 1— 1 1 2 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY book-shelf. The community is many times busier and the year selected for the compilation of this work has been a period in which everybody in Waterbury has been overworked. Yet delay would have caused a heavy financial loss which would have been an injustice to the publishers. On this account, in several respects there are deficiencies of which the editor is conscious. The chapter of family records in the old history has not been carried down to date. It is genealogical, rather than historical; it would have involved so much research and correspondence extending over long periods and extending to so many remote quarters, and would have required so much time and effort in some cases to ascertain and verify records which would occupy only a few lines, that the editor despaired of accomplishing anything of value in the allowable time. Consequently, it has been left to some person or organization better fitted for the task and to less crowded times. Still, it is hoped this volume will be found of interest to readers and of value as a supplement, in spite of any deficiencies which may be found to exist. The Waterbury of the early '90s was a small city, which was just beginning to realize that it was destined to become an important manufacturing center. It had recently been a factory village, almost isolated from the main currents of modern life. Its history was rich in reminiscence, but its industrial and commercial future seemed more or less precarious. There seemed to be no reason why it should survive, let alone greatly outgrow any one of a number of other communities in Connecticut. Indeed, at that time the belief was preva- lent that it was doomed to be abondoned by the brass industry, which was the city's mainstay, that the great brass factories of the future would be built in the West, nearer to the sources of supply of the raw materials. One thing that the pessimistic prophets of that era failed to take into con- sideration was that while Waterbury was largely dependent for her growth and prosperity on one industry, and on the lines naturally growing out of it. she understood her own lines of business thoroughly. In the light of events, wise observers have been said that the industrial progress of Waterbury has after all depended upon a comparatively few men, masters of their business, most of whom have been born here and all of whom prefer to work here. Some of these observers are disposed to narrow this down and say that Waterbury would not have attained her present importance but for a few families, who had lived and worked here. This is largely true. In many cases the same families, and the same family names will be found for generation after generation, building up Waterbury from her small beginnings, toiling, inventing, planning, con- stantly improving;, expanding and enlarging, until at present the future of Water- bury seems forever assured. It has been remarked for years that wherever a man may travel, he will find metal goods that have come from Waterbury. The sun, literally, never sets upon the work of Waterbury's hands, and now, as in the past, her fame in metal-working is world-wide. This draws to her the inventor, the skilled mechanic and the merchant from all parts of the nation, and from distant lands. They come here to develop their ideas, to gain their industrial training, to supervise the manufacture of their wares. Sooner or later, everybody who has a small article which can be made out of the metals in which we are skilled in working, turns up in Waterbury to ask our price for making his goods, or our help in devising cunning machinery that will turn them out for him. There is a perpetual circulation between Waterbury and the markets of all the world, from which the community perhaps gains as much or more than it imparts, so that at the present time the city and her sister communities up and down the WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 3 valley arc known as reservoirs of mechanics and machinists of the highest training, intelligence and inventive skill. The momentous years of 1915 and 1916, when the United States was so suddenly called upon to supply Europe's desperate needs for war materials, were a wonderful illustration of this. Among the first industrial communities which was set to work for Europe was this city. Hence the giant industries of 1917 are the full fruition of years of her supremacy in her own special methods and of the reputation which she has gained of knowing her business thoroughly. This is characteristic of the sister towns and cities of the busy 50-mile strip which is down on the maps as the Naugutuck Valley. There is hardly in the known world such a narrow compass of territory in which there is such an intensity of production and such a genius for industrial leadership. It means something that for years before it became a part of the larger transportation system of New England, the valley's iron artery, the Naugatuck Railroad, was remarked as having the largest earnings per mile of any stretch of railroad in the country. This was because Winsted in clocks and knit goods, Torrington in brass, needles, and machinery, Thomaston in clocks, Naugatuck in rubber goods, Sey- mour in fountain pens, copper and brass goods, Ansonia and Derby in brass and machinery, rivaled or duplicated the success of Waterbury. Railroad operating officials, who are put to their utmost to move the immense volume of traffic developed in these communities, have come to regard the Naugatuck Valley as one great factory city with a continuous freight yard covering the fifty miles between Winsted and tide-water. But it must not be supposed that this wonderful territory and population are devoted exclusively to the material side of life in which they excel. The old New England traditions stand. The inner life of religion, education and culture, constantly renewing the faith and courage of the workers of the community, are manifesting themselves more strongly than ever in movements for social uplift and development, the cleaning and fit ordering of the community life in its outward and inward manifestations, the patriotic pride that shows itself in conscientious and unselfish devotion to the town, city and state, and in even wider service. The perhaps more important non-material side of the story of these communities, if fitly told, may nourish satisfaction with the past and hope for the future even more completely, for it has been written that men shall not live by bread alone. CHAPTER II THE OFFICIAL CHRONICLES OF THE CITY OF WATERBURY THE FIGHT FOR CONSOLIDATION OF CITY, TOWN AND SCHOOL GOVERNMENT — TAXA- TION CHANGES IN A QUARTER CENTURY — THE TAX RATES AND THE GRAND LISTS THE BONDED DEBT — STREET IMPROVEMENT — CITY HALL, WATER, SCHOOL AND SEWAGE BOND ISSUES — CITY OFFICIALS SINCE 1 893 — ITS LEGISLATORS — MUTUAL AID SOCIETY — POLICE DEPARTMENT START OF THE DETECTIVE SERVICE THE CONSTABULARY FORCE — HOW THE DEPARTMENT WORKS — THE TROLLEY STRIKE OF I903 SKETCHES OF FORMER CHIEF EGAN AND SUPERINTENDENT GEORGE M. BEACH — THE FIRE DEPARTMENT — ITS GROWTH IN NUMBERS AND EQUIPMENT — THE FIRE OF I9O2 — RECORD OF BIG FIRES SINCE 1893 — THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT. In 1893, the beginning- of the twenty-five year period of which this is a history, Waterbury was in the midst of a determined battle against its existing cumber- some and overlapping form of government. Under the old charter, there were in force what might be termed three distinct local governmental powers, each with- out authority over the other, and in many instances duplicating at great expense to the taxpayers the executive functions. This contest between a rapidly growing city and a town which embraced a large rural population without municipal needs, had now been in progress for some years. Recommendations had been made repeatedly by preceding mayors, but action was always blocked by the fear of added taxation in rural districts. In 1893, however, the population had grown to such an extent in some of the outlying sections of the Town of Waterbury that the need of city betterments in several directions was imperative. In 1894 the first definite step was taken to bring about a consolidation or rather a merging of the city, town and school governments which, however, was only partially successful. On May 7, 1894, a committee consisting of Hon. E. G. Kilduff, the mayor of the city, George E. Terry, then states' attorney, Judge Charles G. Root and Thomas D. Wells, was appointed by the two governing bodies of the municipality, the Board of Aldermen and the Court of Common Council, with power to frame an amended or new charter for the City and Town of Water- bury. This was to be submitted to a joint session of the council before or during the period of the next session of the General Assembly. The work was admirably conceived, and while many of its provisions were nullified either by the council and by the Legislature, acting under pressure of strong local opposition, these were adopted in later years, thus showing the fore- sight and wisdom of the members of this able committee. The report was submitted on February 25, 1895. An effort to have the pro- posed charter voted upon by the people, which was merely an effort to delay the proposed changes, was defeated. Many changes were, however, suggested. On May 13, 1895, just a few days before the final opportunity for presenta- tion to the Legislature, a committee consisting of Thomas D. Barlow and Daniel Kiefer, urged immediate action and on May 23, 1895, tne proposed charter was 4 WATERBURY AND THE NTAUGATUCK VALLEY 5 officially presented at Hartford to the joint standing Committee on Cities and Boroughs of the General Assembly. The bill as passed, however, did not consolidate the city, town and school governments, but in its regulation of the municipal government was a tremendous step forward. The act of 1895 extended the city limits to include the actual town limits. This was a hrst great step toward the consolidation. It created five wards, abol- ished the Court of Common Council, giving local legislative powers exclusively to a Board of Aldermen. Tt provided for biennial elections, and in order to take the affairs of the city as far as possible out of purely political contests, and to concentrate the attention of voters on municipal needs, the date of these elections was made the first Monday of each alternate October. The charter provided for the election of a mayor, a city clerk, a treasurer, a comptroller, thus abolishing the office of auditor, a city sheriff, two agents of the Bronson Library Fund, and three aldermen from each ward. It provided that the collector of taxes annually chosen at the town meeting of the Town of Water- bury "shall be the collector of taxes of said city." It provided for a much- needed Board of Public Works, which was to consist of the mayor, who was ex-officio president, and five electors, named by the mayor and approved by the aldermen. At least two of these must be of the opposition political party. It created as subordinates to this Board of Public Works, the Bureaus of Water, Streets, Sewers, Engineering and Assessment, the last-named a board in charge of condemnations, benefits and damages arising out of improvements. The charter gave the aldermen the power to appoint the city attorney. This office was abolished in 1912, when a legal department with corporation counsel and assistant was created. The charter created a Board of Finance, consisting of the mayor, ex-officio, the comptroller, the president of the Board of Aldermen, and three citizens appointed by the mayor. The charter created Department of Public Safety, officially known as a Board of Commissioners of Public Safety. This consists of the mayor, ex-officio presi- dent, and five electors, appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the aldermen. It has charge of the fire and police departments. It created the Department of Public Health. This was at least a basis, and a very effective one, upon which to build a modern city government. In 1899, the act creating Waterbury's present Department of Education was passed, and this provided that ''it shall have the care and management of all the property and affairs of the Center School District of Waterbury. After this act shall take effect, no meeting of the Center School District shall be held for any purpose whatever." This was the second step leading to consolidation, and was brought about largely by a prior compromise in the matter of taxation. It was agreed that taxpayers living beyond the old city limits and within the town .limits should not pay over one-half the tax rate of taxpayers within the old city limits. But as they were compelled to support their own schools and had no right to the city's water, sewers, police or fire protection, this concession to the taxpayers of the outside district was less important than it might appear on the face of it. Tn 1899 the tax levy for the 'nside district was 28 mills, and for the outside 14 mills. The grand list for that year was $11,619,883 for the inside district and $689,321 for the outside district. The act reating the Department of Education had a far-reaching influence 6 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY for school improvements. While it limited its control to the schools in the old city limits, it empowered all other districts in the old town limits to vote them- selves in. This has been done among others by Waterville, Town Plot, Mill Plain, Bunker Hill and Hopeville. It thus created uniformity where there was wide disparity, and in many sections it abolished the antiquated system of school visitors. The Department of Education is now in charge of a Board of Education, consisting of the mayor, chairman ex-officio, and nine members, three of whom are elected biennially for a term of six years. The great need for the many advantages which a city government provides, was now more deeply impressed upon the outside districts by the continuing increase in population. Opposition was breaking down. The agitation of ten years and longer between city and town was finally rewarded in igoi by the long-needed consolidation act, effective on the first Monday in January, 1902. The important change was the placing of nearly all the old duties of selectmen in the Board of Aldermen. In 1903 the authority of selectmen over the poor of the town was placed in the hands of the Board of Charities, which was then created. This leaves the work of making voters their only important duty. In 191 1 it was found necessary to pass a constitutional amendment so that Waterbury could vote for city and town officers at the same time. It was found necessary both in 1896 and in 1902 to change many existing ordinances to conform to charter revisions, and this has been ably done by committees appoined by the Board of Aldermen. THE FINANCES OF A QUARTER OF A CENTURY Taxation has always been the stumbling block to consolidation, and as usual, it was a compromise that brought about the change. In 1901, two taxation districts were created. The first district includes the entire town and the second includes the old city limits. Until 191 3, the taxation in the second district was segregated into what was known as the inside and the outside rate. The "out- side" rate was of course the compromise, but it was only a question of time when city improvements and city benefits would be town wide. The effort to stop this segregation in 1905 and 1906 met with failure. In 1914, and since then, the grand list and the tax levy were divided only into the first and second districts. While at each session of the State Legislature, many minor amendatory acts have been passed for the benefit of Waterbury, for the purposes of history the great changes took place respectively in 1895, 1899 and 1901. Two tabulations will tell in figures the story of the growth of Waterbury ; its grand list for twenty-five years from 1893 t0 l 9 I '7> ar >d its tax levy. It is important to remember that up to 1902, the valuation was on a one-third basis. After that date, under the state law, it was compulsory to assess on a 100 per cent basis. THE GRAND LIST SINCE 1893 1893— $10,575,103. 1894— $10,452,138. 1895— $10,593,419. 1896 $10,802,314. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 1897— $10,927,299. 1898 — $1 1,161,962. 1899 — $11,311,927; Inside Taxation District. 625,180. Outside Taxation District. 1900 — $11,619,883. Inside Taxation District. 689,321. Outside Taxation District. M)Oi — $14,240,811. First Taxation District. 11.948,146. Second Taxation District, Inside. 852,141. Second Taxation District, Outside. [902 — $43,791,382. First Taxation District. 37.332,117. Second Taxation District, Inside. 2,184,184. Second Taxation District. Outside. 1903 — $53,472,164. First Taxation District. 48,556,700. Second Taxation District, Inside. 2,369,254. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1904 — $48,493,629. First Taxation District. 41.357.537. Second Taxation District, Inside. 2,563,690. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1905 — $50,322,836. First Taxation District. 42,789,038. Second Taxation District, Inside. 2,777,847. Second Taxation District. Outside. 1906 — $53,193,784. First Taxation District. 44,965,922. Second Taxation District, Inside. 3,143,583. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1907 — $55,963,821. First Taxation District. 46,895,738. Second Taxation District, Inside. 3,495,368. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1908 — $57,790,131. First Taxation District. 48,131,658. Second Taxation District, Inside. 3,829,330. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1909 — $60,272,168. First Taxation District. 50,074,352. Second Taxation District, Inside. 4,011,869. Second Taxation District. Outside. [910 — $63,654,111. First Taxation District. 52,247,869. Second Taxation District, Inside. 4,551,989. Second Taxation District, Outside. 191 1 — $66,385,300. First Taxation District. 54,041,099. Second Taxation District, Inside. 5,450,878. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1912 — $71,535,842. First Taxation District. 54,609,722. Second Taxation District, Inside. 4,950,324. Second Taxation District, Outside. 1913 — $74,526,824. First Taxation District. 55,676,872. Second Taxation District, Inside. 5.3^6,<;2i. Second Taxation District. Outside. [914 — $77,022,701. First Taxation District. 67,491,635. Second Taxation District. [915 $79,235,630. First Taxation District. 74,725,210. Second Taxation District. [916 — $90,191,184. First Taxation District. 84,746,628. Second Taxation District. 191 7 — $104,600,000. First Taxation District. 102.000.000. Second Taxation District. 8 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY THE TAX RATE FOR TWENTY-FIVE YEARS From 1893 to 1900, the town tax rate was in effect. For these years, it was as follows: 1893 — 3 mills. 1894 — 2 mills. 1895 — 5 mills. 1896 — 5 mills. 1897 — 5 mills. 1898 — 5 mills. 1899 — 6 mills. 1900 — 6 mills. The city tax rate for the period of twenty-five years has been as follows : 1893 — 18 mills (one-third valuation). 1894 — 18 mills (one-third valuation). 1895 — 20 mills (one-third valuation). 1896 — 18 mills (one-third valuation). 1897 — 19 mills (one-third valuation). 1898 — 19 mills (one-third valuation). 1899 — 28 mills, Inside Taxation District (one-third valuation). 14 mills, Outside Taxation District (one-third valuation). 1900 — 32 mills, Inside Taxation District (one-third valuation). 16 mills, Outside Taxation District (one-third valuation). 1901 — 13 mills, First Taxation District (one-third valuation). 27 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (one-third valuation). 22 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (one-third valua- tion). 1902 — 2>-7 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 9.5 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 7.5 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1903 — 3.4 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 12. 1 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 9.3 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1904 — 3 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 12 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 8.6 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1905 — 3 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 1 1.8 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 8.9 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1906 — 3.6 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 1 1.1 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 8.7 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1907 — 5 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 9.8 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 7.4 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1908 — 5 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 9.8 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). y.y mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). 1909 — 5.7 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). 9.3 mills, Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). 7.65 mills, Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 1910- - 6.00 mills, 10.00 mills, 8.22 mills, 1911— -6. 7 mills, 9-3 mills. 7-76 mills. 1912— - 6.33 mills. 9.66 mills. 8.075 mills. 1913- - 6.33 mills, 13-99 mills. 14.405 mills, 1914- -10.06 mills, 7.48 mills, 1915- -10.50 mills, 8.70 mills, 1916 — 10.18 mills, 8.82 mills, 1917- - 974 mills, 9.07 mills, First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Inside (full valuation). Second Taxation District, Outside (full valuation), First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District (full valuation). First Taxation District (full valuation). Second Taxation District (full valuation). WATERBURY S BONDED DEBT In 1894, the net bonded debt of the City of Waterbury was $243,800.00. On January 1st, 1917, it was $5,078,000.00. In this vast difference lies a great story of achievement, for these totals represent a rapidly expanding municipally owned water supply, the entire system of parks, many of our schools, and street improve- ments, bridges, a sewage disposal plant, and the new city hall. In 1896, with the water bond issues of 1895 and 1895 included, the debt had grown to $904,000.00. In January, 1902, the total bonded debt of the city had grown to $1,560,- 000.00, of which $830,000.00 were for water bonds. The story of this debt can best be told in the last figures of the city comptroller : 10 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY i-i On < < H PQ W Q Q W Q O pq U PQ P4 W H < to O H I— i U H O H OS H co 2 o H H H co bfi O O O O O Q c o o o o o q 6 6 6 6 6 6 o o o o o c q q_ q. q, q_ q, w O "i o" o" o" Q -*-> I — 1 ^COM O a-o a a O o d o o 888 < ooooooooooo 288 ooooooooqo o o o o o q q q o o 66666666666 ooooooooooo o^ q q. o_ q\ q_ q. o^ o_ q. o^ dco~ o" ir> O O O O in \r> d OiCI O m OC f.0 Oi»h i-i 01 01 0) i-i <^ i-i i-i 01 i a q q a >>°-^ — 1 lO LO < o o 6 o o w> . mino to O O O O O o o O o o odd o o o 9. o o, U-J LO O" O -i-i *-i r^ ^ iO CO 01 O LT) On On On On I. _, Z, Z, £ 5 5 i i i i -4 }§ On On On On On On 00 NO ^ On On i rooc CO O i- 0101>-i-^-t^Oiro3'01 On OnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOn t^CO NO 0) i- *h oo ir-,00 OnOnOnOnOnOnOnqnOn On On 01 ioO\Q _ 01 rf Tf On rn -f irno On ioC ONHOOONHMNtJOntO^ciitOONOHMM. CO OnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnO\OnOnOnOnO\On -ill I I I _L_ I ! !>co Qn t> oj oi oi •^■■o »^ \CS\£1 \^-\ o -a w a KH CU > *j O OJ l_ co T3 *d "O PQPQPQ rt rt rt •i-i *j *-> COCO'O CU CU CU u u u SEE *o *o *o a a a rt rt rt co u D cu i .a.y.y 5 "o"o "offi PhPhPh ^ *rt "rt "c3 •- — —■ — — UUU3 S S 5 § ^> qj cu cd C/5C/3PhPh ■- w u u CU pq 1) coco U X -0-0 u 4_, - - u* 'J ■ ^- ■ -1 u P & coco *X CO CO CO O-O-O-O 2 a c a •5 O O O to PQPQPQ ct;*o*o*o -^000 a ^ ^ 1^ uti u o Ucococo CO CU U. CU co 1- b Hfc c . -PQ CO CO 00° PQPQT3 , CO o o o o^: j=jz be coco!! 00"rot v 5>O'^r "* **• n "*Q0 O n fO ro ro 01 T iO\0 On u") t^00 J^ « n n fO "">NO quhhUhh OnOnOOOi-'I-'i-i'-'i-iOOOOOiQQO Ohiihi-i OnOnOnOnOnOn COGCCnOnOnOnOnGnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOnOn c5n00 On On On On On On -O >^««>~^^^^«>„„^«««« W M W H H l-l "-l M|111 M 1111MI1I11111I1I1I11111I1HH0)11I1I111MH Q • ^ 1 J^J?'.^ r- - ; ; J ; J J J ^^1^;' c e <- ^'^ 1 e -^> O. e e e -^>_^ •-' ^^>C0^ O O d 00" t^ o^ 10 o o d o o o" O O C O O CO" ^t- On jz CU Q T3 CU •a r- o PQ H c« u o CO Q g 3 CO H t> O < to co (d J O O O O d d o o o o o" o" -^•On CO •a e o PQ cu CU > CO 0*0 u e £■0 epq 1— 1 be CU ** -'I ^j Co COP- WATERBl'RY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 11 The curve of the rate of interest at which the city has offered its securities for sale shows some interesting fluctuations. In 1894 and 1897, the city marketed 4 per cent bonds. In [901, [902, [904 and [905, it was able to place them at 3*/? per cent, hut in [906 and 1007 the rate was up to 4 per cent again. In January, 1908, the rate was 4 per cent, but on July 1 . [908, 30-year bonds had to hear 4JA per cent, although a simultaneous issue, maturing in from one to fifty years, was placed at ^ l /2 per cent. In i<)oo and u>io, the rate was 4 per cent, in 19U it rose to 4 1 4 per cent, in [913 it was 4 ' _. per cent on 10-year bonds and 4J/4 per cent on longer maturities, in 0)14 again 4 per cent and in 1915 and 1916 4'4 per cent. waterbury's city officials 1893- 19 1 7 Waterbury has been fortunate in its city officials to whose credit must go the record of vast improvements which have kept steady pace with the constantly increasing population. The mayoralty votes for this period are here recorded : mayor, 1893-1918 Daniel F. Webster Jan. 4, 1892-Jan.. 1894 ;: Edward G. Kilduff Jan. 1, 1894-Jan., 1898 Thomas D. Barlow Jan. 3, 1898-Jan., 1900 Edward G. Kilduff Jan. 1, 1900-Jan., 1904 John P. Elton Jan. 4, 1904-Jan., 1906 Wm. E. Idioms Jan. 1, 1906-Jan., 1910 Wm. B. Hotchkiss Jan. 3, 1910-Jan.. 1912 Francis T. Reeves Jan. 1, 1912-Jan., 1914 Martin Scully Jan. 1, 1914-Jan., 1918 Wm. H. Sandland Mayor Elect VOTE ON MAYOR, 1893-I917 1893— Edward G. Kilduff (D.) 2,590 Daniel F. Webster (R.) 2,413 1895— Edward G. Kilduff (D.) 2,683 Daniel F. Webster (R.) 2,520 1897— Thomas D. Barlow (R.) 2,983 Edward G. Kilduff (D.) . 2,966 1899— Edward G. Kilduff (D.) 3,740 Thomas D. Barlow (R.) 2,232 1901— Edward G. Kilduff (D.) 4,141 George H. Cowell (R.) 3,699 1903— John P. Elton (R.) 4,7 82 James M. Lynch (D.) 3,805 1905— Wm. E. Thorns (D.) 4,694 Ralph X. Blakeslee (R.) 4.1 13 1907— Wm. E. Thorns (D.) 5,189 John E. Sewell (R.) 4.059 1909— Wm. B. Hotchkiss (R.) 4-79° *Died November. 1896. 12 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Francis T. Reeves (D.) 4,304 Eben J. Lewis (Soc.) 172 191 1 — Francis T. Reeves (D.) 4,373 Wm. B. Hotchkiss (R.) 4,136 Frank O. Pilgrim (Soc.) 1,048 Wm. H. Noble (Proh.) 63 ■ 1913 — Martin Scully (D.) 4,757 Albert F. Sherwood (R.) 4,189 Geo. L. Roehrig (Soc.) 816 1915 — Martin Scully (D.) 5,93i John F. McGrath (R.) 3,854 Chas. Westendorff (Soc.) 248 1917 — Wm. H. Sandland (R.) 4,933 Martin Scully (D.) 4,296 Charles T. Peach (Soc.) 605 CITY CLERK, 1893-I918 Wm. R. Mattison 1893 Richard F. Grady 1894-1900 Michael J. Ryan 1900-1904 Geo. H. Nettleton 1904-1906 Wm. H. Sandland 1906-1914 Wm. F. Moher 1914-1918 Charles B. Tomkinson City Clerk Elect COMPTROLLER, 1893-I918 James J. Cassin 1893-1900 Michael D. Russell 1900-1904 Aug. I. Goodrich 1904-1906 Michael D. Russell 1906-1910 Henry O. Wood 1910-1912 Michael D. Russell 1912-1918 Elmer E. Parker Comptroller Elect TREASURER, 1 893- 19 1 8 Bernard F. Reid 1893-1894 Patrick F. Bannon 1894-1898 Geo. A. Gibson 1898-1904 Otis S. Northrop 1904-1906 • Edward L. Tuttle 1906-1910 Henry A. Hoadley 1910-1912 Edward F. Moran 1912-1918 Roberts G. Hannegran Treasurer Elect -& i TAX COLLECTOR, 1 893- 1 91 8 Chas. J. Griggs 1893-1898 Wm. E. Thorns 1898-1904 Edwin S. Hunt 1904-1906 Francis T. Reeves 1906-1910 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Arthur F. Ells 1910-1912 James R. Lawlor 1912-1918 Frederick C. Bauby Tax Collector Elect TOWN CLERK, 1893-I92O James J. Madden 1893-1895 Edward H. Belden 1895-1900 Frank P. Brett 1900-1904 John Blair 1904-1906 Frank P. Brett 1906-1910 Robert Palmer 1910-1920 JUDGE OF PROBATE, 1893-I918 Robert A. Lowe 1893-1910 Michael J. Byrne 1910-1912 Dennis J. Slavin 1912-1914 Arthur F. Ells 1914-1916 Dennis J. Slavin 1916-1918 CITY SHERIFF, 1893-I918 John W. McDonald 1893-1904 Wm. J. Rigney 1904-1906 Matthew J. Smith 1906-1910 David R. Walker 1910-1912 Matthew J. Smith 1912-1918 Robert C. Stone City Sheriff Elect SENATORS FROM WATERBURY TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE, 1893-I917 1893 — Charles G. Root 1909 — Irving Hall Chase 1895 — Daniel F. Webster John Hurley 1897 — Edward D. Steele 191 1 — Lewis A. Piatt 1899 — Warren L. Hall Peter Lawlor 1901 — Wm. Kennedy 1913 — John F. McGrath 1903— Cornelius Tracy John Hurley 1905 — Henry H. Peck 191 5 — James A. Peasley Finton J. Phelan John Hurley 1907 — Irving Hall Chase 191 7 — William J. Larkin John Hurley John Hurley REPRESENTATIVES FROM WATERBURY TO THE STATE LEGISLATURE, 1893-I917 1893 — John L. Saxe 1903 — John Lines Linford Fenn Root Frederick E. Cross 1895-97 — George H. Cowell 1905 — Ralph N. Blakeslee Warren L. Hall Samuel J. Marsh 1899 — Harold R. Durant 1907 — Augustus I. Goodrich Frank P. Brett Abner P. Hayes 1901 — Geo. L. Lilley 1909 — Abner P. Hayes Francis P. Guilfoile Augustus I. Goodrich 13 14 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY [9] r — Wm. E. Thorns Walter E. Monagan [913 — Wm. E. Thorns James M. Lynch 1915 — Nathaniel R. Bronson Jesse Devine 191 7 — Peter Fitzhenry Patrick Healey ALDERMEN, 1893-I92O The following is a list of the aldermen in the order of their election, begin- ning with those in office in 1893 and ending with those elected in 1917. Where aldermen have been re-elected the name appears only once : Charles B. Vail, James P. Morris, Wm. P. Loeffler, George Barnes, Frederick E. Cross, Thomas D. Barlow, Michael Begnal, Daniel D. Gregory, Edward B. Reilly, John C. Allman, Daniel Kiefer, Patrick W. Halpen, H. F. Sanford, John H. Condon, Frank I. Ells, James H. Pilling, Warren L. Hall, Geo. A. Driggs, J. Merrick Gallond, Toseph N. Bernier, Wm. H. Wright, John H. Clohessey, Joseph Weis, John J. Scully, John McElligott, Edward Fagan, Jr., Eugene J. Sullivan, Michael D. Russell, Eric A. Thunberg, Henry D. Hotchkiss, Frank R. White, Edward O. Goss, Samuel W. Chapman, James Callan, Timothy L. Horigan, Wm. C. Moore, Patrick Holohan, John Hurley, John J. Brophy, Ralph N. Blakeslee, Arthur H. Tyrrell, Robert Walker, Frederick W. Chesson, Chas. Boylan, Daniel J. Mahaney, Daniel Foley, Thomas Kane, John T. Phelan, Frederick E. Stanley, Louis Gates, Geo. M. Beach, Walter D. Ford, James H. Murray, Stephen J. O'Brien, Edward Fagan, Martin Keefe, Chas. L. Holmes, Frank Buck, Thomas H. Hewitt, J. J. Macauley, Adam Callan, Patrick Dunn, Lawrence J. Tobin, Frank X. Bergen, Albert F. Sherwood, Joseph S. Niell, Wm. J. Larkin, John P. Elton, Louis E. Fitzsimons, Thomas B. Walker, Wm. J. Spain, John H. Malone, Peter Lawlor, Daniel P. Noonan. Edward H. Bowe, Martin Scully, John F. Gallagher, John F. Hayes, Robert Mackie, Chas. A. Fine, Charles A. Templeton. Geo. E. Sellew,, Herbert J. Phillips, Chas. C. Dreher, Leavenworth P. Sperry, Edson W. Hitchcock, Chas. H. Swenson, Edward L. Bronson, John M. Burrall, Thomas J. Magner, Patrick J. Reardon. Michael Malone, James A. Duggan, Peter Griffin, John F. Whalen, Peter Hock, John M. Gill, Raymond C. Hutchinson, Fred A. Jackie, Wm. R. Keavene}, Theodore F. Nuhn, Dennis J. Clancy, Wm. T. Walsh, Daniel T. Farrington, Daniel Regan, Alfred J. Wolff, Mortimer Doran, Ferdinand Wolf, Wm. E. Treat, George F. Lancaster, Patrick H. Robinson, Patrick G. Egan, Michael J. Bergin, John R. Logan, Howard S. White, Arthur B. Burton, Miller C. Haynor, Fred W. Nettleton, Geo. Hargraves, Philip J. Riley, Geo. F. Mulligan, Patrick McFadden, J. J. O'Sullivan, Edward W. Beach. Joseph L. Stanley, Charles Schmidt, Addison A. Ashborn, Archibald F. Mitchell, Ralph E. Day. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 15 HISTORY OF THE POLICE DEPARTMENT It is a far cry from the present police department of Waterbury, with its seventy-nine members, its modern headquarters, its splendid alarm system, to that humble beginning in 1854, when the Court of Common Council named the eighteen constables for the newly incorporated city. In 1893, the beginning of the quarter century of this history, the department was still under a Board of Police Commissioners, acting under the charter amendment of 1872. George M. Egan was chief and under him was a small but exceedingly efficient force of men. It was on January 31st, of the year 1893, that the Mutual Aid Society was formed and this, an independent beneficiary organization, still thrives and pays out of its funds sick and death benefits. It has, however, no connection with the police pension fund, which was authorized by the Board of Public Safety on October 17, 1899. It was not until August 5, 1902, however, that the Board of Trustees of the Reserve Fund of the Police Department of Waterbury was formally organized at a meeting in the city clerk's office, with Commissioners Franklin A. Taylor, Dennis J. Lahey, Edward B. Hardie, Peter B. Reeves, and George B. Beach pres- ent, all ex-officio members of the Board of Trustees. At this meeting Mayor Edward G. Kilduff was elected president of the board. Commissioner Lahey, secretary, and City Treasurer G. A. Gibson, treasurer. For some time previous money derived from time lost by members of the de- partment, properly found and not claimed, and five per cent of all liquor license money, had been accumulating. On September 9, 1902, Treasurer Gibson re- ported that he had followed out the authorization given him to purchase city bonds, and that the financial condition of the fund was as follows : 84,000 City of Waterbury y/ 2 per cent, January, 1926, at 102.42 $ 4,096.80 $4,000 City of Waterbury 3^/2 per cent, January, 1925, at 102.35 4,094.00 £2,000 City of Waterbury 3^ per cent, January, 1924, at 102.28 2,045.60 Interest, 2.8 per cent 66.1 1 $10,302.51 Balance in savings bank 473°7 The fund is now nearly $40,000, and the income from numerous sources is meeting all demands. The first pension to be awarded from the fund was given to the widow of Policeman Paul Mendelssohn, who, on March 8, 1903, was shot to death while in the performance of his duty. In 1896, under the revised charter, the department came under the super- vision of a Board of Public Safety, the first members of which were Mayor Edward G. Kilduff, Ellis Phelan, Wm. C. Moore, Eugene J. Sullivan, George A. Driggs, J. Merritt Gallond. In 190 1, the Gamewell police signal system, with twenty-two boxes, was installed, and this has since been greatly extended. On April 22, 1902, a detective bureau was formed, with Lieut. Thomas Dodds in command. In January, 1904, when Mayor John P. Elton took the presidency of the Board of Public Safety, its members were: Geo. M. Beach, George A. Driggs, M. J. Daly, Charles Y. Kent and Louis X. Van Keuren, and one of its first acts was the installation of the Bertillon system of identification. The first patrol wagon was put into service March 1. 1905. The first auto patrol wagon was bought in 1910. V 16 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY On October 28, 1905, Chief George M. Egan, who had been at the head of the department since 1884, retired, and the present superintendent, George M. Beach, was chosen to fill the vacancy. He had been a member of the Board of Public Safety. The police department lost some of its valuable records by the incendiary fire of 1912, when the old City Hall was burned. Speedy repairs enabled the police to re-occupy their old quarters within a month after the fire. The three platoon system was put into effect on May 5, 191 3. On January 13, 1916, the quarters in the new City Hall were occupied. A description of these appears in the article on the new City Hall. The Board of Commissioners of Public Safety at present (1917) is as fol- lows: Mayor Martin Scully, chairman; John C. Downey, Alfred J. Wolff, John O'Brien, James Crompton, Arthur B. Burton. waterbury's constabulary force ' Early in 1915, several of the large manufacturing companies of Waterbury co-operated with the city in the establishment of a special police or constabulary force. The Scovill Mfg. Co., with its extensive plant and equipment and large factory additions under construction, faced the need of special protection for its plant and employees. The problem was solved by the establishment, with consent and co-operation of the city officials, of a uniformed constabulary, paid by the Scovill Mfg. Co., but under the direct supervision of George M. Beach, super- intendent of the Waterbury Department of Police. This took place on May 21, I915. Up to that time the "constabulary" consisted of ten men only, all members of the city supernumerary department, and was divided into two shifts, a day and night detail, each of twelve hours' duration. From that time on the con- stabulary gradually was increased in number until it reached its present size of forty-seven members. The shortage of regular policemen to patrol the city streets, however, resulted in the detailing of many supernumeraries to regular police beats, with the result that the supply of supernumeraries for appointment to the Scovill constabulary was finally exhausted. To offset this, the Board of Public Safety took advantage of an ordinance giving the Board of Aldermen the power to appoint special constables, by referring to them lists of names of ap- plicants for appointment as supernumeraries, with the recommendation that they be appointed special constables. This procedure has since been followed out, and at present the constabulary consists of about fifty per cent supernumeraries and fifty per cent special con- stables. In several instances of late, where vacancies have occurred in the regular police force, the appointees were supernumeraries who had been members of the constabulary and whose work in that capacity had earned their appointment as "regulars." The supernumerary's place was generally filled by the promotion of a deserving special constable. The constabulary is a department of police in itself, works on three eight-hour shifts daily, a roundsman being in charge of each shift. The members wear uniforms and are equipped like members of the regular force. The roundsmen wear chevrons denoting their rank. Aside from the daily compensation which they receive, members of the con- stabulary are well taken care of by their employers, the latter assuming all expense in fitting out the men with uniforms and equipment. In addition to this, the WATER lil'KY AND TIIENAUGATUCK VALLEY 17 company has had rest stations erected, which are located on the various beats surrounding the huge plant. To these the members are privileged to retire for their lunch and for short rests. In doing police duty, the men patrol only those thoroughfares adjoining the property of the company, and are not required to do duty inside of the plant, unless in cases of emergency. The company's patrol watchmen serve within the gates and do not go outside except in cases of emergency. The company has had erected five police signal boxes which are connected with the Gamewell system at police headquarters, and from which the men send in their regular "rings.'' A telephone and call for the patrol have also been installed. The regular department now consists of the following officers and men: Superintendent, one police captain, one detective captain, two police lieutenants, one detective lieutenant, four police sergeants, three detective sergeants, three auto-patrol drivers, one court officer, two motorcycle policemen, one secre- tary, one police matron, and fifty-eight patrolmen. Three doormen also do duty at headquarters, but they are members of the supernumerary police force. A similar auxiliary constabulary system has been established at the Chase plant, where fifteen special policemen are employed, all patrolling the beats about the plants, uniformed, and in command of the superintendent of police. At the American Brass Works the constabulary, paid by the company, but working in conjunction with the police, numbers sixteen men. At several other plants the constabulary consists of from one to three men. The detective department, in charge of Capt. Thomas M. Dodds, has made a record for itself in the unearthing of crime. The most notable case was the capture of the four men concerned in the murder, March, 1905, of the aged recluse. Thomas Lockwood, who lived on the Park Road. The report that he was a miser and had a trunkful of gold in the place had aroused the cupidity of the men. Captain Dodds followed a number of clues, finally landing three of his men in Brooklyn, N. Y. Three of them were given life sentences, and one, who had helped to plan the murder, was given a five-year term. The Carpenilla triple murder. September 2, 1907, was followed by some of the quickest and best detective work ever done in the state. The murderer had escaped and was caught on a train at Stamford on telegraphic orders which had covered every possible avenue of escape from the city. On September 20, 1909, occurred the murder at Union City of Stanislaus Kulivinskis. In this case, one of the most harrowing on record, the detective department worked up the evidence to the minutest detail, showing how the woman in the case. Sophie Kritchman, had first shot the man. then allowed him to lie dying in the woods for twenty-four hours. She then went back and cut the man's throat with a razor. When she found later that he was still alive, she again shot him five times and left him dead, as she thought. He was still breath- ing when discovered and died in a Waterbury hospital. The case first ended in a mistrial. Later, on a change of venue, she was convicted, together with her lover, Joe Mitchell ; although the latter had no part in the actual murder he was given a life sentence and the woman was sent up for from twelve to fourteen years. THE TROLLEY STRIKE OF I9O3 On Sunday morning. January n. 1903. approximately one hundred and fifty men in the employ of the Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company, then operating the trollev svstem. refused to go to work. The immediate grievance Vol. 1—2 18 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY which precipitated the strike was the discharge of Wm. Barrett, an employee, who was president of the Amalgamated Association of Street Railway Employees, Local No. 193, and three others. On Saturday night, January 10th, the men met and formulated demands aside from that asking for the reinstatement of the discharged employees. They asked for recognition of the union, a ten-hour day at 22^2 cents per hour for all regular and extra work, and a company order that all employees join the union within thirty days after employment. Through its general manager, J. E. Sewell, the company rejected the demands and informed the men that their places would be declared vacant if they failed to report for duty within twenty-four hours. On Monday, January 12th, no cars were regularly operated. On Wednesday, Tanuary 14th, the attempt to operate two cars was met with obstructive tactics by the strikers and their sympathizers. On Thursday, a few cars ran on the Waterville line and later several were operated on the Oakville branch. At Waterville one of the cars was badly damaged by sympathizers, who had gathered outside one of the factories at the noon hour. On Friday, one hundred strike breakers were housed at the barns and the Oakville, Waterville, North Main and Bank Street lines were operated, but not on any regular schedule. On Saturday night crowds gathered near the barns and a riot was started, but no serious damage was done. In the meantime the efforts of the business men and of Mayor Kilduff and other city officials to effect a settlement failed completely, neither side expressing a willingness to make concessions. The strikers now began a systematic boycott of individuals and business firms who showed evidences of friendliness' to the company, and a period of terror- ism followed, in which the efforts of the company to run cars on schedule or at night only partially succeeded. The patronage was lacking, even on the lines which were operated with least opposition. The riots increased in intensity and finally on Saturday night, January 31st, approximately four thousand people gathered along the principal downtown thoroughfares, the mob getting beyond the control of the police. Cars were stoned, the mayor was hooted, and in one attack a dozen were injured. One arrest was made by Dr. A. A. Crane, who witnessed an assault and captured the boy assailant. The officials called on the governor for aid, and the following day about eight hundred men from the First and Second Regiment, C. N. G., arrived on the scene. They remained until February 10th. A period of comparative quiet followed, broken, however, for several suc- cessive Saturday nights by small rioting and wrecking of cars. Thus far in the strike many of the business houses sympathized with the strikers, but deprecated the continuous extension of the boycott. On Sunday night, March 8th, Officer Paul Mendelssohn, riding for the protec- tion of passengers on a North Main Street car, was killed by four masked men who had been lying in wait for their victim at Forest Park. The public attitude changed immediately from neutrality or sympathy to a determination to put a stop to outlawry. A Citizens' Alliance was formed and $6,000.00 reward was offered for the capture of the murderers. The movement was not confined to this action, however, but became a determined anti-boycott WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 19 crusade. In a few days it numbered 1,600 members and boycott cards which had been posted throughout the city were torn down. It was plain that the strike was practically ended and tbat violence had been responsible for the defeat of the labor cause. It was not, however, until August 1 ith, that an official announcement declared it off. At that time, by agreement, most of the old men were taken back, all, in fact, except the leaders of the strike. On Monday, March 30th, eighteen were arrested by the police, of whom eight were held for complicity in the Faber's switch affair of February 26th, which was an assault on George Morrisetta and Wm. P. Merne. Six were convicted of conspiracy and sentenced by Judge Wheeler to ten months in jail. These sen- tences were never carried out. as the boys confessed and testified in the trial of Willis Yandemark, for perjury, the following June. He was convicted and sen- tenced to from two to three years in the penitentiary. No one was ever arrested or convicted for the murder of Officer Mendelssohn. REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE EGAN The following is the report of the chief of police on the strike: "On Sunday morning, January 11, 1903, Waterbury's first trolley strike was inaugurated, and from that time until the following Thursday no attempt was made to run cars on any of the lines in the city. During that interval considerable excitement was caused by the arrival of non-union trolleymen, and the introduc- tion by the strikers of vehicles of all kinds and descriptions for the conveyance of passengers. "On Thursday, January 15th, the Waterville and Oakville lines were opened, the cars running from about 10 A. M. to 5 P. M., and upon the following day the Bank and North Main Street line was opened from the depot to Hill Street. "On Monday, January 19th, the South Main Street line was opened from Exchange Place to Mill Street, and upon January 22d the East Main Street line was opened to Wolcott Street. Thus far no attempt had been made to operate the cars later than 5 .30 P. M., but on January 26th they were kept running during the evening on the 'Waterville line, and on the following evening they were run- ning to Oakville. On January 28th they continued to run during the evening on the Rank and North Main Street line, and on the 30th they were running to Xaugatuck. "At that time the cars were running on schedule time on all the lines except Bank Street, from the depot to Porter Street, and East Main Street from Wolcott to Silver streets, and it was apparent that the trolley company could secure all the men it needed to run its cars, notwithstanding the abuse they were subject to. "On Saturday, January 31st, the cars were running on all lines the same as on the preceding day and there was no indication of unusual trouble until about 9 P. M. Up to that time Exchange Place was filled with the usual Saturday night crowd, but, contrary to the usual custom, the crowd seemed to increase as it grew later, rather than diminish. About 9:30 I ordered the patrolmen from the outlying beats to come to Exchange Place, and requested the manager of the trolley company to withdraw the cars. "About 10 P. M. the cars arriving in Exchange Place had many broken windows, which sight seemed to add greatly to the joy of the crowd there as- sembled. I again requested Mr. Sewell to withdraw the cars and was informed that such orders had been issued. "About 10:30 the crowd in Exchange Place was reinforced by those who had attended the theaters, and from that time until about I A. M., when the last car 20 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY was put in the barn, the police were unable to protect the cars or the men running them, from the mob. "Up to that night this department had received no outside assistance, not even from the local civil officers, nor had any been requested by the police authorities. "After the riot, when it was evident to all that the police were not adequate to preserve the peace, it was deemed advisable to call upon the county sheriff for assistance, and upon the following evening about 10 o'clock, in response to that call, the entire First Regiment, four companies of the Second Regiment, and two machine guns arrived in the city, and in addition to the out-of-town troops the two local companies were called into service. "On the day following the arrival of the troops deputy sheriffs commenced to arrive, so that on the Wednesday following fifty or more were in the city, a large number of whom were placed on duty on the cars. "On Thursday, February 5th, four days after their arrival the First Regiment was withdrawn, and upon the following day the out-of-town companies of the Second Regiment were relieved. "On February 10th, all except about a dozen of the sheriffs were relieved, thus leaving the situation again practically in the hands of the local authorities. "About the middle of February the situation was again greatly aggravated because of the strike of the linemen, lamp trimmers and inspectors of the lighting system of the city, which system was also owned by the trolley company. Wires were cut, lamps broken, the non-union linemen assaulted and abused, mostly in the outskirts of the city, and the few men still here under the sheriff, as well as the members of this department who could be spared from the trolley lines, were kept very busy in their endeavor to protect the city from darkness. "Thus far during the strike it was not deemed advisable to place policemen on duty on the cars for the purpose of protecting them or their crews, but after the assault on the conductor and motorman on the Waterville line on the evening of February 26th, one policeman was placed on each car during the evening, and it was not until after March 8th, when Officer Mendelssohn was killed, that two men were placed on each car. "The strike caused an expense for state troops of $15,000.00; for sheriffs, $7,000.00, and for extra police, $5,000.00, a total of $27,000.00, and had the law been the same then as at the present time, the city would have had to pay the entire amount. "It is not my purpose to enter into the full details of the trolley strike and the disorder arising therefrom, with which you are familiar, nor to offer excuses for the errors of judgment, if any there were, of those in authority, myself included. I simply desire to call your attention to certain features of the case, which, in my judgment, should the future develop like problems, can be more readily solved, and at much less expense. "In looking over the ground after the excitement is passed, it seems to me that it would have been wise to have placed enough extra policemen on duty when the strike was declared, not only to protect the cars and the men running them, but also to maintain good order in the streets. Had there been fifty extra police- men called into service when the strike was declared, and at least two of them placed upon each car when they commenced to run, the rioting of January 31st would have been unheard of, the so-called Waterville assault case, costing in court fees not less than $3,000.00, would not have occurred, and Officer Men- delssohn would not have been murdered. Had that course been adopted I firmly believe that the disturbance would have ceased much sooner than it did. that the presence of the county sheriff and State troops would have been unnecessary, and FIRE CHIEF HEITMAN SAMUEL C. SNAGG Former Chief Engineer, Waterbury Fire Department WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 21 the expense to the city for extra police would not have greatly exceeded the amount actually expended for that purpose." SUPERINTENDENT GEORGE M. BEACH Superintendent of Police George M. Beach was appointed head of the \\ aterbury Police Department while serving as a member of the Board of Public Safety on May 9, 1905, but it was not until October 28, 1905, that he actually took charge, replacing George M. Egan, who went on the retired list with half pay for life. Before assuming charge of the department. Superintendent Beach was employed by the Waterbury Clock Company. Since taking office, Superintendent Beach has often displayed the executive ability that pronounces his qualifications for the place, and has made a number of changes in police methods both as to office systems and the detailing of men, which have resulted in improved police service. He is a strict disciplinarian and has always required his men rigidly to adhere to departmental rules and orders. Superintendent Beach is a member of the. executive committee of the Inter- national Association of Chiefs of Police, and it is due in part to this association that he has been able to establish his department on its present excellent basis, and keep in touch with police departments throughout the country. SKETCH OF FORMER CHIEF GEORGE M. EGAN Former Chief George M. Egan has an enviable record as head of the police department of Waterbury for twenty-one years, and a member of the department for twenty-nine years. Chief Egan was made a patrolman on April 8, 1876, and promoted to the position of Chief on February 17, 1884. He retired October 28, 1905. During his term of office, the detective force was established, the Gamewell police signal system was installed August 17, 1901, and the Bertillon system of identification was introduced. HISTORY OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, 1893-I917 In 1893. the Waterbury Fire Department consisted of seven companies: Phoenix Xo. i, Citizens No. 2, Monitor No. 3, Protector No. 4, Rose Hill No. 5, Brass City No. 6, and Mutual Hook and Ladder No. 1. Samuel C. Snagg was then chief engineer, and had under him 267 officers and men, mostly volunteers. The permanent force consisted of the chief, four drivers, one tillerman, two hosemen, and one ladderman, — a total of eight men. The remainder were volun- teers. The property of the department was valued at $102,830. A fire alarm telegraph had been installed with forty-six alarm boxes, at a cost of $9,800. It was an up-to-date equipment for that period. In 1894, the volunteers had increased to 290. In 1895, the paid force had increased to twelve, the volunteers remaining about the same. In 1897, the Burton Street building was put into service and housed Engine Company Xo. 1 and Hook and Ladder No. 2. The permanent force now con- sisted of eighteen men, the call force of nine men and the volunteers numbered 243, all divided into nine companies. In that year also the first combination chemical and hose wagon was put into service with Phoenix Company No. 1. In 1898, the volunteers were greatly reduced, no men remaining in service and the permanent and call force was increased. In fact, the present efficient paid department may be said to date from this period. 22 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In 1899, the permanent force was again increased, the total number in service being 17 officers and 144 men. In that year there remained only three volunteer companies. In 1902, after the big fire, a first-class Metropolitan engine and hose wagon were added to the equipment. The total force remained about the same as in 1899. In 1903 the Brooklyn Engine House was added to the department, in 1905 the Willow Street House was added, and in 1908 the Baldwin Street fire house was opened, the Rose Hill Volunteer Company going out of existence. In 1908, the equipment was enlarged by the addition of the first auto hose wagon and a car for the chief engineer. In 1909 a chemical auto engine was added. In 191 1, the first auto pump engine was placed with Engine House No. 5 on East Main Street. The permanent force was now seventy-seven, and there were no volunteers and no call men. In 1913, a Robinson combination pump and hose auto was bought and placed with Engine No. 5. This is the largest piece of equipment in the department. In 1914, the chief engineer, Samuel C. Snagg, retired after thirty-two years as chief engineer, and his place was filled by the appointment of the present chief engineer and fire marshal, Henry H. Heitman, who has just celebrated his twenty- fifth year of service as a fireman. During that year, an underground cable system for the alarms was put into operation. In 191 5. two American-LaFrance auto pump engines were placed in service with Engine Companies No. 3 and 4. In 1916, a new 75-foot aerial truck was bought and placed with Truck Com- pany No. 1. In that year, the headquarters of the department were moved to the City Hall, and in April the truck company from the Scovill Street House was transferred to headquarters. In 1916, another combination chemical and hose auto was bought and placed in headquarters. A triple combustion chemical hose and pump was bought and placed in Willow Street. The department in 191 7 consists of eighty-five paid officers and men. The valuation of the property of the department on January 1, 191 7, was $322,365.00. An interetsing fact in this history is the passing of the fire department horse. There are today only six horses used by the fire fighting forces of Waterbury. One of the most important additions to the department in recent years was the installation of the semi-automatic central fire alarm station at headquarters on Field Street. The main function of the station is to receive and transmit signals from the various boxes. The system, as constructed, may receive and record at the same time eighteen alarms, and in turn transmit to the houses the alarms so that in a space of three minutes there can be received at least two rounds of the eighteen calls for record. The equipment was installed at a cost to the city of $20,000. REPORT OF CHIEF SNAGG ON THE CONFLAGRATION OF FEBRUARY 2 AND 3, I902 The largest fire in the history of Waterbury occurred February 2 and 3, 1902, and for the purposes of this history the most complete description of it is in the official report of Samuel C. Snagg, then chief engineer of the department, which follows : February 2d, at 6:20 P. M., an alarm was turned in from box 7 for a fire in the Camp Building, Nos. 108 to 120 Bank Street. The building was five stories high with a ground dimension of 61 by 94 feet. The Reid & Hughes Dry Goods WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 23 Company occupied the three lower stories, the upper being occupied by a business college and societies. The first intimation of the fire was the blowing out of the windows on the third floor front of the building, which was followed by a dense smoke and flame, pieces of cloth on fire being blown to the sidewalk on the opposite side of the street. The companies were prompt in responding and quickly had streams of water playing on the fire. Hardly had they begun work ere the large windows in the first story were blown out, followed by a sheet of flame which enveloped the men, driving them from the immediate front of the building. The first-story windows in the rear of the building were blown out at this time. Upon my arrival on the fire ground I found the fire not only attacking the buildings on the east side of Bank Street, but crossing the narrow passway in the rear of the Camp Building and attacking the five-story Schlegel Building; a line of hose was at once ordered and quickly gotten to this point and an effort made to keep the flames from penetrating this building. At 6:35 P. M. I ordered a second alarm turned in, thus calling the entire department into service. The high wind prevailing at the time had increased in force to such an extent that the flames were being driven with fearful rapiditv across Bank Street, also attacking the buildings both north and south of the Camp Building. The network of electric light wires on the east side of Bank Street had begun to burn off and drop to the ground, or hang in mid-air, making it extremely dangerous for the men and also making their efforts ineffective at times. Realizing the perilous condition under which the men were working, I requested Mayor Kilduff to notify those in charge of the pow r er-house that the cur- rent must be cut off all wires running north from Meadow Street, and this was done after warning had been given as to the responsibility should any lives be lost by reason of the condition of these wires. The flames, fanned by the increasing high wind, made rapid strides through the buildings on the east side of Bank Street to the west side of South Main Street, although heroic efforts had been made by the men to prevent it. The fire had already invested the Schlegel Building and its destruction was but a question of minutes. Aid had been asked from New Haven, Hartford, Bridgeport, and Torrington. each of these places responding with an engine and hose wagon. Xaugatuck and Watertown, learning of our distress, sent men with apparatus, who were soon at work at the points assigned them. In the meantime, the fire had spread from the Schlegel Building to the Franklin House and the New England Engineering Company's building on Grand Street. Aid was rendered by several of our manufacturing establishments by sending hose, which was used until after the fire was under control. On Bank Street, hard work had been and was now being done to keep the flames from licking up all the buildings from Center Street to Grand Street, and the efforts of the men were finally rewarded. They had successfully cut out and saved a portion of the build- ings on this street near these two points. The willingness of the captains to carry out their orders to their men and the determination of the men "in an effective way - ' to assist in executing those orders was very gratifying to me. A hard fight was going on in South Main Street to keep the fire from crossing to the east side. Although not wholly successful, a very creditable stand was made, and both officers and men worked in a manner most commendable. Grand Street at this time was losing its row of handsome five-story buildings, the flames having gotten into them, spreading from the Franklin House to the Jacques Building and not being checked until it reached within one building of Leavenworth Street. The attempt to prevent the spread of the fire at this point 24 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY was not carried on with any degree of success whatever. Owing to the lack of hose and the want of an additional hydrant on Grand Street, the chance of preventing the destruction of these buildings was very discouraging. At this time our own department had nineteen streams playing on the fire, water being taken from fourteen hydrants. There was an abundance of water and good pressure, but the streams most of the time were ineffective by reason of what was little short of a gale blowing. Upon the arrival of the firemen from other cities with their engines and hose, they were assigned by me to hydrants and positions at the fire. They were a most welcome addition to our fire-fighting force. These men, when on the road to render us aid, fully realized the task our department had on hand, and the willing and effective manner in which they carried out the work assigned them was highly commendable. Torrington men with their apparatus were first to go into action, their engine being stationed at the hydrant at the corner of Grand and Canal streets and hose laid in on Bank Street. New Haven was by some person without authority located on lower Bank Street. As soon as this was discovered, the men were changed to East Main Street, their engine stationed at the hydrant at the Piatt Building and hose lined in on Bank Street. Hartford was stationed at the northeast corner of Center Square, their engine attached to the same hydrant as our No. 2 engine, and their hose laid in on South Main Street. Bridgeport was assigned to the hydrant at the corner of Bank Street and Harrison Avenue, and their hose lined in on South Main Street. Naugatuck and Watertown were assigned to posi- tions on both Grand and South Main streets. Up to the time of the arrival of the out-of-town companies, the firemen in our department had passed through an ordeal such as has been the lot of but lew men in their vocation. On the street, in buildings, and on the tops of build- ings, they were constantly facing danger, and in one instance half the men of one company providentially escaped being killed. When the spread of the flames had been checked at all points and thoughts had been turned to relieving our out-of-town friends, I received word that the Scovill House was on fire. This was about 4 :2o A. M., February 3d, and at this time an alarm was being run in from Box 7. Chief Fancher of New Haven and I were engaged in conversation when this message was received ; his men were directing a stream on the ruins of the Tones & Morgan Building. Upon my giving him the information I had received, he at once ordered his line changed and soon had a stream on the first floor of the Scovill House. This fire originated in a basement room known as the stock-room. Prior to my receiving word of this fire, Assistant Chief O'Brien had gotten a line of hose, manned by Watertown firemen, into the basement and had a stream at work. Orders were at once given for all hose leading from the engines to be brought to different points about this building and in a very short time each engine had powerful streams at work; hose leading from some hydrants were changed, and additional streams directed on this fire. Fortunately, but one engine had to change its location to reach this fire. The building was situated very close to the buildings on the east side, being separated only by a four-foot passway on the south side, Harrison Avenue ran between it and the buildings there ; on the west, a driveway separated it from the City Hall. Twelve streams were brought to bear on the Scovill House and the buildings nearby. The fire made rapid strides through the burning building in spite of the efforts of the men to prevent it, and its total destruction was a quesion of a very short time. By hard work, the City Hall building was saved. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 25 On the east side there was a hard fight to keep the fire from the Hodson Building, Exchange Hotel, and other buildings; on Harrison Avenue the boys were per- sistent and kept the buildings at that point from harm. This was certainly a grand fight, all things considered, and all who took part can but look with pride upon their work. Without our out-of-town friends and their engines and hose, this would have been a fire almost, if not fully, as dis- astrous as the fire that had already filled the hearts of our people with terror. One of the employees of the Scovill House lost his life in this fire. This was doubted by many, but proved only too true, as his remains were found by parties excavat- ing in the ruins some weeks afterward. The origin of both these fires will, in my opinion, always remain unsolved. A thorough investigation has been made, but nothing ascertained that would throw any light on the real cause. Many theories have been advanced, such as incen- diary, gas, hot air, combustion, electric light wires, and rubbish in cellar; these were given to the fire in the Camp Building. To the Scovill House, incendiarism or a lamp explosion in the stock-room were the most probable, especially the latter, all electric currents and gas having been turned off from the city at the time of the latter fire. This conflagration brought out the necessity of a larger and better equipped fire department ; the very forcible illustration that we should have none but a paid service and that composed of men of stature, muscle and brain, endowed with courage. The service rendered our city by the officers and men from other towns will always be held in grateful remembrance by all our townspeople, and I am pleased to say that the Honorable Board of Public Safety promptly took recognition and so notified the proper officials in the cities and towns whose fire- men were with us that eventful night and morning. The firemen of our own department who performed service this memorable night and morning are entitled to the highest praise which can be given them. Their work on that occasion speaks volumes for them, and brings out vividly the fact that Waterbury had firemen in her fire department who should be looked upon with especial pride and who are sure to give a creditable account of their services whenever called upon. On Bank Street, thirteen buildings were totally destroyed, one being a tem- porary two-story frame structure. Eight sustained a partial or slight loss. Of the buildings totally destroyed, two were five stories, five four stories, five three stories, and one one-story high. On Grand Street, seven buildings were totally destroyed and seven sustained a partial or slight loss. Of the buildings totally destroyed, six were five stories and one four stories high. On West Main Street, one building (Scovill House) was totally destroyed and three sustained a partial or slight loss. On Center Street, three buildings sustained a slight loss. With the exception of the two-story frame structure, all buildings totally destroyed were of brick and twenty-nine in number. The area burned over was about two and three-fourths acres. Six million gallons of water were used. Value of buildings and contents, fire of 2nd $1,803,172.57 Value of buildings and contents, fire of 3rd 341,500.00 Total valuation $2,144,672.57 26 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Loss on buildings and contents, fire of 2nd $1,218,926.30 Loss on buildings and contents, fire of 3rd I 53>795- I 9 Total loss $1,372,721.49 Insurance on buildings and contents, fire of 2nd $1,498,911.00 Insurance on buildings and contents, fire of 3rd 172,600.00 Total insurance $1,671,511.00 Insurance paid on loss of buildings and contents, fire of 2nd $ 915,571.27 Insurance paid on loss of buildings and contents, fire of 3rd 69,207.78 Total insurance paid $ 984,779.05 FIRES OF A QUARTER CENTURY The following is a record of notable fires of the past quarter century : 1893 — January. Clothing store of F. B. Merriman was burned; loss, $12,000. April 19. Lilley Block (South Main Street) was seriously damaged; loss, $64,000. April 21. Casting shop of Holmes, Booth & Hay dens was burned; loss, $2,600. April 24. Office of Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Co. seriously damaged; loss, $16,932. Oct. 16. Factory of Waterbury Spoke and Handle Co. destroyed ; loss, $2,200. 1894 — February. Arcade Building, owned by R. K. Brown, was destroyed, and the store of Miller & Peck, adjoining, was seriously damaged ; total loss, $80,000. Dec. 28. This was the date of what is known as the "Piatt Block Fire." It destroyed the second and third stories and their contents. The total loss was $68,944.73. Total insurance paid was $65,147.93. 1895 — June. A fire started in the center of the Randolph & Clowes Mfg. Co.'s plant. By hard work the firemen got the fire under control before it had spread to any extent. So pleased was George H. Clowes, of the Randolph & Clowes Company, that he called ex-Chief Samuel C. Snagg to his office, before the last line of hose had been taken up, and presented him with a check for $100 for the department. The loss at this fire was $17,511.60. Nov. 20. On this date occurred what is known as the "North End Fire Epidemic," five barns in the district being burned, causing damage to the sum of $7,471.00. 1896 — January. The lamp department of the Holmes, Booth & Haydens Com- pany was burned. Loss, $17,000. March 28. This is the date of the Waterbury City Lumber & Coal Co. fire. The loss was $59,855.34. Insurance paid was $55,825.34. Fifteen horses per- ished in the fire. Lilley, Swift & Co., and Valentine Bohl & Co. also sustained considerable loss from this fire. Nov. 28. Jacques' Auditorium was burned. Loss was $13,459. 1897 — September. The Waterbury American Building was seriously damaged Loss, $12,000. 1899 — November 1. South Waterbury (Simonsville) fire. Simon's Block, corner Middle and Simon streets, and nine dwellings destroyed. Loss, $50,000. 1902 — Feb. 1-2-3. O n these dates occurred the big Waterbury fire. 1912 — April 22. The City Hall was totally destroyed. On the day of this WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 27 fire, several other dangerous fires occurred, some happening when the City Hall was burning, thus causing great confusion and excitement. April 3. Baptist Church on Grand Street destroyed ; loss, $50,000. 1915 — December. Buckingham Street fire. Four fine residences destroyed. Total loss was $35,000. 1916 — Jan. 3. The Connecticut Hotel on Center Street was gutted by a mysterious fire, which resulted in the loss of one life and the destruction of the hotel. Six other guests were seriously injured in escaping. FORMER CHIEF ENGINEER SAMUEL C. SNAGG » Samuel Craft Snagg was born in Westport, November 18, 1846. He came to Waterbury in 1856, and was educated at the high school. On March 5, 1862, he enlisted at New Haven, in Company C. First Regiment, Connecticut Heavy Artil- lery, the enlistment being credited to Waterbury. At Arlington Heights, in March, 1864, he re-enlisted to serve until the end of the war. Among the engagements in which he participated were those of Yorktown, Fair Oaks, and Malvern Hill. He was mustered out of the Army of the James at Alexandria, Va., and, returning to Waterbury, followed his trade of machinist until his election to the head of the fire department, on February 3, 1882. For nearly half a century he was connected with the fire department, having joined it in February, 1868. He was a charter member of Monitor Hose Com- pany, No. 3, and was foreman of the company for three terms. Previous to his appointment as chief engineer, he had filled the offices of third and second assistant engineer. In 1914, he retired from the department. His loyal and faithful service was acknowledged by an appropriate pension. Chief Engineer Snagg succeeded Andrew W. Goldsmith. Following is a list of those who have served as chief engineers from the date of the reorgan- ization of the department until the city charter of 1853 to the present time: Edward S. Clark, Henry Merriman, James P. Goodwin, Willis Merrill, B. P. Chatfield, William Laird, Homer D. Bronson, Andrew W. Goldsmith, Samuel C. Snagg and Henry W. Heitman, the present chief engineer. CHIEF ENGINEER HENRY H. HEITMAN Chief Henry H. Heitman, born in Brooklyn, N. Y., on August 14, 1864, was appointed to the permanent force of the fire department on October 13, 1892. He received his education in New York and later moved to this city. Manifesting a keen interest in the work of the department, he served in the volunteer ranks for a few years previous to his appointment to the permanent force. He was assigned to duty at the Scovill Street house. His executive ability was soon recognized, and on October 12, 1898, he was appointed captain of the Scovill Street house. On October 14. 1909, he was appointed drillmaster. He was promoted again on November 1, 191 1, to the position of deputy chief. Upon the retirement of ex-Chief Samuel C. Snagg, Deputy-Chief Heitman was honored by the appointment as head of the department, in which capacity he now serves. On October 13, 1917, he celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his connection with the department. 28 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY THE HEALTH DEPARTMENT The health department has kept, pace in its development, not only with the growth of the city, but more important still, with development along protective lines in all the larger communities of the country. Today in the matter of milk inspection, of food inspection, of medical work in the schools, the city's health program ranks with the best in the country. Dr. C. W. S. Frost, who was the Waterbury health officer in 1899, 1900 and 1901, agitated strongly in that period for the registration of all cases of tuber- culosis, although these years were exceptionally good from the standpoint of health. It, was in 1902 that this suggestion took practical shape, a regulation which is now an important feature of health work everywhere. In 1902 Dr. Thomas J. Kilmartin was made health officer and had at once a smallpox epidemic to contend with. In all ninety-seven cases were reported, with a mortality of less than 3 per cent. During 1904 the health department made two important advances. The first was the establishment of a restricted bacteriological service for the confirmatory diagnosis of disease and the other was the inauguration of medical inspection of pupils in the schools. Two physicians were named to devote one hour of every school morning to the examination of the children. A stricter enforcement for the registration of tuberculosis cases was also instituted. In 1905, after the legislature had granted the board of health power to make its own regulations for the preservation of the public health, a sanitary code was adopted for Waterbury by the Board of Aldermen at the suggestion of the health board. This governed the handling of contagious diseases, the care and sale of milk, and provided for the prevention of spitting in public places. In 1906 the bacteriological work was greatly extended, and the code was enlarged by the addition of regulations governing the condemnation of unsuitable foods. Thus gradually the city was becoming thoroughly metropolitan in its advanced health work. The death rate in that year was 15.6, which compares favorably with other cities the size of Waterbury. The birth rate for 1901 was 28.6 per thousand, better than most cities. During 1907 a movement for cleaning up the yards of the city was begun and with the help of the clergy and other public-spirited citizens, proved a decided success. This has been kept up ever since and has given Waterbury a decidedly brushed-up appearance in its residential section. In 1908 the mortality rate for Waterbury was 14.7 per thousand, the lowest it had been in some years. The Board of Public Health, acting under the new state law, organized in January, 1910, with Dr. A. D. Variell, president; Dr. Charles Engelke, health officer ; Dr. E. W. Goodenough, medical inspector of schools ; J. A. Lundin, sani- tary inspector; Dr. D. B. Deming, bacteriologist; and Dr. P. S. Keeley, milk and food inspector. In this year the appearance of typhoid in the outlying watershed districts caused an immediate inspection of the city's reservoirs, and a careful guarding of its supply. These timely precautions saved the city from what might have become an epidemic. The water, tested daily, was found to be in unusually good condition throughout this period. In 191 1 the appropriation was enlarged to admit of experimenting in the analyzing of milk for the presence of bacteria, a great advance in the health work of the city. In 1912 Dr. T. J. Kilmartin was reappointed health inspector, which position WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 29 he still occupies. _T. F. Carmody was appointed president of the Board of Commissioners of Public Health. This year was marked by the appointment of a tenement house inspector, another great advance in health work. In 1902 a crematory for the disposal of the city's garbage was installed at Waterville and was in use until 1911, when a contract was awarded for removal of garbage and its feeding to swine. The garbage collecting and disposal is now in charge of a supervisor, John P. Caffery. The city has sixteen wagons collecting. The garbage is used for feeding swine, and is turned over free to those who collect. It is costing the city approximately $27,000 a year to collect and dispose of its garbage. A decade ago the cost, with a population much less, was over $24,000. The collection now includes Waterville, East Farms, and Town Plot. In 1916 the epidemic of infantile paralysis was met by a stringently enforced quarantine. The result was that there were but seventeen cases in Waterbury. In October of that year, however, there was a smallpox epidemic to contend with. So drastic were the precautions that there has in 191 7 been no sign of a recurrence. In 1917 the Commissioners of the Board of Health officials are as follows: Board members, Dr. J. D. Freney, T. F. Carmody, Charles A. Babin, Dr. W. L. Barber, Sr., George Hargraves; health officer, Dr. T. J. Kilmartin; sanitary inspector, Edward F. Callahan; milk and food inspector, Dr. Peter F. Keeley; bacteriologist, Dr. T. F. Healey; tenement house inspector, Thomas B. Moran; superintendent of garbage collection, John P. Caffery; medical inspectors of schools, Dr. J. W. Fruin, Dr. C. A. Monagan ; school nurses, Miss Mary Monagan, Mrs. Annie Grady; clerk and secretary to health department, Lucy J. Reid. The latter was appointed the first clerk of the health department in 191 1 and has since held that position. THE BOARD OF CHARITIES The work of the Board of Charities is devoted largely to the care of the city's poor. The city almshouse, which, in 1902, was given the name of Brookside, now houses about one hundred and fifty inmates, and this has been its average for nearly two decades. It was built in 1892, and in the past twenty-five years many improvements have been made, the exterior of the building remaining about as it was at the beginning of this quarter century, 1893. The average of tubercular patients sent by the board to the Meriden State Sanitarium in the past five years has been about fifty; to the Shelton State Sanitarium, about five : to the Hartford State Sanitarium, eight, and to the Nor- wich State Sanitarium, two. CHAPTER III THE CITY'S PHYSICAL PROBLEMS AND CHANGES ITS SITE NOT IDEAL RECONSTRUCTION OF LEADING THOROUGHFARES ITS NEW BRIDGES — THE WATER SYSTEM AND THE BUILDING OF ITS GREAT CHAIN OF RESER- VOIRS — THE SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANT NOT YET COMPLETED LONG LITIGATION WITH FACTORY OWNERS SEWER CONSTRUCTION OF A QUARTER CENTURY THE NAUGATUCK RIVER CONSERVATION PLAN THE WATERBURY-DERBY BARGE CANAL PROJECT. Rapid growth in population and a site remarkable for its natural perversities have combined to make the ordering of Waterbury's physical growth a cluster of complex and difficult problems. The growth in population has been far greater than the average for New England cities, and has been equalled by few commu- nities in the older states. With all due respect to the forefathers who founded and developed Waterbury, it must be conceded that they did not select an eligible site for a large industrial city. When the reasonably level land which formed the river valley was occupied, and the city began to expand in all directions, it was found that all future growth must be uphill. The hills were many, steep and rocky, the ground was obdurate. Builders have discovered that it may cost nearly as much to blast out a cellar as to build a small house, while on the other hand a pocket of fine building sand, a commodity which is as good as gold in Waterbury, may be unearthed and sold for enough to pay for excavation. Most streets and many building sites call for expensive grading and sometimes there is filling to be given away and at other points it brings a premium. On account of the hilly contours and gravelly soil, highways are expensive to build and maintain and much permanent paving is needed, more in fact than the city has been able to provide. Water and gas mains and sewer lines must frequently be laid for considerable distances through rock. The approaches to the city running through narrow valleys or over consid- erable hills are difficult. When the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad double-tracked the Naugatuck division through Waterbury in 1905-7. it was necessary to move or divert the Naugatuck River in places to find room for a reasonably straight double track. The supply of water, of which large quantities are necessary in brass manu- facture for the washing of brass, is none too large for the future development of the typical industry, and most important of all, the need for potable water to maintain the constantly growing population in health and comfort, renders it necessary to go farther afield. The central portion of Connecticut is so largely urban that towns and cities are competing for available water supplies and choice is no longer free. Pure water must be had and it is difficult to secure it and expensive to deliver it. The newest and most perplexing problem, because still only partially settled, is the disposal of waste matter, in which the rights of the down-stream commu- nities and property holders are involved, and the question of sewage disposal, 30 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 31 which has been vexing us for twenty years, still lacks its permanent solution. This added anxiety, peculiar to an inland city with many neighbors, seems an unjust addition to the physical difficulties with which Waterbury has so bravely and successfully contended. The need of constant planning ahead with careful foresight has been imperative because the growth of the city would not wait for time to solve its problems. A community which grows from 28,000 people in 1890, to 45,000 in 1900, and 73,000 in 1910, and in 1917 knows it has 100,000 and sees every prospect of doubling in size in the next twenty years, must needs take time by the forelock and especially when it has more than ordinary natural diffi- culties to master. For these reasons the physical development of Waterbury has been largely an engineering problem and it has been engineering of a most interesting kind. It has been grappled with boldly and we have been fortunate in having at our command men who with clear eyes and a faith in the city's future have done enduring work wisely and economically so that the community and its industries are not weighted down with hopelessly large obligations as a permanent mortgage upon the future. THE RECONSTRUCTION OF LEADING THOROUGHFARES £^2_ Waterbury is principally indebted for the present satisfactory condition of its physical equipment, and its consequent opportunities for further progress, to the life work of one man, Robert A. Cairns, its city engineer, and to the co-opera- tion and loyal backing which he has had from a long line of mayors and boards of aldermen. It is due to the official co-operation which he has enjoyed that there is no city department in which the evidences of growth for the^ past quarter century are so clear as in that of the city engineer. During this period the changes have been not alone in the mere housing of its continually growing population and in the increase of its business buildings, but far more notably in giving to Waterbury the physical aspect of a great municipality. It is especially in the reconstruction of its leading thoroughfares that history has been made in this quarter century. The widening of Grand Street in 1909 and the widening of Meadow Street during the same year, eliminating South Willow and Cedar streets, was a particu- larly important betterment. This means that Meadow Street now runs continu- ously from West Main to South Main streets, and that there is a fine approach to the City Hall, Library and Union Station. The Liberty Street opening shortly afterwards gave a 60-foot street between Bank and Benedict streets. The Jeffer- son Street extension to South Elm Street in 191 1 was a splendid improvement for that section. The opening of Robbins Street in 1907 was another valuable improvement in the highway system of the city. In 1914 Thomaston Avenue was laid out with a uniform width of fifty feet to Waterville. In that work the railroad agreed to re-locate the track of the Naugatuck division and the city lowered by six feet for a length of 1,000 feet a 36-inch water main. In 1914 also Watertown Avenue from Steele's Brook bridge to the Driving Park was built by the state, the first piece of concrete highway in Waterbury. During 1918. or as soon as the courts have settled on damages, Leavenworth Street is to be widened to fifty feet between Grand and West Main streets. The most important improvement of this character now begun is that on Huntington Avenue. A street fifty feet wide from Thomaston Avenue to 32 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Watertown Avenue has been laid out. This, when completed, will eliminate a detour of three miles to a section that has been growing phenomenally along manufacturing and residential lines. There will be three bridges in this new street. An expensive and much-needed grade crossing is to be provided for. It is also the purpose of the city to locate the West Main Street steel bridge over the Naugatuck River. Steele's Brook bridge will necessarily be raised. There are today approximately twenty miles of permanently paved streets in Waterbury. This reckoning includes all of those constructed of granite, vitrified brick, bitulithic asphalt and asphalt, but not macadamized streets. THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW BRIDGES Side by side with highway construction goes the providing of bridges and Waterbury is necessarily a city of many bridges. ' The winding Naugatuck River with its numerous tributaries would set us apart from our neighbors if it were not for the building of bridges, large and small. This work has been particularly active during the last ten years. In 1905 the city constructed Steele's Brook bridge. This is a reinforced con- crete girder bridge, sixty feet wide, with two 20-foot spans, the axis of the bridge being at an angle of fifty-five degrees. This gave a 60-foot street where it had been only eighteen. The Grandview Avenue bridge over Robbins Street, built in 1907, is a rein- forced concrete girder bridge with a 40-foot span. It carries across an important highwav what will eventually become a noble residential boulevard. In 1907 the Liberty Street bridge was built. This is a concrete arch bridge, 50-foot span, with a width of forty feet. It was necessary to go thirty-one feet below the street surface to secure a foundation. On September 9, 1916, the Bank Street bridge was opened, the people of Brooklyn celebrating the event. This, the finest bridge in the city and erected at a cost of $100,000, is a three-span masonry arch bridge, 49^ feet between para- pets. The old steel bridge over Bank Street was repaired, painted, fitted out with many new parts, and was re-erected over the Naugatuck River at Freight Street in 191 5, giving the Brooklyn district another much needed outlet. The four-track viaduct built by the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co. through the central part of the city with its- abolition of grade crossings is a permanent guar- antee against accidents. During the past few years there have also been built the Hancock Brook bridge at Waterville, fifty feet wide, with two spans of twenty-two feet each, and a 10-foot rustic bridge, fifty feet long, built over Riverside. A 50-foot girder bridge over the Mad River at Hamilton Avenue is now under way. Plans are also complete for a new West Main Street bridge, which is to be a three-span masonry arch bridge. THE GROWTH OF THE WATER SYSTEM Probably the most important element of the municipal plant is the water supply system, the magnitude of which is not generally realized because while its product is daily before the public eye, its parts are concealed or scattered in remote districts. Yet its development during the last twenty-five years has been so remarkable as to bespeak public attention. It is a far cry from the spring at Willow and Grove Streets that 117 years ago supplied W r aterbury's leading families with water, to the magnificent system THE WIGWAM DAM AND RESERVOIR OF WATERBURY'S MUNICIPAL WATER SYSTEM THE BROOKLYN BRIDGE, CARRYING BANK STREET OVER THE NAUGATUCK RIVER WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 33 which now fills the needs of a city of 100,000 population. Up to the year 1893 the city's water supply was drawn from the reservoirs which collected the drainage of about one square mile and had a storage capacity of 180,000,000 gallons. Today, after the extensions and growth of a quarter century, the supply is as follows : Gallons East Mountain Reservoirs 137,000,000 Wigwam Reservoirs 730,000,000 Morris Reservoirs 2,000,000,000 2,867,000,000 Prospective Pitch Brook Reservoir 1,440,220,000 Total available in 1919 4,307,220,000 It was in 1893 tnat City Engineer Robert A. Cairns, far-seeing and almost prophetic as to the growth of Waterbury, urged the adoption of new plans on a far larger scale than had ever before been contemplated. It was with some trepi- dation that the authority was finally granted and the work of giving Waterbury an adequate water supply was begun, all plans and supervision being in charge of Mr. Cairns. The territory selected for the first gathering ground, — the Wigwam dam and reservoir, — lies to the northwest of the city among the Litchfield Hills, at a distance of about ten miles. It has an area of eighteen square miles, drained by the West Branch of the Naugatuck River. A careful investigation showed a population of less than twenty-five persons per square mile of watershed. Probably two-thirds of the region is wooded, farming being carried on to a less extent than was the case fifty years ago. The main stream has an average inclination of about sixty feet per mile, and flows through a valley having a narrow floor and very steep side hills. Tributaries to the main stream have such inclinations as to make it out of the question to place storage reservoirs on them. Owing to these unfavorable conditions it was found advisable to limit the provision of storage to such an amount as would insure a safe uniform yield in dry seasons of 600,000 gallons a day per square mile of net land surface, or a total average daily yield of 10,500,000 gallons. Construction was begun in the spring of 1893. It included excavation for and construction of that part of the masonry dam below the bed of the brook, as well as much stripping of the basin and grading portions of the pipe line. In the winter of 1893-4 contracts were let for all work necessary to complete the reservoir to a flow line of 410 feet, city datum, including dams, road diversion and stripping of the basin, and for the completion of a 36-inch pipe line to the city. During 1894 and 1895 these contracts were executed, and a regular supply was furnished in January. 1896. It was decided to postpone further work at the reservoir until more storage should be found necessary, but the rapid increase in consumption, due to the growth of the city and the very dry season of 1899, forbade longer delay and in the years 1901 and 1902 the dams were built up to their full height as planned. At the same time the additional flowage was thoroughly stripped of top soil and all stumps and roots taken out. The reservoir was first filled to its maximum level in December, 1901, the water rising rapidly as a result of a severe storm. Observations since that time indicate that the work is of excellent character, leakage through the dams being Vol. 1—3 34 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY very small. On the down-stream face of the masonry dam, the sweating is so inconsiderable that on a clear, bright day it practically all evaporates. The reservoir has an area of 105 acres, and a total capacity of 730,000,000 gallons. In 1904 under the direction of Mr. Cairns, a high service water supply was planned and partially completed, giving the thousands who lived on high ground an adequate supply of excellent drinking water for the first time. An inlet gate house was constructed in East Mountain Reservoir and connection was made by means of a pipe line with the high ground in the northeastern and northern sections of the city. In 1907 the pipe line was extended clear across the city to the Town Plot section, — a difficult piece of construction. Since then the Silver Street pumping station and that known as the Willow Street pumping station have been constructed with a view to filling the East Mountain Reservoir from the Wigwam system and keeping up the water pressure. Both pumping stations can be utilized to send water supply from the Wigwam reservoir to the East Mountain reservoir when necessary. The water tower on Hill Street, which has a capacity of 50,000 gallons, was finished last year to supply a small population on the higher levels of that particu- lar district. A smaller one is now being built in the Bunker Hill district to supply Elmhurst. In 1909 when Waterbury was estimated to have a population of 75,000, work was begun on the second of the city's larger reservoir systems. The Morris dam is located on the same stream as the Wigwam dam, a little more than a mile farther up stream. In distinction from the latter, however, it is an earth dam with concrete core-wall, a study of the conditions and available material having proved an earth dam to be most economical. Its greatest height above the surface of the valley is about one hundred feet and its length 1,100 feet, including the waste weir. It adds a storage of 2,000,000,000 gallons to that afforded by the Wigwam reservoir. The foundations of the core-wall rest on a ledge of solid rock extending across the entire width of the valley. On the side slopes, rock is at a depth of but a few feet from the original surface, while in the center of the valley the foundation pit had to be carried down to a depth of forty-five feet by the use of steel sheet piling. The foundations of the head-walls, gate-house and spillway, located at the west end of the dam, also rest on solid rock. A reinforced concrete drain tunnel, about thirty-four square feet in section, is located on the ledge at the foot of the western slope. This took all the normal flow of the creek during construction. It leads into the down stream gate-house, where 24-inch pipe connections are made with a pipe leading into the present city main from the Wigwam reservoir, and with a blow-off into the lower reservoir. These gates, however, are not intended for regular use, but only for exceptional occasions when the water should become very low or when it may become necessary to draw off the reservoir. The service gate-house is on the western end of the dam on the head-wall between the embankment and spillway. It has six 30-inch intakes leading into two intake walls. They are provided with separately operated gate valves. A 24-inch pipe line is constructed around the Wigwam reservoir connecting directly with the city service main below the Wigwam dam, so that if the city wishes to discontinue the Wigwam service for any purpose, such as cleaning the reservoir basin, it can get its supply direct from the Morris reservoir. The third reservoir, known as the Pitch Brook reservoir, is to be built just above the Morris dam and will add 1,440,200,000 gallons to the city's supply. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 35 The cost of tiiis will be very heavy, owing to present building conditions. The construction of this reservoir necessitated the re-location of two highways, and plans and profiles were made for this and the work has heen completed. The Wigwam Brook diversion, which means a tunnel r,6oo feet long and a small diversion dam, part of the third reservoir system, are well under way. In a letter to the mayor, published August 15, 1917, Mr. Cairns commented on the latest phases of the situation. In his communication, Mr. Cairns said that considerable progress had heen made in the making of surveys for the new pipe line from the Wigwam reservoir and enough of the work had heen done to determine the availability of the pro- posed line by way of Steele's Brook Valley. He added that some question had arisen as to the possibility of using Steele's Brook Valley route or parallelling the present line. The former would require two miles of tunneling. Mr. Cairns continued : "I have made some approximate estimates with results in which you are interested. It appears that if we should decide to parallel the present 36-inch main from the Wigwam reservoir to West Main Street, with a 36-inch main, tin.' cost of the iron pipe f. o. b. Waterbury at present prices will be about $1,250,- 000. This is about hve times as much as we paid for 36-inch pipe in 1894. The difference in weight between the 36-inch and the 42-inch is 30 per cent. So far as 1 can jndge, the cost of such a pipe line will be approximately the same by either route and at present prices will be about $2,000,000. "The extraordinary and unprecedented costs with which we are confronted are calculated to cause hesitation in committing the city to any definite plan in regard to the proposed new reservoir and also it is evident that the work if undertaken now will cost approximately twice what it was estimated at three years ago. At that time I thought it could be constructed for $800,000, but it is doubtful now if it can be built for less than $1,500,000." Till-: UN COMPLETED SEWAGE DISPOSAL PLANT Waterbury had expended up to September 1, 1917, $440,345.10 on its sewage disposal plant. This is approximately $11,000.00 more than the amount of the authorized bond issue. It includes, moreover, the full amount of damages obtained to date by the Piatt Brothers Company for sewage pollution of the Xaugatuck during the legally prohibited months, — June 1st to December 1st. This averages $2,800.00 a year, and the last amount paid the concern was SjS.ooo.oo on April 13, 191 5, covering a damage period of ten years. The sewage disposal plant, on which work was stopped in 1908, while giving satisfactory service, is still far from complete. According to the original plan about $300,000.00 would have built the pumping plant and the purification tanks and beds. Today City Engineer Cairns figures that the cost would be two or three times the figures as estimated in 1907 and 1908. The history of the city's sew r age disposal plant dates back officially to 1890, although its need had been apparent many years prior to that date. In 1890 Mr. Cairns, heeding the many complaints from residents along the banks of the Xaugatuck River, suggested the purchase of land so that sewage could be conveyed to it and rendered pure for discharge into the river. In this historical report the suggestion was first made for a survey and for plans for a sewage disposal plant. It was in a way also the first expression of the discontent that ended in the long litigation with the Piatt Brothers Company. In [892 suit was brought and 36 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY the city began preparation for an elaborate defense. This litigation extended over a period of over ten years. In 1898 came the first adverse decision in the Superior Court, and the city appealed to the Supreme Court, which in 1903 awarded nominal damages to the Piatt Brothers Company, but by enjoining the city from emptying its sewage into the Naugatuck River from June 1st to December 1st of each year, made the damages continuing. Thus, by agreement, the city is using its old sewage disposal system, but is paying $2,800.00 damages yearly for the privilege. In 1895, however, the city had concluded to begin active work on a sewage disposal plant and engaged one of the best specialists available, Rudolph Hering, of New York, to study its problem. In 1895 an d 1896, under the direction of Mr. Hering and Mr. Cairns, extensive surveys were made by the engineering department. In 1896, Mr. Hering recommended two methods. One was to use a combined precipitation and filtration plant, to be established at a point on the west bank of the Naugatuck River, about opposite Piatt's Mills. The other was to dispose of the sewage by filtration, also, on a field west of Beacon Falls. In discussing these recommendations, Mr. Cairns commented at length on the unfortunate location of Waterbury, making necessary a very long and very expensive outfall sewer. It was the construction of this outfall sewer for ten miles through a very rugged valley that made the Beacon Falls plan hopeless. In Mr. Cairns' opinion, construction would prove sufficiently expensive to Piatt's Mills, only about a mile and a half below the main outfall at that time. In 1903 with the litigation decided against the city, orders were issued for the construction of works for the treatment of city sewage, the location to be at Piatt's Mills. The city secured by condemnation the Bancroft and Upson Farms between South Leonard Street and Piatt's Mills. There was little trouble in inducing the railroad to change its tracks which crossed this land. Then began the survey and mapping out of the whole territory south of Washington Avenue, preparatory to gathering the different outfall sewers into one channel and to the construction of a main carrier to the disposal fields. The work of construction was necessarily slow. In 1907, a year of great national depression, the sale of bonds was almost impossible. But all obstacles were eventually overcome. Early in 1908, section one of the main carrier which had been under construction for two years was officially put into use, together with section two, which had been completed in 1907. These sections extend from a point a little north of Washington Bridge, southerly along the west bank of the river, through Railroad Hill Street to South Leonard Street, and again along the west bank of the river to a point just above Nichols Falls, taking all the sewage from the old Benedict Street trunk sewer, the Mad River interceptor, and the Brooklyn main sewer, and conveying it to a temporary outlet into the Naugatuck about opposite the old Smith & Griggs factory, a distance of 7,100 feet. In his annual report for 1907, Engineer Cairns says: "The effect on the Naugatuck River of keeping out the city sewage has been marked. Since high water came and the old deposits were flushed out, the river as far as the temporary outlet presents an appearance not perceptibly different from that at points above the city." Finally in [908 the engineer reported that the city now had a "continuous con- crete conduit from Washington Avenue to Piatt's Dam, a distance of over two miles, but also a good beginning of the purification works themselves, with main carriers, the grit and screen chambers, and the controller house substructure. The next steps will be the provision of a pumping plant and the construction of tanks and beds." •- / >H /. - Ph Ph P J - Eh B - p pq P3 K H < O x w X C WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 37 But there the story of the city's sewage disposal plant ends. No steps have ever been taken to complete it. In the year 1908 Engineer Cairns suggested that "it is possible to escape vio- lation of the court injunction by closing the temporary outlet through which sewage has been discharged into the Xaugatuck River, conducting the stream through section 3 and allowing it to escape into the river below the dam." But this suggestion, which required an appropriation to make it effective, was also ignored. While the sewage disposal plant is effective as far as its carriers are concerned, it is a disposal plant only in name. A QUARTER CENTURY OF SEWER CONSTRUCTION The problem of taking away and diverting its sewage has been one of the great problems which is now in a fair way to completion. Most of the city is sewered and construction is being pushed annually into new outlying districts. I lere is the record of sewer construction for twenty-five years: Linear Feet Linear Feet 1892 10,280 1905 8,667 1893 5-79 1 T 9o6 7.658 1894 4P74 T 9°7 5. 2 66 1895 6,456 1908 6,890 1896 2,068 1909 3,365 1897 3.7°3 x 9io 10,213 1898 10,389 191 1 7.083 1900 7,052 1912 14,205 1901 9. l6 9 l 9 l 3> IM53 1902 4,4 12 1914 6,036 1903 3.455 r 9*5 7,2i6 1904 7,822 1916 6,680 This, on January 1, 191 7, represented a total of 58.553 miles of trunk and lateral sewers. The history of the sewage disposal plant which provided for a main carrier to Washington Avenue will be found narrated elsewhere in this chapter. The cost of that was $440,000.00. The city has authorized another bond issue for the extension of the present main carrier from Washington Avenue to Waterville. This will take the sewage out of the Naugatuck River from Waterville to Piatt's Mills and give the northwestern portion of the city effective sanitation. THE NAUGATUCK RIVER CONSERVATION PLANS For some years the manufacturing interests of the Xaugatuck Valley have felt the need of materially increasing the summer stream flow of the Naugatuck River. This need took its first practical shape fifteen years ago, when the Gen- eral Assembly was petitioned by Charles F. Brooker, the late John H. Whittemore of Naugatuck, the late Alton Farrell of Ansonia, and others, for the right to generate power along the Naugatuck Valley. This, of course, was a purely private project, but it served to call attention to the possibilities of conservation throughout the valley. The next step in this great project was a preliminary investigation covering the feasibility of a large water conservation plan in the valley. At the request of the Naugatuck Valley manufacturing interests, this was 38 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY undertaken by Charles H. Preston, consulting engineer. For four years he made his investigations concerning possible locations of dams, approximate quantities of water available for storage, and the extent to which the Naugatuck River would be improved by such development. The men back of the project acted with extreme care and wisdom in the matter, preferring to make no move until Mr. Preston had made the most elaborate and thorough tests possible. The four years' investigation took the shape of a great mass of figures and engineering data. The recommendations made by Mr. Preston were entirely favorable to the project. He advised the construction of a series of impounding reservoirs on three of the large tributary streams of the Naugatuck River. The first official meeting was held in Waterbury on April 13, 1914. At this gathering, the following corporations interested were represented : Charles F. Brooker, president, the American Brass Co., Waterbury; Lewis A. Piatt, president, Piatt Bros. & Co., Waterbury; W. H. Wooster, secretary, the Seymour Mfg. Co., Seymour; John A. Coe, Jr., vice president, The American Brass Co., Waterbury ; Charles Miller, president, The Randolph & Clowes Co., Waterbury ; John P. Elton, treasurer, The American Brass Co., Waterbury ; Thomas D. Bradstreet. general manager, Seth Thomas Clock Co., Thomaston ; George A. Driggs, president, The American Pin Co., Waterville ; Edward L. Frisbie, vice president, The American Brass Co.. Waterbury ; William E. Fulton, president, Waterbury Parrel Foundry & Machine Co., Waterbury. There was a general discussion on conserving water in the upper Naugatuck Valley, in which possible developments on four different streams were con- sidered, these streams having ample watersheds and resultant volume with the following names and locations : Hall Meadow Brook and Hart Brook, with sources in the southeasterly part of the Town of Norfolk, Litchfield County, running southerly through the Town of Goshen, into the Town of Torrington, and entering the Naugatuck River near Brandy PI ill, so-called. The East Branch of the Naugatuck River, with source in the southwesterly part of the Town of Colebrook, Litchfield County, running southerly through the Town of Winchester, entering the Naugatuck River at Torrington. Lead Mine Brook, with source in the southeasterly part of the Town of Tor- rington, Litchfield County, passing through the Towns of Harwinton and Plym- outh, entering the Naugatuck River at ''Two Mile Bridge," so-called, in the Town of Thomaston. Of the four brooks considered. Lead Mine Brook appeared the most favorable for developing into impounding or compensating reservoirs by reason of its many natural features, such as large holding basins, highway locations, real estate values, its twenty-four square miles of watershed, constant stream flow and solid ledge rock across the entire valley, assuring excellent conditions for foundations of masonry dams. At the meeting, the following committee was appointed "to investigate the feasibility of the scheme of developing impounding or compensating reservoirs on Lead Mine Brook, Harwinton: Lewis A. Piatt, chairman, president Piatt Bros. (S: Co.. Waterbury ; W. H. Wooster, secretary Seymour Mfg. Co.. Seymour; ( has. H. Preston, Jr., civil engineer, Waterbury. Several meetings followed, at which committee's and secretary's reports were made and finally the actual survey was begun September t. T914. This has been throughout in charge of Mr. Preston and has been in progress for three years. In this period the most careful rainfall and stream flow records have been taken and tables of averages have been computed. This work is to be continued WATERBURV AND THE XAIGATUCK VALLEY 39 for another two-year period, as it is considered essential that rive years of records be obtained as the basis for the design of the contemplated work. The engineers are fairly well agreed on the site of the proposed dams in the light of the data now available. The location of Xo. 1 dam would be approximately at the lower end of the valley, opposite, in an easterly direction, from "Two Mile Bridge," on land of the Plume and Atwood Mfg. Co. The location of Xo. 2 dam would be across the properties of T. E. Negus, The Plume and Atwood Mfg. Co., and the McBeth property, about two miles north of Xo. i dam. The location of Xo. 3 dam would be about three-quarters of a mile south of llarwinton Center on land of William McConway and others. The average annual precipitation for twenty-eight years, 1887 to 1915. in- clusive, recorded by the late X. J. Welton, taken at Waterbury. has been 48.64 inches. Some other precipitation records which are most interesting to this Xaugatuck Valley project are those taken at Orford, X. H., on the Connecticut River, Gaylordsville, Conn., on the Housatonic River, Framingham, Mass., on the Sud- bury River, and Lake Cochituate, at Cochituate, Mass. The straight line distance from these different points where records have been taken to proposed Reservoir Xo. 2, Lead Mine Brook, are Orford, N. H., 175 miles : Gaylordsville, Conn., 25 miles : Framingham, Mass.. 100 miles, and Cochitu- ate. Mass.. no miles. Xo records are quoted for a shorter period than five years. At Orford. X. H., in a period of five years, 1901 to 1905, inclusive, the pre- cipitation averaged 36.76 inches, with a run-off amounting to 59 per cent of such precipitation. At Gaylordsville, Conn., in a period of five years, 1901 to 1905, inclusive, the precipitation averaged 47.86 inches, with a run-off amounting to 62 per cent of such precipitation. At Framingham. Mass., in a period of thirty-six years, 1875 to I 9 II < tne P re " cipitation averaged 45.13 inches, with a run-off amounting to 47.2 per cent of such precipitation. At Cochituate, Mass., in a period of forty-six years, 1865 to 191 1, inclusive, the precipitation averaged 45.83 inches, with a run-off amounting to 42.6 per cent of such precipitation. The average precipitation and percentage of same in run-off of the four above described points is as follows : Precipitation, 43.89 inches. Percentage of precipitation in run-off, 52.7. The only actual construction work done on the project so far has been a series of core borings taken on the center line of proposed Dam Xo. 2. These show a favorable formation of rock and were entirely satisfactory from an engi- neering point of view. The engineers expect that work on Dam No. 2 will begin at the end of the live-year period of taking precipitation and stream flow records. This, of course. depends largely on the amount of water it will be found is available. The project, when completed, will cost several million dollars, but it will have an enormous influence on the industrial development of the valley, giving con- tinuous and greatly increased water power, and incidentally flushing the Xauga- tuck River to a sanitary condition throughout the year. By the development of Dam Xo. 2. with its drainage area of 14.060 acres, or 40 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY twenty-two square miles, it will be possible, with a spillway at elevation 610, to impound 3,413,917,000 gallons. This huge reservoir would cover 316 acres, contain 10,477 acre ieet > would cost with a cyclopean masonry dam $914,600, on the basis of $87.29 per acre foot. The length of the dam across its crest from east to west side of valley would be 1,300 feet, with a maximum height of 142 feet above bed of stream. This will set back a pond of nearly 2.y 2 miles in length, from 500 to 1,800 feet in width and varying in depth from 35 to 142 feet. While this may appear rather a bold undertaking in the matter of dam con- struction, there is apparently no feature against such a structure, it has numerous natural facilities to favor its development, such as ledge foundation across the entire valley, plenty of good quality stone for use in the cyclopean construction, sufficient water to fill four times during each year, and a small amount of new highway construction. THE WATEREURY-DERBY BARGE CANAL PROJECT The appropriation by Congress of $25,000 for surveys and investigations into the cost of a proposed barge canal from Waterbury to tidewater at Derby is the first step toward Federal aid in a great project for the further industrial develop- ment of this city. The agitation for this canal has been quietly growing for years, but its recog- nition by Congress, as worthy of preliminary survey work marks the first great step toward realization. In 1894, the men behind the project were satisfied with a proposed fifty-foot canal. Today the Government is considering a seventy- foot canal. Engineers have in a general way estimated its cost at from $25,000,000 to $30,000,000. As outlined by Engineer Charles H. Preston, the several heights above tide- water at Derby Junction and the different towns and cities along the route to Waterbury are approximately as follows : Ansonia is twenty-five feet above tidewater. Seymour is ninety feet above tidewater. Beacon Falls is 120 feet above tidewater. High Rock Grove is 140 feet above tidewater. Naugatuck is 180 feet above tidewater. Union City is 200 feet above tidewater. Flats, rear of Waterbury freight yard, 262 feet above tide- water. Brown's Meadows, Waterbury, are 271 feet above tidewater. Ansonia is twenty-five feet higher than Derby Junction, Seymour is sixty-five feet higher than Ansonia, Beacon Falls is thirty feet higher than Seymour, Naugatuck is sixty feet higher than Beacon Falls, Union City is twenty feet higher than Nauga- tuck, and Waterbury is sixty-two feet higher than Union City. The distances along the proposed line of barge canal between Derby Junction and Waterbury are as follows : Derby Junction to Waterbury is 18.50 miles, Derby Junction to Ansonia is 2.13 miles, Ansonia to Seymour, 3.84 miles; Sey- mour to Beacon Falls, 8.48 miles ; Beacon Falls to Naugatuck, 4 miles ; Naugatuck to Union City, .072 mile ; Union City to Waterbury, 4.33 miles. Other distances would be as follows : Derby Junction to Seymour, 5.97 miles ; Derby Junction to Beacon Falls, 9.45 miles; Derby Junction to Naugatuck, 13.45 miles; Derby Junction to Union City, 14.17 miles. Distances toward the south would be: Waterbury to Union City, 4.33 miles; Waterbury to Naugatuck, 5.05 miles; Waterbury to Beacon Falls, 9.05 miles ; Waterbury to Seymour, 12.53 rniles ; Waterbury to Ansonia, 16.37 miles; Waterbury to Derby Junction, 18.50 miles. By the installation of eleven locks, varying in height from twenty-one to WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 41 thirty feet, which are considered feasible in canal construction and operation at present, barges containing freight could be delivered through to Waterbury from tidewater or to any other town along the line of canal. Mr. Preston ably summarizes the advantages to be obtained from the con- struction of a canal, and the following is a quotation from one of his articles on i he subject : "That a barge canal between Waterbury and tidewater would be a decided asset to the state can be appreciated, when it is shown that about three-quarers of the entire area of the state is within twenty-five miles of some part of the canal and may, therefore, be reached by motor truck over trunk line highways, con- structed and maintained on a par with any in New England. The areas covered by New Haven, Hartford, Bridgeport, Waterbury and intermediate sections, the four largest cities of Connecticut, and representing about 70 per cent of state industries, 75 per cent of state population, are within thirty miles of our proposed project. "Many admirable factory sites would be created by the construction of a canal and hundreds of acres of land now lying dormant would be open for full develop- ment. "Critics of our proposed canal project have brought forth the claim that to operate a canal of 18.5 miles length, with a difference in elevation of 262 feet or 14.16 feet to the mile, is not practical. In rebuttal of this statement, I will say that in the New York State barge canal, a model of the very latest design in canal construction, with a developing cost upwards of one hundred and fifty million dollars, is operating between Waterford and Crescent what is termed "The Waterford Flight," an assembled group of three locks, all within a mile's dis- tance, with a total lift of 103.5 Ieet - "This is as much grade in a mile as our proposed project would average in seven miles. "I claim the proposed barge canal between Waterbury and tidewater at Derby worthy a thorough investigation, from the following points of view : "1. Industrial conditions in our Naugatuck Valley demand this canal in addi- tion to the New Haven Railroad. "2. With a possibility of the sewage problem of the valley being solved, from this viewpoint alone, I claim the project worthy an investigation. "3. With operating expenses about one-seventh the amount of those of steam railroads, it is conclusive that this barge canal would be the popular carrier. "4. Prosperity's growth has been such that the railroads have been unable to keep astride and transportation facilities at present are 100 per cent deficient. "5. Naugatuck River has a drainage area of 326 square miles and the annual precipitation for a long term of years is 48.8 inches, which virtually means there are annually passing down through our valley 107,000,000,000 gallons at Water- bury, 129,000,000,000 gallons at Naugatuck, 157,000,000,000 gallons at Seymour, 164,000,000,000 gallons at Ansonia, and 166,000,000,000 gallons at Derby, an overabundant amount, in my opinion, if properly conserved, to place the practi- cability of our proposed barge canal beyond the question of doubt. "6. Waterbury has grown nearly double during the past decade, will continue to do so in the future, and in order to cope with transportation facilities we must provide an outlet by water such as are now had by New Haven. Hartford and Bridgeport." CHAPTER IV PUBLIC BUILDINGS OLD CITY HALL AND ITS AUDITORIUM MAYOR ELTON REMODELS BUILDING ITS DE- STRUCTION BY FIRE NEW BUILDING PROJECTED BONDS VOTED AND COMPETI- TION ENDS IN SELECTION OF CASS GILBERT AS ARCHITECT DESCRIPTION COST THE DEDICATION EXERCISES IN "OLD HOME" WEEK SALE OF THE OLD CITY HALL PROPERTY THE WATERBURY COURTHOUSE DESCRIPTION THE AGITATION FOR A FEDERAL BUILDING HOW ITS SITE WAS SELECTED CONSTRUCTION DESCRIP- TION. For fourteen years after its incorporation as a city, Waterbury's municipal meetings were held in Gothic Hall, on what is now Phoenix Avenue. The town and the city voted in 1867 to issue bonds for erecting a city hall on West Main Street, and this building served for thirty-five years when it was destroyed by an incendiary fire. When it was planned, the city lacked not only proper accommodations for city offices and courts, but with the increasing population there was no hall large enough for the public gatherings and entertainments. Consequently the second floor was made a large auditorium with stage, in which "Uncle Tom's Cabin" alternated dates with "Hamlet." Political rallies, caucuses and fairs were held there in season, the chairs were cleared away for dances, and its use as a public hall even lasted long enough for moving pictures to be shown there. This was not primarily an amusement enterprise. Admission was by invitation for the purpose of demonstrating to possible purchasers of stock a device by which the moving picture machine and the phonograph could be synchronized. Those who attended heard grand opera stars sing the sextette from Lucia while they witnessed the actions of the singers as shown in moving pictures, while Harry Lauder marched grandly across the screen in exact time to the accompaniment of one of his songs reproduced on the phonograph. It was apparently convincing, and on the strength of it, some of the stock was sold here, but the enterprise never succeeded com- mercially. This was one of the last occasions on which the hall was used for entertainment purposes and was in the autumn of 1910. The opening of theaters and newer halls easier of access had led to a falling off of the demand for the use of the City Hall Auditorium. As early as 1904 the receipts from rentals had fallen so low that the auditorium was regarded by those in charge of it as waste space. In addition the city departments on the main floor were badly cramped for room. The aldermen met in a chamber which had room for desks for members of the board and for a dozen spectators to sit or a score to stand. The town clerk's records were kept in a vault barely large enough for storing the books and with no accommodations for searchers. Mayor Elton secured from the General Assembly in 1905 authority to issue bonds for $75,000 to enlarge and remodel the city hall, but it was found that the building which was planned could not be secured within the appropriation and the project was dropped. Some interior changes were made in the police station and the city hall. Towards the end of Mayor Hotchkiss' administration the project 42 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 4:j was agitated again. After some evidence of division of opinion among the public, it was decided to spend $40,000 in making changes. The auditorium was converted into an aldermanic chamber and police drill hall, larger quarters were provided for the city clerk and city comptroller, expensive modern vaults and tiling devices were installed for the town clerk's records and a portion of the basement was set apart for a public comfort station. Contracts were let late in 191 1 and the com- pletion of the work lapped over into .Mayor Reeves' administration. The remodeling was just about completed, although some portions of it had not yet been utilized, when a tire, originating among some paint pots and builders' rubbish, not vet removed from the cellar, destroyed the building on the night of April _'_'. M)i_'. That was a wild night for Waterbury. Half a dozen small tires broke out and there were thirteen alarms in all, the horses that drew the apparatus were exhausted with the task of dashing from one part of the city to the other, and the militia was called out to help the police watch the business district. Investigation next day showed that a number of fires had been started by an incendiary. Mayor Reeves called a special meeting of the aldermen next morning to pass resolutions offering a reward for the arrest and conviction of the firebug, providing for new automobile fire apparatus and the appointment of a commission to build a new City Hall. Eventuallv, the origin of the fire was traced. Bernard C. Murray, son of a former fire official of Hartford, was arrested in Massachusetts for a trivial larceny in connection with a mysterious fire. Suspicion had been aroused in several quar- ters by his movements. He was charged with starting the fires which burned the Wilson House in Xorth Adams and a sanitarium and several other buildings in Berkshire County, Massachusetts. He finally confessed having started the fires in Waterburv, giving an account of his movements here, after being positively identi- fied by Mrs. Minnie R. Russell, who had met him face to face in a hallway in the Chelsea rooming house on West Main Street, near the city hall, just after he had started a blaze in a closet. She claimed the promised reward but the aldermen decided not to pay it on the ground that Murray had not been arrested and con- victed of the crime. This, however, was because the Massachusetts authorities had equally good evidence against him, but declaring him insane, had committed him to an asylum, from which he was released rather mysteriously within a year, as cured. The Waterbury American, indignant at the refusal to pay the city's reward to Mrs. Russell, raised a fund of several hundred dollars by public subscription and paid it over to her. Mrs. Russell's husband is in the employ of Price & Lee of New Haven, publishers of the Waterbury City Directory. The city hall fire left untouched the three adjoining buildings, the old police -tation, the three-story brick building at Leavenworth Street and Harrison Avenue, used as a fire headquarters and first occupied on December 24, 1807, and the City Hall Annex, having the old Bronson Library Building as its nucleus and accommo- dating numerous city offices. The city hall proper, however, was non-tenable, excepting that the town clerk's office in the northeast corner was only slightly damaged. Town Clerk Robert Palmer, refusing to be separated from his newly acquired vaults, hired carpenters, made repairs and retained the use of the office until transferred to the present quarters in the city hall. The offices of the mayor, city clerk and city comptroller were removed to quarters in the Lillev Building on West Main Street, where most of the city's meetings were held. \ store on Center Street was rented for the use of the city court. 44 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY ERECTION OF THE NEW CITY HALL The destruction of the old city hall necessitated immediate action for the proper housing of the city departments and for the safety of future public records. Judge Francis T. Reeves, who was mayor at the time, appointed a committee of ten to handle the situation. This committee effected little. The sentiment was divided between rebuilding on the old site and selecting a new site for a new city hall. Several were sug- gested — the Green, the Merriman property, which was then found to be not for sale, and the present site among the others. The old site had its champions, and those favoring a new site were divided between several locations. For some time the local papers were flooded with communications from interested citizens in which the question was discussed at length. The aldermen refused to come to a decision and ordered a referendum election, but this was inconclusive. Another referendum found a bare majority voting in favor of the present site. Meanwhile, the board of aldermen sanctioned the appointment of a city hall commission, which body was to transact all business in connection with the construction of the new municipal building. The original membership of the commission was as follows: Mayor Francis T. Reeves, chairman; Patrick F. Bannon, George A. Driggs, John P. Elton, Daniel T. Farrington, alderman ; John F. Garron, Edward O. Goss, Raymond G. Hutchinson, alderman ; John Hurley, alderman ; Fred A. Jackie, alderman ; William J. Walsh, alderman. The resignation of Mr. Hutchinson in March, 1914, left a vacancy to which Charles A. Colley, president of the chamber of commerce, was subsequently appointed, and when death claimed John F. Garron, Alderman Mortimer Doran was chosen to fill the vacancy. The first meeting of the commission was held August 1, 1912. In January, 1914, Mayor Martin Scully succeeded Francis T. Reeves as city executive, and automatically became head of the commission. One of the first acts of the commission, following negotiations for the transfer of title to the city government of the property on which the present building stands, was to hold a competition conducted by Prof. Warren Powers Laird, of the University of Pennsylvania, to select an architect to design and supervise the construction of the new city hall. The plans of Cass Gilbert, of New York, were selected. On July 8, 1914, the Geo. A. Fuller Construction Company of New York signed the contract to construct the building, and in the early part of August, 1914, ground was broken. The appointment of two supervisors, Charles M. Gasson for the construction company, and Frederick C. Peckwell, for the city's interests, occurred shortly after. The building was officially opened during "Old Home Week," November 25, 26 and 27, 1915, although many of the departments did not occupy it until January, 19 16. The city hall is situated on Grand Street, adjoining Library Park, and com- manding an approach to the center of the city through Leavenworth Street. The entourage which fronts the length of the building on Grand Street is its show feature. Standing within a low rounded marble coping, which surrounds it on all sides and separates it from the broad encircling sidewalk, it is laid out in a formal Colonial style which harmonizes with the delicate red and white ornamenta- tion of the fagade. At the edge of the sidewalk at regular intervals are placed five decorative, 18-foot, bronze lamp standards. The approach to the entourage is by white marble steps, flanked on either side by smaller auxiliary stairways, also of white marble, which lead to the main section, containing the decorative features. The fountain is centered in a small court, the pavement of which is of red brick THE XEW CITY HALL. WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 45 inset with white marble bands enclosing a large circular slab. At the main entrance are two decorative vases or urns of white marble, several feet in height, from the base of each of which, through the mouth of a carved satyr, jets a stream of water flanking the central fountain. The building, which is of Colonial design, is built around a rectangular court, laid out as a sunken Italian garden. It is not only the office building of the city and town officers, and the home of the probate and city courts, but also the head- quarters of the lire department and the police department. The east wing is devoted to the tire department and the west wing is devoted to the police depart- ment. The main portion is three stories high, with a roof and a cupola tower, with a 4-dia] clock, gilded dome and weather vane. The other three sections are but two stories high. Its exterior is of Vermont marble and North Haven brick, marble blocks com- prising most of the walls of the first story and marble pillars running to the roof between the windows of the main portion of the building. At the east and west ends, on marble slabs set into the walls, are appropriate inscriptions and on ten circular marble slabs set into the walls of the third story are ten different designs, in bas relief, significant of the city's industries and character. A marble fence surrounds the roof of the main building. The collector, assessors, probate court, board of charities, town clerk, and city clerk, have offices and vaults on the main floor. The basement provides janitors' rooms and storage rooms, heating plant, a store for the board of charities, labora- tory and nurses' rooms for the board of health, testing rooms and storage rooms for the engineering department, and rooms for the sealer of weights and measures. ( >n the second floor are the offices of the mayor, the personal tax collector, the board of public works, city court judge, a jury room, lawyers' room, juvenile court room, city court clerk's and prosecuting attorney's offices. At the Field Street end of the building, on the second floor, is the aldermanic chamber, which occupies both the second and third floors, and at the west end of the building is the city court room, also extending through to the third floor. On the top floor are the drafting rooms and offices of the city engineer's depart- ment, probation officer's room and offices for the corporation counsel, health officer and inspectors and board of health, registrars of voters, city sheriff, park superin- tendent, building inspector, and telephone exchange. In this portion of the building, the corridors are built with marble floors and the trimming is white wood, enameled to an ivory finish. Throughout the rest of the building, the floors are terrazzo and the woodwork oak. On the Field Street side is the fire headquarters with the apparatus room, repair shop, firemen's waiting room and toilet rooms on the main floor. On the second floor are the offices of the board of public safety with offices and rooms also for the officers of the fire department and bed rooms for twenty-one firemen. There is a fine shower bath room and toilets for officers and men, linen closets, and a recreation room, some of these occupying the rear portion of the building. In the police wing of the building there is a large drill hall in the basement, locker rooms, sergeants' room, smoking room, storage rooms, toilets and shower bath. There is also a large room in which the homeless are provided with sleep- ing accommodations. On the first floor are the offices of the police department officials, a men's cell room with thirty cells and room for ten more, detention rooms and a police garage, the entrance to which is from the rear of the building. The second floor accom- modates the detective bureau with offices, a Iiertillon room, dark room, detention 46 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY room for women, a cell room with ten cells for women, matron's office, bed room, living room and kitchen. Directly facing the main street entrance is the 10-foot main inner staircase of white marble, which, ascending some twenty-six steps to a first landing, branches to either side, and winds up and back to the second floor. Leading to the right and left of the first floor central hall are two corridors all in white marble, and both with lofty ceilings in the same design as the main hall. On either side of these corridors are the first set of city offices. At the end of either corridor are the side entrances of the building, reached by sets of marble steps. The corridors are fourteen feet in width, with all of the office doors inset in arched alcoves which are duplicated at regular intervals along the wall of the corridors. The lighting for the main hall and corridors is furnished by ten large decorative bronze hanging fixtures, strung through the center of the corridors and grouped in the main hall. At the left of the staircase on entering is located the elevator. The corridors and ceilings are decorated in grayish ivory relieved by soft buff and violet in the coffers. All this decorating, as well as the special rooms, was done by Arthur Willetts, of New York. Featured in the artistic decoration of the building are the ten circular bas-relief inset medallions. Six are set in the front and two each in the Field Street anc 1 Library side of the structure. They symbolize Truth, Prudence, Industry, the City Seal, Commerce, Force, Law, Justice, Wisdom and Order. The aldermanic chamber is of noble proportions, with a lofty, elaborately deco- rated ceiling. The walls are of greenish gray plaster and rise from a white base. All carry inset Muted white columns. For illumination there is a massive hanging cluster of lights set in two concentric circles, the larger outer circle carrying twenty- seven lights in the form of imitation candles, and the inner circle carrying thirteen of the same variety. Over the president's seal are inscribed the words : "Let not mercy and truth forsake thee. Bind them about thy neck ; write them upon the tablet of thy heart, so thou shalt find favor and good understanding in the sight of God and man."-- Proverbs, III. The city court room, at the west end of the corridor, is finished in much the same style as the aldermanic chamber and is of the same generous proportions. It has the same massive pendant light cluster. The walls are treated in a grayish motif, relieved by decorated motifs in the frieze and panels. Over the judge's bench is inscribed: "The foundations of justice are that none shall be harmed and the commonweal be served." The interior decorations are beautiful. This work was done by Arthur Willetts, of New York. A large bell which was purchased by the City Hall Commission was intended to be installed on the roof of the city hall. The light and graceful clock tower on the building not being designed to carry the added weight, the architect was asked to furnish an estimate of cost for a bell tower. This would have been expensive and would probably have destroyed the harmony of the sky lines. It was offered to the board of education for use on a school and to the board of public safety for a fire bell, but was refused because there was no money available to add a bell tower to any existing building. There was a highly eligible location for it in the tower of the Union Station, although this was open to the seeming objection that the station was the property, not of the city, but of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. However, this was overlooked, the company was induced to consent to the installation of the bell there and it was raised in the summer of 1916. It remained in the control of the city to be rung on special occasions. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 47 The municipal flag which floats from the staff was officially adopted on October it, 1915. This is the approved design: "The City Seal in the center of the flag, and the motto, 'Quid Aere Perennius.' underneath the seal. The words, 'City of Waterbury' overhead the seal, and the figures '1853-1915' underneath the seal; the seal and lettering to be gold on a blue ground; size of flag, 18 feet." The following is the summary of the receipts and expenditures in connection with the purchase of the site, and the erection and equipment of the building. REALIZED From insurance on old building $ 62,476.47 From bond issue : Authorized sale of 10-year bonds issued December, 1913 100,000.00 Authorized sale of 40-year bonds issued June, 1914 400,000.00 Authorized sale of 40-year bonds issued June, 1915 400,000.00 Total $962,476.47 EXPENDED For purchase of original site $ 92,000.00 For purchase of addition from United Electric Light & Water Company 33,000.00 For purchase of addition from Piatt Brothers & Co 19,740.00 To Geo. A. Fuller Co. for construction 604.300.73 Expenses and fees, Cass Gilbert, architect 49,240.71 Expense of competition on plans 11,050.55 Bell 1 3-137-94 Gamewell Fire Alarm 19,712.43 Furniture, equipment, supplies, etc 85,303.30 $917,485.60 THE DEDICATION EXERCISES "OLD HOME WEEK'' At the suggestion of the Waterbury Chamber of Commerce, the board of alder- men in the summer of 1915 endorsed the idea of holding an "Old Home Week" as a means of properly dedicating the new city hall, but neither the aldermen nor the city hall commission could find any legal authority for voting the necessary funds. The city found it could spend $500 which went to pay expenses of the actual dedicatory exercises and the chamber of commerce undertook to provide for all other expenses and to manage the celebration. A general meeting of representa- tives of lodges and societies from all sections of the city was held at the Elks' Club and it was found that there was a real desire for an extensive celebration. It was so long since there had been any occasion for celebration that it was at first proposed to make the celebration last a week and bring the entire brigade of the Connecticut National Guard here for a military parade. This, however, proved to be impractical, but a very lively program was arranged for Thursday, Friday and Saturday, November 25th, 26th and 27th. On Friday morning the school children paraded, with an escort of Boy Scouts, from Croft School to Grand Street, where exercises were held in front of the city hall. Children from the South Main Street playground gave folk dances. The school children sang the "Old Home Week" song, "An Invitation," the words of which were written by Rev. John G. Davenport, D. 1). Afterwards the children paraded to Chase Park Bridge, where the Sled Haul Brook Tablet was dedicated. This was erected by the Mattatuck Historical Society and unveiled on this occasion 48 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY by Edwin S. Hunt, assisted by Miss Carolyn White Griggs and Master Roger Sherman Makepeace, the latter a direct descendant of Rev. John Southmayd and Rev. Mark Leavenworth. The historical interest of the occasion, which was further amplified by Rev. Joseph Anderson, D. D., in a characteristically thorough historical address, is sufficiently told for our purpose here by the inscription which reads as follows : "On the opposite side of the river and probably in the small hill about forty rods easterly, tradition says that the first settlers of Waterbury spent their first winter in a dugout or cave. Wood was obtained from this side and hauled on a sled across the frozen still water; hence, Sled-Haul and Sled Hall Brook, 1677-8." "Erected by the Mattatuck Historical Society, 1915." On Thursday evening came the dedication of the "Clock on The Green," the acceptance of the big flag pole on The Green by the city and a fireworks display on Grand Street opposite the city hall. The Elks arranged a special ritual for the clock dedication and the ceremony was in charge of Dr. J. W. Fruin. The pre- sentation address was by Charles A. Colley, speaking for the chamber of commerce, and the unveiling was by little Miss Jackson, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles A. Jackson, Mr. Jackson being the contractor for the monument. Mayor Scully and the late Rev. F. D. Buckley also spoke. The annual parade of the police and fire departments followed at 1 P. M. and at 2 P. M. came the dedication exercises at the city hall. Capt. Alfred F. Wolff presided, the opening prayer was by Reverend Doctor Anderson and the bene- diction by Rev. Luke Fitzsimons. The new municipal flag and the national emblem were raised on the Venetian flag poles in front of the building for the first time under the auspices of Wadhams Post, Sons of Veterans, Berlin. On Friday evening Governor Marcus A. Holcomb and his staff were the guests of honor at a ball given at Buckingham Hall. Prior to this a banquet had been given the visitors at The Elton by the chamber of commerce. It is estimated that 125,000 people saw the civic and military parade held Saturday afternoon, November 2"], 191 5. On the reviewing stand with the gov- ernor were the members of his staff, Mayor Scully of Waterbury, Mayor Rice of New Ffaven, Mayor Dutton of Bristol, and many local men of note. This was also the day for the formal opening of the new city hall for public inspection. In the parade were the Second Regiment, Connecticut National Guard, the First and Second Companies, Governor's Foot Guard, the Putnam Phalanx, the Connecticut Brigade, Uniformed Rank, Knights of Pythias, many civic societies and a score of floats. The line of march led over the new Freight Street Bridge, which was used on this day for the first time. Col. James Geddes was grand marshal. The total expenses of the celebration were approximately $7,500. This amount had been raised by public subscription and as there were revenues from sale of programs, grand stand seats and privileges amounting to over two thousand dol- lars, the celebration produced a surplus which was turned over to the chamber of commerce. SALE OF THE OLD CITY HALL PROPERTV In January, 191 7, the city sold the site of the old city hall building, including the ruins remaining from the disastrous fire of 1912, together with the building occupied by the police department, the three-story fire headquarters, and the old building, with its additions, which had housed the Bronson Library until it was re- moved to its present Grand Street site. The amount paid was $225,000, and the purchasers were James E. Russell, of Waterbury, and Edwin S. Dreyfus, of Boston. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 49 In March, the entire property was sold by Russell and Dreyfus to the George L. Lilley Company. This corporation, during the summer of 1917, sold the brick fire house to P. M. Devenis of Waterbury, who had the building moved to its present site on Kendrick Avenue, opposite the court house. The old city hall site has now been cleared of all debris, and the foundation of a new building, being erected by the George L. Lilley Company, is completed. The plans for this are by Wilfred E. Griggs, and provide for a business building to occupy a space of 145 feet on West Main and 175 feet on Leavenworth streets, the latter frontage along the lines of the widened street. The building is to be two stories high for 100 feet back of West Main Street, and one story high on the remaining lot. It is to be a plain brick structure, with eleven stores and fifty-five offices. THE WATERBURY COURT HOUSE From 1867 to [896 the city of Waterbury furnished a court room in the city hall to the superior court for New Haven County for its sessions in Water- bury. This was at the southeast corner of the building. The building of the police station in 1890 at the southeast corner of the city hall property shut out light and air to a great extent from the court, which was the principal room on the main floor of the building. Anderson's History records that there was severe criticism of the location of the police building which gave superior court judges an excuse for frequently adjourning the terms of the W'aterbury Superior Court to New Haven. Doctor Anderson also records that "there are now both civil and criminal terms of the superior court by law established and nominally held in Waterbury, though frequently adjourned to New Haven." This proving inconvenient, the County of New Haven erected a court house at Leavenworth Street and Kendrick Avenue, fronting on the former street. It was opened in December, 1896, and cost the county $91,000. On February 24, 1905, the county commissioners celebrated the burning up of sixty-one of the 4 per cent, gold coin, $1,000 bonds issued by the county to pay for the new building. This extinguished the county debt for the time being. The county soon got into debt again, for the need of a new and a larger court house had become evident in 1906, and it was in that year that an effort was made to secure an appropriation for a new building, or for the reconstruction of the old building. Simultaneously a new court house project started in New Haven result- ing in the monumental marble structure erected there at a cost of one million dollars. The two buildings were authorized at the same county caucus. In 1908, the tentative plans for the complete reconstruction of the Waterbury building were submitted to the county commissioners, and the first appropriation had been secured. On March 7, 1910, the courts were moved to one of the floors in the Odd Fellows Building and were compelled to make these cramped quarters serve until August 1, 191 1, when the new building was occupied. The first session of the superior court was held in the new building by Judge Lucien F. Burpee on September 12, 1911. Rev. John N. Lewis, rector of St. John's Church, delivered the opening prayer. When the building was completed, the cost was found to be $164,412.05. This did not include the interior furnishings for which another heavy appropriation was made. The building was constructed about the old court house, the entire exterior being new. The old court house was two stories in height. The new one has three stories. Two wings were added, thus giving ample room for the court work. The Leavenworth Street facade was torn down and the building enlarged, a new entrance being made on Kendrick Avenue. Vol. 1—4 50 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The exterior is built in the Italian Renaissance, the four massive Ionic columns giving- it a decidedly classic appearance. The outside is terra cotta for the orna- mental work, granite for underpinning, and red tapestry brick. There are three high and commodious court rooms, each with judges' chambers and comfortable jury rooms attached. The interior is furnished in ash. The offices for the clerks of the court are especially adapted for the easy filing and safekeeping of records. The probate court occupied a smaller court room until 1916, but was then removed to the city hall and that room is being fitted up as an office for the county commissioners. Some of the rooms have been used recently for meetings of the draft exemption boards. waterbury's federal building Doctor Anderson's History left the United States Postoffice in the E. R. Lamp- son Building on the present site of the Manufacturers National Bank Building, but on October 15, 1895, the Odd Fellows Building was dedicated and quarters were prepared in it which were to house the postoffice for a few years. The change from Bank Street, where the mails had been handled since 1870, was made as soon as the old lease expired on July 11, 1900. Waterbury had agitated long and contentiously for a postoffice In 1900 it had again outgrown its quarters and Congressman Nehemiah D. Sperry was working to have the city placed on the list for an appropriation, which was how- ever by no means adequate. The site was to cost no more than $40,000, and the building with all appurtenances was to be kept within the $150,000 appropriation. No action was taken, however, until 1902, when on the strength of sympathy for Waterbury's loss by the big fire, Mr. Sperry had the matter rushed through. In the summer of 1902 an inspector of the United States Treasury Department came to Waterbury to look over the available sites. Within a week he had been tendered eight different properties, but made it clear to the business men that his choice lay between the property at West Main Street and Holmes Avenue, on which the Waterbury Club is now building and the present site. The men interested in the development of Grand Street got together and found that the properties really wanted by the Government would mean a 158-foot front on Grand Street, and were known as the Blake, Dykman and Peck proper- ties, for which approximately $58,000 was asked. This was divided as follows: $25,000 for the Blake property, $15,000 for the Dykman holdings, and $18,000 for the Peck property. The sum of $18,000 was raised within a few hours through the efforts of Thomas D. Barlow, George E. Boyd and George L. White. The net amount contributed was $14,000, as the Boys' Club site was set off and netted the con- tributors a return of $4,000. The following contributed : The Waterbury National Bank, The A. S. Chase Co., The American Printing Co., D. T. Hart, D. E. Fitzpatrick, Charles O'Connor, Margaret D. Atkins, George E. Judd, W. H. Camp, The Reid & Hughes Dry Goods Co., E. B. Bowditch, H. S. Chase, J. H. Whittemore, George L. White, Harriet W. Harrison, John W. Gaff- ney, Elisha Leavenworth, Lewis Beardsley, D. H. Tierney, New England Engineer- ing Co., and The Barlow Brothers Co. On January 14, 1903, land was officially deeded to the Government by George E. Boyd for $40,000. Work was begun in the spring from plans of Supervising Architect Taylor of the Treasury Department, which provided for a building much on the style of other public structures in the country. The front is of limestone and red brick. I'( )STOFFICK. WATERRURY THE C01 RTHOUSE, \\ ATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 51 with ornamental half pillars on each side of the entrance. The interior finish is of stucco and wood. On February i_\ [905, the postoffice was moved into its new quarters without ceremony of any kind. In 1884 there were four carriers of whom two are still in the service, John J. Kunkel, Carrier No. 3. and Charles Hotchkiss, Carrier No. 1. John W. Hill will on January 1. (918, celebrate his fiftieth year in the service. He has heen post- master, general clerk, money order clerk, and is now employed in the money order division. In 1893 the force consisted of eight clerks, ten carriers and one substitute carrier. In 191 7 there are forty-seven regular carriers, and three extras, making fifty in all. There are forty-three clerks in all departments. There are four star routes connected with the local postoffice. One of these is a night Xew Haven service ; another gives four daily deliveries and returns from North Woodhury ; another four daily deliveries and returns from Watertown, and a fourth gives one daily delivery and return from Torrington. There are four rural routes out of the Waterhury postoffice. The Waterville postoffice is an independent station, with George H. Ford as superintendent. There are in addition to this nine sub-stations. The parcels post started in 1914 with one team used for part of a day. In 1917 the service consists of one auto truck and three teams. The screen wagon service for registered mail consists of two first-class auto trucks. In 191 7 the demands for more room resulted in an appropriation of approxi- mately $6,000, to cover changes upstairs and on the main floor. The upper floor now houses the money order ana registry divisions, with new offices for the post- master. About 800 square feet of space has heen added to the working quarters. The growth of the postoffice has kept pace with the growth of the city. Post- office receipts for 1893 were $56,047; for 1901, were $80,180.64; for 1910, $162,- 287.60; for 1916, $232,120.90; for nine months of 1917, $175,077.90. The postmasters since 1893 have been: 1894, Col. John B. Doherty ; 1894 to 1898, Daniel E. Fitzpatrick; 1898 to 1906, T. H. Guernsey; 1906 to 1915, James IT. Pilling: 1915, E. M. O'Brien. John T. Boylan was assistant postmaster for all of these appointees from 1894, succeeding Daniel E. Fitzpatrick in that year, until the date of his death, January 1, 1916. James T. Kelley is now assistant postmaster. The postal savings department started here as elsewhere in 191 1 and has been very successful. There are at present, November 1, 1917, 1,460 operating accounts with total deposits of $388,221. This shows almost a record percentage of growth for the United States. The figures for the six years are as follows : October 31, 1911 $ 1,117 October 31, 1912 9> 6l 7 October 31, 1913 l 4A7 2 October 31, 1914 i9>93 8 October 31, 1915 4 6 ,599 October 31, 1916 199-740 October 31, 1917 388,221 In May, 189T, the letter carriers working out of the Waterhury office formed an organization, which is still active. Its officers in 191 7 are: President, William McLean: recording secretary. A. W. Nichols; financial secretary. J. J. Scadden ; treasurer, George A. Stevens. CHAPTER V PARKS AND CEMETERIES FIRST MAP OF HAMILTON PARK — ENLARGING THE CITY'S HOLDINGS — LANDSCAPE WORK — DRAINAGE FOR PONDS — ANNUAL TAX PROVIDES FOR PARK IMPROVEMENTS CHASE PARK CREATED SWIMMING POOL A BIG SUCCESS ATHLETIC FIELD EQUIPPED PLAYGROUNDS BOUGHT FOR DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF CITY THE MU- NICIPAL FIELD DAYS — THE LATER HISTORY OF THE GREEN THE CLOCK AND THE FLAGSTAFF THE FRANKLIN STATUE THE CITY'S CEMETERIES. The park system of Waterbury is the growth of the past twenty years. Aside from The Green, there were no public breathing spots or playgrounds two decades ago. Hamilton Park had just been given to the city by Mrs. David B. Hamilton in memory of her husband, and its improvement was a slow matter. The city officials could not see the importance of getting the full benefit of this beautiful spot at once. It was due largely to the constant urging and to the planning and work of City Engineer Robert Cairns that the first real steps toward park devel- opment were taken. The first map of Hamilton Park was made by City Engineer Cairns in 1900. He then announced that the completion of a contour map in 1901 would make possible the systematic improvement of the park. The first work along this gen- eral line in kjoi was the laying out of the old Plank Road and the "Brass Mill" Road, which bounded Hamilton Park on two sides. In 1902 the first notable improvement was made in Hamilton Park, the two parcels of land forming the triangle at the juncture of East Main Street and the I 'lank Road having been purchased to give the park a better entrance on East Main Street. In 1902, also, the survey of South or Windermere Park was made, so that the way was now clear for the actual work of transforming the park area into a garden spot. In 1903, at the suggestion of City Engineer Cairns, Landscape Archi- tect George Pentecost, of New York, prepared the first formal plan for the future development of the park. Mr. Cairns in this year took the first step to create the present lake ponds, which were then little better than mud holes. He began with the help of the street department to clear both of mud, arranged to fill the bottoms with gravel, and to construct a long and deep drain from Silver Street through the park to the ponds, thus enabling him in 1904 to regulate the water level. The grad- ing of two-thirds of a mile along the main drive gave the people an opportunity for the first time to get a view of the interior of this beautiful stretch of ground. In 1904 the expenditure of the $5,000 appropriation under the direction of the city engineer was devoted to the rougher work, leaving the finer work for a later period. Especial attention was given to the widening of the main drive and getting its surface smooth and hard. The slopes along the driveway were covered with loam and seeded. A number of foot paths were laid out and roughly graded, care being taken to avoid too heavy cutting or running into valuable trees or shrubbery. These considerations compelled some variations from the exact locations shown on the plans of the park, but in general this was strictly followed. The total 52 GREEN, WITH ST. JOHNS CHURCH AND SOLDIERS' MONUMENT. WATERBURY VIEW OF WEST MAIN STREET, LOOKING NORTH, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 53 length of driveway in the park at the end of K)04 was 3,254 lineal feet, and the length of paths was 6,830 feet. On the path along the top of the ridge parallel to the Plank Road a small rustic summer house was built with rustic seats. The old mill dam on Carrington Brook was repaired and made tight, and the small pond cleaned out and refilled with gravel. This made a shady little wading pond. The most expensive piece of work done in 1904 was the completion of the work of digging out the sink south of the Plank Road and north of the Tompkins property, and the completion of the connection with city water. There had always been a pond here, with a consider- able depth of soft, peaty mud at the bottom, and several children had in times past lost their lives there. It was now easy to arrange for an ornamental fountain in the center of the pond. The fountain in Stanley Park, done entirely by the city engineer's department, was completed in 1904. ( ieorge C. Walker took active charge as superintendent in 1905, having been appointed in the previous year. Some new paths were laid out and graded and the main drive was extended across Carrington Brook and given a new outlet at the Plank Road. A concrete steel arch bridge was built at the brook crossing and much pains was taken in the de'sign of the structure and in the arrangement of the various accessories to produce a pleasing effect. The small pond used for a skating rink during the winter was drawn down in the spring and the gravel refilling to a uniform depth of 30 inches was completed. A fountain was placed in the center and it was decided to try the experiment of using the pond as a swimming and wading pool. Only children under twelve years were admitted. A shelter was built for the boys and a room in a barn nearby was used by the girls for dressing. A man was always on duty at the pond to guard against accidents and to prevent boisterous conduct. During July and August the pool is used daily by several hundred children. The playground idea was made prominent in 1905. Besides the swimming and skating, swings were put up in the grove, and a ball field roughly laid out. By actual count on one Sunday this summer, nearly 3,000 people entered Hamilton Park. A special appropriation of $15,000 was made in 191 5 for the purchase of all of the land not already owned by the city in the block bounded by East Main Street, Plank Road, and the Brass Mill Road. The owners held out for $17,500, and the matter being brought to the attention of Miss Caroline A. Piatt, she generously offered to make up the difference. Her offer w r as accepted, and the land purchased and named Proprietors' Common, in memory of the original settlers of Waterbury. The city now held in one compact tract at this point about sixty-five acres of land, and the next step was the improvement of the Plank Road. In 1905 Mrs. A. S. Chase purchased the land adjoining the Naugatuck River and Riverside Street, between the hospital grounds and Riverside Cemetery, a tract beautifully situated and well-wooded, and presented it to the city to be used for park purposes as a memorial to her husband. Taken in connection with the hospital and cemetery grounds, it makes a continuous line of park for nearlv a mile. A charter amendment providing for an annual tax for park purposes of one quarter of a mill passed the General Assembly and became a law operative for 1906. Consequently there was available for 1907 about $10,750. Additions were made to the number of grass plots at street intersections, of which hereto- fore there were only Stanley Park, at East Main and Elm streets, one at North 54 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Main and Hill streets, and one at West Main Street and Highland Avenue. In 1906 a small one around the elm tree at Bank and Grand streets, and another at North Main and Cooke streets were created. These green oases in the midst of paved streets added greatly to the attractiveness of the city. The appropriation under the new tax brought about rapid improvements particularly at Hamilton Park. Boats were placed on the lake for the first time. Flower beds were laid out, trees were set out, and work was begun on the swim- ming pool and on the athletic field. At Chase Park the first permanent improvements were made in 1907. In 1907 the swimming pool at Hamilton Park was thrown open to the public and met with instant approval ; as did the playground opened in the spring of the year. The north end was this year given the playground at Locust and Wal- nut streets. It was found necessary in 1907 to add several thousand yards of loam to the soil of The Green before seeding. This made it a beautiful park for the summer. In 1908 the "Indian Basin" to the left as one enters Hamilton Park was changed from a marsh into a fine lake, many aquatic plants adorning its surface. Ladies' day was instituted at the swimming pool, and benches were generously placed about the park during this year. During 1908 the work of grading and turfing Library Park was begun, and 1909 saw the removal of the Hotchkiss Paper Company plant, the packing houses and residences, the result in every way justifying the improvements. In 1909 the appropriation from the special park tax amounted to $12,750. In Hamilton Park new paths were laid out, all buildings were painted and the children's playground was enlarged. In 1909 also new paths were constructed in Chase Park, seats were placed in all available spaces, and four band concerts were given during the summer months. The city in 1909 established its third playground, leasing a large plot of ground on Sylvan Avenue. The year 1909 is known as the elm-beetle year. The park department found it necessary to cut down forty trees, many of them the fine old trees planted on The Green from 1842 to 1845. Constant spraying, however, put an end to the trouble, and there was little of this nature to contend with in the following year. In 1910 the small zoo at Hamilton Park had grown in a year and contained two monkeys, four coons, one possum, one red-tail hawk, one large owl, one fox, ten grey squirrels, and twenty guinea pigs, almost all donations. During this year, the pool was used for hockey and polo and in the summer as many as 500 children patronized it in a day. The baseball diamond and the lawn tennis grounds were laid out this year. Elisha Leavenworth's gift of $3,500, on condition that the city appropriate a like sum for a bridge over Sled Haul Brook in Chase Park, hastened the work of improving this beauty spot. A new rustic dam, a new foot bridge and many new paths were laid. In this year the old Town Cemetery, which has not yet been improved, was added to Chase Park. In 191 1 the appropriation for parks had grown to $13,025. This year there were four playgrounds, one-half acre in Washington Avenue having been added to the list. In this year Miss Helen E. Chase gave the old Waterbury hospital buildings and grounds as an addition to Chase Park, in memory of her mother, Martha Starkweather Chase. One of the largest and most expensive improvements in the city's park system was the grading and loaming of the sand bank on Riverside Drive. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 55 1 luring 191 1 Euclid Avenue Park was graded, loamed and seeded. In 1912 a new rustic bridge was built over Carrington Brook in the main driveway in Hamilton Park. The zoo was also greatly enlarged, two swans being among the gifts. The athletic field was enlarged, one new double lawn tennis court and one basketball field were laid out. In 1913 Hamilton Park had become the great breathing place of the city. It was in this year that the entire population seemed to regard it as a playground. Thousands attended a very successful skating carnival, as well as two municipal athletic meets. Memorial Day exercises by the children proved an attractive feature. The lawn tennis tournaments, the baseball games, basketball games, all drew large crowds. These events have become permanent and have in the past year been more extensive than ever. In 19 1 3 a movement was begun to replace the elms destroyed on The Green in 1910. In all sixteen elms were planted, of which nine were donated to the city by George Tracy. Eight additional elms were planted in 1914. The Chase Park Recreation House was renovated throughout, furniture in- stalled, and a supervisor placed in charge. The opportunities for recreation include gymnastics, basketball, dancing, reading, sewing, etc. In 1916 the Goss family presented the city with eighteen acres at the east end of Hamilton Park, and this addition is now being improved. In 1917 the American Brass Company gave the city five acres adjoining Hamilton Park on the south. These gifts will in the near future, when the many improvements are completed, round out Hamilton Park. In November, 1917, through the agency of Lewis S. Reed, of the Manu- facturers National Bank, approximately a dozen small tracts, involving property on the east and west sides of Cooke Street, East Reid Street and adjoining thor- oughfares, was purchased and the announcement was made that these lands will probably be the gift to Waterbury of a public-spirited citizen. It is the purpose of the donor to create a new city park. The official valuation of the park property at the beginning of 1916 was S( 155,000. With the recent additions it is now well over the million mark. In this valuation The Green is placed at $510,000. THE LATER HISTORY OF THE GREEN The Green is a civic treasure which is so clear to our citizens that they are never able to agree what shall be done to it or with it. Nothing in Waterbury impresses the observant visitor as much as this beautiful central park and it is justly the pride of our citizens to maintain its fresh sightliness. When it was graded, fenced and planted with elm trees in 1842 the work was paid for by public subscription, J. M. L. and W. H. Scovill providing about half of the money. Seventy years afterwards when some of these trees died some of our citizens hastened to provide young trees to succeed them. From 1890 to 1910, when .the elm-leaf beetle committed its ravages hereabouts, the trees on The Green were at their finest, and the long rows of great elms presented vistas of great charm. It is no wonder that our people love The Green. This affection takes two forms, part of the population desiring to add orna- ments or encumbrances to The Green and the remainder being anxious to keep it free of everything but grass and trees. Mayor Kilduff must be placed in the latter class for in 1902 he summarily removed and banished to Hamilton Park the wooden band-stand which had stood for ten years, and which had had several predecessors. Mr. Kilduff pronounced it to be "the last relic of a jay town" 56 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY and forthwith the proper authorities saw that it went. While it stood there band concerts were held on The Green regularly during the summer in most years and as the population of the city grew, the attendance ran up into the thousands so that it was impossible for everybody to keep on the walks and the grass plots suffered. This is what led to the removal of the band-stand. The original suggestion for the Soldiers' Monument was made in an editorial in the Waterbury American on November 26, 1870, and was occasioned by the overthrow by the wind of a ship's mast which did duty as a liberty pole. It stood almost in the same location as the present steel flagstaff. The editor of the American expressed satisfaction at the removal of "the unsightly mast that had swayed in the wind so long" and expressed a hope that "some work of art — a monument or a fountain — which shall be a real ornament to The Green" would be erected in its stead. A series of articles followed, which eventually resulted in the erection, fourteen years later, of the monument. However, when its site was selected, the feeling that The Green should not be encumbered helped to determine its location at the west end of The Green instead of upon it and at the center. The only adornment (or encumbrance) placed upon The Green in the last twenty-five years is the handsome granite clock tower erected through the efforts of the Chamber of Commerce and the Waterbury Republican. This was dedicated on November 25, 191 5, in "Old Home Week." The clock was wholly the idea of Charles A. Colley, then president of the Chamber of Commerce, who had been talking up the project for more than a year. To arouse public interest he wrote a playlet produced at a benefit perform- ance at Fox's Theater, now The Strand, which netted $150, as a nucleus for the fund. The plan met with some opposition on the ground that no further monu- ments should be placed on The Green. To prove that his idea was popular, Mr. Colley went around asking likely prospects to subscribe a little, usually five dollars. When he got five $5.00 subscriptions in a day, he called it a day's work and quit. Thus the fund grew slowly but persistently until it approached $2,000. Then Mr. Colley electrified the community by announcing a gift of $2,500 from Truman S. Lewis to complete the clock fund. Violent thunderstorms ensued with efforts to prevent the erection of the clock, but Mr. Colley had already secured authorization from the city and having a good part of the public behind him defied opposition so that the work proceeded. On its completion its opponents found that the result was much more satisfactory than they anticipated though they still regret the loss of the flower bed which it had abolished. The 135-foot steel flag pole which was presented to the city during "Old Home Week," by George Tracy who collected the $600.00 necessary for this, met with no such opposition as Mr. Colley had encountered, some of the opponents of the clock subscribing to the fund to show that they did not object to a flag-staff on The Green. An American flag of the largest size regularly made, twenty by thirty feet, is hoisted on special occasions ; a smaller flag is for ordinary use. On. Christmas Day, 1916, the large flag was hoisted. A very high wind was blowing that afternoon and it was found later that the strain had sprung the top mast of the pole. Mr. Tracy had this section taken down and shipped back to the makers, John Simmons & Sons of New York, who generously replaced it with a much stronger top mast which was hoisted into place in the spring of 191 7. It is guaranteed to withstand the strongest wind. The late Elisha Leavenworth in his will left $15,000 for a monument of Benja- min Franklin which will be unveiled in 1918. The last article in his will was as follows : WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 57 "] further direct that said Executors (Edwin S. Hunt and John R. Clayton), immediately make to the City of Waterbury a formal offer to erect on the westerly end of the Public Square or 'Green' in said City, a statue to Benjamin Franklin, with such necessary surroundings, railings and pavement as to them, my Executors, shall seem wise and proper, and to expend for the purpose a sum not to exceed $15,000; I further direct that in the event that the authorized officers of the City of Waterbury shall not give such consent within one year after the receipt of such proposition, said Executors are directed to turn said amount into the residuary fund, and immediately and forthwith close up this estate." Mr. Leavenworth in his lifetime discussed this bequest with Edwin S. Hunt, one of his executors, and suggested that a committee of citizens have the selection of the statue in charge. With this in mind the following committee was appointed to select the sculptor and to arrange for the site and all details connected with the erection and unveil- ing : J. Hobart Bronson, chairman ; C. P. Goss ; Rev. Charles A. Dinsmore, D. D. ; J. Richard Smith; H. S. Chase; Otis Northrop; Mark L. Sperry; Miss Alice E. Kingsbury ; and Miss Florentine H. Hayden. This committee in 191 3 selected Paul Wayland Bartlett as the sculptor, a choice that was not alone governed by the fame that Mr. Bartlett's many noted works had brought him, but by the fact that he was a native of Waterbury, while his father, Truman Howe Bartlett, was himself a distinguished sculptor and did some 'prentice work here before he was able to study abroad. He himself had been named after a noted citizen of Waterbury. Paul Wayland Bartlett was born in 1865. He essayed sculpture as a boy, exhibiting at the age of fourteen in the Salon at Paris a bust of his grand- mother. In 1887 he won a medal at Paris with his famous "Bear Tamer," now in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. In 1900 at the Paris exposition, he represented the United States on the International Jury of Awards for Sculp- ture. In 1908 he was made an officer of the Legion of Honor, having been named a Chevalier in 1895. His principal works are: statue of General Joseph Warren, Boston; equestrian statue of Lafayette, in the square of the Louvre, Paris, the gift to France from the school children of the United States ; statues of Columbus and Michel Angelo, in Congressional Library, Washington ; a door for the tomb of Senator Clark in Woodlawn Cemetery; six statues on the front of the New York Public Library ; pediment over house wing of the Capitol, Washington. He is represented in all the leading museums and academies of design by either original work or replicas. Mr. Bartlett, whose studio was in Paris, as soon as terms had been agreed upon, prepared a small model, showing Benjamin Franklin as philosopher and diplomat, and this was exhibited in the rooms of the Mattatuck Historical Society. The local comment was favorable, although there were many who believed that Franklin should have been shown as a young man, but this was a matter which the committee left entirely to the artist, feeling that the statue was to an extent an inspiration, and it was not long until the consensus of opinion here favored the work the sculptor had shown. In the meantime, the war had broken out and the shipment to America of the large clay model from which the cast was to be made was prohibited, coming under the list of articles barred by the government from use of shipping. Mr. Bartlett then removed his studio to Washington and began work at once on an entirely new model, clinging, however, to the conception of the aged sage, but greatly changing and improving the plan of the work. It is now nearly ready for casting and he announces that it will be unveiled in 1918. 58 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The question of a site has been under consideration for over a year. By the will of Mr. Leavenworth the "westerly end of The Green" was specifically des- ignated. This was in view of the old Leavenworth homestead being on West Main Street, and thus there were considerations of a tender nature that inclined the members to carry out the bequest literally. But there has always been a feeling in Waterbury among those who have an eye for landscape work that The Green was not a suitable site for either clocks or statuary, but that it was designed to be a' beautiful grass plot with walks and flower beds, and old trees. It is quite certain that in time The Green will be practically surrounded by mercantile establishments. Furthermore, it is impossible to give a beautiful statue the proper setting in so small a park. The committee has therefore decided to place the statue in Library Park, where it will be part of what is even now considered the civic center of Waterbury. Another proposed addition to The Green which has aroused very mixed senti- ments is the erection of a public comfort station at the east end of The Green. This project took shape after the destruction of the old City Hall, which as re- modeled contained such an institution, though the fire forestalled its opening, and it was never used. After successive administrations had been under siege by both the opponents and advocates of the station for several years, an appropria- tion of $25,000 for the purpose was made in 19 17 but the high construction costs that prevailed in the succeeding year made it impossible to build it within the appropriation much to the delight of those who were threatening injunction pro- ceedings. The money remains in the city treasury awaiting further decision. The Welton Fountain, erected at the east end of The Green in 1888, by the Caroline J. Welton estate, was a kindly thought born of Miss Welton's life-long love of horses. But this, alas, is an age of gasoline! For many years there was a hackstand on North Main Street, south of the fountain, while humble transfer wagons, drawn by even humbler steeds, rested at the curb to the north while waiting for custom. Automobiles and auto-trucks have almost completely dis- placed the horse-drawn vehicles except for certain heavy freight duty and it is rarely now that a horse gets a drink from the Welton Fountain. Sentiment would prevent converting it into a gasoline filling station which would be more useful in these degenerate days. On this account, there was a movement in 19 17 to re- move the fountain to the west end of Library Park on the plaza of the Union Station where it would serve many hard-working beasts which are still traveling to and from the freight yards. At the end of the year the change seemed a prob- ability of the near future. waterbury's cemeteries Riverside Cemetery, which is the oldest of Waterbury's burial places, was founded in the year of the organization of the city and while its acreage was considerably enlarged before 1893, there have been no additions made since that time. Now, however, more room is needed and land is to be acquired at an early date. By the death of S. W. Hall, March 5, 1877, the association became the recipient of a bequest of $20,000, to be expended in the erection of a memorial chapel "for the use of funerals and for funeral services." This fund was allowed to accumulate until it amounted to $25,000, and the chapel was built in 1884 an d 1885 from designs prepared by R. W. Hill. The chapel was dedicated June n, 1885. Addresses were made by the Revs. Drs. Rowland and Anderson, and the dedicatory prayer was offered by the Rev. J. L. Peck. The other services were CLOCK OX THE (iKKEX. WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 59 conducted by other Protestant clergymen of the city and the hymns and anthems were sung by a chorus selected from the several church choirs. In 1893 the chapel was repaired and thoroughly renovated, and the spire entirely rebuilt at a cost of $5,000. The expense was assumed by J. S. Elton and Airs. C. X. Way- land, in accordance with the wishes of their mother, Mrs. Olive M. Elton. It was agreed, when the by-laws were adopted, that "all moneys accruing from sales of lots should be expended in the purchase and improvement of the ground." A price was affixed to the lots "so moderate as to be within reach of the humblest means," and it was hoped that this would ''afford a sufficient sum to secure adequate protection and attention for the grounds." But this expecta- tion has not been realized, and from the beginning the trustees have been dependent on the gifts of persons specially interested in the cemetery to carry on necessary work. For several years after it was opened, fairs were held in its behalf, and specific subscriptions of considerable sums have been received from time to time for special purposes. The association has received individual gifts for permanent investments amounting to over $20,000. A special charter was obtained in 1886. The total number of interments from the opening of the cemetery to the date of the annual meeting, in 1895. was 4,278. To November 1, 1917 there have been 7,799 interments in Riverside Cemetery since it was first opened. In 1895 James S. Elton was elected president and X. J. Welton secretary and treasurer. The trustees were as follows : J. R. Smith, N. D. Granniss, Elisha Leavenworth, E. L. Frisbie, J. S. Elton, F. J. Kingsbury, N. J. Welton. The present trustees are James S. Elton, Otis S. Northrop, F. W. Judson, G. C. Hill. J. Richard Smith, A. J. Smith, F. S. Chase. Its president is James S. Elton ; secretary, Fletcher W. Judson. The latter succeeded to the position of secretary, treasurer and superintendent on the death of Mr. Welton in 191 7. The custodian of the grounds is Henry M. Begnal, who succeeded his father on the death of the latter. st. Joseph's cemeteries, old and new. and calvary cemetery St. Joseph's cemeteries, both old and new, on Hamilton Avenue, have not been enlarged in the past twenty-five years. The old cemetery which contains about twenty acres was bought in 1837 by Father Hendricken and the new cemetery was bought in 1893 by Monsignor Slocum and consists of twenty-four acres, located at Hamilton Avenue and Pearl Lake Road. Calvary Cemetery on East Main Street on the Cheshire Road, comprises about sixty-seven acres. In 1885, the Rev. Wm. A. Harty purchased fifty-three acres, and the Rev. John A. Mulcahy, the remainder in August of 1891. It was con- secrated by the Rev. Michael Tierney on May 24th, 1894, the sermon on the occasion being preached by the Rev. James F. O'Donnell, of Watertown. The three cemeteries belong to the Immaculate Conception Parish, and the superintendent is the head of the parish, Rev. Father Fitzsimons, but they are for the use of the entire Catholic community. PINE GROVE CEMETERY Pine Grove Cemetery, which was established in the Mill Plain District in 1854 was greatly extended in April, 1898, by the purchase of ground extending through to the Southmayd Road making in all twenty acres of burial ground. It was incorporated in January. 1887. Its founders were : Milo Sacket, Leonard Warner. James Porter, Mark Warner, Edward Scott, Jesse J. Dooliltle, Levinus Warner, Leonard Hall, Charles Frost, Gaylord Alcott, Merrit Scott. 60 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The trustees of the association for the year 1917 are : Warren B. Hitchcock, Edson A. Hitchcock, Mark L. Warner, Theodore Munson, George C. Walker, Arthur E. Blewitt, Miss Fannie H. Porter. WATERVILLE CEMETERY The land embraced in the original Waterville Cemetery, which lies on the hill just east of the main road, has twice been extended in the past quarter century and now comprises several acres. It was originally laid out for sixty-four lots, on ground deeded by Daniel E. Sprague and Anson Downes. In 19 16, the ceme- tery, which had been enlarged by an additional acreage a decade before, made an arrangement with the Chase Metal Works by which its main street front was traded to that company for an adequate strip of land on the other side of the cemetery on Fort Hill Avenue. The present officers are : Fred Jackson, president ; Thomas Burton, secretary, and Horace Garrigus, director and in charge of the cemetery. FOUR JEWISH CEMETERIES There are now four Jewish cemeteries in Waterbury. The oldest of these belongs to what is known as the "Reform" Congregation, and is known as Melchi- zedek Cemetery on the Cheshire Road. This was bought in 1875. In the last decade the two O. B. O. lodges, Brass City and Gladstone, opened a joint burial place on the Wolcott Road. Later cemeteries were opened in the same district by the Waterbury Hebrew Benefit Association Xo. 1, and Waterbury Star Lodge, I. O. B. A. THE TOWN'S CEMETERY What was known as the Town's Cemetery, comprising three acres near River- side, which had been used for the burial of the poor for two decades, was closed in 191 1. The fence around it was removed and the acreage was added to Chase Park. It remains as it was in that year. Burials of the poor are now made in the various cemeteries of the city. CHAPTER VI SCHOOLS, LIBRARY AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY GROWTH IN SCHOOL POPULATION — TWO IMPORTANT CHANGES IN SCHOOL GOVERN- MENT — ITS NEW MODEL HIGH AND GRAMMAR SCHOOL STRUCTURES — OUTSIDE SCHOOL DISTRICTS INCLUDED EVENING SCHOOLS — MEDICAL INSPECTION — MAN- UAL TRAINING — PLAYGROUNDS — SALESMANSHIP SCHOOL CONTINUATION SCHOOL — VOCATIONAL SCHOOL— VALUE AND EXTENT OF SCHOOL PROPERTY — PRI- VATE AND PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS DAVID G. PORTER BEQUEST LIBRARY AND MA'l- TATUCK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. On September i, I QI7, the beginning of the present school year, there were enrolled in the public and private schools of Waterbury 22^053 pupils. Of these 16,833 attended the public schools and 6,120 the parochial and other private schools. The school census enumeration of children between the ages of four and sixteen was 26,419. This was a gain of 2,418 over the enumeration of the previous year, while the enrollment shows a gain of 1,890. The total number of children in the district in 1893, the beginning of the quarter century, was 8,475. The superintendent of schools, in his report for 1893, m ade the following general statement in regard to the schoolhouses of the Center District: "AH the buildings now in use, fourteen in number, have been erected within the last twenty-two years. They contain eighty-four school rooms, and some have recita- tion rooms in addition. They are substantially built, are in good repair, and afford ready egress in case of fire. Two of them, the Bank Street and the Clay Street buildings, are excellent in design and will compare favorably with any other school buildings in the state in the same grade." The annual report for the year ending Octqbej^i ^i894, s howe d that there were fifteen school buildings in use in the district. \The number ^LsHTool-rooms^TnTlSe-- was ninety-three, and the number of teachers, including assistants, was 120. The total number of boys registered during 1893 was 3,145, and of girls, 2,902, making a total of 6,047, — an increase of 375 over the previous year. This was exclusive of pupils in the evening schools. The total number registered in the evening schools, was 814. The average attendance at the evening schools declined from 495 in November, 1893, to 2 54 m February. 1894, and 114 in March. The number of pupils in attendance at the day schools during the spring term of 1895 was 5,289. The following table will serve to show not only how they were dis- posed of, but the number and the location, approximately, of the schools of the district in 1895. (Under "high school"' are included temporary accommodations in the Moriarty block.) k High School T ,I34 Last Main Street 197 Elm Street 490 Ridge Street 356 Clay Street 389 Hillside Avenue 118 Bank Street 651 Sperry Street 324 Bishop Street 432 Locust Street 383 Porter Street 315 Dublin Street 117 Washington 262 Westside 11 ill 141 61 62 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY During the winter term, 1893-94, the number of pupils in the high school proper was 191. Of this number, thirty-eight graduated and a few left the school to enter employment. The number of grammar school scholars who passed examination for admission was no, making the number at the summer term 252. These were packed into quarters originally designed for only 114. In several other rooms the condition reported was almost as bad, but in some of them at least temporary relief was obtained by additions to the buildings or the securing of rooms elsewhere to take care of the overflow. At the district meeting held May 9, 1895, it was voted to erect a new high school building at a cost of $100,000, and to enlarge the Bishop Street and Bank Street schools at an expense of $30,000 additional. The expenses of the district during the year 1894 were nearly $150,000, of which the largest items were, for Salaries $80,000 and new buildings, repairs, etc., about $16,000. Until 1899 the charter as amended in 1880 and 1895 governed in school matters, and the following excerpts from two sections of that document describe succinctly the methods by which the controlling power was elected and by which taxation for school purposes was levied. "Said Center School District shall annually, on the first Monday of October, choose by ballot a district committee consisting of five persons, a board of educa- tion consisting of seven persons, a treasurer, two auditors and a clerk ; no person shall hold more than one of said offices, and all of said officers shall be residents and legal voters of said Center School District. "Said district committee shall have the general care and management of the concerns of said district; enumerate and make return of the scholars at the time and in the manner provided by law for other school districts ; employ teachers approved by the board of education ; make a list of the polls and ratable estate of all the inhabitants in said district whenever it becomes necessary, for the purpose of taxation ; shall exercise control over the expenditures of all moneys belonging to said district ; make all contracts for furnishing of supplies, building and repairing of schoolhouses, and, with the concurrence of the board of education, abate such taxes as, in their judgment, ought to be abated." On June 20, 1899, the first notable change in the government of the schools was effected by act of the Legislature. By it, the boundaries of the city were fixed as those of the Center School District. The name Center School District was abolished. The law then ordains that "said new department of education shall be under the control of the board of education, consisting of the mayor, who shall be ex officio chairman, and seven members, who shall be elected bienni- ally at the meetings of said city for the election of officers ; and for this purpose separate ballots shall be provided in the several voting places in said city. The terms of office of said members shall begin on the first Monday of January next following their election, and the provisions of the charter of said city in relation to the powers and duties of city officers shall apply to said members." It further provided that the board of education "shall have the entire charge and direction of all the public schools of said district, and of the expenditure of all moneys appropriated for the support of the same." On the matter of taxation, it provided that "the treasurer of the city shall receive the amount of school money to which the district is entitled from the school moneys of the state, from the Town of Waterbury, from state appropria- tions for school purposes, from gifts, and from the tax laid within the district for school purposes, which moneys shall be subject to the order of the board of education under such rules and regulations as the board of finance may from time to time establish. The board of education shall submit to the board of THE DRIGGS SCHOOL, WATERBURY THK WEBSTER SCHOOL. WATKRBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 63 finance of the city, at the time fixed by law for the submission of the estimates of other departments of said city, a detailed estimate of its expenses for the next year for which the appropriations for city purposes are by law required to be made, specifying separately the sums needed for current and for special expenses, but no tax shall be laid upon any property lying outside of the present limits of the City of Waterbury and within the limits of said city as hereby established at a rate exceeding one-half of the rate of taxation upon property lying within the present limits of said city." This was at least a partial consolidation of school and city governments, but the amended charter of 1901 made complete consolidation depend upon the wishes of voters in the districts. For the purpose of giving a clear idea of what seems a complicated method of taxation, the two clauses of the amended charter are quoted quite fully : "Said City of Waterbury, on and after said date, shall be divided into two districts. The first district shall comprise all the territory of said city, and the second district shall comprise all the territory that lay within the limits of said city as the same existed on the first day of January, 1901, excepting that all that territory lying east of the City Mills Pond, so called, and Great Brook, and which, with other territory of the Bucks Hill School District, was annexed to the Center School District of Waterbury, by the General Assembly at its January session, 1899, is hereby restored to the said Bucks Hill School District and is made a por- tion of said first district. "All the inhabitants and property within the limits of the first district shall be liable to taxation to defray the burdens and expenses imposed upon said city by this act, to the same extent as they would have been liable if said burdens, ex- penses, duties and powers had not been transferred from said town to said city ; and in addition thereto for the expenses for the support of schools within that part of said first district lying outside the limits of said second district, to the same extent that the said town may now be liable, and for the expenditures by the Board of Health of said city (exclusive of the expenditures for the collection and removal of garbage), and police protection outside of said second district, and the expense of, less receipts from, criminal prosecutions, which expense shall be ascertained and determined by the comptroller; and all other burdens and expenses of said city, including the support and maintenance of schools within the limits of said second district, shall be met by taxation levied upon the inhabitants and property within the limits of the second district; and it shall be the duty of the assessors and Board of Relief of said city to indicate in the compilation of the grand list what is taxable by said city in each of the said districts ; and the public money derived from the taxation of the inhabitants and property of the second district exclusively shall not be expended for any purpose for which the money of said city could not lawfully be expended at the time of the passage of this act; pro- vided, however, that the property lying outside of the limits of the City of Water- bury, as established by the General Assembly of 1895, an ^ within the limits of the second district as established by this act, shall be taxed to meet its propor- tionate share for the support and maintenance of schools within said second dis- trict, but for all other burdens and expenses of the said second district it shall be taxed at a rate not exceeding one-half of that necessary to be levied upon the remaining property within said district in meeting snch burdens and expenses." It also provided that "the several school districts of the Town of Waterbury, outside of said second district, shall continue to remain as school districts with the same territorial limits, rights, powers, and obligations as now existing with the exception as set forth in section seven of this act (before quoted) and the 64 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY obligations now imposed upon the Town of Waterbury, with respect to the sup- port of schools outside of said second district, are hereby imposed upon said City of Waterbury and shall be an expense incurred by and chargeable to the first district hereinbefore described." It also provided that "Whenever twenty-five electors, residing in any one of said school districts, shall petition the Board of Aldermen of said city that the school district within which they reside may be brought under the full jurisdiction of the second district heretofore described, said Board of Aldermen, after due hearing, shall fix a day on which all legal voters residing within the limits of said school district may vote upon the question whether they are in favor of or opposed to said petition." It was fourteen years before the first outside school district availed itself of its privileges under this law. In January, 191 5, Town Plot was the first district to vote itself under the jurisdiction of the Waterbury Board of Education. The Sprague (Waterville) district and the Mill Plain district voted themselves in in January, 1916. The Bunker Hill district came in on November 1, 191 7. Those still operating as distinct school districts are Reidville and East Farms, which had formerly been one district, East Mountain, Bucks Hill, Hopeville, Park Road, and Oronoke, the latter two also a division of one former district. The last school board under the old law was as follows : Board of Education : A. A. Crane, chairman ; George H. Cowell, John D. Freney, Thomas J. Kilmartin, Charles S. Rodman. George W. Russell, Eugene A. Pendleton. District Committee: A. I. Goodrich, chairman; Michael J. Byrne, Timothy J. Carmody, Otis S. Northrop, Edward T. Root. Treasurer, John Meyer ; treasurer sinking fund, John W. Burns ; auditors, John J. Dawson, Daniel M. Davis; clerk, T. J. Moran ; superintendent of schools, Berlin W. Tinker. The first Board of Education under the amended charter was as follows: Hon. E. G. Kilduff, mayor, chairman ; Charles S. Chapman, George H. Cowell, Edward W. Goodenough, John F. Hayes, Thomas J. Kilmartin, John J. McDon- ald, George W. Russell. The superintendent was B. W. Tinker. From this period on the school growth was rapid. In 1899 the new Barnard and Webster schools, with ten and twelve rooms respectively, were opened. The remodeled Merriman and Hendricken schools were also in use practically as new buildings, and the Driggs school was nearly ready for occupancy. The system of furnishing text books free had been introduced into the schools in September, 1895, and has accomplished all that its supporters claimed for it. A system of physical training was inaugurated in the public schools of Water- bury in September, 1896, and was further extended. In 1896 the new high school on East Main Street was opened. The site cost the city $25,000 and the building complete cost approximately seventy-five thou- sand dollars. It was planned by Joseph A. Jackson. It was three stories in height, with offices and four class rooms on the first floor. Across the entire front on the building on the second floor were the physical laboratory, the lecture room, and the chemical laboratory. All these could be thrown into one large room by means of immense rolling partitions,' making a room ninety-three feet long. The lecture room had raised platforms. Adjoining the chemical laboratory was a dark room with sink for photographic work. On this floor were, also a teachers' room, with lockers, and three large recitation rooms, also four class rooms, all well lighted, and each with separate wardrobes for boys and girls. CLARK SCHOOL. WATERBURY BUNKER HILL SCHOOL WATKIMUK Y WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 65 The third tloor contained a fine large assembly hall, 64 feet by 72 feet, with ceiling 20 feet in height. This room was entirely clear of any posts or obstructions. In the basement was located the gymnasium. The exterior was designed somewhat in the colonial type of architecture, and was built of buff pressed brick with Indiana limestone and terra cotta trimmings. All the rooms had fresh air supply ducts, and likewise ducts for the removal of the vitiated air. These all connected with a central main duct in the basement ,and run to the foul air gathering room at the rear, which discharged outside of the building by the exhaust fan. The building was completely remodeled later. In June, kjoo, the board re-established the training school for teachers, with Adelaide V. Finch as principal. At this period, 1900, it was evident that the city had already outgrown its high school capacity. The record of increase in attendance shows that the school had more than doubled its attendance. No. of Pupils 1896-1897 237 1897-1898 321.5 1898-1899 351.2 1899-1900 436.9 September, 1900 494 For the year 1901 the physical plant of the Waterbury schools consisted of eighteen buildings with a seating capacity of 7,532. During this year the Walsh and Russell schools were opened, the Walsh School from designs by Joseph A. Jackson and the Russell School from plans by Thomas M. Freney. The Walsh School building was described in the report of this year as "located between Ashley and Dikeman streets, and fronts south looking towards Ashley Street. The building is three stories in height, with basement, having a frontage of 126 feet and a depth of 67 feet. The principal entrance to the main floor is in the center of the front through a high arched entrance porch. Other entrances to the basement and main floor are provided at each end. The first floor contains six class rooms and principal's room and teachers' room, with toilets, etc. The main corridor on each floor is twelve feet wide and runs the whole length of the building. The second floor contains six class rooms, teachers' room, recita- tion room and storage room. The th ; rd floor contains six class rooms and one large recitation room, which can also be used as a class room if needed. There is also a teachers' room with toilets and store room. In the basement are two large play rooms, one for the boys and one for the girls, also the boys' and girls' rooms, containing the sanitaries. The remaining space in the basement is used for the heating and ventilating apparatus, coal and fuel." "The Russell School," the report continues, "is two stones in height, with basement and attic, having a frontage on West Main Street of eighty-nine feet, and extending back on Wilson Street a distance of eighty-four feet. The main entrance is on West Main Street, opening from a porch with tiled floor, connect- ing with corridor. There is also an entrance to first floor on the west side of the building from the school yard. There are marble stairs at each end of the build- ing, leading from the first floor to the basement and from the first to the second floor. There are two entrances to the basement." In the building there were at the outset six school rooms. This capacity has been greatly increased. In 1903 the Mulcahy school, og-Bakhvirr-Street, was opened. The building was three stories in height, not including basement; it had a frontage of 72 feet and a depth of 91 feet. The building had four entrances, one on the Vol. 1—5 66 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY front, one in rear, and one on each side. The basement contained play rooms for both boys and girls, sanitaries, engine room, fuel room and janitor's room. The first floor contained four class rooms, principal's office with toilet and supply room. The second floor contained six class rooms, one recitation room and teachers' room with toilet. The third floor contained six class rooms, recitation room and teachers' room with toilet. This year, 1903, the old Elm Street building was condemned and abandoned, and plans made for the new Margaret Croft School. The Sprague School at Waterville was remodeled and a large wing added. In the report of the superintendent for 1904, the crowded condition of the schools is again emphasized. He says : "Five new rooms have been opened and filled, and as soon as we have the funds, at least one more room must be opened. In September, 1905, there will be but three unoccupied rooms in the entire city and it is quite possible that these may be occupied. The attendance for September, 1904, has been a record breaker, the increase, 533, being larger than that in any city in the state, and probably larger than in any city of similar size in New England. "There has been no increase like this within recent years, and as far as I can see, there is not likely to be any immediate relief. The first grades throughout the city are greatly overcrowded, the room that has less than sixty in attend- ance being the exception, and many have over sixty-five pupils. These figures mean that if we would properly house these children, we must still continue to open about eight new rooms each year. It is surprising how evenly this increase is spread over the entire city. Of the thirty-one schools, twenty-four show an increase and seven remain practically stationary. Provision for additional rooms to be opened in September, 1905, should be made at the Webster School. Three rooms could have been occupied in this district this fall if we had had them. I would recommend that an eight-room addition to this school be built during the coming year and a portion be ready for occupancy in September, 1905." In the enumeration for 1904, the following schools showed large gains: Bishop and Driggs, 186; Lincoln, 56; Merriman, 102; Croft, 218; Bunker Hill, 25 ; Park Road, 25 ; Hopeville, 40 ; Town Plot, 38. The growth of the city was again apparent in the records of 1905. The regis- tration was 9,413, an increase of 697. The new Mill Plain School was occupied and was a model district school. Bunker Hill purchased the site for a new eight-room building. Bucks Hill started on its new structure ; Park Road opened its new four- room building. During 1904 and 1905 the districts voted over ninety-four thousand dollars for sites and school buildings. In Waterville, the Sprague School, later destroyed by fire, assumed some- thing of its present shape. The original building, which was erected over fifty years ago, served the needs of the district until 1892, at which time a two-room addition was built to supply the want of a growing district. In 1897 it was neces- sary to add two more rooms to meet the increase, and six years later, in 1903, a four-room wing was added to the group. In 1905 it was deemed wise to give up the use of the first building for classroom needs and part of it was arranged for other uses, such as principal's office and supply rooms. A new brick addi- tion, erected in 1905, contained on the first floor a kindergarten, and on the sec- ond floor a classroom and a principal's office. Each floor had roomy corridors. With the addition completed and occupied, the district in 1905 had nine class- rooms and one kindergarten for the accommodation of the school population. In 1910 the Sprague School accommodations were again increased by the addition of a building containing three classrooms, a recitation room and a library. T 1 4 again reflected local economic conditions. The figure was 21,681, a loss of 1,490. The public school attendance for the year was [4,880; private school attendance, 4.255. The losses were as follows: Merri- man, 5; Mulcahy, 90; Croft, 281 ; Webster, 129; Bishop, 624; Porter, 116; Driggs and Lincoln, 304; Hamilton, 159; Hendricken, 230; Waterville, 54. All others showed small gains. The attendance at the evening schools was 1,529. Of the conditions at the Crosby High School, the superintendent says : "The situation in the high school is such that it is very doubtful if it will be possible to house the pupils next year, even in two sessions and a third session is absolutely out of the question. Twelve hundred and twenty pupils are now in attendance, which is nearly twice the full capacity of the school. Fortunately up to the present year the two divisions have been somewhat equally divided and the selection of courses of study by the pupils has been such that it was possible to accommodate everyone, but during the present year there has been a sort of a realignment on the part of the pupils with the result that a large number of pupils can not take the studies that are called for in their courses for the reason that it is absolutely impossible to organize additional classes. The laboratory facilities are proving to be inadequate and the commercial practice rooms entirely too small." In 1914 the Slocum School was opened and filled to capacity. Additions to the Maloney and Washington schools were begun. The Mulcahy, which was par- tially destroyed by fire in 1914, and the old Croft School building, which was also heavily damaged by flames, were both thoroughly repaired, and ready for occupancy in 1915. After these fires sprinkler systems were placed in all new schools and in the old ones as rapidly as funds would permit. In January, 1914, the Board of Education decided to make the superintendent of schools the executive head of the entire school department and to hold him wholly responsible for all of its activities. The superintendent up to that time had charge of the purely educational work ; the physical plant being in charge of the Committee on Schoolhouses and the inspector of school buildings. Under the new arrangement, the superintendent was also made responsible for the condition of the physical plant. In 1 914 plans were adopted for the new Clark School on Scovill Street, adjoin- ing the Croft School. It is a fourteen-room building, complete with wood- working and cooking departments, gymnasium, swimming pool, boys' and girls' lockers, shower and dressing room. This building is a model in every respect as to its construction and finish, and the entire range of modern schoolhouse work in this country was searched to produce a building which would be of most thor- ough and at the same time most economical fireproof construction. The walls of the building are of brick, the exterior facing being of selected brick trimmed with a small amount of Indiana limestone in keeping with the Croft School. The Sprague School gymnasium, which was begun in October, 1914, was ready for occupancy February, 191 5. The auditorium in this seats 500. In 191 5 the enumeration was 22,390, a gain of 709 over 1914. The largest gains were as. follows : Washington District, 180; Duggan, 109; Mulcahy, 103; Hendricken, 101 ; Barnard and Maloney, 81 each; Croft, 50; Porter, 48; Lincoln, 72 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 43 ; Walsh, 38 ; Driggs, 30 ; Merriman showed a loss of 76 ; Russell, of 69 ; and Webster, of 198. Town Plot showed a gain of 162; Bucks Hill, 27; Hopeville, 20; East Mountain, 15; Mill Plain, 13; East Farms, 7. The losses in Waterville were 34, and in Bunker Hill, 17. The reports of the attendance for September, 1915, show a total number of 13,959 pupils, a gain of 611. There was a loss in attendance of 98 at the Driggs and Lincoln schools, due to the opening of the new St. Margaret's Parochial School. The attendance at the evening schools was 1,679, tne largest in the history of the city up to that time. In 191 5 a decided advance was made in the planning and construction of new schools. Of these the most important enterprises were the planning of the new Wilby High School and the opening of the Clark School on which in 1915 $100,667.94 was expended. The total expenditures in 1915 for buildings, additions and furniture was $128,214.93, in 1914 it was $129,133, of which $42,930 was spent in the new high school addition and $58,974 on the Maloney School. The work on additions and alterations of the Hendricken School was com- menced in October, 1915, and finished in March, 1916. In the basement the following new rooms were added : Cooking room, boiler room, woodworking room, girls' and boys' sanitaries, store room and new exit. On the first floor were added a kindergarten, teachers' room, kindergarten and teachers' toilets, store room and exit. On the second floor were added a class room, principal's room and library and toilet. The school department in 191 5 had four new gymnasiums and one up-to-date swimming pool. The pool and one new gymnasium are located at the Clark School, one at Washington, one at Maloney and one at the Sprague School. They are all well lighted, heated, and ventilated. Plans were also approved for the eight-room Mattatuck School at the corner of Seymour and Russell streets and for the long-contemplated nine-room Lincoln School, to replace the old Lincoln School on Sperry Street. The returns of the school enumeration for 1916 showed 24,001 children of school age, a gain of 1,611 as compared with 191 5. The total number at school was 21,063, a g ani °f 1,000; total number in private schools, 4,996, a gain of 521 ; a total number employed between fourteen and sixteen years of age was 548, a gain of 98. The attendance at evening schools for 1916 was 2,177, a § am of practically 500. The Begnal School, corner Seymour and Russell streets, containing eight class rooms and a kindergarten, was opened in 19 17. THE NEW VOCATIONAL AND GRAMMAR SCHOOL The new vocational and grammar school building which is now being con- structed on the lot adjoining the Crosby High School will have a frontage of 133 feet on East Main Street, 153 feet on North Elm Street, and 133 feet on Water Street. The exterior will be built of buff pressed brick trimmed with granite and limestone to match up the present building and it will conform to the present building in design. The pitched slate-covered roof of the present building will be entirely removed and the new roof of the present building and the roof of the new building will have a practically flat surface finished in vitrified tile for play- ground use. There will be one entrance to the new building from East Main and two WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 73 from North Elm streets. The entrance from Water Street to the basement of the present building may be also used for exit and entrance to the new. The floors and roofs are to he of reinforced concrete construction ; the staircases, of which there will be two, will extend- from the sub-basement to the roof. These are to be of structural iron construction with selected blue stone treads and platforms, and they will be enclosed within brick walls. The stair- case halls will be closed off from the corridors at each floor with metal fireproof doors, transoms and partitions glazed with wired glass. A direct-connected electric combination passenger and freight elevator will be installed to travel from the boiler room floor to the third floor. The boiler room and the heating apparatus room will be below the Water Street level. The boiler room will contain the filter and pump rooms, coal bunker and ash bin. There will be five floors above the boiler room, the sub- basement, basement and first, second and third floors. The sub-basement will contain a gymnasium 42 feet 8 inches by 63 feet, with two galleries above on the basement floor level, the boys' and girls' locker and shower rooms, drying rooms, lounging spaces, director's room, a swimming pool 25 feet wide by 60 feet long with a spectators' gallery 12 feet by 70 feet at one side of the pool. The sub- basement will also furnish room for the foundry and plumbing shop, a stock and saw room and four store rooms. The gymnasium and locker rooms will be lined full height with glazed brick ; the shower and drying rooms and all walls enclosing the pool will be faced with white enameled brick. The pool, all floor spaces around the pool and the floors of the shower rooms will be laid with tile. The basement will contain three machine shops and a forge shop. The first, second and third floors will contain twenty-nine class rooms and on each floor there will be toilet rooms. All class rooms will have glazed brick wainscot, maple floors, ash trim and blackboards. The corridors will have composition floors on concrete and glazed brick wainscot. Ail class rooms on the inside of the building open to a light court 55 feet by 69 feet. Fire standpipes will be carried up through the building to the roof at several places and these will be equipped with hose and hose racks. Suitable pipes and fixtures will be carried to the outside walls of the building, which will permit the fire department to connect their apparatus and increase the water pressure on the interior of the building. Sprinklers will be installed in the sub-basement, basement and elsewhere in the building where combustibles may be stored. The new building will be connected with the Crosby High School at the basement, first, second and third floors by means of ample corridors. To obtain the room for these corridors several changes are to be made on the several floors of the Crosby School. Among these will be the shortening of the boys' lunch room in the basement, the closing up of the west entrance to the basement, the closing up of the side entrance to offices on the first floor, adding a new vault for the use of the school clerk, a new waiting room, new offices for the girl clerks, the secretary and the superintendent, and using part of the women teachers' room on the first floor. On the second floor part of the recitation rooms and the spaces used for physical and chemical stores are to be used for cor- ridors and the necessary additions and alterations are made to provide for store rooms. On the third floor minor alterations only will be necessary to accommo- date the connecting corridors. 74 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In the near future it is the intention to use both the present and new build- ings for a vocational school and the new building has been planned so that it may be adapted to that use at a minimum cost. When used for a vocational school the following rooms will be contained in the first, second and third floors : cabinet work, pattern shop, wood turning, electric wiring and testing, printing and bookbinding, painting and decorating, mechanical drawing, design and draw- ing, elementary mechanical drawing, sewing, dressmaking, millinery, nursing, elementary cooking, advanced cooking, laundry, sheet metal, general science, women teachers, principal's office, waiting room, department office and a small apartment containing a dining room, a living room, bath and bed room. VALUE OF SCHOOL PROPERTY I916 This is the record from the annual report for 1916. The additional value in schools opened and under construction in 191 7 will bring the total valuation to nearly four million dollars. This allows approximately a million for the new Wilby High School on Pine Street which is to be opened in 19 17 and the voca- tional school adjoining the Crosby which when completed will have cost approxi- mately eight hundred thousand dollars. Important changes in the schools in 191 7 were the appointment of M. C. Donovan as principal of the Crosby High School, succeeding Stephen W. Wilby, who died March 30, 1917. Joseph P. Kennedy was made principal of the Wilby High School, which opened its doors September 1, 19 17. For 1.9 1 7 the board is expending $60,000 for gymnasium and pool in Brook- lyn. This is to be ready in 19 18. The new thirteen-room school in the Hopeville District, which is to contain a pool and gymnasium, will also be ready for occupancy in 1918. The total cost of this is now placed at $100,000. The expenditures for new buildings and additions, including furnishings, in Waterbury schools since 1895 have been as follows: 1895 $ 32.963.68 1906 49,000.00 1896 76,441.32 1907 52,100.00 1897 2 7>793- 2 6 1908 2,900.00 1898 3 2 »445-79 1909 38,768.03 1899 108,390.04 1910 44,000.00 1900 20.444.29 1911 138,845.00 1 90 1 40,998.75 191 2 23,647.67 1902 49,884.00 1913 64,362.00 1903 36,500.00 1914 129,133.09 1904 34.523-5I 1915 126,214,93 1905 39,806.70 1916 104,051.52 Total including lots, building, books, School No. of rooms furniture, etc. Crosby High 35 $266,240 Barnard 12 43,6io Bishop 12 43,o68 Clark 14 101,787 Croft 12-20 120,526 Driggs 24 1 14,342 Duggan 20 9 6 ,356 ST. MARGARET'S SCHOOL. WATERBURY CONVENT OF NOTRE DAME. WATERBURY WATERIU'RY AND THE \Al( ;ATUCK VALLEY 75 School I tamilton Hendricken . . . I -incoln Maloney Mary Abbott . . Merrim;in .... Mill Plain Mulcahy Porter Russell Slocum Sprague Town Plot .... Walsh Washington .. . Webster Welton Stock Room . . . Mattatuck Site Pine Street Site Begnal Site ... Columbia Site . No. of rooms 4 10 8 16 4 16 4 12 8 12 12 16 8 18 20 6 Totals 348 Bucks Hill 2 Bunker Hill 8 Chapel 6 East Farms 1 East Mountain 2 Hopeville 4 Newton Heights 1 Oronoke 1 Park Road 4 Reidville 4 Total including lots, building, books, furniture, etc. $12,695 65,348 28,822 91,781 28,822 88,694 24,983 50,184 31,666 78,730 83,737 69,422 33,822 165,794 59,660 88,336 21,868 2,882 10,000 108,000 17,000 20,000 $1,968,196 $ Totals 33 7400 44,858 20,500 3,o75 6,300 13,504 4,575 3,5i5 n,i75 7,56o $122,462 PRESENT SCHOOL ACTIVITIES To give a clear idea of the extension of educational work in Waterbury, the following extracts from the 1916 report are given: "In addition to the regular school work the teachers and pupils have engaged in a large number of special activities much wider in scope than the exhibits of regular school work. Nearly every building had, this year, a special exhibition of gymnastic work of unusual merit. Two schools presented entertainments of an unusual nature, both of which had large educational values. The Duggan School gave an exhibition of living pictures which was greatly enjoyed and favorably commented on by more than a thousand parents and friends, and the 76 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Walsh School presented a pageant illustrating the history of Waterbury, many scenes of which were acted out in a truly marvelous manner. OVER-AGE CLASSES "A new over-age class has been opened in the Duggan building for tbe accommodation of such pupils in the Porter, Duggan, Barnard and Town Plot schools. Reports from all three special classes continue to show the great use- fulness of this work, and it is planned to open other similar classes in another year. DOMESTIC SCIENCE "During the last year the Hendricken and Russell schools have been equipped with kitchens, making a total of ten, which necessitated the appointment of a new teacher. Classes from St. Thomas' Parochial School are being accommodated at Webster School, and special classes of backward children have been arranged for in nearly every school. Laundry equipment is being installed in most of the kitchens and lessons in this work have already been given to some extent. New meat charts have been procured for four kitchens. We are revising the course of study, giving special attention to practical and economical methods on account of the present unnatural increase in the cost of food supplies." WOODWORKING CLASSES In the woodworking departments the report shows 15 classes in the Margaret Croft School, averaging 17 each; in the Driggs School there are 12 classes; in the Lincoln School, 3 ; in the Duggan, 2 ; in the Walsh, 2 ; in the Sprague, 5 ; Webster, 7 ; Mary Abbott and St. Thomas Parochial, 6 ; Washington and Mul- cahy, 5 ; Russell, 4 ; Merriman, 4 ; Hendricken, Mill Plain and Hamilton Avenue, 7. THE CONTINUATION SCHOOL One of the most important advances made in Waterbury was unquestionably the establishment in November, 1912, of the Continuation School. There were seven manufacturing concerns who desired to send a total of 210 apprentices. As the capacity of the school had been set at 180 students and more factories made application to enter apprentices, the school board was com- pelled to increase the accommodations. The school opened for its second year September, 1913, with 20 manufacturers sending a total of 250 apprentices. Tn 191 7 the classes number 200. The following is the curriculum: First Year Shop Arithmetic. — The four fundamental operations. Fractions, decimals, percentage, ratio and proportion. English and metric units of length, area, volume and weight. Square root. Mensuration. Practical examples. Reports and discussions, from articles in trade papers. Oral reports and discussions to encourage public speaking and debating. Written reports to give training in spelling, writing and composition. Shop Talks. — The opportunities in the machine industry. The requirements of a first-class machinist. A brief description of machines used by the machinist. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Chisels and chiseling operations; hies and filing; hand tools; small tools, study of the materials of construction. History and Civics. -Study of the history, growth and government of Water- bury. The development of the various industries of Waterhury. Personal Hygiene. — Good habits for the worker, hygiene of the workroom; fatigue; occupational dangers; first aid to the injured; tuherculosis, etc. Drawing. — Free-hand sketching. Free-hand drawing on cross-section paper of tools and machine parts. Simple projection. Second Year Shop Mathematics. — Solution of an equation. Formulas in power, speeds, and feeds of simple machines. Theory of exponents. Logarithms, powers and roots. The slide rule. Solution of the right angle triangle. Reports and discussions on topics assigned from the geographical relation of iron and brass; their founding and manufacture. Written and oral descriptions of tools, parts of machines and machine operations. Shop Talks. — A study of the following: Drilling machines, lathe planer, shaper, milling machine, boring mills and grinding machines. Selection of grind- ing wheels. Gears and methods of cutting. The art of cutting metals. Civics.— Government of Connecticut. Connecticut's position in the manufac- turing world. Character Study. — A study of the lives and contributions of the nation's noted inventors and the influence of their inventions upon the progress of manufactures of the country. Mechanical Drawing. — Simple and oblique projections. Free-hand isometric drawing. Third and Fourth Years Practical Mathematics. — Solution of diagrams. Practical problems. Reports and discussions, from trade journals. Shop Talks. — Layout and assembly operations. Care of belting. Lubricating oils and cutting solutions. Manufacturing talks. Heat treatment of steel. Tool making. Cam cutting. Civics. — The national government. Duties of citizenship. Mechanical Drawing. — Sketches of machine parts and drawing from same. Isometric drawing. Applied Mathematics. — Applied problems and review. Reports and discussions, from trade journals. Shop Talks. — A study of turret lathes, automatic machines and their tools. Forge, foundry and pattern work. Power transmission. A brief talk on the pur- pose and development of scientific methods as applied to shop work. Mechanics. — Laws of gases, liquids and solids. A study of heat and its prac- tical application. Elementary electricity and the principles of electric machines, etc. Strength of Materials. — Strength of machine parts, tools, etc. Drawing, link motions, cam layouts. Solution of problems by graphics. The fifth year of Continuation School work started September, 1916, with 215 apprentices enrolled, twenty-three factories sending apprentices. The first graduating class of seven apprentices received diplomas in June, 1916, and at the same time certificates were awarded to ninety-six apprentices for satis- 78 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY factorily completing their studies while attending the Continuation School. Dur- ing this year a course for automatic screw machine operators was introduced. The work of the Continuation School has attracted attention throughout the country. THE SALESMANSHIP SCHOOL The Salesmanship School, which was conducted in 191 5 and 1916, has been temporarily suspended for 191 7. Conditions in the city this year and last year are and have been very unfavorable to the work in that a shortage of help in the stores makes it difficult to spare any to attend the school. In spite of this, the merchants have shown a much greater interest and desire to avail themselves of the oppor- tunity of increasing the efficiency of their store forces, as is shown by the fact that the enrollment in 1916 was more than fifty. Because of this need for more help in the stores, an entirely new plan had been worked out with much success. Classes were held in two of the stores, instead of at the school, taking the time of the teacher rather than that of the saleswomen in going back and forth. Thus in the Grant and Hutchinson 25-Cent Stores all the saleswomen attended the classes, half coming at one time, half at another. There was less individual work, but much greater enthusiasm and more ground covered. A class from the Reid & Hughes Dry Goods Co., and from Grieve, Bisset and Holland, attended the school. The work will be resumed as economic conditions permit. THE OPEN AIR SCHOOL During the spring of 191 2 several prominent ladies of Waterbury established an Open Air School for Tuberculous Children which was at first conducted at no expense whatever to the Department of Education. It was first located in a re- constructed building in the rear of the Industrial School, on Central Avenue. The method of operation was unique. The children were given three meals a day, which at the outset were served in a dining room in the basement of the Industrial School Building. They were served with good nourishing food, plenty of milk, bread and butter, vegetables, good soups, cooked fruits and such. The meals cost from 17 to 18 cents a day per child. After dinner the children lie down for an hour before the afternoon session, on cots which are in the school room. They are weighed once a week. "Sitting out" bags are provided for the use of the children in the cold weather, also warm caps and gloves. In October of 191 5 the Open Air School was transferred to the Clark School and placed under the entire control of the Board of Education. In this building two large rooms are used for class room and rest purposes, both equipped with the very latest devices. In the basement a large room has been fitted up as a kitchen and dining room with neat, serviceable and modern equipment. The pupils in this school also have the opportunity of using the roof playground and, taken altogether, the arrangements for the Open Air School are as complete as will be found in any similar school in this country. The Board of Health, through the school physicians and nurses, is actively co-operating in its management, and the Waterbury Dental Association is taking care of the children's teeth. As soon as funds are available and there is need, it is planned to open a similar school or schools in other sections of the city. C z K DC PS w o H x 1=1 > WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 79 EMPLOYMENT OF CHILDREN In 1914 an important investigation was begun on employment of children. In his report for that year, the superintendent has this to say by way of comparing Waterbury with other Connecticut cities : "Some interesting figures have just been published by the State Board of Edu- cation relative to the employment of children between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years that I think will prove to be of interest to you. The charge is some- times brought against the schools that we are unable to hold any appreciable per cent of children between fourteen and sixteen; that large numbers of them go to work. Now this may be and may not be true. Whatever the facts of the case may be, the figures from the State Department show that, as compared with New Haven and Bridgeport, the per cent of fourteen and sixteen-year-olds that we hold in the schools is twice as great as theirs, and, as compared with all the cities of the state, we are head and shoulders above any. For example, in New Haven there is one certificated child to every twenty-two between fourteen and sixteen years of age; in Bridgeport twenty-four and Hartford thirty-one, and in New Britain, our nearest competitor, thirty-seven, while Waterbury has only one certificated child of school age out of every fifty pupils between fourteen and sixteen years of age." FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION "In the entire city, nearly one-half, or 50 per cent, of the pupils in school, have parents who were born in non-English speaking countries. In Bishop Street, Clay Street, Croft, Duggan and Barnard schools about three-fourths of the children have parents who were born in non-English speaking countries. The per cents vary all the way from yy per cent at Bishop to 6 per cent at Washington. It goes without saying that those schools which have the higher per cents of pupils whose parents were born in non-English speaking countries have peculiar problems to solve that the other schools do not have." The average enrollment of children born in foreign countries is about 12 per cent. PRIVATE SCHOOLS Among the private schools running in 1893, the most important was "St. Mar- garet's School for Girls," which was long conducted under the auspices of the Waterbury School Association, a private organization of citizens, and in 1875 was presented to the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut for a Diocesan School. In 1895, Miss Mary R. Hillard was placed in charge and remained until 1908. The school is still running successfully, with a vastly extended curriculum. It is now in charge of Rev. John N. Lewis, Jr.. rector; Emily Gardne r Munro, principal. In 1908, Miss Hillard decided to establish a school Tor girls at Middlebury, Conn., and interested many of the leading men and women in Waterbury in this enterprise. A company was formed with John H. Whittemore at its head and a magnificent school building was erected in Middlebury. Of this the architect was Miss Theodate Pope, now Mrs. John Riddle, and it is one of the model school buildings of the state, its cost running up to $100,000. The name of the school is "The Westover." The school was opened in the spring of 1909, with 125 in attendance, some- thing over actual capacity. It has been run successfully ever since. Dr. Mary R. 80 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Hillard is still in charge. Its attendance this year, with its increased capacity, is 150. The new studio, constructed recently, is also in use. Harris Whittemore succeeded his father as president of the Westover School Corporation. The Academy of the Convent of Notre Dame celebrated its quarter centennial in 1894. At that time it was under the direction of Madam St. Stanislaus. Today it is in charge of Sister Superior St. Faustina. It has 14 teachers and 220 pupils. St. Mary's Parochial School was established August 29, 1886, by Father Mul- cahy, and was in its own building at the beginning of this quarter century, 1893. This had been solemnly blessed on September 3, 1888. It is interesting to note that during his entire Waterbury pastorate, Father Mulcahy was a member of the Board of Education of the Center district, and was for some years chairman of the board. Father Mulcahy also built the convent, in 1889. In its first year the school had 700 children, in charge of 12 Sisters. Sister Superior Rosita was then superin- tendent of the school. Monsignor Slocum, in 1902, built the Mulcahy Memorial, which is now used as a club house for the school alumni and alumnae. In 1905 the eight-room grammar school was built. This gives the school at present twenty rooms. The attendance in 191 7 is 950. In 1916 it was 1,050. There are now twenty Sisters teaching, in charge of Sister Superior Claudine. Sister Superior Claudine came to Waterbury from Convent Station, N. J., in 1897, and has been in continuous charge since then. The record of parochial schools for 1917 is as follows: St Mary's Parochial School for the Parish of the Immaculate Conception — Sisters in charge, 20; pupils, 1,100. School of the Sacred Heart Convent — Sisters in charge, 9 ; pupils 414. Parochial School of St. Ann's Church — Sisters in charge, 17; pupils, 600. Parochial School of St. Joseph's Church (Lithuanian) — Sisters in charge, 12; pupils, 578. Parochial School of St. Thomas Church — Sisters in charge, 1 1 ; pupils, 490. Academy of the Convent of Notre Dame — Sisters in charge, 14; pupils, 220. Parochial School of St. Margaret's Parish — Sisters in charge, 9 ; pupils, 350. This school was opened in 1914. BERLIN WRIGHT TINKER Berlin Wright Tinker, superintendent of schools since 1897, succeeded to the position on the death of Superintendent Crosby. Thus during the past quarter century there have been but two men in active charge of the educational work of Waterbury. Mr. Tinker was born in Jerusalem, N. Y., February 7, 1867, and was educated in the public schools of Norwich, where his father was the minister of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. He graduated from Bates College, then took a year's special course at Boston University. His educational work began as principal of the High School at Chelmsford, Mass. He was later in charge of the high schools at Southborough, Marblehead and Marlboro, coming to Waterbury in 1897. He is a member of the First Church. On August 25, 1889, he was married to Eliza- beth French Wyer. The long record of progress, of wise adjustment to conditions, is the best tribute that can be paid him. He has not alone kept the schools of Waterbury in the forefront of America's city educational institutions, but he has, by original work, contributed materially to the advance of educational methods everywhere. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 81 STEPHEN WILLIAM WILBY Stephen William Wilby was principal of the Crosby High School from 1896 to the time of his death, March 30, 1917, a period of twenty-one years of able service to the city. He was born at Spencer, Mass., November 27, 1865, graduated from Montreal College and later attended Holy Cross College, in Worcester. From this he grad- uated, in [888. 1 fe began teaching in Epiphany College, one of the principal acad- emies in Baltimore, and later at St. Andrews' Seminary, Rochester. In 1895 he came to the Waterbury schools and was appointed principal of the High School in [896. His work here has been of exceptional value. The constant yearly increase in attendance necessitated make-shifts without detracting from the value of the school work, and in this labor he demonstrated a rare power of organization and of executive ability. Many additions to the courses were recommended by him when the work of double sessions was in itself enough to keep his mind and time occupied, showing that nothing could deter him from keeping the Crosby High School up to standard. MINOT SHERMAN CROSBY Minot Sherman Crosby was connected with the Waterbury schools from 1870 to 1897, the year of his death. From 1870 to 1891 he was both principal of the Waterbury High School and Superintendent of Schools. In 1891 he was relieved of the high school work and confined his labors to superintending the schools of the Center district. He was born in Conway, Mass., prepared for college at Phillips Academy, and graduated from Amherst. For ten years he was a teacher in the public schools of this state and in private schools in Virginia and New York. In 1861 he became principal of the Hartford Female Seminary. In September, 1870, he came to Waterbury. His work here was of exceptional value in estab- lishing a sound foundation for the great growth that came in later years. The new high school, completed the year before his death, was named Crosby, in honor of his long years of useful work in Waterbury. Till-: NEW WILBY HIGH SCHOOL At present the sessions in the Crosby High School Building are divided, as fol- lows : Crosby High pupils. 8 A. M. to 12:45 P - M. ; Wilby High pupils, 1 P. M. to 5 P. M. The Crosby is what might be termed the Classical High, and the Wilby the English, Commercial and Household Economics school. The new Wilby High, which will cost when completed, with its site on Pine and Grove streets, approxi- mately Si, 000,000. will be ready for occupancy in T919. The building will accom- modate from 1,200 to 1,500 pupils. The architect, L. A. Walsh, 'has provided for approximately thirty-four rooms. It will be a fireproof structure, 190 by 196 feet, on the so-called hollow-square plan, the rooms being arranged about the .outside of the square, with the assembly hall in the center. The exterior provides a build- ing on the Tudor-Gothic style, built of red rough tapestry brick with the orna- mentation concentrated about the main front entrance and the two Pine Street entrances. The floors of corridors, toilet rooms, lunch room, pool room and lecker rooms are to be terrazo. The floors of all other rooms are to be maple. The building has been set close to Pine Street, so thai the approaches for pupils from Grove Street may be made on an easy slope. Vol. 1—6 82 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY SCHOOL REGISTRATION FOR 1917 The following is the school registration for 1917: Crosby High School 897 Slocum 581 Wilby High School 553 Sprague 473 Abbott 171 Town Plot 303 Barnard 332 Walsh 1,092 Begnal 415 Washington : . . . 585 Bishop 530 Webster 829 Bunker Hill 315 Welton 223 Columbia 266 Maloney 622 Croft 1,396 Bucks Hill 40 Driggs 800 Chapel 179 Duggan 715 East Farms 33 Hamilton 90 East Mountain 87 Hendricken 384 Hopeville 127 Merriman 583 Oronoke 16 Mill Plain 227 Park Road 47 Mulcahy 446 Reidville 107 Newton Heights 52 Porter 230 Total 14,172 Russell 426 MEDICAL INSPECTION The medical inspection in the schools of Waterbury dates back to 1898, when the first eyesight tests were made. The discovery of defective vision in about 11 per cent of the children and the immediate efforts made to remedy this evil led in the following year to the passage of a state act, making these tests compulsory in all schools every three years. Medical inspection was introduced about 1907, and it was due largely to the efforts of the school doctors that children with weak lungs were segregated, as far as possible, and that the Open Air School was started in 191 2. Today the Dental Association of Waterbury devotes some time to inspection of teeth. The school physicians for 19 17 are Drs. Charles A. Monagan and John W. Fruin, who make the rounds of all the schools of the city. Two nurses are also in the service of the schools and work either in the homes or schools, as the doctors advise. MARGARET CROFT The Board of Education struck a tender and popular chord when it named one of its latest and best school buildings the Margaret Croft School. For Margaret Croft was first of all a native of Waterbury, and, what is more important, one of the great factors in the advancement of its schools. She was born here, January 25, 1835, the daughter of James and Polly W. Croft. Her father was the first person jn Waterbury who had been trained in the art of making gilt buttons. He was identified with this industry until his death, in 1S37. Margaret Croft graduated at Mount Holyoke Seminary in 1855, was a teacher in Mississippi in 1855 and 1856, and in Georgia from 1858 to 1861. In 1863 she became a Waterbury teacher, and her work was of such exceptional worth that THK MARGARET CROFT SCHOOL, WATERBl'RY CROSB1 lllcil SCHOOL, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 83 she was later appointed assistant principal of the High School, which position she retained until 1909, when she retired. She died August 20, 191 1. She was thus connected actively with the schools of Waterhury for forty-six years, and had during that long period been one of the greatest of Waterbury's educational and moral influences. JOSEPH P. KENNEDY Joseph P. Kennedy, the principal of the Wilby High School, is a Waterbury boy. He was born here March 28, 1877, was educated in the Waterbury public schools and later graduated from St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md. He came to the Waterbury schools as a substitute teacher in 1898, and in February, 1900, was made teacher of mathematics at the Crosby High School. In 1914 he was made sub-master, In September, 1917, he was appointed principal of the Wilby High School. He is devoting much of his time to planning improvements for the Wilby High School Building, which is to be ready for occupancy in 1919. MICHAEL C. DONOVAN Michael C. Donovan, principal of the Crosby High School, was born in Belvidere, N. Y., October 12, 1868, and was educated in the public and parochial schools there and in Wellsville, N. Y. He graduated from Niagara University, Niagara Falls, N. Y., in 1892 and in June, 1917, his college gave him the honorary degree of Litt. D. He received his Normal training in the Teachers' College, Buffalo. For two years after taking this course he worked for the Standard Oil Company at Lima and Findlay, Ohio. In 1898 he came as teacher to the Crosby High School, W r aterbury, where he has been ever since. In September, 1904, when the Department of English was created at the Crosby High School, he was placed in charge of it. He was made temporary principal on March 15, 1917, and principal May 1, 1917. Mr. Donovan has thus been connected with the Waterbury schools for nearly twenty years, and throughout that period has given valuable service to its pupils. He is a strict disciplinarian and has done much to advance the cause of education in Waterbury. THE DAVID G. PORTER COLLEGE BEQUEST David G. Porter, born in Waterbury March 8, 1833, who spent most of an active life in this city, died October 7, 1905, and left a large portion of his estate for the founding of a college. He knew that in itself it would not suffice for the purpose he had in mind and in his will he states that "when the accumu- lation, increased by possible contribution?, donations or bequests from other sources, shall be deemed sufficient for the purpose, the trustees shall establish a school or college on the portion of land west of the Meriden Road, to be operated according to the following plan : — "The courses of study in the institution may be literary and classical, or scientific and technical, or both, but shall in any case be made up of a six-month winter term for young men, extending from October 1st to April 1st, these dates being movable at the discretion of the trustees, but so as to comprise not less 84 WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY than six months, inclusive of a holiday recess of not more than one week, and shall be arranged so as to rise in grade, each succeeding term or year above the preceding, and covering a period of not less than three, nor more than six years. "The courses of study for young women shall be made up of summer terms of not less than three months each, and shall extend over a period of not more than four years ; and as far as practicable, special prominence shall be given in these courses to the theory and practice of domestic science, literature and modern languages ; and a study of the constellations of the visible heavens, and of ornithology shall be included." The following explanatory paragraph is also signed by the testator and made a part and parcel of the will : ''The purpose of the residuary legacy is to provide for the beginning of a school, or college, to be operated on a plan by which young men can earn during the six summer months what they will need to spend at college during the other six months of the year; in order that capable young men, who are so disposed, can secure a liberal education independently, and of their own resources, without incurring debt or the risk of injury to health by attempting double work ; and so that young women can receive such instruction in college courses as shall be fitted to their circumstances and needs under similar conditions, but without what is termed co-education." The following are named in the will to hold the property in trust for the above purposes : Cornelius Tracy, Albert D. Field, Charles L. Holmes, Edwy E. Benedict, Helen P. Camp and Margaret Torrance Holmes, wife of Walter W. Holmes. The Waterbury Trust Company was elected trustee of the fund on July 26, 1907. It now approximates $45,000. David Porter devoted many years of his life to the study of theological and educational questions. Many of his contributions appeared in the New Christian Quarterly, some in the New En°lander and the Journal of Social Science. After the publication of ''The History of Waterbury," Mr. Porter published the following: "The Elder from Ephesus," 1897; "The Perversion of Funds in the Land Grant Colleges," 1897; "Religion Straight from the Bible," 1902; "The Kingdom of God." 1905. In 1904 Mr. Porter edited and contributed largely to the cost of publication of a volume of 200 pages entitled, "A Century in the History of the Baptist Church in Waterbury, Conn." Interesting among a quantity of miscellaneous manuscript is. "The English Language and Its Written Expression." THE SILAS BRONJSON LIBRARY Beginning in 1869, with an endowment by Silas Bronson, of Middlebury, of $200,000, the Silas Bronson Library was directed for some years according to the scholarly ideas then prevailing, and fulfilled its function as a storehouse for the preservation of rare and costly books. Later, the pressure of democratic tendencies forced it into line with a move- ment directed by the American Library Association and having for its aim "The best books for the largest number at the least cost." To this "library move- ment." so-called, is due the present system of free libraries supported by the people and appealing to them under the democratic title of "People's Universi- ties." The Bronson Library belongs to both periods and shows the influence of both. In its reference department are rare and beautiful works such as the early BROXSOX LIBRARY, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 85 editions of Ruskin valued at $200; the Versailles gallery of pictures in 13 volumes, quoted at $610; Audubon's "Birds of North America," at $500; Tryon's "Manual of Conchology" in 35 volumes, valued at $700; and others of equal scarceness. The library has also 2.000 or more volumes relating to local history and genealogy, hooks wisely chosen for the model collection which now attract visitors from all parts of the state. The library museum contains tine mineral specimens exhibited at the World's Fair in Chicago and secured for the library by Cornelius Tracy, a herbarium collected by H. F. Bassett in several different states, 1,000 coins presented by Nathan Dikeman, and war relics from southern battlefields and the Philippines. In 1906, F. J. Kingsbury, with the co-operation of the Naturalist Club, presented a fine collection of New England birds valued at about twelve hundred dollars ; and in 1910, specimens of rare •butterflies beautifully mounted, were given by the Misses Merriman and Mrs. F. E. Castle. The aristocratic period of development ended in 1900, when the circulation of books fell to 69,600 volumes for the year, although in the first year of the library's establishment, the circulation was 76,769 volumes based on a collection of less than 12,000 books. In 1902, readers were for the first time admitted to the shelves of the book- room, the stringency of the rules for borrowers was relaxed, and the library became at once a popular institution. The record of succeeding years has been one of progress along democratic lines, and the issues of the library have increased from 69,600 volumes in 1900 to nearly 400,000 volumes in 19 17. An unexpected result has been the rapid growth in the reference use of the library by the masses of the people. A few years ago questions involving research of any sort were rarely asked; but during the past year 1,831 subjects were referred to the librarian for special material. The use of the library is developed through a special department cared for by a "readers' " information librarian, who aids people in the use of the case catalogue, provides material for essays and debates, and answers all questions requiring special knowledge, including those sent by telephone. From this department is issued the monthly bulletin of the library, with lists on subjects such as the war, new thought, books about Ireland, technical books, city government and social betterment, while the bulletin board in the hallway calls attention to books relating to holidays and anniversaries or to other topics of special interest. Postals are also sent out notifying persons of recent additions in certain classes of literature. The collection of pamphlets numbering some fifty-five thousand is an impor- tant aid in information work and includes in their season such popular features as tourists' guides and the latest catalogues of colleges and universities. Novel readers are accommodated by a collection of pay duplicates, and atten- tion is -called to the best stories in many lines by volumes grouped in the book- room under such designations as Stories of Country Life. New England Stories, Ghost Stories, Civil War Stories, and One Hundred of the Best Novels, all of which have their special patrons. Tiie school work of the library is directed by a trained children's librarian under whose care are the children's rooms in the main building, and the branches, and the deposit libraries sent each year to every grade beginning with the third in seventeen schoolhouses. In the Brooklyn branch, story-telling as a method of interesting children in the best books has been introduced with success, and boys' as well as girls' reading clubs are in the process of formation. 86 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY During the weeks before Christmas, an exhibition of the books most loved by children is always arranged at the main library and invitations to visit it are sent to mothers interested in selecting books as gifts. The library has also a per- manent collection of books for story-telling reserved for the use of mothers and teachers, and there is now a model library of 500 of the volumes best adapted for supplementary reading in the schools. The library co-operates with teachers in many ways, lending books for class- room use and providing two study rooms for young essay writers and for those working on material for debates. There is also a lending collection of pictures patronized by teachers; by students of design; and, as to the portraits, by writers for the newspapers. From these examples, it will be seen that by following after and supplying the popular demand, the Silas Bronson Library has achieved a great increase in use- fulness and is committed to many new lines of activity. It has now, including school libraries and branches, nineteen outside agencies for the distribution of books and each of these is the nucleus for increasing usefulness. Twenty assistants are employed, though, a few years ago, seven sufficed. The new building in Library Park on Grand Street, was opened in 1894. The Children's Room was opened in 1898. Miss Helen Sperry was appointed librarian in 1906. The stack room was opened to the public in 1902. Books have been sent to the schools since 1903. The branches were established as follows : Waterville, 1907. South Waterbury, opened 1908; closed, 1912. Brooklyn, opened 1909. Rose Hill, opened 1913. There were in the library on January 1, 19 17, 100,345 books. The board of agents of the Bronson Library consists of twelve electors of the city, two of whom are elected at each biennial city election, to hold office for a period of twelve years from the fourth day of July next following their election. The board of agents of the Bronson Library are legally constituted agents of the City of Waterbury, with full power to collect, invest, expend, manage and control the Bronson Library Fund and the income therefrom, and to establish, regulate and manage the Bronson Library. Following are the officers : Martin Scully, president; Lewis A. Piatt, secretary; Otis S. Northrop, treas- urer; Helen Sperry, librarian. The board of agents at present is as follows : Charles H. Swenson, Mark L. Sperry, James E. Russell, Otis S. Northrop, John O'Neill, Terrence F. Carmody, John P. Kellogg, Francis P. Guilfoile, Lewis A. Piatt, Bernard A. Fitzpatrick, James S. Elton, Martin Scully. THE MATTATUCK HISTORICAL SOCIETY It appears from the brief record in the "History of Waterbury," by Dr. Joseph Anderson, that an historical society was projected by some of its citizens in 1875, "but the scheme did not take definite shape until 1877, the bicentennial of the settlement of the town, when special interest in local history was aroused." The origin of the society as related in the first entry in its records was as follows : "Upon an invitation signed by F. J. Kingsbury, Joseph Anderson, and H. F. Bassett, the following named gentlemen met at the rooms of the Waterbury WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 87 Scientific Society on the evening of December 22, 1877, for the organization of an historical society: F. J. Kingsbury, Rev. Joseph Anderson, Prof. Isaac |en- nings, E. L. Brown, S. W. Kellogg, George E. Terry, N. |. Welton, Anson G. Stocking, Rev. E. G. l'.eekwith. I). I)., Prof. M. S. Crosby, H. F. Bassett." The constitution adopted at that meeting gave as its purpose the collection and preservation "of whatever, in the opinion of its members, may serve to explain or illustrate the history, civil or ecclesiastical, the archaeology, or the natural history of the State of Connecticut, and especially the region originally included in the Town of Waterbury and formerly known as Mattatuck." There were twenty signers. In addition to those already mentioned, these were: Israel Holmes, D. L. Durand. David B. Hamilton, S. M. Terry, G. W. Tucker, S. B. Terry, Robert W. Hill, Fred A. Mason, Gideon L. Piatt, George W. Cook, C. M. Piatt, James O. Cook, Guernsey S. Parsons, George R. Welton, John O'Neill, Jr.. Israel Coe. Mr. Kingsbury was its first president and Geo. A. Tucker its first secretary. In May, 1896, a collection of stone implements, representing the American Indian, was shown at the Y. M. C. A. This was purchased by Elisha Leaven- worth and Cornelius Tracy, and placed on the upper floor of the Bronson Library. Mr. Leavenworth announced that he would provide for its proper housing in a new building, which was to be a museum in charge of the Historical Society. Later, for the purpose of officially receiving this and other like gifts, "The Mattatuck Historical Society" was incorporated, February 14, 1902, with the fol- lowing incorporators : Frederick J. Kingsbury, Joseph Anderson, Anna L. Ward, Katherine A. Prichard, David G. Porter, John G. Davenport and Charles L. Holmes. Its first officers after incorporation were : President, Frederick J. Kings- bury ; vice presidents, Joseph Anderson, Sarah J. Prichard ; treasurer, Charles L. Holmes ; secretary, Katherine A. Prichard ; directors, John G. Davenport, Anna L. Ward, David G. Porter. Beginning with the annual meeting of December 10, 1902, the organization met regularly on the second Monday of March, June, October and December. Before it had its own building, these meetings were held in the conference room of the First Church, and from October, 1907, to June, 1910, at the home of President Kingsbury. On June 8, 1904, the society received from Elisha Leavenworth a gift of x$to.ooo, and on October 10, 1007, he purchased and presented to the society the ethnological and archaeological library collected by Dr. Joseph Anderson. This consisted of several thousand books and pamphlets relating to the races of men, the stone age in Europe and America, and the American Indian. The death of President Kingsbury occurred September 30, 1910, and Dr. Joseph Anderson succeeded him at the following annual meeting in December, 19 10. By the will of Elisha Leavenworth, who died January 6, 191 1, the society was bequeathed ample funds with which to purchase its own home. On June 14. 191 1, therefore, the first meeting was held in what had been known as the Ludington Place on West Main Street, and which had been purchased for $co,ooo. Later in this year the society purchased the ground adjoining it, on Kendrick Street, 26J/2 by TT2 feet, and in 1912 erected the present Museum Building, which is 50 feet wide and 62 feet long. This building 1 , by Architects Gripes and Hunt, of Waterbury, is connected with the house fronting on West Main Street by a broad hall and marble steps. It is three stories in height, with an auditorium on the top floor, which has been regularly used since 1912 for the six successive picture exhibitions of the society. The main floor and a large part of the first floor are set apart for museum purposes. 88 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The basement at the present time is devoted to those articles which have not as yet been placed on exhibition, or which are too large to permit of their occu- pying space in the main museum. Among the articles to be found there are a carpet loom which was built into a house on Hunter Mountain, Naugatuck, and which had to be taken to pieces to be removed from its former home to its present position : also the first carriage ever seen in Waterbury. On the top floor is the lecture hall of the society. This is fitted with proper lighting apparatus for a picture gallery. The first painting received toward a permanent collection is "A Road Near the Sea," by William Langsen Lathrop. But the room in which much interest centers is the museum occupying the main floor of the building. In this there are twenty-one cases, sixteen arranged in rows on either side of the room, twelve being table cases, four table and wall cases combined, and the other five being centrally placed. The wall cases, which occupy the space at the further end of the hall, are memorial cases dedicated to Col. Jonathan Baldwin, Miss Sarah J. Prichard, Bennet Bronson and Deacon Aaron Benedict. These were presented by Miss Katherine L. Peck, Miss Katherine A. Prichard, J. Hobart Bronson and Mrs. Gilman C. Hill. Since 1914, three memorial cases have been added, the gifts of the Kingsbury family, the descendants of Wm. H. Scovill and the Henry W. Scovills. The late Doctor Anderson so skillfully arranged the exhibition that in passing down the east side of the room, the visitor sees first relics from ancient Babylonia and Assyria, then comes the neolithic collection, mostly from Denmark, followed by the American prehistoric collection arranged geographically. The modern American Indian collection presents a pleasing contrast to that of the prehistoric collection. The part played by the white man in American history is represented by a collection of wonderful laces, silk garments, lace collars, traveling bags, together with autographs and documents of various sorts, — the niceties of the white man's civilization which he early introduced into the rough country he had chosen for his new home. The cases along the west side of the room are devoted mostly to the collection of Revolutinary and Civil war relics, a miscellaneous collection of Waterbury and other relics, a miscellaneous collection of shells and the mineralogical collection which has been loaned by the Bronson Library. Several of the collections either have been donated or loaned by Waterbury people who have a deep interest in historical Waterbury. The prehistoric col- lection from Nova Scotia was given by W. W. Holmes, the Prince Edward Island collection by H. W. Hayden ; the ethnological collection of modern Indians by H. H. Peck, the modern Indian industry collection by Cornelius Tracy, the Hayden collection of modern Indian industry by Mrs. Shirley Fulton, the Bienstadt col- lection of modern Indian industry by Miss Caroline Piatt, the collection of old laces by the Misses Kingsbury, the lace and shawl collection by Miss Katherine A. Prichard, and several other collections, including the Cowles collection of pistols and the Peck collection of swords are to be found there. The Babylonian and Assyrian tablets are of various ages, from the most remote period down to the time of Darius. They contain records of prayers and hymns, astrological notes, omens, lists of sacrifices, wills, contracts, sales of lands, receipts for loans, legal proceedings, with many other commercial and religious matters. Some of them bear their exact date. The paleolithic collection, which is next in order, includes some of the oldest known implements. Most of these are from France, the collection of French polished stone and flint implements found near Amiens and the Chellean imple- ments taken from the gravel of the River Somme, the site where many remark- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 89 able chipped hand implements have been found, being examples of what this part of the collection has to offer. The neolithic collection is made up mostly of Danish implements of much superior quality to the paleolithic collection. Celts, polished and unpolished, stone axes and gouges, flint axes, chipped spears, and knives and perfected axes tell the story of human progress. The American prehistoric collection, that gathered largely by Doctor Ander- son, occupies five entire cases and in this all parts of the United States are rep- resented. The Nova Scotia collection, the gift of W. W. Holmes, and the Prince Edward Island collection, the gift of H. W. Hayden, are followed by the Maine collection, which was the result of the explorations of W. K. Moorehead. The New Hamp- shire and Vermont collection of arrow heads, stone and iron axes, celts, medals, pipes, etc. About the same things are to be found in the collections from Massa- chusetts and Rhode Island. The Connecticut collection, which is quite extensive, is arranged according to the various divisions of the state. The eastern division includes such towns and cities as Sterling, Stonington, Putnam, Mystic and Jewett City. In the central division are East Hartford, Torrington. Windsor Hill. Then comes a division which includes the vicinity about New Haven, and last is the division included in the vicinity about Waterbury. From the New Haven vicinity, especially from West Haven and Woodmont, the home of Doctor Anderson, are many arrow- heads broken in the making. More abundant than arrowheads are these so-called "rejects," the failures in arrow making. They are stones which proved too obdurate to work. Besides containing the usual Indian relics, the collection from the vicinity about Waterbury includes pieces of wood taken from a considerable depth and bearing the marks of having been cut with some blunt instrument. The depth at which they were found, and also the fact that they are petrified, shows that they were cut and buried centuries ago. The collection from the other states of the Union include numerous articles of interest. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, the gulf states, Tennessee, Ken- tucky, the Ohio River Valley states, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Oklahoma, the Rocky Mountain states, — in short, every part of the Union has contributed something toward the American prehistoric collection now in the museum of the Mattatuck Historical Society. The various sections of the country have contributed articles of various types. The South has furnished many articles in the pottery line, the western states have furnished large and heavy stone articles. From Oregon the collection of chipped implements and orna- ments of jasper, agate, carnelian, is one of the most beautiful Indian collections in existence. This is the gift of Irving IT. Chase. At the southern end of the museum are the combined table and wall cases. In the first part of the wall cases is exhibited the portrait of Col. Jacob Kingsbury, a member of the Society of Cincinnati. This portrait was painted by Waldo about 1810, and, together with the certificate of membership in that society, was loaned by the Misses Kingsbury. The lace collection, including specimens of old Spanish blonde of the seventeenth century. Point de Milan of the eighteenth century, Flemish pillow lace, also of the eighteenth century, and Point d'Alenqon of the seventeenth century, was also loaned by the Misses Kingsbury, and occupies one of the table cases. Of much interest is the case of old deeds, Indian deeds relating to the settle- ment of Mattatuck, proprietors' records, etc., a note book belonging to Rev. John 90 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Southmayd when at Harvard College, in 1694, being of special value. Here also are the ear bones of Rev. John Southmayd, preserved in a tiny bottle. The Hayden collection, the gift of Mrs. Shirley Fulton in memory of her father, contains many fine specimens of modern Indian industry. This collection occupies two cases. Across the aisle from this is the Bienstadt collection, the gift of Miss Caroline Piatt. Miss Katherine A. Prichard has loaned various family heirlooms, including the wedding veil worn by her mother in 1827, and also a beautifully embroidered silk shawl. An idea of the dress of the early American women is given by two calashes, which were worn by elderly women over their caps, and traveling bags, one of which was embroidered in 1838 by Cornelia M. Johnson. These articles have been loaned by Mrs. G. C. Hill. Some valuable autographs, various old publica- tions, early bank bills and a few miscellaneous articles complete the exhibition contained in the memorial cases. These were all loaned by Mrs. Gilman C. Hill. The Revolutionary and Civil war relics, including bayonets, swords, revolvers, pistols, cannon balls, canteens, irons, shells and the like, fill several cases. The valuable collection of pistols, assembled by Pierre C. Cowles, and the collection of rare swords, presented by H. H. Peck, follow in the cases next to the war relics. There are examples of stone heads, idols and pottery from Mexico ,->nd Central America, and weapons, pipes and other modern Indian articles presented by H. H. Peck. The Cornelius Tracy collection of specimens pertaining to modem Indian industry offers many interesting examples. In the miscellaneous collection, there are several articles of close and deep association to Waterbury people. Among these are the latches from the doors of St. John's Church, built in 1797, wrought iron nails from th<= Hiram Upson house in Platts Mills, old tallow candle dips, a collection of historic and political medals, all of deep interest locally. In 19 1 6 James Terry of New Haven and Hartford loaned the society his valu- able Washington collection. This contains, among other articles, the banouet table used by Washington to entertain his officers after the Battle of Yorktown. It was bought in 1775 from the Fairfax family and taken to Mount Vernon. There are also in the collection the sideboard, breakfast table and a porch chair from Mount Vernon, many broadsides and a considerable quantity of valuable porcelain. The collection also contains a Thomas Jefferson chair, used by that statesman at Monticello. A tablet was erected in 1916 at Sled Haul Brook on the cemetery road in memory of the first Waterbury settlers. The tablet to Elisha Leavenworth was placed in the Historical Society Build ing in 1917. On November 7, 191 7, the society numbered 960 active members. The honor- ary membership list is as follows : Henry Bronson, M. D., New Haven, from June 3, 1878, until his death, November 26, 1803. Horace Hotchkiss, Plainfield, New Jersey, from June 3, 1878, until his death, March 9, 1879. Elisha Leavenworth, from December 10, 1902, until his death, January 6. 191 t. Franklin Carter, LL. D., Williamstown, Mass., elected December 14, 1910. Katherine A. Prichard, elected January 24, 191 2. Constance G. DuBois, elected October 8, 1913. The income of the Society, apart from fees paid on admission to membership and the annual dues, is derived almost entirely from the Leavenworth bequest. The gift of $to,ooo, conveyed to the society in 1904, had at the time of his death increased to $15,000. He left by his will $40,000 for the purchase of the land and WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 91 the house which the Society now occupies, and $50,000 for income, and also made the Society one of the first residuary legatees. The total bequest is placed at about $175,000. The present officers of the Society are as follows: President, Arthur Reed Kimball ; vice presidents, John Prince Elton, Mark Leavenworth Sperry ; secre- tary, Henry Lincoln Rowland; treasurer, Charles Leland Holmes; curator, Walter Wetmore Holmes; assistant 'secretary, Lucy Peck Bush; assistant treasurer, C. Sanford Bull; assistant curator, Lucy Peck Bush; assistant, Catherine W. Pierce. Annual directors: Arthur Reed Kimball, John Prince Elton. Henry Lincoln Rowland, Carl Eugene Munger, Charles Leland Holmes. Permanent directors: To serve until January, 1919, Charles F. Chapin and Frederick G. Mason; to serve until January, 1920, Mark L. Sperry and Hugh L. Thompson; to serve until January, 1921, Harris Whittemore; to serve until January, 1922, Robert F. Griggs and Nathaniel R. Bronson ; to serve until Janu- ary, 1923, Wallace H. Camp and Frederick S. Chase. The membership committee consists of : Frederick G. Mason, chairman ; Wal- lace H. Camp, Katherine D. Hamilton, Merritt Heminway, Walter Makepeace, Almira C. Twining. House committee : Frederick S. Chase, chairman ; Martha R. Driggs, Alice E. Kingsbury, Hugh L. Thompson, Cornelius Tracy. Meetings committee : Arthur Reed Kimball, chairman ; Mrs. Frederick S. Chase, Charles A. Dinsmore, John P. Elton, Edith D. Kingsbury, Mary B. Bur- rail, Harris Whittemore. Museum committee : Walter W. Holmes, chairman ; George A. Goss, Cather- ine H. Grigsrs, Alice E. Kingsbury, Katherine L. Peck, Mrs. Walter D. Make- peace, Mrs. Nelson A. Pomeroy, Mrs. Augustin A. Crane. Memorial committee : Edwin S. Hunt, chairman ; Mrs. William F. Chatfield, Darragh DeLancey, Florentine H. Hayden, Katherine A. Prichard, Anna L. Ward.' Finance committee : Robert F. Griggs, Henry L. Rowland. CHAPTER VII TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION THREE NOTABLE INDUSTRIAL TRIUMPHS ELIMINATION OF GRADE CROSSINGS EREC- TION OF THE UNION DEPOT — DOUBLE-TRACKING THE ROADS ENTERING WATERBURY COST OF IMPROVEMENTS MADE IN A DECADE IN WATERBURY's TERMINALS RAMIFICATION OF THE TROLLEY SYSTEM ITS GROWTH FROM HORSE CAR LINE TO THE NETWORK OF PRESENT EXTENSIONS THE GREEN LINE TELEGRAPH, TELE- PHONE AND EXPRESS. In the quarter century which is now ending, Waterbury has won by consistent agitation, by many cheerfully-made concessions, and in several instances by appeals to the State Railroad Commission, to the Public Utilities Board, and to the courts, three notable industrial triumphs. These are the complete elimination of all railroad grade crossings, the build- ing of a new Union Station with vastly increased yard facilities, and the double- tracking of the railroad lines entering the city. The agitation for a Union Station began in 1889. This was a demand not only for the station, but for the elimination of all grade crossings and separation of grades on the Naugatuck Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Road. In 1893 an agreement was reached by which the railroad consented to the construction of "a wooden depot to cost $25,000." Such was the beginning and such the first concession made to the persistent appeals of Waterbury's citizens. At that time, 1893, the act covering the abolition of grade crossings had been in effect four years, and Waterbury was on the alert to secure its share of these improvements, for the new law required a reduction of at least one grade cross- ing each year for every sixty miles of road owned or operated within the state. In 1909, twenty years after the passage of the act, there remained only six cross- ings at grade between Naugatuck Junction and Waterbury. Of these, three were in Milford, two in Derby and Ansonia, and one in Naugatuck. When this work was completed in 191 1, it was asserted by the state officers that the im- provements ordered by this law on elimination of grade crossings had cost the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad $7,725,304. In 1898 the city won its first great victory in this contest. The State Rail- road Commission, in its report for that year, states that "Bank Street, which formerly crossed the railroad at grade, has been carried under it, in accordance with a decree of the Superior Court, dated November 14, 1888, made on an appeal from an order of the State Railroad Commission. This eliminates the most dangerous grade in the city." This refers to Bank Street at its entrance into the Brooklyn district. The victory, which took ten years to gain, had an immediate influence in effecting a further agreement between the city and the railroad. In that year, 1898, the upper Waterville Road, leading from Waterbury to Waterville, was carried under the railroad. The City of Waterbury paid one-half the expense 92 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 93 of the change, the highway having heen built since the location and construction of the railroad. The trolley catastrophe of November 29, 1907, was a terrible demonstration of the necessity of the elimination of grade crossings. An Oakville bound trolley car was completely wrecked by a north-bound freight at the West Main Street car crossing over the tracks of the 1 [ighland and Naugatuck Division. Five were killed and twenty-four injured in this wreck. The responsibility for this disaster was placed on the employees of both the trolley company and the railroads. In October, 1899. the company and the city agreed on increased protection at the West Main and Porter Street crossings. Guarded gates were eventually placed, both at the point where West Main Street crosses the tracks of the Nauga- tuck Division and at the point where Porter Street crosses the Highland Division. In 1902, the work of double-tracking the road into Waterbury began. This task had been completed to a point south of Derby Junction and was now under- taken for the stretch of road from Derby to Waterbury. On September 16, 1904, the railroad, at the urgent solicitation of city officers, began the construction of the viaduct over the Upper Waterville Road at Waterville, thus removing a dangerous crossing. In 1906 began the work of double-tracking the stretch of road between Waterbury and Bristol. In 191 1 this work was completed. It involved the elimination of all grade crossings between Waterbury and Bristol, the straight- ening of the line, the construction of a tunnel 3,500 feet long, and the forming of a continuous double track line between Hartford and Waterbury. Now. too. came the period of heavier engines and heavier traffic, and a change in the construction of railroad bridges was imperative. By 1910, practically all the wooden bridges on the Naugatuck and Highland divisions had been replaced by steel or thoroughly strengthened. This was no small task, for there were thirty-two of these wooden bridges between Waterbury and Meriden alone. This is all steel construction now. In 1910, the steel bridge built over the Potatuck River, near Sandy Hook Station, replaced the last wooden bridge existing on the Highland Division west of Waterbury. In its report of 1909 on the Union Station improvements, the State Railroad Commission said : "The Union Passenger Station of Waterbury has been erected at a cost of $332,000. The expenditure for other improvements in the city of Waterbury, including the new freight houses, freight yards, additional tracks, elimination of crossings, purchase of property, etc., up to June 30, 1909, amounted to $1,623,000, and it is estimated that $150,000 more will be needed to complete the improvements. The total expense will go over $2,000,000." For the past three years the improvements made by the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad have been largely in the line of extending the yards, and in the building of industrial trackage. During the war period, — three years, — the road has built approximately seven miles of sidings in Waterbury. Fully two miles were constructed for Scovill's, a mile for the Chase W'orks, and fully half a mile for the American Brass Com- pany. The extensions to the yards have increased the facilities so that five hun- dred additional cars can be accommodated. But the tremendous freight business of the past three years has necessitated many improvements along the line- leading to Waterbury, in the way of running side tracks, of extending yards at outlying points, of further strengthening bridges to carry increased weight of engines. The merging of the various railroads entering Waterbury into the New York, 94 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY New Haven & Hartford Railroad was nearly complete in 1893. In May, 1887, the Naugatuck Railroad was leased for ninety-nine years to the New Haven system at $200,000 a year. In 1875 it had bought the Watertown line from its trustees. The New York and New England Railroad was a union of many railroad companies, which were made a part of one corporation on April 17, 1873. It owned or leased the Boston, Hartford and Erie Road, the Norwich and Worcester Railroad, a line of steamers running from Norwich and New London to New York, and the Hartford, Providence and Fishkill Road. In 1881, it opened the line from Waterbury to Danbury, and in 1882 the line from Danbury to Fish- kill. It also acquired the railroad running from Hartford to Springfield with its branches. Early in 1887 construction of a railroad between Waterbury and the Con- necticut River, by way of Meriden, was begun. On July 4, 1888, this was opened. In January, 1889, the railroad had been completed across the city to the New York and New England line. In 1892 the road passed into the temporary control of the New York and New England Railroad Company, but merely on a lease. When the Meriden Road bonds became due, its operation was stopped and foreclosure followed. Judge A. Heaton Robertson, of New Haven, purchased it for $100,000 in 1896. In 1897 Judge Robertson pledged himself to the Legis- lature that he would resume operations before the next session of the Legislature. On November 3d, he incorporated it as the Middletown, Meriden & Waterbury Railroad. The officers were : President, A. Heaton Robertson ; secretary, John B. Robertson, of New Haven; treasurer, A. Heaton Robertson; directors, Fred- erick C. Wagner, Henry C. Ely, Wm. H. Clark, all of New York; John L. Billard, Charles L. Rockwell, H. L. B. Pond, all of Meriden ; Frederick J. Kings- bury, of Waterbury, and the officers above named. It was officially re-opened on December 6, 1898, the New Haven road operating it. This arrangement was later extended and the New Haven road secured control of the line. In 1904 a connection was made with the Northampton Division, near Cheshire, resulting in the "Cheshire Loop" rail route between Waterbury and New Haven. The run was made in fifty minutes without change, as against an hour and a quarter with one change on the route via Derby, and there was a special round-trip rate of seventy cents, a considerable reduction. Consequently the "Cheshire Loop" became very popular, but with the opening of the Cheshire trolley to Mount Carmel, giving a through line to New Haven, business speedily fell off on the parallel rail route, which was soon abandoned. Thereafter the Meriden branch ran one mixed train of two cars daily each way between Waterbury and Meriden. In 1917, war conditions on railroads called for the discontinuance of this train as unnecessary. The service now is occasional and irregular. The Meriden branch was built primarily as a freight line to connect Water- bury and Meriden with tide water at the Connecticut River. While the hopes of its builders were never realized, the eastern end of the line has proved useful. It has been electrified between Meriden and Middletown and affords regular passenger and express service. On July 1, 1898, the New England Railroad passed into the hands of the New Haven Railroad, thus ending the only formidable competition the consoli- dated system ever had. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 95 THE NEW UNION STATION On July ii, 1909, the new Union Station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad was opened to the public. This, with its many improvements in the way of street openings, elimination of grade crossings hy the new viaduct and subway track service, was a tremendous advance over old conditions. Water- hury for years grumbled about the old Bank Street Station of the Naugatuck Division. This was the successor of the town's first depot, which was erected in 1857. The Bank Street building was opened on January 22, 1868, and was called '"palatial." It was closed to the public March 29, 1908, and has since been torn down and the site added to the property of the Waterbury Farrel Foundry and Machine Co., which has covered it with factory buildings. Temporarily the public was allowed to purchase tickets in a temporary wooden building near the West brass mill, off West Main Street, until the tracks were shifted and the junctions completed. The station is ample in its requirements for a city of more than 100,000 popu- lation. Large swinging doors, three in number, admit to the waiting-room from Meadow Street. This waiting-room is furnished with high-back mission style seats, the floor is of mosaic tiling, with arched ceilings of tapestry brick. The ticket office has three large windows with decorative brass scroll facings and marble counters. At the north end of the waiting-room are the women's reclining and toilet rooms, and the men's smoking room and toilets, and a large newsstand for the Connecticut News Co. The Western Union Telegraph Co. has the room at the south end of the waiting-room. Next comes a large restaurant, and beyond that a baggage-room. The Adams Express Co. is quartered at the north end of the building. The construction of the new depot and the street changes required to make effective the new approach had begun in 1906, and in this work the city co-oper- ated most heartily with the railway officials. Grand Street and Meadow Street were widened to make an impressive approach to the new station, and at their junction there was a fill of over fifteen feet, many hundreds of thousands of yards of material, being used. The city condemned a large number of buildings, some of the property acquired being used for street widening and station approaches and the remainder being added to the Bronson Library property, thus creating Library Park. Some of the structures torn down were the ramshackle buildings surrounding the Meadow Street Station of the old Highland Division, and these had long been a public eyesore. Others, however, were substantial and modern brick wholesale warehouses. The firms occupying these took advantage of the opportunity to construct new buildings in the West End, near the new elevated tracks. The passenger facilities thus provided have proved ample for the city's growth so far. The freight facilities were early outgrown. Track congestions, particularly in the winter season, caused great delays in the handling of freight, and the railroad company was repeatedly put on the defensive and made promise of further improvements. Its financial conditions caused these to be delayed until the greatly increased business due to war orders resulted in the autumn and winter of 1916 in a wholly intolerable freight blockade. As soon as spring came construction was started on the new freight yard and sidings which it is anticipated will serve the city for some years to come. When the Union Station was built, space was provided in the upper stories for railroad divisional headquarters and the staff of the Western division was 96 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY moved here. This lasted for awhile, but in a subsequent reorganization of the divisions, the trackage handled from Waterbury was cut down and the city became headquarters of the Highland Division, consisting of the Old Highland Division, the Xaugatuck Division and the Meriden branch. THE RAMIFICATIONS OF THE TROLLEY In 1893, when the Waterbury Traction Company, which from its inception in 1882 to that time, had been known as "The Waterbury Horse Railroad," asked for permission to change its motive power to electricity, there was a storm of protest. At Hartford, the State Railroad Commission was seriously interfering with the beginnings of this new mode of street travel. In fact, in its early reports, dated during this formative period, it absolutely refused to grant any electric road the right to cross the tracks of a steam road. The Waterbury Traction Company, however, submitted to the mayor and the Court of Common Council of Waterbury its plan for changing the motive power, and a committee of the Court of Common Council submitted a report recommending the granting of the application upon certain terms and conditions, including the following conditions : "Section 6. That said company shall indemnify and save harmless the said city from all loss, cost, damage or expense of every kind, nature or description by reason of the operation of its cars in the streets of said city arising or growing out of the use of electricity as a motive power. "Section 8. That said Waterbury Traction Company shall pay to the City of Waterbury, for the use of said city, in the month of January in each year a sum not exceeding two per cent of its gross receipts, to be determined as follows : — "The gross receipts for the purpose aforesaid, consist of all fares not exceed- ing five cents (and five cents of each and every fare exceeding five cents) and the City of Waterbury at some time during the month of January in each year shall examine the books of said company and thus ascertain and determine such gross receipts. "When and after such time as the net earnings of said company shall exceed the sum of six per cent on the capital actually invested in said company, in stocks or bonds, or both, said company shall pay to said city such excess to the amount of two per cent in the same manner aforesaid. "If at any time hereafter the statute laws of this state shall make said company liable to local taxation, the provisions of this section shall be null and void during such time as said company shall be liable to local taxation and no part of said receipts shall be paid to said city during such time by reason of anything herein contained." This permit is quoted in some detail here, as it later became an important issue in the city's contest for the collection of its two per cent of earnings. The capital of the new company was placed at $1,000,000. This stock increase prepared the way for the absorption of the Connecticut Electric Company and for the control of the electric lighting of the city. The power house for the new company was built on Bank Street, as an extension of the old electric station. Work began March 1, 1894. The first five electric cars were run July 28, 1894, from the Center to Naugatuck. The West Main Street line was opened with electric power August 3, 1894, the East Main Street line on August 22d, and the North Main Street line on September 1st. The first report of the street railway companies in Connecticut to the State • ftfJiiiiii WATERBURY UNION STATION AND APPROACHES FROM LIBRARY PARK WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 97 Railroad Commission was made in 1895. At that time there were in round numbers 300 miles of street railways within the state, with a stock and bonded debt of $17,700,000, gross earnings of $2,200,000, operating expenses of $1,500,000, paying taxes amounting to $76,500, carrying 38,000,000 passengers, with 250 accidents to persons, 12 of which were fatal. In 1910 there were 921 miles, with a reported capitalization and debt of $7< ),ooo,ooo, gross earnings over $8,000,000, operating expenses nearly $5,000,000, taxes $452,000, passengers carried 151,000,000, with 2,278 casualties to persons, 397 of which were fatal. This gives some conception of the tremendous growth of the trolley transportation in its first active fifteen years. In 1 9 16 the total mileage of single track road in Connecticut was 1,543.8. The total assets of all the street car lines in the state had reached on June 30, 1916, a total of $115,737,721.36. The passenger revenue for the year ending June 30, 1916, was $15,336,166.41, with a net operating revenue of $5,841,512.05; taxes to the state for the period, $971,753.53. The first officers of the Waterbury Traction Company were : D. S. Plume, president; J. E. Sewell, general manager; J. R. Smith, treasurer; A. M. Young, secretary. In the year ended September 30, 1895, the road earned $124,566.92, and expended $75,948.64, giving it net earnings of $48,618.28. It owned eighteen closed cars and twenty-six open cars, eight of the latter trailers. Its length was 9.15 miles. On September 30, 1896, it reported earnings for the year $137,273.69, and expenses $64,994.91. The electric light department's income for that year was $105,661.38. The road had seventy-five employees. It was selling tickets at four cents and ticket fares to Naugatuck at eight cents ; school children were carried for three cents. In 1897 it added the Waterville division and owned 12.18 miles of single main track. By 1899, the trolley business had come under the closer observation of the larger interests of the country and one of their first purchases was the Waterbury and Xorwalk systems. In June, 1899, the transfer was officially made to what was then known as the Connecticut Lighting and Power Company. Its president was R. A. Smith of New York. Its directors were R. A. Smith and W. F. Sheehan of New York, H. G. Runkle of Bloomfield, N. J., A. M. Young of Branford, Conn., and P. H. Hampson of Brooklyn, N. Y. Thus the Waterbury traction system passed out of local control in 1899. The company which made the purchase had been first incorporated on July 2, 1895, as the Gas Supply Company. On November 2, 1899, it changed its name to the Connecticut Lighting and Power Company, and on January 10, 1901, the name was again changed to the Connecticut Railway and Lighting Company. In 1902 this company began its fight for control of the Connecticut field with the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, which under the name of the Consolidated Company, was starting on its long line of trolley purchases. In that year the Connecticut Railway and Lighting Company pur- chased in addition to the Waterbury Traction Company, the Bridgeport Traction Company, the Shelton Street Railway Company, the Milford Street Railway Company, the Westport and Saugatuck Street Railway Company, the Derby Street Railway Company, the Norwalk Tramway Company, the Norwalk Street Railway Company, the Central Rrailway & Electric Company, the Greenwich Gas & Electric Lighting Company, the Naugatuck Flectric Light Company, and the Southington & Plantsville Tramway Company. Vol. 1—7 98 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Its first contest with the City of Waterbury came during this period when it applied to the selectmen for an approval of the extension from Oakville to VVatertown. The consent was given, but with it a proviso demanding the "removal of all embankments and abutments now situated on the highway under the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway; the erection of electric arc lights at those points, and the construction of a new and substantial iron bridge." This became a famous contest, in which the city was defeated, first of all by the decision of the state railroad commissioners, and finally in an adverse decision by the Supreme Court on an appeal by the company from a favorable decision in the lower courts. In 1902, the directors of the company were as follows : A. M. Young, Branford, Conn.; R. A. Smith, New York City; George E. Terry, Waterbury; Randall Morgan and Walton Clark, both of Philadelphia ; H. G. Runkle, Plain- field, N. J.; David S. Plume, Waterbury; W. G. Bryan, Waterbury; A. W. Paige, Bridgeport, and M. J- Warner, Branford, Conn. Beginning with 1902 reports were consolidated for its entire single main track length of 151.720 miles. • In 1904 the road from Waterbury to Cheshire and Mount Carmel was com- pleted and the mileage in Waterbury was also slightly extended. The work on the Baldwin Street line began in this year. On August 1, 1906, the entire holdings of the Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company were leased to the Consolidated Company, thus passing into the pos- session of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railway. At this time the total length of main track in Connecticut was 625.307 miles. Of this the two companies now consolidated controlled 440.419 miles. The Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company owns 170.987 miles of single track in Connecticut which is leased to and operated by the Connecticut Company under a sub-lease dated February 28, 1910, from the Consolidated Railway Company, by the provisions of which the Connecticut Company assumes all the obligations and undertakings as to street railways assumed by the Consolidated Railway Company under its lease of December 19, 1906, from the Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company. Both the original and the sub-lease expire August 1, 2005, the rent paid by the Connecticut Company being $1,049,563.50 for the year. The lessee received all the income and profits from the leased premises and in consideration thereof pays the rental and taxes and maintains the property in good order and repair. Two lines which were under construction in 1906, the Waterville and Thomas- ton line, and the Oakville and Watertown line, were completed in 1907 and became part of the new system. On December 19, 1910, the company started to extend the line to Town Plot from the junction of Bank and James streets, and in 1912 it opened the loop through Meadow Street passing the Union Station. In October, 1914, after the drastic action by the Government, the company and the Department of Justice agreed that the trolley properties among other holdings should be put into the hands of trustees for management and sale at the proper time. Under this and a previous order of court, the profits of the Connecticut Company are turned over to the New York, New Haven & Hartford in repayment for expenditures made out of its funds or as profits accruing from the trust holdings. In March, 1915, the dissolution had proceeded far enough so that the directors of the New York, New Haven & Hartford were able to inform the Public Service Commission of Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 99 that in compliance with the decree of the Federal Court, control of the Boston & Maine, the Rhode Island and Connecticut trolley lines had already been placed in the hands of trustees. It was stated by 1 'resident Hadley of Yale, when first made a director of the Xew York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, that the company had expended approximately ninety million dollars in the purchase of trolleys during the decade ended in [913. "As for the trolleys about which so much has been said in criticism, there was except in the Rhode Island and Berkshire enterprises, little that could be called recklessness." One of the most notable trials in the history of the country grew out of the Government's charge that the directors of the New York, New Haven & Hartford had conspired to monopolize the common carrier transportation of New England by acquiring and combining steam railroad, trolley lines and steamship companies. The trial lasted three months, ending January 9, 1916, in an acquittal of most of the defendant directors, and in a few instances in a disagreement. The trial is said to have cost the Government $200,000, and the defendant $575,000. Howard Elliott, now chairman of the board of directors, in a recent address at Norwich said that "there is enough value in the great terminals to offset losses that may be sustained in selling certain of its properties under the decree of the Federal Court." In October, 19 14, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York placed the trolley system of Connecticut in the hands of five trustees, with an order to dispose of these properties in two years. This time has now been further extended. The present trustees are as follows : Walter C. Noyes, New York, chairman ; Charles Cheney, South Manchester ; Leonard M. Daggett, New Haven; Morgan B. Brainard, Hartford; Charles T. Sanford, Bridgeport. For the year 1917, the trustees have deemed it wise to declare no dividend. Waterbury, in August, 1915, after defeat in the courts in its fight to collect the 2 per cent under the old written agreement with the Waterbury Traction Company, settled the case on the payment to the city of a lump sum of $75,000. In July, 1 91 7, the company announced that it would no longer sell trolley tickets at 4 cents on its Waterbury lines, and later that on October 1, 191 7, it would charge on all its lines 6 cents where cash fares of 5 cents had been collected previously. The effort to stop this by injunction failed, as there never had been a written agreement on rates, and the new fares are now in effect, although hearings are being held before the Public Utilities Board as to the right of the company to raise the rate. In 1899 a corporation known as the Woodbury & Southbury Electric Railway Company endeavored to secure the right to use the city streets for the operation of an electric line to suburban points, but this was never pressed to any practical end. It was, however, the occasion of a long contest with the existing trolley system. The trolley connection to Woodbury was not secured until 1908, when the line was run via Middlebury and past Lake Quassapaug, making this a great popular summer resort. For years the talk had been that the line to Woodbury would run through Watertown. Various plans to connect the terminus of the Watertown trolley line with Litchfield and Thomaston have been mooted, but never reached the practical stage. In 1916, the company completed and opened what is popularly known as the Chase trolley line, proceeding from North Main Street to Waterville via 100 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Perkins Avenue and connecting the North Main Street plants of the Chase inter- ests with the railroad tracks at Waterville and the Chase Metal Works north of Waterville. THE "GREEN" LINE In 1913, a small group of Waterbury and Southington men started the Water- bury and Milldale Tramway Company, better known as the "Green" line. This project had been under way for more than seven years, having originated among the business men of the Town of Southington, who desired closer connections with Waterbury. C. H. Clark, the bolt manufacturer of Southington, was the mainspring behind the project. An appeal being made to the Waterbury Business Men's Association for co-operation, several of the officers and directors of the association joined in the petition for the charter. Among them were John R. Hughes and John H. Cassidy, who was at that time secretary and counsel of the business men's association. They are still directors of the company and Mr. Cassidy is its managing director. The work proceeded slowly owing to the difficulties of construction and of securing capital, but finally the line was operated first to Mill Plain, then extended to Hitchcock Lakes, thus making another agreeable summer resort for Waterbury people, and finally to Milldale, making connections there with the Connecticut Company's lines to Meriden and Southington. By a traffic agreement the "Green" line uses the Connecticut Company's tracks in this city from the corner of East Main Street and the Meriden Road to the Center. The line extends from Waterbury to Milldale, a distance of 8^2 miles, and now operates six cars. Its general manager is John H. Cassidy, and its directors are : Charles H. Clark, Roswell A. Clark, Richard Elliott, John R. Hughes, and John H. Cassidy. EXPRESS COMPANIES The two companies operating in Waterbury under traffic arrangements with the New York, New Haven & Hartford System are the Adams Express Company and the American Express Company, both with offices and warehousing arrange- ments in the Union Station. The business of these companies after the introduction of the parcel post was run at first at a heavy loss, amounting in 1913 for the Adams in the State of Connecticut to $204,598.88, and for the American for the same period in the state to $281,892.44. There has now been a complete rehabilitation and adjustment to new condi- tions, and both companies are doing a profitable business in Waterbury. The trolley express, established in 1899, ' s one °f tne activities of the Connecticut Company. TELEGRAPH COMPANIES The two telegraph companies, the Western Union and the Postal Telegraph, have confined themselves during the past twenty-five years to keeping up with the growth of Waterbury. In the past three years alone the telegraph business in this city has doubled. The Western Union now has 120 wires, including trunk lines, running out of its Waterbury offices, while in 1893 ^ na d but three. It now employs fourteen clerks and operators, where three men did all the work WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 101 in 1893. J ts niost famous manager during this period was W. A. Sawyer, who is now district commercial superintendent with headquarters in New York. The present superintendent is A. C. Wardell. The Postal Telegraph Company has shown a similar growth. At the begin- ning of the twenty-five year period, it had but two wires; now it has twenty-five wires running out of the city. Its growth, too, has been continuous. Its present manager is Margaret M . Hunter. THE TELEPHONE IN CONNECTICUT It is now. at the end of 1917, forty years since the telephone was first com- mercially introduced into Connecticut on a then large scale. Since that time tremendous expansion of the service has placed the telephone in the forefront of the most serviceable public utilities. From the little exchange established in the City of New Haven in January, 1878, the business has grown with rapidity, until at the present time it is almost impossible to enter even the most remote farming communities, or sparsely settled districts in the state, without finding a telephone handy in the event it is needed. Pioneers in the telephone service in Connecticut agree that what were probable the first telephones brought into this state made their appearance in the City of Bridgeport in the latter part of June, 1877. These instruments were brought to that city for demonstration purposes, as the incident is remembered, and were presented to the directors of the Hartford Alarm Register Company, with which Thomas B. Doolittle of Pine Orchard, a pioneer telephone man and famous as the inventor of hard drawn copper wire, was identified. Mr. Doolittle was present at the meeting of the directors of the Register Com- pany when these telephones, four in number, were shown to the directors. He borrowed two of these old-time telephone sets and showed them to a number of his business friends in Bridgeport during the next few days. At that time the study of telegraphy was quite a fad among men of an inventive turn of mind and several of them, living in Bridgeport, were members of what was called the Bridgeport Social Telegraph Association. By means of this association, when one member wished to call another, he would sound that member's call and sign his own. The operator, hearing this, would so adjust the plugs in the switchboard that a connecting line was established between the calling and the called stations. In this way telegraphic communication could be established in much the same way as a telephone connection is made today. Brief experiments were carried on by members of the Social Telegraph Asso- ciation with the old telephone sets and it was proved that the telephone could be used on this system. The association, through its members, at once adopted the telephone in place of the telegraph. At this time tests were made from various stations in the association's service and conversations were sucessfully carried on as far out as Black Rock, about four miles from the operator's switchboard. All interest in the telegraph system was lost and Mr. Doolittle at once began soliciting subscribers for a telephone system. P. T. Barnum, of circus fame, was the first subscriber signed by Mr. Doolittle. A company had been formed in New England to lease instruments and plans were being made for using them at various points. W. H. Haywood, who was secretary of the Hartford Register Company, appplied for and secured the agency of the telephone in Fairfield and New Haven counties. Later Mr. Hay- wood secured the agency for Hartford and Litchfield counties. 102 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY With the development of the association's service in Bridgeport promising well, Mr. Doolittle went to New Haven with the object of interesting capital in that city in the project of establishing a similar association there. It was through Mr. Doolittle's efforts that the New Haven District Telephone Company was formed and the preliminaries to the opening of the first commercially oper- ated telephone exchange were carried out. But, telephone history shows, Mr. Doolittle was left out of this business arrangement. David S. Plume of Waterbury played a prominent part in the advancement of telephony in this state. He was a close friend of Mr. Doolittle and had often tried to persuade the latter to devote his attention to manufacturing rather than to the development of the telephone, which was not then regarded as a safe and sound business enterprise. Finally Mr. Plume sensed the great possibilities of the telephone and provided financial backing for some of the work Mr. Doolittle then had in mind. In November, 1877, a telephone line was built connecting the mill and offices of the Ansonia Brass and Copper Company. These works adjoined those of Wallace & Sons, who were also manufacturers of copper wire. Mr. Doolittle was associated with this enterprise and it was in this work that he acquired his knowledge of wire drawing which led, some time later, to his invention of hard drawn copper wire which made possible the modern long distance telephone service. At this time Mr. Doolittle was getting along well in the plans for an exchange in Bridgeport. Then the Western Lmion Telegraph Company entered the tele- phone field and seemed to direct all its energies toward upsetting Mr. Doolittle's business plans in that city. It is reliably recorded that Mr. Doolittle was beset by many difficulties, financial and otherwise, in his efforts to put through his plans. One hard blow at Mr. Doolittle came through William D. Bishop of Bridgeport, then president of the New Haven Railroad. He ordered all of the telephones furnished by Mr. Doolittle taken out of the railroad, steamboat and express offices. Mr. Bishop, by the way, was a member of the board of directors of the Western Union Telegraph Company at that time. The first commercial telephone exchange in the world was opened in New Haven, January 28, 1878, and the switchboard was located in the Boardman Building, still standing at State and Chapel streets. A little later an exchange was opened in Meriden and the switchboard used there was supposed to be an exact duplicate of the one used in New Haven. By February 28, 1878, the ex- change in New Haven had grown so that there were fifty subscribers connected therewith and a list of these subscribers was prepared and printed, this being the first telephone directory in the world. The early exchanges were naturally far different from the marvelously equipped central offices of the present day. The apparatus was crude and the boy operators not only were untrained, but the quality of their work was lowered by their desire to experiment with the apparatus which was a great novelty to them. With the New Haven and the Meriden exchanges operating successfully, the Bridgeport exchange was soon opened by Mr. Doolittle. Ellis B. Baker, for many years with the Southern New England Telephone Company, was the man chiefly instrumental in establishing the exchange at Meriden. At that time Mr. Baker was but twenty- four years of age. With these three exchanges finally established and with telephony recognized as a modern aid to all business enterprises, it was not long before an exchange was established and in working order in the City of Waterbury. This was the period of telephone infancy, to be sure, but for an infant it displayed remarkable WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 103 facilities for proving its real service to the people, in consequence of which, exchanges were within a few years opened in practically all of the larger cities of the state. Today every city, town, village and hamlet and the obscure places in the backwoods of this and every other state are now accorded telephone service. The first Waterbury office was located in a building in Phoenix Avenue, the second home being in a building in North Main Street. From there the Waterbury office was moved to the old site of the Manufacturers' National Bank and then to the Masonic Building in Bank Street. Later the office was located at 282 Bank Street, this being the first central office building the Southern New England Company built in Waterbury. It moved into its new building on Leavenworth Street in 1914. From a short list of subscribers, 468 on September 1, 1894, the Waterbury office is now serving about 8,000 telephones in Waterbury, which is practically one telephone for every twelve persons in the city. In the past eighteen months the growth of business at the Waterbury exchange has been remarkably heavy. The number of local calls originating in Waterbury is shown by the peg count for October, 191 7, to be 41,000 a day. The outgoing toll calls average about 1,500 each day. This shows an hourly rate of about t,8oo calls every hour each of the twenty-four hours. It must be borne in mind, however, that during the night this rate is far from being reached, while in the rush hours of a business day, when the traffic load is the heaviest, the hourly rate of calls is far in excess of 1,800. The number of telephones in Waterbury has increased more than 1,500 in the past eighteen months and the outlook is for a continuation of this heavy demand for service at this exchange. A model and modern central office, equipped with the very last word in switchboard apparatus and with nearly double the number of telephone operators employed there two years ago, has been built and occupied. It has taxed the facilities of the company to meet satisfactorily the service demands in Waterbury, and that this has been done is a forceful testimonial to the wise forethought of the directing heads of the telephone company. The process of placing telephone wires underground in iron conduits lined with cement and laid on cement began in Waterbury in 1894. The following is the record of total telephone installations September 1, 191 7, in what is known as the Waterbury district : Canaan 457 Cornwall 166 Lakeville 4 21 Litchfield 737 Xaugatuck 1,398 Norfolk 349 Thomaston 479 Torrington 2,161 Waterbury 8,163 Watertown .- 5 r 7 Winsted 1,597 Total i6,445 GEORGE WELLS BEACH George Wells Beach, late president of the Manufacturers' National Bank, ex- superintendent of the Naugatuck Railroad, president of the S. Y. Beach Paper 104 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Company, of the Manufacturers' Foundry Company, and in many other capacities, one of the foremost citizens of Waterbury, was born in Humphreysville (now Seymour), New Haven County, Connecticut, August 18, 1833. At seventeen he became a railroad clerk in the Seymour office of the company and it was soon proved that he was to succeed in the railroad business. The fol- lowing year, 1851, he was promoted to the position of second clerk in the Water- bury office. From time to time he was sent to different posts, where there was special need of a responsible person, and in this way he gained wide experience with railroad work. In 1855 he was made agent in the Naugatuck Station, in 1857 a conductor, and was also put in charge of the general ticket agency. In 1861 he became the agent at Waterbury and remained in this office for several years. At the death of Charles Waterbury, in 1868, Mr. Beach was made superintendent in his place. From 1868 to 1887 he was superintendent of the Naugatuck Railroad, and, on the lease of that road, in 1887, to the New York, New Haven & Hartford Road, was appointed division superintendent and filled this resposible position continuously until he retired in 1902. After 1880 he was successively director, vice president and president of the Manufacturers' National Bank of Waterbury, and from 1871 to 1885 he was a director in the Watertown and Waterbury Railroad. He was an incorporator of the Waterbury Hospital, and one of the executive committee for fourteen years, and president of the American Society of Railroad Superintendents for three years. On his retiring in 1902, after serving as superintendent of the Naugatuck Division, he made a round trip over the railroad, bidding good-bye to the hundreds of men who had served under him, all of whom were known to him personally. The High Rock Grove summer resort was his idea, and he was the first to use kerosene oil for lighting of passenger cars. This was in i860. The valuable Arctic rubber shoe was first manufactured upon his suggestion. In civil, political and ecclesiastical offices, Mr. Beach was as active as he was in his business capacities, often supplying pulpits in case of illness of pastors. He was justice, town clerk, a member of the board of education, member of the State Legislature (1870-71), postmaster of Waterbury in 1867, a deacon in the First Congregational Church of Waterbury (1873-1906), a promoter of the Christian Commission for the Civil war, and of the Waterbury Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation, of which he was president for four different terms. He was a member of the Waterbury Club. Mr. Beach was twice married, in 1855 to Sarah Upson of Seymour, who died in January. 1882, and by whom he had two sons. The senior, Henry D., was the signal engineer of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, the junior, Edward W., is a manager of the Manufacturers' Foundry Company of Waterbury. The second marriage was in 1883 to Mrs. Sarah A. Blackall. His home was at 29 Cliff Street, Waterbury. He died March 2, 1906. When Mr. Beach retired from the New Haven Road in 1902, his position as superintendent was taken by J. P. Hopson. C. S. Lake and R. D. Fitzmaurice later succeeded to the position, the latter leaving in 1914, when the present super- intendent, Mahlon D. Miller, was appointed. MAHLON D. MILLER Mahlon D. Miller, at present superintendent of the Highland Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Road, with headquarters at Waterbury, was born in Pennsylvania and had his first railroading experience in the coal fields of that state. Later he went to the New York & New England Road, starting as WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 105 telegraph operator, then becoming train dispatcher. With headquarters at Provi- dence and New London, he was later made train dispatcher-in-chief, and train- master for the New Haven Road. In June, 1914, he was appointed superintendent with headquarters at Waterbury. ALDEN M. YOUNG Alden M. Young, the first secretary and general manager of the Waterbury Traction Company, was closely identified with the history of the electric lighting and electric railway business of Waterbury. He was associated with D. S. Plume, E. T. Turner, and A. O. Shepardson in the electric companies which were first organized in 1888. He remained with the Connecticut Railway & Power Company, becoming its president in 1901 and removing to New York. He was also president of the New England Engineering Company of Waterbury. He was the first superintendent and manager of the telephone system in Waterbury, known in its beginnings as the Automatic Signal Telegraph Company, which was organized May 2, 1878. He was the inventor of an electric battery which did much to revolu- tionize the electric business. Mr. Young died at his New York home, December 3. 1911- OTHER TROLLEY SYSTEM MANAGERS The first manager of the street car system of Waterbury was Arthur O. Shep- ardson, who was closely identified with Mr. Turner, Mr. Plume and Mr. Young in all their electric lighting and power enterprises. He remained as general manager until 1894, when J. E. Sewell succeeded him. Mr. Sewell was in charge of the practical end of the traction company's business until 1907, when the first steps for the sale to the Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company were taken. The management then was placed in the hands of J. K. Punderford, who is still vice president and general manager of the trolley system with headquarters at New Haven. Mr. Sewell later became manager of the Shore Line trolleys operating in Eastern Connecticut. The first superintendent of the Waterbury Horse Car Company was Edward A. Bradley. When the motive power was changed, M. E. Stark became superin- tendent and remained until 1899, when the present superintendent, Herbert L. Wales, was appointed. Herbert L. Wales, the present superintendent of the trolley system in Water- bury, first came to the company in 1894 as foreman of the repair shop. His first experience with the trolley was in Portland, Oregon, where he was employed in 1889 on the first electric street car line established in that city. In 1891 he went to Denver and was in the employ of the Edison General Company. Later he was employed on electric lines in Boston, Bangor, Maine, and Windsor, Conn., coming to Waterbury in 1894. WATERBURY'S TELEPHONE MANAGERS W. X. Sperry became manager of the telephone company in 1891, when the work was still experimental, and it was his skill that brought it out of its many early troubles. He remained with the company until 1905. In that year he was succeeded by j. D. Yeitch, who remained until 1910. G. F. Kirkham, who suc- ceeded him, was in office but a few months. W. F. Harper was manager from 1910 to 1913. when his career was suddenly terminated by death in the trolley wreck of 106 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY that year. R. E. Gerth, who succeeded to the post, remained until July 2, 1917, when the present manager, H. G. Davis, took charge. Henry G. Davis, present manager of the Southern New England Telephone Company, was born in Hartford in 1885. His first connection with the telephone company was as contract agent at Hartford in 1910. He was later made district control agent for Hartford, and then became special commercial agent for the Hartford and Waterbury districts. On July 2, 1917, he became manager of the Waterbury office. CHAPTER VIII THE PROTESTANT CHURCHES OF WATERBURY, 1892-1917 THE FIRST CHURCH THE SECOND, THIRD AND HUNKER HILL CHURCH, CONGREGA- TIONAL ITALIAN CONGREGATIONAL ST. JOHN'S AND TRINITY EPISCOPAL ST. PAUL'S, WATERVILLE FIRST M . K., GRACE, ST. PAUL'S, SOUTH AND WEST SIDE HILL M. E. FIRST, SECOND AND GRACE BAPTIST — -GERMAN AND SWEDISH LUTHERAN CHURCHES ADVENT CHRISTIAN BUCK'S HILL, UNION, WATERVILLE CHAPELS. The Protestant churches of Waterbury have kept pace with the growth of the community during the past quarter of a century, meeting its moral and spiritual needs with a strengthening of old organizations and an infusion of new religious bodies. This is true of practically every denomination, and it applies as well to the neighborhoods where the lack of numbers was met by union organizations, all of which are prospering and spreading the influence of the gospel in their limited circles. This short period of time has witnessed the dedication of several of the largest Protestant churches in the city, including the magnificent house of worship on West Mam Street occupied by the Second Congregational Church. This was dedi- cated in June, 1898. In January of the same year the Third Congregational Church, on Washington Avenue, was opened for worship. In October, 191 7, the First Baptist Church opened its fine house of worship on Grove Street. In the review which follows, it will be interesting to note the great number of smaller churches which have risen to meet local needs in Waterbury, and the territory immediately tributary. The immediate future promises the erection of several additional houses of worship, the funds in several instances being on hand and awaiting only more favorable building conditions. THE FIRST CHURCH, CONGREGATIONAL The First Church, Congregational, of W r aterbury, which was founded in 1691, 225 years ago, and which is the mother church to practically all of the surround- ing Congregational churches, has had its notable history written by its late pastor, Rev. Joseph Anderson, D. D., covering the period up to 1896. Doctor Anderson remained interested in the work of the church until his death, August 18, 1916. He resigned the active pastorate in February, 1905, after forty years of service, but remained as pastor emeritus until his death. During this period his energies were largely given to literary work, although he supplied the pulpit in the absence of the pastor, and took a deep interest in the work of the church, attending services regularly until illness made this impossible. Among the many tributes paid the late Doctor Anderson, the following from the eulogy by his successor, Rev. Charles A. Dinsmore, D. D., gives fitting testi- mony to the extent of his learning and the scope of his activities: "His mind re- acted in the presence of nearly every subject of thought. Nothing in heaven or earth seemed uninteresting to him. His eager mind ranged easily over an incredible number of fields of knowledge, — Indian lore. New England history, the cutting 107 108 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY of gems, the structure of a sonnet, oriental antiquities, Greek philosophy, the Cal- vinistic theology, — upon them all he could converse with precise information and lively interest." As a writer, Doctor Anderson is perhaps most widely known through the "History of the Town and City of Waterbury," of which he wrote so great a part. In 1892 the First Church had a membership of 427. In September, 19 17, this membership was 570. Its pastor is Rev. Charles A. Dinsmore, D. D., who suc- ceeded Doctor Anderson January 25, 1895. He came from Phillips Church, of South Boston. Rev. Charles A. Dinsmore, D. D., pastor of the First Church, Congregational, of Waterbury, is a graduate of Dartmouth, which college honored him in June, 1905, with the degree of Doctor of Divinity. After graduating at the Yale Divinity School, he accepted his first pastorate, at Whitneyville, and then he was called to Willimantic. It was in Willimantic that his success became remarkable. His predecessor as pastor of the Congregational Church there, the Rev. S. R. Free, had gradually been absorbing the Unitarian principles, which developed in his preaching and which caused more or less feeling against him on the part of a portion of the con- gregation. Two hostile factions immediately sprang up and the church was in a dubious condition until Mr. Free publicly embraced Unitarianism and resigned as pastor of the Congregational Church. Not content with this, he immediately started a new church, to be conducted in accordance with his new beliefs. With him went a considerable portion of those who had formerly been strong members of his other church. This blow was a very severe one to the Congregational Church, and the governing body was in a dilemma when it decided to extend a call to Mr. Dinsmore, who had been doing excellent work in Whitneyville. The choice proved to be the best that the church could have made. From the first there was an increment of interest. New members were quickly added and the majority of those who had followed the fortunes of Mr. Free came back into the old fold again. From Willimantic he was called to the Phillips Congregational Church, of South Boston, where he remained for ten years. Here he duplicated his success in Willimantic, although he was not confronted with the apparently hopeless con- dition encountered in the Connecticut town. He is a man of literary note and ability, having written several books, two on Dante having brought him into considerable prominence. One is an independent study of the man, the other a text book which is used in Amherst and other col- leges. His first book on Dante was published in "The Atlantic" in serial form, and attracted widespread attention, being criticised both here and in England. He is regarded as one of the most successful and popular interpreters of Dante at the present day. The most notable event in the history of the church during the past quarter of a century was the celebration of its 225th anniversary on August 25, 1916. On that date it was decided to raise a memorial fund of $10,000, which finally amounted to $12,000. This is being devoted to the placing of a memorial window to Dr. Joseph Anderson, to the erection of tablets in memory of the pastors of the church during the last century, and to the rebuilding of the church organ. Another notable anniversary was the centennial of the Sunday school, Mid- week Prayer Meeting, and Benevolent Society of the First Church, which was celebrated April 25, 191 7. It is interesting to note that four of the members present at that time were active in the society in 1875. These were Miss Kath- erine L. Peck, Miss Katherine A. Prichard, Miss Emily A. Shannon and Mrs. Harriet Riley. first ch>xi;ki-:gatioxal church and y. m. c. a. building, waterbury ST. FRANCIS XAVIER'S CHURCH AND RECTORY, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 109 On January 22, 1907, over one hundred members organized the Men's League of the First Church.- Mr. Carl 1\ Chapin was elected president of the organiza- tion in May, 191 7. Notable among recent gifts to the Church was the erection by J. Hobart Bron- son of a recreation house on the church grounds. This is for use by the Camp Fire Girls and the Boy Scouts of the church. On January 25, 191 7, for the first time in the history of the old First Church, women attended the annual meeting of the Ecclesiastical Society as members, join- ing with the men in passing votes having to do with the finances of the church and the election of its officers. The word "male" had by vote of the men been stricken from its by-laws. The following are the officers of the First Church, elected at the annual meet- ing in 1917: Frederick B. Hoadley, its treasurer, has held that office since 1868, with the exception of two years, during which time he was absent from the city. Clerk of the church, George H. Peck. Treasurer of the church and treasurer of the weekly offering, Frederick B. Hoadley. Deacons of the church : Frederick B. Hoadley, Alexander Dallas, Horace G. Hoadley, Edgar S. Lincoln, Edward W. Goodenough, George E. Camp, Arthur F. Ells, Albert F. Sherwood, Darragh DeLancey, W. Gamaliel Bailey, Albert N. Colegrove, Charles Allen Goddard. Advisory committee: Charles Allen Goddard, Miss Katherine Hamilton, Mrs. Dudley B. Deming, Mrs. Rowland Jenner, Mrs. Samuel R. Kelsey, Mrs. George Ells, Alden Merrill, Miss Elizabeth Hall, Mrs. Charles R. Vaill, Mrs. R. William Hampson, R. Lester Wilcox. Society's committee : Darragh DeLancey, chairman ; George E. Camp, Edwin C. Northrop, Hugh L. Thompson, Herbert S. Rowland, Henry A. Hoadley, Pier- son R. dimming. Abbie M. Allyn, assistant to the pastor. THE SECOND CHURCH, CONGREGATIONAL The Second Church, Congregational, of Waterbury, a daughter of the First Church, came into being as the result of action taken by the Ecclesiastical Society of the First Church on February 10, 1851. The pastors have been as follows: Rev. Seagrove W. Magill, D. D., 1852-1864; Rev. Elisha Whittlesey, 1864-1870; Rev. Edward G. Beckwith, D. D., 1871-1881 ; Rev. John Gaylord Davenport, D. D., the present pastor emeritus, 1881-1911; Rev. Robert Elliott Brown, 191 1. The assistant pastors have been Rev. Frank C. Baker, Rev. Frederick M. Hollister, Rev. Louis H. Holden, Ph. D., Rev. M. DeWitt Williams, Rev. W. Moreton Owen. The first house of worship was on North Main Street, where the Odd Fellows' Temple now stands. The present edifice, at the corner of West Main Street and Holmes Avenue, was dedicated June 26, 1895, its cost being $160,000. During Doctor Davenport's pastorate, the second service was removed from afternoon to evening, the communion service brought into the forenoon, responsive readings and other enrichments of the services introduced, individual communion cups adopted, and the Christian Endeavor Society and many other organizations were formed. From 1881 to 1 191 1, the membership of the church grew from 558 to T.147. During Mr. Brown's pastorate, the women's work has been re-organized, many new societies have been launched, the benevolences increased from $4,000 to $8,725 in a year, and acousticons have been installed. In the summer of 191 7 the audi- 110 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY torium was thoroughly re-decorated, and plans were also drawn for a parish house, and additions to the building. Over eighty thousand dollars have been subscribed towards its cost, the first pledge of $25,000 (conditional upon the securing of $75,000 additional) being given by Deacon Aaron A. Benedict. The membership January 1, 19 17, despite the growth of outlying churches, was 1,240. During all of the church's history, most efficient service has been rendered by the Ecclesiastical Society having in charge the current expenses. The Second Church, directly and indirectly, has exerted a deep influence for community better- ment as well as for world-wide Christianity. Within recent years it has brought to the city an extraordinarily strong array of speakers upon civic, economic and national issues. At present the church has flourishing organizations for men, women, young women, young people, boys and girls, and a progressive Sunday school. The officers of the church in 1917 are as follows: Pastor emeritus, Rev. John G. Davenport, D. D. ; pastor, Rev. Robert E. Brown ; assistant pastor, Rev. W. Moreton Owen ; clerk, Roys L. Spencer ; treasurer, J. A. Boyd ; society's clerk, G. E. Judd ; society's treasurer and collector, A. J. Blakesley ; organist and choir director, Harris S. Bartlett. Rev. Robert Elliott Brown, pastor of the Second Church, Congregational, of Waterbury, was born in Middleville, Ontario, Canada, on December 17, 1873. He was educated in the public schools of Washington, to which State his parents had removed. In 1901 he graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, later going to the Yale Divinity School, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Divinity. On June 23, 1904, he married Miss Mabel A. Millikan, of Chicago, and in the same year was ordained a Congregational minister. From 1904 to 1910 he was pastor of the Pilgrim Congregational Church, Fair Haven. In December, 1910, he became associate pastor in the Second Church, Congregational, of Waterbury, and on April 1st, when Doctor Davenport was made pastor emeritus, he became pastor of the church. In 1917 his congregation granted him a six months' leave of absence for work in France, which task he is now fulfilling. THE THIRD CHURCH, CONGREGATIONAL On the evening of February 5, 1892, at the prayer meetings of the First and Second Congregational churches of Waterbury, a joint committee was appointed on the condition and needs of that section of Waterbury known as Brooklyn and Town Plot, to advise with Mr. Waters with reference thereto, and to take such action "as the committee shall judge expedient." This committee was composed of the following: First Church, S. W. Chapman, Gordon Clark, L. G. Day, R. R. Stannard, R. C. Partree, William C. Scott, Thomas B. Walker ; Second Church, B. G. Bryan, James Callan, Fred Chapman, F. J. Mix, John Henderson, Jr., Wil- liam Morgan, James Stewart. On March 28, 1892, at a meeting of the joint committee, "it was voted that a temporary chairman and clerk be appointed, who shall warn a meeting according to law, to be held in the basement of the Bank Street Schoolhouse, for the purpose of organizing a Third Congregational Church." Rev. F. P. Waters was appointed temporary chairman and S. W. Chapman temporary clerk of the proposed meeting. At a meeting, held April 26, 1892, in the Bank Street Schoolhouse, the follow- ing resolution was adopted : "That we, the members of the Third Congregational Church of Waterbury, do now organize as a corporation under the laws of the State ; that a certificate of our skcoxd (<>\<;i;k<;atioxal church, watkrbury WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 111 action be duly made and signed by tbe officers of this church." At the same meet- ing the following building committee was appointed : Rev. F. P. Waters, John Henderson, Jr., James Callan, Mrs. Ida Chapman, Belle C. Walker. The Third Church was recognized by other churches at a council duly called. At the annual meeting, January 4, 1895, it was voted that the building committee be instructed to turn over the church building to the legal committee. During the history of the church, the following pastors have served it: Rev. F. P. Waters, November 1, 1891 -July 1, 1897; Rev. Charles E. Granger, May 1, 1898-February 1, 1902; Rev. Benjamin F. Root, March 1, 1902-February 21, 1906; Rev. H. deHart Gulick, March 1, 1906-April 24, 1908, and Rev. Clay Dent Chunn, April 24, 1908-April 30, 1913. On August 17, 1913, Rev. Leslie H. Perdriau sup- plied the pulpit, and on September 14, 1913, was called to the pastorate. Mr. Perdriau is still pastor (191 7). The notable events of the present pastorate have been the organization of a successful Men's Brotherhood, which has provided a gathering place and service for the men of the community, both helpful and social. The annual banquets have been the great events of the church year. The Women's Get-Together Club is doing for the women of the community what the Men's Brotherhood has so well accomplished. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the church was celebrated on April 22-23, 191 7. The anniversary address was made by Rev. Philip C. Walcott of Nauga- tuck, on Sunday, April 22d. The general social events followed on Monday, April 23, 1917. The officers of the church for 1917 are as follows: Pastor, Rev. Leslie H. Perdriau ; clerk, Fred Jackson ; treasurer, Arthur L. Edmond ; superintendent of Sunday school, William Broughton. BUNKER HILL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH The Bunker Hill Congregational Church has been in existence as a chapel and regularly organized church for twenty-five years. It was established by members of the older organizations, who felt the need of a church near their homes, in the Bunker Hill district. On June 24, 1905, it was established as a separate church and took its present name. Its first minister Avas Rev. Ira T. Hawk, who is now chaplain of the Iowa State Penitentiary. Rev. C. W. Fisher succeeded him and served his congregation for five years. Rev. Milton Wittier, the present pastor, succeeded him. The membership of the church is close to two hundred and the need of a new house of worship has long been apparent. The site for this has been selected, and as soon as building conditions warrant, a fund already in existence will be used for the new edifice. It is probable that the year 191 8 will see it erected and dedicated. The officers of the church are as follows : Clerk, Eugene Rogers ; deacons, Messrs. Young, Thomas and Clapp ; treasurer, William L. Piatt. ITALIAN CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH Largely through the efforts of its present pastor, Dr. Pasquale Codella, the Italian Congregational Church was organized December 6, 1904. Its services are held in the Second Congregational Church on Sunday afternoons. The mem- bership is now over two hundred, with over one hundred in attendance at the Sunday school. Dr. Codella, the pastor, came to America in 1901 and was ordained a Congregational minister in 1904. He was born in Calitri, Italy, July 1, 1868, and 112 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY is a graduate of the Salerno Musical College of Italy. The officers of the church are as follows : Clerk, Pietro Dello Russo; treasurer, Rev. Robert E. Brown, D. D. ; superin- tendent of Sunday school, Mrs. Loretta Codella ; organist, Lucy Codella. st. john's episcopal church St. John's Episcopal Church of Waterbury, established in 1737, is the mother church of Trinity Church and of St. Paul's, Waterville, and more recently, Decem- ber 17, 1916, the organizer of All Souls' Church. Its influence throughout its long, eventful career has not been confined to its own membership, but has been felt in every effort of community uplift which has marked the nearly two centuries of its existence. Thus, for example, through its present rector, Rev. John N. Lewis, Jr., it established the Waterbury Visiting Nurses' Association, now a distinct organization, but in its earlier days sponsored entirely by St. John's. The present parish house on Leavenworth Street was erected in the early '90s of the last century. Rev. John N. Lewis, Jr., present rector, came to the church in September, 1900, as associate to the Rev. Edmund Rowland, becoming rector in August, 1901. Prior to that, he had been curate at St. George's, New York, rector of Grace Church, Honesdale, Pa., and dean of Christ Church Cathedral, Lexington, Ky. The vicar at All Souls' Chapel is Rev. Roscoe C. Hatch. The first assistant to Rev. John N. Lewis, Jr., was the Rev. Morton A. Barnes, who left in 1905. Later assistants were Rev. Jacob Albert Biddle, Rev. Royce R. Miller, and Rev. Charles Taber Hall. The Diocesan Convention was held in Waterbury under the auspices of the local Episcopal churches in 1897. In 1892, Rev. Dr. Rowland decided to introduce an entire male choir, the soprano and alto being carried by boys' voices, and all the choir uniformly dressed in cassock and collar. In January, 1893, the parish received from H. H. Peck the gift of a chancel organ. This organ, built by Far- rand & Votey, was placed in the north gallery with a console in front of the chan- cel, stalls being placed there for the choir. Joseph E. Bartlett, as organist, took charge of the music. He was succeeded by William H. Minor, who is still in charge. On April 19, 1897, the church property at Waterville was formally conveyed to St. Paul's Parish. On April 8, 1901, Doctor Rowland was formally elected Pastor Emeritus. Nelson Jones Welton, who had been senior warden for twenty-five years, died in June, 191 7. He was succeeded as senior warden by John P. Elton. The vestrymen of St. Tohn's are : H. B. Snow, R. G. Hannegan, W. E. Ful- ton, H. S. White, J. M. Burrall, E. O. Goss, H. H. Peck, H. L. Rowland, J. P. Kellogg, F. S. Chase, James Crompton, J. E. Kennaugh. The other officers for 191 7 are as follows: Rector, Rev. J. N. Lewis, Jr.; clerk, Charles F. Mitchell ; treasurer, Edwin S. Hunt ; secretary, Giles R. Ander- son ; senior warden, John P. Elton ; organist and choirmaster, W. H. Minor. The Rev. Edmund Rowland, D. D., former rector of St. John's Episcopal Church and Rector Emeritus from 1901 to the date of his death, March 22, 1908, was born in Springfield, Mass., March 24, 1835, and entered Harvard with the class of 1857. He later went to Trinity, from which college he graduated. In 1882 his Alma Mater gave him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He studied theology under Bishop Williams in the Berkeley Divinity School, and was or- dained to the priesthood in 1862 by Bishop Lloratio Potter. REV. F. D. BUCKLEY or twenty-five years rector of Trinity Church, Waterbury WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 113 He married Miss Sarah Belknap of Hartford. He was minister in charge of the American Church in Rome for some time, later returning and becoming rector of Bethesda Church, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. He was rector in turn of St. James' Church, Goshen, N. Y., Grace Church, New Bedford, Mass., and from there went to Calvary Church. Cincinnati. He became rector of St. John's Parish, Water- bury, in 1884. Doctor Rowland was first to suggest the formation of the Waterbury Hospital Association. He was foremost in all the great moral movements that gave Water- bury its rank among the best cities in the country. TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH Trinity Church, which was set off as a parish from St. John's Episcopal Church on Trinity Sunday, 1877, is therefore celebrating its fortieth anniversary this year. On October 1st this event was given added significance by the celebration of the twenty-fifth anniversary as rector of the incumbent, Rev. Frederick D. Buckle}-, who officiated for the first time in the pulpit of Trinity on October 1, 1892. The Rev. Frederick Dashiels Buckley was born at Fishkill, N. Y., in 1855. He studied theology at the Berkeley Divinity School, was ordained dean June 1, 1887, and priest March 23, 1888. He was rector of Grace Church, Stafford Springs, from 1887 to 1889, and of St. Andrew's Church, St. Johnsbury, Vt, from 1889 to 1892. During his pastorate the church has grown in membership and has greatly increased its beneficent activities. The parish house, which was built in 1900, was dedicated by the bishop of the diocese May 24, 1902. In that year also the present rectory, adjoining the church, was added to the church property. The old rector}- on North Willow Street was the probable site of the birthplace of Rev. James Scovill, the first resident rector of the Episcopal Church in Waterbury. On Trinity Sunday, 1907, the occasion of the church's thirtieth anniversary, an endowment fund of $10,000.00 was raised. This is now over $26,000.00. During the summer of 1914 extensive changes were made in the church. These consisted in the construction of an organ chamber on the north side of the church and the installing of a new organ. Sidney Webber, the present organist, assumed that position in May, 1914, and organized the first boy choir, which sang for the first time on June 7, 1914. At the Easter meeting in 1903, Rev. Dr. Francis T. Russell, who from the inception of the parish had been closely connected with it. resigned as assistant pastor. He died in February, 1910. Rev. Dr. Richard B. Micou, the first rector of the parish, passed away in June, 191 2. Trinity Church is rich in its beautiful memorial windows. The last of these to be placed is that in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Lamb and their son, Richard. The subject of this is The Annunciation, after Hoffman's painting. A chancel window in memory of Samuel W. Hall was contributed by the ladies of the parish. In 1901 a beautiful memorial window was unveiled to the memory of Edward Daniel Steele. Societies for carrying on the institutional work of the parish are: Altar Guild, Babies' Branch of Junior Auxiliary, Junior Auxiliary, Young Women's Guild, Girls' Calisthenic Club, Boys' Club. Women's Missionary Society, St. Elizabeth's ( mild, Parish Sewing School. Elocution Class, and Sight Singing Class. Vol. 1—8 114 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The officers of the church elected in iQi/ are as follows: Senior warden, J. K. Smith; junior warden, H. M. Steele; clerk, C. F. Davis; treasurer, E. H. Perry; vestrymen, Geo. E. Boyd, Dr. F. E. Castle, F. S. Gorham, E. H. Horn, F. L. Nuhn, C. J. Pierpont, R. D. Pierpont, H. S. Root, E. K. Samson, C. A. Templeton, G. H. Wayne, F. B. Williams. st. paul's episcopal church, waterville About the time the Rev. John M. McCracken became assistant at St. John's Episcopal Church, there was a revival of business in Waterville and the mission which had been established in 185 1 gained in members and became quite active in its church work. It flourished under his care and a parish hall was built and opened. Mr. McCracken started a movement to have the mission organized into a parish, but resigned before this was accomplished. Flis successor at St. John's, the Rev. H. N. Tragitt, became the first rector of St. Paul's and the parish was organized and received into union with the Diocesan Convention, June, 1895. The first wardens were Louis Gates and E. E. Bacon, Harry O. Miller being the first elected delegate to convention. During Mr. Tragitt's rectorate the Parish Society and Young People's Association were organized, both of which societies have contributed in great measure to the development of the parish and are active in good works at the present time. In 1898 Mr. Tragitt resigned and was succeeded by the Rev. W. A. Rafter. Mr. Rafter stayed only two years. His successor was the Rev. C. W. Bentham. For a few years the parish languished, and in January, 1902, the bishop sent Mr. J. Attwood Stansfield, a student from the General Theological Seminary, to assume direction of its affairs. The following Easter the parish requested Mr. Stansfield to take charge, and when he was ordained he was elected minister-in- charge. In April, 1897, the mother parish, St. John's, gave a deed of the church and lot to St. Paul's. The manufacturing interests of the village have prospered and the parish has kept pace with the growth of the village. The present rectory was built about five years ago, during the incumbency of Rev. Wm. P. Waterbury. In February, 191 5, he was suceeded by Rev. Geo. W. Griffith, the present rector. The officials for 1917 are as follows: Rector, Rev. George W. Griffith, D. D. ; wardens, Williams A. Faber, Homer C. Senior; parish clerk, Charles H. Draper; treasurer, Homer C. Senior. FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WATERBURY One of the most notable events in the recent church history of Waterbury was the Centennial celebration of the First Methodist Episcopal Church. This began Sunday, October 17, 191 5, and continued throughout the week. The anniversary address was delivered by Rev. Elmer A. Dent, D. D. A notable feature of the celebration was the presence of four of its former pastors. The history of the church for the past quarter century knits it closely into the great work of Methodism all over the country. It has been especially active in its work in missionary fields, its Woman's Home Mission Society, its Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, its Queen Esther Circle and its Ladies' Aid Society being classed as the most active among kindred organizations in New England The membership of the church April 1, 191 7, was 1,040. Since September 20, 1896, Ariel Chapter of the Epworth League No. 19,025, has been a constituent part of the church, with a membership approximating 300. The Sunday School has grown with the church. On March 26, 1893, this WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 115 great branch of the local church celebrated its sixtieth anniversary, and a notable feature of that event was the presence of one teacher, Mrs. Julia A. Pritchard, and one scholar, Mrs. Jeanette Cow ell, the only survivors of the original organ- ization. During the existence of the Sunday School, now over a century, there have been but nine superintendents. Those of the past twenty-five years were Fred- erick Gillmore, Elmer J. Bassford, Whitman W. Bowers and John A. Coe, Jr. \t the time the congregation moved into the Easl .Main Street Church, the Sunday School numbered 208. Today it is rapidly nearing the 1,400 mark. This includes teachers, officers, scholars. The average attendance is over 500. The ministers during the past quarter of a century were Rev. Wm. H. Barton, [892-3; Rev. Gardner S. Eldridge, 1.894-1898; Rev. F. Watson Hannon, 1898- 1901 ; Rev. F. P. Tower, 1901-02; Rev. F. B. Stockdale, 1902-1905; Rev. F. Dunwell Walter, 1905-1909; Rev. James E. Holmes, 1909-1911; Rev. Charles E. Barto, 1911-1914; Rev. Walter E. Thompson, 1914-1916; Rev. A. F. Campbell, 1916. The officers of the church at present are : Pastor, Rev. A. F. Campbell ; secre- tary, William L. Woodruff; treasurer, John W. Potter; superintendent of Sunday School, John A. Coe, Jr. GRACE M. E. CHURCH, WATERVILLE Grace Methodist Episcopal Church of Waterville, though small, has been classed in recent years as one of the most active churches in the district. Since its separation from the First M. E. Church in 1882, it has organized activities along the splendid lines of the mother church and has contributed liberally to all Methodist activities. This year it mourns the death of Rev. J. J. Moffatt, who was its first pastor, and who later again served the congregation. In 1896 the Sunday School addition and the present parsonage were erected. In 1909, during the pastorate of the Rev. Otto Brand, now field secretary of the Methodist Hospital in Brooklyn, the entire church indebtedness was wiped out. In 191 2 the land at the rear of the present house of worship was donated and will be used later for additional church buildings. At present its membership is 115, with nearly an equal attendance at Sunday School. The pastors of Grace Church in the past quarter century have been Rev. A. H. White, Rev. X. W. Wilder. Rev. W. J. Judd, Rev. A. L. Hubbard. Rev. H. O. Trinkus, Rev. J. J. Moffatt, Rev. F. L. Buckwalter, Rev. X. F. Honald. Rev. Otto Brand, Rev. Samuel Johnson, Rev. E. S. Belden, and the present incumbent, Rev. Ceo. W. Servis, who began his pastorate in August. 1916. The present officers of the church are: Pastor, Rev. Geo. W. Servis; secre- tary. F. \V. Wightman; treasurer, James Gift: superintendent of Sunday School, Roy Ferris. st. paul's methodist episcopal church St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church, 101 Fast Farm Street, celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in [913. In 191 1 the Sunday School, which had been organized two years prior to the establishment of the church, celebrated its quarter centennial. On April 1, 1917. the membership was 372. It- present pastor, Rev. Charles 116 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY E. Benedict, came to the church in April, 191 5, succeeding Rev. A. J. Smith, dur- ing whose pastorate the new pipe organ was installed. Other pastors of the last quarter century are Rev. Geo. A. Brunson, Rev. E. D. Bassett, who was with the church seven years, Rev. C. Lepley, and the Rev. J. P. Wagner, who died during the present year. The new parsonage next to the church on East Farm Street was erected during the last decade. The present officers of the church are as follows : Pastor, Rev. Charles E. . Benedict ; secretary, Elmer L. Hough ; treasurer, Albert J. Smith ; superintendent of Sunday School, Robert Buik. SOUTH M. E. AND WEST SIDE HILL CHURCHES The South M. E. Church, at 1338 Baldwin Street, had on April 1, 1917, a membership of 213, but this has been slightly reduced during the year by the establishment of a sister church, the West Side Hill, of which the need has long been apparent. For some time Rev. R. F. Shinn has been in charge of a mission at that point, which now has developed into a separate church, with Rev. R. F. Shinn as its first pastor. It has taken over the mission property. The Rev. W. J. Ashforth is the pastor of the South M. E. Church. Other officers of this church for the year 1917 are as follows: Recording secretary, William A. Houston ; financial secretary, Walter A. Rose ; treasurer and Sunday School superintendent, Myron Hutch. MOUNT OLIVE A. M. E. ZION CHURCH OF WATERBURY In 1904 Mount Olive A. M. E. Zion Church celebrated the quarter century of its establishment, with the building of its new church at 86 Pearl Street. Its membership has shown a steady growth, being close to 150 in 1917, with a Sunday School attendance of about 140. The church has taken a prominent part in the national work of the African Methodist Episcopal denomination. This has been particularly true during the present pastorate, that of the Rev. J. W. McDonald, now going on its fourth year, and of his predecessors, the Revs. J. S. Cole, H. M. Mickings, Calvin S. Whitted, Fisher and McCallum. The officers of the church in 1917 are: Pastor, J. W. McDonald; secretary, Willis W. Holland ; treasurer, R. L. Brinkley. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF WATERBURY Two events of transcendent importance in the history of the First Baptist Church of Waterbury during the past twenty-five years are, first, its centennial celebration in 1904, and, second, the dedication in the fall of 1917 of its mag- nificent new church building, at the corner of Grove Street and Central Avenue, which has just been completed. The centennial celebration began November 1, 1904, on which day the sermons, both morning and evening, were delivered by the pastor. Rev. Oscar Haywood, D. D. On Monday, November 2d, the joint meeting of the Baptist Ministers' Conference of New Haven and Hartford, and the Protestant Ministers' Club of Waterbury were held. In the evening of that day a memorable address on "The Best Way of Van- quishing" was delivered by the Rev. Wayland Hoyt, D. D., LL. D., of Phila- tf & — H H £ WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK \ ALLEY 117 delphia, before the Society of Christian Endeavor. On Tuesday, Woman's Day, Doctor Hoyt spoke on "Soul Worship." Wednesday was Missionary Day, with the address by Rev. Albert Arnold Bennett, D. D., of Japan. On Thursday, Old Home Day, an address was delivered by Rev. P. G. Wightman and the First Church took part for the first time in the conference of the Centennial Churches of the New Haven Association. This conference com- prised, in addition to Waterbury, Meriden, 1786; Middletown, 1795; Southington, 1738; Cromwell, 1802; Clinton, 1797; Winthrop, 1744, and Wallingford, 1790. Later in the day addresses were delivered by Prof. D. G. Porter and Rev. T. A. T. Hanna. It was in 1897 that the women of the church began the great work of co- ordinating their denominational labors. The women of the church thought they could do better work if all the lines, viz. : social, parish, and missionary, were brought under one organization. On April 20, 1898, they decided to make this change, and formed the Mission- ary and Social Union of the First Baptist Church of Waterbury. In this new departure, they were largely assisted by the wise counsel of the late Doctor Parry. The society embraces all of the women's distinctive work, and aims to include in its membership every woman of the church. It has three departments : Parish Work. Home Missions, and Foreign Missions. It has a chairman in charge of each line of its work. Thursday of each week is its "At Home" day, two hostesses being in charge of the parlor all day, while all women's meetings are scheduled to appear at some specified hour. k A. D. Field, a man of affairs and of large experience in the management and control of finances, devised, during the year 1901, a plan of endowment for the church known as "The Surplus Fund." It is incorporated under the laws of Connecticut, and no investment as a public benefaction could be more diligently safeguarded by legal enactment. In the year 1901 $1,000 was contributed by members of the church to this fund, — that amount being required by the articles of incorporation before the fund could be established. It is more especially designed to afford security for money and property which may be given to the church through wills and deeds of gift. It is a perpetual endowment, of which the trustees are custodians, under bond in the amount of the market value of the assets of the fund. Among the pastors of the past twenty-five years were many celebrated church- men. Rev. W. P. Elsdon, who, after a serious illness, went totally blind, had in 1892 increased the membership by 200 during his four-year pastorate. He was succeeded by Rev. Francis J. Parry, D. D., who died during his pastorate. After him came Rev. Oscar Haywood, Rev. Albert G. Lawson, and in 1912 the present pastor, Rev. Horace B. Sloat. The membership of the church's Italian mission, which is showing a steady growth, is now sixty. Its present pastor is Rev. John Barone. The memberhip of the church in 191 7 is 802 — 605 resident and 150 non-resident members. Dedicatory and Old Home week, in which the new church edifice was first occupied, took place from September 23 to 30, 1917- The officers of the church, elected in 1917, are: Trustees, Loren R. Carter, Wm. H. Robbins, C. P. Haight; deacons, V. M. Shaw, Wm. R. Dixon, Geo. H. Carter, David Crandall, Wm. O'Neill, Loren Durner, A. J. Shipley, E. G. Terry ; deaconesses, Mrs. E. W. Smith, Miss Margaret McWhinnie ; treasurer, Warren S. Trott ; clerk. Burton J. Hine ; assistant clerk, C. A. Peck ; collector, Geo. W. Wat- son ; assistant collector, Lyman Rich. 118 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH OF WATERBURY The twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding- of the Second Baptist Church of Waterbury was celebrated in the fall of 1917, although the actual date of the organization of the church was May 17, 1892. The postponement for a few months was due to the desire to dedicate the new pipe organ, the intallation of which was a feature of the anniversary. Twenty-five years ago the congregation put up a small chapel for services, and this has since been moved back to make place for the fine auditorium built a few years later. The chapel is now used for the Sunday School. The membership of the church is no. The Sunday School has an enrollment of 150, with an average attendance of 100. The Rev. Harvey W. Funk came to the church in November, 1915, succeeding Rev. J. F. Vaught, who had been its pastor for eight years. The officers of the church elected in 1917 are as follows : Pastor, Rev. Harvey W. Funk ; clerk, Esther Mitchell ; treasurer, Edward J. Morgan. GRACE BAPTIST CHURCH The Grace Baptist Church was organized on April 15, 1900. to provide a place of worship for the colored population of that denomination. Rev. Isaac W. Reed, the present pastor, has been with the congregation during its entire existence, except the first eight months. The pastor at its organization was Rev. J. Moses Hopkins. The church building, which was erected immediately after the organization, was cleared of debt six years ago. At the outset, the membership was 17. This year it has enrolled 160, with no in the Sunday School. In fact, the growth has been so continuous that a new and larger house of worship is now in contemplation. The officers elected for 1917 are : Pastor, Rev. Isaac W. Reed ; clerk, Caroline Lee ; superintendent of Sunday School, Miss M. L. Benton, SWEDISH BAPTIST TABERNACLE On May 10 and 12, 1917, the Swedish Baptist Tabernacle celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary as a church. During its struggling years it worshipped in a chapel near the site of the present church, 22 Bishop Street. Twelve years ago, during the pastorate of Rev. A. O. Lawrence, it began the erection of its present church home, worshipping in the basement for some time. During the pastorate of Rev. A. Linde, the church was completed and dedicated. For the past two years its pastor has been the Rev. O. W. Johnson, who succeeded Rev. Nils Berg, who had come to the church direct from Sweden. The membership of the church is 68, with a Sunday School attendance of 30. The services are well attended, those present on Sunday evening, including visitors, numbering from 75 to ICO regularly. The officers of the church, elected in 191 7, are as follows : Pastor, Rev. O. W. Johnson ; treasurer, Gustaf R. Erickson ; clerk and superintendent of Sunday School, Nils A. Hilding. GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF WATERBURY In October, 1916, the German Evangelical Lutheran Church of Waterbury cele- brated the quarter century of its existence. Its present pastor is Rev. Martin J. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 119 Lorenz, who came to the church four years ago from Lindenhurst, L. I., succeed- ing the Rev. L. Brunke, who died last year. Its first pastor was Rev. \\'m. Jentsch, who served from 1891 to [898. He was succeeded by Doctor Minkus, Rev. Richard Pfeil and Rev. J. A. Lenke. In May, 1916, a site for a church was purchased on Grove Street, and during the coming year, if building conditions improve, a new house of worship will be erected. The church started with a membership of 30 and now has 275 contribut- ing members. The officers of the church, elected in 1917, are: Pastor, Rev. Martin ]\ Lorenz ; secretary, Edward Koslosky ; treasurer, Ernest Burtsch. THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ST. JOHN'S CHURCH OF WATERBURY The Evangelical Lutheran St. John's Church was founded September 20, 1903, by the following German citizens of Waterbury: Reinhold Brenner, Gustav Nickel, Ernest Schnabel, Robert Molzon, Frederick Marlow, August Schmidt, Henrick Bojke, Ferd. Kranvitz, Daniel Kratzke, Ed Litwin. It was served as a mission during the first year by Rev. O. Duessel, of Bristol. In 1904, the Swedish Lutheran Church on Cherry Street was rented and its first pastor in this church was Rev. August Koerber, who remained until 1905. His successor was Rev. Julius Kretzmann. In 1906, during his pastorate, the church was incor- porated and the building at 48-50 Park Place was purchased. In this building the congregation worshipped until November, 1916, when it was sold and tem- porary arrangements were made to hold services in the parish house of St. John's Episcopal Church. Contract has been let for a new church building, and it is now in process of erection on Cooke Street, between Grove and North Main streets. It is expected to be occupied early in 1918. Rev. Julius Kretzmann left in 1909 for New Haven, and for a time continued to serve the Waterbury congregation. On July 18, 1909, Rev. Valentin Geist came to the church. He remained until January 5, 1914, and was succeeded by Rev. F. H. Lindemann. The present pastor, Rev. Edward Paul Merkel, came to the church in August, 1916. The church has 85 enrolled on its list, and a Sunday School of about 20, with three teachers in charge. The officers of the church at present are: Pastor, Rev. Edward P. Merkel ; secretary, F. H. A. Buf e ; treasurer, H. Abel. SWEDISH EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN ZION CHURCH OF WATERBURY The Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Zion Church of Waterbury was organized January I, 1891, and celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary in 1916. It has its own house of worship at 210 Cherry Street, and its membership has shown steady growth during the past decade. Its officers, elected in 1917, are as follows: Pastor, Rev. J. Herman Olsson ; secretary, Carl E. Olander ; treasurer, Fred Person. SECOND ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF WATERBURY The Second Advent Christian Church of Waterbury was organized May 12, 1881, with about a dozen members. The late Thomas Fitzsimons and Kendrick 1 1. Simons were largely instrumental in effecting the same, and both remained members until their death. The widow of the latter, Mrs. Maria A. Simons, of 04 Cherry Street, Waterbury, is the only surviving charter member at the present lime. 120 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The pastors have been as follows, in the order named : Rev. Geo. L. Teeple, Rev. L. F. Baker, Rev. Cornelius Pike, Rev. Jas. A. Gardner, Rev. Chester F. L. Smith, Rev. A. Judson Bolster, and the present pastor, Rev. Thomas Feltman. For several years after organization, the services were held in a hall on Bank Street, but in 1886, during the pastorate of Rev. L. F. Baker, a church building was erected on the present Cherry Street site. This building was remodeled in 1906 — the year of the church's twenty-fifth anniversary. A Sunday School room was arranged in the basement. The debt incurred on the original building and for remodeling was cleared off in 1914, during the term of the present pastor, and a special service was held in the fall of that year, at which the burning of the note took place. On July 3, 1913, the church was incorporated under the laws of Connecticut. The present membership is 147. The present officers are : Deacons, Theo. Patchen, Samuel J. Bonney; assistant deacon, Wm. Strong; elders, Charles H. Chatfield, Geo. Read ; treasurer, Eben J. Lewis ; collector, Harry S. Johnson ; steward, Wm. Moulthrop ; Sunday School superintendent, Charles B. Slater, and clerk, Henry D. Curtiss. THE FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST, SCIENTIST On January 19, 1898, the First Church of Christ, Scientist, was organized, with the following charter members : Leon I. Wood, Carrie W. Blakeslee, Mary T. Thompson, Winifred A. Wood, and George G. Blakeslee. The first readers appointed were Mrs. Geo. Blakeslee and Mr. Leon I. Wood. There has been a steady, healthy growth and during the past year a site for a building was purchased at the corner of Holmes and Mitchell Avenue. The new structure, it is stated, will probably be erected during the next year. At present, the Sunday and Wednesday evening meetings are held in the reading rooms in the Buckingham building. The present readers are Mrs. Belle Stone Booth, Mrs. Ada B. Soper. The president of the society is Mr. Harry A. Soper, and its treasurer is Mrs. Minnie T. Manville. Mr. Lyman D. Lewis is clerk. buck's hill union chapel Buck's Hill Union Chapel is non-denominational. It was founded twenty- two years ago, the ground for the house of worship having been donated by the late George Faber, Sr. Its membership is about fifty. It expects soon to have a Sunday School organized. At present its pastor is Rev. Roscoe E. Hatch, of All Souls' Parish. Its officers are Wm. Foster and W. A. Piatt. UNION CHAPEL, MILL PLAIN Union Chapel, Mill Plain, is non-denominational, its four trustees, M. E. Pierpont, F. W. Ineson, H. M. Judd, H. I. Abel, representing the four protestant denominations — Episcopal, Methodist, Congregational and Baptist. Its membership is about two hundred and its Sunday School has an attendance of about one hundred and fifty. It is served by a pastor of each of the above denominations once each month. The church, which is thirty years old, had much to overcome after its build- ing burned, but the new structure is in every way adequate, and the membership is showing a steady growth. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 121 WATERVILLE CHAPEL Waterville Chapel is now celebrating the end of its first decade of non- denominational work. It has a membership of fifty, with forty-five in attendance at Sunday School. Its pastor is Miss M. A. Barrett. The superintendent of the Sunday School is Miss E. M. Weeks. Its executive board consists of S. Butcher. Jr., M. McAllister, and Robert Benninghoff. CHAPTER IX THE CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF WATERBURY catholic population by parishes immaculate' conception st. patrick's its dedication sacred heart st. ann's st. cecilia st. francis xavier — st. Joseph's — st. thomas — our lady of lourdes — st. Margaret's — blessed sacrament st. michael's st. stanislaus convents and schools holy name society sketches of monsignor slocum and father curtin m'givney day. Waterbury's Catholic population was estimated at one-half the census figures for the city in 1890. In 1917, with a population of approximately 100,000, it can conservatively be placed at 55 to 60 per cent of the total. Reliable parish figures bear this out and the table compiled here is as given by the church authorities in each instance. Immaculate Conception 6,700 Sacred Heart 3,600 St. Patrick's 3,000 Our Lady of Lourdes (Italian ) 17,500 St. Joseph's (Lithuanian) 6,000 St. Ann's ( French) 4,000 St. Francis Xavier 3,000 St. Stanislaus (Polish) 1,300 St. Cecilia (German) 3,000 St. Michael's 1,000 St. Margaret's 2,100 Blessed Sacrament 850 St. Thomas 2,200 Total 54,250 This growth from that beginning eighty years ago when Cornelius Donnelly was the only Catholic living here is a marvelous record. Where in 1847 there was a small one-story frame church dedicated by the small Catholic community, there are today thirteen distinct parishes, as many beautiful churches, six parochial schools, six convents, rectories in practically every parish, St. Mary's Hospital, one of the largest of its class in New England, and St. Mary's Day Nursery. This large Catholic population has always been foremost in all public move- ments. It has aided in every civic endeavor to beautify the city and to make it a better municipality, morally and physically. While it has its own parochial schools in a few parishes it has taken a deep interest in the building-up of the city's public school system. Father Hugh Treanor, among many of the Catholic faith, serves on its school board. In fact, it was during the chairmanship of Father Treanor that much of the work of thoroughly organizing the school system of the city was done. 122 WATERBURY AND THE NTAUGATUCK \ ALLEY 123 In the following history of the parishes, the records are confined largely to those of the past twenty-five years, and supplement the excellent work done in the previous histories of Waterbury. MM CHURCH OF THE [MMACULATE CONCEPTION In the parish of the Immaculate Conception rests the beginning of the Catholic church work in Waterbury. The memory of the Right Rev. T. F. Hendricken, who built the present Church of the Immaculate Conception, dedi- cating it December [9, [855, is revered hy Catholics and non-Catholics alike, for his activities were community-wide and he laid not alone a wonderful corner- stone for the church, hut one upon which many of the city's noblest benefactions have been erected. Without going deeply into the earlier history of this parish, it is well to add that during the pastorate of Rev. William A. Harty part of the present Calvary Cemetery was purchased, part of the land for St. Joseph's Cemetery having been bought by Father Hendricken. During the pastorate of Father John A. Mulcahy, St. Mary's School was built and opened in 1896, and was then placed in charge of the Sisters of Charity from Convent Station, N. J. Its first superior was Sister Rosita, who was succeeded by Sister Marie Agnes, and she by the present superior, Sister Claudine. St. Mary's Convent was occupied on November 27, 1889. St. Patrick's Hall was built the same year. In 1891 Father Mulcahy greatly enlarged by purchase the property of the church now known as Calvary Cemetery. This was consecrated by the bishop of the diocese May 24, 1894. The splendid work of Monsignor Slocum followed, and St. Mary's Hospital, which he founded but the completion of which he did not live to see, will remain an enduring monument to his memory. A sketch of the life work of Monsignor Slocum, as well as the history of St. Mary's Hospital, will be found elsewhere. Rev. Luke Fitzsimons, the present pastor, delivered his first sermon in Waterbury August 6, 19 10. His work has been in line with all the beneficent deeds of his predecessors. Since coming to the parish, he has established St. Mary's Day Nursery, in which approximately seventy-five children are cared for daily. These are the children of mothers who are compelled to work during the day. Three sisters are in charge, and not alone are the children fed, but those old enough are given instruction. In 191 5 Father Fitzsimons bought the Grannis property on Franklin Street and turned the home on it into a recreation hall and infirmary for children. There are at present in St. Mary's School 1,100 pupils, with twenty-two sisters and one lay teacher in charge. St. Mary's Convent houses twenty-four sisters. St. Patrick's Hall at no Fast Main Street has been enlarged since its foundation. It contains two chapels, one for boys and one for girls. The Sunday School is also conducted there and has an attendance of about one hundred. This is for children who go to the public school-. Father Fitzsimons graduated from Holy Cross College at Worcester, Mass.. from which place in 1873 he went to Troy, N. Y., for his theological course. He was ordained a priest in June, 1876. His first assignment was as assistant at Sacred Heart Church, New Haven. He was four years at Collinsville, and then became parish priest at New Hartford in July, 1881, remaining there until 1900. The four assistants to Father Fitzsimons are: Father J. A. Doherty, Father E. P. Cryne. Father J. A. Dowd and Father F. M. O'Shea. 124 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY st. Patrick's church On the first day of February, 1880, the Rev. John Duggan was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Lawrence McMahon, pastor of St. Patrick's Parish. About three weeks later was purchased the land upon which the church stands, besides three acres of adjoining property. The following year Father Duggan came to Waterbury and commenced the work of the organization of the parish. The cornerstone of St. Patrick's Church was laid by P>ishop McMahon October 16, 1881. Father Duggan died November 10, 1895, and his remains were buried in front of the church. The zeal of Father Duggan in behalf of his parishioners in the decade and a half which he was spared to them was productive of marvelous results. Father Duggan was immediately succeeded by the Rev. Joseph M. Gleeson. Father Gleeson attended St. Dunstan's Preparatory College, afterwards going to Mount Mellory, Ireland, which college was in charge of the Cistercian monks. He spent five years there, completing the classical course. His studies in philosophy and theology were made in the Grand Seminary, Montreal. He was ordained to the holy priesthood by the Most Rev. Archbishop Fabre, December 23, 1876. He was appointed assistant to the Rev. Michael Tierney, the present bishop, then pastor of St. John's Church, Stamford, where he remained until November 1, 1878, when he was transferred to Danielson. In March, 1879, he was sent as assistant to the Rev. Father Mulcahy. Father Gleeson was appointed by the Right Rev. Bishop McMahon, pastor of St. Anthony's Church, Litchfield, April 1, 1883. On the 28th day of November, 1885, he was appointed pastor of Portland. During his pastorate he brought there the Sisters of Mercy. The first Catholic school was opened in Portland by him February 1, 1889. He was afterwards appointed pastor of St. Patrick's Church, Thompsonville. He came to Waterbury to succeed the Rev. Father Duggan December 2, 1895. He immediately took up the arduous work of finishing the church and rectory. The plastering work on both house and church was then being done. Besides carrying on the stupendous work of the completion of the massive structures, additions were made to the Lyceum Building, and a church building erected in the Waterville district. Meanwhile, the Sisters of St. Joseph were introduced into the parish. A free kindergarten school was opened in the Lyceum and several new societies were organized. But the great task of completing the church ended in 1903, and on Sunday, January 18th of that year, the magnificent edifice was solemnly dedicated by Right Rev. Bishop Tierney. After the dedicatory services, pontifical mass was celebrated, His Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, being celebrant. The sermon at the morning service was preached by the Rev. D. J. Stafford, D. D., of Washington. In the evening solemn high vespers were sung by the famous Bishop Harkins of Providence, R. L, and the sermon was preached by the Rev. M. F. Fallon, O. M. I., of Buffalo. The several services were marked by that richness of ritual, splendor of ceremony and gorgeous magnificence which is characteristic of Catholic services. The magnificent singing, the splendor of the church, the beauty of the service and the presence of so many priests, all were inspiring. Greater dignity was added to the gathering by the presence of His Eminence, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Tierney of Hartford, Bishop Harkins of Providence,, and Monsignor Murphy of Dover, N. H. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 125 St. Patrick's Church is situated in the heart of the Brooklyn district on high ground on a lot containing nearly three acres. The church fronts on Charles Street and overlooks the city. Its roof towers high above almost every other structure, and the building proper is of imposing appearance. The church is built of a light blue granite, with trimmings of cut stone of the same material, and is constructed in the most substantial and perfect manner. The basement is more than fifteen feet in height, and has a seating capacity of over one thousand persons. There are four spacious entrances to the basement, one at each corner of the building, and two flights of stairs connecting with the church above. Although the nave of the basement is seventy-six feet wide, there are but two rows of iron columns placed under the clerestory columns of the church above and supporting them. The church floors are supported upon heavy com- pound wrought iron girders, resting on these columns and on the walls, so that the basement is clear of all obstruction, excepting these, and preserves the comfort and convenience of a finished church. Tt is lighted by large windows of cathedral glass. The width between the main side walls is seventy-six feet. The style of the building is the early decorated Gothic, which prevailed at the commencement of the fourteenth century, when the expressive features of Christian architecture were developed. The tower is in the northeast corner, fronting on Charles Street. It does not grow out of the church, but is distinct itself, carrying out the monumental idea of a church tower. The main entrance comprises three large doorways, besides one in the tower communicating with the church and with the end •jalleries which extend across the nave. The auditorium will have a seating s capacity of 1,525 persons. At the sanctuary end are two other entrances con- necting with the church proper, with the basement by a staircase, and with the sacristies on each side of the sanctuary, which are connected by a passway between the altar. The parish of St. Patrick numbers about three thousand souls. As the parish of the Blessed Sacrament has been largely taken from St. Patrick's, there is no apparent growth shown, although this has in fact been considerable in its more limited territory. Including the children, the Sunday attendance approximates one thousand two hundred. When the church was dedicated in 1903 it had a debt of $85,000.00. Today the debt is about $33,000.00 and just as soon as this is liquidated, the church will begin the erection of a school and convent for the parish. The assistants to Father Gleeson are Father Thomas A. Grumbley and Father Daniel J. Manning. SACRED HEART CHURCH On Sunday, February 15, 1885, the Rev. William Harty, then rector of the parish of the Immaculate Conception, made the formal announcement that the Right Rev. Bishop McMahon had established a new parish in the city. The announcement was not entirely unexpected, as rumors of the intended division had been current for some time. The new parish was to comprise East Main Street east of Dublin Street, all of Dublin Street, the east side of Welton Street, Walnut Street and all of the streets east of these points, and would include between 1.500 and 2,000 souls. The Rev. Hugh Treanor, who for six years had been the efficient assistant pastor of St. Mary's Church, Xorwalk. was appointed pastor of the new parish by Bishop McMahon. A short time after 126 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY the division the land on which the church now stands was purchased by Father Treanor. On Sunday, February 22, 1885, Father Treanor preached his initial sermon to his new flock in the Church of the Immaculate Conception. On March 1st of the same year the members of the Sacred Heart Parish held divine services for the first time as a distinct congregation in St. Patrick's Chapel. Services were held there until the date of the blessing of the basement of the new church March 14, 1886. On Sunday, August 16, 1885, the cornerstone of the new church was laid by Bishop McMahon. On Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1889, the new church was solemnly dedicated. The cornerstone was laid by Bishop McMahon in the presence of an esti- mated attendance of 8,000 persons. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Francis Delargy of the Order of Redemptorists. The handsome silver trowel used by the Bishop during the ceremony was presented to the Rev. John Russell of New Haven, who was the largest contributor on the occasion. On March 14, 1886, the basement of the church was blessed and formally opened for divine worship. Bishop McMahon graced the occasion by his presence. The Rev. John Russell was the celebrant of the mass and the sermon was preached by the Rev. William J. Slocum, then of Norwalk. At the vesper service confirmation was administered for the first time in the new church to a class of over sixty children. Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1889, witnessed the crowning of the good work. On that day the new church edifice was solemnly dedicated under the patronage of the Sacred Heart of Jesus by the Right Rev. Bishop McMahon. The celebrant of the mass was the Rev. Michael Tierney, later the bishop of the diocese. The sermon was preached by the Rev. Thomas Broderick of Hartford. In the evening vespers were sung, the Rev. James Fagan of Naugatuck officiating. In 1893 and 1894 the present beautiful rectory was built. Father Treanor remained as head of the parish for nearly thirteen years, leaving it to take charge of St. Patrick's Parish, Norwich. During this period of change, Rev. Thomas Shelley was in charge of the parish, and the school and convent were erected about ten years ago. In October, 1912, Father Treanor returned and has been active in the work of building up the church of which he was the founder. In this period he has added another story to the school building, giving the parish a fine hall for its own immediate purposes. The census of the parish is now about three thousand. The attendance at the four masses Sunday is about two thousand two hundred. The parochial school has an attendance of 450 and is in charge of ten sisters. st. ann's church St. Ann's Parish was founded in April, 1886, to provide services for the French Catholic population. Rev. Joseph Fones, who was at that time pastor of St. John's Parish, Watertown, was given this additional charge and services were held in the old Universalist Chapel on Grand Street. The first service was held on May 2, 1886. During the following year, Father Fones devoted his entire time to St. Ann's and purchased the lot on which the present edifice stands. Rev. J. E. Bourret succeeded him and planned the work of building the magnifi- cent church which it is hoped will soon be dedicated. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 127 Rev. Joseph E. Senesac, his successor, who died April 16, 1906. undertook the actual erection of the magnificent new church at South Main and Dover streets. Trihutes were paid to his work when the cornerstone of the edifice was laid hy Right Rev. Michael Tiemey, Bishop of Hartford., on May 27, 1906, a little over a month after he had passed away. Father A. R. Grolleau, pastor of St. Aim's Church, Fall River, delivered the sermon in French. The clergy of the entire diocese participated. The exterior of the church is now complete, hut the interior work is still unfinished, the basement, which will eventually he the parish hall, heing used for church services. Rev. Ernest A. Lamontagne built the new convent six years ago. The school too has heen greatly enlarged and is conducted by eighteen Sisters of the Holy (■host, who in 1906 succeeded the Notre Dame Sisters. The property of the parish today comprises the magnificent church which is built of granite and Vermont blue marble, two schools, the assembly hall, the rectory and the convent. The census of the parish places the population at 4,000. The enrollment in the school is 650. Father Lamontagne has taken a deep interest in the organization of the social work of the church, all the societies having large and enthusiastic memberships. He has also organized the St. John the Baptist Guards, a semi-military organiza- tion, and a troop of Boy Scouts. st. Cecilia's parish The formation by the German Catholics of Waterbury of a Holy Family Society in April, 1892, was the auspicious beginning of St. Cecilia's Parish. Even before the organization of the parish the land on Scovill Street, on which the church now stands, was purchased. On November 10, 1892, Rev. Farrell Martin, D. D., who had been assistant at the Immaculate Conception, was made pastor of the new parish, and the first services were held in the chapel of the Sisters of Notre Dame. The cornerstone of the new church was laid July 29, 1894, and the edifice was dedicated November 18, 1894. The master of cere- monies was the Rev. J. H. O'Donnell of Watertown. High mass was celebrated by Vicar-general Mulcahy, assisted by the Rev. J. H. Duggan as deacon and the Rev. William Lynch as sub-deacon. A sermon in German was preached by the Rev. John Roser, O. S. F., and one in English by the Rev. L. A. Delury, O. S. A. The building is 95 feet long by 56 feet wide on the front, and has a seat- ing capacity of about six hundred. The design is purely Gothic ; the material is pallet brick with brown stone trimmings. There are three large entrance doors at the front, with six lancet windows just above, and over these a large rose window, glazed with opalescent glass in beautiful tints. Three aisles lead to the chancel rail and through three separate gates into the sanctuary. Within are three altars, the main altar in the center and the altars of the Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph on either side. The main windows are of figured glass. Directly over the central altar is the figure of St. Cecilia with pandean pipes. Additional windows represent other saints, the Holy Family and the immaculate Conception. During the pastorate of Doctor Martin the rectory was also built. Father Martin was succeeded in the pastorate five years ago by the present pastor, Father Reinhard Bardeck. According to the last church census, there are in the parish about seven hundred Catholic families, approximately three thousand souls. Father Bardeck is a graduate of St. John'- Seminary, at Brighton, near 128 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Boston, and was ordained in 1900 at Hartford. He was assistant in Rockville for three years, and before coming to Waterbury had been parish priest of a German congregation in Hartford. ST. FRANCIS XAVIER PARISH St. Francis Xavier Parish was formed November 30, 1895. On December 3, 1895, Rev. Jeremiah J. Curtin took charge as pastor and began the building up of this great parish, a monument to his labors of nearly twenty-two years. On December 30, 1895, the temporary rectory at the corner of Washington and Baldwin streets was occupned by Father Curtin. On January 2, 1896, the first mass was held for the parish at the auditorium. On December 3, 1902, the present site for the new church was purchased and the cornerstone was laid with impressive services by Bishop Tierney of Hartford on November 1, 1903. The basement chapel was dedicated on November 12, 1905, and the entire church was opened with solemn services on March 4, 1907. While the church was building, the rectory was also under way and was ready for occupancy in 1905. The church is a beautiful edifice. It is 138 feet long, j6 feet wide. The auditorium is 85 feet long and 68 feet wide. The apex of the ceiling is 55 feet from the floor. The tower is 140 feet above the ground elevation. Its seating capacity is 1,150. Father Curtin also built in 1914 the parish hall for boys and opened a fine playground with tennis courts in the rear of the present church property. The census of the parish places its Catholic population at 3,000. At the five Sunday masses, the attendance is about two thousand. Rev. James J. Egan succeeded to the pastorate, coming from New Milford, Conn., July 11, 1917. He is a graduate of Laval University, Montreal. His assistants are Fathers John P. Kennedy and Edward Ouinn. st. Joseph's parish St. Joseph's Parish, consisting of the Lithuanian Catholics of Waterbury, was organized in 1894. The Rev. Joseph Zabris was appointed pastor on March 28th. The first mass was celebrated on April 1st, in Mitchell's Block on Bank Street. On September 28th the Dreher property was purchased and the erection of a church was begun on October 6th. On Thanksgiving Day, November 29, 1894, the cornerstone was laid with the usual services. Vicar-general John A. Mulcahy performed the ceremony with Dr. Farrell Martin as sub-deacon. The address of the occasion was delivered by the Rev. Joseph Jaksztys. first in the Lithuanian and then in the Polish language. The Lithuanian Catholics had, however, been organized for some years prior to the building of their church. In fact, the date of the actual founding of St. Joseph's Church is given as May 1, 1892. Father Zabris was succeeded twenty years ago by the Rev. Peter Saurusaitis, who had been ordained priest by Cardinal Gibbons. During his pastorate the parish has grown so that it now numbers 6,000 souls. The new church, which has since been erected, has a seating capacity of 800 and at the four Sunday masses it is estimated that the total attendance is about three thousand. The rectory has also been constructed within the decade, and a new school has been added to the small old school, the early church structure which the parish soon outgrew. The new school is directly SACRED HEART CHURCH AND RECTORY, WATERBURY CHURCH OF OCR LADY OF LorilDKS. WATKKIJU! Y WATKKl'.lkY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 129 opposite the church. The school attendance is placed at 900, with sixteen sisters in charge. The convent is at the corner of Liberty and South Main streets. In this convent, which is strictly speaking St. Ann's Parish, other sisters are also housed. These look after the sick and do other beneficent parish work. A notable event, June 10, 1917. was the celebration of his first mass by Father Joseph A. Yankovsky, a young man who was born and raised in Waterbury. The assistant in the parish is Father Valantiejus. ST. THOMAS PARISH St. Thomas Parish was organized September 25, 1898, although the church which had been erected by Monsignor Slocum at Crown and Beacon streets was for some years a chapel of the Parish of the Immaculate Conception. Father Timothy Crowley, now in New London, was its first pastor. He built the school and convent and in the former there are now 350 to 400 children enrolled, with the sisters in charge. The convent was erected opposite the school. The church census places the Catholic population of the parish at 2,200. Rev. F. J. Lally, the present pastor, succeeded Father James Cunningham, who died a year after coming to the church. Father Lally has been in the pastorate six years, coming here from Poquonock Parish. He is a graduate of the seminary at St. Bonaventure, Allegany, N. Y. Father William Kennedy was the first curate, Rev. Timothy Sullivan suc- ceeding him. Fathers Joseph Ryan, John Brennan and Wm. O'Brien followed, and the curate today is Father D. T. Moran. OUR LADY OF LOURDES PARISH It is in the Italian parish of "Our Lady of Lourdes" that the phenomenal growth has taken place, estimates of the church census being placed at figures ranging from 15,000 to 20,000. This is easily an increase of 7,000 in five years, and perhaps 5,000 in two years. In the year 1899 the Italian Catholics of Waterbury were organized into Our Lady of Lourdes Parish by the Rev. Father Michael A. Karam, the first pastor, at the request of the Right Rev. Bishop Tierney. Before Father Karam's appointment, the Italians were under the pastoral charge of the Rev. Dr. Martin of St. Cecilia's German Parish. On June 11, 1899, Father Karam said the first mass for the Italian Catholics of Waterbury in a building on Canal Street. On Sunday, October 25, 1903, the cornerstone of Our Lady of Lourdes Church was laid by Right Rev. Bishop Tierney, in the presence of an assemblage of between 10,000 and 12,000 people. During the year 1905, the new rectory of gray brick, in the same style as the church, was erected, and in the following year Father Karam built in the rear of the rectory a small convent and school. One of the most notable celebrations the Italians have ever given in this city was held at the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes on May 19, 1908, on which day the pastor of the Church of Our Lady of Lourdes celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of his entrance into the priesthood. An interesting feature of the occasion was a gift to Father Karam from Pope Pius X of a large photograph on which the Holy Father had written a few words of blessing and his autograph. The new church on South Main Street was dedicated on Sunday, February 14, 1909. with a solemn high mass, the Rev. Michael A. Karam being the celebrant, ' Vol. 1—9 130 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY the Right Rev. Monsignor John Synnott, administrator of the Diocese of Hart- ford, making the dedicatory ceremony. The exercises were simple and impressive. The church has a frontage of 70 feet on South Main Street and is 127 feet in depth. The height of the nave or body of the church is 55 feet, and the campanile or bell tower is 100 feet in height. The basement was first completed and roofed over, and used for a number of years for church services, and was occupied also while the super-structure was being built. The general plan consists of a high nave, lighted by clerestory windows, with two aisles. Each aisle terminates in a semi-circular apse in which the side altars are placed. The main altar is also placed in a large semi-circular apse, surrounded by an entablature and columns in which are arches and niches for the numerous statues with which the interior is adorned. The exterior of the church is built of gray pressed brick and trimmed with Indiana limestone and terra cotta. The main roofs are of slate. The campanile, which was afterwards destroyed, was built near the rear after the manner of Italian churches. The rectory is on the north side, adjoining the church, and in the rear of this is the school and convent, both incorporated in one building. On November 9, 1912, the present pastor, Rev. Joseph Valdambrini, took charge of the parish. On April 8, 1916, part of the roof, the interior of the tower and part of the ceiling were destroyed by fire. By Christmas, 1916, the church had not alone been completely repaired, save the restoration of the tower, but ten new windows had been placed in the edifice. The attendance at the Sunday masses is between 2,000 and 2,500. The Sunday School has an attendance of between 700 and 800. It has not been found, however, feasible to continue the parochial school. Father Felix Scoglini is the assistant. st. Margaret's parish St. Margaret's Parish was organized July 29, 1910, Rev. Edward J. Brennan, the present pastor, having been named to take charge. The church was built at once to meet the needs of the district. In the following year the rectory was built. Two years ago the school was opened, with eight large class rooms and on the top floor a fine hall, seating 400 people. Ten sisters were brought from the Mother House at Hartford, and are in charge of the school. At present the convent on Chestnut Avenue is rented. A large plot of ground has been purchased at Ludlow and Willow streets, on which Father Brennan hopes soon to be able to erect a new church and convent. The census of the parish places its Catholic population at 2,100. The attendance at the four masses is placed at t,6oo. The school enrollment is between 200 and 300. Rev. Edward J. Brennan was chaplain in the United States Navy for eight years before coming to Waterbury. He had also been at St. John's, New Haven, and St. Francis in Torrington. The curate now is Father William Kilcoyne, who succeeded Father John Quinn. BLESSED SACRAMENT PARISH The Church of the Blessed Sacrament was organized May 7, 191 1, incorporat- ing the following month. Its first pastor, Rev. Terence D. Smith, who had been in charge of a parish at Watertown, began at once the erection of the church and WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK \ ALLEY 131 the rectory and these were ready for dedication the following year. The census places the Catholic population of the parish at 850. The attendance at its two masses Sunday is 450. tts Sunday School attendance is 120. Rev. Edward A. Flannery succeeded to the pastorate May 3, 1917, Father Smith going to Bridge- port to found a new parish. Father Flannery came from I lazardville, where he had been in charge of the parish for fifteen years. Father John II. Landry is curate. Father Flannery and his assistant also look after the spiritual needs of the Catholics at Brookside and at the Waterbury Hospital. ST. STANISLAUS PARISH ( »n July 7, 1012, St. Stanislaus Church was organized, its incorporation tak- ing place in February, 19 13. This is the Polish parish and the census gives it about one thousand three hundred souls. It is at present worshipping in the basement of what will be its church structure on East Farm Street. It has an attendance of 200 at masses, and 105 in its Sunday School. Rev. Theodore Zimmerman has been in charge of the parish for the past three years. st. Michael's parish For some years there had been a growing need for a church at Waterville, and in 1897 Father Gleeson, of St. Patrick's, Waterbury, erected a chapel on Thomaston Avenue, as a part of his parish. This later, in 1902, became 'St. Michael's parish, with Father Matthew J. Traynor in charge. He was at the head of the parish for fifteen vears, being succeeded on Mav 2, 1917, by Rev. David R. O'Donnell. The census places the Catholic population at 1,000. The attendance at the two Sunday masses is 600. Father Traynor built the rectory and enlarged the church during his pastor- ate. He also purchased the ground on Thomaston Avenue, just above the pres- ent site, and on this it is proposed to erect a new edifice at an early date. OTHER CATHOLIC ACTIVITIES The Academy of Xotre Dame, which is in charge of fourteen sisters, was established here forty-eight years ago, and supplies not alone a graded and high school curriculum, but has needlework, art and commercial courses as well. The main building was erected in 1889. The institute is affiliated with the Catholic University at Washington. Of the Catholic societies, the largest and most prominent is Sheridan Council, No. 24, Knights of Columbus, instituted May 2, 1885, which has a membership of 900. Sheridan Council meets in Knights of Columbus Hall at East Main Street and Phoenix Avenue, and also occupies the floor below the meeting hall as a club. This contains its beautiful library, has a lounging room and dining room, and is exclusively for the use of the members of Sheridan Council. The officers of this council are : Grand knight, John L. Gafifney ; deputy grand knight, Timothy F. P>arry ; chancellor. James F. Colwell ; financial secretary, Thomas D. Behan ; recorder, Wm. F. Guilfoile : acting treasurer, Carl J. Schultze ; warden. John D. Tierney. 132 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Barcelona Council, No. 24, Knights of Columbus, has a membership of 100. It also meets in Knights of Columbus Hall. Its principal officers are : Grand knight, William F. Ryan ; recording secre- tary, Thomas Dodd ; financial secretary, Michael F. Conlan ; treasurer, Walter E. Monagan. The Catholic Benevolent Legion, of which John McElligott is president and Capt. P. F. Bannon is secretary, has a membership of about fifty. The Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion was founded ten years ago. Its first president was Miss A. J. Corden. Miss Katherine E. Conway is its presi- dent now, Miss Elizabeth Guilfoile is its secretary, and Miss Jennie Bergen is its treasurer. THE HOLY NAME SOCIETIES In each of the Catholic parishes of Waterbury there is organized a subordinate branch of the Holy Name Society. Several of these branches are in a very flour- ishing condition and are an important factor in the life and work of the parish. The membership is restricted to men, and the roster of the society in each parish contains the names of the most representative and loyal members of the parish. In many parishes junior Holy Name societies have been organized, for the pur- pose and with the result of bringing together maturing boys under noble influences and guiding them safely through the dangers that beset their paths during the interim between completed school days and early manhood. Within the past decade notable advancement has been made by the Holy Name societies of Waterbury. A Holy Name Athletic League has been formed to furnish healthful recreation to the younger men, social entertainments under Christian influences are held at the parish halls during the winter time, and frequent addresses made by the city's ablest men on topics of local and national interest provide educational entertainment at the society meetings. Perhaps the most notable celebration of a civic-religious nature, in which the citizens of Waterbury ever took part, was held in Waterbury, June 10, 1913, the occasion of the State Meeting of the Holy Name Societies of Connecticut. On that day the entire membership of the local branches of the society, together with delegations, in many instances comprising entire societies, from almost every city and town in Connecticut, marched in parade through the principal streets of the city, and then assembled in the spacious playgrounds of Saint Mary's Parochial School, on East Main Street. There they listened to patriotic and religious orations by Rev. Luke Fitzsimons, who acted as master of cere- monies, Bishop John Joseph Nilan of the Hartford diocese, and Lieutenant Gov- ernor Lyman T. Tingier of the State of Connecticut. There also Bishop Nilan officiated at the benediction of the Most Blessed Sacrament, with Father Fitz- simons acting as his assistant. To Rev. Martin Keating, then a young curate at the Immaculate Conception Church, now a chaplain in the United States Army, is due in a very lar^e meas- ure the magnificence of this tribute of loyalty to God and country. His inde- fatigable zeal and untiring perseverance planned and carried to fruition the preparations of that day. VERY REV. MONSIGNOR WILLIAM J. SLOCUM On October 22, 1908, there passed away one of Waterbury's greatest prelates, Very Rev. Monsignor Wm. J. Slocum, head of the parish of the Immaculate Conception. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 133 Monsignor Slocum was born on February 6, 1851, in Winsted, the son of Michael and Jane McCormick Slocum, both of whom were natives of Ireland, and had adopted this as their country. He was the last to die of a family of six children — John, Thomas, Michael and Frank Slocum, and one sister, Mrs. James J, Fruin of Waterbury, having passed away. After completing his primary education in the public and parochial schools of Winsted, he was sent to St. Bonaventure's College and Seminary at Allegany, N. Y. There he was conspicuous among his fellow students and held a high rank in his class throughout his course. On June 22, 1876, he received the sacra- ment of Holy Orders at the hands of the Rt. Rev. Stephen V. Ryan, then bishop of Buffalo. St. Peter's, Hartford, was the first parish which saw the young priest's labors. The Rev. Lawrence Walsh, who later became rector of the Church of the Immacu- late Conception in this city, was then the pastor of St. Peter's. Father Slocum was not long in winning a firm place in the affections of the parishioners and his faithfulness at St. Peter's was rewarded by his appointment as curate at St. Patrick's parish in New Haven. This was then, even more than now, one of the most important parishes in the diocese, and in a section, which even in those days, had assumed a cosmopolitan character. Father Slocum proved a very useful and helpful influence. He was under the Very Rev. James Lynch, then vicar-general of the diocese, as well as pastor of St. Patrick's, and had a large part of the city to look after. During that period he was the only priest in New Haven, for some time, who heard the confessions of the Italian residents. They had no church of their own at that time and Father Slocum was their chaplain during the greater part of his time in New Haven. The Rev. Jeremiah Fitzpatrick succeeded Father Lynch in the pastorate while Father Slocum was still at St. Patrick's in New Haven, and, owing to the pastor's illness, the young curate was called upon to take up much of the executive work. From there he was assigned to St. Patrick's in Hartford, under the Rt. Rev. Bishop McMahon, then the head of the diocese of Hartford. His first appointment as pastor was made on May 1, 1883, when he took charge of the parish at Norwalk. There he displayed splendid executive ability and the parish made rapid strides spiritually and materially. He was made permanent rector there in 1886. Twelve years his life was given to his people and his parish in Norwalk, and with such splendid results that Catholics and non-Catholics were loath to have him relinquish his place there to come to Waterbury. It required the earnest solicitation of the new head of the diocese, the late Rt. Rev. Bishop Tierney, to win his consent to the change. He succeeded the Very Rev. John A. Mulcahy here as permanent rector of the Church of the Immaculate Conception on Septem- ber n, 1895. It was noticeable from the very first that under his administration the parish and Waterbury were to progress rapidly. Within a year he had reclaimed a large part of St. Joseph's cemetery, the old cemetery, and three years after he came here he purchased the present new St. Joseph's Cemetery. The year of 1898 was marked as one of the most complete in accomplish- ment in his entire career, for not only did he secure the new cemetery, but he purchased the site and building of the present St. Thomas's Church. He paid half of the entire debt on St. Thomas's parish at the time he turned the property over to the people in that district. Two years later, in 1900, the work of renovating the interior of the Church of the Immaculate Conception was undertaken at a cost of $12,000. 134 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In 1 90 1 the parish responded to another call and the Mulcahy Memorial Hall was erected, with a fine library and gymnasium. This gave the Catholic school children an institution which is enjoyed by comparatively few primary grammar schools in the country. Two years later the erection of St. Mary's Grammar School, on Cole Street, was undertaken, and at that time too the heating plant for all the parochial buildings on Cole street was erected. St. Mary's Day Nursery, supplying a long felt want, was purchased and opened in the year 1904, and, in 1906, Father Slocum purchased the land on which St. Mary's Hospital is now standing, at the corner of Franklin and Union streets. After this site had been secured, the crowning event in Father Slocum's career came when he announced that his his entire private fortune had been turned over to found the new hospital, the establishment of which had been one of his greatest desires From time to time during his career the success and the many evidences of remarkable zeal and ability of the priest reached the fathers of the church in the higher offices and it was no great surprise when the announcement came that Pope Pius X had elevated him to the rank of domestic prelate, "protonotaries ad instar," and given him the title of very reverend and monsignor. He was elevated to that office on January 3, 1907, at one of the most impres- sive and imposing ceremonies ever held in this state, the late Bishop Tierney performing the office in person. REV. JEREMIAH J. CURTIN The Rev. Jeremiah J. Curtin. who came to Waterbury in 1895 as pastor of St. Francis Xavier Church, and whose death occurred on June 18, 1917, was one of the great factors in the spiritual growth of the community. Within two years from the beginning of his pastorate, he undertook to clean out the evil influences in the bounds of his parish as far as that was possible. He found that within its limits the saloons were flagrantly violating the law by selling liquor to children. When the owners resented his interference, he filed remonstrances against fourteen of them, engaged an attorney to plead his cause, and had every license permanently revoked. This was but the beginning of his battle for civic righteousness. He then fought for the Sunday closing of saloons, and that too he took into the courts, winning his victory only after a long legal struggle, in which appeals were taken to the higher courts. Xot satisfied with the work he had accomplished in his own parish, he extended his battle from the limits of his parish on Baldwin Street to Scovill Bridge. Father Curtin was not an advocate of total abstinence, but he was against the abuse of any and all civic privileges. He was afraid of no man and held as an enemy all those who were lawless and backed every man who believed in law and order and good government. Father Curtin was forever fighting for civic betterments. There was hardly a single month in his Waterbury life in which he was not struggling for the open- ing of a street, the building of new sewers, the improvement of fire-fighting facilities, both within and without his parish. He was a lover of the beautiful and pleaded for sightly lawns and gardens. On this subject he wrote and even preached. He was constantly using the papers for the advocacy of some much- needed civic betterment, and was never afraid to express his opinions over his own name. In his own parish he started societies for young men. He encouraged his WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 135 "lads"' to go to night school, to acquire a foundation for sound business methods. In a word, he became a great moral power in the community, — perhaps one of the greatest in its history. He died after thirty-seven years of labor as a Catholic clergyman on June [8, i Mi 7. at the rectory on Baldwin Street. Father Curtin was horn in New Britain, April 1, 1856. He was educated in St. Mary's Parochial School in that city, from which he was graduated in 1872. In the fall of the same year he entered Holy Cross College and was graduated in 1877. lie entered the Grand Seminary at Montreal in the same year, and was ordained by the Most Rev. MonsignOr Fabre, archbishop of Montreal, on I )ecember 18. 1880. His first appointment in this diocese was as assistant to Rev. J. T. McMahon, pastor of St. Mary's Church and missions at East Hartford. On November 25, [882, he was appointed assistant to Rev. J. J. Furlong of St. Bernard's Church and missions of Rockville. He was appointed pastor of St. Francis Xavier's Church and missions in Xew Milford. and on December 3, 1895, ne came to St. Francis Xavier's Church of Waterbury, where he remained until his death. Father Curtin was a man of superior mental ability and of a genial and friendly disposition. At Holy Cross College he was a brilliant student and went through the curriculum of seven years in six. He was the manager of the first baseball team that ever represented Holy Cross and took great pride in follow- ing up the success of the college in athletics. He received the degree of B. A. at Holy Cross College, and the degree of S. T. B. at the Grand Seminary in Montreal. He said his first mass in Waterbury in the Auditorium, in which place the members of bis congregation first gathered. He then built the church on Wash- ington Street, which is now known as Xaverien Hall. In 1905, he built the present church of St. Francis Xavier. Under his care the parish grew from a mere handful of people to the present size, which has a congregation of over three thousand people. m'givney day On Tune 8, 1901, the Knights of Columbus of Greater New York made a pilgrimage to Waterbury to celebrate high mass in honor of the late Father Michael J. McGivney, founder of the order. Father William J. Slocum delivered the sermon of the day. At its close the pilgrims conducted a service at the grave of Father McGivney in St. Joseph's Cemetery. The order was founded at New Haven in 1882, while Father McGivney. who wns a native of Waterbury. was stationed in that city. It was the solution of the problem of establishing a national beneficiary organization which would work in conformitv with the levels of the Roman Catholic Church. It was on April 27, [885, when the total membership of the order was still less than a thousand that Waterbury Catholics organized Sheridan Council largely as a tribute to the founder, who was one of the notable priests produced by the Immaculate Con- ception Parish. A feature of the pilgrimage was the presence of two members of the Mc- I rivney family. Rev. John J. and Rev. P. J. McGivney. both of whom spoke on the order of the Knights of Columbus. CHAPTER X CIVIC ARCHITECTURE OF A QUARTER CENTURY BUCKINGHAM BUILDING, UNION DEPOT, CITY HALL, CHASE OFFICE BUILDING AND WATERBURY CLUB LINCOLN BUILDING PLANNED BY FAMOUS NEW YORK ARCHI- TECTS COURTHOUSE PLANNED BY WILFRED E. GRIGGS, ONE OF MOST BEAUTIFUL STRUCTURES IN NEW ENGLAND FINE BUSINESS BLOCKS AND RESIDENCES, SUPERB WORK OF LOCAL ARCHITECTS — THE VARIOUS ARCHITECTURAL PERIODS AND BUILD- INGS THAT ILLUSTRATE THEM — WATERBURY's HOUSING PROBLEM. Waterbury is ideally located for architectural effects. Its wooded hills, rising gradually from a wide basin, have given its home builders and designers oppor- tunities of which they were not slow to take advantage. The effort in the last quarter century to make it a city beautiful has been thoroughly co-operative in the business section as well. There has never been any serious opposition to the widening of important thoroughfares, such as Bank and Grand streets, nor to the erection of city buildings of which its people may well be proud. No finer architectural effects can be found in New England than the present City Hall or the Waterbury Hospital, designed on classical lines by Robert Bacon of New York, which in its Parthenon-like facade brings out ideally the beauties of the strikingly effective location. Not alone have its own architects risen to the occasion, but they have been ably assisted by the best talent in America. McKim, Mead & White, the architects of some of the greatest buildings in America, planned the Union Station of the New Haven Railroad, a fine Italian Renaissance effect with a tower following the famous Campanile in Siena, Italy. The Buckingham Block, on Grand and Bank streets, was also designed by this famous firm. Of outside work, either finished or under way, the buildings designed by Cass Gilbert of New York will add most to the architectural beauty of Water- bury. The first of these is, of course, the new City Hall on Grand Street, a structure planned along Colonial lines. The others which are now under way are the Chase office building at Grand and Leavenworth streets, and the new Waterbury Club. In both of these structures, as with the City Hall, Mr. Gilbert is giving Waterbury buildings that will class with the finest in America. In the Chase office building, he has conformed to a great extent to the general lines of the City Hall Building on the opposite side of the street. Its effect is to be colonial. It will be four stories, with a 243-foot frontage on Grand Street and 98 on Church and Leavenworth streets. The exterior will be of limestone and granite construction, with high fluted columns. The interior will be largely marble trim. The Waterbury Club Building is also Colonial in style. The Lincoln Building, on Field Street opposite the City Hall, constructed for the United Charities and recently occupied, was also planned by Cass Gilbert. The American Brass Company's massive office building, completed in 1913, was built from plans made by Trowbridge & Livingston of New York. It is of 136 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 137 brick and steel construction, fireproof throughout, and its long, high corridor with its domed center is an exceedingly artistic effect. The building is constructed on a partial crescent. But the list of outside architects who have had a hand in the planning of business blocks, churches, schools and houses in Waterbury is a long one, and will appear as the article progresses. To local architects the greatest credit is due, for most of its structures are home products in which its citizens take a commendable pride. The work of Wilfred E. Griggs and of Theodore B. Peck is especially notable. These may be termed the deans of the profession in Waterbury, and their work adorns not alone the business and residence sections of this city, but is in evidence in the suburban districts in the form of attractive country homes. Perhaps the most pretentious single building is the courthouse on Kendrick Street, from the plans of Wilfred E. Griggs,, and completed in 1905. Its general style is renaissance, and its pillars give it a majestic appearance. As a matter of fact, it needs a wider street to bring out its many architectural beauties. In the same year he planned the five-story Elton Hotel, which replaced the old Scovill home, one of the best illustrations of Colonial architecture in the city. It is to be regretted that the building was not moved to another location. The largest and finest equipped office structure in Waterbury is the Lilley Building, eight stories high. This was completed July 1, 191 2, and is of fireproof construction, with reinforced concrete floors and partitions of gypsum blocks. Its cost was approximately a quarter of a million. It contains 2 large stores and 150 offices, and with its double electric elevator service is the most modern of the buildings in its class in W T aterbury. This also is from the plans of Mr. Griggs. The Masonic Temple, completed in 191 1, the four-story Boys' Club on Cottage Place, built in 1901, the Odd Fellows' Hall, dedicated in 1895, and built on Venetian Gothic lines, the Young Men's Christian Association, opened in 1S92, which was a beautiful addition to the architecture of the Green, and the Mattatuck Historical Society Museum are among the public buildings of which plans were furnished by Mr. Griggs. To Theodore B. Peck also belongs the credit of much of the best architectural work in Waterbury. Apothecaries' Hall, which was opened in 1894, is still one of the finest of the city's business blocks. It is ideally located, with its frontage at the junction of South Main and Bank streets, the wide open space bringing out all the beauties of Mr. Peck's plans. Though built in the earlier period of this quarter century, it is as impressive as any of those of more recent construction. The Waterbury American Building on Grand Street, built in the same period, is from the plans of Mr. Peck. It was a matter of congratulation that it went through the conflagration of 1902 with but comparatively little damage. Perhaps the finest examples of the work of Mr. Peck in Waterbury are the Waterbury Industrial School Building on Central Avenue and the Citizens Na- tional Bank Building facing on the Green. Another of his effective designs is that made for the Schlegel home on Clowes Terrace, which has just been completed. This is one of the best illustrations of Romanesque architecture in New England. To this should also be added the beautiful Colonial home built by Mr. Peck for C. E. Spencer, Jr., on the Middle- bury Road, and recently occupied. Joseph A. Jackson, now of New York, but for years a Waterbury architect, has done much fine work here, particularly in the matter of church and school construction. From his plans are the convents of Notre Dame and St. Mary, 138 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY St. Patrick's Hall, the Crosby High School and the Bank and Clay street schools. He drew the plans for some of the finest blocks built in the city since the fire, including the Jones-Morgan Building, opened in 1903, the Republican Block on Grand Street, built in 1907, the Carroll at Willow and Pine streets, one of Water- bury 's finest apartment houses, the Aldrich at 287-291 North Main Street, the judd Block, 158-160 Grand Street, built since the fire, the Manufacturers' National Bank Building, built in 1896, and the Moriarty Building, 161-167 East Main Street, built after the fire. The work of E. E. Benedict, of Freney & Jackson, of Lewis A. Walsh, of Joseph T. Smith, of C. Jerome Bailey, is everywhere in evidence, and has added much to the architectural beauty of the city. The last twenty-five years have witnessed what may be termed the trans- formation of the business section of the city. Growth had much to do with this, for with added population came the need of many extensions. But the fire of 1902 was by no means an insignificant factor in the architectural regeneration of the city. To this calamity W r aterbury owes the uniformity which marks its blocks in the sections which were rebuilt. Aside from those already mentioned, there were built in 1903 such blocks as the Commercial Building, 110-112 Bank Street, built for W. LI. Camp, and planned by Griggs ; the Cowell-Guilfoile Building, 186-196 ( J rand Street, from plans by Joseph T. Smith ; the Holmes Building, 132-136 Grand Street, occupied in 1904; the Meigs Building, 105-109 Bank Street; the Mullings and Piatt buildings, 83-103 Bank Street, built from the plans of a Boston firm. One of the latest additions to the business blocks of Waterbury is the Democrat I'.uilding at Grand and Canal streets, planned by Joseph T. Smith, which was com- pleted in 1916. The Standard Building, 14-20 North Main Street, which was built from the plans by Griggs in 1912, is now to be completely remodeled for occupancy next year by the Mohican Company. The Telephone Building, at 18 Leavenworth Street, was occupied in 1914 and is from plans made by the company in its New York office. One of the most artistic of the business homes of Waterbury is the building at the corner of West Main and Leavenworth streets, "built for the Colonial Trust Company from plans by Davis & Brooks of Hartford. It is not a large structure, but thoroughly artistic and makes a valuable addition to the architecture at the Center. The Barlow, 59-67 Grand Street, built from plans by Griggs, was put up in 1909. The Boston Furniture Company Block, at South Main and Scovill streets, is from plans by Theodore B. Peck and is one of the best of the newer business build- ings of Waterbury. The Capitol Building, 30-34 North Main Street, from plans by C. Jerome Bailey, is an effective piece of business architecture. The Hamp- son Building. 91-99 West Main Street, which is from plans by Griggs, and one of the largest business blocks in the city, was built in 19 10. The Truman S. Lewis block, 25-31 West Main Street, from the plans of Mr. Griggs, was erected in 1903. Russell's Block, 149-55 B ar >k Street, from the plans of Joseph T. Smith, is also (if comparatively recent construction. Aside from the Elton Hotel, Waterbury still lacks pretentious hotel structures. Both the Kingsbury and Hodson buildings are quite good looking edifices, but have been built upon older structures, a remodeling which can never bring out the best in architecture. Waterbury is fortunate in having some of the finest apartment buildings in New England. The Carroll and the Carrolton on Willow Street, from plans by Joseph T. Jackson, were put up in 1906 and 1907, and are model structures of this class. So is The Buckingham, 292 West Main Street, which is from plans by Griggs. THE DEMOCRAT AXI) THE BARLOW BUILDINGS, WATKRIU'RY PART OF "BANKERS' ROW," SHOWING THE BOLMES BUILDING, WATERBUR1 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 139 Among" other apartment buildings that are worthy of notice and that have added to the architectural beauty of Waterbury may be mentioned the Aldrich, 287-291 North Main Street, from plans by Joseph T. Jackson ; the Albemarle, from plans by Griggs; Bergin's Block, 246-256 East Main Street, and the l'.olan, 50-52 Mitchell Avenue, both from plans by Freney & Jackson; the Frederick, 70-80 Easl Main Street, from plans by Theodore B. Peck; the I lendrieken. 317 North Main Street, from plans by Joseph T. Smith; the Hitchcock, [64 West Main Street, and the Northrop. [82 West Main Street, from plans by Griggs; the Victoria, 278 East Main Street ; the Royal. 41 ( )ooke Street, and the Westerly, [33 West Main Street. It is quite certain now that the next year will see the completion of the new Y. M. C A. Building on the site of the old Baptist Church on Grand Street. This will make that thoroughfare a veritable civic center for Waterbury. There are two public buildings, — the Bronson Library and the Postoffice,-^- which come into this quarter century period. The Bronson Library was com- pleted, in August, [894, and is from plans by Cady, Berg & See, of New York. It is of brick, terra cotta and tile construction, and in style Italian Renaissance. Its most beautiful feature is unquestionably its great, overhanging main cornice The Postoffice is modeled on the artistic plan followed by the Government in the construction of these buildings everywhere. It was completed and occupied in 1 1 .04. Roughly estimated, there have been added to Waterbury factories in the past twenty-five years buildings that are valued conservatively by the manufacturers themselves at about fifty million dollars. The strong tendency here in the past few years has been to reinforced concrete, although most of the building has been what may be termed of slow-burning construction, which means heavy plank floors, leaving few places where fire can catch. Some of the Chase, the American Brass, and the newer Scovill buildings are of reinforced concrete. A visit to the factory districts shows a vast change in the matter of construc- tion in a decade. The older buildings are largely brick ; the newer ones are mostly steel sash and glass. The Chase Metal Works, the Chase Rolling Mills and the Waterbury Manufacturing Co., which comprise the Chase interests, have expended several million dollars Jn improvements during the past few years. The American I'.rass Co. has erected practically all of its Waterbury buildings, remodeling only a few of the old ones, in the past twelve years. Perhaps the greatest amount of construction was done at the Scovill works, and the additions to buildings during the war period alone have amounted to sev- eral millions. This work has been in charge of Hugh L. Thompson, civil engineer. The Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Co. has made big improvements and is building some model factories as additions to its equipment now. A list of those companies that have built or are building extensive additions will read almost like a list of the factories of Waterbury. Thus, the Bristol Co., at Platts Mills, has added one or more buildings every year for a decade. The Waterbury Bat- ten ( o., Blake & Johnson. Steele & Johnson, the American Mills Co.. the Amer- ican Pin Co., the Rowbottom Machine Co., the Waterbury Button Co.. the Water- bury Buckle Co.. Smith & Griggs, the Pilling Brass Co.. Berbecker & Rowland Mfg. Co., Waterville. the Manufacturers Foundry Co.. Plume & Atwood Mfg. 1 n.. are among those who have built extensively along modern factory lines dur- ing the past few years. In church architecture. Waterbury has been exceptionally fortunate. Its most recent addition, the Baptist Church, which is from plans by Architect Cramer of Xew York, is classical in style, and entirely different from the Gothic effect which prevails so largely in the construction of church buildings. St. Anne's and St. 140 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Patrick's are both pure Gothic. The Methodist Church, designed by George Kel- ler of Hartford, is severely Gothic. The Italian Church, on South Main Street, Our Lady of Lourdes, is a pure Italian Renaissance, and from the plans of Joseph A. Jackson of New York. St. John's and Trinity, of the Episcopal churches, are pure Gothic. The First Church Congregational is Victorian Gothic, and the Sec- ond Church Congregational is Romanesque. In practically all the other churches Gothic lines have been followed. Waterbury has many beautiful homes and they have followed, as in all Amer- ican cities, the trend of each particular architectural period. Thus, twenty-five years ago, the Queen Anne style prevailed. Later, came the Colonial ; from that the cities passed into a period of what is known as half-timbered construction; then followed stucco houses, and now home building is going back to Colonial style. There was never much bungalow construction in Waterbury, for this pre- supposes level land and large acreages. It is a difficult matter to pick out the beautiful homes that have gone up in the last twenty-five years as illustrations to typify periods, for while only one or two can be mentioned, many deserve really elaborate notices. This is true on practically all the good residence streets, such as the Boulevard, Central Avenue, Prospect Street, Holmes Avenue, Grove Street, Woodlawn Terrace, Hillside Ave- nue, Euclid Avenue, Clowes Terrace, upper Willow Street, Linden Street. There are also many beautiful homes in Bunker Hill, in Overlook and at Fairlawn Manor. Of the Queen Anne style cottages that were built in the first period of this quarter-century, the most typical is perhaps the Charles Benedict house, which afterwards became the Charles Miller House. Another is the home now occupied by R. F. Griggs, but erected originally for Mrs. Mary Mitchell. Another is the home of the late Nelson J. Welton. All of these are on Hillside Avenue, and in their day were among the most prominent houses in Waterbury. The old Doctor Rodman home, on North Main Street, should be included in this list. Of the half-timber construction, the best illustration is the Frisbie home at Grove and Prospect streets, planned by Davis & Brooks of Hartford. The home of Hugh L. Thompson on Pine Street, planned by the same architects, and the Charles Granniss home on Pine Street, are other good examples of this style of architecture. Of stucco houses there are many illustrations and some of very recent con- struction. The Sperry home, built by Davis & Brooks of Hartford, on Bucking- ham Street, and the Seeley home, on Buckingham and Pine, also from plans by Davis & Brooks, are good illustrations of this style of architecture. So is the Arthur R. Kimball home, on Grove Street, and that of Miss Florentine E. Hay- den, on Pine Street, and that built by the late Mrs. Edwin Hayden on the same street. The Colonial period dates forward and back. In fact, some of the best homes that are now going up are of this style of architecture. The residence being built for Miss Martha Driggs, on Prospect Street, from plans by Murphy & Dana, New York, is an excellent illustration of this style. The Alfred Hart Colonial Home, on Buckingham Street, just about completed, and which is from plans by Davis & Brooks, is a fine illustration of the modern application of this ancient American style of architecture. So is the H. L. Wade home, on Prospect Street, from plans by Griggs, and the Gilman C. Hill home, on the corner of Hillside Avenue and Pine Street, and that of John Kellogg, corner of Pine and Buckingham. The Paul D. Hamilton home, on Woodlawn Terrace, built a year ago, is an excellent example of the Colonial type of house architecture. It was planned by Wilfred E. Griggs. THE LEAVENWORTH SPERRY RESIDENCE, WATERBURY RESIDENCE OF JOHN II. loss, BILLSIDE AVENUE, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 141 One of the most beautiful residences now being added to the long list of Waterbury's charming homes is that which is being constructed from plans by Taylor & Levy of New York for Elton YVayland, on Woodlawn Terrace. This is a brick house, built in the English Gothic style. Two beautiful homes designed by Johannes of New York are being built on Buckingham Street for John H. Goss. These two homes are on the block which contains the beautiful Goss residence, built about ten years ago in the Elizabethan style. Another line home which is now going up on Woodlawn Terrace is that planned by Griggs for Truman S. Lewis. This is in Renaissance style and easily one of the most attractive homes in Waterbury. Rose Hill Cottage, on Prospect Street, the Irving H. Chase home, is still one of the show places of Waterbury. It was erected at a time when they built largely for comfort and paid little attention to names. It would therefore be difficult to designate it as illustrating any particular style of architecture, but it remains one of the beautiful homes of Waterbury. There are not many buildings in the city built with the old tile roof and shingles. The Frederick S. Chase home, on Grove Street, next to the Kimball home, is a good illustration of this, and shows how effectively this little-used style of architecture responds to practical use. The home of Miss Helen Chase, on Grove Street, designed by Cram, Goodyear and Ferguson of New York, is a typical English country house. The home of W. S. R. Wake, at the upper end of Willow Street, is also built largely on this English country home style, and with its large acreage is one of the real residence attractions of the city. The C. P. Goss home, designed by Theodore B. Peck, and located at the corner of Hillside Avenue and Pine, is another of these old country home structures which look as cosy from the outside as they are on the inside. waterbury's housing problem The housing problem has been perhaps the most important economic outcome of the war period. Soon after the beginning of hostilities, with the enormous munition orders and the vast increases in Waterbury's factory equipments, the tremendous growth and expansion of the city soon began to manifest itself in the lack of suitable and adequate housing facilities, especially for the inflowing foreign population. The supply of vacant houses and living quarters was quickly ex- hausted, thereby multiplying the difficulties and hardships already prevalent in the congested districts. These serious conditions immediately aroused several of the leading industrial organizations to activity, which resulted in the formulation of comprehensive plans and means for relieving the condition by construction of workmen's houses. The first meeting of those interested in providing a more adequate supply of suitable houses for workingmen in Waterbury was held on Thursday evening, February 10, 1916. It had already been made evident that the pressing need just at present was a greatly increased supply of low-priced houses or apartments for Waterbury workingmen. Therefore, it was decided that the main effort of the committee should be exerted towards this end. At that meeting, at the suggestion of the heads of some of the largest plants in the city. John Nolen, of Cambridge, Mass., submitted an outline as a proposed general method of procedure in the investigation. On February 14, 1916, Mayor Scully appointed the following members of the Waterbury housing committee : E. S. Hunt, Eugene Kerner, R. A. Cairns, F. S. 142 VVATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Chase, J. P. Elton, John H. Goss. Mr. Hunt was made chairman and Mr. Kerner secretary. At Mr. Nolen's request, this committee sent out a questionaire, to which there was a general response. This gave a basis of existing conditions. In the Nolen report, the recommendation was made that the main effort be put upon providing single-family dwellings for Class A, that is, for the family whose weekly income exceeds its weekly expenses by an amount sufficient to enable it, within a reasonable period, to become the owner of its home. This family, in Mr. Nolen's opinion, was best provided for in the single family detached or the double semi-detached house, but the building operation was not to be confined to any one type of house. In fact, because of the difference in taste and personal preference, all the approved types submitted should be used. But some single- family houses completely detached, on lots not less than 50 by 100, should be included in the main. Class A should be provided for in outlying sections where the laying out of land and the building operation could be sufficiently large to secure the advantages of wholesale contracts, efficient management and careful planning of the area by a landscape architect along advanced garden suburb lines. He also recommended that the best methods of providing for Class B, that is, for the family that has acquired title to a building lot, but has not yet built upon it, is to do everything that the committee can do to remove the obstacles: (A) That suitable house plans be obtained through an architectural competition for which liberal prizes should be offered. (B) That money be made more readily available through the organization of co-operative banks or building and loan associations. (C) That the advantages of other buildings that will be undertaken for Class A should be shared with Class B. The extent of this building would in itself stimu- late interest and probably enable the committee to give the lot owner a building at a lower contract than would otherwise be possible. The houses in Class B will be almost entirely in partly built-up sections. He further recommended that provision for Class C, that is, for the family whose weekly expenses practically equal its weekly income, be made partly by renting the other house in the double house unit owned by a family in Class A, partly by building for rent groups of houses of the types common in Philadelphia and well-illustrated by the Octavia Hill Association, and by the Improved Hous- ing Co. of New Haven, and by the cottage flat of the Toronto Housing Co., Ltd., and partly by tenements that will be vacated when better houses become avail- able. The movement languished for some months, but later the heads of the fac- tories personally took up the question of proper housing, and important develop- ments followed. In the summer of 1916, two such developments were initiated and ordered under construction by the Scovill Mfg. Co. and the American Brass Company. These housing developments have already been completed and are now in successful operation and use, being occupied by families who are well satis- fied and greatly delighted in having secured, at moderate cost, dwellings which represent, and are so considered by experts, the best effort in the field of economic housing. Of the several developments carried out by the industries above referred to, the operation conducted by the Scovill Mfg. Co., which consists of one-family brick attached houses, represents both structurally and architecturally an ideal type of workmen's dwellings. In July, 1916, the W. G. Lynch Realty Co. was brought here for consultation with John H. Goss of the Scovill Manufacturing Co., resulting subsequently in the submission of plans for the erection of fifty dwellings of a type known as a six-room one-family house. THK SCHLKfiKL KKSIDKXCK. WATKKBl'KY RESIDENI E OF JOHN BOOTH BURRALL, CHURCH STREET, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 143 In August, 1916, ground was broken on an easily-accessible tract of land owned by the Scovill Manufacturing Co. At the outset a group of five houses was imme- diately constructed and sold to the employees of the company. At the same time efforts were directed toward the immediate completion of one 'of these buildings, so as to exhibit the structure as a sample house, with the result that applications for these houses became so numerous that the Scovill Manufacturing Co. ordered the erection of 137 dwellings in all. Although these dwellings were erected in rows covering several blocks, a most pleasing effect was created by breaking the monotony of the houses through vary- ing the architecture of the fronts in groups of from two to four dwellings. In exterior design and treatment, these groups include the Dutch, English, Italian and Colonial types, and are extremely pleasing in appearance. In many instances front elevations were also modified, as circumstances and economic practice per- mitted, by altering the lines of the masonry and porches, careful study being given likewise to creating effective color schemes in order to emphasize the various styles of architecture of the groups. In this manner the severity of the long, straight lines of the buildings was broken and made to harmonize with the natural contour of the land and grades of adjacent streets. The houses in the Scovill development are built on standard size street blocks, having a width of 200 feet from street to street. This space is sub-divided and utilized as follows : An area of 24 feet in depth is reserved in front of the dwell- ings adjacent to the street, the houses measuring 32 feet in depth with a 20-foot courtyard in the rear and a 10-foot service alley for commercial purposes, and a 1 4- foot space reserved for park and playground purposes. The houses measure 16 feet between the centers of party walls and 32 feet in depth. The buildings are constructed of brick masonry, erected on substantial concrete foundations supported by massive concrete footings. The area in front of the dwellings was filled in for the purpose of creating a terraced space in front of each house. These terraces are, in every instance, neatly regulated and graded, and conform to the grade of the adjacent streets. At the rear of each house a door opens directly into the basement at the grade of the courtyard. The basements contain hot air furnaces, hot water boiler, gas hot water heater, coal bins, and stationary wash tubs, and also ample storage space. The basement floors are cemented and the concrete walls are whitewashed. In fact, these basements are so light, dry and airy that in many cases they are being used as summer kitchens. The cellar can also be entered from the kitchen. The kitchen contains many facilities, such as gas stove and pantry, sink and hot and cold water. The house contains six rooms and bath. Every room opens either to the front or to the rear and is provided with large windows. All rooms have direct ventila- tion, the bathroom being lighted and ventilated by large overhead ventilating sky- lights. The houses are electric lighted throughout, with indirect lighting fixtures in dining and living rooms. Electric light wires run in conduits for service for the entire development, running through the foundations along the rear of each row inside the foundation walls, each house having its own outlet. Telephone conduits run in the same manner along the front of each cellar, with separate outlets for each house. The first fifty houses were sold at $3,000 each. The next twenty were sold at $3,600. The material for the first fifty houses was bought when the contract was placed, but when the contract was increased, the prices of material had advanced. Waterbury is an expensive city to build in, however, because of its hilly con- 144 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY tours and rocky soil with water pockets, frequently producing swampy conditions. Even with present prices of materials, this house, slightly modified, should be pro- duced for approximately two thousand five hundred dollars, wherever expensive blasting, filling, excavating and underdrainage can be avoided. The housing development undertaken by the American Brass Co. differs ma- terially from that of the Scovill development, the American Brass Co.'s being pat- terned after a high class residence park, and on a scale which in every respect meets with the requirements of their employees. Briefly described, their development encompasses a tract or land, about twelve acres, in the eastern section of the city, two miles from the main center. Improve- ments were undertaken in September, 1916, which consisted at first of regulating and grading the street system after a carefully designed plan which preserved the natural features of the property, at the same time creating a residence park effect. The main entrance to the property is at East Main Street, near Mad River, which flows through a part of the property. The entire property contains approx- imately eighty-five building sites, the average dimensions of which are 50 by 100 feet. The engineering features throughout the entire property are carefully designed and substantially executed. The tract is provided with all improvements, such as gas, city water supply, sewerage, electric lighting for streets and houses, well regulated and graded streets, park and playground reservation, surface water drainage, and a private park along the Mad River, for the use of the residents. Sidewalks and well-kept lawns are also provided. The first group of buildings erected on the premises consisted of twenty frame dwellings, so spaced as to provide ample area in front of each dwelling to the street lines. The average dwelling is about 25 by 23 feet, and contains a living room, dining room and kitchen on the first floor, and three bedrooms on the second floor, with bathroom. The foundations of these structures are of first-class concrete masonry, on footings of the same material. The cellar floors are concreted and cemented, and the cellars may be entered from the inside and outside of the dwellings. Immediately prior to the completion of the first group of twenty dwellings, the American Brass Company decided to erect eight additional structures, but of a type superior in some respects to those in the first group. Of the thirty dwellings erected by the company under this housing project, practically all have been sold, and in some instances, selections were made by the employees before the structures were placed on sale. The families occupying these houses speak very highly of them, and are well satisfied and contented with their purchases. The Chase Metal Works have thus far constructed ten model houses, much on the plan of the Scovill buildings, and this is to be greatly increased in the near future. The Oakville Company has also now started with a group of ten model houses, which is to be greatly extended next spring. The Waterbury Tool Company, under the personal direction of its president, Horace G. Hoadley, has erected at one end of its large holdings nine model houses, which are rented to employees. A street has been made and five of these homes are on one side, four on the other. Two of them are five-room and the others six- room cottages. They are modern in every respect and make ideal homes at nominal rents. The company has also erected two double houses, in the Bunker Hill section. These are for four families. The twin houses have twelve and ■ WEST MAIN STREET. FRONT OF HODSOX'K, WATERBURY WEST .MAIN STREET ARCHITECTURE, WATERBURY From left to right: Colonial Trust Company; Sampson and Lilley Buildings. Viewed from the green. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 145 fourteen rooms, respectively, making two six-room dwellings and two seven-room dwellings. Aside from the splendid work done by the larger manufacturers in the way of improving housing conditions, there has been a decided growth in the way of home construction in all parts of the city, particularly in the eastern and northwestern sections. In 1914 the building record shows permits taken out totaling in value $1,800,- 000. Of these 55 were for frame tenement houses, each for three or more fami- lies. These provided for over twelve hundred people. In addition there were 70 frame and 8 brick buildings erected. In 191 5 the total permits numbered 748, and the value of buildings erected increased to $2,600,350. Sixty-four were buildings erected to house from two to six families each, and 105 separate dwellings made up the records of home building for that year. In 1916 the record shows 1,106 permits, value $4,270,000. Of these permits the bulk was for factory construction. The number of frame tenements built for three or more families was 91. The number of buildings for two or more families was 8, and the number of separate frame dwellings was 217. For 1917 the record shows the same proportionate gain and up to November 1st the permits for dwellings and tenements issued equaled or very nearly equaled the total of 1916. Vol. I— 10 CHAPTER XI BANKING AND INSURANCE CAPITAL AND SURPLUS OF ALL WATERBURY BANKS — DEPOSITS — A FIVE YEAR RECORD OF CLEARINGS THE YEAR I916 A BANNER PERIOD FOR DEPOSITORS IN SAVINGS INSTITUTIONS— MONEY LARGELY INVESTED IN MORTGAGES ON WATER- BURY REAL ESTATE HISTORY OF ALL THE BANKS AND TRUST COMPANIES LIST OF OFFICIALS, PAST AND PRESENT — RECENT INSURANCE HISTORY. In 1892 there were in Waterbury seven banks and these, including the savings institutions, had a banking capital of $1,350,000. For a town which by the census of 1890 had a population of less than thirty thousand, this was a splendid show- ing, and in the total deposits of between $6,000,000 and $7,000,000 reflected the growing industrial wealth of the community. From the reports issued by the national banks and trust companies of Water- bury in the summer of 1917 and by the savings banks on October 1, 1916 (the date of the last annual report to the State Banking Department), it is found that the total deposits in the banks of Waterbury are now $44,300,748.50. The capital stock and surplus of the national banks and trust companies, aside from the exclusive savings banks, is approximately three million dollars. Of this $1,168,- 451.20 represents the surplus. In publishing these figures it is perhaps well to add that they do not represent the full amount of what may be termed Waterbury deposits. As a matter of fact, there are today in Waterbury several concerns whose business is so extensive as to compel the additional use of New York banks for purposes of deposit and for draft facilities. It is utterly impossible to ascertain even approximately the volume of this business, some bankers placing it at 10 per cent of the totals for Waterbury commercial banks, others as high as 25 per cent. The capital and surplus of national banks and trust companies are as follows : Capital and Surplus. Waterbury National Bank $ 900,000.00 Colonial Trust Co 935,451.20 Citizens National Bank 450.000-.00 Manufacturers National Bank 300,000.00 Merchants Trust Co 188,000.00 Waterbury Trust Co -55»43 T -35 Total $3,028,882.55 Deposits of all banks of Waterbury at dates given above are as follows : DEPOSITS OF WATERBURY BANKS, I917 (Savings Banks, October i, 1916) Waterbury Savings Bank $10,176,870.80 Dime Savings Bank 7.107,324.24 146 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 147 Colonial Trust Co 7,033,538.09 ( itizens National Bank 5,000,000.00 Manufacturers National Bank : 4,060,445.09 Waterbury National Bank 3,883,983.10 Waterbury Trust Co 3,102,329.44 West Side Savings Bank 2,143,766.34 Merchants Trust Co 1,792,491.40 Total $44,300,748.50 The savings bank deposits on October 1, 1917, were: Waterbury Savings Bank. $10,091,552.04; Dime Savings Bank, $7,636,444.20; West Side Savings Bank, $2,667,732.41. THE WATERBURV CLEARING HOUSE It is now five years since the Waterbury Clearing House was established by the commercial banks. Its work is done in each bank, alternately for two months. At present the manager of the Clearing House is Lew r is S. Reed, vice president of {he Manufacturers National Bank. The table of clearings which follows does not reflect the total business cleared monthly by the banks of Waterbury, for there is still much of the business done by each bank by the old self-clearing method. The Clearing House made its first report on March 31, 19 12, and the record by months, showing comparative figures, up to March 1, 1917, is as follows: 1912-1913 1913-1914 1914-1915 1915-1916 [916-1917 March $ 3,056,600 $ 3,921,700 $ 4,048,500 $ 4,529,400 $ 7,442,300 April 3.976,500 4.487,400 4,781,300 5,065,900 8,305,200 May 4.240,600 4,339,600 4,427,200 5,303,500 9,300,700 June 4,103,500 4,387,300 4,907,400 6,145,700 9,148,800 July 3.899,200 4.156,900 4,633,500 6,192,000 9,091,800 August 34g<;,7oo 3,802,300 3,616,800 5,331,400 7,726,200 September.... 3,295,500 3,923,100 3,566,600 5.005,300 8.333,100 October 4,144,900 4,721,300 4,358,200 6,675,900 9,550,600 November .... 4,156,800 3,986,700 3.953.300 <>. 099,700 9,950,100 December .... 3,766,000 4,273,700 4,565,500 7,336,800 10,013,700 January 4,391,800 4,588,300 4,995,700 8,424,900 11,174,700 February 3,650,800 3,843,000 4,134,400 6,805,800 8,807,600 $46,181,900 $50,431,300 S51.988.400 $74,116,300 $108,844,800 The bankers of Waterbury, largely through the Clearing House Association, but with the close co-operation of the savings banks, organized the work of selling Waterbury 's quotas for both the first and second Liberty Loans with such success that in both instances the city exceeded its quota. THE SAVINGS BANKS It is in the records made by the savings banks of Waterbury that the prosperity of the city is most clearly reflected. The year [916 was the banner period m the history of the city, and the figures which follow are little short of phenomenal in the matter of growth. The year 1917 showed a continuing increase, both in the net increase of depositors and in the amount of deposits, hut the Liberty Loans 148 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY had their effect here, as well as elsewhere, in diverting a considerable amount of savings into that patriotic channel. The following table compiled from the state report of date October I, 1916, are illuminating on the savings bank records of this phenomenal year. To make an accurate total there should be added like records from the savings department of the Manufacturers National, from which, as it is under federal control, no statement of purely savings deposits is available. Its savings accounts number about seven thousand. Number of accounts opened Number of October, 1915 accounts closed Net to October, 1916 same period Gain Dime Savings Bank 5, 2 76 2,990 2,286 Waterbury Savings Bank 4,815 1,882 2,933 West Side Savings Bank 2,247 847 1,400 Waterbury Trust Co. (Savings Dept.) 1,525 600 925 Merchants Trust Co. (Savings Dept.) 745 296 449 Amount deposited Amount October, 191 5, withdrawn Net increase to October, 191 6 same period in deposits Dime Savings Bank $2,711,781.78 $1,594,265.95 $1,117,515.83 Waterbury Savings Bank 3,367,621.83 1,820,780.98 1,546,831.20 West Side Savings Bank 1,185,974.98 590,894.58 595,080.40 Waterbury Trust (Savings) 947,705.25 488,097.69 459,607.56 Merchants Trust (Savings) 622,152.81 235,748.23 386,404.23 $8,835,236.65 $4,729,787.43 $4,105,449.22 The amounts deposited include interest credited for the year. Number of depositors having less than $1,000 Amount Dime Savings Bank 1 7,369 $2,838,494.43 Waterbury Savings Bank. 12,983 3,148,146.15 West Side Savings Bank 4,659 1,010,995.23 Waterbury Trust (Savings) 2,383 462,468.34 Merchants Trust (Savings) L937 298,550.90 39,331 $7,758,655-05 Number of depositors having $1,000 to $2,000 Amount Dime Savings Bank T-383 $1,794,477.90 Waterbury Savings Bank !<795 2,406,714.28 West Side Savings Bank 412 544,233.12 Waterbury Trust (Savings) 172 214,481.90 Merchants Trust (Savings) in 145,361.15 3,873 $5,105,268.35 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUG ATl'CK VALLEY 149 Number of depositors having $2,000 to $10,000 Dime Savings Bank 686 Waterbury Savings Bank 927 West Side Savings Bank 180 Waterbury Trust (Savings) 123 Merchants Trust (Savings) 73 1,989 Number of depositors having over $10,000 Dime Savings Bank 13 Waterbury Savings Bank 28 West Side Savings 4 Waterbury Trust (Savings) 9 Merchants Trust (Savings) 8 Amount $2,291,686.31 3,299,372.89 543,101.52 424,068.07 297.227.56 $6,955,448.35 62 Amount $ 182,665.60 375,595-93 45,436.23 110,522.41 161,887.00 $ 876,107.17 Including the savings department of the Manufacturers National, which has about seven thousand accounts and savings deposits of approximately one million six hundred thousand dollars, there were in Waterbury on October 1, 1916, close to fifty-two thousand two hundred and eighty distinct savings deposits, amounting to $22,295,478. Of these over twenty-two hundred, ranging from two thousand dollars to ten thousand dollars, and approximately forty-two hundred, ranging from one thousand dollars to two thousand dollars. One of the gratifying evidences of the helpfulness of the savings banks in the growth of the community lies in the nature of the investments made. All of them are heavy holders of mortgages on Waterbury real estate. In the case of the Waterbury Savings Bank, the amount loaned on Waterbury real estate amounts to nearly four million dollars, and in the other savings institutions, proportionately as much. The West Side has over seventy-five per cent of its deposits loaned on Waterbury real estate. The Morris Plan Bank of W'aterbury, with capital stock of $56,204 paid in, was organized in August, 1915, and opened for business September 30, 1916. According to its report filed with the state October 1, 191 6, it had loans outstand- ing amounting to $85,415. Its officers are as follows: President, Arthur R. Kimball ; vice presidents, John H. Goss, John P. Elton ; secretary and treasurer, Curt T. Illing; directors, Bennett Bronson, John B. Burrall, Terrence F. Car- mody, Irving H. Chase, George A. Driggs, Theodore I. Driggs, John R. Hughes, John P. Kellogg, Arthur R. Kimball, Theodore Lilley, Fred E. Linder, Frederick G. Mason, Charles T. McCarthy, George Rockwell, Archer J. Smith, Charles E. Spencer, Jr., Leavenworth P. Sperry, Arthur D. Variell, Harris Whittemore, B. P. Merriman. This is, of course, purely a loan bank, organized on a plan extending all over the country with a view to keeping those who are in need of immediate funds in small amounts from coming into the clutches of loan sharks. 150 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY WATERBURY SAVINGS BANK The Waterbury Savings Bank is the oldest savings bank in Waterbury, hav- ing been founded by F. J. Kingsbury in 1850. It has now grown to be the largest bank in Western Connecticut. In 1892, the forty-second year of its existence, its deposits amounted to a little over three million dollars. Ten years later, in 1902, nearly two million more had been added to the deposits, and on October 1, 191 2, the amount on deposit in the bank was $6,901,087.13, making another $2,000,000 addition. During the period of four years and four months, from October 1, 1912, to February 1, 1917, the bank has had a phenomenal growth, due to the corresponding growth of the city in size and wealth. The deposits on February 1, 1917, were $10,176,- 870.80, belonging to 17,096 depositors. Nearly four million dollars of this amount was loaned on mortages on Waterbury real estate. Thus the bank, during the long period of its existence, has not only kept these many millions of deposits safely, but has greatly assisted the city and its people by providing large sums of money towards the building of homes and business buildings. F. J. Kingsbury, the founder of the bank, who during his long life, occupied a very prominent position in the life and affairs of the city, was secretary and treasurer, — the chief executive officer, — from 1850 to 1909, when he became assistant treasurer, which office he held at the time of his death on September 30, 1910. To his wise management was due in large measure the strength of this large institution. On January 1, 1906, Edwin S. Hunt, the present secretary and treasurer, became connected with the bank as assistant treasurer. Mr. Hunt, at the time of his election, was a practicing lawyer in Waterbury and had been tax collector during the years 1904 and 1905. On Mr. Kingsbury's retirement, in 1909, he became secretary and treasurer, which position he still holds. In 1892, Edward L. Frisbie was president of the bank, which office he con- tinued to hold until 1909, the time of his death. His familiarity with the city, his knowledge of real estate values, and his shrewd common sense were of great value to the bank. On Mr. Frisbie's death, George E. Terry was elected presi- dent, and still holds that office. In 1892 the directors of the bank were Edward L. Frisbie, F. ]. Kingsbury, N. J. Welton, J. W. Smith, George E. Terry, F. L. Curtiss, A. S. Chase, E. D. Steele and J. M. Burrall. In 1917 all of these men are dead except Mr. Terry. During the period from 1892 to 1917, Edward T. Root became a director, and died in 1910. Charles E. Lamb, who was long associated with the bank as teller, was also a director, and died in 1906. Mention should also be made of Frederick B. Merriman, who faithfully served the bank as teller and bookkeeper for many years and died in 1913. The present officers and directors are : George E. Terry, president ; Robert F. Griggs, vice president; Edwin S. Hunt, secretary and treasurer; Almon B. Dayton, assistant treasurer; directors, George E. Terry, James S. Elton, Henry A. Hoadley, Henry L. Rowland, Robert F. Griggs, John P. Kellogg, John H. Goss, John A. Coe, and Edwin S. Hunt. The bank has done business in the same place, on the corner of North and West Main streets, during the sixty-seven years of existence. In 1896 it erected the present handsome Waterbury Savings Bank Building. The banking rooms were re-arranged and greatly improved in T915. During all of its existence the savings bank has had the Citizens National Bank as a tenant, the two banks hav- ing been founded by Mr. Kingsbury and somewhat closely associated during the \\ ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 151 earlier part of the period. They still occupy quarters in the same building, though their management is now entirely distinct and separate. THE DIME SAVINGS BANK OF W ATERBURY The Dime Savings Bank of Waterbury received its charter from the General Assembly at the May session in 1870. The incorporators were : Guernsey S. Parsons, Henry Merriman, Henry C. Griggs, Robert Crane, Douglas F. Maltby, Robert K. Brown, Elisha Leaven- worth, Thomas C. Morton, Owen B. King, Charles A. Warren, Caleb T. Hickcox, Francis Spencer, Alonson J. Pickett, and John H. Whittemore. On July 6, 1870, Elisha Leavenworth was elected president; Robert Crane, Thomas C. Morton and Henry C. Griggs, vice presidents ; Guernsey S. Parsons, secretary and treasurer, with the following trustees, Guernsey S. Parsons, Henry C. Griggs, Douglas F. Maltby, Elisha Leavenworth, Owen B. King, Caleb T. Hickcox, Theodore I. Driggs, John W. Smith, Henry Merriman, Robert Crane, Robert K. Brown, Thomas C. Morton, Charles A. Warren, Francis Spencer, Isaac E. Newton, Charles W. Gillette, Samuel S. Robinson. The first location of the bank was at 1 Central Row, later moving to what is now known as 30-34 North Main Street. In 1894 the bank purchased the P. B. Norton property, at the corner of North Main Street and Abbott Avenue, which it has used as a banking house since then. The following is a complete list of the trustees to date : Elisha Leavenworth, Douglas F. Maltby. Henry C. Griggs, Thomas C. Morton, Charles W. Gillette. Isaac E. Newton, Frederick A. Spencer, Guernsey S. Parsons. Samuel S. Robinson. William Brown. Theodore I. Driggs, Robert K. Brown. John W. Smith. Francis Spencer, Henry Merriman. Robert Crane, Owen B. King, Charles A. Warren, Caleb T. Hickcox, Julius Bronson, John H. Nettleton, George F. Perry, George B. Pierpont, Meritt Heminway, Arthur O. Shepardson. George Prichard, Edwin U. Lathrop, Edward T. Turner, Norman D. Granniss, Buell Heminway, Henry H. Peck, Edward L. Frisbie, James Brown, Edward C. Lewis, Joseph H. Dudley, Edward M. Burrall, George R. Baldwin. Leman W. Cutler, Otis S. Northrop, Edward T. Root, Mark L. Sperry, William E. Fulton, John P. Elton, Oilman C. Hill, Ralph N. Blakeslee, Frank B. Buck, J. Hobart Bronson, George L. White, Edwin C. Northrop, John Booth Burrall, Arthur Reed Kimball, Archer J. Smith, Harris Whittemore, William B. Merriman, Darragh DeLancey. The present officers and trustees are as follows : President, Henry H. Peck ; vice presidents. John P. Elton, Arthur O. Shepardson, Mark L. Sperry; con- troller. Otis S. Northrop; secretary and treasurer, Edwin C. Northrop; assistant treasurer, Richard Preusser; trustees, J. Hobart Bronson, John Booth Burrall, Darragh DeLancey, lohn P. Elton, William E. Fulton, Oilman C. Hill, Arthur R. Kimball. Edwin C. Northrop, Otis S. Northrop, Henry H. Peck, Arthur O. Shepardson. Archer J. Smith. Mark L. Sperry. Harris Whittemore. 152 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY On October i, 1880, the deposits were $671,557.48. On October 1, 1890, the deposits were $1,948,785.81, and the total number of depositors 8,234. On October 1, 1900, the deposits were $3,294,287.63, and the total number of depositors 11,678. On October 1, 1910, the deposits were $5,325,025.47, and the total number of depositors 17,236. On October 1, 1916, the deposits were $7,107,324.24, and the total number of depositors 19,451. In the year ending October 1, 1916, this bank showed its largest increase for any one year, the deposits increasing $1,117,515.83, and an increase of 2,286 depositors. MANUFACTURERS NATIONAL BANK On the 5th of October, 1880, a meeting was held for the purpose of organiz- ing the Manufacturers National Bank of Waterbury, for which a certificate was issued on the 25th of the same month, and the institution opened its doors for business. The first president was David B. Hamilton of Waterbury, who served from 1880 until his death on August 14, 1898. He was succeeded by George W. Beach, who had been vice president from the time that office was created on January 9, T894, but who upon the death of Mr. Hamilton was called to the presidency and so continued until February, 1906. He was succeeded by Edward L. Frisbie, who occupied the office from March 20, 1906, until he, too, passed away on April 13, 1909. His successor is Charles F. Mitchell, who is still the presiding head of the institution, having been called to the position on May 4, 1909. Mr. Frisbie had succeeded Mr. Beach as vice president, and Mr. Mitchell was his successor in that office, continuing from 1906 until he was called to the presidency in 1909. R. W. Hill then became vice president and filled that office until July 16. 1909. William E. Fulton was elected vice president on January 11, 1910, and still continues. The first cashier was Charles R. Baldwin, who served from October 25, 1880, until May 31, 1892, when Charles F. Mitchell was elected and remained in the posi- tion until March 20, 1906, when he became vice president. A. E. Lord was then cashier from that date until January 12, 1909, and Lewis S. Reed was made assist- ant cashier, becoming cashier on May 4, 1909, and still remaining in this position. The bank was first located at 102 Bank Street, where the Jones-Morgan Build- ing now stands, and a removal was made to the present location in December, 1897, when quarters were secured in the Bohl Building, then owned by Truman S. Lewis. Soon afterward the bank purchased the building. Its policy has always been clearly defined and has ever been one which would bear the closest investi- gation and scrutiny. A general banking business is being conducted and the pro- gressive methods which were early instituted have developed it into one of the strong banks of the state. THE CITIZENS NATIONAL BANK The Citizens National Bank, which was founded by Mr. Kingsbury and which is co-tenant of the building with the Waterbury Savings Bank, has had a great growth in the last quarter of a century. Twenty-five years ago, 1892, its deposits amounted to $500,000.00. In 1917 these aggregate $5,000,000.00. Its capital and surplus has grown to $450,000.00. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 153 Its officers in 1892 were: F. J. Kingsbury, president; F. L. Curtiss, cashier; Directors F. J. Kingsbury, D. E. Sprague, Edward Cowles, H. H. Peck and F. L. Curtiss. Its officers and directors in 1917 are: J. H. Bronson, president; E. O. Goss, vice president; H. A. Hoadley, cashier; E. R. Hudson, R. W. Hurlbut, assistant cashiers; Directors J. H. Bronson, Edward O. Goss, F. S. Chase, John A. Coe, Jr., E. S. 1 lunt, Darragh DeLancey, T. F. Jackson, H. A. Hoadley. THE WEST SIDE SAVINGS BANK The West Side Savings Bank was incorporated in 1889. Its first officers were: President Edward T. Turner, Vice President J. R. Smith, Treasurer Gordon ]. Lawrence. On October 1, 1890, its deposits were $34,664.62. On October 1, 1916, these were $2,143,766.34. Of this amount the investment in loans on Waterbury real estate is $1,629,985.00. The bank was located on Bank Street in Brooklyn, rear Holmes booth, Hayden's office, then moving to the old Masonic Temple Building, being afterwards for eighteen years on the corner of Center and Bank streets and on January 1, 191 7, it moved into its present beautiful quarters in the Buckingham Building. The present officers are : President, J. Richard Smith ; vice president, Lewis A. Piatt; secretary, R. G. Hannegan; treasurer, George E. Judd. Its directors today are president, vice president and treasurer and Nathaniel R. Bronson, B. L. Coe, George A. Driggs, Howard M. Hickcox, T. F. Jackson, Herbert W. Lake and Michael Guilfoile. THE MERCHANTS TRUST COMPANY The Merchants Trust Company was organized November 28, 1910, with a capital of $100,000.00. Its deposits at the end of the first year of its existence were $150,000.00. Its deposits now. September, 1917, are over $2,000,000.00, and its surplus is $88,000.00. Its first officers and directors were : James E. Smith, president ; Henry Weyand, secretary and treasurer; directors, the officers and Michael E. Keeley, John S. Neagle, Thomas H. Hayes, Frank Pepe, Wm. Riether, Isidore Chase. The officers today are : President, Henry Weyand ; vice president, John S. Neagle ; secretary and treasurer, John E. Bulger ; E. F. Moran, assistant treas- urer : directors. Henry Weyand, John S. Neagle, M. E. Keeley, Isidore Chase, Frank Pepe, Wm. Riether, James E. Russell, Thomas Finnegan, Arthur A. Tanner, Frank Hayes, John E. Bulger. It has occupied its present quarters at 142 Grand Street since its organization. THE COLONIAL TRUST COMPANY The Colonial Trust Company was the first of the trust companies to begin business in W'aterbury. Its original capital when it opened its doors in 1899 was $400,000.00 with a surplus of $100,000.00. In 191 1 the Fourth National Bank was consolidated with the Colonial. According to the statement issued March 5, 1917, its capital stock is $400,000.00, its surplus is $535,451.20 and its deposits are $7,033,538.09. This is an increase from $2,000,000.00, its deposits in 1900. In 1902, it moved into its own beautiful building on West Main Street. Prior to that year it had its quarters on Center Street. Its first president was D. S. Plume, who was succeeded by J. H. Whittemore, 154 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY both of whom have passed away. Otis S. Northrop, its present executive, suc- ceeded the latter. Gen. Louis N. Van Keuren was the first treasurer. The first directors of the Colonial Trust Company were D. S. Plume, J. H. Whittemore, Geo. M. Woodruff, Carlos French, Franklin Farrel, C. F. Brooker, A. M. Young, George E. Terry, E. M. Burrall, C. P. Goss, E. L. Frisbie. Its present officers and directors are as follows : Otis S. Northrop, president; George M. Woodruff, vice president; John P. Elton, vice president; Charles E. Spencer, Jr., treasurer; W. P. Bryan, secre- tary; H. L. Rowland, trust officer; George E. Terry, counsel; directors, Charles F. Bliss, William H. Bristol, W. P. Bryan, John Booth Burrall, Wallace H. Camp, Edmund Day, George A. Driggs, John P. Elton, Alton Farrell, Edward L. Frisbie, W. Shirley Fulton, Robert F. Griggs, Arthur R. Kimball, Otis S. Northrop, Lewis A. Piatt, H. L. Rowland, C. E. Spencer, Jr., George E. Terry, Harris Whittemore, George M. Woodruff. The Fourth National Bank, now incorporated with the Colonial Trust Com- pany, as above stated, was organized in 1887 with a capital of $100,000.00. Its first president was D. S. Plume, and its first cashier was Burton G. Bryan. At the time of consolidation the officers and directors were : J. Richard Smith, president; Lewis A. Piatt and John Henderson, Jr., vice presidents; George E. Judd, treasurer; directors, these officers and Henry L. Wade, George A. Driggs, N. R. Bronson, Benj. L. Coe, Cornelius Tracy, Thomas F. Jackson, Howard M. Hickcox, Herbert W. Lake, Michael Guilfoile. THE WATERBURY NATIONAL BANK The Waterbury National Bank today occupies the same building, although large additions have been made, in which it began business as the Waterbury Bank in September, 1848. It became a national bank February 2, 1865. Its present officers are: H. S. Chase, president; A. J. Blakesley, cashier; F. W. Judson, assistant cashier. The capital of the bank today, $500,000 is what it was on July 23, 1850. Its surplus has shown a continuous increase, the last report of June, 191 7, placing it at $400,000. Its individual deposits on the same date were $3,883,983.10. The directors at present are: J. S. Elton, H. S. Chase, A. J. Smith, J. R. Smith, Irving S. Chase, A. W. Mitchell, M. Heminway, G. C. Hill, F. W. judson, Alfred Hart, A. J. Blakesley and Geo. E. Boyd. Augustus Milo Blakesley, father of A. J. Blakesley, present cashier of the bank, was its cashier from 1852 until his death, October 20, 1908. J. S. Elton resigned as president in 1916 and was succeeded by H. S. Chase. THE WATERBURY TRUST COMPANY The Waterbury Trust Company was granted its charter at the January ses- sion of the State Legislature in 1907. Its original officers were C. L. Holmes, president ; M. L. Sperry, vice president, and H. S. Seeley, secretary and treas- urer. It began business on June 24, 1907. The growth of the institution since that date has been phenomenal, the result of sound management and substantial patronage. It has been strong in both its general banking business and in the savings department, which on October 1, 1916, showed 1,525 deposits, an increase for the year of 925. On August 1, 1917, it had a surplus of $55,431.35 and in 1917 deposits amounted to $3,030,338.33. Its present officers and directors are as follows : Charles L Holmes, president ; Mark L. Sperry, vice president ; Henry S. Seeley, IM^BM^^^^^^B COLONIAL TRUST BUILDING, WATERBURY VVATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 155 secretary and treasurer; Walter M. Bassford, assistant treasurer; Frederick W. Chesson, assistant secretary. Directors: Edmund J. Daly, John Draher, Louis E. Fitzsimons (deceased), Harry H. Heminway, Thomas H. Hewitt, Charles L. Holmes, John K. Hughes, Herbert S. Rowland, Henry S. Seeley, Mark L. Sperry, Cornelius Tracy, \V. S. R. Wake, Edwin H. Williams, William T. WOodruff and Charles A. Templeton. Mr. Chesson entered the national army in 19 1 7. THE RECENT tNSURANCE HISTORY OF WATERBURY Waterbury has at present no distinctly local life, fire or accident insurance organization, although a recent incorporation leads to the hope of early organ- ization in both the fire and life insurance lines. The Waterbury Board of Underwriters, which comprises all the agents and authorized brokers now in business here, is kept alive by the earnest effort of the leading firms to see that the rules and regulations governing insurance here are strictly enforced. These rules and regulations come direct from the New England Insurance Exchange of Boston, which is the governing body in the state. The enactment of the anti-rebating law by the last Connecticut Legislature has greatly aided legitimate insurance business, giving it the stability which has long been lacking. There have been three notable efforts in the past quarter century to estab- lish distinctly local insurance organizations. The Connecticut Indemnity Asso- ciation, which had been organized on October 30, 1883, was perhaps the most pretentious of these efforts. It was organized to insure for life, health and accident. Its original promoters were Victor L. Sawyer, Dr. F. M. Cannon, John S. Purdy and John H. Guernsey. It remained in business until 1898, when conditions forced it to liquidate. The second notable effort along insurance lines was the organization and operation of the "Connecticut Mutual Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company in June, 1886. Of this David S. Plume was the first president. Later D. B. Hamilton was its executive, and when it was finally merged into the Hart- ford Steam Boiler and Inspection Company in 1906, its president was Henry L. Wade. The third effort was in the year 1902 in the organization of the Mutual Security Company, the purpose of which was to insure against strikes. This continued in business until 1910, but lack of interest on the part of local manu- facturers finally convinced its promoters that the project could not succeed. When it finally liquidated, its president was Gen. Louis N. Van Keuren and its secretary was F. J. Brown. The Connecticut Legislature, at its 191 7 session, granted charters, — one for life insurance company and the other for a fire insurance company. The incor- porators in both charters are Messrs. M. E. Keeley, Abner P. Hayes, Herman J. Weisman, and Frank Hayes. No steps have yet been taken to make these charters effective. CHAPTER XII HISTORY OF WATERBURY'S HOTELS THE FIRE OF ICJ02 FOLLOWED BY AN ERA OF HOTEL CONSTRUCTION — THE CONNECTI- CUT HOTEL EXCHANGE HOTEL ENLARGED RAISING THE FUND FOR THE ELTON THE SUBSCRIBERS ITS FIRST YEAR'S RECORD DESCRIPTION STARTING THE "IDEAL TOUR" — THE KINGSBURY AND HODSON'S — MANY HOTELS SPRING UP DURING MUNITION-MAKING PERIOD. The disastrous fire of 1902 and the beginning of munition-making in 1914- 191 5 mark the two periods in which there was a distinct growth in the number and the capacity of Waterbury's hotels. In 1893, the beginning of the present quarter century, there were approximately fifteen hotels in Waterbury, most of them however merely large rooming houses. The Scovill House, of which T. R. Howe was manager, was still the leading hotel. The Franklin House, which was then operated by J. Frank Weedon, the Cooley House, run by A. J. Bunnell, and Brown's Hotel were all smaller but well-kept hostelries. On February 22, 1894, Brown's Hotel was destroyed by fire. This was afterwards rebuilt as a business block known as The Arcade. Earle's Hotel was on the site of the original Naugatuck Railroad Station and Smith's Hotel, now known as The Stratton, on East Main Street, was then a comparatively new and rather preten- tious hotel. It had been built just after the blizzard of 1888. Changes in man- agement and the opening of smaller hotels marked nearly every year. On February 2 and 3, 1902, the Scovill House and Franklin House were destroyed in the conflagrations of those dates. Then followed a period of hotel construction which soon more than replaced in capacity the ruined buildings. Louis F. Haase, who had a new building on Center Street which he was using as a house furnishing store, remodeled it completely and opened it in 1904 under the name of the Connecticut Hotel. It was at first leased by George Q. Pattee of New Britain, afterwards by F. W. Haase, brother of L. F. Haase. On January 3, 1916, this was totally destroyed by fire and when the new building was completed, it was leased to the Metropolitan Furniture Company. Shortly after the fire, what was known as Exchange Hotel was enlarged and opened in the building which is now the old part of Hodson's Hotel. The Bank Hotel was opened by Robert Molzon at 290-292 Bank Street. The building, which in 1902 was constructed for small family apartments, was changed over into a hotel and has retained its name to this time. It has been managed for fifteen years by Michael Molzon, the present owner, and is still one of the best of the smaller hotels of the city. It has forty-seven rooms. The Elton, one of the finest hotels in the East, is however the notable land- mark of this period of hotel construction, and the story of its inception, its building and its official opening is an illustration of the local pride and public spirit of that time. In 1903 the need of a fine hotel for Waterbury became so apparent to the leaders of its business that a local company was formed for the purpose of raising, if needed, half a million dollars for a site and building. 156 WATEKl'.l'RY AXD THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 157 The secretary of this company was George E. Boyd, and it was due to his splendid work, as well as to the public spirit of the entire community, that the first $300,000.00 the amount of the capitalization, was quickly raised. The official list of these stockholders is an historical document and is incor- porated here as an evidence of the co-operative spirit of the community in time of great need. Shares 300 J. S. Elton, Waterbury. 300 H. II. Peck, Waterbury. 250 Mrs. Ellen Scovill. Washington, D. C. 100 Mrs. Alary E. Burrall, Water- bury. 100 Mrs. Ida E. Fulton, -Waterbury. 50 Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Co., Waterbury. 50 Holmes, Booth & Haydens Co., Waterbury. 50 Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co., Waterbury. 50 Scovill Mfg. Co., Waterbury. 50 Mrs. H. Sophia Hoyt, Waterbury. 50 William E. Fulton, Waterbury. 50 Irving H. Chase, Waterbury. 50 Henry L. Wade, Waterbury. 50 Henrv W. Scovill, Washington, D.C. 50 Bowditch & Stratton, Boston, Mass. 50 Truman S. Lewis, W'aterbury. 50 Miss Caroline A. Piatt, Water- bury. 50 Mrs. Lillian Clarke Farrel, Ansonia. 36 George L. White, Waterbury. 30 Waterbury Button Co., Water- bury. 30 Oakville Co., Oakville. 30 Waterbury Clock Co., Waterbury. 30 Ralph H. Smith, W'aterbury. 25 Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Mach. Co., Waterbury. 25 New England Watch Co., Water- bury. 25 Waterbury Buckle Co., Water- bury. 25 F. J. Kingsbury, Jr., Fairfield. 25 Miss Alice E. Kingsbury, Water- bury. 25 Miss Edith D. Kingsbury. Water- bun'. Shares 24 Mrs. Mary L. Mitchell, Water- bury. 20 American Ring Co., Waterbury. 20 Mrs. C. M. Benedict, Waterbury. 20 Miss A. C. Benedict, Waterbury. 20 American Pin Co., Waterville. 5 Steele & Johnson Mfg. Co., Water- bury. 5 Connecticut Railway & Lighting Co., New York. 2 John C. Smith, New York. 2 Charles F. Brooker, Ansonia. 2 H. S. Chase, Waterbury. 2 Otis S. Northrop, Waterbury. 2 Lewis A. Piatt, Waterbury. 2 J. Richard Smith, Waterbury. 2 Frederick B. Rice, Waterbury. 2 Berbecker & Rowland Co., Water- ville. o Blake & Johnson Co., Waterbury. o George B. Lamb, Waterbury. o Archer J. Smith, Waterbury. o Thomas Fitzsimons, Waterbury. o John Booth Burrall, Waterbury. o William D. Richardson, Water- bury. o B. C. Bryan, Waterbury. o Samuel Rosenstamm, New York. o E. L. Frisbie, Jr., Waterbury. o D. S. Plume, Waterbury. o Lucien F. Burpee, Waterbury. o John P. Elton, Waterbury. o Earl Smith, Waterbury. o F. L. Curtiss, Waterbury. o C. L. Holmes, Waterbury. o Walter W. Holmes, Waterbury. o Gilman C. Hill, Waterbury. o Mrs. Charlotte B. Hill, Water- bury. b Thomas Kelly, Waterbury. o Dr. Henry G. Anderson, Water- bury. o Thomas B. Kent, New York. o Cornelius Tracy, Waterbury. 358 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Shares 10 George Tracy, Waterbury. 10 J. M. Burrall & Co., Waterbury. 10 C. H. Tucker, New York. 10 Gordon W. Burnham, New York. 10 Miss Florentine H. Hayden, Waterbury. 10 Miss Anna L. Ward, Waterbury. 10 Adolph Lewisohn, New York. 10 Herbert P. Camp, Waterbury. 10 M. J. Daly, Waterbury. 9 F. Kingsbury Bull, New York. 9 Ludlow S. Bull, New York. 8 Miss Dorothy Bull, New York. 6 Dr. F. E. Castle, Waterbury. 6 Robert W. Hill, Waterbury. 6 Charles F. Mitchell, Waterbury. 6 Fred S. Chase, Waterbury. 5 New England Engineering Co., Waterbury. 5 J. K. Smith, Waterbury. 5 E. T. Root, Waterbury. 5 I. A. Spencer, Waterbury. 5 Henry Weyand, Waterbury. 5 John Henderson, Jr., Waterbury. 5 Roger S. Wotkyns, Waterbury. 5 W. B. Merriman, trustee, Water- bury. 5 Isidore Chase, Waterbury. 5 Valentine Bohl, Waterbury. 5 John A. Lilley, Waterbury. 5 Jay H. Hart, Waterbury. Shares 5 William E. Norris, Waterbury. 5 Dr. C. S. Rodman, Waterbury. 5 R. D. Pierpont, Waterbury. 5 A. O. Jennings, Waterbury. 5 R. R. Stannard, Waterbury. 5 John W. Gaffney, Waterbury. 5 A. M. Dickinson, Waterbury. 5 William F. Chatfield, Waterbury. 5 J. B. Mullings, Waterbury. 5 F. W. Chesson, Waterbury. 5 Jacob Kaiser, Waterbury. 5 Edwin H. Williams, agent, Water- bury. 5 Merritt Heminway, Watertown. 4 T. D. Barlow, Waterbury. 3 Reid & Hughes Dry Goods Co., Waterbury. 2 Oliver R. Barlow, Waterbury. 2 Mrs. Cynthia D. Barlow, Water- bury. 2 Miss Mary A. Barlow, Waterbury. 2 Charles F. Davis, Waterbury. 2 Waterbury Paper Box Co., Inc., Waterbury. 2 William H. Wilcox, Waterbury. 2 Haring White Griggs, Waterbury. i George E. Boyd, Waterbury. i Jones & Morgan, Waterbury. i Nelson J. Welton, Waterbury. i Apothecaries Hall Co., Waterbury. It is a notable fact that every subscriber was told that there would probably never be a profit, and there might be deficits to cover. The management of the new hotel which opened its doors in 1904, was placed in the hands of Almon C. Judd, who knew Waterbury and who in the years of his absence from the city, had been employed in some of the largest hotels in the country. The report of the first year was exceedingly gratifying. With the exception of the three summer months, the hotel had earned from $300 to $2,000 during each of the other months of the year. The location of the hotel, opposite the Green, was a fortunate one, the only regret being that the old Colonial style Scovill homestead was torn down, instead of having been removed and saved as a landmark. The architecture of the house is French Renaissance, and is dignified and pleasing; the contraction is of steel and brick, fire-proofed in the most thorough manner. The foyer extends across the front of the house, and is 50x100 feet in size; it has a marble floor, and is wainscotted nine feet high with quartered oak. At both ends of the foyer are large fireplaces. This foyer is divided into four imaginary rooms by an arrangement of furniture, making sections for a writing room, reading room, and two lounging and smoking-rooms. Handsome oriental EXCHANGE PLACE, WATERBURY THE ELTON. WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 159 rugs are on the floor of each section, which, taken in conjunction with the many palms and ferns scattered throughout, add much to the general attractiveness and homelike atmosphere of the room. The main dining-room is located on the northwest corner of the office floor; it is finished in French Renaissance style of Louis XV; the treatment is in light colors, the woodwork being white, the walls are of a rich maroon and the ceiling pale blue; die center of the ceiling is raised in cylindrical form, richly decorated with festoons and other ornaments bright with gilding. The restaurant is known as the Flemish Dining-room, and has been pronounced by competent judges to be one of the most attractive rooms of the kind in exist- ence. It is finished in cypress, stained in delicate green and brown tones ; the wainscotting and columns are decorated with fruit ornamentations ; and above the wainscotting, the wall is decorated with free-hand painting of the grapevine design. A handsome antique fire-place also adds beauty to the room. A small balcony on the left furnishes a place for the orchestra, and is so arranged that the music may be heard in both dining-rooms. The ladies' parlor is located on the second floor, and has a commanding view of the center of the city. It is finished in white enameled carved wood in French Renaissance style. Pink tapestries and a green Wilton carpet make a very dainty ensemble. The furniture is of Circassian walnut in Louis XVI style. The halls of the hotel are unusually wide and well lighted; the floors are terrazzo, and through the center is a handsome hall carpet, made for the hotel. The barber shop, billiard room, and bar are located on the basement floor; the barber shop is finished with a wainscotting of white marble, and the floor is paved with terrazzo. The entire fittings are most sanitary and modern. The bar and billiard room are practically combined ; the bar is of a special design, sug- gestive of an old Dutch Rathskeller; the billiard tables are specially made in a style to correspond with the furnishings of the bar. Mahogany and tapestry are the prevailing notes in furniture and upholstery outside of the public rooms. Of the 147 bedrooms and suites on the five upper floors of the hotel, all but three are furnished in a plain, rich mahogany, selected from the best factories in Grand Rapids. There is very little duplication of design in the bedroom furniture, almost every room having an individual touch; some rooms for variety have brass beds. Three of the finest suites are furnished in a still more costly wood, — Circassian walnut, richly carved. Each room has a telephone available for house service, as well as long-distance usage. There are fifty-nine private bathrooms connected with the bedrooms, and eleven public bathrooms. The house is lighted throughout with electricity generated on the premises. The working departments, kitchen, laundry, engine-room, etc.. are all fitted with the modern appliances of an up-to-date hotel. Mr. Judd, having a big hotel to fill and noting the dearth of hotel business during the summer months, started in 1905, the year after the opening of the Elton, what is known now as the "Ideal Tour" for automobiles. This is at present being advertised in connection with the Biltmore at New York, the Equinox at Manchester, Vt., the Granliden at Sunapee Lake, N. H., the New Profile House, at Profile House, X T . H., the Crawford House, at Crawford Notch, X. II., the Poland Spring House and the Mansion House at Poland Spring. Me., Hotel Wentworth at Portsmouth, N. TL, Hotel Yendome and the Copley-Plaza at Boston, and Briarcliffe Lodge at Briarcliffe Manor, N. Y. The Ideal Tour Route through New England has become an interstate high- way which motorists en route for all New England resorts, the White Moun- 160 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY tains, Maine, The Berkshires, or other points almost invariably follow to the point nearest their destination, as the Ideal Tour combines the most beautiful scenic effects, the best roads, and conveniently situated hotels of the highest class, and it is sometimes more convenient for these motorists to reverse the tour, or join it at some point en route. The hotel is still owned by the old company, but is now leased to Almon C. Judd on a yearly rental basis. Next to the Elton, the leading hotels today are the Kingsbury and Hodson's. The Kingsbury, at 44 Center Street, was built by Cornelius H. Cables. The Center Street section was remodeled from existing buildings and the section run- ning back to Harrison Avenue is entirely new. It is now operated by the Cables Family, and was opened on October 25, 1908. It has 170 rooms. Hodson's Hotel, which is owned by J. W. and F. J. Hodson, is perhaps the newest of the larger hotels. The remodeled part of West Main Street was com- pleted in 191 6, and Hodson's, which for twelve years had merely been a large dining-room and since 1885 a cafe, was now opened as a thoroughly modern hotel. For three years the old part, formerly the Exchange Hotel, had, however, been called Hodson's. The old Hotel Broadway at 90 E. Main Street, which was also known for a time as the Savoy, and in 1910 as the Lamphier, became the Fuller Hotel in March, 191 1, a name it still retains. It has sixty rooms. The Windsor Hotel at 28 Center Street was the well-known Hotel Water- bury of two decades ago. Later it became the Hotel Plaza and then the Hotel Marlborough. Two years ago it was leased from the owner of the building, David Ducharme of New Haven, by W. J. Allen. Its name had been changed to the Windsor Hotel by Otis Fuller, a prior manager. The Delmar on Leavenworth Street was opened as a hotel on February 16, 1916. Up to this time it had been two apartment houses, and before that a Turkish bathhouse. The structure is owned by Mrs. Margaret Ryder and the hotel is conducted by L. J. Webb. The Flanders, which is a remodeled combination of the Monroe Building and of Nos. 26 and 28 North Main Street, was opened as a hotel with 120 rooms on January 1, 1917, by William H. Wood. The Stag Hotel, which for three years has been run under that name by Thomas D. Bulger, is in the Griggs Building on Bank Street. This was formerly the Norton, and later the Heinie and the Arlington. The Stafford House on East Main Street, formerly Smith's, has been run for nineteen years by its present manager, Mrs. Charles A. Taylor. There are several smaller houses, such as the Colonial and the Union Square, but they come rather into the class of good rooming houses, with which the city is at present amply supplied. It is, however, interesting to note that for the past two years there have been few vacant rooms in either the hotels or rooming houses of the city, the prosperity of the day reflecting itself in these hotel housing conditions. CHAPTER XIII THE HOSPITALS OF WATERBURY waterbury hospital in its old quarters the need of a new building contributions pour in and new hospital dedicated donors of the build- ing fund officers growth in recent years the medical board st. mary's hospital, the inspiration of monsignor slocum— -its dedication — the medical board. The first published suggestion for the establishment of the Waterbury Hos- pital appeared in the Waterbury Republican September I, 1882. From that time on the interest in the project grew, the State Legislature appropriated $25,000 on condition that $50,000 was raised by private subscription, and later gave it an additional $25,000 and $2,500 a year toward its maintenance. These early steps in the building up of the institution with tributes to all of those who gave so liberally have been beautifully recorded by Dr. Joseph Anderson in his "History of Waterbury." In January, 1892, a quarter of a century ago, the hospital had been in opera- tion for two years ; brick additions to the old Allen B. Wilson Home, which constituted the main building, had been erected. At the west of the main build- ing was the site for the nurses' home. This was begun in November, 1892, and completed in July, 1893. It was the gift of Henry H. Peck. The laundry had also been erected and formed part of what was the Waterbury Hospital. Its officers in 1892, at the beginning of our quarter century, were: Presi- dent, Frederick J. Kingsbury ; vice president, Augustus S. Chase ; executive com- mittee, Edward L. Frisbie, George W. Beach, Henry H. Peck; secretary, J. Hobart Bronson ; treasurer, Augustus M. Blakesley ; directors, James S. Elton, David S. Plume, Edward C. Lewis, John W. Smith and the officers named. In 1892, the medical staff consisted of Drs. Alfred North and Edward L. Griggs, consulting physicians and surgeons, and the following visiting physicians and surgeons : Drs. W. W. Holmes, Frank E. Castle, Walter L. Barber, E. W. McDonald, C. S. Rodman, T. L. Axtell, John M. Benedict, Caroline R. Conkey. The matron was Miss Mary Felter, and her staff comprised "one trained nurse, three who have served in the hospital one year or longer and four in training." A janitor, one orderly, a cook, a waitress, and a laundress completed the working force. In this year, the hospital obtained the Margaret Gorman bequest of $9,441.40. Tn the following year the Olive M. Elton fund of $5,000 and the Scott bequest of $5,000 were received. In 1898, the hospital had grown to such proportions that the medical staff was considerably increased. Wlrle in 1897 the total number of hospital days recorded was 11,120, in 1808 it had grown to 13,178. In 1897 the number of cases treated was 379; in 1898 cases treated were 406. In 1898 Miss Mary Felter resigned as matron, and was succeeded by Miss Mary A. Andrews. Vol. 1— 11 161 162 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In 1901 the ground south leading to the roadway was presented to the hospital by James S. Elton. In 1903 the executive committee had been at its task for fourteen years, and requested the selection of younger men. Messrs. E. L. Frisbie, Geo. W. Beach and Henry H. Peck had performed these labors so well that it was only their insistance that finally made a change necessary, and Messrs. Henry L. Wade, William E. Fulton and Otis S. Northrop succeeded them. During this period a new roof was put on the wards. The equipment of a pathological department and purchase of apparatus and hospital instruments vastly enhanced the hospital's usefulness. A gift of $1,800 from Mr. Kingsbury, to which was added a gift from the Sunday school children of the city made it possible to construct a ward of seven beds for children. In 1904 the training school for nurses was established. In 1906 James S. Elton was elected to the presidency, to succeed Mr. Kings- bury, who felt that he had earned a respite from his task. The need of increased hospital facilities had now become so imperative that the officers determined upon raising an ample fund for the construction of a new hospital. The total number of hospital days for 1906 had gone to 14,636 and in 1907 the record was 16,344. The year 1907 recorded 665 cases treated, — an increase of eighty-eight over the previous year. During 1906 the movement took on such proportions that at the end of 1907 a fund for new hospital buildings had reached $250,000. It was at this time that the property known as Westwood, containing about 21 acres, was purchased from C. L. and W. W. Holmes as the site of the new hospital In 1908 Henry Bacon of New York was selected as architect, and it was decided to move the old Holmes Residence to a new location and to convert it into a nurses' dormitory. On May 16, 1910, the cornerstone of the new hospital buildings was laid in the presence of the directors and physicians of the staff. When the new Waterbury Hospital was finally opened in the fall of 191 1, it was found that more than $300,000 had been expended in the construction, furnishings and fixtures. The donors of the building fund were as follows : Estate of Susan Bronson, C. L. and W. W. Holmes, Mrs. Mary J. Schlegel, J. H. Bronson, Frederick J. Kingsbury, Archer J. Smith, Mrs. Mary E. Burrall, Elisha Leavenworth, M. L. Sperry, The A. S. Chase Family, George A. Lewis, Howard B. Turtle, Mrs. Mary A. Curtiss, Charles Miller, Mrs. Mary A. Tuttle, James S. Elton, Mrs. Mary L. Mitchell, Henry L. Wade, Franklin Farrel, Henry H. Peck, George L. White. Mrs. Ida E. Fulton, Estate of C. M. Piatt, Wm. E. Fulton, Heirs of Wm. S. Piatt, The Buckingham Building, erected in 1906, is the gift to the hospital of J. H. Whittemore. The nurses' dormitory in Westwood Hall was in memory of Israel Holmes. It was the generosity of Henry H. Peck which supplied the substantial iron fence, the walls and the artistic entrance shelter on Robbins Street, later still further beautified by him. The location of the hospital brings out all the classic lines of construction. It is a model institution within and without. < H i— i Ph o M W P m En <>5 WATERBURV AXJ) THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 163 The death, in 191 2, of Henry L. Wade, who had been on the executive com- mittee and a director since 1903, necessitated the election of a new member. J. Richard Smith was chosen to fill the vacancy. Mr. Wade's last gift to the Hospital was a bequest of $5,000 for a free cot. This is known as the Henry L. Wade Free Bed Fund. Eight of the rooms in the new hospital were furnished at once in memory of L. Eliza Crosby, Mary B. F. Griggs, Robert W. Hull, Capt. Henry B. Peck, Emma L. Seelig. Edward O. Steele, Francis R. P. Welton and John Howard Whittemore. The family of the late Doctor North, the first surgeon on the staff, donated the instruments and cases in the operating room. In 1913 the facilities of the new hospital were tested almost to capacity. The total number of hospital days increased to 25,866, and the total number of cases treated was 1,335. In 1914, these figures were respectively 25,589 and 1,456. But gifts were showered upon the new institution and its friends saw to it that nothing was lacking to make it thoroughly up-to-date in its work and in its facilities. In 191 5 the number of cases treated exceeded the estimated capacity of the hospital on several occasions. In fact, although but eighty beds were provided, there was often found room during the year for 100 patients. It was in 191 5 that plans were approved for a 25-room dormitory with assembly hall and super- intendent's suite, as an addition to the nurses' home. Each year is now adding to the endowments. In 191 5 Miss Alice Eliza Kingsbury gave $5,000 for the Scovill-Kingsbury bed which is established for the poor of St. John's Parish, Waterbury. By the last annual report which covers the year 1916, the total number of cases treated was 1,759, with a total of 29,283 hospital days. During 1916 the improvements, above mentioned, were completed at a cost of approximately .^30,000. During the year the bequest of $25,000 from the estate of Julia V. Warner Spencer for the general fund and $5,000 for a free cot to be known as the Emeline D. Warner Fund, was announced. In this year, too, a gift of $10,000 was made by Mr. and Mrs. Henry W. Scovill for the endowment of a room to be known as Mother Scovill's Room. Up to August, 1917, the hospital cared for 300 more patients than had been treated in the same length of time in 1916. This constant increase in service has now necessitated the erection of a new wing on the south side of the hospital, plans for which are being approved. When this addition is completed, the hos- pital will have a capacity of 175 beds. From the training school for nurses connected with the hospital, fifty have been graduated from 1906 to January 1, 1917. The largest class, ten, was grad- uated in 191 5. and the smallest, one, in 1908. The Hospital Aid Society was organized as an efficient source of helpfulness to the Waterbury Hospital on September 15, 1890. It has been exceedingly active, seeing that gifts of clothing, bedding, papers, books, pictures and deli- cacies are never lacking. Its officers at present are: President, Katherine D. Hamilton; secretary, Mrs. Hiram M. Steele; treasurer, Abbie S. Kingman. Of the directors who were on the original board in T884 only the president, Tames S. Elton, is now among the living. Of the corporators named in the original charter, only James S. Elton and Frederick J. Brown survive. The officers for 1917 are as follows: President, James S. Elton; vice presi- dent, Henry H. Peck; treasurer, Albert J. Blakesley ; secretary, J. H. Bronson ; 164 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY executive committee, Otis S. Northrop, J. Richard Smith, Henry H. Peck; super- intendent, Miss Grace L. Wolcott; directors, James S. Elton, Harris Whitte- more, Henry H. Peck, Otis S. Northrop, Henry S. Chase, J. H. Bronson, William E. Fulton, J. Richard Smith. The following is the medical staff for 191 7: Senior surgeon, F. E. Castle; ophthalmic senior surgeon, C. S. Rodman; resi- dent consulting physician and surgeon, C. W. S. Frost ; non-resident consulting physicians and surgeons, J. S. Martin, Watertown; E. K. Loveland, Watertown; W. S. Munger, Watertown; H. S. Allen, Woodbury; J. M. Benedict, Wood- bury; N. L. Deming, Litchfield; F. J. Tuttle, Naugatuck; R. S. Goodwin, Thomas- ton ; G. D. Ferguson, Thomaston ; Robert Hazen, Thomaston ; H. B. Hanchett, Torrington ; Harold B. Woodward, Terryville ; attending staff, physicians, W. L. Barber, D. B. Deming, Charles Engelke, F. G. Graves, E. L. Smith, A. D. Variell; surgeons, W. L. Barber, Jr., A. A. Crane, N. A. Pomeroy, E. H. Johnson, J. S. Dye, G. M. Smith; assistant physician, H. E. Hungerford; assistant surgeons, Edmund Spicer, E. H. Kirschbaum ; gynecologists, H. G. Anderson, C. H. Brown; obstetricians, J. J. Gailey, D. B. Deming, Edmund Russell; laryngol- ogist, C. E. Munger; pathologist, Charles Engelke; orthopedic surgeons, F. H. Albee, J. L. Moriarty ; opthalmic surgeons, D. J. Maloney, T. F. Bevans ; anaes- thetists, Edmund Russell, Eugene F. Callender, A. F. McDonald ; radiographer, C. H. Brown; dermatologist, T. M. Bull; dental surgeons, H. W. Stevens, A. B. Holmes ; urologist, A. C. Swenson. st. mary's hospital of waterbury St. Mary's Hospital, which is conducted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, opened its doors for the care of patients in 1909. The need of thoroughly equipping an institution of this beneficent character became more and more pressing. The women of Waterbury met on March 7, 1908, and organized what is now known as St. Mary's Hospital Aid Association. It was through its splendid efforts that the hospital was enabled when it finally began its great work of service, to present an institution supplied with every convenience and modern appliance for the care of the sick. St. Mary's Hospital may be called a monument to the memory of the late Right Rev. Mgr. William J. Slocum. It was through his effort that the initial funds were raised, he starting it with a contribution of $20,000, and it was largely through his urging that the building project assumed shane in 1906 and 1907. In the latter year the State of Connecticut contributed $10,000 to the under- taking, adding $6,250 to this in 1909. The total cost of land and buildings up to January 1, 191 1, was $247,555.39. The building is constructed on the models of the finest institutions of the kind in the country. Its equipment is in every way up-to-date. Dr. D. J. Maloney furnished the children's ward ; Mary J. Russell and mem- bers of her family furnished another ward. Others were furnished, one by friends in memory of J. C. Mulville, one by Frank P. Brett and Mary Minnehan, one by E. T. and Jeremiah H. Daly, one by Notre Dame, one by St. Bonaventure's Alumnae, one by the St. Thomas Parish, and one by Fred Wm. Derwin. Many private rooms were endowed in addition to the above ward endowemnts. In July, 1910, the hospital was formally incorporated, the board consisting of: President, Right Rev. John Nilan, D. D., vice president, Rev. Luke Fitzsimons, P. R. ; superintendent, Sister Mary Xavier, all of whom continue in their respective offices. The directors were Right Rev. John Nilan, D. D., Very Rev. ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL, WATERBLTRY WATERBURY AXI) THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 165 Thomas Duggan, V. G., Rev. Luke Fitzsimons, P. R., Right Rev. John Synnoth, Rev. Timothy Crowley, LL. D., Rev. James E. O'Brien, Win. S. Jones, Terrence F. Carmody, Mortimer I teffernan, W'm. Kennedy, Thomas F. Jackson, Sister Mary Germain. The first medical staff of St. Mary's Hospital was as follows: President, Dr. B. G. O'Jlara; vice president. Dr. Nelson A. Pomeroy; secretary, Dr. John D. Freney. The surgeons were Doctors Pomeroy, Kilmartin, Crane, Lawlor, Russell and O'Connor. The consultants were Drs. D. F. Sullivan, J. F. O'Con- nor, J. B. Boucher of Plartford, T. F. McGrath of New York, and J. J. Higgins of New York. The physicians were Drs. M. J. Donahue, P. J. Dwyer, J. H. Dillon, F. I. McLarney, J. J. McLinden, P. J. Brennan. The consultants were Drs. J. E. Castle, A. W. Tracy of Meriden, W. J. Hogan, W. J. Delaney of Nau- gatuck, I). Reidy of Winsted, W. J. Barber, Jr., \V. J. Conklin of Ansonia, J. H. Kane of Thomaston, L. J. Thibault. Gynecologist, Dr. Charles A. Monagan; obstetrician. Dr. B. A. O'Hara ; ophthalmologist, Dr. D. F. Maloney; laryngologist, and aurist, Dr. J. D. Freney ; dermatologists, Drs. C. W. S. Frost and T. J. McLarney ; pediadrists, Drs. J. E. Farrell and T. F. Healey ; radiographist and orthopedist, Dr. J. L. Moriarty; pathologist, Dr. D. B. Deming; gastrologist, Dr. J. Gancher. In 1911 the hospital cared for 1,705 patients, an increase of 239 over the previous year. In 1912 there was an increase of 373 patients or 2,001 cases treated at the hospital; in 1913, 2,202; in 1914, 1,999; in 191 5, 2,619; m I 9 J 6, 3 ? 388. St. Mary's Hospital as it is today has long since reached the limit of its capacity and the need of additional facilities is so apparent that the two proper- ties adjoining the hospital on Franklin Street have now been purchased, the one costing $11,500 and the other $15,000. On this it is proposed to construct the necessary additions just as soon as building conditions warrant. The Nurses Home, which was opened two years after the dedication of the hospital, has been an effective aid to the institution and is in charge of a corps of thoroughly experienced teachers. St. Mary's Hospital Aid Association, which was organized two years before the actual opening of the hospital and which at the very outset supplied the furnishings for the institution, has continued its splendid work of looking after the minor needs of the hospital. No year has passed without its array of useful gifts to the institution and patients. The officers of St. Mary's Hospital Aid Association follow : President, Mrs. M. J. Lawlor ; recording secretary, Angela Maloney ; financial secretary, Mar- garet Higgins ; treasurer, Susan O'Neil. The medical staff of the hospital is at present as follows: President, B. A. O'Hara, M. D. ; vice president, Nelson A. Pomeroy, M. D. ; secretary, J. D. Freney, M. D. ; visiting physicians. P. L Brennan, M. D. ; M. J. Donahue, M. D. ; T. J. McLarney. M. D. : J. H. Dillon. M. D. ; P. J. Dwyer, M. D. ; J. J. McLin- den, M. D. : assistant physician, R. J. Lawton, M. D., Terryville ; consultant phy- sicians, \V. T- Delaney, M. D. ; W. A. Reilly, M. D.. Naugatuck; visiting surgeons, T. T. Kilmartin. M. D. ; N. A. Pomeroy, M. D. ; M. J. Lawlor. M. D. ; G. W. Russell. M. D; P. T. O'Connor, M. D. ; consultant surgeon, A. A. Crane, M. D. ; assistant surgeons. J. W. Fruin, M. D. ; T. E. Parker, M. D. ; J. A. Grady. M. I).; A. I'. Yastola. M. D. ; attending surgeons, John Sinclair Dye, M. D. ; Andrew Jackson, M. D. ; gynecologist, Charles A. Monagan. M. D. ; proctologist. John J. Egan, M. D. ; obstetrician, B. A. O'Hara, M. D. ; pediatrists, J. E. Far- 166 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY rell, M. D. ; T. J. Healey, M. D. ; R. J. Quinn, M. D. ; ophthalmic surgeon, D. J. Maloney, M. D. ; laryngologist, J. D. Freney, M. D. ; orthopedist, J. L. Moriarty, M. D. ; radiographists, J. L. Moriarty, M. D. ; J. H. McGrath, M. D. ; dermatolo- Frost,gist, T. J. McLarney, M. D. ; consultants, T. M. Bull, M. D. ; C. W. S. M. D. ; gastrologist, J. B. Gancher, M. D. CHAPTER XIV THE ORGANIZATION OF CHARITY ORGANIZATION OF THE ASSOCIATED CHARITIES — CHANGE IN OFFICIALS — SOCIAL SERVICE CLUB AND ITS WORK AIDING THE RED CROSS THE BUILDING OF LIN- COLN HOUSE — -THE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS LEAGUE STARTING THE OPEN-AIR SCHOOL — RECORDS OE TWO YEARS ITS OFFICIALS FIRST "UNITED CHARITIES" DAY NURSERY — THE SOUTH MAYD HOME KING'S DAUGHTERS BABY WELFARE STATION THE QUEEN'S DAUGHTERS DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA SALVATION ARMY. In Waterbury, a generation ago, everybody knew everybody else, and sick- ness or misfortune that called for more than simple neighborly help could be brought to the attention of churches, lodges or employers and speedily relieved with certainty as to the conditions to be ameliorated. But as the city grew this communal system became disorganized. For many years after the depression which began in 1893 there was no public emergency that called for relief with the exception of the South Waterbury fire, which made many families homeless. The panic of 1908 fell suddenly and brought with it the realization that the exist- ing social machinery had not grown with the community and that a systematic organization of charitable effort was necessary. Before this, there had been a deepening social consciousness and a deepening interest in the community's living conditions which had manifested itself, espe- cially in the anti-tuberculosis work, part of a nation-wide crusade. Many good enterprises were already on foot ; some of them showed a tendency at times to overlap and some means of preventing duplication of effort became necessary. Thus the Associated Charities of Waterbury was formed in 1909, largely as a result of experience and observation of conditions during the preceding year. Lincoln House, the permanent home of the Associated Charities, has been designed for the Social Service work of the community. It was formally occu- pied during August, 191 7. This splendid structure, ideal for its purpose, is the gift of a small coterie of Waterbury's most prominent citizens, who have ex- pended approximately forty-two thousand dollars in their self-imposed task of properly housing the beneficent activities of the community. It may be said to mark for permanence the great work of co-ordinated charity in Waterbury. Of the growth of the Associated Charities since the date of its organization, and of the growth as well of the altruistic spirit that has fathered the movement, the following figures of monies raised and expended since October 1, K)O0, speak in no uncertain tones : October, ujog, to June 30. [910 $ 3,893.52 July 1 . mho, to June 30, 1911 5.705-54 July 1 . ii)ii, to June 30, [912 7, 578.76 July 1. 1912, to June 30. 1913 8,097.14 July r. 1913, to June 30, 1914 9,618.32 167 168 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY July i, 1914, to June 30, 1915 14,462.61 July 1, 1915, to June 30, 1916 10,389.90 July 1, 1916, to June 30, 1917 11,725.15 $71,472.94 This total does not include the money separately raised for playground work. The Associated Charities of Waterbury began its labors of co-ordinating and directing the charitable efforts of the community on October 1, 1909, and from that date until the end of its fiscal year, June 30, 1917, it has had under careful investigation and consideration approximately forty-five hundred cases, involv- ing close to fourteen thousand individuals. This is sufficient testimony that the organization has ably carried out its important mission of supplementing the various philanthropic enterprises which prior to 1909 worked along distinct lines, in many instances duplicating and confusing the great work of helpfulness to the unfortunates in Waterbury. Today by means of the organization, all of the city's philanthropic enterprises — district nursing, relief work, the war on tuberculosis, day nurseries, boys' and girls' clubs — are all in the field, each with its corps of willing and trained work- ers, laboring together and co-ordinated on behalf of the destitute and stricken. The functions of the Associated Charities may be regarded as fivefold. First. Co-ordination : To stand as a clearing house for the different philanthropic agencies, that each may know what the others are doing and thus be left free to carry its own work at highest efficiency. Second. Investigation : To inquire carefully into the needs of all applicants brought to its attention and bring them at once into communication with those organizations or other forces best fitted to meet the need. Third. Relief: To see that destitution is relieved so far as it is in its power to relieve it. Fourth. Civic Action : To endeavor to trace desti- tution to its social causes and to direct its energy toward the removal of those causes, wherever this is possible. Fifth. Charities Endorsement: To investi- gate the appeals for money or other assistance which come to the people of Waterbury from other cities for alleged charitable institutions or societies wher- ever these appeals come to its notice, and to keep on file a record of the results of inquiries for the benefit of all citizens who may be aided by such information. The Associated Charities is in existence to study the problem of poverty in Waterbury as a whole. Its aim is to protect the community from the worst evils due to poverty and to place destitute families in a position to help themselves. The history of its inception begins with the growing conviction in the years just prior to 1909, that a real and increasing need existed in the city for the establishment of some central office or agency to fill an evident gap in the local field of charitable effort. A number of active organizations for benevolent pur- poses were already in operation: the city department of charities, the churches, the hospitals, the day nurseries, the Industrial School, the Boys' Club, the Visiting Nurses' Association (which does nearly all the external hospital work of the city), the Anti-Tuberculosis League, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, the King's Daughters, the Queen's Daughters (a group of noble women who came from France when the religious orders were suppressed), the Sunshine Society, the Salvation Army (organized in Waterbury in 1892), all were doing charitable work, but each along its own particular line and each independently of the others. As a result, there was considerable repetition of relief ; some beneficiaries were receiving assistance from several sources without the knowledge, one of the other; others, in equal or greater need, failed to receive the kind or amount of WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 169 assistance fitted to their necessities. There was no central office from which anyone could learn whether an applicant for relief was or was not already being aided by other means. Particularly was the lack felt of some place where the busy citizen or minister of a church, besought by frequent appeals for aid, could send an applicant and know that his case would be carefully investigated and that he would be brought into touch with the agency best suited to care for him. It is a pleasure to acknowledge at this point the appreciation that is felt for the inspiration proceeding from the heart and mind of Miss Helen E. Chase, whose time and means have always been given freely to brighten the lives of others. Circumstances prevented her from taking an active part in the organi- zation of the society and thanks are due to a few 7 other public-spirited citizens for the initial steps. Following their deliberations and their desire to obtain the best advice on the subject, correspondence was started with the Charity Organiza- tion Society and Russell Sage Foundation in New York City, which resulted in sending to Waterbury in January, 1909, Miss Margaret F. Byington, one of the heads of the department for the extension of organized charity. Conferences were then held between some of the ministers of the city churches, the head workers and directors of several philanthropic organizations, and a group of business men invited for the purpose, at which Miss Byington explained the objects, principles and methods of charity organization societies. The opinion was generally expressed by those present that such a society was needed in Water- bury. As a result of these meetings, a committee of eleven persons was appointed to take charge of the formation of the proposed society. This committee, as finally constituted, consisted of representatives from eight churches, from the city government, and from the general body of business men, and included the fol- lowing persons: Chairman, John Moriarty; secretary, Robert E. Piatt; John M. Burrall, Wallace H. Camp, Terrence F. Carmody, Isidore Chase, Louis E. Fitz- simons. Charles P. Kellogg, William O'Neil, Archibald E. Rice, and J. K. Smith. Frequent meetings of this committee were held during the winter months. On February 28, 1909, a general meeting was held at which delegates from the vari- ous churches and charitable organizations were present, articles of association were signed by thirty-one persons, and a constitution and by-laws for the pro- posed society were adopted. A body of thirty-six directors-at-large was elected at this time and an address was given by J. B. Deacon, manager of the Associated Charities of Paterson, N. J. The first regular meeting of the board of directors was held in City Hall Annex on April 18, 1909, when the officers and executive committee were elected who had charge of the society during its first year of active existence. A special public meeting of the society was held on May 25th, in Institute Hall, at which a revised constitution and by-laws were adopted and James Minnick, superintend- ent of the Society for Organizing Charity in Providence, R. I., spoke upon some of the broader aspects of organized charity work. At all of the meetings of the organizing committee, and later of the execu- tive committee, much attention was devoted to the nature of the work that it was proposed to do in Waterbury, and to the question whether there should be engaged as manager of the society some resident of the place, or whether some person of experience should be secured elsewhere who had had training in this particular kind of work. The decision was in favor of engaging an experienced worker. The executive committee felt itself fortunate in securing in July, 1909, as manager of the Waterbury society, Howard L. Udell, who had just completed a year and a half as head of the Associated Charities of Pawtucket, R. I., and before that had been for three years in the Bureau of Charities in Chicago, part of the time in charge of one of the large district offices of that society. 170 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The Associated Charities of Waterbury opened its office in the Cowell-Guil- foile Building, on October I, 1909, under the direction of Mr. Udell. In the very first nine months of its history, the nature of its work was made clear. It provided hospital care in 15 cases and it referred patients in 42 in- stances to the Anti-Tuberculosis League, and in 26 instances to the Visiting Nurses' Association. Of the 64 cases of unemployment which were brought to it during the nine months ending July 1, 1910, not a few were the result of either intemperance or inefficiency. Thirty applications for help were traced directly to intemperance. 28 to old age, 21 to accidents, 19 to death of the bread-winner or some older member of the family, 11 to grave mental defects, 7 to poverty and illness attrib- utable directly to immorality, 4 to the bread-winner being imprisoned, several to desertion, and 51 to the power of self-support having been destroyed or seri- ously impaired by the habit of promicuous begging. During this initial period the Associated Charities was asked to give or with- hold its endorsement in six instances where outside persons solicited funds in Waterbury for alleged charitable institutions. Two of these were pretended uni- versities in the South. Most careful inquiries could not, however, discover any- thing resembling a university in either of the places. In one there were few, if any, students, and the man who posed as president evidently reaped considerable profit out of northern philanthropists, desirous of helping the cause of education among the colored race. The other was declared by persons having knowledge of the situation, to be inefficient to the last degree. The organization was also called upon by out-of-town societies and institutions to make investigations in twenty-three instances. The keynote of the second year's labor of the Associated Charities was sounded at the annual and mid-winter meetings of its board of directors. The first of these was addressed by Dr. Hastings H. Hart, of the Russell Sage Foun- dation, on the general subject of "Child-Helping." The speaker compared at length the advantages of home and institutional care for children and showed the incomparable superiority of home life as a means of fitting a boy or girl for ulti- mate citizenship. At the second meeting. Judges Clark, of Hartford, and Math- ewson, of New Haven, told of the splendid work done in each of these cities by a woman probation officer, in visiting the homes of neglected or incorrigible chil- dren, guiding them and their parents toward better living. As a result of their representations, the meeting placed itself on record as urging the desirability of appointing a woman probation officer in Waterbury. After a thorough investiga- tion of the qualifications of various candidates, the choice fell upon Miss Lillian Greenwood, of Philadelphia, whose services in Waterbury began September 1, 1911. During the summer of 191 t, the South Main Street playground was opened through the efforts of the Associated Charities, and Miss Sadie Bleistift, a teacher in one of the New York public schools and an experienced worker in the recre- ation centers of that city, was engaged as play-leader, entering on her services July 1st and continuing until August 31st. During that time her capability and resourcefulness was the wonder of all who saw her. An attractive feature was the folk-dancing, in which the girls took part with great enthusiasm, while the younger ones had their time and talent absorbed by the study of one of Mrs. John Shotwell's charming playlets. The regretted and unexpected departure in May, 191 2, of the manager, How- ard L. Udell, to a position of larger responsibility and remuneration as head of the Associated Charities in Detroit, Mich., called attention to the affairs of the WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 17] Waterbury society in a way that his quiet but effective work might not otherwise have done. As his successor, the executive committee secured Eugene Kerner, of Newark. X. J., who came highly recommended after two years' experience in the Organized Charities of Chicago, fourteen months as head of the Ohio Valley district of the Associated Charities of Pittsburgh, and two years as organizer of the state-wide antituberculosis campaign in Kentucky. An interesting event in the record for the year 191 2 was the incorporation of the society under the general laws of the state, regulating the formation of volun- tary associations without capital stock. Some further evidence of the helpful work of the Associated Charities among the destitute and stricken was brought out in the manager's report for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1912. Among the 588 families applying to the society in the year [911-1912 there were found 275 persons suffering from bodily or mental defects of long standing and. not susceptible to immediate cure. Seventy-one of these were victims of tuberculosis, 14 suffering from defective sight, 11 were feeble minded, there were 7 paralytics, there were 6 epileptics, 6 insane. 6 who suffered from chronic heart trouble, 5 deaf mutes, 5 suffering from rheumatism, 4 handicapped with chronic kidney trouble, 4 totally blind, 3 with deformed feet, 3 affected with serious venereal, trouble, 3 with spinal difficulty, 2 with Bright's disease, broken back, infantile paralysis, deformed hand, cancer, loss of an arm, loss of a hand, mental backwardness, loss of a leg, and defective speech. In addi- tion to these there were 8 families having tubercular history. 6 in which tubercu- losis was suspected, and 91 cases of alcoholism. There were 22 instances of sex immorality, 6 families with children in the reform school, 6 addicted to the habitual use of drugs, 6 truant children, 5 incor- rigibles. 4 persons with simply a police record. 4 others who had served time in the penitentiary, 3 privately known to be dishonest, 3 merely irresponsible, 2 sex degenerates, and 2 deserting mothers. In the summer of 1912, Waterbury possessed four public playgrounds in addi- tion to the two conducted respectively by the Waterbury Industrial School and the Associated Charities. What the Associated Charities has been able to do in the interest of housing reform in Waterbury has been, as yet, only tentative. Through the efforts of the society a committee of the State Conference was enabled to authorize an investi- gation of the housing conditions of the city. The services of Dr. Carol Aranovici, formerly with the Bureau of Municipal Research in New York and later at Prov- idence, were secured by this committee. Under his direction, an investigation was conducted which covered 1,000 tenement houses in Waterbury and the result of this survey was presented in a series of graphic stereopticon pictures at the second meeting of the State Conference on the evening of Sunday. April 14, 1912. An interesting feature of the activities of 1912 was the organizing of the Social Service Club, to which all persons having rendered some service to any one of the city's philanthropic organizations are eligible. It meets one evening each month, from October to May. Its program consists of a dinner, followed by an address from some specialist in social work on his own-chosen line, con- cluding with a general discussion. This club has for its object, chiefly the promo- tion of acquaintance and good-fellowship among the active workers in the chari- table field, and secondarily to provide an intellectual stimulus that can not fail to be a source of added strength for the tasks of the day. It was in the fiscal years ended June 30, 1914, and June 30. 1915, respectively, that the Associated Charities had its greatest tasks. During the winter of 19 14 172 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY it rendered some kind of useful service to 775 families, comprising 3,434 individ- uals, of whom 1,892 were children under fourteen years of age. Twenty-four nationalities were represented. This number does not include hundreds of home- less men who applied for assistance. It met the unusual conditions of hundreds of unemployed by providing 882 days of emergency employment for all able-bodied men with families. It paid these men daily in the form of cash, food, fuel or rent as seemed best for each particular case. There was spent in this way $1,335.45. It kept the men in good physical condition and preserved their independence and self-respect. To the splendid success of this scheme much credit is due to the city street department, which furnished the teams, tools and foremen for the work. It created sewing for a large number of women who were the bread-winners for the family. The sum of $1,373.08 was spent in this way for labor and mate- rial. These women turned out 3,800 garments, 2,521 of which were sent to the Red Cross and Belgian Relief, and the remainder were used locally. It secured the co-operation of citizens, who provided days work for the unem- ployed and paid them in cash. With the return of prosperity came a new problem for the Associated Chari- ties, — that of providing for those hard hit by the high cost of living. In its report for the year ended June 30, 1916, the manager says: "There are many families with a large number of children who are worse off now than before our prosperity began. We spent $4,415.53 in the form of material relief in giving needed aid to these families. "No able-bodied and mentally normal men have applied to the Associated Charities during the entire year. Only sick, old and physically handicapped are asking for help now. The present demand for able-bodied men only makes their case more pitiful. "Material relief without careful personal service is not enough for these fami- lies. Where there is illness, careful attention must be given to insure proper med- ical care. The well members must be given adequate income so that they may be kept well. "Where defective eyes are formed, a competent oculist is consulted and glasses purchased. Where children have improper clothing and shoes for school, the parents must be persuaded (in some cases forced) to buy them, or if upon inves- tigation they are found unable to buy these articles, they must be provided for them. * * "With the relief goes the care and plan for the future, which is the only thing that really makes relief worth while. To give a man food one day and not sufficient thought and service with it to know what will become of him the next day will secure no benefit for him. The Associated Charities aims to remove as far as possible the cause of poverty, thus making the need for relief less neces- sary." Nor does the work of helpfulness end here. There is the task also of the Visiting Housekeeper, who is working with scores of families monthly. As secretary of the Committee on Civilian Relief of the local Red Cross Chap- ter, the manager of the Associated Charities had charge of the investigations and disbursements of the fund for dependent families of soldiers called to the Mex- ican border in 191 6, in the Army service. The workers of the Associated Chari- ties at all times give freely of their services to kindred social service work, such the the Red Cross work, Christmas Seal Campaign, Social Service Club, and others. . During the fiscal year ended June" 30, 1917, the unusual growth and develop- WATERBURY AND THE NTAUGATUCK VALLEY 173 inent of the Red Cross work, due to the war, has tested the energies of the Asso- ciated Charities. Its Red Cross Civilian Relief work has also gone on along the lines of the Mexican mobilization period. Its regular work of assistance for the poor and the sick has been looked after with the expert skill which has given the Associated Charities of Waterbury a title to the gratitude of the community. The officers of the organization at present are: John P. Elton, president; Darragh DeLancey, vice president; Edwin C. Northrop, treasurer; Robert E. Piatt, secretary; Eugene Kerner, manager; executive committee, Mrs. J. Hobart Bronson, Mrs. Arthur R. Kimball, Miss Alice Kingsbury, W. S. Jones, Dr. D. B. Deming, Charles P. Kellogg, Walter D. Makepeace, and Mrs. H. L. Wade. The directors-at-large elected in 1917 were: Mrs. J. Hobart Bronson, Rev. F. D. Buckley, Rev. Robert E. Brown, Mrs. W. H. Camp, T. F. Carmody, Miss Helen E. Chase, Isidore Chase, X. Combellack, Darragh DeLancey, Dr. A. Bed- ford-Deming, Dr. D. B. Deming, John P. Elton, Mrs. John P. Elton, Dr. F. J. Erbe, George A. Goss, Mrs. K. D. Hamilton, H. G. Hoadley, Mrs. C. A. Jackson, William S. Jones, Mrs. A. R. Kimball, Miss Alice Kingsbury, W. D. Makepeace, Julius Maltby, Dr. James L. Moriarty, John Moriarty, Edwin C. Northrop, William O'Neil, Miss Katherine L. Peck, Robert E. Piatt, Rev. H. B. Sloat, Mrs. Archer J. Smith, Cornelius Tracy, Mrs. H. L. Wade, Jay H. Hart. THE ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS LEAGUE OF WATERBURY W'aterbury's Anti-Tuberculosis League was officially organized February 16, 1908. During the nine years of its existence, it has a record of upwards of one hundred and seventy thousand visits to houses in which advice or service was needed. It has taken out of Waterbury and placed into sanitarium or into health- ful country surroundings approximately four thousand patients, who thus ceased to be a menace to family and friends. Outdoor sleeping accommodations have been provided in several hundred cases. Caretakers have been supplied in many instances ; milk, food, and medicine have been distributed where needed. The open air school, now a part of Waterbury's school system, was inaugurated. The children's clinic has done incalculable good. These results, thus briefly summarized, give the objects that underlie the organization of the Waterbury Anti-Tuberculosis League. It was at a meeting, not well attended, in the early days of 1908, that the first steps were taken to create the league. At this meeting an address was delivered by John F. Gunshanan, of Hartford, and the plan of organization was outlined by the men and women who have been continuously at its helm. These were Arthur R. Kimball, still the president of the league; Dr. Thomas J. Kilmartin, secretary throughout its history, and Dr. Elizabeth C. Spencer, of its early execu- tive committee and now an honorary member. The plan of organization embodied the election of delegates by the various fraternal societies to represent them on a central committee. This central com- mittee, consisting of 156 delegates, met and elected the customary officers and an executive committee of fifteen, who were empowered to carry on the active work. The executive committee organized immediately and proceeded to adopt consti- tution and by-laws. It was early decided that the dispensary system of reaching and aiding those afflicted was the one best suited for Waterbury and contributions were solicited from the various societies that had sent delegates. Societies re- sponded in amounts ranging from five to one hundred dollars, and in a very short time $1,310.59 was raised in this way. Private contributions brought the 174 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY amount up to $2,037.02, and with this fund as a nucleus the real work began by the installing of Mary C. Gormley as nurse in charge, the supplying of the needy with articles of diet suited to their condition, and the providing of means for an out-of-door life to those who could not otherwise procure it. It seems only simple justice to make official record in this place of the league's appreciation of the remarkable and devoted work, in behalf of the success of Waterbury's first Tag Day, of Dr. Elizabeth C. Spencer, her immediate associates, and practically all the women of Waterbury. This gave an additional $5,965.28 for the work of the league during the first year. The actual labors in behalf of Waterbury's victims of the White Plague began April 20, 1908. At first, when the patients were few in number, the nurse was able to give them considerable practical care. But as the number increased, it was evident that preventive and educational work must take the lead, and the friends and relatives of the patients must receive instruction that would enable them to give baths and attend otherwise to the personal comfort and well-being of the patients. A number of cases were reported by the Board of Health, Board of Charities, a few by the doctors, and some by the patients themselves, their friends, and other sources. The favorable cases were discovered by having those who had been exposed to the disease examined by Doctor Deming at his class meeting on Wednesday mornings, when possible for the patient to attend, or at his office by appointment. A summary of the first year's work is interesting. Fifteen patients were sent to the Gaylord Farm Sanatorium, only two of whom were self-supporting. Two patients were supported by the league, three by different fraternal organizations, one by the Board of Charities, five by individuals interested in work being done, and two by presidents of manufacturing concerns. Two patients, rejected from Gaylord Farm Sanatorium, were sent to a sani- tarium in Rutland, Mass. One of 'these was self-supporting and one was sup- ported by two clergymen. One patient was sent to the Hartford Hospital, and one was sent to Ireland by the Board of Charities ; one was sent to Ireland by relatives ; one to Cleveland, O., by fraternal organizations; one to Denver, Colo., by a benevolent society; one went South by the aid of friendly subscriptions ; one went to Providence, R. I., and one ex-patient of Gaylord Farm Sanatorium went to work in Westfield, Mass. Five were sent to country places where homes had been secured. One hundred and fifty-two patients were visited by the nurse, a total of 1,872 visits being made. Fourteen patients were ordered to sleep out of doors on verandas, protected by drop curtains; twenty reclining chairs were loaned to patients while taking the cure at home, and to ten patients room and board allowance were given. At the beginning of the second year, it was found necessary to engage the services of a second nurse, and Miss Josephine V. Hayes, a graduate of the New York City Training School, having had considerable experience, and being a very efficient Waterbury nurse, received the appointment. The work of instructing and helping patients in their homes was therefore strengthened and a great deal of good has been accomplished. During the second year, 162 new cases were given service and 3,850 visits were recorded by nurses. Of the 27 patients sent to Gaylord Farm Sanatorium, in 1909, only 6 were self-supporting, 8 were supported by private individuals, 8 received partial support by the league, 2 were entirely supported by the league, 1 by the city, 9 received help from manufacturers and fraternal organizations. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 175 During this year the work grew apace, and Dr. Dudley B. Deming, assistant secretary, recorded over one hundred examinations. Dr. John E. Farrell was appointed to take special charge of a children's anti-tuberculosis class. In 1912 the opening of the pavilion for children in the Gaylord Farm Sana- torium supplied a long-felt need. Two Waterbury children were sent there by the league immediately after the opening. Two years ago the open air school, which had been conducted by the league with eminent success, was turned over to the school system. It is now conducted during the school year on the roof of the Clark School. The average number of pupils is forty. These are all those in the public schools who show a tendency to lung trouble, and who have permission of parents to attend the school. Break- fast and noonday lunches are supplied, and these consist of the diet so essential in cases with tubercular tendencies. In August, 1 91 7, the league occupied its new rooms in Lincoln House. Here- after it will have splendid accommodations in which to continue its work. The records for the last two years ended February, 1917, show the growth of the work. During this two year period, 362 cases were sent to Gaylord Farm, 586 were sent to state sanitaria, 145 to county or other institutions, a total of 1,093 removed from Waterbury and no longer a menace to the healthy. During this two year period, league nurses visited 3,539 cases needing special attention. In addition, 65,000 visits were made to houses in which advice or service was needed. During the nine years of its existence, Waterbury's citizens have provided well for its needs, the total approximating close to seventy-five thousand dollars. The officers of the league are as follows : President, A. R. Kimball ; first vice president, J. L. Saxe ; second vice president, S. F. Gorham; secretary, Dr. T. J. Kilmartin ; assistant secretary, Dr. Dudley B. Deming ; treasurer, Walter W. Holmes; publicity secretary, Eugene Kerner; executive committee, Oscar Zieg- ler, John Robinson, John F. Galvin, Christian F. Lund, William Tysoe, F. S. Gorham, Rocco Mancini, Paul G. Schultze, A. W. Darley, William Dinneen, D. L. Summey, W. J. Pape, Albert Lampke, Dr. Chas. Engelke. THE FIRST "UNITED CHARITIES" On April 30, 1894, at a meeting held in the old Y. M. C. A. Hall the "United Charities" of Waterbury was organized. This to begin with co-operated with the Association for Christian Visitation and Charity which had been organized in 1891 by the Protestant churches of the city. At this meeting in April E. M. Dickinson represented the association for Christian Visitation and Charity, Mrs. R. N. Blakeslee represented the King's Daughters, Henry W. Scovill represented the Boys' Club, Patrick Holahan the Catholic churches, Horace G. Hoadley the Citizens' Bureau. Later the Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Association, the Indus- trial School and other like organizations joined. Until January 1, 1896, the expense of maintaining the central office was borne by the directors of Christian Visitation and Charity, who also continued their work, particularly that con- nected with a broom factory established in 1893. Its secretary was Edward M. Dickinson. For two years it held its quarterly meetings in February, May, August and November, but in 1897 the organization work waned and the activities were again taken up by the various societies. TITK WATERBURY DAY NURSERY The Waterbury Day Nursery, the object of which is the daily care of children under ten, whose mothers are forced to self-support outside their homes, had its 176 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY beginning in February, 1895, in a small building on Leavenworth Street, later the site of the tire house. It began with the care of three babies whose cribs were market baskets, but under the devoted care of Mrs. Steinmeyer, the first matron, it grew both in number and equipment. In 1897 it moved to Spring Street, and in 1898 it secured the home on Kingsbury Street. This, with a large yard in the rear for a playground, made an ideal place for its work. One of its beautiful customs established since its second year is the annual Christmas tree which all of its children come to enjoy. In 191 1 its total attendance was 9,322. Its largest record for one day was fifty and its smallest eight. This record of service has been kept up through the years since then, with over fifty children on the list and an average daily attendance of thirty-six. Its record for May, 1917, was 762; for June, 745; for July, 948; for August, 648; for September, 639; for October, 646; for November, 858. The equipment for its work is ideal. The kindergarten is finished in red enamel and has in it all of the usual appurtenances of educational beginnings. The baby room is in white enamel and has thirteen cradles. In this room are low circular tables with playthings. There are fine bathing facilities for the children. Dinner and supper are served the children daily. While no children over eight years of age are cared for, meals are provided for any little ones that require such service. At present Airs. L. M. Fowler is superintendent. The officers of the Day Nursery are : President, Edith Kingsbury ; secretary, Mrs. H. Milroy Steele ; treasurer, Martha R. Driggs. THE SOUTH MAYD HOME Mrs. Thomas Donaldson was the founder of Southmayd Home. Although it was not opened until 1898 it was in her mind as early as 1889, when she deposited $10 in a savings bank as the nucleus of a fund for the establishment of an Old Ladies' Home in Waterbury. Within four years she had secured $1,700 and many pledges, so that on June 26, 1894, the property on North Main Street on which the home was first located was purchased. It was the original purpose of Mrs. Donaldson to establish the home for members of the First Congregational Church only. But gradually the plan broadened, and although the lot and home were deeded to the First Church it was decided to make the home non-sectarian. The name "Southmayd" was suggested by Dr. Joseph Anderson in honor of one of the early pastors of the church. Its first board of managers was selected in December, 1894, and consisted of Mrs. Thomas Donaldson, Mrs. G. S. Parsons, Mrs. W. E. Riley, Mrs. C. F. Chapin, Mrs. O. S. Northrop, Mrs. C. A. Hamilton, Miss Susan H. Cairns of the First Church, Mrs. A. A. Blackmail, Miss Charlotte B. Merriman, Mrs. A. C. Northrop, Mrs. A. I. Goodrich, Miss Caroline A. Piatt representing the other churches of the city. H. H. Peck, E. C. Lewis and Cornelius Tracy were named as advisory committee. The managers did not meet until 1897. Mrs. Donaldson had, however, been busy and in August, 1897, announced that the Southmayd Home was free of debt and would be opened in the spring. At the first meeting of the board of managers, January 26, 1898, Mrs. A. I. Goodrich was chosen president; Miss Susan H. Cairns, secretary, which position WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 177 she still occupies, and Mrs. Thomas Donaldson, treasurer. It was not opened in the spring, hut the delay was brief, for on September 26, 1898, the home was dedicated, its first occupant being Mrs. Betsey 15. Merritt, eighty-one years old and blind. She died at the home October 7, 1900. On January 6, 1901, the board selected Mrs. Thomas Donaldson as superin- tendent and she occupied this position until 191 1. Mrs. Donaldson died in November, 1916. The home on North Main Street was entirely inadequate, even with an annex which was later added, for it could accommodate but six old ladies. In 191 1 the former Nurses' Home, of twenty-five rooms, part of the older buildings of the Waterbury Hospital, was leased to the Southmayd Home managers and it now accommodates sixteen old ladies. The organization has, however, purchased a lot on the Boulevard and will begin the construction of an ideal Old Ladies' Home with more than double the present capacity, as soon as building conditions permit and as quickly as a building fund can be obtained. The need of this is imperative, as the applica- tions are now far beyond capacity. The Southmayd Home has, through the bequest of Elisha Leavenworth and E. C. Lewis, about $90,000 in its maintenance fund, but this cannot be touched for building purposes. The officers and directors of the Southmayd Home are as follows : President, Mrs. W. H. Pierce; vice president, Mrs. W. E. Riley; secretary, Miss S. H. Cairns; treasurer, Mrs. H. G. Anderson. Members of the board are : Mrs. W. H. Pierce, Mrs. W. E. Riley, Miss S. H. Cairns, Mrs. H. G. Anderson, Mrs. W. W. Holmes, Mrs. C. A. Hamilton, Mrs. D. B. Deming, Mrs. W. S. Kellogg, Mrs. C. H. Merriam, Mrs. A. D. Field, Mrs. J. A. Coe. Members of advisory board: Cornelius Tracy, H. H. Peck, Edgar S. Lincoln. THE KIXG'.S DAUGHTERS The King's Daughters was organized in May, 1888, and of its ten original members there are now living Mrs. I. N. Russell, Mrs. R. William Hampson, Mrs. Ralph N. Blakeslee and Miss Florence Mabel Chapman. Mrs. A. I. Goodrich, who was its president for twenty-five years, died three years ago. She was also among the founders. The organization is non-denominational and does its work of benevolence and charity quietly and effectively. It takes many cases in hand which could not well be looked after by the Associated Charities. In many instances it supplies weekly allowances to really deserving poor. At Christmas time it distributes baskets of fruit to its long list of people needing help. In November, 191 6, the King's Daughters purchased the three-story building at 38 Grove Street. In this, to begin with, six girls were provided with room and board. In November, 191 7, there are twenty-two girls in Grove Hall and many applicants that cannot be considered because of lack of accommodations. The young women are given room and board for $6.00 or $7.00 weekly. The property cost the King's Daughters $15,000, and this has nearly all been paid off. There are at present eighty members who pay annual dues and who secure donations for the work of the organization. Its president is Mrs. Ellen J. YVhiton, the second to serve it in this capacity since its organization. Other officers are : Secretary, Miss Flora Church ; treas- urer. Miss Helen Chase. The board of managers consists of the officers and Vol. 1—12 178 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Mrs. Ralph N. Blakeslee, Mrs. S. R. Kelsey, Mrs. George S. Bissett and Airs. Rosa Simmons. The house mother is Mrs. Elizabeth C. Osborne. THE BABY WELFARE STATION The Visiting Nurses' Association of Waterbury among its many notable good deeds since its organization has done nothing more beneficial to the community than the establishment in June, 1916, of the Baby Welfare Station at 904 Bank Street. There clinics are held weekly on Tuesday and Friday with volunteer medical services. A nurse is daily in attendance, and until 1 1 o'clock every morn- ing pasteurized milk is sold at wholesale to mothers. The Ladies' Aid Society has been a helpful factor in the work. This consists of Miss Edith Kingsbury, Mrs. John N. Lewis, Mrs. Fred. S. Chase, Miss Martha R. Driggs, Miss North, Mrs. Henry L. Wade. THE QUEEN'S DAUGHTERS The Queen's Daughters is a Catholic women's charitable organization, founded in 1900 with Father Dunnegan as its first chaplain. Since then it has been served in this capacity by Father Dooley of Sacred Heart Parish, Father James Broderick and now Father J. A. Doherty of Immaculate Conception. It helps the poor and sick throughout the city by furnishing food, clothing, fuel, medicine, etc., by employing as nurses for the needy sick the Sisters of the Holy Ghost, who made 1,026 visits during the year, to November 30, 191 7, and by giving treatment at St. Mary's Hospital when necessary. Its members now number 362. Its officers are : Mrs. B. Doran, president ; Margaret Higgins, vice presi- dent; Mrs. J. Powers, recording secretary; Anna Dwyer, financial secretary; Rev. J. A. Doherty, treasurer and chaplain. The Sisters of the Holy Ghost are French nuns who sought refuge in the United States on their expulsion with many other religious orders from France. THE DAUGHTERS OF AMERICA The Daughters of America, Lincoln Council No. 5, is the Waterbury branch of the national organization of that name. The local council has been in existence since 1905. It pays only funeral benefits. Its membership is about thirty. Its present officers are : Curator, Mrs. Lillian Schroeder ; recording secretary, Mrs. Minnie Clark; financial secretary, C. L. Clark; treasurer, J. A. Schroeder. THE SALVATION ARMY The Salvation Army began its work in Waterbury in April, 1892, and the first officers in charge were Capt. Alexander Lamb and Lieut. W. Salmon. The first meetings were largely street gatherings, and night after night required police protection. A little later the interest increased and the old rink, which stood on the site of the present Buckingham Music Hall, was engaged for the meetings. Even though these were held indoors, they were by no means always of a peaceful nature. In fact, there is a story which has been handed down as an authentic Salvation Army human document, which tells how Captain Lamb was thrown out of a window by the roughs who had come to the rink to break up the meeting. But the work grew as it has grown in all American cities. The interest of Waterbury in the institution may be said to date from the mass meeting at the VVATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 179 Auditorium October 29, 1894, when the head of the army, Gen. William Booth, addressed both indoor and overflow gatherings. In 1895 the social or industrial work of the army was started by Capt. John York. This was made possible by the helpfulness of Waterbury citizens. Henry W. Scovill loaned the army the land on which its first woodyard was established. Ralph N. Blakeslee gave his team to draw the wood, and there were many gen- erous people who gave the money to buy the wood or gave the wood. This was very successful through several cold winters, and was one of the best aids the city had in its charitable work. In 1900 the army was in a position to occupy a building of its own, and the present two-story structure at 281 Bank Street was erected by Mrs. Ida Norton. While it was used for a time, it was not until 1905 that it was bought outright. One ground floor store is rented out, and the remainder is used for the religious work of the army. The officers in charge today feel that the Salvation Army needs new and larger quarters and in a section where it can be more useful. One other notable visit, that of Commander Booth-Tucker, now in charge of the Salvation Army work in India, in 1905, attracted local attention to its work and was followed by generous assistance on the part of public-spirited citizens of Waterbury. From 1905 on, the army leased the building at 324 South Main Street for its industrial work. This proved of exceptional value in the charitable work of the city. To supplement the work done in this building, Mr. Scovill loaned the army the property at the corner of Field and Meadow streets, where baling of paper was done and furniture and garments were sorted for distribution in the larger building. During the past five years, six teams have been employed collecting furniture, garments, shoes, paper, in a wide area. Twenty-five to thirty men have been given employment. This work, until April, 191 7, was in charge of Envoy Harry G. Frese. At that time the rented building at 324 South Main Street was sold, the rent was trebled, and the army forced to give up its industrial work in Waterbury, as it was found impossible to find another suitable location at a reasonable outlay. This was followed by the transfer of Envoy Frese to Boston, where he is now helping at the Salvation Army's social center. The teams were shipped to Boston and Hartford, and the army is waiting a change in rental conditions so that the work can be resumed here. In the meantime, the religious work continues in charge of Adjutant and Mrs. A. J. Tilley, who have been here for three years, coming from Framingham, Mass. They began their Salvation Army work thirty years ago, as pioneer officers in Newfoundland, and went from there to Canada. For the last twenty years they have been with the army in nearly every large town in New England. The work of the Salvation Army has appealed to the best people here, and its list of annual donors contains the name of nearly every public-spirited citizen of Waterbury. H. B. Tuttle of Naugatuck, A. A. Benedict, I. H. Chase, H. H. Peck and Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Reed Kimball are among those who have in the past decade been particularly helpful. Just now Adjutant and Mrs. Tilley are arranging to have the Waterbury branch represented in the great war work done by the Salvation Army, and which is much along the lines of the Red Cross work. CHAPTER XV REVIEW OF WATERBURY'S MANUFACTURES THE CENTER OF THE BRASS INDUSTRY ITS PERCENTAGE OF OUTPUT BY DECADES CENSUS FIGURES SHOW STRANGE CHANGES — PRODUCTION OF NEEDLES, PINS, HOOKS AND EYES NUMBER AND WAGES OF WORKERS IN WATERBURY FACTORIES SINCE 1899 CENSUS FIGURES ON VALUE OF WATERBURY PRODUCTS WHAT WATERBURY MANUFACTURES CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT SEX OF WAGE EARNERS THE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW FACTORY CONSTRUCTION SINCE I9OO. The older readers of this volume, whose memories run back to the Waterbury of the '90s, will remember some of the qualms with which many of our native New Englanders, who then constituted the bulk of the population, regarded the future of the city. It had been growing satisfactorily in business and population, having estab- lished itself as the brass center of the United States and having definitely out- grown, by the census of 1900, such former leaders or old rivals as Norwich, Meri- den, Danbury and New Britain. It did a thriving business in pins, machinery and clocks. It was the home of the Waterbury watch. But to many earnest observers of the times, all this seemed to be against nature. New England as a whole was working against difficulties which must cause her manufactures to decay as her agriculture had in the preceding gen- eration. Cotton mills were developing in the South, shoe factories in the Middle West, machine shops in Pennsylvania, brass foundries in Illinois and Michigan. New England was doomed. The argument against Waterbury was stronger than against New England as a whole. All of our raw materials came from long distances. Coal had to be hauled from Pennsylvania and no cop- per was mined within a thousand miles. With the upbuilding of the industries of the Middle West, and consequent shifting westward of the center of demand, was it reasonable that we could continue to haul copper and spelter past the factories of so many of our customers, and ship it back to them as brass bearing the charge of a double freight rate? Waterbury had no natural advantages, — absolutely none. With the industrial awakening of the enterprising West, she must cease to grow and her business must languish! In 1898 the opening of Center Street was opposed at a public hearing on the ground, that Waterbury had ceased to grow and would never need another business street. There was another cause for uneasiness in the "trust" movement which marked the closing years of that decade. Our industries might be gathered into the grasp of giant corporations whose controlling spirits, destitute alike of local affiliations and decency of sentiment, would cold-bloodedly close down many factories on the ground that Waterbury was not a logical site for an industry, When the International Silver Company acquired the local silver plate factories and promptly vacated the newly-built Rogers & Hamilton factory, the gloomiest 180 P H (— i Q P P m H « i— i o x VVATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 181 prophecies seemed confirmed. To the minds of the prophets of evil it was a sign and a warning. One of the capable manufacturers of Waterbury, who has been a wizard in making two crucible furnaces blossom where one had previously shone, was asked a few years ago whether the iqio census, then being taken, would indicate that Waterbury was in danger of losing her position as the seat of the American brass trade, lie said frankly that he did not know. He knew the percentage of growth of his own enterprises but not the proportion of the brass business that was done in Waterbury. But he answered in terms of brick and mortar. He pointed out that the continuous enlargements of the Naugatuck Valley brass foundries was the best answer to any misgivings as to the future of the brass trade hereabouts. "The brass industry in Connecticut," says Lathrop in his valuable monograph, "The Brass Industry," published in 1909, "affords a notable example of concen- tration. In 1880, 76%; in 1890, 70%; in 1900, 71%; and in 1905, y^/o of the rolling of brass and copper and the manufacture of the same was returned by the census as centered in the State of Connecticut. This concentration has been accomplished, notwithstanding the entire absence of raw materials within the state, and without any near absorbing market, except as such has appeared in the course of the development of the industry itself. The gross product of the brass mills is now more than seventy million dollars a year. There was, in 1900, no example of specialization involving so large a product which was as notable. * * * Connecticut is retaining her hold upon the brass industry in increasing rather than in diminishing proportion." The early census schedules were not consistently classified and some confusion exists as to former conditions, but it is clear that textile manufacturers were for a long time more important in this state than the brass industry. In 1900, however, the product of all the textile mills combined fell below that of 1880, while in 1890 brass manufacture became the leading industry in the state, and with its allied lines of manufacture had a gross product 25% larger than that of all the textiles. In 1905 the rolling mills alone had a product equal to that of the textile industry, while the addition of allied branches produced a product more than twice that of the textiles. "From the first," says Lathrop, "Waterbury has been the recognized center in the country of the brass industry, and within the city itself this has of course been the leading industry." Although the census apparently confuses manufactured and unmanufactured brass or treats them differently at successive census periods, the returns showed in 1890 that Waterbury was making 31% of the brassware of the United States and 40% of the brassware of Connecticut. In 1900, 48^ of the brassware of the country and 88% of the brassware of the state came from Waterbury. Account must be taken here, however, of a failure to distinguish a change which had taken place. Formerly practically all of the brass mills in the state both rolled brass and manufactured brassware. This con- dition prevailed in 1890 but a change w y asi taking place. The foundry and rolling mills were a logical unit, the brassware mill another, and plants tended to specialize. Some important exceptions existed, however, of which the Scovill Manufacturing Company is an instance of a great concern which casts, rolls and remanufactures its brass. While the separation spoken of was taking place the product of some plants might be classed either as "brass and copper, rolled" or "brassware" according as to which constituted at the time the greater volume of business. 182 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY These conditions resulted in some surprising vagaries in the census figures. For instance : Brass and Copper, Rolled (Entire Country). 1879 1889 1899 Wage-earners 5,082 2,698 8,459 Value of Products $14,329,871 $8,381,472 $44,309,829 Brass Castings (Entire Country). 1879 1889 1899 Wage-earners 6,237 10,943 9,154 Value of Products $10,808,742 $24,344,434 $23,891,348 Brassware. 1879 1889 1899 Wage-earners 1,142 7,157 8,770 Value of Products $1,523,098 $13,615,172 $16,803,764 To accept these figures must be to suppose that from 1879 to 1889 brass casting operations more than doubled but brass rolling fell off nearly one-half, while the manufacture of brassware, largely out of sheet brass, increased nearly 900 per cent. The 1910 census volume on manufactures admits this inconsistency in the figures on brass rolling and ascribes it to "changes in the classification of reports of some establishment." From 1899 to 1909, it points out, there was greater uniformity in the method of classifying. Obviously, estimates of the relative percentages of brass rolling, brass casting, etc., done by Waterbury, Naugatuck Valley, or Connecticut concerns cannot be accurately made from the census figures for these earlier periods and compari- sons extending back forty years are untrustworthy. There has been a change in the classification, however, since 1899, bronze products and reclaimed brass being included in the 1904, 1909 and 1914 brass classification. This now includes the following subdivisions of the heading "Brass and Bronze Products:" Brass : Ingot brass and shapes for remanuf acture. Brass and Copper, Rolled : Sheets, bars, rods, etc. Brass Castings and Finishings : Brass foundry work and finishing as dis- tinguished from lighter brassware ; car and engine brasses ; refining brass ; oiling devices ; safety steam appliances ; brass spigots ; hose couplings. Brassware : Ornaments for furniture, stair plates and stair rods, fenders, screens, plates, novelties, metal spinning, brass tubing. Bronze Products : It will be seen that the above list contains many articles that are not in Waterbury 's line at all while on the other hand, "Foundry and .Machine Shop Products" (primarily iron and steel wares) contains the following subdivision in which some characteristic Waterbury and Naugatuck Valley prod- ucts will be recognized : Hardware : Locks, brass draping chains, metal curtain rods, fancy uphol- stery nails, trunk trimmings ; cabinet, car, carriage, casket, furniture, piano and organ hardware. However, there is no doubt that we are living in a brass state, valley and city. The leadership is plainly set forth by the census bureau which sets forth that in 1909 Connecticut made 44.6 per cent of the brass and bronze products 66,932,969 53,916,445 49,059,000 44.6 527 55-3 31,061,875 19,086,964 20,238,000 21.3 19-5 22.8 16,409,613 16,297,911 11.0 15-9 4,445,658 5,382,761 4,147452 3-o 5-2 WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 183 of the United States, the two states next in order being New York with 14.8 per cent and Michigan with 9.3 per cent. As to the increase or decrease between censuses, the only figures exactly comparable are for 1904, 1909 and 1914, the 1899 figures being taken on a slightly different basis, and figures for previous census years being subject to vagaries. The comparison for these four manu- facturing censuses is as follows: BRASS AND BRONZE PRODUCTS I9H I9O9 I904 1899 United States $162,199,019 $149,989,058 $102,407,104 $88,654,000 Connecticut 69,353,103 Per Cent of U. S 42.1 Waterbury 32,624,187 Per Cent of U. S 20.1 Ansonia Per Cent of U. S... 10.7 Bridgeport Per Cent of U. S.. . The home of the brass industry is thus shown to be holding, its own. The addition to the brass classification of articles in which we do not compete and the inclusion in other schedules of some of our typical brass products, vitiates exact comparisons with earlier census reports while emphasizing the general conclusions to be drawn from them. The census bureau finds in the localization of the industry hereabouts one of the remarkable examples of industrial specialization worthy of emphasis in the special chapter devoted to the subject. There are four large industries in which Connecticut leads all other states : Brass and bronze, cutlery, firearms and plated ware. In three of the four Waterbury is interested and in one of them she is the leading manufacturing city. There is another, smaller but still significant, industry in which both Connecti- cut and Waterbury lead. It is the classification of "needles, pins and hooks and eyes." All three of these articles are never made in the same plant, yet they are historically and technically closely associated, so perhaps the classification is not unnatural. Here are the figures : PRODUCTION OF NEEDLES, PINS, HOOKS AND EYES IC/>4 1909 I914 I "nited States $4,/55>5 8 9 $6,694,095 $7,890,879 Connecticut 3,062,193 4.236,036 5,108,556 64-5% 63.3% 64.7% Waterbury. of course, produces an important part, perhaps the major part, of these pins and hooks and eyes, while Torrington similarly attends to the pro- duction of the needles, but the census reports do not go into too much detail because the number of plants engaged is so small that to do so would tend to disclose individual operations. The case is similar with clocks and watches made in Waterbury, which are listed under "all other products" so as not to disclose the operations of individual plants. 184 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY With these lines of manufacture lumped in the Waterbury manufacturing figures, the foundries and machine shops appear in the schedules as the second industry in size for which figures are separately given. The growth in this line from 1904 to 1909 has been especially significant: 1904 1909 Number of plants 13 23 Persons engaged 899 2,167 Capital engaged $1,409,000 $3,985,000 Salaries and wages 628,000 1,563,000 Value of products 1,335,000 3,558,000 Such capacity for development in a highly competitive industry indicates that Waterbury's machine shops and foundries are serving distinct needs both of their district and elsewhere and are less dependent upon easy access to cheap coal, iron and steel than on the command of technical knowledge and skill in handicraft which are native among our people. Waterbury, then, may feel secure of the future of its leading industry, which is localized also in the Naugatuck Valley and in Connecticut and has generations of stability behind it. Dr. Anderson expressed the belief that it was our poor soil which turned the energies of Waterbury's people to manufacturing. Brass having been chosen and the primacy secured, the skilled labor trained, and the inventive ability developed, capital accumulated in the hands of men born in the business, the exacting technique of the business tended to keep it centered here. It is shown in Lathrop's history that after the beginning of what came to be the Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company in 1823, there was not a single enterprise in existence in 1900 in Connecticut or outside of it, except the Manhattan Brass Company of New York City, which had been organized independently of the mills in the Naugatuck Valley. Of the five outside Con- necticut in 1895, one has since become a branch of the American Brass Company. Since that time two of comparatively recent origin have entered the trade, and one, the Chase Rolling Mill Company, has begun operations in Waterbury, but the growth of the local mills has apparently exceeded by far that of its outside competitors. The next census will probably show Waterbury's position in its basic industry to be more secure than ever. Nearly all of the other industries of the city are affiliated with brassmaking in either supplying its needs or using its product. The machine shops are here to devise and build the machinery which make the product and form it into articles of utility, the brassware factories (or "cutting-up shops," as the workmen say) taking the sheets and wire and fashioning them for consumption. In this class finally belong the clock, watch and pin industries, which grew out of the parent brass mills. They could have originated in any locality and brass sheets or wire would have been shipped to them, but the brass lore was here, with the knowledge of handling our peculiar metal and the native ingenuity required to make tools and machinery and devise methods to turn out small parts and articles economically and rapidly. It must be remembered that the strategic basis of our closely interlocked industries is the brass casting shop and the brass rolling mill, usually operating together, and that successful operation of these call for technical knowledge and skill which are not widespread and in this country are generally acquired in this district. The brassware manufacturers tend to group near their source of supply, which is the rolling mill. In 1 904, Connecticut was able to report that more than four-fifths of the brass and copper was rolled within the state and that more than one-half of the brassware was made within her borders. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 185 The great extensions that have been made by the brass companies since 1914 have brought up the question whether there will be business enough to keep them going after the war. Undoubtedly a period of readjustment must come, but for some years after the war there must be a continued demand for replace- ment which has been neglected during the period of hostilities and for the enormous and inevitable work of reconstruction necessitated by war devastation. Many observers foresee five years of active demand for Waterbury's goods and that is as far as foresight will go in most human affairs. By that time, the expansion of the country's business and the great possibilities of permanent export trade may have enabled the peace demand to overtake the facilities created for war purposes. It was stated by John H. Goss in 1916 at a conference between manufacturers and railroad operating officials that the Scovill Manu- facturing Company had not built and would not build any factory construction that it did not expect to occupy permanently after the war. Some large local concerns have already made inquiries as to new methods of marketing and advertising products which can be manufactured in their plants. Such a method of taking up a temporary slack after the war. would be a departure from local practice. The tradition has been that Waterbury's energies are best devoted to improving productive methods, leaving the marketing to others. The city produced goods which were largely materials for other manu- facturers. When the sheets or wire were re-manufactured in Waterbury, it was generally on order. The principal marketing successes were made over outside trademarks. Probably the time has come to enter these wider fields, but it can be pointed out that so far the accustomed policies have served the city very well. The fact that Waterbury contributes to the common stock of goods so many thousands of articles of such varied uses, and so many sizes and shapes, but invariably articles of use rather than luxury, has stabilized the manufacturing business to a degree which might not have been attained if the product had been a comparatively few specialized lines with a varying demand. It is literally true and has been for years that it is almost impossible to make anything from an umbrella to a pair of shoes or a suit of clothes, from a small electric motor to a locomotive or a battleship, from a trunk or handbag to a great office building or hotel, without creating a demand for something made of brass or copper and sending to Waterbury. ^/*\(^ ^^^u^h Waterbury is known as the Brass City" and it has been entitled to this significant name since 1858, when it had twenty-five corporations in that industry. In 1873 there were twenty-seven companies in the brass business, and in 1896 thirty-nine were in the brass or kindred industries. The combinations that have since been made have greatly reduced this number, but vastly increased plants and outputs. For 1900 Waterbury produced 48 per cent of the brass ware of the country; in 1904 the figure was 42.2 per cent; in 1909 it was 21 per cent of all the brass and bronze produced in the country. The census of manufactures for 19 14 makes this figure 20.1 per cent. The census of manufactures for 1914 gives the total of brass, bronze and copper products as $162,199,019, and credits Connecticut with $69,353,103, 42.1 per cent of the United States' total. Of this Connecticut total the Waterbury output is given by the census as $32,624,187, or 20.1 per cent of the United States' total. With this percentage in mind, that Waterbury's output was approximately one-half of the state output, the following figures can be easily reduced to give fairly exact estimates for Waterbury's 1914 record: 186 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The number of establishments in the brass, bronze and copper industries in Connecticut for 1914 were 67 ; the average number of wage earners, 16,781 ; primary horse power, 57,033; capital, $51,886,000; wages, $9,846,000; cost of materials, $53,886,000; value of products, $69,353,103. In 1 91 7 the number of factory employees in the brass industry in Waterbury is approximately 25,000. This is a conservative figure. The wages are nearly $18,000,000, and the value of products for the state will be nearly, if not over, $140,000,000. Manufacturing in Waterbury has taken a remarkable step forward since 191 5, the beginning of the period of large munition orders from abroad. This trade flowed to a greater or less degree into almost every plant in the city. The totals for the last two years, giving value of products and number and wages of employees, would show, judging from the experience of individual plants, much more than double those of 1914, the last Government statistics now available. As an illustration : At that date the number of employes at the Scovill Manu- facturing Company plant was 7,500. Today it is 13,500. Wages have increased on the average. from twenty to thirty per cent, so that it is evident that the figures given here for 1914 must be much more than doubled to get at even a fair estimate for 1917. In the value of output, it is clear that the doubling and even quadrupling of plants, means a tremendous increase over the 1914 figures. While the actual tonnage has more than doubled, its value can only be estimated by taking into consideration also the increase in prices of raw and finished products. Thus on October 28, 1914, both Lake and electrolytic copper were quoted at n.50; spelter at St. Louis was 4.95. On October 26, 1916, both Lake and electrolytic copper were quoted at 28.50, and spelter was at 9.30. Other materials used in the industries in Waterbury had the same phenomenal rise. With this clearly in mind, the census figures form a basis for 19 17 estimates. WAGE EARNERS IN WATERBURY ( CENSUS FIGURES) Number Wages 1899 13,225 $ 6,691,000 1904 15,406 8,016,000 1909 20,170 1 1,244,000 1914 20,189 1 !, 503,000 1917 (est.) 35,ooo 25,000,000 VALUE OF WATERBURy's PRODUCTS (CENSUS FIGURES) Value No. of Plants Capital 1899 $30,330,300 124 $21,967,000 1904 3 2 ,367,359 143 32,950,000 I9°9 50,349, 8l ° 169 44,6"53.ooo 1914 50,659,000 190 50,288,000 The figures given in the census for 1914 on fuel used for power are interesting. Thus Waterbury's industries in 1914 used 76,210 gross tons of anthracite coal, 143,848 net tons of bituminous coal, 3,157 net tons of coke, 84.943 barrels of oil, 28.748,000 cubic feet of gas. A GENERAL REVIEW By specializing and by devoting brains and tenacity to its business, Waterbury has developed the manufacture and multiplied the uses of brass, copper and WATERBURY AND THE NTAUGATUCK VALLEY 187 ( lerman silver until they have created markets that are world-wide. They now practically control these trades in the United States. Waterbury is credited with having a larger number of skilled artisans than any other city of equal size in the world. The products of Waterbury can be found in every quarter of the civilized world. The Ingersoll watch at the Waterbury Clock Company's immense factor)-, long- ago reached the guaranteed output of more than 12,000 daily. The Watcrbury-Ingersoll, made at the Ingersoll plant in Waterbury. has reached nearly 2,000 daily. No city in the world has such ;i reputation for buttons of all kinds. The button industry dates back to 1760, at least, when Joseph Hopkins made them of sterling si her, and to last forever. The products of Waterbury button fac- tories today reach every country on the face of the earth. Waterbury has made lamps and lamp trimmings for nearly fifty years, and for over thirty years this industry has been a great factor in the growth of the city. Every factory in the city, accustomed to lead in the small brass goods, makes some sort of lamp trimming. In addition to the regular lamp burners for house- hold use, there is the lantern, — the original Deitz and its imitations and several others in whole or part, and perhaps as great an industry as any of this character, the mantel gas burners of several varieties. Against all odds the manufacturers have obtained and maintained their royal share of the burner business so sub- stantially begun more than fifty years ago by such men as L. J. Atwood, John C. Booth, Israel Holmes, and others, who were aided materially in their endeavors by the best mechanical skill in New England. One of the greatest of Waterbury's industries is the making of pins of all kinds. Though the city has won signal honors in the ornamental pin, the hat pin and the safety pin, she has by no means stopped in her triumphs at the ordinary brass and iron pin industry. Her pins are used everywhere. Waterbury makes nearly seventy-five per cent of the world's output. CONDITIONS OF EMPLOYMENT The census figures show that the prevailing hours of labor in the brass and bronze business were 54 to 60 hours a week in 1910, the condition obtaining in Waterbury. The average salaries and wages paid here have been shown to be considerably higher than for the average manufacturing industry. Not until the relatively unimportant manufactures of the Mountain States and the far West are reached does a higher wage scale prevail. The higher wages paid in a few large cities to balance higher living expenses, and the competition of new indus- tries, like the automobile manufacture, tend to draw mechanics away from Water- bury, but many of them find conditions outside less to their liking and sooner or later return. And there is a constant gravitation of ambitious youths here to participate in the benefits of learning machine and metal trades in one of the best training schools in the world. Obviously the inflow is greater than the outflow. The better organization of manufacturers' employment offices has been a development of the last few years, and particularly of the busy war period. The opening in 1917 of a manufacturers' employment bureau with offices in Apothe- caries' Hall Building- is a still further refinement of the old haphazard methods of "hiring and firing," and is expected to reduce the waste involved in the frequent turn-over of labor. The State Free Employment Bureau has been in operation sixteen years. During the greater part of that period, the Waterbury office has been extending 188 WATERBURY AXD. THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY its usefulness, which extends only in part to securing employment in factories. In 191 5 situations were secured for 1,568 people; in 1916 work was found for 1,409. Of these 910 were females, 652 males, in 191 5, and in 1916, 842 were females and 567 were males. * SEX OF WAGE EARNERS In manufacturing industries requiring physical strength and a high degree of skill males are the largest proportion of workers, while the proportion of women and children is largest in the industries requiring dexterity rather than strength. There is enough of the lighter forms of employment in Waterbury factories to furnish suitable employment for thousands of women. For all manufacturing industries in the United States in 1910 the proportion of workers was as follows: Males of 16 years or over, 78 per cent; females 16 years or over, 19.5 per cent; children under 16, 2.5 per cent. For Waterbury's 20,170 workers the proportions were: Males, 15,088, or 74.8 per cent ; females, 4,648, or 23 per cent ; children, 434, or 2.2 per cent. The proportion of females was slightly larger and the proportion of children slightly lower than the general manufacturing average. This has been the general condi- tion for many years and still obtained in 1914. The employment of women in the munition trade in Waterbury has grown during the past three years until now it is estimated at as high as 35 or 40 per cent in some establishments. In 1914-15, in addition to the regular munition factories in the state, others which had been working in metal products turned to the manufacture of firearms, ammunition and parts thereof. Apparently scores sprung up over night to enter an industry which seemed to offer the most abundant and quick returns. The swift and nimble fingers and adaptability of women caused them to be employed in great numbers. The high wages offered and the general search for labor led to the diversion of young women from other occupations, particularly domestic service. In much of the work, no special qualifications beyond skill in manipula- tion was required, the skilled men being placed where tools were made and the more delicate mechanism was constructed, the unskilled filling the benches. Hun- dreds of foreign born women who had never been employed in any such labor were soon made passably efficient through instruction. Many other industries lost their workers. It was difficult to obtain women to do work which a few months before they were clamoring to obtain. The State Bureau of Labor in its report for 1916 says of this development : "A visit to the various munition factories shows the responsible positions are filled by women who have been there some time, by newcomers who have superior intelligence, and by those who are being constantly promoted from the lower grades of the work. An unceasing vigilance is exercised over the choice of the proper sort of workers for the task upon which they are to be engaged, as the least mistake in this way would be productive of far-reaching disaster. In the less unskilled and almost perfunctory routine work there are fully fifty-seven varieties of foreigners, nationalities that are not found to any great extent in other industries being represented here: Russniak (Ruthenian), Bohemian, Moravian, Albanian, Finnish, Magyar, Slovak, Bulgarian, Servian, Spanish, Montenegrin, Croatian and Slavonian. The Lithuanians and Roumanians have been present in large numbers for some time." WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 189 I 1 1 I \Y< IB K M EN 'S COMPENSATION LAW On October i, 1913, the compensation commissioners of the state assumed office and put into operation the new workmen's compensation law. The board now comprises: Frederic M. Williams, Fifth District (Waterbury), chairman; George li. Chandler, First District; James J. Donahue, Second District; George E. Beers, Third District ; Edward T. Buckingham, Fourth District. According to the law certain legal compensation is due an injured workman for all loss of time after ten days from date of accident, and for the loss of the use of certain parts of the body, as eye, finger, arm or leg. Accidents which keep an employe from work for one day or more are reported to the compensation commissioner for the district. If the accident is so serious that the waiting period of ten days elapses, the employe is entitled to compensation under the state law, provided the injury has not been due to serious negligence or wilful misconduct. Except in cases of this latter sort, an agreement may then be entered into between the company and the employe, according to pro- visions of the law, without any formal claim being put in. The agreement must be filed with the commissioner. In the failure of such an agreement, the matter is taken up with the commissioner sitting as a court. Sympathy, patience and common sense are requisites in settling satisfactorily the questions that arise out of these compensation cases, and in the larger factories of Waterbury the force in charge of this service is selected and carefully trained. The following figures for the entire state summarize the work of the com- mission from its inception to January 1, 1917: 1914 1915 1916 Accidents reported 18,054 37,070 4 f) >935 Voluntary agreements 3-444 7A4-8 9>75 D Cost to self insurers : For compensation $ 49,685.58 $101,812.10 $ 202,483.48 For medical service 36,866.15 67,899.57 177,328.24 Cost to insurance companies for compen- sation and medical service 396,684.30 605,455.66 939,620.63 Total for compensation and medical service $483,236.03 $775,167.33 $1,319,432.35 The number of voluntary agreements is growing yearly. In most cases this -'Vilifies that the terms of the act were amicably complied with by the parties without delay. Such settlements are usually effected through an "adjuster" or claim agent. In the case of self-insurers this is some official of the company or iv>ponsible employe, and in the case of insurance companies some young attorney o.r other competent person who has worked into the post from a clerical position. If the accident occurs in the plant of a self-insurer it is promptly made known through the first aid department, and when the waiting period has elapsed an agreement on the form provided by the commissioners is put before the employe for execution. If the injured employe is working in the plant of an insured employer, the insurer is notified of the injury on the form provided by the insurer. If the injury is one promising to call for weekly compensation, the adjuster makes due investigation and, if the claim is found valid, it is settled in like manner. In most cases settlement is effected without delay or misunder- >tanding. Sometimes the employe questions the accuracy of the computation of average weekly earnings and asks to have it verified. In other instances the 190 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY employe delays until he can consult some friend. Not infrequently he or his friend consults the commissioner before signing the agreement. As soon as the agreement is executed, it is forwarded to the commissioner for his approval, as it does not become effective until so approved and duly filed with the clerk of the Superior Court for the county. FACTORY CONSTRUCTION FROM JANUARY, I9OO, TO NOVEMBER 3O, 1916 The following record of factory construction in Waterbury is from the records compiled annually since 1900 by the State Bureau of Labor. The record is here classified by concerns, the names of which are given as they existed in the years in which the buildings were constructed. Thus much of the great building work done by the American Brass Company appears largely under the names of its branches. A few of the corporations and firms have changed names and personnel, but the record of construction remains as the best evidence of success and of progress. INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY FACTORY J Total 1907- 8 — 2 buildings $4,250 1909-10 — 2 buildings 2 ,S°° $6,75° PLUME & ATWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY 1907- 8 — i building $16,700 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 21,000 1913-14 — 2 buildings 3, 700 1915-16 — 1 building 30,000 $71,400 SHOE HARDWARE COMPANY 1900 — I building $25,000 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 26,500 1909-TO — 1 building 8,000 i<;ii-I2 — 2 buildings 55,000 $114,500 WATERBURY CASTINGS COMPANY 1 <)07- 8 — 3 buildings $23,000 1915-16 — 1 building 3,ooo $26,000 B. H. FRY & CO. 1904 — 1 building . . $2,000 F. H. KALBFLEISCH & CO. 1904 -i building $15,000 1 005 — 1 building 2,000 1907- 8 — 1 building 5,000 1909-10 — 2 buildings 5,5°° 1913-14 — 1 building 7,S°° 1915-16 — 1 building 9,500 $44,500 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 191 MANUFACTURERS FOUNDRY COMPANY 1904 — 2 buildings $19,500 1906 — 2 buildings 5,ooo 1907- 8 — 4 buildings 26,000 1909-10--1 building 7,S°° 191 1-12 — 1 building 500 1913-14 — 4 buildings 13,000 1915-16 — 1 building 3,000 $74,500 E. J. MANVILLE MACHINE COMPANY 1904 — 5 buildings $62,000 KJ09-10 — 3 buildings 2,500 1913-14 — 1 building 20,000 $84,500 ROWBOTTOM MACHINE COMPANY 1904 — i building $4,500 1906 — 2 buildings 4,200 1911-12 — 1 building 1,500 191 5-16 — 1 building 16,000 $26,200 AMERICAN PIN COMPANY 1901 — i building $25,000 1902 — 1 building 27,000 1903 — 1 building 15,000 1904 — I building 12,000 I 9°5 — l building 21,000 1906 — 2 buildings 62,000 1908 — 1 building 5,000 1909-10 — 2 buildings 1,000 1913-14— 4 buildings 76,500 [915-16 — 1 building 27,000 $271,500 BERBECKER & ROWLAND MFG. COMPANY 1901 — I building $10,000 [905 — 2 buildings 7,000 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 8,500 1909-10 — 2 buildings 18,000 1911-12 — 4 buildings 11,300 1913-14 — 2 buildings 15,000 $69,800 WATERBURY FARREL FOUNDRY & MACHINE COMPANY 190 1 — 1 building $50,000 1902 — 1 building 70,000 1904 — 1 building 8,000 1905 —2 buildings 38.500 192 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 1906 — 2 buildings 20,000 1907- 8 — 1 building 16,000 191 1-12 — 1 building 10,000 1913-14 — 1 building 22,000 1915-16— 3 buildings 105,000 $339,500 WATERBURY BATTERY COMPANY 1904 — i building $5, 500 1909-10 — 1 building 12,500 191 3-14 — 1 building 2,600 $20,600 WATERBURY BRASS COMPANY J 9°3 — 3 buildings $90,000 1904 — 1 building 75,o°° 1905 — 2 buildings 16,800 1907- 8 — 8 buildings 121,500 1909-10 — 3 buildings 5,oco 191 1-12 — 5 buildings 77,000 1913-14 — 2 buildings 4,500 1915-16 — -14 buildings 200,000 $589,800 WATERBURY CUTLERY COMPANY I 9°3 — : building $1,000 WATERBURY MACHINE COMPANY I 9°3 — 2 buildings $7,000 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 7,000 1909-10 — 1 building 15,000 $29,000 AMERICAN MILLS COMPANY 1904 — I building $4,000 1907- 8 — 1 building 500 1909-1O' — 2 buildings 47, 500 $52,000 WATERBURY CLOCK COMPANY 1900 — 3 buildings $41,000 1903 — 1 building 5,820 1904 — 5 buildings 87,500 1906 —2 buildings 4,000 1907- 8 — 1 building 35>o°o 1913-14 — 1 building 55,ooo 191 5- 16 — 1 building 14,000 $242,320 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 193 WATERBURY MFG. CO. 1900 — 2 buildings $3,000 1904 — 1 building 55,ooo ] 9°5 — J building 7,000 1909-10 — 4 buildings 104,000 1915-16 — 7 buildings 393,000 $562,000 BENEDICT & BURNHAM MFG. CO. 1900 — I building $15,000 1902 — 4 buildings 40,000 1904 — 1 building 10,000 1905 — 1 building 2,500 1907- 8 — 1 building 10,000 191 1-12 — 1 building 70,000 1913-14 — 1 building 65,000 1915-16— 21 buildings ■ 5 2 5>°o° $737>50o O'NEIL & WARNER 1900 — 2 buildings $2,000 PLATT BROTHERS & COMPANY 1900 — i building $1,000 I 9°3 — l building 2 5,ooo 1907- 8 — 1 building 1,600 $27,600 STEELE & JOHNSON MFG. COMPANY 1900 — 2 buildings $5,ooo 1907- 8 — 3 buildings 20,200 1909-10 — 1 building 25,000 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 16,500 $66,700 CHASE ROLLING MILL COMPANY 1902 — 2 buildings $42,000 I 9°3 — l building 3,000 1906 — 3 buildings 5, 200 1907- 8 — 9 buildings 46,500 1909-10 — 6 buildings 46,500 1913-14 — 2 buildings 4,500 1915-16 — 21 buildings 750,000 $897,700 WATERVILLE CORPORATION ( CHASE METAL WORKS) 1911-12 — 2 buildings $73,500 1913-T4 — 8 buildings 149,000 $222,500 Vol. 1—13 194 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY NEW ENGLAND WATCH COMPANY 1902 — 3 buildings $8,000 SCOVILL MFG. COMPANY 1901 — 5 buildings $ 128,000 1904 — 1 building 27,000 1905 — 5 buildings 1 19,200 1906 — I building 2,000 1907- 8 — 6 buildings 48,000 1909-10 — 13 buildings 103,550 191 1-12 — 1 building 2,500 191 3-14 — 7 buildings 69,000 1915-16 — 24 buildings 1,025,000 $1,544,250 A. H. WELLS & COMPANY 1904 — I building $8,000 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 7,5°° 1909-10 — 1 building 9,000 1911-12 — 2 buildings 1 1,500 1913-14 — 1 building 1,700 1915-16 — 2 buildings 35,ooo $72,700 THE BRISTOL COMPANY 1905 — I building $10,000 1907- 8 — 1 building 30,000 1909-10 — 1 building 18,500 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 5,300 1913-14 — 1 building 31,000 191 5-16 — 1 building : 50,000 $144,800 HOLMES, BOOTH & HAYDENS COMPANY x 9°5 — l building $6,000 MATTATUCK MFG. COMPANY IQ0 5 — I building $ 500 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 7,75° 1909-10 — 4 buildings 2,500 1911-12 — 1 building 1,500 1913-14— I building 2,500 $14,750 RANDOLPH & CLOWES COMPANY 1905 — i building $4,500 1906 — 2 buildings 7,7O0 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 20,000 1909-10 — 1 building 2,000 $34,200 WAXKKliKRY AND XI IK XAl'CAXUCK VALLEY 195 J. E. SMITH & CO. I 9°5 — : building $20,000 WATKRIU'RV BUTTON COMPANY 1 9°5 — 2 buildings $15,500 1906 — 1 building 3,ooo 1909-10 — 1 building 18,000 1915-16 — I building 60,000 $96,500 WATERBURY CRUCIBLE COMPANY 1905 — I building $6,000 WATERBURY PAPER BOX MFG. COMPANY 1905 — I building $28,000 1913-14 — 1 building 10,500 $38,500 HEMINWAY & BARLETT SILK COMPANY M. HEMINWAY & SONS SILK COMPANY I 9°5 — 2 buildings $7,000 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 8,500 1 91 3- 14 — 4 buildings 74,ooo 191 5-16 — 1 building 5,000 $94,500 THE OAKVILLE COMPANY 1905 — 2 buildings $20,200 1907- 8 — 2 buildings 40,000 1909-10 — 1 building 50,000 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 4,S°° % l i-4>70° AMERICAN RING COMPANY 1906 — I building $17,500 1909-10 — 1 building 750 $18,250 FRENCH MFG. COMPANY 1906 — 2 buildings $5,ooo 1907- 8 — 1 building 800 1909-10 — 1 building 6,000 1911-12 — 2 buildings 8,500 1913-14 — 2 buildings 31,000 $51,300 THOMAS F. JACKSON 1906 — i building $15,000 196 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY ROGERS & BROS. 1906 — i building $4,000 SMITH & GRIGGS COMPANY 1906 — 2 buildings $10,000 WATERBURY MACHINE COMPANY 1907- 8 — 2 buildings $7,000 1909-10 — 1 building 15,000 $22,000 WATERBURY ROLLING MILLS COMPANY 1907- 8 — 4 buildings $20,000 1909-10 — 3 buildings 22,500 1915-16 — 2 buildings 20,000 $62,500 BAIRD MACHINE COMPANY 1907- 8 — 1 building $4,500 AMERICAN FASTENER COMPANY 1915-16— I building $8,500 EASTERN BRASS & INGOT COMPANY 1915-16 — I building $60,000 PILLING BRASS COMPANY 1913-14 — I building $7,000 1915-16— 1 building 7,957 $14,957 WATERBURY BRASS GOODS CORPORATION 1909- to — 3 buildings $5, 500 191 1-12 — 2 buildings 12,500 $18,000 GEORGE HARTLEY 1915-16 — i building $2,000 NOERA MFG. COMPANY T9T1-T2 — 1 building $2,500 1915-16 — 1 building 4,000 $6,500 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 197 STANDARD ENGINEERING COMPANY 1915-16 — i building $7,500 WATERBURY BRASS & BRONZE COMPANY 1915-16 — I building $10,000 WATERBURY TOOL COMPANY 1915-16 — i building $56,000 METAL SPECIALTY MFG. COMPANY 191 5-16 — 1 building $25,000 NATIONAL COMPANY 1913-14 — 1 building $8,500 1915-16 — 2 buildings 30,000 $38,500 ANDREW C. CAMPBELL, INC. 1913-14 — 1 building $16,000 1915-16 — 1 building 8,000 $24,003 BLAKE & JOHNSON COMPANY 1909-10 — 2 buildings $150,000 1913-14 — 1 building 4,500 1915-16 — 1 building 5,ooo $159,500 AMERICAN BRASS COMPANY 1913-14— 5 buildings $i55.o°o GENERAL MFG. COMPANY 191 1-12 — 1 building $ 750 1913-14 — I building 8,000 $8,750 WATERBURY BUCKLE COMPANY 1913-14 — 1 building $28,000 WEBSTER & BRIGGMAN 191 3-14 — i building $5,ooo 198 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY JAMES F. GAFFNEY 1909-10 — I building $8,000 MATTHEWS & WILLARD MFG. COMPANY 1909-10 — i building $500 GEORGE PANNETON 1909-10 — i building $10,000 G. G. RIGGS 1909-10 — 1 building $13,500 WATERBURY LUMBER & COAL COMPANY 1909 — 1 building $15,000 ROBERT WILMOT 1911-12 — 1 building $1,500 WATERBURY FOUNDRY COMPANY 1911-12 — 1 building $700 WATERBURY WELDING COMPANY 1911-12 — i building $800 CHAPTER XVI THE LARGER BRASS COMPANIES THE CHARTER OF 1893 NEW CONSOLIDATION PERFECTED ITS FIRST BOARD OF DIRECTORS CHANGES TO AN OPERATING COMPANY PURCHASES THE BUFFALO PLANT ITS BUILDINGS IN WATERBURY, TORRINGTON, ANSONIA, KENOSHA AND BUFFALO NEW CONSTRUCTION EARNINGS OF THE COMPANY ITS BALANCE SHEET FOR 1916 THE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU ITS HOUSING PLANS TESTI- MONIAL TO ITS PRESIDENT, CHARLES F. BROOKER SKETCH OF HIS CAREER THE SCOVILL COMPANY ITS PHYSICAL GROWTH ITS NEW BUILDINGS ENORMOUS EARNINGS OFFICERS OF THE PAST QUARTER CENTURY EMPLOYMENT BUREAU ITS HOSPITALS. After 1870 the organization of existing corporations in the brass industry into one or possibly two combinations was a source of constant and most careful con- sideration. Pools to regulate and apportion production were formed from time to time but broke up regularly. So in 1891 and in 1892 the heads of several of the largest concerns doing business in the Naugatuck Valley met and discussed values, economies, and finally agreed upon a tentative plan of combining interests. On Tune 7, 1893, a special charter was obtained for a combination of the Coe Brass Manufacturing Company, of Torrington, the Scovill Manufacturing Com- pany, the Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company, the Waterbury Brass Company, Holmes, Booth & Haydens and the Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Company. This included, therefore, all of the Waterbury rolling mills except Randolph & Clowes, and excluded in Ansonia the Ansonia Brass & Copper Com- pany. The steps in this proposed consolidation were by no means harmonious and the Scovill Manufacturing Co. elected to preserve its identity. It was not until December 14, 1899, that the American Brass Company was formed by the Coe Brass Company, the Waterbury Brass Company, and the An- sonia Brass & Copper Company. This had been preceded in 1896 by the transfer of the Wallace plant in Ansonia to the Coe Brass Company. It will be seen that the earlier tentative combination had been given up, the differences in views and to some extent in physical interests, being practically irreconcilable. Its first officers were: Charles F. Brooker, president; A. A. Cowles, first vice- president; James S. Elton, second vice president; John P. Elton, secretary and treasurer. Its capital was $10,000,000. The first board of directors was as follows: Charles F. Brooker, Ansonia; Alfred A. Cowles, New York; James S. Elton, Waterbury; D. Willis James, New York; Chandler X. Wayland, New York; Elisha Turner, Torrington; William E. Dodge. New York ; James A. Doughty, Torrington; John P. Elton, Waterbury. In 1901 the stockholders of the Holmes Booth & Haydens Company changed their holdings at 25 per cent premium for stock of the American Brass Company, the American Brass Company thus becoming the owner of the Holmes Booth & Haydens Company. 199 200 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY On November i, 1905, the entire property of the Holmes Booth & Hay dens Company of whatever nature was sold to the Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Company for 10,000 shares, par value $25 each of Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Company stock at a ratio of five to one, or $1,250,000. The Holmes Booth & Haydens office was then given up. In 1904 the officers of the Holmes Booth & Haydens Company were: T. B. Kent, president and treasurer; E. L. Frisbie, Jr., vice president; A. M. Dickinson, assistant treasurer; G. H. Benham, secretary. The officers of the Benedict & Burnham Mfg. Company at the time of the consolidation were : President and treasurer, Edward L. Frisbie, Jr. ; assistant treasurer, G. W. Burnham; secretary, A. M. Dickinson. The officers of the Waterbury Brass Co. at the time of the consolidation were : President, James S. Elton; vice president, Charles F. Brooker; treasurer, John P. Elton; secretary, G. C. Hill. In 1909 Wm. G. Lathrop in his valuable book, "The Brass Industry," said of the new company: "The American Brass Company is today the largest and most important brass making and handling company in the world. It makes more than two-thirds of all the brass used in the United States, besides which it handles much copper and various alloys, such as German silver and many mixtures, the composition of which is regarded as a trade secret. It uses approximately one- third of all the copper consumed in the United States, and is the largest single user of copper in the world. About one-half of its output proceeds from Ansonia, one-third from Waterbury, and the remainder from Torrington. With the excep- tion of a few specialties which it controls by patent or otherwise, it has abandoned manufacturing. The tendency is towards specialization of output, each plant being used more largely for such product as it can most advantageously produce." On January 1, 1912, the American Brass Company became an operating com- pany, instead of a holding company. Its subsidiaries of the period, the Ansonia Brass & Copper Company, the Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Co., and the Waterbury Brass Company, became branches known by the name of the old cor- poration. Each branch from this time on had its own accounts, but checks were drawn to and by the American Brass Company. Besides the corporations that were thus extinguished, the American Brass Company controlled the Chicago Brass Company, of Kenosha, Wis., the Waterbury Brass Goods Corporation, and the Ansonia Land & Water Power Company. Under the new order of things, these became the property of the American Brass Company through stock ownership. The new company was now the strongest single factor in the brass industry in America and further strengthened itself by the purchase of the Chicago Brass Company. This left the following big firms in this vicinity outside the combination : The Chase Rolling Mill (then being organized), the Scovill Manufacturing Com- pany, the Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Company, the Randolph & Clowes Company, the Bridgeport Brass Company, the Bristol Company and the Seymour Manufacturing Company. The company had first been capitalized at $10,000,000, but this was twice increased before January 1, 191 2, by $2,500,000, so that the capitalization at that time was $15,000,000. Under the new arrangement the officers remained as follows : President, Charles F. Brooker; vice presidents, Edward L. Frisbie, Jr., A. A. Cowles, James S. Elton ; treasurer, John P. Elton ; secretary, Gordon W. Burnham. The other directors were : Thomas B. Kent, J. E. Wayland, E. Holbrook, Arthur C. James, WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 201 John J. Sinclair, Cleveland H. Lodge, James A. Doughty, Adelbert P. lline, T. Brownell Burnham. In June, 1917, announcement was made by William A. Morgan, president and general manager of the Buffalo Copper and Brass Rolling Mills, of Buffalo, N. Y., of the sale of the company's properties to the American Brass Company. At a meeting held July 6, 1917, this sale was officially ratified. The price paid was several millions. The plant is one of the largest in the country, employing over five thousand men. In 1912 the general equipments of the company, which have been so vastly extended in the past three years, were about as follows: In Ansonia: Casting shop, rolling mill, copper rolling mill, rod mill, bar and bolt mill, copper mill, wire rod mill, refining mill, coarse wire mill, cable screw building, wire-covering mill. The Benedict & Burnham plant had a casting shop, tube-casting shop, sheet metal mill, brass wire mill, brass rod mill, seamless tube mill, brazed tube mill, rule mill, blanking mill, copper wire mill, copper rod mill, insulated wire mill, fastener building. At the Chicago Brass Company in Kenosha it had a casting shop, sheet metal mill, seamless tube mill, brazed tube mill, press room. At the Coe Brass Mfg. Company, Torrington, it had a casting shop, sheet metal mill, brass wire mill, brass rod mill, seamless tube mill, brazed tube mill, press room. At the Coe plant in Ansonia it had a casting plant, sheet metal mill, drawn copper mill. East rod mill, West rod mill, coarse wire mill, fine wire mill, rivet and bur extension plant, Rockwell furnace plant, diamond die building and machine shop. At the Waterbury Brass Company plant there were a casting shop, sheet brass mill, brass wire mill, brass rod mill, manufacturing department and two additional structures. In all there were seventy mills. At Torrington among the new structures built since 1914 are a rod mill, metal storage building and a power plant. At the Waterbury Brass Branch a machine shop, in addition to the wire mill, a power plant, an addition to the casting shop, an addition to the rolling mill and a metal storage building have been put up since 19 14. At the Benedict & Burnham branch construction since 1914 was as follows : Seamless tube mill, manufacturing packing and shipping building, carpenter shop, an addition to the rolling mill. In addition a general office building and a general machine shop have been built in Waterbury. At Ansonia, the construction since 1914 was as follows: A forging shop, an addition to the extrusion department, an addition to the wire mill, a shipping and manufacturing building, a casting shop. The old rolling mill was rebuilt and an addition to the metal storage building, and power plant, were put up at Ansonia. In Kenosha, Wis., the company built an office building, a casting shop, a metal storage building, a lumber storage building, an addition to the power plant and addition to nearly all the other mills. Some conception may be obtained of the amount invested in new buildings and plants in recent years from the figures of the annual reports. In 1910 and hut. the company deducted $500,000 for depreciation for each of these years. In 19 10 the value of the real estate, machinery, buildings, and actual physical holdings, outside of merchandise, amounted to $9,203,298. In 191 1 , with the large depreciation against it, this value was placed at $9,057,723. 202 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In 1912, with the usual charge for depreciation, the physical properties were valued at $11,322,162. The figures given in the annual report supplement this figure with the following: "Expended for permanent improvements, $760,926; less charged off for depreciation, total $11,533,088." In 1914 the real estate, machinery, etc., had grown in value to $12,858,197. In 191 5 this was placed at $13,545,669, and in 1916 at $13,640,869. Allowing for the heavy depreciation it will be noted that extensions and betterments each year for the past five years have gone well over a million annually. In 1917 the Buffalo plant was added, and this will, of course, appear in added valuation in the next annual report. In the matter of earnings, the annual reports as printed in the Financial and Commercial Chronicle are enlightening on the progressiveness of the men back of this great industry. In 1910 the earnings were $1,887,006; in 1911 these were $1,445,543; in 1912, they were $2,274,338; in 1913, they were $1,917,605; in 1914, $1,450,347; in 1915, $6,128,453; in 1916, $10,991,670. The dividends paid were in 1910, $1,069,- 860, 7 per cent; in 1911, $932,000, 6 per cent; in 1912, $1,050,000, 7 per cent; in t 9 1 3 , $1,050,000, 7 per cent; in 1914, $900,000, 6 per cent; in 1915, $1,950,000, 13 per cent; and in 1916, $3,750,000, 25 per cent. On Jan. 25, 1917, the American Brass Company declared an extra dividend of 11 per cent and the usual quarterly payment of 1^2 per cent on its stock. Similar dividends were declared quarterly until October, when the total dividend was reduced to 6 per cent quarterly to conserve the company's cash in view of the heavy war taxes impending. The balance sheet for 1914, 1915 and 1916 follows: ASSETS 1914 Real Estate, Machinery, etc $12,858,197 Cash 2,017,501 Bills and Accts. Rec 3,336,518 Woodlands 138,81 1 Stocks and Bonds Owned 1,644,250 Patents 1 ,000 Merchandise 6,624,905 $26,621,182 1915 $i3,545,o69 2,662,776 6,126,557 l 57,7 11 1,311,116 1,000 7,987,052 1916 $13,640,867 6,213,914 9,423,610 184,638 L343-0 21 1,000 10,118,515 $31,791,281 $40,925,568 LIABILITIES 1914 I915 I916 Capital Stock $15,000,000 $15,000,000 $15,000,000 Current Accounts Payable 2,021,631 2,013,276 : ,9°5,893 Reserved for Contingencies 1,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 Surplus 7,149,204 6,649,551 9,028,005 Net Earnings for Year 1,450,347 6,128,454 10,991,670 $26,621,182 $31,791,281 $40,925,568 The Iron Age, in commenting on the report for 191 5, said: "The net divisible profits for 191 5 represent an increase of 322 per cent over 1914. The best pre- vious year was 191 2, when the profits amounted to $2,274,738." WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 203 The American Brass Company has not confined its work to mere money mak- ing. Its "housing" work is fully covered in the chapter on that subject. On June 20, 1914, Miss Xina Keir. a "welfare secretary," was added to the staff of the American Brass Company. This official was placed in charge of the com- pany's emergency or first aid hospital located at 721 Hank Street, the former Holmes, Booth & llaydens plant. At this hospital there are four nurses and attendants. Miss Keir also has charge of similar hospitals at the company's Torrington and Ansonia plants. The hospitals are solely for emergency work and are not in any way designed to take the place of physicians. At these hospitals one of the most important duties is the care of cases of "spelter shake" or "brass founder's ague." This is caused by the inhalation of metal fumes, and as a rule attacks a newcomer in the mills after the first few days of work. It has all the symptoms of ague and cramps. It is never fatal, and is temporarily cured by the use of Jamaica ginger. The effort of the company, how- ever, is now entirely devoted to prevention of the disease by improvements in metal working methods. In 1913 the Connecticut Legislature passed an act com- pelling physicians to report immediately attacks of all kinds of occupational dis- eases, including this. In December, 191 3. the new office building of the American Brass Company, opposite the Union Station, was opened. The main entrance has a handsome set of brass and glass doors, the brass being an exemplary work of the artistic side of brass manufacture. A marble stairway leads to the long entresol or lobby, which extends nearly the full length of the building. The executive offices and private offices of the company officials are on the first floor. The general offices and tele- phone exchange are en the second floor. The exchange connects 1,600 telephones in the various plants of the company throughout the state, and is one of the largest private exchanges in Connecticut. There are five drafting rooms, a library, and eighteen office rooms for employes on the third floor. The basement contains a garage, a large storage room, and an excellent heating plant. At the annual meeting of the American Brass Company Feb. 6, 1917, the resig- nation of George E. Cole, as assistant treasurer and auditor was reluctantly accepted. He had been with the Coe Company at Torrington and with the Ameri- can Brass Company for twenty-five years. At this meeting in February, 191 7, the following vice presidents were placed in charge of the various companies : F. L. Bramer, Coe Brass branch, Torrington ; H. M. Steele, Waterbury Brass branch ; A. M. Dickinson, Benedict & Burnham branch; Wm. A. Cowles, Ansonia branches; Arthur S. Brown, Ansonia branches; George H. Allen, Kenosha (Wis.) branch; F. M. Wills, Buffalo branch. The officers of the company are as follows: President, Charles F. Brooker; vice presidents, Edward L. Frisbie, John P. Elton, Thomas B. Kent and John A. Coe, Jr. ; treasurer, John P. Elton ; assistant treasurer, C. F. Hollister ; secretary, Gordon \V. Burnham; assistant secretary, Franklin E. Weaver. The present directors of the American Brass Company are: Charles F. Brooker, Ansonia; Edward L. Frisbie, James S. Elton, John P. Elton, John A. Coe, Jr., all of Waterbury ; Arthur C. James, Gordon W. Burnham, Edward Holbrook, Cleveland H. Dodge, Thomas B. Kent, John E. Wayland, all of New York; James A. Doughty, of Torrington; T. Brownell Burnham of Sussex, England. In its dealings with its 15,000 employes, the American Brass Company has been exceptionally fortunate. During these crucial years it has had but one 204 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY serious interference with business. This was on Feb. 17, 191 6, when the Ansonia employes struck. On Feb. 20 the strike was settled at a slight increase over the original offer of the company. It increased wages 15 per cent, allowed time and a half for overtime, and a half holiday Saturday with full pay. On Sept. 10, 1915, there was also a voluntary increase by the company of 10 per cent in wages. In April, 19 14, the Copper Producers' Association of America celebrated by a banquet at Sherry's in New York the fiftieth anniversary of Charles F. Brooker's connection with the brass business of this country. Tbe leading men in the industry were present at this testimonial and the tributes that were paid this pioneer of the brass industry were many and deserved. Charles Frederick Brooker, the president of the American Brass Company, was born March 4, 1847, in Litchfield, Conn. His family has its American origin in Guilford, where John Brooker, an Englishman, located in 1695. Two gen- erations later Abraham Brooker, Jr., his father, removed to Wolcottville, now Torrington. At the age of seventeen he became bookkeeper for the Coe Brass Company, of Torrington, becoming secretary in 1870. On the death of Lyman W. Coe, his uncle, in 1893, Mr. Brooker succeeded him as president of the Coe Brass Company of Torrington. When the American Brass Company was formed, he was elected its first presi- dent. Both in Torrington and Ansonia he held many important positions on the directorates of many banking, water, and manufacturing companies. He was for years a director of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Company. In New York City he is a member of the Union League Club, the New England Society of New York, the New York Chamber of Commerce, the New York Yacht Club, the Engineer's Club, the Lawyers' Club and the Transportation Club. He was a member of the Connecticut Assembly in 1875 and of the State Senate, in 1893. He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee for years, also a member of the National Republican Committee. Mr. Brooker, since his marriage to Mrs. Julia E. Clark Farrell in London some years ago, has made his residence in Ansonia. In 191 1 the Government proceeded against the individual directors, who had formed what was termed the copper wire pool. This had been dissolved several years before, in fact as soon as it was found that it was in contravention of the Sherman anti-trust law. Pleas of nolo contendere were entered and a fine of $1,100 was assessed against each of the offending directors Aug. 4, 191 1. THE SCOVILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Scovill Manufacturing Company of Waterbury is today the largest single brass-making and brass-fabricating plant in the United States, and if not the largest in the world at least well at the top in that class. It employed in Decem- ber, 1917, between 13,000 and 14,000 hands. Its employment record speaks elo- quently of its remarkable growth: Years Number of Employes 1850 190 i860 193 1870 538 1880 399 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 205 Years Number of Employes [890 1,200 1900 2,000 1910 4,000 i9 J 4 7-500 I9 1 / I3-50O As -a corporation it began business in 1850 with a plant which had 80 horse- power. This in 1893 had grown to 1,400 horsepower, and in 1902 to 2,250. Today one new power house, that constructed in 19 16, the first of several pro- posed units, has a capacity of 8,000 kilowatts. Its water, steam and electric power is so enormous today that it literally drives miles of machinery. In 1902 when it celebrated the 100th anniversary of its existence as a going business — it was not incorporated as the Scovill Manufacturing Company until 1850 — its plant, then already great, was confined aside from its North Elm and Maple Street buildings well within the area bounded by Baldwin, Mill, East Main, Hamilton Avenue and Bridge streets. Within these limits it actually util- ized less than half the ground, the earliest constructed buildings being those along the Mad River. Today it extends from the junction of Mill and East Main streets to the point where the Mad River strikes Silver Street, a length of over 4,800 feet. Over this stretch of nearly a mile and in the territory lying between Bridge Street and Hamilton Avenue and East Main Street it has erected more than three hun- dred buildings, including its extensions and its rebuilt structures. Erom 1850 to 1902, a period of fifty-two years, the Scovill Manufacturing Company paid cash dividends amounting to $3,613,986.15, and in stock dividends, $1,980,281.25, a total of $5,594,267.40, for this period of over half a century. In 1916 with a capitalization of $5,000,000, the Scovill Manufacturing Com- pany paid dividends amounting to $11 1 a share, the total payments being almost as great as in its first fifty-two years. Its net earnings for 1916 amounted to $13,403,462, equal to $268 a share on outstanding stock. Besides accumulating this extraordinary profit, the company spent out of earnings $3,654,368 for plant additions and charged off approximately $2,000,000 for depreciation. A special reserve of $2,200,000 was set up for federal, state and city taxes, and the general reserve for contingencies and improvements was increased to more than $1,500,- 000. The surplus account from $3,063,845 in 19 14 had been expanded to nearly $i6,oco.coo in 1916. A minute history of this company would be a history of the rise and progress of brass manufacture, the German silver manufacture, the daguerreotype, ambro- type, and photographic business, the munition making business, and of all the ramifications of these industries since they began to exist in the United States. A brief account of this earlier history is essential to ascertain the lines on which the corporation was established. The business which afterwards became the Scovill Manufacturing Company began in 1802 when the firm of Abel Porter & Co., undertook the manufacture of gilt buttons. The firm was composed of Abel Porter, Daniel Clark, Silas Grilley and Levi G. Porter, all of Waterbury. In August, 1809, Silas Grilley sold out to his partners and September 19, 181 1, the whole business passed into the hands of Dr. Frederick Leavenworth, David Hayden and James M. L. Scovill, and the firm name became Leavenworth, Hayden & Scovill. On April 4, 1827, Leaven- worth and Hayden sold their interest and William H. Scovill purchased a half interest in the business for which he paid about ten thousand dollars. The firm became T. M. L. & W. H. Scovill. 206 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Within the next ten years several subsidiary organizations were established in which the parent firm became a partner with others. Among these was the firm of Scovills & Buckingham, consisting of J. M. L. and W. H. Scovill and John Buckingham, their brother-in-law, which was established in Oakville for the manufacture of brass butts, snuffer trays, belt ornaments and other small brass goods; also the firm of W. R. Hitchcock & Co., with W. R. Hitchcock and Joseph C. Welton as partners, which undertook the manufacture of cloth buttons in a building on the west side of Union Square. Later Welton sold out and the firm became a corporation under the same name. About 1850 this business was removed to a factory on North Main Street, which had been built for the fork and spoon business, where the Waterbury Manufacturing Company now is About 1839 came the firm of Scovills & Co., with Scovill M. Buckingham and Abram Ives as partners, for the prosecution of the gilt button business. The energies of the parent concern were at this time directed more towards sheet brass. Abram Ives sold out his interest and withdrew after two or three years. In 1850 all of these interests except that of W. R. Hitchcock & Co. were con- solidated into one joint stock company under the name of The Scovill Manufac- turing Company, with a capital of $200,000, the stock being taken by the Messrs. Scovill and their partners and a few others who had long been in their employ or were otherwise connected. In 1852 the capital was increased to $250,000, in 1854 to $300,000, in 1865 to $350,000, in 1882 to $400,000, in 1898 to $1,600,000, and in 1900 to $2,500,000, in 1904 to $3,250,000, in 1907 to $4,000,000, and in 191 3 to $5,000,000. It still remains at that figure. In 1 88 1 a special charter was granted to the Company under the same name by the Legislature. Leavenworth, Hayden & Scovill dated their real beginning of success from 1820, when Mr. James Croft, an Englishman, entered their employ. After remaining with them one year he was secured by Mr. Benedict and in 1829 he became one of the partners of the firm of Benedict & Co., then organized. It was largely due to the advice and encouragement of Mr. Croft that the venture was continued. Trained in the art of making gilt buttons in Birmingham, England, he was the first workman of technical skill whose name appears in connection with the infant industry. His knowledge of the needs of the business here, and as well of conditions in Birmingham, England, led Mr. Benedict to send him seven times to England for tools and workmen. It was Mr. Croft who secured for his employer the machinery which enabled him to compete successfully with the older firm, Leavenworth, Hayden & Scovill. In 1834 it was the Scovill Company which challenged the exclusive right of the United States Government to issue coins. During the next seven years many tokens were issued by them of nearly two hundred different designs. The most of these were stamped from sheet copper, although a few were alloyed with tin. These passed as current coin, even after their manufacture ceased. In 1842 the issue was enjoined by the Government. After 1866 the Scovill Company furnished the United States mint with blanks for the three cent nickel and after 1890 with blanks for the one cent bronze and five cent nickel coins. Many coins, both blanks and fully stamped, have been issued by the Scovills and by others for many South American states. The most notable achievement in the history of the country in the line of medal making was the full set of medals — 23,757 m number — furnished by the Scovill Manufacturing Company for the Columbian Exposition of 1893. These were particularly rich and full in design, and special machinery and processes were devised for their manufacture. OFFICE OF SCOVILL MANUFACTURING COMPANY, WATERBURY PLUME & ATWOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY. WATER P.URY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 207 In n)02, on the occasion of the one hundredth anniversary of the Scovill Manufacturing Company, a bronze medal, 3 inches in diameter, was struck to commemorate the occasion. This had on its face outline portraits of the original founders of the business, J. M. L. and \Y. Jl. Scovill, and on the obverse side, the dates 1802-1902 and the commemorative statement. It was classed with the best medal work that has been turned out in the country. In 1914, at the outbreak of the war, the Scovill Manufacturing Company was among the first to tender its services for munition-making. With the plant splendidly equipped for this work, and land and other resources at hand for immediate extension, agents for foreign governments were not slow to take advantage of this offer. The contracts for the making of time fuses were not alone speedily closed, but all the skill and ingenuity of the best workmen in the country were applied to the great task. The Scovill Manufacturing Company made the first and best deliveries and its orders were greatly increased. Huge orders for shrapnel shell cases were taken. These were shipped to inspection points where thirty shells out of every 4,000 are tested. Those which stand the test are then sent to the Bethlehem Steel Works and other similar plants for final assembling and disposal. There have been but few rejections. In 1917 Government orders along the same lines were received. The physical growth of the plant may be roughly divided into three periods. The first period is that extending to 1900, during which time the total expended for buildings and machinery amounted to $1,411,865. This expenditure is tabu- lated as follows by the company: 1865 to 1870 $134,446 1870 to 1875 80,479 1875 to 1880 3 6 ,37 8 1880 to 1885 351,658 1885 to 1890 181,927 1890 to 1895 239,283 1895 to 1900 387,694 Since 1902 the greater part of the plant has been constructed, but the third period beginning with 19 14 has been by far the most extensive in construction, both in extensions and new buildings. The expenditures for additions to land, build- ings and machinery in the war period have been as follows : 1914 $ 403.5 2 476 1915 2,336,244.66 1916 3,654.3 8 577 1917 to May 1st 1,158,754.36 Total $7-552.909-55 The following record of buildings erected since 1902 gives a fair conception of the rapidity of the plant's growth : Four-story manufacturing building back of East Main Street with a one-story addition, frontage of 200 feet. Brick construction. Period prior to 1910. One-story brick rolling mill building approximately 100 by 75 feet, centrally located in the older plarit. One-story addition to this approximately the same size. Casting shop, four-story, new style construction. Replaced old building. Con- structed in 191 2. 208 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY One-story reinforced concrete and brick oilhouse. Built in 1916. Extension of power house on canal. One-story, brick. Built in 19 10. Extension of japanning building on Mill Street, built 191 1. Five-story extension to manufacturing building back of East Main Street, brick, mill construction. Erected 1910. Frontage 200 feet. One-story manufacturing building back of .Last Main ; built in 1909. Five-story and basement manufacturing building, mill construction. Built in 1910. Back of Mill Street. Five-story manufacturing building; narrow frontage on Mill Street; length about 250 feet, brick, mill construction. Erected in 1909. Two reinforced concrete hve-story manufacturing buildings with frontage of about 600 feet on East Main Street. Seventy-eight feet deep. Constructed in 1915 and 1916. Two-story brick manufacturing building between Mill and Hayden streets. Erected in 191 5. Hayden Street residence completely remodeled for hospital uses, 1914. One-story temporary structure added to smaller manufacturing building on East Main Street. Two-story box and barrel factory completely rebuilt after the fire. One-story wood salvage plant building, erected in 1912. Ash-reclaiming plant, built in 1913. Incinerating plant built in the East yards in 19 13. Hayden Street building thoroughly remodeled for paint shop. Former garage in the East yards remodeled into tinsmithing plant. Experimental building of brick and steel construction in East yards, built in 19 1 7. Used for research work. Large storehouse 106 by 247 feet, steel frame with wood roof, built in 191 5 with front on East Main Street. Moved in 1916 to Silver Street plant. The first unit of new power houses in Silver Street plant. Has capacity of 8,000 kilowatts. Furnishes electric power only. Erected in 1916. Part of a duplicate unit now under construction. Steel and corrugated iron one-story temporary power and boiler house in Silver Street plant. Four-story, steel frame, brick walls, casting shop 160 by 200 feet. Erected in 1916. This is the building with the twelve smoke stacks and is perhaps one of the largest casting shops in the country. Mill building, 120 by 220 feet, steel frame, brick and glass walls, one story high, erected on Silver near Meriden Road in 191 7. Small casting shop, steel and corrugated iron, 50 by 170, Silver Street plant, erected in 1917. One-story high mill building 310 by 850 feet, steel frame, brick and glass walls, near Hamilton Avenue, started in 191 5; finished in 19 16. Two-section barn, 40 by 200 feet, off Hamilton Avenue. Chemical laboratory, 50 by 212 feet, one story high, reinforced concrete, on Caroline and Ambrose streets. This is one of the most completely equipped labo- ratories in the country. W. B. Price, chief chemist, is in charge. Hot forging plant, one story high, steel frame and corrugated iron, 125 by 284 feet, erected in 1917. There are now under construction : New garage and manufacturing building, reinforced concrete, five stories, East Main between Hamilton Avenue and Ambrose Street, 78 by 218 feet. One- third of a proposed unit. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 209 Extension to the big mill building near I lamilton Avenue, size 200 by 225 feet. One story high, steel, brick and glass construction. Extension to Silver Street plant power house, as already mentioned. One-story, steel frame wood roof temporary extension to storehouse, 106 by 192 feet. New hospital on Hamilton Avenue, west of Building 68. Heavy wood con- struction. One story. Just completed. In addition to this work, two dams have been built, the Mad River dam in 1916 and the Wolcott dam in 19 17. The financial returns from this vast progressive plant have been enormous. On January 25, 19 1 7, the Scovill Manufacturing Company declared an extra dividend of 10 per cent, payable February 1st. This was the tenth monthly divi- dend of 10 per cent to be declared in succession. On January 1st, the extra and the regular quarterly 2 per cent were paid, and a special dividend of 25 per cent in Anglo-French bonds was distributed on January 5th. In 1916, the extra and regular dividends amounted to in per cent. The balance sheets for 191 5 and 1916 follow: 1915 1916 Land, buildings and machinery $ 6,157,547 $ 7,390,950 Cash and certificates of deposit 3,436,212 6,047,763 Bonds 1,409,947 S.SW'SSS Stock in other companies 3,248 56,788 Bills rec, etc 3,004,471 5,671,588 Merchandise 3>5°9>i3 6 5»3 I 4,79° $17,520,561 $28,001,237 Capital stock $ 5,000,000 $ 5,000,000 Surplus 2,163,846 2,588,208 Accounts payable, etc 2,882,353 809 567 Contingencies and improvement reserve 1,500,000 4,000,000 Reserve for taxes 2,200,000 Net earnings for year 5,974,362 13,403,462 $17,520,561 $28,001,237 The housing work done by the Scovill Manufacturing Company, one of its most important methods of helpfulness to its employees, is fully covered under a chapter devoted to that subject. The history of its police and fire departments, which work in conjunction with the city departments, is fully told in the chapters devoted to the city's protection methods. Its hospital work started in January, 191 4, with Miss Nora A. O'Brian, registered nurse, in charge. Miss O'Brian has three graduate nurse assistants and two male nurses. The hospital is open night and day for service, and no matter how slight the injury, it must be reported and looked after by the physician in charge. The main hospital on Hayden Street has an operating room, rest rooms for men and women, an X-ray room, a sterilizing room and a laboratory. The East Hospital contains all of these equipments except laboratory and X-ray room. These hospitals provide for free examination of employees, free treatment in case of accidents and also serve to assist in placing employees at work which cannot aggravate any organic trouble which they may possess. Vol. 1—14 210 WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY In explanation of the work the following written by the capable nurse in charge of the Scovill Manufacturing Company's hospital, Miss Nora O'Brian, in her 1916 report, is enlightening: "During our few years' existence, our experience has taught us that, in the administration of industrial enterprises, few factors are of more importance than medical and surgical supervision; care of the health and sanitary conditions, in the modern industrial concerns, carries with it no light responsibility. Employees are constantly encouraged to seek medical and surgical aid and advice in case of even the most trivial accident or the slightest illness. No physical phase in the life of the employee, or his family, is too large or too small to claim the atten- tion of the company's physicians and surgeons, and a visiting nurse, whose service is gratuitous, is always on call and frequent visits are made to the homes of the employees. During the past year the management is able to report numerous improvements and better general conditions. With the co-operation of the employment office, with the information obtained from our various committees and associations, we are frequently able to place employees having physical disa- bilities to good advantage and applicants for work are not necessarily debarred because of physical disabilities. When we find, through accident or observation, an employee who is not fitted for his work and is undermining his health by performing such work, with the co-operation of the foreman this employee is placed to advantage and kept under observation. "Due to the co-operation of the foreman, by reporting accidents immedi- ately, infection cases are reduced to a minimum and very little time is lost through infection. "Employees suffering from physical disabilities, such as hernia, epilepsy, varicose veins and diseases of the heart and kidneys, must sign instructions not to do any heavy lifting or over-exert themselves and are placed to advantage, also kept continually under observation by reporting to the hospital for peri- odical examination. "The number of accidents for the year 1916 will approximate 16,000; casual- ties (for which the company is not held responsible), 11,287; total number of cases treated by the medical department in all its branches, 27,286 ; total number of surgical dressings, 60,000; as compared with 11,493 accidents, 4,623 casualties, and 16,728 dressings during the previous year. The increase in number of cases is due principally to a much larger number being employed, and also because employees have been encouraged more strongly to report any indisposition to the hospital. "The management has also extended the use of the Scovill Hospital to employees of outside concerns, who may be working on the premises. Due to the extensive additions and alterations of the Scovill plant for the past few years, the number of outside concerns' employees receiving treatment at this hospital has shown a decided increase. During the year 191 4, forty outside employees were treated; 1915, 400; and indications for the present year are that 500 outside employees will probably receive treatment at this hospital." The employment bureau of the Scovill Company, established as a distinct branch of the vast business, was opened in 1914, and is now in charge of Robert E. Piatt, head of the industrial service department. All applicants, both men and women, pass through this department, averaging from 50 to 100 a day. When an employee is first taken on, he is given a set of instructions in the; language he can read best, to which he signs his name. These instructions in effect tell him to "go to the hospital when he is injured or sick." He is given a ticket describing him, his injury, where and when occurred, etc. This, when \\ ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 211 injured, he takes to the hospital at once, where he receives treatment, the ticket being given a serial number and tiled for reference. The employment bureau is closely connected with what is known as the permanent safety advisory committee, a group of representative foremen and superintendents who carry on frequent inspection of dangerous localities and investigate all serious accidents with a view to carrying out such changes as will lessen the chance of a repetition. Furthermore, new buildings and machinery are designed with special reference to safety and health, while all dangerous tools, machines and localities are safeguarded as soon as recommendation is made by this committee. But in the matter of the help they do much to see that in the line of both skilled and unskilled labor, only physically able men and women are taken on. The industrial service department was started in April, 19T7, with Rev. H. D. Gallaudet in charge. He left in May to enter the army service and Robert E. Piatt is now in charge of this work. It is rapidly developing into its proposed line of usefulness, which to begin with will be largely survey work so that special adjustments can be made intelligently. It is proposed to develop this department so that in its sociological work it will help the employees along educational as well as along recreational lines. It is interesting to note here that the service flag of the company, which is now, December, 191 7, in preparation, will have about four hundred stars in it. The Scovill Manufacturing Company has had but little labor trouble. On August 25, 191 5, the company increased wages 15 per cent and granted the Saturday half-holiday with full pay. Since that date it has made further sub- stantial increases with a bonus system which enables the skilled workmen to make excellent wages. The number of women employed changes often. At present, December, 1917, about one-quarter of all employed are women. The officers of the corporation have been as follows : PRESIDENTS J. M. L. Scovill 1850-1857 Scovill M. Buckingham 1857-1861 Samuel W. Hall 1861-1868 Frederick J. Kingsbury 1868-1900 Chauncey P. Goss 1900-1917 VICE PRESIDENTS Frederick J. Kingsbury 1900-191 1 Mark L. Sperry 1911-1917 TREASURERS William H. Scovill 1850-1854 Scovill M. Buckingham 1855-1861 F. J. Kingsbury 1861-1864 Henry Merriman for one month. F. J. Kingsbury 1 864-1865 I '.arrett Ripley 1865-1866 Chauncey P. Goss 1866-1917 212 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY SECRETARIES Scovill M. Buckingham 1850-1858 Edward S. Clark 1858-1862 Frederick J. Kingsbury 1862-1864 Chauncey P. Goss 1864-1869 Mark L. Sperry 1869-1917 ASSISTANT TREASURER Edward O. Goss 1 900-1917 ASSISTANT SECRETARY Theophilus R. Hyde, Jr 1900-1907 C. M. DeMott 1907-1917 DIRECTORS James M. L. Scovill 1850-1857 William H. Scovill 1850-1854 Scovill M. Buckingham 1850-1862 George Mallory 1850-1855 Samuel W. Hill 1850-1877 Mark L. Sperry l &77~ Edward S. Clark 1855-1862 Samuel Holmes 1855-1878 Frederick J. Kingsbury 1858-191 1 Christopher C. Post 1862-1869 Scovill M. Buckingham 1863-1889 Douglass F. Maltby 1866-1867 Thomas L. Scovill 1866-1886 Thomas C. Morton 1867-1876 Douglass F. Maltby 1 869-1898 Chauncey P. Goss l &77~ Washington I. Adams 1878-1896 William E. Curtis 1910- Henry W. Scovill 1889- Guernsey S. Parsons 1890-1897 Joseph T. Whitlesey 1896-1903 Theophilus R. Hyde, Jr 1897-1901 Edward O. Goss 1898- John H. Goss !9°3- C. M. DeMott 1907- The present directors are: C. P. Goss, E. O. Goss, |. H. Goss, Mark L. Sperry, H. W. Scovill, W. E. Curtis, C. M. DeMott. CAPITAL 1850 — January, original $ 200,000 1852 — January, increase 50,000 1854 — January, increase 50,000 1865 — September, increase 50,000 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 213 1882 — August, increase 50,000 1892 — January, increase 1,200,000 1900 — January, increase 900,000 1904 — January, increase 750,000 1907 — January, increase 750,000 1913 — January, increase 1,000,000 $5,000,000 THE MATTHEWS & WILLARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Matthews & Willard plant on North Elm Street is now a branch of the Scovill Manufacturing Company, having been bought out in May, 1903. It was incorporated originally for $250,000 in 1890, and its officers then were: Presi- dent, F. L. Curtis; treasurer, C. P. Goss; secretary and manager, George G. Blakeslee. Its output is along the general lines of brassware made by the Scovill Company. CHAPTER XVII OTHER BRASS AND BRASSWARE COMPANIES THE AMERICAN RING COMPANY RANDOLPH & CLOWES COMPANY THE WATERBURY ROLLING MILLS A. H. WELLS & CO. FRENCH MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE PILLING BRASS COMPANY WATERBURY BRASS GOODS CORPORATION STEELE & JOHNSON THE NATIONAL COMPANY — THE SMITH & GRIGGS MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE SHOE HARDWARE COMPANY PLATT BROTHERS & COMPANY NOVELTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY BERBECKER & ROWLAND MATTATUCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY WATERBURY BUCKLE COMPANY — L. C. WHITE COMPANY NOERA MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE GENERAL MANUFACTUR- ING COMPANY THE AMERICAN FASTENER COMPANY THE SIMONSVILLE MAN- UFACTURING COMPANY THE WATERBURY METAL WARES COMPANY THE SOMERS COMPANY, INC. — THE CONNECTICUT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. The Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Company is one of the larger inde- pendent manufacturing establishments of the country. It was organized in 1869, assuming its present name in 1871. Israel Holmes was its first president and David S. Plume its treasurer. It constructed the older part of its present factory on Bank Street in 1872, also purchasing the brass rolling mill of the Thomas Manufacturing Company at Thomaston. Within the past twenty years the plant at Thomaston has been greatly enlarged and the factory in Waterbury, a very modest structure to begin with, has now a frontage of 679 feet on Bank and 144 feet on Jackson streets. There are in all twelve buildings in the present plant. The Waterbury factory manufactures general brass products which are sold to retailers and jobbers all over the world. The presidents since 1890 have been: Lewis J. Atwood to February 23, 1909; Cbarles H. Tucker, April 19, 1909, to February 8, 1910; Walter S. Atwood, February 8, 1910, to February 14, 191 1; John Booth Burrall, February 4, 191 1, to the present time. The vice presidents of the company have been as follows : Charles H. Tucker, February 11, 1902, to April 19, 1909; Walter S. Atwood from April 19, 1909, to February 8, 1910; Robert C. Swayze, from February 8, 1910, to February, 1916, when he was succeeded by the present vice president, Otis S. Northrop. E. M. Burrall, one of Waterbury 's most enterprising manufacturers, was for fifteen years, until his death in 1901, a director of this company. The present secretary is S. Kellogg Plume, elected February 11, 191 5, suc- ceeding Fred T. Millham. David S. Plume was its treasurer from January 25, 1870, to February 19, 1907. He was succeeded by John Booth Burrall. The present treasurer, John H. Hurlbut, has been in office since February 11, 1914. Its capital is $1,250,000 and it employs about one thousand hands in the plants at Waterbury and Thomaston. The Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Company are manufacturers of brass, copper and German silver in the sheet, wire and rod, copper and brass rivets and burrs, printers' rule strips and galley plates, brass butt hinges, brass and iron 214 WATERBURY AND THE N'AUGATUCK VALLEY 215 jack chain, escutcheon pins, "The Royal Lamp," kerosene oil burners and lamps, lamp trimmings and gas and electric fixture parts. THE AMERICAN RING COMPANY The American Ring Company , now under the control of the Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Company, incorporated in 1852. It started at first on Canal Street in a very small factor}'. Today in its Rank Street factories it employs 500 people. Its capital is $50,000. This is the original amount for which the company had been incorporated and has not been changed. The company manufactures furniture trimmings and bathroom accessories, which are sold to jobbers and retailers. It has a five-story factory and branch offices in New York, Roston, Chicago and San Francisco. The officers in i$()?, were: E. M. Burrall, president; D. S. Plume, treasurer; and David N. Plume, secretary. On the death of D. N. Plume in 1899, F. S. Chesson became secretary. In 1902 Charles H. Tucker was made president, with D. S. Flume treasurer, and F. W. Chesson secretary. In 1906 the officers were : Charles IF Tucker, president; D. S. Plume, treasurer; John M. Burrall, secretary; John R. Rurrall, assistant treasurer. February 11, 1914, John B. Burrall was elected president and treasurer, and John M, Burrall secretary and general manager, which positions they hold in 1917. One of its most successful patents, which is still manufactured in large quantities, is the Washburne fastener, a combination button and spring clasp. It is today a staple in trades and industries requiring fasteners. The great success of this company was due largely to the business acumen and progressiveness of Edward Milton Burrall, its president from 1888 to 1901, the year of his death. He was for years vice president and trustee of the Dime Savings Bank and a director of the Colonial Trust Company. RANDOLPH & CLOWES COMPANY Of the various establishments in the brass industry aside from the Scovill Manufacturing Company, the Chase Companies, and the American Brass Com- pany one of the largest single plants is that of the Randolph & Clowes Company. This firm began business in 1886, purchasing part of the plant of the defunct concern of Brown & Brothers. Edward F. Randolph, of New York, furnished the money and the management was placed in the hands of George H. Clowes. Work was begun in April, 1886, with fifty men and one clerk. At the end of three years, the business had grown to $600,000 a year, largely by reason of the ability and energy of Mr. Clowes. In 1890 Mr. Clowes had developed the business to such an extent that he was prepared for the manufacture of sheet brass and sheet copper and bought the disused rolling mill of the old company for this purpose. The death of Mr. Randolph in 1898 forced a change in the affairs of the company, and long litigation ended in the defeat of Mr. Clowes, Charles Miller and associates taking over the Randolph and controlling interest in the firm of Randolph & Clowes. Mr. Clowes did much to develop Waterbury, not alone along manufacturing lines, but in the way of civic beautification. In a few years he worked marvelous changes at Norwood, the Pines and at Overlook. In 1894 Mr. Clowes was presi- dent of the Board of Trade. He died May 17, 191 2. In August, 1899, Randolph & Clowes was incorporated for $500,000 and its 216 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY first officers were : President, C. P. Goss ; treasurer, Franklin A. Taylor ; secretary Curtis J. Birkenmayer. In 1904 Charles Miller, to whomi the courts awarded a controlling interest, acquired by purchase during the previous few years, was chosen president ; Franklin A. Taylor, vice president and secretary, and Charles E. Hall, treasurer. In 1917 its officers are: Vice president, Ralph H. Smith; secretary, Henry I. Farnum. Its president, Charles Miller, died February 6, 1917, and Mr. Hall died later in the year. Mr. Miller was one of the most prominent business men of Waterbury, having come here in i860 and with Henry H. Peck founded the Miller & Peck Dry Goods Company. In 1899 he retired from this and devoted his time to the devel- opment of the business of Randolph & Clowes. Mr. Miller died at the ripe age of seventy-nine years and five months. The Randolph & Clowes plant today comprises twenty buildings in which about seven hundred men are regularly employed. Fully half of these buildings are of modern factory construction and equipped with one of the finest crane systems in the city. It manufactures seamless drawn brass and copper tubing and shells to 32 inches in diameter ; sheet brass and bronze ; brass and bronze rods ; Muntz metal sheets and rods ; marine bronze sheets and rods ; brazed brass tubing and mould- ing; spun brass kettles and Brown & Brothers seamless copper range boilers. THE WATERBURY ROLLING MILLS The Waterbury Rolling Mills, Inc., was organized in March, 1907. Its capital is $200,000. The first officers of the company were : President, Ambrose H. Wells; secretary and assistant treasurer, Fred B. Beardsley; treasurer, Frank P. Welton. Its officers in 1917 are: Cornelius Tracy, president; Fred B. Beardsley, secretary and treasurer ; R. D. Somers, vice president and assistant treasurer. In 1908 additions of considerable importance were made to the plant. The new factory building put up in that year is of brick and steel construction, one story high, 65 by 150 feet in size, with wing 32 by 40 feet. The casting shop and boiler house are of the same construction, also one story in height. The dimensions are 50 by 64 feet and 34 by 45 feet, respectively, and were put up in 1908. In 1909 the one-story concrete and steel building, 48 by 150 in size, was erected, together with some frame additions. Further additions followed and in 1917 a shipping building, blacksmith shop, and a new garage are under construction. The Waterbury Rolling Mill employs about one hundred and twenty-five hands, and manufactures German silver, bronze, gilding metal, platers, bars, low brass and other special alloys in sheet and rolls. A. H. WELLS & CO. A. H. Wells & Co. began business in 1887. Its incorporation, however, was deferred until 1907, when its capital was fixed at $50,000. In 1916, this was increased to $250,000. Its first president was A. H. Wells, who died February 15, 1910. The company since then has had the following officers: President, S. J. Wells; secretary, C. H. Wells; treasurer, G. H. Wells. \\ ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 217 Its output is confined to small sizes of seamless brass and copper tubing. The plant gives employment to 160 hands. In [905, the new factory building on Watertown Avenue was added to the plant, and from that time on extensions have been made repeatedly with the growth of business. Both brick and concrete and frame additions were put up in 1907, 1908 and 1909, the latter 40 by 100 feet in size. The additions in 191 1 were one-story brick structures, 64 by 107 and 35 by 55. Smaller additions were made in 1914, and in KJ15 and 1916 a 100 by 160 factory was erected. Many improvements have been added in the past two years. The plant is today one of the most complete of its kind in the country. THE FRENCH MANUFACTURING COMPANY The French Manufacturing Company was organized in 1905, with F. W. French as president, L. R. Carter as treasurer, and George L. Jenks as secretary. Its capital was $25,000, increased March 2, 1910, to $50,000, and March 14, 1913, to $100,000. The first factory was built at 128 Robbins Street, and was 40 by 60 feet. Since then additions have been built every two years. The factory is now 260 by 80 feet, and three stories in height. It is of brick and steel construction, with cement floors and roof. The company manufactures seamless brass tubing in small sizes and fine gauges, also seamless brass copper, aluminum and other alloy tubing and various products made from seamless tubes. It also manufactures piano player hardware and copper electrical linings, its product is sold to other manufacturers. Its plant is operated by electric power. It employs 140 hands, of whom 35 per cent are skilled workmen. THE PILLING BRASS COMPANY The Pilling Brass Company was incorporated in April, 1907, with a capital of $25,000, increased July 8, 191 5, to $100,000. Its business from the outset has been that of making thin gauges of brass, copper and German silver. Its first officers were : J. W. Pilling, president and treasurer, and Jacob L. Sweiger, secretary. Mr. Sweiger sold out in 1909 and was succeeded by James H. Pilling as secretary. It has greatly enlarged its plant, building a new addition in 1916. On November 1, 1917, the business was sold to the Connecticut Brass Cor- poration of West Cheshire, Conn., which is now operating the plant under the name of the Connecticut Brass and Manufacturing Corporation. The Con- necticut Brass Corporation was started in 1912 by Michael E. Keeley and sold in 1 91 7 to the Liggett interests, who also owned the Mayo Radiator Company of New Haven, and wanted to secure an assured supply of sheet brass. About five hundred hands are employed in the two plants, and this will be increased soon to 800. The company is planning large extensions. The Connecticut Brass Company supplies all of the metal needed for the manufacturing of the Mayo radiators, and the Cheshire plant furnishes sheets to be further manufactured into small sizes by the Waterbury plant. THE WATERBURY BRASS GOODS CORPORATION The Waterbury Br.iss Goods Corporation was incorporated in July, 1904, and took over remanufacturing departments of American Brass Company subsidiaries. 218 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Its capital is $500,000. Its president is John A. Coe, Jr., its secretary John P. Durfee, its treasurer Gordon W. Burnham. The company is a large manufacturer of brass goods, lamps, kerosene burners, butts, hinges, chains, and brass and bronze castings. It occupied part of the Holmes, Booth & Haydens plant. It erected its first two buildings in its Wash- ington Street plant in 1909, and added two large buildings in 191 1 and 1912. THE STEELE & JOHNSON MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Steele & Johnson Manufacturing Company was incorporated on March 17, 1857, as the Steele & Johnson Button Company. In 1874 the business was removed to its present location on South Main Street and in 1888 the company purchased the property and erected its first structures. In 1894 the officers were : Charles M. Mitchell, president and treasurer, and Benjamin L. Coe, secretary and superintendent. Elisha Steele, the founder of the business, died in June, 1875. Charles F. Mitchell, the present executive, succeeded his father in the position. Benjamin L. Coe still holds his position as secretary. Its capitalization is $150,000. The company manufactures brass goods from sheet wire, rod and tubing, sheets, drawn, stamped and spun ; stamped shells up to 24 inches diameter, nuts, washers, chain, brass and iron chandelier chain, buttons for uniforms, ornaments and novelties, supplies for lighting fixtures, electrical and plumbers' trades, and automatic screw machine products. Since 1900 the company has put up eight factory buildings on its present site. The largest of these buildings, four stories, 42 by 150, was put up in 1909 and 1 9 10. A four-story factory, 40 by 89, was put up in 1907 and 1908, and another of four stories, 33 by 51, was erected in 191 1. OTHER BRASS COMPANIES Newcomers in the field are the Waterbury Brass and Bronze Company, which in 1917 changed its name to the Connecticut Brass Foundry Company. Its business is devoted to brass, bronze and aluminum castings. It was incorporated originally in 1916 for $10,000, with Bernhard L. Coe as president and Henry L. Silver as secretary and treasurer. The Eastern Brass and Ingot Company, of New York, entered the Waterbury field in 1916. While incorporated in New York, it is a Chicago firm, with Howard Baker of Chicago as president. A. C. Duryea, vice president, is in charge of the new plant erected in the fall of 1916 on East Aurora Street. Its business is the conversion of finely-divided metal scrap into solid briquet-ingots. It employs fifty hands. THE NATIONAL COMPANY The National Company, manufacturers of brass, copper, bronze and nickel seamless tubing, has made a record in 191 7, its plant having been increased in the past twelve months from 7,000 square feet in its main buildings to 21,000 square feet. It was incorporated in April, 191 3, with a capital of $250,000. Its officers then were : President and treasurer, M. J. Byrne ; vice president, A. A. Tanner ; secretary, George M. Beach. These are its present officers, with the exception that the vice presidency is now held by Walter N. Lovell. In addition WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 219 to its officers, its directors are B. M. Gardner of Cleveland and Miss Mary C. ( )'Neill of Waterbury. The company employs about one hundred men. Jt is doing some excellent housing work near its plant on Huntingdon Avenue. having in process of construction a 28-room single story dwelling, which is to he for the use of four families. Each seven-room section has a cellar, city water, electric light and every possible convenience. THE SMITH & GRIGGS MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Smith & Griggs Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1869 for S40.000, and this capital was not increased until 1907, when it was fixed at S ;oo,ooo, the amount of its present capitalization. The original partnership was formed in 1864 by John E. Smith and Henry C. Griggs. The company manufactures all kinds of brass and metal goods, buckles, clasps, auto and carriage hardware, etc. In 1894 A. S. Chase was president; E. S. Smith, treasurer; R. H. Smith, secretary. Its officers and directors in 1917 are: Ralph H. Smith, president and treas- urer; J. R. Smith, assistant secretary; directors, Ralph H. Smith, J. R. Smith, H. S^ Chase, I. H. Chase, A. J. Smith, R. F. Griggs, Julius Maltby. Its plant on South Main Street, near Pearl Lake Road, was enlarged in 1906 by the addition of two factories, sizes 43 by 137 and 20 by 30. THE SHOE HARDWARE COMPANY The Shoe Hardware Company of Waterbury was organized with a capital of $25,000 in 1898. This was increased to $400,000 December 20, 1913, and reduced to $100,000 April 19, 1917. It is a subsidiary of the United States Rubber Company and manufactures much of the hardware used by that corpora- tion. Its annual output of buckles runs into many millions. There have been few changes in the personnel of its officials since its organization. In November, 191 7, Henry L. Hotchkiss, of New Haven, who had been president since its organization in 1898, resigned and A. D. Field, of Waterbury, who had been secretarv and treasurer since the company began business, was elected president ; Mr. Hotchkiss becoming vice president and E. W. Rutherford secretary. The company's plant on Brown Street has been greatly extended, additions having been made nearly every year of its existence. In 1900 the central three- storv building, 86 by 97, was erected, and in 1908 the large addition, 66 by 82, and the brick boiler house were added. In 1909 the wing, 73 by 107, was added. In ion and 1912 the five-story brick building, 84 by 99, and the three-story brick- building were added. Henry L. Hotchkiss, who was its president for so many years, has been closely identified with the United States Rubber Company as a director and was on its executive committee for the first seven years of its existence. THE PLATT BROTHERS & COMTAXV Among the long-established manufacturing enterprises of Waterbury is that of the Piatt Brothers & Company, which was incorporated in 1876, but was founded on the first of April, 1847. Even before that date the business had its inception, having been established by Alfred Piatt, grandfather of Lewis A. Piatt, who is now president of the concern. 220 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY It continued the manufacture of buttons until 1910, when that branch of the business was taken over by a newly organized company under the name of the Patent Button Company, capital $48,000, of which Lewis A. Piatt, however, remains the treasurer. The original firm of A. Piatt & Co. was afterward reor- ganized under the name of A. Piatt & Sons and upon the death of the founder of the business it was incorporated in 1876 under the name of The Piatt Brothers & Company. The capital is $30,000. It has not been changed. This company manufactures all kinds of light metal articles, including eyelets, and sells direct to manufacturers. It employs about one hundred operatives in the factory, 50 per cent being skilled labor. After the incorporation of the company, W. S. Piatt was chosen president, with his brother, Clark M. Piatt, as secretary and treasurer. The latter succeeded to the presidency on the death of W. S. Piatt in 1886, while Lewis A. Piatt, son of Clark M. Piatt, became secretary. He continued in that office until chosen to the presidency, which position he still fills. The Piatt Brothers & Company factory was destroyed by fire in 1893, but was rebuilt in 1896 and 1897 and contains about twenty thousand square feet. It uses both water and electric power and the factory is equipped with both individual and group motors. There are five turbine water wheels, furnishing 400 horse power from the river. Clark M. Piatt continued as president to the time of his death in 1900, when Lewis A. Piatt became president, with J. H. Hart as treasurer and Wallace H. Camp as secretary. THE NOVELTY MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Novelty Manufacturing Company was organized in June, 1872, and William Bake was president; Edwin H. Putnam, treasurer; Thomas Fitzsimons, secretary, and John Cushbaum, with the three officers, constituted the board of directors. The business was begun at 125 Maple Street in a small way. In 1886 Mr. Blake died and Mr. Putnam became president. On his death in 1889, Mr. Fitzsimons, who had been treasurer from 1886 to 1889 became president and treasurer, purchasing the Putnam interest, with Mr. William E. Blake as secre- tary. The latter withdrew in February, 1892, and in July Louis E. Fitzsimons became secretary. Thomas Fitzsimons died in 191 1, and Oscar Fitzsimons served as president from 1910 until October, 1912, with Louis E. Fitzsimons as secretary and treasurer. On October 2, 191 2, C. L. Holmes bought out Oscar Fitzsimons and on the 23d of January, 1913, became vice president, with Louis E. Fitzsimons as president and treasurer. O. S. Gage became secretary October 2, 191 2, and the three officers remained in their respective positions until August, 1917, when Louis E. Fitzsimons died. In 1894 the company built a factory, 36 by 88, four stories, of mill con- struction. In 1900 it built a large addition in two parts, four stories. In 1902 it bought more ground, the building on it was remodeled and in 1906 a new building was added. The company now has 50,000 square feet in all. On July 13, 1910, the capital stock was increased from $12,500 to $200,000. The company manufactures metal goods, including bathroom fittings and accessories. It is the largest manufacturer in the United States of pipe ferrules, table cutlery, trimmings, lawn sprays, cabinet hardware, and curtain fasteners for automobiles. It makes all kinds of metal specialties, manufacturing several thousand different lines. It sells to other manufacturers and to the retail trade. It has a tool making department. It employs over two hundred and fifty people. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 221 THE BERBECKER & ROWLAND MANUFACTURING! COMPANY The Berbecker & Rowland Manufacturing Company was organized in 1894, capital $150,000, when Herbert S. Rowland purchased an interest in the Tucker Manufacturing Company, which had been incorporated July 31, 1886. Its capital today is $350,000. The officers in 1895 were: Julius Berbecker, president; C. W. H. Berbecker, secretary, and H. S. Rowland, treasurer. In 1917 the officers are: E. N. Berbecker, president; Herbert S. Rowland, secretary and treasurer; and Robert S. Booth, assistant treasurer. Its capital is unchanged. The growth of the business is indicated by the fact that the plant has doubled its capacity several times by the building of various additions to the factory. Since 1900 it has erected thirteen factory buildings in its twenty acres of ground at Waterville. It now employs 275 people. The company manufactures cabinet, upholstery and drapery hardware, which is sold all over the United States and abroad. Its buildings are nearly all of mill construction. THE MATTATUCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Mattatuck Manufacturing Company was organized October 15, 1896, with Henry L. Wade as president, George E. Judd as treasurer, and George Tucker as secretary. On the death of Mr. Wade, Mr. Judd succeeded him as president, while continuing in the office of treasurer, and Mr. Tucker has been succeeded by William E. Fielding, who is now secretary and general manager. Its capital is $225,000. The factory at No. 1987 East Main Street has a frontage of 200 feet. The property of the company covers several acres of land, with seven model houses for employes. There are two factory buildings, each 150 by 44 feet, four stories high, and of mill construction, with the sprinkler system. The company manufactures brass and wire goods, furniture nails, upholstery nails, spring bed fabrics, screw machine products, handcuffs, wire forms and shapes and novelties. The company employs 500 people, 60 per cent skilled, 15 per cent girls. THE WATERBURY BUCKLE COMPANY The W'aterbury Buckle Company was organized April 7, 1853. Its capital was increased in 19 12 to $400,000. Its present officers are Archer J. Smith, president and treasurer, and Julius Maltby, secretary. The company now has 400 employes, mostly skilled. Its main factory is 600 by 400 feet, the old building three stories high and the new building five stories. The company manufactures all kinds of buckles and brass and steel specialties, selling extensively to other manufacturers. Its early success was due largely to the work of its former president, Earl Smith, who joined the company first as secretary and manager in 1865 and later as president. He died July 22, 1906, having been with the company over thirty years. At his death he was president of the American Mills Company, the Smith & Griggs Company, the Narrow Fabric Company of New Haven, the Waterbury 222 WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY Buckle Company, and a director in the Waterbury National Bank. In 1890 he was one of the committee appointed to revise Waterbury 's charter. He was prominent not alone in industrial lines, but took a deep interest in the civic development of the city. THE L. C. WHITE COMPANY The L. C. White Company was incorporated July, 1888, for $15,000, at which it remains today. In 1893 George L. White became president and served until his death, December 1, 1914. Frank J. Ludington continued as vice president until his death October 11, 1909, when Frederick W. Ludington succeeded him and is still in office. In 1903 George L. White, Jr., became secretary and in 1914 became president and treasurer, with W. H. White as secretary. The company manufactures buttons, upholstering nails and button part nov- elties, and employs 100 people, mostly men. It developed a line of automatic machinery for the manufacture of its product, which is sold all over the United States and abroad to jobbers and manufacturers. THE NOERA MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Noera Manufacturing Company was incorporated in 1905, although it had been in business as the Noera Company for many years. Its president and treasurer is Frank P. Noera, and its secretary is George W. Seeton. The capital is today $75,000, the amount given in the original incorporation papers. The Noera Company employs 275 hands, making all kinds of hardware spe- cialties, bicycle and auto sundries, but particularly oil cans, of which its output is very heavy. Its new factories were erected in 191 1 and 1912 and the larger brick building was put up in 191 5 and 191 6. In 191 7 storage buildings have been added to the plant. THE GENERAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY The General Manufacturing Company was organized in 1909 with a capital of $10,000 and the following officers in charge: President, John Draher; secre- tary, Charles F. Probst ; treasurer, Max Kiessling. In 19 1 5 the capital was increased to $40,000 and Charles H. Swenson suc- ceeded to the position of secretary. In 1917 the officers remain as above, with Miller P. Dayton as vice president. The General Manufacturing Company employs about seventy-five people, and its specialty is the manufacture of rivets, screws, and steel balls. The company began business in 1907, two years before its incorporation, and erected its first buildings on Brown Street in 191 1 and 191 2. Its plant was greatly extended in 191 3 and 191 4. THE AMERICAN FASTENER COMPANY The American Fastener Company was organized in November, 191 5, with a capital of $24,000, and with Charles Josephson, of New York, as president ; John Draher, of the General Manufacturing Company, as treasurer, and Max Kiessling, also of the General Manufacturing Company, as secretary. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 223 This company manufactures press buttons and Mr. Kiessling is the inventor of the machine used in manufacturing them. The concern employs twelve people and Mr. Kiessling has done much toward developing the automatic machines used by this company, as well as those used by the General Company. Its factory was erected in 1915. THE SIMONSVILLE MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Simonsville Manufacturing Company, located on Pearl Lake Road near Tracy Avenue, was incorporated in July, 1916, for $25,000. It has leased its present site and has increased its capacity by adding a 40 by 20 addition to the older 60 by 20 building. Its president is Charles W. Roller; secretary, George Carney; treasurer, Roderick Perrault. The business was begun by these officers in 1915 as a partnership to manufacture Diamond brass paper fasteners. These are much like the old McGill fasteners, except that they have the diamond point. The company also manufactures tools and does much other novelty work. THE WATERBURY METAL WARES COMPANY The Waterbury Metal Wares Company was incorporated October 23, 191 5, for $50,000, and in November opened its factory on Jackson Street for the manu- facture of specialties in brass and other metals, its main output being lighting fixtures. The president of the company is L. W. Andersen; secretary, E. W. Andersen. The position of treasurer is at present vacant. THE SOMERS COMPANY, INC. The Somers Company, Incorporated, was established in 191 5 and incorporated in 191 6 with a capital of $50,000. It manufactures thin gauges of sheet brass in its factory at 94 Baldwin Street. The officers are : Robert D. Somers, president, who is also vice president and general manager of the Waterbury Rolling Mills ; Louis J- Somers, secretary; Joseph E. Somers, treasurer. THE CONNECTICUT MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Connecticut Manufacturing Company was incorporated December 29, 1909, with C. H. Swenson, president and treasurer, and John Swenson as secre- tary. It established a plating plant which was, however, discontinued when Mr. Swenson went with the General Manufacturing Company, of which he is now- one of the principal officials. CHAPTER XVIII CLOCKS, WATCHES, PINS, NEEDLES, HOOKS AND EYES THE WATERBURY CLOCK COMPANY THE BEGINNINGS OF THE "iNGERSOLU" WATCH FROM THE ^JUMBO''' TO THE SMALL "DOLLAR" WATCH MAKING ITS OWN CRYSTALS R. H. INGERSOLL & BROTHER BUY THE NEW ENGLAND WATCH COM- PANY PLANT THE STORY OF THE "LONG WIND" WATERBURY WATCH THE LUX CLOCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY THE AMERICAN PIN COMPANY ITS PLANT ITS NEW BUILDINGS SINCE igOO THE OAKVILLE COMPANY AND ITS EXTEN- SIONS OFFICIALS OF THE BIG PIN COMPANIES. Clock-making on a large scale in Waterbury was formerly a branch of the business of the Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company. On March 2J, 1857, this was made a separate concern under the title of the Waterbury Clock Company, with a capital of $60,000. It grew rapidly and secured larger quarters on North Elm Street in 1873. Arad W. Welton, the first president, was succeeded by Charles Benedict, at whose death in 1881 G. W. Burnham became president. He died in 1885 and Henry L. Wade, who had been secretary from 1871, was elected president, with Irving H. Chase as secretary. Both continued in the business until 19 12, when Mr. Wade died and Mr. Chase became president, with William J. Larkin as secretary. The factory has been vastly enlarged and the number of employes greatly increased. The company manufactures every kind of clock, and in many designs. The output of its glass factory is now 2]A tons of glass per day and this department alone employs 300 people. The total employes in 1887 were 300; in 1917 they are over three thousand. The capacity is now 23,000 timepieces daily. The buildings are all of mill construction. The company manufactures its own electricity and uses electric power group drive for motors. It has established a large experimental department in which men are continuously employed. The company now manufactures about seven hundred different styles of clocks, watches, and special features of timepieces. It has recently erected a new factory, 70 by no feet, six stories and basement, made of reinforced concrete, and equipped with sprinkler system. The work benches of the company, placed end to end, would extend over seven miles. The Ingersoll "dollar" watch has much to do with the great success of the Waterbury Clock Company. In 1899, the officers of the company conceived the idea of putting upon the market a watchcase with a clock movement and small enough to be carried in an overcoat pocket. It was sold for $1.50, was an inch and a half in thickness, and nearly three inches in diameter. It wound up like an alarm clock. It was called the "Jumbo" and a considerable sale was worked up on it. In 1893 Robert H. Ingersoll was running a small store on Fulton Street, New York, which he had opened in 1877 for the sale of rubber stamps and novelties. He happened to see a "Jumbo" in a jeweler's window, realized almost immediately what publicity could accomplish in the sale of what now 224 OFFICE OF THE WATERBURY CLOCK COMPANY. WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 225 seems a cumbersome timepiece, but then had all the earmarks of a successful invention. Mr. Ingersoll came to Waterbury, and after a thorough investigation placed an order for 188,000 improved Jumbos. He sold all of them, and in the following year his order was for 300,000. By this time the idea of a smaller watch had taken possession of his inventive mind, and improvements followed so quickly that by 19 10 the Waterbury Clock Company was delivering to R. H. Ingersoll & Bro. 3,500,000 of the "dollar watches" every year. The output today in the Waterbury Clock Company of these watches runs over 12,000 a day. This means that there are always 168,000 of these watches in the timing racks, for no watch is turned out until it has had at least a two weeks' "timing" test. Robert H. Ingersoll in 1901 sold 1,000,000 of the watches to Symonds' London stores. This started the present world-circling sale of the "dollar" watch. As a result of the constantly expanding sale of this cheap, practical timepiece, the Waterbury Clock Company has had its most phenomenal growth since 1900. In that year it built two five-story brick factory additions, one 34 by 88 feet, the other 40 by 114 feet. In 1901 it added three additional factories, each five stories and respectively 34 by 88, 40 by 114, and 44 by 70. In 1904 and 1905 it added five buildings to the plant. One of these was the brick boiler house, another the engine house. One of the new factory buildings, of brick and heavy mill construction, measures 43 by 116. The other five story brick measures 43 by 104. Approxi- mately $125,000 was expended for new buildings in this period. In 1907 and 1908 it had again outgrown its capacity and added a five story factory, size 40 by 176. In 1909 and 1910 it expended approximately $100,000 on further additions. The Waterbury Clock Company is probably the only concern of its kind that has a factory for making its own watch crystals. In 1914 after the outbreak of the war the Waterbury Clock Company found itself shut off from its German and Swiss glass crystal sources. It was typical American enterprise that started a factory to meet this need and had it in full blast by May, 1915. The company is making about five hundred gross, or 72,000 crystals daily now. A new seven story factory now being erected is for use in the making of watch crystals, and this means that the supply will be greatly increased in 1918. The entire watch output of the Waterbury Clock Company is sold to Robert H. Ingersoll & Brother. This is the world-famous Ingersoll watch. Its capital stock is today $4,000,000. ROBERT H. INGERSOLL AND BROTHER Like the Waterbury Clock Company, the Waterbury Watch Company, later the New England Watch Company and now an integral part of the Robert H. Ingersoll & Brother organization, was a department of the Benedict & Burnham Manufacturing Company. It soon outgrew its quarters in the parent plant, in which it had done business for two years, and in 1880 was organized as a new corporation, the Waterbury Watch Company, with a capital of $400,000. The factory completed in May, i88r, is the present site on Dover Street. Among its first directors were Charles Benedict, Gordon W. Burnham, Charles Dickinson. George Merritt, Edwin A. Locke and D. A. A. Buck. It was through the ingenuity of D. A. A. Buck that the watch long known to the country as the "long-wind Waterbury" was placed on the market. This was finally withdrawn in 1891 and a perfected short-wind watch was introduced. Vol. 1—13 226 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY In 1888 Augustus S. Chase succeeded Charles Dickinson as president and remained in this office until his death in 1896. In this year, 1896, Arthur O. Jennings was secretary and Edward L. Frisbie treasurer. At this period it employed 400 hands. In 1898 the Waterbury Watch Company became the New England Watch Company with a capital of $600,000. Its president was E. L. Frisbie, and its sec- retary and general manager was A. O. Jennings. It was then making a special drive on the " Elfin" watch, the smallest time piece made in America, and on the '"Hyde," which was in competition with the dollar watch. By 1906 it had increased its capital to $750,000 and its president was George L. White, its vice president E. L. Frisbie, Jr., its secretary William H. White and its treasurer A. O. Jennings. Competition now became so keen that the company was having a hard time to make ends meet. Its cheap watch, successful for a time, could not stand up under the long, hard struggle for permanent trade. The capital had been increased to $1,000,000, but the sale of stock failed to help the project and application for a receiver was made on July 17, 1912. Harris Whittemore and John P. Elton were named as receivers. In November, 1914, when the building and plant, which had been inventoried at $325,000, were to be sold by court order, R. H. Ingersoll & Brother, who had their main plant at Trenton, N. J., announced that they were ready to bid for it. The city entered the combat, thinking to use the building as a Technical High School. The belief was general that the plant was to be dismantled and the machinery moved to Trenton. Charles H. Ingersoll, secretary and treasurer of this company, then announced that the Ingersolls would at once put the plant into condition for operation and would be turning out from 1,000 to 2,000 watches daily within a year. The Chamber of Commerce and the Board of Aldermen both received this pledge, on the strength of which the Ingersoll bid of $76,000 was accepted on November 25, 1914. This company has more than kept its promise. In 1917 it is employing 700 neople. has a weekly pay roll of over ten thousand dollars, and the output of watches is reaching 1,500 a day. The company is now making what it terms the "Ingersoll-Waterbury" watch, thus reviving the old name with a perfected time- piece. The receivership of the old company was finally ended on January 7, 191 6. The Bannatyne Watch Company was incorporated for $100,000 in Novem- ber, 1905, with Franklin Farrel, Jr., of Ansonia, president; George E. Bryant, treasurer; Archibald Bannatyne, secretary. Mr. Bannatyne had been long in the employ of the Waterbury Clock Company and was the practical man in the new concern. Its factory was located at 31 to 37 Canal Street. The company discontinued the business in 191 1. It manufactured principally a watch retailing at $1.50 and smaller and neater than the original dollar watch, being more like the improved lines selling at $1.50 and $2.00. Mr. Bannatyne has long been regarded as the inventor of the original dollar watch by many people. He was master mechanic of the Waterbury Clock Company when the "Jumbo" watch was put out, and thinking along this line, decided that if it were manufactured in large enough quantities, a small watch in a nickel case with a stem-wind could be made at a price which would make it possible to retail it at $1.00. At that time he estimated that on an order of 500,000 the manufacturing cost would be 29 cents each. The preliminary investment required for tools staggered the direc- tors, however, and before anything was decided upon, Mr. Ingersoll visited the FORMERLY NEW ENGLAND WATCH COMPANY; NOW OCCUPIED BY THE INGERSOLL- WATERBURY PLANT. OWNED BY R. H. INGERSOLL & BROTHER WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 227 factory with a promise of a market for such a watch. In placing his original orders, he insisted that his name should go on the dial, where it has remained to this day. The old "long wind" Waterbury watch, on which D. A. A. Buck took out twelve patents from 1S79 to 1885, was the pioneer cheap watch. It had what was at that time a tremendous sale, although its retail price was $3.50. It was not only the favorite hoy's watch but the rough-and-tumhle watch of hundreds of thousands of men. Its tick was heard round the world and had made Waterbury famous. Why was it not the Waterbury watch that developed into a dollar watch ? Why did the Waterbury Clock company seize the idea which would have saved the Waterbury Watch Company from liquidation? The Waterbury watch ceased to be an attractive novelty because of its long wind, which was a favorite joke of vaudeville performers and newspaper humor- i-is. and the company came to the conclusion in 1891 that cheap watches were only a passing novelty. It was decided to manufacture medium grade watches and for fear the cheapness of the Waterbury watch would cling to the new product, the name of the corporation was changed to The New England Watch Company. Thus the factory entered upon the experiment of starting in new fields, already well occupied, without an established reputation. It is easy to assert that the Waterbury watch could have been at that time both improved in quality and reduced in price and made a commercial success. All we know is that eight years later the Waterbury Clock Company made the attempt and won. It has often been thought that the company's change of name was unfor- tunate. In 191 3 the receivers considered the question of re-assuming it on the theory that after the lapse of more than twenty years it would be an asset as a trademark. The same idea was suggested to Charles H. Ingersoll after his purchase of the factory and resulted in one of the new products being christened the Ingersoll-Waterbury. THE LUX CLOCK MANUFACTURING COMPANY Paul Lux started the Lux Clock Company in a small shop on East Farms Street in March, 1914. In 191 5 it had outgrown its quarters and moved into a large loft in Printers' Court. In January, 1917, it was incorporated as The Lux Clock Manufacturing Company with a capital of $50,000 and took larger quarters at 21 Harrison Street. Its officers are: President, Paul Lux; vice president, Michael Keeley; secretary, A. H. Hauser; assistant secretary, Herman Lux; assistant treasurer, Frederick Lux. The company manufactures clock move- ments. THE PIN COMPANIES It was in what may be called the segregation of its industries and in the development as separate organizations of what were to begin with branches of parent branches, that much of the great success of Waterbury manufactures lies. The pin industry is the earliest and most striking illustration of this. This began in Waterbury originally as a branch of the Benedict & Burnham Manu- facturing Company, and became a distinct organization in 1846, as the Ameri- can Pin Company. The invention by Chauncey O. Crosby of a machine for stick- ing pins on paper led to the formation in 1852 of the Oakville Company. The contest over the Crosby patent, which was claimed to be an infringement of the American Pin Company's "goose neck" patent device for sticking pins, was the 228 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY foundation of the Oakville Company's success. In this the courts upheld the Oakville Company. After this controversy, the two companies developed along thoroughly harmonious lines. The American Pin Company was incorporated in November, 1846, and the incorporators were Adam Benedict, G. W. Burnham, Henry Bronson, J. S. Mitchell, Jr., Bennett Bronson, Charles Benedict, Benjamin DeForest, John DeForest, J. C. Booth, A. W. Welton, D. F. Maltby, Philo Brown, J. P. Elton, Ambrose Ives, James Brown, P. W. Carter and S. B. Minor. The American Pin Company was organized with a capital stock of $50,000. The business was a feeder for the wire mills. Nelson Hall became the secretary, treasurer and manager of the business in January, 1847, an d continued as manager until Theodore I. Briggs became treasurer on the 24th of January, 1865. On the 24th of December, 1866, he was made secretary and treasurer and was made president and treasurer on January 24, 1888, while George A. Driggs succeeded to the position of secretary. Theodore I. Driggs continued in the presidency until June 28, 1893, when A. M. Blakesley was elected his successor and continued from January 30, 1894, until his death in October, 1908, when George A. Driggs became president and treasurer. He had previously been secretary and treasurer for fifteen years and upon his elec- tion to the presidency W. R. Willetts was elected secretary, continuing until February 6, 1913, when he in turn was succeeded by W. W. Bowers. It was a considerable period after the organization of the company before the president became an active factor in the management of the business, and the first president after the incorporation in 1846 was Philo Brown. The presi- dents of Holmes, Booth & Haydens, of the Waterbury Brass Company, of the Brown Company and of the Benedict and Burnham Company served in turn but were not active in control of the business until Theodore I. Driggs became presi- dent on the 24th of January, 1888. On the 6th of February, 1913, Fred E. Bart- lett became vice president, with H. B. Jenkins as assistant secretary. On the 2d of February, 1914, the same officers were chosen save that T. I. Driggs was elected assistant treasurer. On the 2d of February, 191 6, Gordon W. Burnham became a director, together with John P. Elton, H. B. Jenkins, T. I. Driggs, Geo. A. Driggs, Harris Whittemore, F. E. Bartlett. W. W. Bowers and John Booth Burrall. In February, 1916, T. I. Driggs was elected general manager as well as assistant treasurer. The business was originally located on East Main Street, where the Poli Theater now stands, but was removed in 1894 to Waterville in order to secure more room. In 1890 the company was doing a business of about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars per annum. Today the business of the corporation amounts to $3,000,000 per annum. The plant covers 50 acres of ground, and the factory comprises 7 buildings, 4 stories in height with basement. One building is 250 by 50 feet, another 160 by 60 feet, a third 150 by 35 feet, a fourth 33 by 40 feet, and a fifth 60 by 150 feet. There is also a 1 -story building 80 by 100 feet and another 80 by 150 feet. They employ 900 people, 35 per cent of whom are skilled operatives. Forty per cent of the employes are women. The company manufactures notions and brass goods, safety pins and hooks and eyes. The plant is operated by steam and electric power. Automatic processes have been developed and the output, under the name of the American Pin Company, is sold all over the world. Its construction work for the past seventeen years is the best evidence of its vast growth. BENEDICT & BURXHAM MANUFACTURING COMPANY, WATERBURY PLANT OF THE WATERBURY MANUFACTURING COMPANY, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 229 In 1900 it erected the 4-story central factory, 40 by 192, at a cost of $25,000. In 1902 it added the 4-story brick factory, 40 by 36, at a cost of $23,000. in 1903 the new foundry building, i-story brick, 60 by 62, was put up in Water- ville at a cost of $15,000. In 1904 the casting shop, 62 by 120, was added to the Waterville plant. This was followed in 1905 with a 2-story brick addition 53 by 162 and in 190O with the large 4-story brick, 53 by 257, and the wing, 18 by 23, which was put up at a cost of $62,000. In 1909 and 1910 the 2-story brick buildings, 15 by 23 and 18 by 23, were added to the plant. In 1915 it further iucreased its working plant by a 1 -story brick building containing 8,858 square feet. The Oakville Company, organized in 1852 by Greene Kendrick with a capital stock of 853,000, has grown to be one of the largest organizations of its kind in the country. From the start of a few low buildings, the growth has been very satisfactory, as the plant now consists of several brick buildings, ranging from one to five stories in height. The various departments are equipped with the latest and most approved automatic wire machines, and all needed appliances operated by either steam, electricity or water, and lighted by electricity supplied by the companv's own electric plant. Its construction work has kept pace with the growth of its business. In 1900 two additions of brick, one 4 stories, 40 by 45, and the other 2 stories, 35 by 65, were put up. In 1905 the 4-story brick, 32 by 92, and a i-story brick, 18 by 81, were added. In 1907 and 1908 the two 4-story brick buildings, 38 by 200, and 40 by 200, were added, thus giving them most of the present large frontage on the main road. In 1909 and 1910 the 5-story brick building, 30 by 251, was added, and in 1916 the latest 5-story was put up, the most modern of all the equipment. It now employs about one thousand hands, of whom 40 per cent are women. It has done some fine work in the way of securing improved housing condi- tions for its employes and has built model homes, both for workmen and clerical help. Ten of these smaller homes are now under construction. Elisha Leavenworth succeeded to the presidency on the death of Joseph C. Welton in 1874. His successor was E. C. Lewis, who was succeeded by J. Hobart Bronson, who still occupies that position. Mr. Bronson succeeded Nathaniel H. Perry as secretary and general manager in 1877, becoming president on Novem- ber 18, 1 90 1. At that time Walter Place was secretary and the directors were J. H. Bronson, Elisha Leavenworth, J. S. Elton, H. S. Chase and J. A. Smith. The present directors are : H. S. Chase, W. E. Fulton, J. R. Smith, Truman S. Lewis, George Boden, J. Hobart Bronson. Its present officers are : J. Hobart Bronson, president and treasurer; vice president, Henry S. Chase; assistant treasurer, Bennett Bronson; secretary, George Boden. Its capitalization is $600,000. In 1909 there were employed in the United States 4,976 hands in the pin, needle and hook and eye business of the country. Waterbury and Torrington together are credited with nearly half of these employes. The proportion has not been reduced since that time. The three concerns in Waterbury, the American Pin Company, the Oakwell Company and Plume & Atwood, manufacture con- servatively estimated, one-half of all the pins and safety pins made in the United States, fully as large, if not an even larger percentage, of hooks and eyes and some needles. Needles are also made at Torrington in the Naugatuck Valley. CHAPTER XIX MACHINE SHOPS AND FOUNDRIES THE WATERBURY FARREL FOUNDRY & MACHINE COMPANY THE WATERBURY MACHINE COMPANY — THE E. J. MANVILLE MACHINE COMPANY THE BLAKE & JOHNSON COMPANY — THE WATERBURY TOOL COMPANY — THE LUDINGTON CIG- ARETTE MACHINE COMPANY — THE ROWBOTTOM MACHINE COMPANY — -ANDREW C. CAMPBELL, INC. HENDERSON BROTHERS SEYMOUR SMITH & SON THE MANUFACTURERS FOUNDRY COMPANY THE WATERBURY CASTINGS COMPANY THE METAL SPECIALTIES COMPANY THE ATLAS MACHINE COMPANY — WATER- BURY STANDARD TOOL AND MACHINE COMPANY WATERBURY PRESSED METAL AND TOOL COMPANY. The plant of the present Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company was started in 1851, and in 1857 was conducted in connection with the Ansonia Foundry under the name of the Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, and so continued until 1880. when the Farrels sold out. In the latter year the present company was organized as the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, with E. C. Lewis as president, Wm. E. Fulton as secretary, and George B. Lam- har as superintendent. The men at the head of affairs have been with the company for many years. William E. Fulton is president, David C. Griggs secretary and William S. Fulton is treasurer. Its capital is $440,000. It has constructed eleven factory buildings on its present site since 1900. In 1 001 a four story brick factory building 48 by 196 was erected. In 1902 the three story brick and steel factory 47 by 194 was put up. It has built additions nearly every year, those in the period from! 1915 to 1917 summing up approximately $150,000. The Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company designs and builds rolling mill machinery, for brass, copper, and German silver, brass tube and wire machinery, hydraulic presses, power presses, drop presses, foot presses, cartridge and special machinery, and rivet machines for making automatically rivets, bolts and screw blanks. In the two plants it now employs about eight hundred hands. Edward C. Lewis, formerly president of the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, was one of the best known manufacturers in this section. He came to Waterbury in the early '50s to manage the branch of what was then known as the Ansonia Farrel Foundry & Machine Company. He died October 24, 1901. and at that time was a director in the Dime Savings Bank, one of the original projectors of the Manufacturers Bank, president of the Oakville Com- pany, a director in the Benedict & Burnham Company, the Plume & Atwood Com- pany and the Holmes, Booth & Haydens Company. THE WATERBURY MACHINE COMPANY The Waterbury Machine Company, reorganized in 1885, capital $60,000, was originally located in Oakville, and was moved to Waterbury in 1891. In 1893 230 W'ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 231 its officers were William E. Fulton, president; George B. Lamb, treasurer; R. S. YVotkyns, secretary. In 1911 it was taken over as an adjunct corporation of the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & .Machine Company, the plants being- operated under one management and with identical outputs. It has, however, still a separate cor- porate organization. At present on its old site the two companies are putting up a large extension with a two story front on Bank Street, and a one story build- ing on .Meadow Street. Its capital remains at $(K),000. Its officers at present are: President, William E. Fulton; secretary, William 1). Pierson ; treasurer, William S. Fulton. The company manufactures automatic machines of great ingenuity, such as automatic machinery for making hinges and butts. The machines for making screw blanks and nut blanks are particularly complete and show the advance that has been made in the way of automatic devices. THE E. J. MANVILLE MACHINE COMPANY The E. J. Manville Machine Company was established by Eli J. Manville Sep- tember 15, 1878. He invented various machines, of which the best known are the planer and shaper called the ''Hendey," the cold reducing machine to reduce the size of wire, which brought into existence the Excelsior Needle Company of Torrington, and the safety pin machine, the building of which was the starting point of the E. J. Manville Machine Company. Mr. Manville was the president of the company until his death in 1886. On October 6, 1886, the concern was incorporated, capital $25,000, with E. J. Manville as president, which position he held only twenty- four days; R. C. Man- ville, treasurer; W. W. Manville, secretary, and F. B. Manville, F. J. Manville and G. H. Manville, directors. In 1896 the Manvilles sold out and Martin H. Brennan became president and manager, with D. T. Hart as treasurer. Charles T. Brennan is now secretary and superintendent. Its capital now is $100,000. The company is now extensively engaged in making direct-acting, double stroke, solid die cold heading and bolt machines, the bolt head trimming machines, thread rolling machines and the automatic Duplex belt-cutting machine. The Manville Company designed all the automatic machinery for the Ford Automo- bile Company. The original factory was on Benedict Street. The company removed to Meadow Street in 1886, and in 1904 to the present location, where they have a frontage of 300 feet on. East Main Street, with a depth of 325 feet. The buildings are in part j'j stories in height and partially of sawtooth construction. The factory has about two acres of floor space, and employs 300 people, mostly skilled machinists. . In 1904 the Manville Company put up five of its factory buildings. Extensions were made in 19 10 and H)\-\. Additional construction work is now going on. Tilt: BLAKE & JOHNSON COMPANY Blake & Johnson, which was organized on February 17, 1852, with a capital of $8,000. is one of the historic industrial concerns of the city, with an unbroken record of success. In 1894 it was located on East Main Street and its officers were : President and treasurer, Orville H. Stevens ; secretary, R. R. Stannard. On November 17, 1894. Mr. Stevens died and James S. Elton succeeded to the 232 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY presidency and Mr. Stannard to the treasurership. The directors were then F. J. Kingsbury, James S. Elton, C. N. Wayland, and R. R. Stannard. In 1898 Franklin A. Taylor became secretary, remaining until October 10, 1899, when he resigned to join the Randoph & Clowes forces, Robert P. Lewis succeeding him. In 1899 Mr. Stannard succeeded to the presidency, which posi- tion he held until his death, January 4, 1906. John P. Elton succeeded to the presidency, which position he still holds. In 1914 Lancaster P. Clark was made secretary and general manager. In January, 1917, Charles E. Stevens, son of its former president, became secretary, which position he still holds. Mr. Clark is now treasurer and general manager. On May 3, 1906, Blake & Johnson changed its name to The Blake & Johnson Company. On January 30, 1908, its capital was increased to $120,000. On February 3, 19 14, it was again increased to $200,000. The company operates two plants. Its manufacturing division is located at 1495 Thomaston Avenue, where its output is rivets, screws, studs, nuts, wire forms, cotter pins, screw machine products, piano, organ and player hardware, and specialties from wire and rod. In its machinery division at 173 North Elm Street it makes threaders for roll- ing threads, headers for making rivets, presses, grinders, slitters and formers for wire forming. It employs about four hundred hands. The Blake & Johnson Company erected its new plant at Waterville in 1909. This consists of a factory building of brick and concrete construction, 200 by 260 feet in size, one story with basement, and a power plant, also of brick and con- crete, one story and basement 50 by 80 feet in size; cost $150,000. It built a two story addition in 1914 and is at present making still further improvements. THE WATERBURY TOOL COMPANY The Waterbury Tool Company was incorporated in September, 1898, by Horace G. Hoadley, who has been its president and treasurer since that time. Its capital is $280,000. It began building the Universal ratchet drill invented by Prof. Harvey D. Williams of Cornell. This was perfected by Reynold Janney, who has been vice president and chief engineer of the company since 1904. Its hydraulic machines for transmitting power at variable speeds are now used for turret turning, gun-elevating, shell hoists and powder hoists, rammers, main steering gear, and to control submarine diving rudders. This business was started on the top floor of the factory of the New Britain Machine Company in that city. Later the present site on East Aurora Street, Waterbury, was bought and a large factory was built. The main building is 120 by 212 feet, and one of the best equipped structures in the country. The company has built for rental to its employes nine one- family frame houses on the part of its 10-acre shop site most distant from the present machine shop. A 40-foot street has been laid out and the houses built on both sides of it. They are of five dissimilar types so that the group does not have the appearance of factory houses. They are of five and six rooms, on lots 50 by 120 feet, and have city water, bathrooms, hot-air furnaces, electric light and arrangements for sewage disposal by means of septic tanks. The company has also built, for rental to foremen, on lots 60 by 140 feet, within fifteen minutes' walk of the shop, two twin houses with modern improvements. The officials of the Waterbury Tool Company are Horace G. Hoadley, presi- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 233 dent and treasurer ; Reynold Janney, vice president and chief engineer ; Charles P. Haight, secretary and assistant treasurer, and William S. Wilkinson, superin- tendent. THE LUDINGTON CIGARETTE MACHINE COMPANY The Ludington Cigarette Machine Company was incorporated for $50,000 in 1909. Its first officers were Frank J. Ludington, president; F. E. Ludington, vice president, and V. M. Shaw, secretary. The death of F. J. Ludington occurred in the year of the company's organization and his nephew, F. W. Ludington, suc- ceeded. At present the officers are F. W. Ludington, president; F. C. Cannon, vice president, and F. E. Ludington, secretary and treasurer. The company manufactures cigarette and tobacco machinery, the basic inven- tions being the creations of its founder, Frank J. Ludington. These proved epoch- making and profitable and the business he created, though at first small, expanded rapidly and was eventually incorporated shortly before his death. From 1907 the company occupied first two and later three floors in the T. F. Jackson loft building on Printers' Court, now the Republican Building, but by November, 1917, it had outgrown these quarters and announced its intention of erecting a plant on the Watertown Road, next to the New Haven Dairy Company, to consist of one long two story and basement factory building. On January 31, 1917, the company's capital was increased to $350,000. THE ROWBOTTOM MACHINE COMPANY The Rowbottom Machine Company was organized June 1, 1902, capital $10,000. Its first officers were George Rowbottom, president; W. A. Robbins, vice president, and Hugh A. Pendlebury, secretary and treasurer. It started in a little wooden building as manufacturers of special automatic machinery. In 1903 it bought a small piece of ground and built a small brick factory. In 1905 it built the first large addition, following it in 191 1 with another addition. In 1912 it purchased the business of the Manville Bros. Company, machinery build- ers. Tn 191 5 the company more than doubled all its space, and now has 19,500 square feet of floor space in mill construction buildings. The company owns three acres of ground, and a plant equipped with electric power, individual motors and sprinkler system. It employs about seventy-five skilled mechanics. It has developed automatic machinery of various kinds, including one of the first successful machines for making high grade cigarettes, with a capacity of 450 per minute, a machine for sewing hooks and eyes on cards, turning out three cards of two dozen hooks and eyes per minute ; also tube forming machinery, box machinery, disc grinding machinery, automatic button machinery, and tube bend- ing machinery. It now builds and sells a universal coin milling machine which will mill any style of coin. The company does a large business for the trade in milling coins, medals, etc., and their business in this particular covers the two Americas. ANDREW C. CAMPP.ELL, [INCORPORATED Andrew C. Campbell, Inc., was chartered in 1912, with a capital of $50,000. The following are the officers : President, Andrew C. Campbell ; secretary, W. Wheeler; Treasurer, Walter 15. Lasher, of liridgeport. 234 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Mr. Campbell has designed some of the most successfully operated machines in America and in 191 2 opened his own plant to manufacture his latest machinery for the lightning manufacture of the cotter pin a split pin used very extensively, especially in the making of automobiles. In 1 91 6 the American Chain Company of Bridgeport, makers of the Weed tire chain, needing Mr. Campbell's services, purchased the plant, but operates it under the former corporation name. It has recently purchased two adjoining lots, and will at once extend the factory erected in 1913 by Mr. Campbell. Mr. Campbell is now designing some of the machinery needed in the emergency fleet equipment works of the American Chain Company's plant at Norfolk, Va. The output of cotter pins at the Waterbury plant is nearly a million daily. Sixty men are employed. Mr. Campbell has been a very prolific inventor, having taken out thirty-six patents from 1880 to 1912. The DeLong Company of Philadelphia contracted with the E. J. Manville Machine Company for twenty-two machines to turn out their hooks at higher speed. Their last machine was designed by Andrew C. Campbell and turned out 240 "see that hump" hooks per minute. The model or first machine was run at 300 hooks per minute and was the fastest machine of the kind in the world. The adjustable treadle, made by the Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Com- pany for its presses was the invention of A. C. Campbell and is still put out with the firm's presses. The machine put out by the E. J. Manville Machine Company for a special assembling operation on shoe shanks was a Campbell invention. The E. J. Man- ville Machine Company's double stroke header, which has been the biggest kind of a money-maker and time saver, was also a Campbell invention. The same firm also made the machine designed by Campbell for making bicycle nipples. After an infringement fight in which the Manville Company won out, this patent was sold to the Excelsior Needle Company of Torrington. The Manville success with screw slotting machines began with the machines designed by Mr. Campbell. Andrew C. Campbell also designed for John Granger of Philadelphia the machine to make the "Granger" dress hook. It is able to turn out the hooks at the rate of 150 per minute. The ball heading machines which turns out 125 balls per minute were designed by Campbell, and are in use all over the country. HENDERSON BROTHERS Henderson Brothers, machinists, organized in 1880 with John and Alexander Henderson as firm members. Ten years later the business was reorganized under the name of Henderson & Baird Company, with John Henderson, Thomas Hen- derson and Joseph H. Baird as incorporators, and with a capital of $20,000. In 1884, it removed to 133 South Leonard Street, where the company has two build- ings, one of which is two stories in height and the other one story. With the withdrawal of Mr. Baird partnership relations were resumed. The company is now engaged in the manufacture of patent elevators and tumbling barrels, the latter being the invention of John Henderson. About twenty people are employed. THE SEYMOUR SMITH & SON, INCORPORATED The Seymour Smith & Son (Inc.) of Oakville was incorporated December 31, 191 2, capital $25,000, succeeding Seymour Smith & Son, established in 1872. VVATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 235 Seymour Smith, the founder of the business, had one son, William II., who became the associate and afterward the successor of his father, continuing the business of manufacturing pruning implements of various kinds and descriptions which are largely sent to a foreign field. It employs thirty hands. The present officers are William II. Smith, president; Ella R. Smith, secre- tary, and ( ieorge II. Smith, treasurer. MIK MANUFACTURERS FOUNDRY COMPANY The Manufacturers Foundry Company was incorporated in January, 1900, with a capital of $10,000. Its first officers were: President, Henry D. Beach; secretary and manager, Edward W. Beach ; treasurer, Charles F. Bronson. From the outset, its special castings for chemical work gave it a reputation throughout the east. It is now making exclusively high grade motor cylinder castings for autos and aeroplanes. In [90*5 its capital had been increased to $50,000 and its officers were: George \V. Beach, president; Edward W. Beach, secretary and treasurer; F. C. Fromm, assistant treasurer. In the following year Air. Fromm became treasurer. In 1908 the capital was increased to $100,000, and in 1909 the officers were: S. E. Hopkins, president; secretary, Edward W. Beach; treasurer, F. C. Fromm. The capital of the company in 1917 is $200,000, and its officers are: Presi- dent, S. E. Hopkins ; vice president, E. W. Beach ; secretary and treasurer, F. C. Fromm. Practically the entire plant has been built in the last twelve years, since it moved from its location on Benedict Street to its present site on Railroad Hill, near Eagle Street. It has taken a number of years to develop the grade of gray iron castings now made exclusively by the company. In 1904 it erected two two-story brick buildings, one 80 by 170 and the other 2j by 34. In 1906 two additions were erected. In 1907 and 1908 four steel and concrete structures were added. In 1909 and 1910 one further addition was made. In 1913 and 1914 four of its buildings were put up. Some further additions were made in 1916 and 191 7. THE WATERRURY FOUNDRY COMPANY The Waterbury Foundry Company was incorporated in 1907 with a capital of $140,000. taking over the business of B. H. Fry & Company and the factory erected by that firm in 1904. Until his death in 191 1, Benj. H. Fry was presi- dent of the Waterbury Foundry Company with Arthur A. Tanner, secretary. The latter succeeded to the position of president and treasurer, which he still holds. The vice president in 19 17 is John S. Neagle, and the secretary, C. F. Fiederman. No large additions have been made to the plant since 1912, although the capacity of the foundry has been greatly increased by recent important alterations. THE WATERBURY CASTINGS COMPANY The Waterbury Castings Company was organized in njoj. J. R. Smith was president ; P. A. Piatt, vice president; C. S. Bull, treasurer; and George E. Camp, secretary. 236 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The plant is on Railroad Hill Street and covers four acres. Its capital is $100,000. It has a one story foundry of mill construction, with 22,000 square feet of floor space. There are 175 employes, of whom 50 per cent are skilled. It is a jobbing foundry with a capacity of twenty-five tons of castings daily. The product is sold in Waterbury and to outside points. THE METAL SPECIALTIES COMPANY The Metal Specialties Company was organized June 7, 1912, capital $25,000, with John W. Potter, president ; Clark Lewis, treasurer ; A. L. Schwartz, secre- tary and general manager; and Cyrus T. Gray, director. In October, 1913, Harris W. Langley became secretary, and with the resig- nation of Mr. Potter, Mr. Gray became president in February, 1914. In April, 1915, Mr. Lewis and Mr. Langley both resigned and H. H. Heminway was elected treasurer and Charles Bronson secretary. In February, 191 7, Mr. Hemin- way became secretary and treasurer, while Mr. Gray remains as president. The company began business at No. 23 Jefferson Street, occupying a part of a room on the third floor. In 19 15 it took two rooms on the top and on the lower floor, and on January 1, 1916, began occupying the entire building. On the 1st of April, 191 7, it moved into its new building on East Aurora Street. This is 120 by 190, with an addition 30 by 40 feet, is of sawtooth mill construction, equipped with sprinkler system and electric power. The company manufactures snap buttons, burnishing and bearing balls, special rivets, metal novelties, selling to jobbers. It employs sixty to seventy-five people. THE ATLAS MACHINE COMPANY The Atlas Machine Company was incorporated in March, 1906, with a capital of $10,000, which in 1910 was increased to $50,000. Its officers are : President and treasurer, Adam Callan ; secretary, Carlton F. Atwood. Its output consists largely of metal and wire working machinery. THE WATERBURY STANDARD TOOL AND MACHINE COMPANY The Waterbury Standard Tool and Machine Company was incorporated February 20, 1913, with a capital of $10,000, its officers being Jeremiah W. Phelps, president and treasurer; John B. Doherty, secretary. It manufactures automatic machinery of all kinds, but more especially that used for the making of watch parts, and the output is classed among the most perfect in the country. The company occupies two floors of its five-story building at 31 Canal Street. Mr. Phelps has built up a thriving business, as he is looked upon as one of the watch machinery experts of the country. THE WATERBURY PRESSED METAL AND TOOL COMPANY The Waterbury Pressed Metal and Tool Company was incorporated February, 1916, with a capital of $25,000. Its president and treasurer, Alfred L. Schwartz, was for many years general manager and secretary of the Metal Specialty Com- pany. The secretary of the new company is Ernest A. Austin. Its output is tool and machine work and all classes of metal stampings. CHAPTER XX OTHER MANUFACTURING CORPORATIONS THE INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY — THE AMERICAN MILLS COMPANY — THE WATERBURY PAPER BOX COMPANY — THE WHITE & WELLS COMPANY — THE KALB- FLEISCH CORPORATION — THE WATERBURY BATTERY COMPANY — THE WILLIAMS SEALING CORPORATION — THE WATERBURY JEWEL COMPANY — THE AUTOYRE COM- PANY — THE LANE MANUFACTURING COMPANY WATERVILLE CUTLERY COMPANY — THE MORDEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY — THE H. L. WELCH HOSIERY COM- PANY — THE WATERBURY INSTRUMENT COMPx\NY THE WATERBURY ICE COR- PORATION THE SPRING LAKE ICE COMPANY — THE HELLMAN BREWING COM- PANY — THE EAGLE BREWING COMPANY — FEW MANUFACTURING LOSSES. The Bristol Company was organized in 1889 as a partnership by \V. H., B. H. and F. B. Bristol. It was incorporated in 1894 with a capital of $10,000. W. H. Bristol was the organizer and founder of the business, and with the exception of a short interval has been president since incorporation. The company began to manufacture recording steam gauges and steel belt lacing. Business has now been expanded to cover every kind of recording instrument, covering over two thousand different uses. The invention of Prof. W. H. Bristol formed the basis of the Bristol Company's success. He has a record of over one hundred inven- tions, all of them in the line of recording instruments. His electric pyrometer is perhaps the most important. Business was begun in a little wooden building in Platts Mills and since 1894 additions have from time to time been made to the the present factory until the company now has 175,000 square feet of floor space. The buildings are from one to six stories in height, nearly all of mill construc- tion, with sprinkler system. The company employs over four hundred people, all highly skilled labor. Its product is sold all over the civilized world. It has branch offices in Boston, New York, Pittsburgh, Chicago, San Francisco and agencies in all foreign countries. At the Panama Exposition in San Francisco the Bristol Company received the highest possible award on their whole line. The officers are: W. H. Bristol, president; Harris Whittemore, treasurer; S. R. Bristol, secretary. In 1908 E. H., B. B. and B. H. Bristol sold out their interest to the Bristol Company and moved to Foxboro, Mass., where they established the Foxboro Company, which is still in business there making recording instruments. THE INTERNATIONAL SILVER COMPANY The International Silver Company of New Jersey in 1899 succeeded to both Rogers & Brother and the Rogers & Hamilton Company, occupying at the present time the Rogers & Brother plant. The Rogers & Hamilton Company's new plant on Griggs Street remained vacant until 1907 when it was taken over by the Noera Company. 237 238 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Rogers & Brother, established in Hartford in 1847, na d removed to Water- bury in 1858. The Rogers & Hamilton Company was established with a capital of $50,000 February 14, 1886. The plant is officially known as International Factory Company, Factory J., but passes locally as "the spoon shop." It has been greatly enlarged since the consolidation and still manufactures the * Rogers & Bro. A-i brand of silver plated ware. These goods are sold all over the world. In the Waterbury factory about six hundred hands are employed. The secre- tary of the International Silver Company, George Rockwell, is general manager of the Waterbury plant. Four buildings have been erected since 1907 and further improvements are now contemplated. THE AMERICAN MILLS COMPANY The American Mills Company, which was organized in 1881, was incorporated on November 19, T909, with a capital of $150,000 and with its present executive, Archer J. Smith, as president. On July 7, 1914, the business was extended to include the New Haven Web Company, Hamden, Conn., and the Narrow Fabric Corporation, New Haven, the capitalization being $1,200,000. In the Waterbury plant of the company 250 hands are at present employed. Its officers are : President, Archer J. Smith ; vice president, F. M. Chambers, of New Haven; secretary, C. B. Twitchell, of New Haven; assistant treasurer, I. B. Smith. It manufactures narrow elastic and non-elastic fabrics, and its trade is now worldwide. Its largest building in the Waterbury plant is just being completed, a two- story and basement factory addition, 300 feet long. The building is also to con- tain the offices of the company. Its newer construction work began in 1904 and in 1910 it put up a large two- story and basement brick and steel structure, size 64 by 191, and a one-story brick addition. THE WATERBURY PAPER BOX COMPANY For many years the paper box industry has been an important one in Water- bury, large numbers of the boxes used for perfumery, cutlery, silverware and toilet articles being manufactured here and shipped to the makers of these articles elsewhere, as well as druggists' boxes and boxes for the local factories. The factory of R. E. Hitchcock & Company was one of the old landmarks of Waterbury industrial life. Situated on Canal Street, it gave employment to over one hundred people. Mr. Hitchcock was succeeded by his partner and son-in- law, Arthur C. Northrop, under whose regime the business grew and developed until some of the finest box work of the country was done in this factory, espe- cially the fancy boxes used by leading perfumers for putting up their goods. The property passed into the hands of the present owners in 1901 and received its present namte, that of the Waterbury Paper Box Company. Since that time it has doubled itself and now employs about two hundred and fifty hands. Its capital was $25,000. increased January 27, 1914, to $50,000. A plot of ground on South Leonard Street was secured, and in 1904 a com- modious and convenient building, designed especially to meet the needs, was erected. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 239 One of the departments of the Waterbury Paper Box Company which has always been a very important one is its printing department, which also occupies a portion of the office floor. Established in the first place to meet the needs of the factory itself, in the way of labels, box tops, etc., the work soon grew and developed until line job printing became a regular feature of the company's work. In 1913 a 60-foot addition was built, mill construction, giving the company a 300- foot frontage. Its goods are sold all over the United States to perfumery, toilet goods and silverware manufacturers. Marry 11. Ileminway is president, and William H. Beers, secretary and treasurer. THE WHITE & WELLS COMPANY The White & Wells Company was a partnership until 1895, when the third in direct descent from the founder of the business, James White, incorporated it for $50,000. Its officers were : George L. White, president and treasurer ; C. H. White, vice president ; W. E. Norris, secretary. The factory at Naugatuck was run in addition to the old plant at 214 Bank- Street. On December 1, 1914, George L. White, who had inherited the business from his father, died and was succeeded by his son, William Henry White. Its secretary is W. E. Treat. The two large factory buildings in Waterbury are now headquarters for a plant that has well-established branches in Nau- gatuck, Bridgeport and New Haven. There has been no increase in capitalization. THE KALBFLEISCH CORPORATION The Kalbfleisch Corporation of New York, one of the largest manufacturers of acids and heavy chemicals in the United States, has one of its most important plants in Waterbury, located on Railroad Hill Street, near Eagle Street, and employing 120 hands. It began the construction of a local plant in 1904, with a one-story brick factory 50 by 185. This has been enlarged from year to year, with further improvements now in progress. Seven buildings with a total front- age of nearly 800 feet comprise the plant today. The local manager is J. A. Garde. The officers of the New York company are: President, F. H. Kalbfleisch; vice president, R. S. Perry; treasurer, A. B. Savage ; secretary, Richard Sheldrick, all of New York. Until May, 191 7, it was known as the Franklin H. Kalbfleisch Company. At that time it was incorporated under the laws of New Jersey as the Kalbfleisch Corporation. It manufactures sulphuric, muriatic and nitric acids, all chemicals used by silk, cotton and wool manufacturers in dyes, replacing much of that nature for- merly imported from Germany. WATERBURY BATTERY COMPANY The Waterbury Battery Company was incorporated in 1899 with a capital of $125,000, to manufacture opened and closed circuit batteries and to handle battery zincs and battery materials. Its president and treasurer has been and is Charles B. Schoenmehl. Its vice president and general manager is E. E. Hudson, and its secretary and factory manager is M. L. Mattus. At present the company employs about a hundred hands. 240 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Its first new building was erected in 1904, and in 19 10 and 1914 the larger structures were added. THE WILLIAMS SEALING CORPORATION The Williams Sealing Corporation was organized October 19, 1909, with John H. Goss, president; N. R. Bronson, vice president; George A. Williams, treasurer and general manager; Charles D. Nye, secretary; J. E. Tackaberry, assistant secretary and treasurer. Its capital is $150,000. It is located at No. 37 Benedict Street, where it has a frontage of 160 feet, and a depth of 120 feet. It occupies two buildings three stories in height, one of which is of mill construction. The company manufactures "Kork-N-Seal" bottle caps. These are sold to manufacturers of food products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, mineral waters, wines, liquors, patent medicines, fruit juices, and other liquids. It also makes automatic machinery for applying the caps to the bottles, but the cap can be applied without the use of the machine. The output is sold largely to big manufacturers. The article is being adopted by such firms as the Parke-Davis Company of Detroit, the Standard Oil Company, Scott & Bowne, manufacturers of Scott's Emulsion, and the R. L. Watkins Company of Cleveland. The plant employs 125 people. THE WATERBURY JEWEL COMPANY The Waterbury Jewel Company was established February 8, 1911-, with E. M. Grilley and F. G. Neuberth as partners. It was incorporated February 18, 1915, with F. G. Neuberth as president; H. M. Werner, secretary; E. M. Grilley, vice president, treasurer and manager. Its capital is $25,000. With the with- drawal of Mr. Werner, R. F. Neuberth became secretary. The business was started on Burrall Court, and now occupies the two upper floors of the Standard Tool and Machine Company Building at 31 Canal Street. It manufactures all kinds of small instrument jewels and talking machine playing points. The product represents a high grade of mechanical skill, work being based on processes devised by Mr. Grilley. It employs sixty hands. SMALL-WIRE DRAWING The Standard Wire Die Company was organized and incorporated in 1914. Its officers were and are Frederick Quigley, president; Irving Spies, vice presi- dent; J. P. Wall, secretary, and H. W. Quigley, treasurer. The company manu- factures dies for drawing wire. It makes diamond-wire-drawing dies and diamond tools of all descriptions. They manufacture diamond dies for gauges as low as .0005 of an inch in diameter, and up to one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter. The product includes diamond tools of all shapes for turning hardened steel pinions, rubber, fiber, etc., and diamond drills for drilling glass, eyeglasses, etc. There are only five concerns in this line in the United States. The company employs twenty high grade mechanics. It has factories in New York, Worcester, and Waterbury. George Hartley succeeded his father in the manufacture of small steel wire from which hair springs for watches are fabricated. He has built the business up to a commanding position in the trade. In 1915 and 1916 a factory 40 by 40 feet was erected. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 241 The Hartley Wire Die Company is owned by William M. Hartley, son of George Hartley, and manufactures diamond wire dies of small sizes. It was registered in July, 191 7. Harris Hayden has been for thirty years one of Waterbury's famous diamond die sinkers and is still in business, occupying part of the George Hartley plant. THE AUTOYRE COMPANY The Autoyre Company was organized in June. 1912, for $200,000, with J. H. Cowles, president; F. M. Peasley, vice president; R. C. Stewart, secretary and treasurer. Its factory is at Main and Oakville streets, in the buildings formerly occupied by the Baird Machine Company, now of Stratford, where it manufac- tures a general line of wire goods, corkscrews, bottle openers, wire loops, fruit jar trimmings, dress fasteners, having automatic machines for all these processes. It employs 150 people. THE LANE MANUFACTURING COMPANY The Lane Manufacturing Company w r as founded in 1850 by Merritt Lane, who had been in the button business with Rufus E. Hitchcock prior to that date. In 1867 Spencer B. Lane, a brother, became manager. In 1894 its officers were: E. D. Steele, president; Spencer B. Lane, treasurer, and H. B. Lane, secretary. The factory at 50 Elm Street has been occupied continuously since 1873. Merritt Lane died in 1888. In 1896 Spencer B. Lane became president of the company and remained in the position until his death in 1907. The officers now are: President and treasurer, Henry B. Lane: secretary, Charles B. Guernsey. The company makes metal buttons, buckles and snap fasteners. At present its entire output is snap fasteners. THE WATERVTLLE CUTLERY COMPANY The Waterville Cutlery Company, founded in 1890 with a capital of $25,000, was built up to a commanding position in the line of cutlery manufacture by its president and treasurer, W. Sumner Babcock. In 1903, after his death, his attorney, N. R. Bronson, became temporary president of the company and in 1904 disposed of it to George J. Babcock, a brother of the former president. In 1913 the Superior Court on application of Mr. Babcock appointed Lawrence L. Lewis receiver with orders to dispose of the property. The order of the court approving the sale and discharging the receiver was recorded October 10, 191 3. THE MORDEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY Early in 1904 Miss L. M. Morden, a stenographer, secured a patent on a "loose-leaf" metal ring and in August of that year incorporated the Morden Manufacturing Company with a capital of $40,000. She has since patented other loose-leaf devices and her plant occupies a large loft at 141 Waterville Street. -It turns out these devices in great quantities. Miss Morden is the only woman in active executive work along manufacturing lines in Waterbury. The officers of the company in 1917 are: President and treasurer. Miss L. M. Morden; vice president, B. F. Morden; secretary, A. E. McDonald. Vol. 1—16 242 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY THE H. L. WELCH HOSIERY COMPANY Henry L. Welch in 1870 started the business which in 1890 he incorporated as the H. L. Welch Hosiery Company with a capital of $80,000. In 1895, on the death of Mr. Welch, his interest went to his daughter, Mrs. F. Samson of Hart- ford, and to her children. It was doing a big business in fine knit underwear and under the management of Frank B. Buck grew so that its Waterville building was enlarged. In 1914, at the beginning of the war period, many of its best hands left it to go into munition-making lines and the business began to drop off. The buildings were disposed of in 1916, the realty going to John W. Hard, who is the purchasing agent for the Chase interests. All the machinery and stock were sold to other concerns in this line of manufacture. In September, 19 17, the papers dissolving the corporation were filed with the secretary of state. THE WATERBURY INSTRUMENT COMPANY The Waterbury Instrument Company was incorporated in 191 5 for $25,000 and until 191 7 its work was done in the plant of the Waterbury Jewel Company. This year it was established as a separate concern and is now busy perfecting its reproducer for talking machines. Its product is not yet on the market. The officers are: President, C. H. W. Newton; secretary, Henry M. Werner; treas- urer, Joseph Wilhelm. THE WATERBURY ICE CORPORATION The Waterbury Ice Corporation was organized in 1902 with a capital of $15,000. Its first officers were Charles R. Vaill, president, and Charles B. Everett, secretary and treasurer. It was located on Brook Street until 191 5, and is now at 74 Watertown Avenue, where it has 500 feet frontage on the avenue with an average depth of 60 feet. With a spur track from the trolley line, it easily handles and stores the ice it cuts at Lake Quassaug. The plant has a capacity of 150 tons, with storage at the lake for 8,000 tons. The company uses twenty teams in warm weather for delivery, employing eighty people in the summer season. The company does 75 per cent of the ice business in Waterbury. THE SPRING LAKE ICE COMPANY The Spring Lake Ice Company has two large ice houses in Reedville, and is owned by George E. Storm. It furnishes over 20 per cent of the ice supply of Waterbury. THE HELLMAN BREWING COMPANY The Hellman Brewing Company, one of the three largest breweries in the state, was established in 1878 by Frederick Nuhn in a small building on its present site. In 1881 Martin Hellman and Michael Kipp bought the plant and erected the present main building, 5^2 stories high with a tower, used now for malt bins. In 1895 the business was enlarged by the addition of an ale plant and a two-story brick stable. The ale plant is three stories in height, 40 by 40. In 1901 the Hygeia ice plant was built. In 1916 storage cellars were added and this year a large addition is being built to the wash house. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY' 243 Martin Hellman, who had bought out his partner in 1889, died in 1895, and his widow. Mrs. Martin Hellman, incorporated the business with a capital of $50,000. The original officers were: President, Mrs. Martin Hellman; vice president, William Hellman; secretary and treasurer, William 1). Richardson. In [902 William Hellman died and his brother, Charles M. Hellman, took his place on the board. Mr. Richardson died in [914. The present officers are: President, Mrs. Martin Hellman; secretary and treasurer, Charles M. Hellman. In 1901 the plant of the Ilygeia Ice Company, part of the Hellman brewery, was built at 1095 Rank Street. It is equipped to manufacture ice from distilled water by what is known as the can system — that is, freezing the water in cans. It is sold only at wholesale and the greater part of its daily 60-ton output is bought by the Waterbury Ice Corporation. Till-; EAGLE BREWING COMPANY The Eagle Brewery was established in 1901 by Thomas Finnegan and Paul Suese. In 1902 it was taken over by Thomas H. Hayes and Mr. Finnegan and incorporated in July, 1903, for $25,000, with Thomas H. Hayes as president, and Thomas Finnegan, secretary. The present four-story main building, 150 by 80, was erected in 1902 and is used for the manufacture of ale, lager and porter. The brewery's capacity today is from 80,000 to 100,000 barrels a year. Thomas H. Hayes died April 11, 1913, and he was succeeded in the presidency by his widow, Mrs. Thomas H. Hayes, who still holds that position. In 191 7 a modern bottling shop, 100 by 50, was erected. Its officers today are: President, Mrs. Thomas H. Hayes; vice president. Thomas Finnegan; treasurer, Thomas E. Guest; assistant treasurer, Daniel J. Leary ; secretary, Michael T. Hayes. FEW MANUFACTURING LOSSES The record of industrial growth of the past quarter century has been marked by few removals of manufacturing plants. The additions, as the history shows, have been extensive. The Raird Machine Company, which was incorporated in July, 1894, moved its plant to Waterbury in 1900. At that time its president was J. H. Raird and its secretary John M. Hopkins. It remained here until 1912, erecting a factory in 1907 and 1908. In 191 1 it decided to move to Stratford, where it is now- located. It makes automatic machinery. The Manville Rrothers Company was organized in 1897 an -d incorporated by R. C, W. W. and G. H. Manville. The firm manufactured automatic machinery along lines similar to the output at present of the Rowbottom Machine Company, to whom the business was finally sold in 1912. In 1902 George H. Manville withdrew from the firm and organized the G. H. Manville Pattern and Model Company, which was incorporated in 191 3. The National Wire Mattress Company incorporated in Connecticut in Febru- ary, 1902, for $20,000, with R. B. Hill as president and William J. Fielding as treasurer. Its connections were such that in 1906 it decided to move to New Rritain, where it is now located and is known as the National Spring Bed Company. The Waterbury Crucible Company incorporated in Connecticut in November. [904, with a capital of $50,000. Its officers were: President, Edgar R. Seidel : treasurer, Levi S. Tenney of New York; secretary. F. S. Little of New York. 244 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY It was located at Meadow, corner of Benedict Street, where it had a two-story brick factory, size 51 by j6. In 1910 it decided to remove to Detroit to be nearer its trade. The Standard Electric Time Company manufacturers of self-winding clocks, regulators, electric tower clocks, electric time plants, was located at 23 Jefferson Street. The officers of the company were George L. Riggs, president ; J. J. Estabrook, secretary. In 1908 when E. H., B. B. and B. H. Bristol moved to Foxboro, Mass., they made this a part of their new business. It was then repurchased by George L. Riggs and associates, who moved it to Springfield, where it is now located. CHAPTER XXI THE MASONIC ORDER AND OTHER FRATERNITIES EARLY MASONIC HISTORY — HARMONY AND CONTINENTAL LODGES MASONIC CLUB— CLARK COMMANDERY — EUREKA CHAPTER, R. A. M. — WATERBURY COUNCIL, NO. 21 — THE WATERBURY MASONIC TEMPLE THE ODD FELLOWS — NOSAHOGAN LODGE — ENCAMPMENT AND CANTON — DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS -B. P. 0. ELKS — KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS — ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS — UNITED WORKMEN FORESTERS — LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE — HEPTASOPHS — EAGLES —RED MEN UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS WOODMEN AND OTHER FRATERNI- TIES — FRENCH, ITALIAN, SWEDISH AND GERMAN SOCIETIES — LABOR ORGANI- ZATIONS. The past twenty years in Waterbury have been remarkable for Masonic activity and Harmony Lodge has played a very important part in the wonder- ful growth of Masonry, thus continuing and developing the work begun by Worshipful Brother Byington and his associate workers and brethren 120 years ago, when the lodge was founded. The one hundredth anniversary found the craft enjoying their own quar- ters in Masonic Temple at 126 Bank Street, but in the disastrous fire which swept Waterbury February 2, 1902, this temple was totally destroyed. All property, jewels and furniture therein, except records and jewels in the vault. were lost. After the fire, the various Masonic bodies held meetings in St. John's parish house until a suitable hall could be found. Waterbury was rapidly rebuilt and arrangements were made for a hall to be laid out on the fourth floor of the Mullings Building at 95 Bank Street. It soon became apparent that these quar- ters were not large enough to accommodate the various Masonic bodies. The need of a new and properly equipped temple was evident to all, and the first step in this direction was taken in December, 1905. A by-law was then adopted by both Harmony Lodge, No. 42, and Continental Lodge, No. 76, F. & A. M., providing that the trustees of both of said lodges should constitute a joint board of trustees, to be known as the Masonic Building Fund Trustees, to care for and invest all funds received for the purpose of purchasing land and erecting and furnishing a temple thereon. The fund was started by an appropriation of $1,000 by each of the lodges, and other contributions were made from time to time. In 1908 a building committee, representing all bodies, was appointed and in the early part of the year 191 1 the homestead of Elisha Leavenworth became available as a possible site for the proposed temple. The executors of Mr. Leavenworth's will declined to divide the frontage on West Main Street, and as other parties were ready to purchase, prompt action was necessary. It was then that Almon C. Judd, Robert P. Lewis, John R. Flughes, Carl Munger and Albert Schumaker, all members of the craft, and enthusiastic workers for the new temple, came forward and purchased the entire frontage on West Main 245 246 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Street. These men then offered to convey to the Masonic building committee all or any part of said land without any advance in price, and the committee finally secured a site for the new temple at a price of $20,000. This met with instant approval, the money was raised in part by subscription and the full purchase price was paid over on July 1, 191 1. In the same year the members of the Masonic building committee recom- mended to the several bodies that a corporation without capital stock be formed under the statute laws of the State of Connecticut by incorporators, representing all the Masonic bodies of Waterbury, to take charge of the building of the temple. In accordance with this and other recommendations, each body appointed three of its members to act as incorporators, with full power and authority to act with the incorporators appointed by the other Masonic bodies in this city, in forming such a corporation. The incorporators met and organized the Waterbury Ma- sonic Temple Corporation, which erected and maintains this beautiful temple for the use, benefit and occupancy of the several orders of Masonry, situated within the Masonic jurisdiction of the Town of Waterbury. Until 1847 Harmony Lodge was the only Masonic organization in Waterbury, and until July 1, 1845, there was no other fraternity of any kind. Now, how- ever, there are within the original territory, five Masonic lodges, three chapters, a council, a commandery, and a lodge, council and chapter of the Scottish rite. Continental Lodge, No. 76, was formed in 1869. In the charter of Continental Lodge are the names of forty-nine brethren, one-half of whom were members of Harmony Lodge. From its origin 'to the present time Continental Lodge has enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity and the relations between it and its mother lodge have been of the most cordial and fraternal character, having made it possible for many enterprises to be carried out by them together. Among these might be mentioned the Masonic Board of Relief, the purchase of a burial lot and the erection of a monument in Riverside Cemetery, and co-operation with the other Masonic organizations in forming the Waterbury Masonic Temple Corporation. There have been seventy-one masters of Harmony Lodge in the 121 years of its existence, and there are now between fifty and sixty veterans of over thirty years' standing. Among its early members were eleven men who had served in the Revolutionary war, and from that time on, it has been represented in every war in which this country has engaged. There were four men in the war of 1812, two in the Mexican war, thirty in the Civil war, two in the Spanish war, and at least eighteen have answered the call of their country in the present emer- gency. Many of its members have filled high places in state and national govern- ments. Among these are George L. Lilley, governor of Connecticut and member of Congress; Stephen W. Kellogg, member of Congress for three terms; Joel Hinman, chief justice of the Supreme Court of Errors of the State of Connecticut ; Charles E. Turner, United States consul-general at Ottawa, Canada, and Henry I. Boughton, Henry F. Fish, George W. Benedict, Aner Bradley. Jr., John Ken- drick, Philo G. Rockwell, Joseph B. Spencer, George B. Thomas, William E. Thorns, Francis T. Reeves and John W. Webster were mayors of Waterbury. Many members have served as state senators and representatives and on various municipal boards of the city of Waterbury. Many prominent clergymen of various denominations have been members. Among them Rev. Joseph Anderson, D. D., pastor of the First Church in Waterbury for over forty years and a member of the corporation of Yale University, and Rev. F. D. Buckley, rector of Trinity Church for twenty-five years. MASONIC TEMPLE, WEST MAIN STREET, WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 247 In the fraternity itself many of its members have been called to fill high places of honor and esteem. Randolph B. Chapman was the grand master of the most worshipful Grand Lodge of Connecticut, John W. Paul was at one time grand secretary, the Rev. F. D. Buckley, grand chaplain. James Coer was grand senior deacon at the time of his death. James Callan was grand high priest. Grand Royal Arch Chapter. Frank H. Trowbridge was the most puissant grand master of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masons in Connecticut. Nathan Dikeman, John W. Paul, Frederick A. Spencer and Nelson J. Welton were grand commanders of the Grand Commandery of Connecticut. Nelson J. Welton and John R. Hughes were thirty-third degree Masons of A. A. S. R. Both Harmony and Continental Lodges now rank among the largest in the state. The membership of Harmony Lodge is 527 members, a gain of 65 during the present year. Continental Lodge has about the same number. The past masters of Harmony Lodge from 1893 to 1917 were: Ralph L. Bronson, Harry O. Miller, J. Ward B. Porter, Frederick E. Stanley, James P. Elliott, Eugene C. Adt, Randolph B. Chapman, Edward E. Bacon, John F. Morden. Adam Callan, Louis C. Chapman, Frank A. Alden, Walter G. Chapman, Robert S. Walker, William H. Callan, Frank J. Erbe, Ernest L. Green, Ernest F. Guil- ford, Irving W. Harrison, James B. Isherwood, Crayton F. Carpenter, Joseph Wilhelm, Clark H. W. Newton. The past masters of Continental Lodge from 1893 to 1917 have been: George E. Tompkins, William M. Cottle, William E. Norris, Hollis B. Bagg, William E. Brown, Edwin S. Babcock, Everett L. Starr, Frank E. Fenner, Charles M. Brooks. Jacob Kaiser, Joseph S. Neill, Walter D. Austin, George H. Crane, George G. Mullings, Edwin K. Diver, Samuel H. Patterson, Otto P. Armbruster, Louis E. Granger, Marshall F. Kloppenburg, William R. Keaveney, Leon H. Cummings, Richard S. Wood, Herman M. Turrell, Arthur T. Mayhew. The present officers of Harmony and Continental lodges follow : Harmony Lodge: Clark H. W. Newton, worshipful master; George S. Callan, senior warden; Alfred G. Germain, junior warden ; Irving W. Harrison, treasurer; John A. McKay, secretary; Leon A. Duley, senior deacon; I. Franklin Story, junior deacon; Ralph E. Day, senior steward; Frederick J. Willits, Jr., junior steward; Carlton B. Coe, chaplain; William H. Phillips, marshal; Crayton F. Car- penter; tyler. Continental Lodge : Arthur T. Mayhew, worshipful master ; John W. Potter, senior warden; Arthur A. Bradley, junior warden; Wilbur P. Bryan, treasurer; Franklin B. Daniels, secretary ; Burton A. Young, senior deacon ; Hubert L. Bas- sett, junior deacon; Frederick B. Peck, senior steward; James W. Abercrombie, junior steward; Rev. Charles E. Benedict, chaplain; Ralph T. Benedict, marshal; Henry H. Peck, tyler. The Masonic Club, a purely social organization, was organized on January 24, 1895, in the old Masonic Temple, 126 Bank Street. Its first officers were: President, George F. Hughes; vice presidents, J. W. B. Porter, Harry F. LaForge; secretary, George C. Curtiss ; treasurer, James W. Cone; board of managers. Ezra L.' Chapman, James Callan, H. T. Stedman, Wm. E. Norris. Howard G. Pinney, Jacob Kaiser. It was active in a social way until 1900 when it went out of existence. Its last officers were : Dr. T. F. Axtelle, president, and C. H. Rockwood, secretary and treasurer. For many years it has been evident to many observers that the interests of Freemasonry demand the establishment of another lodge in Waterbury and un- doubtedly the time has come when steps will be taken to bring this about. Both 248 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY lodges are so strong, relations between them so cordial, Masonic work in this city so plentiful, that it seems a most opportune time to form another lodge, one- half of the charter members to be drawn from Harmony Lodge and the other half from Continental Lodge. The movement is well under way and in the hands of men who have the best interests of Freemasonry at heart. CLARK COMMANDERY Clark Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar, constituted May 10, 1866, has continued its notable work throughout the past quarter century. The annual observance of Ascension Day is still one of the customs of the commandery. Services are held in one of the city churches, after which the graves of deceased knights are decorated with flowers. Its equipment for the rendering of the ritual is second to none in the jurisdiction. Its membership today is about 290. The following are the officers for 1917-1918. Marshall F. Kloppenburg, emi- nent commander; S. McLean Buckingham, generalissimo; Herbert L. Beardsley, captain general; John L. Scott, prelate; Charles A. Templeton, senior warden; Robert V. Magee, junior warden; Wilbur P. Bryan, treasurer; George H. Crane, recorder; James W. Abercrombie, standard bearer; Fenton F. Niver, sword bearer; Howard F. Moody, warden; Charles W. Hotchkiss, sentinel; Ernest A. Andersen, third guard; Franklin A. Wells, second guard; Cleaveland D. Wilson, first guard ; Carl E. Munger, Nelson J. Welton, J. Richard Smith, trustees ; Carl E. Munger, Nelson J. Welton, Henry H. Peck, trustees Clark Good Will Fund; Almon C. Judd, commissary; Franklin B. Daniels, drill master; Frederick C. Marggraff, instructor of ritual and work. The past commanders of Clark Commandery since 1893 are: Fred A. Spencer, Alfred J. Shipley, Wm. G. Smith, Elliott E. Candee, George C. Curtiss, J. W. B. Porter, Carl E. Munger, Fred E. Stanley, W. P. Bryan, John B. Ebbs, Benjamin L. Coe, Joseph H. Woodward, John R. Hughes, Charles M. Brooks, Frederick C. Marggraff, Franklin B. Daniels, John L. Scott, Wm. R. Keaveney, Paul Klimpke, W. L. Babcock, Marshall Kloppenburg. \ EUREKA CHAPTER, NO. 22, R. A. M. Eureka Chapter, organized in the town of Oxford, October 12, 1826, removed to Waterbury November 2, 1847, has now in 1917 a membership of 350. This is a growth from 216 in 1895. The 1917 officers are as follows: John E. Porzen- heim. excellent high priest ; Edward W. Johnson, king ; Louis C. Chapman, scribe ; Wilbur P. Bryan, treasurer; George E. Irion, secretary; Louis E. Granger, C. of H. ; George J. Munson, P. S. ; Frederick W. Davis, R. A. C. ; I. Franklin Story, 3 V. ; Harry J. Rider, 2 V. ; Clarence F. McKay, 1 V. ; Charles W. Hotch- kiss, sentinel ; trustees, Alfred J. Shipley, Carl E. Munger. The past high priests of Eureka Chapter, from 1893 t0 I 9 I 7» are: James Cal- lan, Alfred J. Shipley, Eldridge E. Candee, William E. Norris, Elliott E. Candee, Carl E. Munger, William E. Thorns, Charles M. Brooks, Henry F. Marendaz, Eugene C. Adt, Joseph S. Neill, Walter C. Bon, Frank E. Beardsley, John J. Gailey, William E. Brown, Harry A. Richardson, W. L. Babcock, Wm. R. Kea- veney, Frank Mitchell, Thomas D. Prescott, Roberts G. Hannegan, Harry P. Sanderson, Alpheus E. Betts, John E. Porzenheim. WATERBURY COUNCIL, NO. 21, R. & S. M. Waterbury Council, No. 21, R. & S. M., was constituted March 21, 1853. In 1895 it had a membership of 245. Its roster today is nearly 325. Its present WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 249 officers are: Edward W. Johnson, thrice illustrious master; Crayton F. Carpen- ter, Rt. 111. D. M. ; Arthur W. Robbins, P. C. & W. ; Wilbur P. Bryan, treasurer ; George E. Irion, recorder; Louis C. Chapman, C. of G. ; Ralph E. Day, conductor; William H. Miller, steward; Charles W. Hotchkiss, sentinel; trustees, Alfred J. Shipley, Carl E. Munger, W. L. Babcock. The following are the thrice illustrious masters of Waterbury Council from 1893 to 1917; Frank H. Trowbridge, James Callan, R. R. Bird, Fred E. Stanley, Eugene C. Adt, Joseph S. Neill, Walter H. Ruggles, Walter C. Bon, George C. Curtiss, Harry J. Beardsley, Charles H. Swenson, Harry A. Richardson, Win. E Brown, Wm. R. Keaveney, W. L. Babcock, Thomas D. Prescott, Frederick C. Marggraff, Frank Mitchell, Frederick M. Davis. John E. Porzenheim, Edward W. Johnson. Doric Lodge of Perfection, which confers from the fourth to the fourteenth degrees, Ionic Council, Princes of Jerusalem, which gives the fifteenth and six- teenth degrees, and Corinthian Chapter, Rose Croix, seventeenth and eighteenth degrees, were all chartered September 23, 1897. The 191 7 officers of these Ma- sonic bodies are as follows : Doric Lodge of Perfection: Robert S. Walker, thrice potent master; Freder- ick W. Chesson, deputy master; Charles A. Templeton, senior warden; Charles M. Brooks, junior warden; Carlton B. Coe, orator; Almon C. Judd, secretary ; Willis M. Hall, treasurer; George C. Curtiss, master of ceremonies; Alpheus E. Betts, guard; Alfred J. Shipley, hospitaler; Charles W. Hotchkiss, tyler. Ionic Council, Princes of Jerusalem: Robert H. Batton, sovereign prince; Clark H. W. Newton, high priest; Arthur B. Buckman, senior warden; Hiram L. Kilborn, junior warden; Willis M. Hall, treasurer; Almon C. Judd, secretary; George W. Seeton, master of ceremonies; John E. Porzenheim, master of en- trances ; Alfred J. Shipley, hospitaler ; Charles W. Hotchkiss, tyler. Corinthian Chapter of Rose Croix : Howard F. Moody, most wise master ; Harry B. Sanderson, senior warden; Ralph E. Day, junior warden; Benjamin L. Coe, orator ; Willis M. Hall, treasurer ; Almon C. Judd, secretary ; George C. Cur- tiss, master of ceremonies; Alfred J. Shipley, hospitaler; Albert I. Chatfield, guard ; Charles W. Hotchkiss, tyler. Xaomi Chapter, No. 23, Order of Eastern Star, which was instituted September 12, 1879, an d constituted October 8, 1879, has the following officers in 1917: Catherine Goppelt, worthy matron; Louis E. Granger, worthy patron; Lura K. Richardson, associate matron; Jennie Marggraff, secretary; Sarah A. Patchen, treasurer; Margaret Moore, conductress; Lena S. Perkins, associate conductress; Charlotte Hannegan, chaplain ; Nellie E. Candee, marshal ; Clara H. Wirth, organ- ist ; Elizabeth Huber, Adah ; Blanche L. Heebner, Ruth ; Mary E. Woodcock, Esther ; Ereena T. Callender, Martha ; Charlotte Abercrombie, Electa ; Louis C. Chapman, sentinel; Susie H. Granger, warder. Evergreen Court, No. 2, Order of Amaranth, which was chartered April 22, 1910, has the following officers for 1917 : Daysie Perry, royal matron ; E. K. Diver, royal patron ; Elizabeth Booth, associate royal matron ; Grace R. White, secretary ; Elizabeth Hengeveld, treasurer; Mary Woodcock, conductress; Katherine Turrell. associate conductress. The Waterbury Masonic Aid Association, which was instituted July 16, 1896, has the following officers for 191 7: Louis E. Granger, president; Ferdinand Wolff, vice president; George C. Curtiss, treasurer; Raymond H. Ryder, secretary. Directors, Ernest H. Horn, Charles W. Hotchkiss, Harry A. Richardson, Fer- dinand Wolff, Charles E. Schlier. Sick visiting committee, Harry A. Richardson, George O. Monroe. 250 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Kellogg- Lodge, No. 5, F. & A. M., an organization of colored Masons, was organized October 12, 1874. Its officers at present are : Worshipful master, A. H. Gatling; senior warden, W. W. Holland; junior warden, A. J. Darrow ; secretary, C. C. Fowler; treasurer, W. H. Costen; tyler, S. Norwood. THE WATERBURY MASONIC TEMPLE The Masonic Temple, specially designed and planned for the use of the fra- ternity, is really two buildings erected at right angles to each other. The West Main street front building is 26 by 100 feet, four stories high, and is located directly opposite the Soldiers Monument. On the first floor is the main entrance, a large lobby, corridor, and the incorporators' room. The general library and reading rooms occupy the entire second floor, and the various lodge parlors and social rooms are on the third and fourth floors. The rear portion contains a fire-proof stair and elevator tower. The main building is 70 by no feet, and extends from the rear of the stair tower across to Park Place, opposite the Y. M. C. A. gymnasium. It contains four halls, with all necessary anterooms and conveniences. A large auditorium, known as Temple Hall, beautifully decorated and furnished, is on the first floor. It has a large stage, gallery, kitchen, several dressing rooms and six exits. It will seat about nine hundred people, and is considered the best equipped and most acces- sible hall for public use in the city. It is intended for a banquet hall for large Masonic gatherings as well as a source of revenue. The second floor, which is on the same level as the third floor of the front build- ing, is divided into two lodge rooms, one 27^ by 50 feet, and one 37 by 65 feet. These are used by the two blue lodges, chapter, council and orders of the Eastern Star and the Amaranth. The commandery asylum, 50 by 58, is on the third floor, and this room, which has a pipe organ and a large stage, is also used by the Scottish rite bodies. The Temple is owned and controlled by the fraternity through the Water- bury Masonic Temple Corporation, a corporation without capital stock, organized under the laws of the State of Connecticut June 29, 191 1, by the following incor- porators, representing all the Masonic bodies of Waterbury : Harmony Lodge, No. 42, F. & A. M., Robert S. Walker, Albert Schumaker, Rev. F. D. Buckley. Continental Lodge, No. 76, F. & A. M., Nelson J. Welton, H. H. Peck, F. B. Daniels. Eureka Chapter, No. 22, R. A. M., E. C. Adt, G. G. Mullings, W. L. Bab- cock. Waterbury Council, No. 21, R. & S. M., W. R. Keaveney, G. C. Curtiss, James Callan. Clark Commandery, No. 7, K. T., J. R. Smith, B. L. Coe, Carl E. Munger. Doric Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R., J. R. Hughes. F. C. Marggrarr, M. F. Kloppenburg. Ionic Council, Princes of Jerusalem, A. A. S. R., Robert P. Lewis, J. K. Smith, J. M. Woodward. Corinthian Chapter, Rose Croix, A. A. S. R., Almon C. Judd, John B. Ebbs, Willis M. Hall. The corner stone of the new temple was laid on Saturday, August 10, 1912, at 3 130 in the afternoon by M. W. Justin Holden, grand master of Masons in Connecticut, assisted by his associate grand officers. The ceremony of laying the stone was in accordance with the ancient Masonic custom and the exercises WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 251 included appropriate addresses by members of the craft and singing by the Ma- sonic choir of Waterbury. There were a large number of Masons present from all parts of Connecticut, and the event was one of the most impressive of its kind ever held in Waterbury and will long be remembered by all who witnessed it. Thirty-six lodges were represented and ten thirty-third degree Masons were present when the stone was laid. The stone contains a large number of historical documents, coins and medals, many of which had once before been deposited in a corner stone, that of the old temple on Bank Street, which was destroyed by the great fire of 1902, and recov- ered when the stone was taken from the ruins. The temple was informally opened by the Waterbury Masonic Temple Cor- poration on Tuesday evening, March 24, 1914, and hundreds of the members of the fraternity visited the building and inspected their new home for the first time. The first meeting in the temple for Masonic work was held by Harmony Lodge in the memorial lodge room on Thursday evening, March 26, 1914. The E. A. degree was conferred upon one candidate in the presence of a very large gathering. The temple was dedicated May 23, 1914, by M. W. Grand Master Edgar H. Parkman, assisted by his associate grand lodge officers in the presence of a large number of the brethren. A beautiful bronze medal was made to commemorate the dedication of the temple. The dies were cut by Alpheus E. Betts of Harmony Lodge and were presented to the corporation by him. The medals were also presented to the corporation by members of the fraternity employed by the Waterbury branches of the American Brass Company, where the metal was made and rolled. The present officers of the Temple Corporation are : Vice president and treas- urer, Robert S. Walker ; secretary, Willis M. Hall ; owing to death of N. J. Wel- ton, there is at present a vacancy in the presidency. Directors, George C. Curtiss, Franklin B. Daniels, Willis M. Hall, John R. Hughes, Almon C. Judd, Carl E. Munger, Henry H. Peck, Albert Schumaker, John R. Smith, Robert S. Walker. THE ODD FELLOWS The Independent Order of Odd Fellows is, next to the Masonic order, the oldest and strongest of the secret fraternal orders in Waterbury. Nosahogan Lodge, No. 21, now has a membership of 940, and one of its members, George M. Chapman, is at present at the head of the order in the state. Nosahogan Lodge celebrated both its fiftieth and its seventieth anniversaries in the last quarter century, both celebrations being the occasion of a large state gathering. It was organized July 1, 1845. Together with Townsend Lodge it has now entertained the Grand Lodge of the state three times since 1892, and will again entertain it in 1918. In 1892 George H. Cowell, a member of Nosahogan Lodge, was grand master. The next meeting of the Grand Lodge was held in 1898, when John Blair, another member of Nosahogan Lodge, was retiring from the office of grand master. It met again in Waterbury in 1910, when Wm. E. Thorns was grand master. In 1918 it will hold a session in Waterbury, George M. Chapman, grand master and a member of Townsend Lodge, closing his term as head of the order in the state. Nosahogan Lodge has had the honor of having ten of its members in the mayoralty chair. Of the later ones this includes former Mayors Reeves, Thorns, Bradley, Webster, Barlow, and Mayor-Elect Sandland. Judges Kellogg and Bur- 252 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY pee of the Superior Court are prominent members. Former Chief of Police E<*an and the present chief, Geo. M. Beach, are enthusiastic members of Nosahogan Lodge. One of the most beneficent features of Nosahogan Lodge is its mutual aid association. This was instituted on May 2, 1884, and pays death benefits of $250 to widows of deceased members, and pays sick benefits of $6 weekly for thirteen weeks. In 1906 its method of assessment was altered and is now graded according to age. On December 10, 1917, all its bills were paid and it had in the treasury $5,761.33. It paid out in 1917 $1,471. Its officers are: President, Herbert J. Phillips; secretary, George M. Egan ; treasurer, Homer G. Filley. The present officers of Nosahogan Lodge are : Noble grand, Lester J. Smith ; vice grand, Robert Gardner ; recording secretary, R. C. Frink ; financial secretary, Wm. H. Lowe; treasurer, Peter B. Reeves; board of trustees, Francis T. Reeves, W. J. Larkin, F. C. Fromm. The past noble grands of Nosahogan Lodge since 1893 are as follows : Herbert J. Phillips, Seron Decker, William J. Larkin, Charles H. Tomlinson, Frederick E. Cross, William B. Kelsey, John H. Guernsey, Charles H. Keach, John J. Sie- bert, Edward L. Bronson, Charles P. Haight, William A. Chase, William E. Thorns, Charles F. Pierson, Clayton M. Andrews, Peter B. Reeves, Adam Callan, Addison A. Ashborn, Albert H. Mills, William E. Wildman, Franklin B. Fischer, W. M. Ashborn, G. T. Fuller, James A. Callan, Edmund B. Stocking, O. P. Arm- bruster, F. C. Fromm, John H. Morrow, C. H. Granger, H. C. Dews, C. E. Mann, A. F. Ells, E. S. Ross, H. R. Dews, R. C. Frink, F. B. Williams, W. J. Pettis, Geo. Delevieleuse, Jr., Geo. A. Smith, F. A. Hungerford, H. J. Reynolds, R. C. Perry, F. E. Hanchett, H. G. Reynolds, A. B. Phillips, Edward Shepard, Lester J. Smith. Townsend Lodge, No. 89, I. O. O. F., was organized January 1, 1872, by a group of members from Nosahogan Lodge. In 1895 its membership was 339. It is today, 19 17, 860. The present officers are as follows: Noble grand, Louis F. Marggraff; vice grand, Louis F. Hine ; recording secretary, Colin F. Wilson ; financial secretary, George M. Chapman; treasurer, Henry A. Hoadley. Ansantawae Encampment, No. 20, I. O. O. F., was organized September 25, 1853. Today its membership is 575, consisting of members of both Odd Fellow lodges who expressed a desire to take higher degrees in the order. Its officers for 1917 are: Chief Patriarch, Louis F. Hine; high priest, John H. Schaff ; senior warden, O. Perry; junior warden, William McKee ; scribe, William H. Lowe; treasurer, Peter B. Reeves. Canton T. R. Martin, No. 8, Patriarchs Militant, I. O. O. F., which is the uniformed rank of the order, was named after its first commander, November 16, 1893, although it had been instituted on May 30, 1883, first as the Ives Degree Camp, No. 9, and later, March 31, 1886, as Canton Waterbury. It now has a membership of no. Its present officers are: Captain. Karl L. Winter; lieu- tenant, Louis Marggraff; ensign, Louis Wenzel; clerk, Robert A. Babcock; accountant, G. A. Stafstrom. On June 15, 1892, Winona Lodge, No. 8, of the Daughters of Rebekah was instituted with Mrs. Elizabeth Geddes as first noble grand. On January 1, 1893, its membership was over one hundred. It today has a membership of nearly three hundred. The officers at present are : Noble grand, Winona Russell ; vice grand, Mrs. Margarite Maxwell; recording secretary, Mrs. Ida Wildman; finan- cial secretary, Mrs. Ada Reeves; treasurer, Mrs. Tillie Cleveland. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 253 The Odd Fellows Hall Association holds meetings the third Friday in Janu- ary, April, July and October. The president is W. J. Larkin ; secretary and treasurer, F. W. Tate. These are the activities of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In addition there is a lodge known as Loyal Pride of the Valley, Xo. 7223, I. O. O. F., Manchester Unit} - , which was instituted September 30, 1893. Its present officers are: Noble grand, James Pheden; vice grand, Anthony Carabina; P. S., George Holton; treasurer, George S. Fields. The Odd Fellow lodge organized by colored men is known as Brass City Lodge, No. 3049, Grand United Order of Odd Fellows, organized November iO. 1888. Its present officers are : N. G., A. Wooders ; P. S., J. B. Lassiter ; treasurer, Shepard Mnnn ; P. N., F. W. W. Holland; N. F., Isaac Broman. Household of Ruth, No. 799, G. U. O. of O. F., which is the woman's adjunct of the Brass City Lodge, was organized November 2^, 1892, and at present has the following officers: M., N. G. Ella McKinney ; P. M., N. G. Vandellia Louther; prelate, Susan Brown ; W. R., Henrietta Hatcher ; treasurer, J. Edward Jones. The Odd Fellows Hall was dedicated October 15, 1895, celebrating the ending of a half century of existence of the order in Waterbury. The association was organized in June, 1892, with Past Grand Master George H. Cowell as president; Past Grand John Blair, vice president; Past Grand Casimir H. Bronson, secre- tary, and Henry T. Stedman, treasurer. A charter was granted and the capital stock, placed at $40,000, was soon subscribed. One of the first acts of the asso- ciation was the purchase of the property owmed and occupied by the Second Congregational Society at the east end of the Green and in 1894 a board of directors and a building committee were elected to carry out the building project. The directors were George H. Cowell, Henry T. Stedman, David B. Wilson, Jay H. Hart, Benjamin L. Coe, Herbert W. Lake, James S. Gailey, Henry L. Wade, John Blair, Albert I. Chatfield, Thomas D. Barlow, Henry W. French, Casimir H. Bronson, Frederick E. Cross. The building committee consisted of George H. Cowell, Albert I. Chatfield, Herbert W. Lake. The plans were drawn by Wil- fred E. Griggs, a member of the order. The corner stone was laid November 27, 1894, and the building was dedicated October 15, 1895. It is well to chronicle again the fact that in October, 1892, the Odd Fellows Home for Aged and Infirm Members was opened in New London, a result of the efforts of Grand Master George H. Cowell, of Waterbury, who made the first contribution of $500. On April 21, 1895, what was known as Connecticut Lodge, No. 6, International Order of Odd Fellows, was organized as a Catholic branch of the Odd Fellows. It began with a membership of 34, and with D. H. Tierney as its first noble grand. The growth was slow and the flow of Catholic membership towards the Knights of Columbus compelled its promoters to dissolve it in 1902. Its last officers were : Noble grand, Michael Driscoll; vice grand, Thomas Donahue; recording secre- tary, John S. Neagle ; corresponding secretary, John J. Geraghty ; treasurer, Daniel E. Cronin. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS Speedwell Lodge, No. 10, K. of P., is still one of the banner lodges of the state, a reputation it acquired at the state encampment held in Waterbury in September, 1894. Out of this lodge has come a group of notable Pythian activities, both in the way of splendid beneficiary work and also of military training in the uniformed rank. The membership of the order in Waterbury today is placed at over 2,000. 254 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The officers of Speedwell Lodge at present are : Chancellor commander, Edwin E. Fry; vice chancellor, Wm. Klebes; prelate, Frank P. Dews; master of works, C. Rockwell Clyne ; keeper of record and seals, Frank J. Ogden ; master of finance, Frank M. Treat; master of exchequer, Clifford Wells; master of arms, Benjamin Port ; inner guard, George Wells ; outer guard, Harry Upson ; physician, Dr. Ed- ward Kirschbaum ; trustees, Dr. Fred Marggraff, George Wells, Edward Wells. Speedwell Lodge on December 10 had 287 members. The Pythian Aid Association of Speedwell Lodge is now in its twenty-fifth year of existence. It pays $5 a week sick benefit, and $100 death benefit. It has 125 members. Its officers are: President, George H. W r ells; secretary, E. R. Snagg; treasurer, Edward B. Condet. The past chancellor commanders of Speedwell Lodge, Knights of Pythias, from 1893 to 191 7 are as follows : George W. Kinney, James A. Knox, Clyde M. Howard, Wm. E. Thorns, Wm. R. Hitchcock, John A. Hitchcock, Lewis M. Hol- land, Ed. B. Condet, Benjamin Fairclough, Arthur J. Leonard, Frederick C. Marg- graff, G. Fred Moore, P. Besancon, George F. Lancaster, Arthur M. lies, Ralph Stoddard, Robert Babcock, Frank L. Snagg, Wallace Duxbury, Dr. Edward H. Kirschbaum, Joseph G. Kirschbaum. Comstock Lodge, No. 13, K. of P., was instituted October 30, 1883. Its officers at present are : Chancellor commander, James Miller ; keeper of record and seals, Martin L. Wiegner; master of finance, Nelson F. Thomas; master of ex- chequer, George E. Petit jean. The past chancellor commanders of Comstock Lodge since 1893 are as fol- lows : Charles S. Bradley, J. C. Lang, W. W. McLennan, John M. Newell, John Houston, F. S. Phelps, W. H. Black, Charles Manville, Leon L. Hall, Percy D. Petitjean, Leonard S. Tenney, Carl Kilborn, Charles S. Townsend, Adam Wilkie, James Miller. Good Will Lodge, No. 53, K. of P., in Waterville, was instituted April 30, 1894. Its officers at present are: Chancellor commander, William Bower; keeper of record and seals, Charles H. Draper; master of exchequer, Joseph A. Gagnon; master of finance, Newell Porch. Magnolia Lodge, No. 60, K. of P., was instituted May 13, 1896. Its officers at present are : Chancellor commander, Wm. P. Jones ; keeper of record and seals, H. S. Miller ; master of finance, John C. Clarke ; master of exchequer, Charles Drubva. The Uniformed Rank, Knights of Pythias, now has its state headquarters in Waterbury, with George E. Petitjean brigade commander, Col. Martin L. Wiegner, assistant adjutant general, and Col. William Tysoe, assistant quarter- master general. This change of headquarters to Waterbury was made in 19 16. There is under the brigade commander in this part of the state the second regiment, which consists of the companies from Salisbury, Torrington, Bristol, Waterbury, Meri- den, Waterville. In 1909 when it was organized as a regiment, its first colonel was L. L. Hall. He was succeeded in 1912 by George E. Petitjean, who remained in command until 1916. The second regiment now has the following officers: Colonel, Fred Gauthier, Hartford; lieutenant colonel, Nelson F. Thomas; major first battalion, Christian Hanson, Hartford; major second battalion, Charles H. Draper; adjutant lieutenant, D. Brooks Rubin; quartermaster lieutenant, John Wheeler. The two Waterbury companies are officered as follows: E. F. Durand Company, No. 11, Uniformed Rank, K. P., was instituted April 1, 1890. The present officers are: Captain, Frank J. Ogden; first lieu- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 255 tenant, Joseph T. Dick; second lieutenant, Frank T. Dews; treasurer, Albert C. Kaecher; recorder, Wallace Duxbury. The past captains of E. F. Durand Div. U. R., K. P. from 1893 to I 9 I 7 were: F. R. White, C. L. Chapelle, Charles Schmidt, Frank J. Ogden, Edward J. Schuyler, Wilfred L. Snow, F. B. F. Wallace, Ernest C. Colby. Waterbury Company. Xo. 20. U. R., K. P., was instituted .May 3, 1894. Its officers at present arc: Captain, Wade S. Manville; first lieutenant, Adam Wilkie ; second lieutenant. S. G. MacDonald; recorder. Martin L. Wiegner; treasurer, Eli G. Main. The past captains of Waterbury Company, U. R., K. P., 1894 to 1917 are: ( .eorge E. Petitjean. Wm. R. Keaveney, David Miller, Frank R. White, M. L. Wiegner, Jean Ingraham, George A. Pouard, Nelson F. Thomas, Loren S. Chase, Wade S. Manville. The following are the officers of Waterville Company, U. R., K. of P. : (Dap- tain, L. L. Northrop ; first lieutenant, Howard C. Post ; second lieutenant, William Draper ; recorder, Joseph Davis ; treasurer, Charles H. Draper. Section No. 3275, Insurance Department, K. of P., was instituted September, 1896. The president is William H. Strickland ; secretary and treasurer, Martin L. Wiegner. Myrtle Temple, Pythian Sisters, has the following officers : M. of R. and C, Minnie Hitchcock; M. of F., Charlotte Harmon. Ivy Temple, No. 5, Pythian Sisters, has the following officers : M. E. C. Mrs. Adelia Fields; M. of R. and C, Mrs. L. Dutton; M. of F., Mrs. Lottie Petitjean. Section 248, Endowment Rank, K. of P., was instituted in 1892. Its presi- dent from 1893 to I 9°9 was Joseph H. Somers. After that date, all the official work has been looked after by its secretary and treasurer, Henry Baumgartner. Its membership is small. Friedrich Wilhelm Lodge, Knights of Pythias, organized in 1876, was a thriving German Lodge in 1893. It was dissolved in 1901, and its members joined other lodges of the order. Its past chancellor commanders from 1893 to 1901 were: P. Meerlaender, Charles Schmidt, Otto Haude, M. Vogt, E. Ker- sten, C. E. Hassler, O. Tuebner, Frank Deharde. WATERBURY LODGE, B. P. O. ELKS The Order of Elks was instituted in 1867, by a few members of the theatrical profession, drawn together for social intercourse. It has developed into a wide- spread and powerful order of benevolence and charity, with lodges in over two hun- dred and twenty-five of the principal cities of the Union. Nearly all of the rep- utable male members of theatrical profession are members of the order, and on its roll of membership will be found the names of prominent officials, merchants, bankers, journalists, legal and medical men and bright lights of the world in art, literature and music. Waterbury Lodge was instituted on June 15, 1893. It was the sixth Elk lodge organized in Connecticut. The charter members numbered thirty-four and the first officers of the lodge were as follows : Exalted ruler, Michael J. Colloty; esteemed leading knight, William Hellmann; esteemed loyal knight, Ed- ward J. Starr; esteemed lecturing knight, John F. Holohan ; secretary, Joseph A. Cullen ; treasurer. James E. Watts ; esquire, William D. Richardson ; tyler, Edward E. Harvey ; chaplain. Thomas J. Moran ; organist, John H. Christie ; inner guard, William T. Carroll ; trustees, David T. Mack, David David, William Johnson. It furnished a suite of rooms at 108 Bank Street, where it held its meetings and 256 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY its affairs until the fire of 1902 completely destroyed its effects. For three years it had rooms in the Waterbury Trust Company Building, but in 1909 it raised the funds for the purchase of the Curtiss Home on West Main Street. In 1910 it built its beautiful home back of the old residence, and the dedication exercises were attended by notable Elks from all over the country. In 1914 Truman S. Lewis offered the club $16,000 for the complete interior renovating of the old building and its outfitting. When the work was completed, the cost amounted to $26,100, and Mr. Lewis insisted on making this the amount of his donation. This included the new bowling alleys and tennis courts. Its present officers are : Exalted ruler, Truman S. Lewis ; secretary, Edward F. Moran; treasurer, Maurice C. Culhane; tyler, John F. Griffin. The following is a list of the past exalted rulers: Michael J. Colloty, William D. Richardson, Christopher Strobel, Richard F. Grady, Edward L. Maloney, John H. Cassidy, James E. Madigan, William H. Johnston, William J. Spain, Acly W. Castle, Charles A. Jackson, Lewis M. Holland, William J. Shannahan, Thomas B. Carney, Harry J. Cook, Milton V. Medling, Andrew D. Dawson. KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS The Knights of Columbus, a fraternal and beneficent society of Catholic men, was founded in New Haven February 2, 1882, by Father M. J. McGivney, a Waterbury man, whose grave in St. Joseph's Cemetery has become a shrine for members of the order from all over the country. The purpose of the society is thus stated : "To develop a practical Catholicity among its members, to promote Catholic education and charity, and through its insurance department, to furnish at least temporary financial aid to the families of deceased members." Waterbury's two councils have been heavy contributors to all the national movements of the order, including the gift of $50,000 for the endowment of a chair of American history in the Catholic university in Washington, and the fund for the monument to Columbus at Washington. Sheridan Council of Waterbury was one of the twenty-five highest donors to the university fund which was formally presented April 14, 1904. On April 27, 1885, steps were taken to organize the first Waterbury Council of the order, and on May 3, the initiation took place in the G. A. R. Hall. The first officers were: Cornelius Maloney, grand knight; M. F. Connolly, deputy grand Knight; J. A. Hynes, recording secretary; Matthew Kennedy, treasurer; W. F. Dillon, lecturer; T. D. Healy, advocate; J. J. Donegan, warden; T. F. Butler, outside guard; D. J. Mahaney, inside guard; J. H. Fruin, H. D. Smythe, assistant guards; D. J. Gaynor, J. J. Egan, W. E. Buckley, trustees; J. J. Neville, physician. Sheridan Council had grown to such an extent that on February 3, 1886, the first move was made to organize a new council to be known as Carrolton Council. On March 24, 1886, in Sheridan Hall, East Main Street, the new coun- cil was instituted, the degrees conferred and the officers installed by District Deputy Cornelius Maloney. The following were the first officers and members of the new council: J. A. Moran, grand knight; D. H. Tierney, deputy grand knight; M. H. Brennan, chancellor; George Byrnes, recording secretary; T. F. Jackson, financial secretary; D. T. Hart, treasurer; M. F. Spellman, warden; M. J. Jordan, inside guard ; J. H. Kilduff, outside guard ; Dr. E. W. McDonald, physician ; D. H. McGraw, Robert McGrath, W. S. Jones, J. E. Watts, John J. Jackson, Peter Lamb, D. H. Buckley, A. J. McMahon. WATERBURY AND THE N'AUGATUCK VALLEY 257 This was dissolved May 6, 1895, and its members at once affiliated with Sher- idan Council. On December 16, 1888, Sheridan Council moved from G. A. R. Hall to St. Patrick's Hall, going- two years later to Pythian Hall. In 1896 it met in Elks Hall in the Jones-Morgan Building, and January 1, 1902, moved to Knights of Columbus Hall at 43 East Main Street, where it is now domiciled and where its social adjunct, the Columbus Club, occupies the floor below its meeting place. The past grand knights of Sheridan Council are as follows: Cornelius Ma- loney, J. J. McDonald, B. F. Reid, J. A. Moran, J. D. Bolan, J. W. Wigmore, J. W. McDonald, J. E. Smith, T. F. Donovan, J. A. Hynes, E. J. Finn, Lucien Wolff, John J. Galvin, P. II. Real, Charles E. Finley, E. J. Real, Thomas B. Carney, Dr. D. J. Donahue, M. J. Carney, John L. Gaffney, Wm. F. Moher. Its membership now is approximately five hundred. The present officers are : Grand knight, John L. Gaffney; deputy grand knight, Timothy F. Barry; recording secretary, William F. Guilfoile; financial secretary, Thomas F. Behan. On August 10, 1887, in the hall of Sheridan Council, the third council, which was known as Barcelona Council, No. 42, was instituted and officers in- stalled as follows by District Deputy Cornelius Maloney : Grand knight, fohn F. Bossidy ; deputy grand knight, Thomas Kane ; financial secretary, J. J. Madden ; recording secretary, Jeremiah Crowley; treasurer, Wm. C. McDonald; warden, Wm. J. Delaney; inside guard, Thomas Bergin; outside guard, Thomas Fleming; physician, Dr. J. F. Hayes. The members of Barcelona Council joined with Sheridan members in organ- izing the Columbus Club. In 1917 Barcelona's principal officers were: Grand knight, William F. Ryan ; recording secretary, Thomas Dodds ; financial secretary, Michael F. Conlon; treasurer, Walter E. Monagan. There have been two other councils, Hendricken, established in 1899 and dis- solved in 1909, and Mulcahy Council, established in 1900 and dissolved in 1910. Both were active for a time, but the membership was finally merged with both Sheridan and Barcelona Councils. The first annual pilgrimage to the grave of Father McGivney. founder of the order of the Knights of Columbus, took place June 10, 1900. Sheridan entered heartily into the affair, and on June 10 visiting knights from New York, Brook- lyn and many places in Connecticut, with their friends to the number of about five thousand came to Waterbury. The local councils prepared for them on a grand scale, and this everft was one of the most memorable in the history of the order. New and increased interest was taken in the Knights of Columbus at once, and as a result, the old councils received a number of new members. The second annual pilgrimage of the Knights of Columbus to the grave of the founder of the order, Rev. M. J. McGivney, took place June 10, 1901. The insurance feature has been greatly altered since the inception of the society. At present it is confined to three classes, one, two and three thousand, and payments are made by assessment and according to age. Columbus Club occupies the greater part of the third floor at 43 East Main Street. This has been finely furnished, has billiard and pool tables, a complete library, and files of many newspapers and magazines. It is now five years old. Its first officers were: President, Charles J. Finley; secretary, Frank J. Hogan ; treasurer, Edward J. Real. Its present officers are: President, T. F. Barry; secretary, Paul Schultze ; treasurer, Raymond F. Downey. The Knights of Columbus in December, 1917, raised $35,000 for the order's Vol. 1—17 258 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY national "camp" fund, which is to be used along the lines of the Y. M. C. A. for the benefit of the boys in the army. ANCIENT ORDER OF HIBERNIANS In 1895 the Ancient Order of Hibernians with a membership of 1,600 was operating in five divisions, all of which held meetings in St. Patrick's Hall. Their presidents were : Division No. 1, James E. Finley ; Division No. 2, John M. Lynch ; Divison No. 3, James P. Morris; Division No. 4, John H. Moran; Division No. 5, M. Doran. These had been organized respectively in 1874, 1884, 1886, 1888 and the fifth on October 12, 1893. In 1898 the growth had been such that a sixth division was organized with John H. Powers as president, Patrick K. Finnan as recording secretary, Charles E. McDonald as financial secretary, and J. H. Mulville as treasurer. Meeting places had again been changed, Divisions 2, 4 and 5 meeting in Hibernian Hall at 73 East Main Street. The first and sixth met at G. A. R. Hall, and the third in Congress Hall. In 1903 the interest in the order was at its highest, and a ladies' auxiliary was formed, with Margaret Crane as president, Mary Cavanaugh as vice president, Annie Meara as recording secretary, Mary Halpin as financial secretary, and Mary Phelan as treasurer. In 1904. Company E, Hibernian Rifles, was organized with John Griffin as captain, William Moher, first lieutenant, and John P. Sheehan as second lieutenant. An experienced drill master was engaged and drills were held from October 1st to May 1st every Tuesday in Hibernian Hall. From 1908 until 1916 it held its drills on Sundays. In 191 1 Peter Griffin became first lieutenant and Patrick Shanahan second lieutenant. In 191 2 Peter Griffin became captain, Patrick Shanahan first lieu- tenant, and William Driscoll second lieutenant. Company E, Hibernian Rifles, which is still in existence, with Peter Griffin as captain, Patrick Shanahan, first lieutenant, and William Driscoll as second lieutenant, has held no drills since 191 6, owing to the fact that many of Its mem- bers either volunteered or were called out in the draft. In 1905 Division No. 6, which had suffered a loss in membership, gave up its charter and its members joined the other divisions. The order now began to feel the encroachments of the Knights of Columbus on its membership and interest waned to some extent. In 1909 the members of the second and fifth divisions joined to form Monsignor Slocum Branch with these officers : President, D. J. Slavin ; vice president, T. F. Luddy ; recording secretary, P. Shanahan; financial secretary, Joseph McGrail, and M. Bergin, treasurer. In 19 10 the members of Division No. 1 dissolved and joined the re- maining branches, Divisions Nos. 3 and 4 and Monsignor Slocum Division. These are the organizations in existence today. The present officers of the various organizations connected with the order follow : Division No. 3: President, Timothy F. Luddy; financial secretary, John Kearney ; recording secretary, Patrick Kendrick ; treasurer, John Claffey. Division No. 4: President, Patrick McFadden; financial secretary, Bernard Whiteny ; recording secretary, Joseph Holahan ; treasurer, John D. Carey. Ladies' Auxiliary, A. O. H.: President, Mrs. Charles A. Jackson; recording secretary, Nellie Lynch ; financial secretary, Mary E. Kelly ; treasurer, Mrs. John Lynch ; chaplain, Rev. Luke Fitzsimons. WATERBUKV AXI) THE NAUGATUCK \ ALLEY 259 Mgr. Slocum Branch, A. O. H. : President, William II. Dunleavy; reeording secretary, William J. Driscoll; financial secretary, John J. Foran; treasurer, George A. Hynes. ANCIENT ORDER OF UNITED WORKMEN Waterbury Lodge, No. 5, of the Ancient Order of United Workmen was instituted August 3, 1880, with twelve charter members. This grew to 250 in 1895 and today is close to that figure. The officers at present are: master work- man, [. E. Sandland; recorder, J. A. Garde; treasurer, G. M. Egan; receiver L. A. Totten. American Lodge, No. 44, was instituted January 23, 1890. Its officers at present are : Master workman, Anthony Moore ; recorder, Ellsworth G. Reynolds ; financier, Henry J. Reynolds. Connecticut Lodge, No. 52, was instituted May 18, 1892. Its present officers are: Master workman, W. H. Brakenridge; recorder, Charles Baumgartner; financier, James McKnight. ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS There are now in existence in the United States four distinct orders which use the name "Foresters." The original lodge formed in Waterbury, July 8, 1874, Court Fruitful Vine, No. 5991, Ancient Order of Foresters, was and is still under the English jurisdiction. In 1889, When the first separation came, the courts upheld it in its right to the title, "Ancient Order of Foresters." The present officers of Court Frutiful Vine are : Chief ranger, George John- son ; past chief ranger, Arthur W. Thompson ; recording secretary, J. W. Mc- Keller ; financial secretary, Donald McKeller ; treasurer, Charles E. Turner. FORESTERS OF AMERICA In 1889 the American order assumed the title "Foresters of America" and was completely separated from its English connections. In 1893 it was an independent American order. It had nine courts, three side degrees and about twelve hundred members. Today it has fourteen courts, with a membership over double that of 1895. Its activities as at present organized are as follows : Court Shields, No. 29, F. of A., was instituted May 4, 1887. Its officers at present are as follows : Chief ranger, Andrew Stine ; financial secretary, M. F. McKennerney ; recording secretary, William Vance ; treasurer, Patrick Barry. Court Waterbury, No. 3, F. of A.: Chief ranger, Roger Lynch; recording secretary, Henry H. Hayden; financial secretary, John Z. Dowling; treasurer, James J. Connelly. Court Falcon, No. 44, F. of A., instituted July 12, 1889. Its officers at present are: Chief ranger, Thomas O'Leary, Jr.; recording secretary, Edward Herbert; financial secretary, James P. Herbert ; treasurer, Patrick G. Egan. Court Linden, No. 75, F. of A., was instituted August 1, 1892. Its officers at present are: Chief ranger, John Finnerty; financial secretary, Joseph S. W^ors- ley; recording secretary, John B. Marcoux; treasurer, Thomas M. McGrath. Court Welch, No. 84, F. of A., has the following officers: Chief ranger, Joseph McArdle; financial secretary, George H. Heckelman ; recording secretary, Joseph A. Brenneis ; treasurer, Elmer J. Chatfield. This is the Waterville branch of the lodge. 260 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Court Martin Hellman, No. 86, F. of A., was instituted November 7, 1894. The officers at present are : Chief ranger, William J. Caldwell ; financial secretary, James Cosgrove ; recording secretary, Patrick Kendrick ; treasurer, Paul Asheim. Court America, No. 98, F. of A. : Chief ranger, John Vose ; financial secretary, Benjamin W. Johnson; recording secretary, George H. Clark; treasurer, June D. Cashman. Court Oregon, No. 138, F. of A.: Chief ranger, Edward Foley; recording sec- retary, Thomas Byrnes ; financial secretary, William F. Guilf oile ; treasurer, James McKnight. Court Richard Wagner, No. 139, F. of A., has the following officers: Chief ranger, R. G. Amberg ; financial secretary, Louis H. Pellinitz ; recording secretary, H. E. Wilhaus ; treasurer, John J. Sief en. Court Champlain, No. 146, F. of A., has the following officers : Chief ranger, Henri Vigeant ; financial secretary, Charles Charpentier ; recording secretary, Emile A. Schneider ; treasurer, Ralph L. Brandely. Court D. B. Hamilton, No. 147, F. of A.: Chief ranger, H. Miller; financial secretary, B. F. Hoggett; recording secretary, M. Cossett; treasurer, Stanley B. Heaton. Court Guiseppe Verdi, No. 151, F. of A., has the following officers: Chief ranger, Santolo D'Andrea ; financial secretary, Nicola Garzia ; recording secre- tary, Angelo G. Stanco ; treasurer, M. Pesee. Nordsjernum Lodge, No. 165, S. F. of A., has the following officers: Presi- dent, David Dahlstrom ; secretary, Arvid Morten ; financial secretary, Oscar Rich- ardson ; cashier, Edward Strom. Pine Rock Circle, No. 29, Lady Foresters of America : Chief commander, Mrs. Mary Dechon ; sub. chief commander, Sophia Carroll; recording secretary, Helen Cross; financial secretary, Catherine McNeish; treasurer, Mary C. Goe- merly. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF FORESTERS The Independent Order of Foresters was a further separation, and was or- ganized solely for insurance purposes. Court Waterbury, No, 3578, was estab- lished June 1, 1897. Its officers are: Chief ranger, William La Force; financial secretary, Thomas A. Maton; recording secretary, George A. Hines; treasurer, Adam Wilkie. Court Eugenie, No. 794, I. O. F. : Chief ranger, Flora Gagne; recording sec- retary, Mrs. Eugenie Duguay; financial secretary, Pomela La France. There is also now a Catholic Order of Foresters. LOYAL ORDER OF MOOSE The Loyal Order of Moose, Waterbury Lodge, No. 703, was organized August 1, 191 1, as the local lodge of the national fraternal organization of that name. Its membership today in Waterbury is 1,500. The order pays a sick benefit of $7 a week and a death benefit of $100. It also cares for dependent orphans. Its present officers are: Dictator, Frank H. Bailey; vice dictator, Peter J. Shea; past dictator, Thomas W. Parrie ; treasurer, John H. Butler; secretary, Cornelius Horgan; prelate, Albert Whitaker; trustees, M. A. Gray, Thomas H. King, Thomas E. Bywater. Its first officers in Waterbury were: Dictator, Matthew J. Smith; past die- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 261 tator, Robert Palmer; vice dictator, Herbert E. Hughes; prelate, Arthur Young: treasurer, Howard L. Rogers; secretary, Chris. J'. Harmon. Meetings were held for eighteen months in the hall at No. n North Main Street. After that time, club rooms were leased and elegantly furnished. Four years ago, the lodge moved to 95 Bank Street, and the club rooms were greatly enlarged. They are now kept open daily for the entertainment of its members. ORDER OF HEPTASOPHS Until August 1, 1917, there were three conclaves of the Improved Order of Heptasophs, a fraternal insurance organization. These were Waterbury Conclave, No. 326; Silas Bronson Conclave, No. 651, and Jacques Cartier Conclave, No. 810. The membership of these was about three hundred, although since its insti- tution in Waterbury in 1888 it had at one time attained to a membership of over six hundred. On August 1 st all these groups which desired to continue the insurance were taken over by the Federal Aid Union of Lawrence, Kan., which assumed all of the liabilities of the old order of Heptasophs. FRATERNAL ORDER OF EAGLES The Fraternal Order of Eagles, Waterbury Aerie, No. 379, the local branch of a national organization, which is largely social, was established April 28, 1903. It now has a membership of 1,275. In March, 1916, the local aerie purchased the Waterbury Club Building on North Main Street. The Eagles have had a prosperous career in Waterbury. At its recent bazaar, which was given in Buckingham Hall for the purpose of securing a building and furnishing fund, the sum of $4,700 was raised, a good start for its purpose. It is believed that it will in the spring of 1918 have enough money in its building fund to begin the erection of its new dance hall in the rear of the present beautiful club house. At its election held in December, it elected the following officers : President, John H. Crery; vice president, Edward Foley; secretary, Dennis R. Mitchell; treasurer, Charles Lynch ; chaplain, Martin Hayden ; recording secretary, Patrick Hogan; trustees, Thomas D. Temple, Ed. J. Walsh, Edward Mraz. Its first meeting place was at 288 South Main Street, and its officers in 1906, the year of its organization here, were : President, J. C. Haren ; secretary, Dennis R. Mitchell; treasurer, P. J. Courtney. In 1908 it moved to Knights of Columbus Hall and in 1910 to Eagle's Hall at 151 Bank Street. There it fitted up beautiful club rooms, and remained until it purchased the property of the Waterbury Club. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MIA The Improved Order of Red Men haw two tribes in Waterbury, with a Woman's Auxiliary. It is a social, secret, fraternal and benevolent association, and its first Connecticut Great Council was organized in August, 1887. On December 15, 1889, Waterbury's first tribe came into existence. Its officers at present are : Tunxis Tribe, No. 10, C. of R.. E. M. Clarck; C. of W.. W. F. Engert ; K. of W., Edward M. Dwyer. Toantick Tribe. No. 22, was instituted October 19, 1892. Its officers are: 262 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Sachem, George Pond; C. of R., William S. Bolton; C. of W., Frank A. Wells; K. of W., H. L. Bassett. Momamton Council, No. 5, D. of P. is the ladies' branch of the organiza- tion, and has the following officers : Pocahontas, Mrs. Katherine Turrell; K. of R., Mrs. Louis Brown; K. of W., Mrs. Clara Leonard. ORDER OF UNITED AMERICAN MECHANICS The Order of United American Mechanics was organized in Philadelphia, as a patriotic organization. It later extended its activities and became a beneficiary as well as a social and patriotic society. Franklin Council, Progressive Council, Martha Washington Council, as well as the Gen. Joseph Warren Commandery, have all been merged into the parent body, Excelsior Council, No. 2, or the Woman's Auxiliary, Lady Trumbull Council, No. 5, Daughters of Liberty. Excelsior Council, No. 2, O. U. A. M., was instituted February 1, 1877. The officers are : Councilor, F. F. Partiss ; recording secretary, D. L. Russell ; financial secretary, H. W. Edwards ; treasurer, C. S. Ryder. Lady Trumbull Council, No. 5, Daughters of Liberty, instituted June 30, 1882. Councilor, Charles Gibson; recording secretary, Rachel Chase; financial secretary, Clara Wilmarth ; treasurer, Abbie Seeley. Fidelity Council, No. 47, Sons and Daughters of Liberty. Councilor, Mrs. Elizabeth Richmond; recording secretary, Mrs. Fannie Warner; financial secre- tary, Mrs. Lettie J. Flood; treasurer, Mrs. Frank Blakeslee. Progressive Council, United Order of American Mechanics, was in 1895 a young and flourishing council which had been organized on February 22, 1893. In 1897 its membership had grown so small that it surrendered its charter, the members joining Excelsior Council of the order. Gen. Joseph Warren Commandery, United Order of American Mechanics, was organized in 1892 by the members of Progressive and Excelsior councils, as the uniformed rank of the order. Its officers in 1895 were: Captain, E. J. Schuyler; first lieutenant, A. J. Scott; second lieutenant, C. A. Green. These officials, together with the members, decided in 1896 to surrender the charter as the membership was too small for effective drill work. ' MODERN WOODMEN OF AMERICA The Modern Woodmen of America, a national fraternal and insurance organ- ization, with headquarters in Rock Island, 111., organized Rosedale Camp, No. 9,615, in Waterbury on May 1, 1902. It now has 174 members. Its present officers are: Counsel, David McNamara ; clerk, George S. Husker; banker, Edward Keenan. WOODMEN OF THE WORLD The Woodmen of the World, a national fraternal and insurance organization, has four camps in Waterbury. The first of these, White Oak Camp, No. 3, was established in 1896 and Arbutus Camp, No. 8, came soon after this date. The total membership in Waterbury in 191 7 is 1,500. The officials of each of the camps are as follows : White Oak Camp. No. 3, C. C, H. Cook; clerk, W. E. Roberts; banker, O. G. Rabe. Arbutus Camp, No. 8, C. C, D. F. Cass ; clerk, H. W. .Edwards ; banker, F. C. Meisinger. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 263 Pine Camp, No. 68, C. C, Dr. G. G. Mangini; clerk, Santolo D'Andrea ; banker, Donato Margiotto. workmen's circle The national fraternal and insurance organization known as Workmen's Circle, has three branches in Waterbury, Workmen's Circle, No. 26, was organized in March, 1903, and now has a membership of 155. Workmen's Circle, Branch 137, organized in 1910, has a membership of 120. Workmen's Circle, Ladies' Branch 190, has now a membership of 40. The order has its own sanitarium at Liberty, N. Y., where it cares for those of its members who are stricken with tuberculosis. It pays sick and death benefits. The officers are: Circle 26, George Fisher, secretary; treasurer, J. Green- blatt ; Circle 137, secretary, M. Saltzman; treasurer, H. Feldman; Circle 190, secretary, Bessie Cassel; treasurer, Mrs. Max Levin. SONS OF ST. GEORGE The order of Sons of St. George is a progressive fraternal society which English residents in the United States formed as a social and benefit organiza- tion. Hawthorne Lodge, No. 213, was instituted in Waterbury July 6, 1883. Its membership is naturally limited, though at present it is well over the hundred mark. Its officers for 1917 are: W. P., H. T. Matthews; W. T., G. R. Lewis; secretarv, Thomas Hodkinson. SHEPHERDS OF BETHLEHEM Shepherds of Bethlehem, Radiant Star, No. 2, is a woman's fraternal and benefit organization. Its present officers are : Commander, Mrs. Grace E. Can- dee; scribe, Mrs. Susie M. Granger; accountant, Mrs. 'Jennie C. Ainslee; treas- urer, Mrs. Helen M. Stanley. KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN EAGLE The following are the officers of Amity Castle, No. 11, Knights of the Golden Eagle : Noble chief, William McNaught ; master of records, F. B. Reynolds ; clerk of exchequer, H. W. Edwards; keeper of exchequer, William Hatton. It has in addition to its insurance feature, an adjunct in the Amity Social Club, which has finely furnished club rooms adjoining the lodge hall at 136 Grand Street. All the members of the Amity lodge are entitled to club privileges. NEW ENGLAND ORDER OF PROTECTION The Waterbury lodges of the New England Order of Protection celebrated the thirtieth anniversary of the organization of the order November 15, 1917. The first lodge in Waterbury was Archer Lodge, No. 4. established June 1, 1888, the year following the founding of the order. Since its foundation it has paid out in the five New England states, which comprise its jurisdiction, $17,000,000 in insurance. It has now placed its rates on a new basis, insuring permanency to the order. The lodges with date of organization and present officers are as follows: Anchor Lodge, No. 40, organized June 1, 1888. Warden, George S. Davis; secretary. Frank L. Kainz ; financial secretary, Edward J. Morgan; treasurer, 264 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Annie E. Burritt. The approximate membership in 191 7 is two hundred and thirty. Mattatuck Lodge, No. 187, organized March 15, 1892. Warden, J. S. Neill; recording secretary, H. W. Alden; financial secretary, Ira Markle; treasurer, George M. Condet. The approximate membership in 191 7 is two hundred. Alexander Von Humboldt Lodge, No. 210, organized February 23, 1893. Warden, Elizabeth Huber; recording secretary, Emil C. Steinman; financial secretary, Valentine Hahn ; treasurer, Clara Armbruster. The approximate membership in 191 7 is two hundred and fifty. Brass City Lodge, No. 244, organized December 5, 1894. Warden, Mrs. Mary E. Deehon ; secretary, Thomas Eddy ; financial secretary, Edward Byrne ; treasurer, Patrick Barry. The approximate membership in 191 7 is two hundred. Sheridan Lodge, organized May 31, 1893. Warden, Jennie A. Turley ; re- cording and financial secretary, Joseph O'Connell ; treasurer, John H. Butler. The membership in 1917 is approximately one hundred and seventy-five. Waterbury Lodge, No. 486. Warden, Mrs. Sarah Cook; secretary, John Parry. The approximate membership in 1917 is one hundred. ORDER OF OWLS Order of Owls, Waterbury Nest, No. 1,427, has the following officers: Presi- dent, J. A. Reed; secretary, W. F. Guilfoile; financial secretary, George M. Chapman ; treasurer, A. L. Hellenstein. UNITED ORDER OF PILGRIM FATHERS Mizpah Colony, No. 163, United Order of the Pilgrim Fathers, was organ- ized March 15, 1895, with thirty charter members. Its first governor was Jacob B, Blakeslee. Its present officers are: Governor, Reinhold R. Book; secretary, Sarah A. Benham ; treasurer, Louis R. Silvernail; collector, Helen M. Stanley. KNIGHTS OF MACCABEES The Knights of the Maccabees, a national fraternal and insurance organiza- tion, has three lodges in Waterbury. Valley Tent, No. 13, organized December 8, 1896, has a membership of sixty, and Waterbury Tent, No. 36, has between fifty and sixty. The Woman's Benefit Association of the Maccabees is called Eagle Hive, No. 16. The officers of these organizations at present are : Knights of the Maccabees, Valley Tent, No. 13: Commander, Charles F. Loomis ; lieutenant commander, Ad9lph Recker ; record keeper, Colin F. Wilson ; finance keeper, Harris Hayden. Knights of the Maccabees, Waterbury Tent, No. 36: Commander, Thomas W. Gill; lieutenant commander, Patrick J. Lynch; record keeper, T. J. Coyle; finance keeper, William J. O'Brine. Woman's Benefit Association of the Maccabees, Eagle Hive, No. 16: L. C, Mrs. Elizabeth Shearon; L. L. C, Annie Courtney; finance keeper, Julia M. Cunningham ; record keeper, Mrs. Mary Keef e. UNITED ORDER OF THE GOLDEN CROSS The United Order of the Golden Cross is both an insurance and a temperance organization. Sterling Commandery, No. 300, was instituted in 1886, and in WATERBUKY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 265 1895 had a membership of 132. This has been reduced, but the commandery is still active in its work and thriving. Its officers at present are : N. C, George Clapp; K. of R., Mrs. Annie Rowley; F. K. of R., Mrs. S. Nellie Clapp; treasurer, Mrs. Margaret Meeker. THE ROYAL ARCANUM The Royal Arcanum, a national fraternal and insurance organization, has one council, Mattatuck, No. 713, in Waterbury, established October 13, 1882. It grew to large proportions and held its membership until a few years ago, when the first change in rates was made effective. A further change in 1916 affected Mattatuck Council as it did the councils all over the country, where the average loss of membership was about 20 per cent. The present officers are as follows : Regent, Charles A. Hill; secretary, Wallace Roberts; collector, Louis A. Totten ; treasurer, George W. Watson. PATRONS OF HUSBANDRY The object of this great national order is the education and elevation of the American farmer, and the social, moral and intellectual development of its members. Mad River Grange, No. 71, started December 1, 1887, with fifty charter members. During the height of its success, Mad River Grange had as many as 700 names on its list. In 1895 there were 200. Today the list is small, but composed of the best farmers in this section. It meets weekly in Grange Hall, Mill Plain, during all but the three summer months. Its officers at present are : Master, Merton E. Reid : overseer, Oscar B. Todd ; lecturer, Charles A. Graham ; secretary, Bessie D. Parks. ORDER OF THE SILVER STAR Martha Washington Council, Order of the Silver Star, was a social and sick benefit organization which flourished in 1895 and in 1902 had finely furnished club rooms in Johnson's Hall. The fire of that year destroyed all its possessions and for a time it met in the homes of its members. Its councillor at this time was Frank L. Snagg and he and his associates decided in 1903 to discontinue the meetings. It has never been officially dissolved and still has a small fund in the bank. FRENCH SOCIETIES Club Sadi Carnot was organized August 21, 1904. Its officers for the present year are as follows: President, L. Grasselor; secretary, Pierre Besancon ; record- ing secretary, J. V. Fesselet ; treasurer, Frank Graber. This is an organization composed of European French and is solely for educational and social purposes. Council St. Jean Baptiste d'Arnerique, No. 304, was organized June 1, 1877. Its present officers are: President, Roderick Adams; recording secretary, Joseph Lecomte; financial secretary, Charles R. Charpentier; treasurer, Edmond Thibault. L'Union Fraternelle Francaise has for officers: President, E. Pouard : finan- cial secretary, C. Didam ; recording secretary, J. A'. Fesselet; treasurer, C. Gueble. L'Union St. Jean Baptiste d'Arnerique, Council Laval. No. 189, has the fol- lowing officers: President. Roderick Adams: recording secretary, Philias Le- comte ; treasurer, Edmond Thibault. 266 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUGK VALLEY ITALIAN SOCIETIES Below is a list of the Italian societies organized in Waterbury, with their officers : O. F. D. I. Order, Sons of Columbus, No. 273. President, Charles Sciullo ; secretary, Joseph Caporaso ; treasurer, Joseph Sciullo. O. F. D. I. Vittorio Emanuele, No. 351. President, Luigi Lerz; secretary, Vincenzo Guarini ; treasurer, Giovanni Laudati. O. F. D. I. Queen Elena Lodge, No. 222. President, Mrs. Lucian Pinto ; recording secretary, Mrs. Maria A. Carissimi ; financial secretary, Mary G. Sciullo ; treasurer, Angelina Jamele. Order Sons of Italy, Loggia Dante Alighieri, No. 66. Venerabile, G. Salva- tore ; recording secretary, L. Carissimi. Order Sons of Italy, Loggia Lucitoe, Prov. No. no. Venerabile, Nicola M. Ventresca ; financial secretary, Nicola R. Ventresca ; treasurer, Francesco Ca- rissimi. Society Operia Aviglianese of Soccorso. President, Canio Rosa ; secretary, L. Lovallo ; treasurer, F. Verrastro. SWEDISH SOCIETIES Odin Benefit Association. President, Gustaf R. Lofblad; secretary, Carl Nelson; cashier, Edward Strom. Order of Vasa, Gota Lejon Lodge, No. 19, was organized January 20, 1900. The following are the present officers: President, Gustaf Johnson; secretary, Franz Johnson; cashier, Eric Larson. GERMAN SOCIETIES Below is a list of the German societies of Waterbury : Concordia Singing Society. President, John E. Weiss ; corresponding secre- tary, John Kern ; recording secretary, William Bierbaum ; financial secretary Albert Lampe, Sr. ; treasurer, Wolfgang Schaeffer. The Concordia is justly termed the leading German singing society in the state. Twenty-two years ago it elected Hans Saro as its musical director, and it is due to his masterful training that five first prizes were won by the society at eight of the state saengerfests. It began its triumphant career at Bridgeport in 1898 with a first prize, following it with similar successes at Union City in 1900 and at Seymour in 1902. It won first prize at the State Saengerfest in Hartford in 1910 and again at New Haven in 191 2. The society numbers fifty active members, but in all competitions it is recruited to ninety. During the war period there have been no saengerfests, but these will be resumed as soon as conditions are again favorable. In the meantime the society continues its local concerts. D. O. H. Gleichheit Manner Lodge, No. 71, was organized October 1, 1887. Its officers for the present year are : O. B., George Groetzenbach ; secretary, Franz J. Keller; cashier, Henry Kluttig; treasurer, Charles Kopp. D. O. H. Steuben Lodge, No. 391, was oganized February 29, 1876. Its officers at present are: O. B., Nicholas Massonnet; secretary, George Groetzen- bach; financial secretary, Henry Kluttig; treasurer, Karl Kopp. D. O. H. True Sisters Lodge, No. 28, at present has the following officers : O. B., Mrs. Lena Hennegger; secretary, Mrs. Anna Thomas; financial secretary, Mrs. Charles Yoos ; treasurer, Mrs. Eliza Schmidt. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 267 Dramatic Association of Lyra Singing Society has the following officers: President, Lonis Jositz ; secretary, August Beutter. Harmonia Benevolent Association was instituted in 1861. The present offi- cers are: President, Christian Schlag; secretary, Ferdinand Schroeder; financial secretary, Joseph Sevetag; treasurer, John Kirschbaum. 1. O. B. B., Melchizedek Lodge, Xo. 200, has the following officers: Presi- dent, Herman J. Weisman; secretary, Louis L. Simons; treasurer, Samuel A. Chase. The Lyra Singing Society has the following officers: President, Louis Jositz; financial secretary, Alfred Waldheim. O. D. H. S. Freundschafts Lodge, Xo. 8, was organized March 29, 1887. The present officers are: President, Edward Koslosky; secretary, Edward Cramer; financial secretary, Julius Xatush ; treasurer, Fritz Cramer. The following are the officers of the Turnverein Vorwaerts: President, Fred erick Cramer ; secretary, Emil Hummel ; treasurer, Albert Hummel. The Unity Association has the following officers : President, Herman J. Weisman ; secretary. Louis L. Simons ; treasurer. Samuel A. Chase. U. O. R. M., Uhland Stamm, Xo. 190, was organized January 28, 1874. The present officers are : President, Louis Grohs ; secretary. Christian Wiemer ; cashier, Jacob Baer; treasurer, Richard Selback. The Waterbury Turnverein has the following officers : President, F. Schwaller ; corresponding secretary, Karl Wilke ; treasurer, J. Sasloff . The Workmen's Sick and Death Benefit Fund, Branch Xo. 42, was organized in 1 89 1. The following are the present officers: President. G. Waldheim; re- cording secretary, Emil Bierbaum; financial secretary. Charles Blattman; treas- urer. Frank J. Gatter. THE LABOR ORGANIZATIONS WATERBURY BUILDING TRADES COUNCIL In 1900 a Building Trades Council was formed by the painters, the carpenters, and the plumbers, which affiliated with the National Building Trades Council in 1902. The latter endured for three years. In 1905 the council applied for a charter from the Structural Building Trades Alliance and remained with the body during its existence, after which it became affiliated with the present building trades department of the American Federation of Labor. Under this parent body the Waterbury Building Trades Council has really increased in membership. The eight locals now affiliated with the council are as follows: Carpenters and Joiners, Xo. 260; Electrical Workers, Xo. 660: Sheet Metal Workers, Xo. 199; Painters and Decorators, Xo. 491; Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters, Xo. 22; Naugatuck Carpenters and Joiners, Xo. 804; Xaugatuck Painters and Decorators. No. 418; Xaugatuck Plumbers, Steam and Gas Fitters, Xo. 169. The council maintains commodious, well-arranged quarters at 127 East Main Street, consisting of two meeting halls, reading room, and business agent's office. The relations between the building contractors and the building trades organ- izations are most cordial. There is a business-like spirit of co-operation existing between the organizations that brings forth the best result for all concerned, those having buildings erected coming in for their share of the good results of this harmony. The present officers are: President. James Campbell (Painters) ; vice presi- dent. R. Beardsley (Electrical Workers); recording secretary, II. T. Strickland 268 WATERBURY AND" THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY (Electrical Workers) ; financial secretary, James Johnson (Painters) ; treasurer, William Byron (Carpenters) ; James P. Donahue, business agent. Meetings are held on the first and third Wednesdays. THE CENTRAL LABOR UNION The Waterbury Central Labor Union was first organized in 1893, then lapsed and was again instituted June 18, 1902. Twenty local unions were affiliated, the great majority of which are still in existence and still members of the central body. In 191 7 the unions affiliated number twenty-eight. Meetings are held on the first and third Fridays in Building Trades Council Hall, 127 East Main Street. The present officers are : President, James E. Corrigan ; vice president, Joseph C. Baker ; recording secretary, Rensselaer Beadle ; financial secretary, Charles Westendorfl ; treasurer, James A. Cleland ; sergeant-at-arms, William Hermann ; business agent, James P. Donahue ; trustees, Thomas Quinn, William McLean, Charles Mulholland. WATERBURY LOCAL UNIONS Allied Printing Trades Council. Joseph Cote, president ; P. J. Lynch, secre- tary. Bakers, No. 155, organized February 1, 1901. President, Daniel Finske; vice president, Daniel Sullivan ; recording secretary, Paul Lauer ; financial secre- tary, Herbert Waldron ; treasurer, Charles Witzman ; sergeant-at-arms, Joseph Mussary; label section, Otto T. Dreher; business agent, State Organizer Striby; trustees, Paul GrafT, Paul Lauer; C. L. U. delegate, Otto T. Dreher. Barbers, No. 732. President, Louis D. Schiavone ; vice president, P. Madda- line ; recording secretary, Angelo Possemato ; financial secretary, Patrick J. Cavanagh ; treasurer, Patrick Mancini ; sergeant-at-arms, Nick Solcids ; trustees, Joseph Fiore, Ernest Petrone, and Peter D. Cicco. Brewery Workmen, No. 126. President, William Barton; vice president, Gus Schmidt ; recording secretary, Aug. Beutter ; financial secretary, John Mantel ; treasurer, Jos. Schmid ; sergeant-at-arms, Jack Kelly ; business agent, Aug. Beutter; trustees, Alfred Waldheim, Alfred Seidel, Josef Stiegler. Bricklayers, Masons and Plasterers, organized March 1, 1894. President, L. E. Stephens ; secretary, Louis Corr ; business agent, Wm. McCarthy. Carpenters and Joiners, No. 260. Chris Christof eson, president ; Thomas C. Quinn, secretary; N. J. Engelke, financial secretary; Walter R. Talbot, treasurer; James P. Donahue, business agent. Cigarmakers. President, John E. Cunningham ; vice president, M. Cross- land ; recording secretary, H. Bushman ; financial secretary, Val C. Hahn ; treas- urer, W. Crossland; sergeant-at-arms, Wm. J. Pierce; business^ agent, H. F. Varanelli ; trustees. Otto Brodt, Frank Smith and Edward Sanders. Electrical Workers, No. 660. President, John E. Cunningham; vice presi- dent, M. Crossland; recording secretary, H. Bushman; financial secretary, Val C. Hahn; treasurer, W. Crossland; sergeant-at-arms, Wm. J. Pierce; business agent, H. F. Varanelli ; trustees, Otto Brodt, Frank Smith and Edward Sanders. Granite Cutters. Ralph Stuart, secretary. Horseshoers. Charles E. Mann, secretary. Locomotive Engineers. Brass City Division, No. 867. B. F. O'Neill, secretary. Machinists, Brass City Lodge, No. 322. Financial secretary, Charles Westen- dorft; treasurer, John B. Cutty. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 269 Molders, No. 298. Thomas R. Allen, secretary; James A. Loveday, business agent. Moving- Picture .Machine Operators, No. 304. President, James Corrigan; vice president, Nick Melleti; recording secretary, Tim Garren; financial secre- tary-treasurer, William Jenusaitis; business agent, Abe bandella; trustees, Ralph Stanco, Steve Sangovimio, John Kuster. Musicians. President, Kay E. Reilley; vice president, C. E. Loveridge; re- cording and financial secretary, E. Sherwood Beardslee; treasurer, William Mc- Lean; sergeant-at-arms, Arthur Martel; business agent, Ray E. Reilley. Painters, No. 491. President, R. Beadle; vice president, Win. Cook; record- ing secretary, Michael F. Cody; financial secretary, James Campbell; treasurer, William Woods; sergeant-at-arms, Irving Cowdry ; business agent, James P. Donahue ; trustees, A. C. Pratt, Phillip Roy, James Johnston. Pattern Makers. Robert McDougal, secretary. Plumbers and Steam Fitters, organized 1894. Present officers : President, William Coyle ; vice president, James Whitty ; recording secretary, Daniel M. Cass ; financial secretary-treasurer, William R. Finn ; business agent, James Donahue. Pressmen and Assistants, No. 150. President, Louis Schmidt; vice president, Lew Baker; financial secretary, Frank Gregory; sergeant-at-arms, Joseph M. Cipriano. Railroad Trainmen, No. 423. G. H. Turkington, secretary. Sheet Metal Workers, No. 199. President, L. C. Schiltz; vice president, Otto Herbst ; secretary, Charles E. Decker ; financial secretary, A. E. Gerard. Stone-cutters. Patrick Quinlan, secretary. Street Railway Employees, Division 570. President, Lawson A. Luth ; vice president, David J. Scully; recording secretary, George B. Degnan; financial secretary, Thomas Brube ; business agent, A. H. Luth. Theatrical Stage Employees, No. 88; organized in 1901. President: John J. Fitzgerald ; vice president, Frank Brown ; recording secretary, Thomas Corri- gan ; financial secretary, Frank J. Stone; treasurer, James Cleaveland. Typographical, No. 329, organized November 20, 1898. President, Fred S. Gorham; vice president, Hubert B. Royce; recording secretary, Leroy E. Bowles; secretary-treasurer, Patrick J. Lynch. Foremen's Association of the Plume & Atwood Mfg. Co., organized March 13, 191 1. President, Edward C. Sanderson; secretary, Thomas Mathon ; treas- urer, P. H. Chabot. Manhan Aid Association of American Brass Co., Waterbury Brass Branch. President, Frederick B. Williams; secretary, Edward B. Simpson; treasurer, C. E. Beardsley. Scovill Foremen's Association. President, Frank W. Ineson ; secretary, Clar- ence H. Stilson. CHAPTER XXII COMMUNITY EFFORTS, PHILANTHROPY AND REFORMS THE Y. M. C. A. AND ITS GROWTH FUND FOR NEW BUILDING WAR-TIME WORK THE WATERBURY BOYS' CLUB — -MR. COMBELLACK's GREAT WORK THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA THE WATERBURY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND GIRLS' CLUB THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN WATERBURY RESCUE MISSION THE COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREE THE EARLY CLOSING MOVEMENT ELISHA LEAVEN WORTH'S BENEFACTIONS. The Waterbury Y. M. C. A. is the oldest association in Connecticut and the fourth oldest in all New England. The first in the United States dates back to December, 1851, and was started in Boston, Mass., by Thomas Sullivan as repre- sentative of twenty religious associations. The original constitution of the Waterbury Y. M. C. A., with the signature of the charter members and the original business records, have been preserved to the present day. This association was active from 1858 until 1876 and was never formally dissolved. A more formal organization was effected in 1883. The life of the association is divided into two periods: the first of twenty-five years, ending in 1883, during which the service of all officers and workers was purely volunteer work. During that period the association had rooms at the corner of West Main and Leavenworth streets. The original start was made in a room over what was known as Cone's drug store at the corner of Bank and West Main streets. The second period started with the engagement of trained Y. M. C. A. workers, due to the realization of what an immense power for good in the community the association would be and the full knowledge of how great a work it had taken up by the words of its charter, "To promote the physical, mental and moral welfare of young men." Then in 1889, after the state convention of the Y. M. C. A. held in Waterbury, came the building project at a meeting in the parlors of the old Scovill House. This was followed by a later meeting and the appointment of a committee on buildings and soliciting. The building committee, selected from the board of directors, which made its first report on May 18, 1891, was as follows: L. J. Atwood, H. L. Wade, J. R. Smith, F. S. Chase, F. B. Rice, E. O. Goss, W. E. Fulton, I. A. Spencer, W. E. Griggs, C. F. Mitchell, G. W. Beach, J. N. Webb, H. W. Scovill, F. B. Hoadley, C. S. Chapman, A. C. Mintie, E. D. Welton and A. D. Noble. The project was then sent along under full sail by the gift of a lot on North Main Street, part of which is now occupied by a portion of the Hotel Elton. The gift was made by Henry W. Scovill and his wife. This lot was later sold and the present site purchased. It was then the Philo Brown property. The soliciting committee completed its work in December, 1890 ; the revised plans for the building were accepted March 22, 1892; the contract was awarded April 21, 1892, and the association moved into the completed building June 1, 1893. 270 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 271 Since that time there have been additions to the structure from time to time as they were needed, and the money was obtainable. As designed by its far- sighted founders, it did priceless work in promoting physical, mental, and moral welfare of the young men of Waterbury, and it may be said that the city is the better for the association and that the initial investment in dollars had been realized hundreds of times over in a better humanity. The rosters of names connected with the various steps in the growth of the Y. M. C. A. is interesting, as many of the names are to be found woven through the history of the rise of Waterbury. In the list of the charter members of 1858 are to be found the following: Anson F. Abbott, L. S. Davis, Dwight L. Smith, F. L. Curtis, George W. Beach, E. L. Beach, E. L. Bronson, Charles Benedict, D. 1". Maltby, A. M. Blakcsley, and H. W. Keeler. Governor William A. Buck- ingham was an honorary member. Among the signers of the document pledging the funds which changed the association from volunteer ranks in 1883 were the following: F. J. Kingsbury, J. 'S. Elton. .Airs. M. L. Mitchell, J. M. Burrall, L. J. Atwood, H. W. Scovill, I. A. Spencer, J. R. Smith, Rev. J. G. Davenport, G. E. Terry, A. A. Benedict, H. L. Wade, G. C. Hill, C. S. Rodman, and B. G. Bryan. The names of the incorporators of the association in 1889 were: Imri A. Spencer, Edward L. Bronson, George H. Benedict, Walter C. Meyers, G. H. Benham, James S. Elton, John Henderson, Jr., Charles S. Chapman, F. S. Chase, A. D. Noble, F. E. Stanley, Nelson W. Heater, and William E. Norris. The war work of the Y. M. C. A. has been a notable feature of its activities. It began this work in 1916, when the members of the local companies were called to the armory preparatory to leaving for the border. All the privileges of the Y. M. C. A. were extended to the men and remained so until their departure and after their return. When the United States declared war, and a part of the National Guard was stationed in W r aterbury, Y. M. C. A. privileges were again extended to the men occupying the armory. These included the baths, the use of the gymnasium, and all social privileges. Later, when a battalion camp of the First Regiment, C. N. G., was estab- lished at Fairlawn Manor, the Y. M. C. A. immediately pitched a tent there under the direction of W. A. Smethurst, the physical director. Mr. 'Smethurst and several assistants took charge of the outgoing mail ; supplied tables and writing equipment, as well as reading matter, consisting of the latest magazines and newspapers. A piano and Victor talking machine were provided as a means of amusement. Baseball suits and balls and bats were given to all men who joined the teams organized into an inter-company league. During this time special meetings were held every Sunday afternoon, at which special music and other features did much to attract the soldiers. Since the departure of the National Guard, the Home Guard has used the Y. M. C. A. gymnasium for drilling purposes. The Second District Registration Board has made the association its headquarters. All of the physical examina- tions were held in the gymnasium and questions concerning the draft and exemption rules are answered at the desk. In connection with the enrollment of drafted men, two gymnasium classes were conducted by Mr. Smethurst each week to give the men training in setting up exercises previous to their strenuous camp work. These exercises, and all the privileges given to army and navy men, have been absolutely free of cost. To every man already in camp has been given a special ticket, good for privileges in any Y. M. C. A. in the world. Thus the local Y. M. C. A. has 272 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY opened the doors of Y. M. C. A. buildings in every place where a Waterbury boy may be stationed. Rev. Robert K. Brown, pastor of the Second Congregational Church, has sailed for France, where he will remain for six months, engaged in the war relief work of the Y. M. C. A. In leaving his home duties for six months, Mr. Brown is responding to a call which has been issued for 1,000 men to carry on Y. M. C. A. work in France. He is the first Waterbury man to answer this call. The Y. M. C. A. has been exceptionally fortunate in its selection of general secretaries. In 1892, E. N. Folsom, who had been secretary of the Y. M. C. A. at St. Johnsbury, Vt., came to Waterbury and remained until 1895, when he was succeeded by T. P. Day. Mr. Day left in 1898 and was succeeded by Robert S. Ross. It was largely through the efforts of Mr. Ross and his splendid committee aids that the heavy mortgage on the present building was lifted. In 1909, much to the regret of his many friends in the association, he resigned to go to the New Haven Y. M. C. A., and was succeeded by Ernest F. Goodyear. Mr. Goodyear resigned August 1, 191 2, and was succeeded on September 1, 191 2, by the present general secretary, William H. Davis. The membership in 1895 was 375 in addition to 175 sustaining members or patrons. In November, 1917, the membership is 750, including patrons. The present officers of the Y. M. C. A. are as follows: President, W. W. Bowers ; vice president, Levi Wilcox ; treasurer, A. B. Dayton; recording secretary, Oscar Stahl; general secretary, William H. Davis; board of directors, E. A. Andersen, W. W. Bowers, C. F. Carpenter, R. L. Coe, A. N. Colegrove, C. P. Cook, J. H. Curtis, A. B. Dayton, Dr. F. J. Erbe, J. E. Neily, B. P. Hyde, Theodore Lilley, E. F. Phelan, H. C. Post, R. E. Piatt, Oscar iStahl, C. H. Stillson, F. B. Webster, Levi Wilcox. The Woman's Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A. was organized in 1892, and has been helpful in all the association's endeavors. In 1893 lt supplied the funds for the furnishing of the dormitories of the new building. It also helped in raising the money to lift the mortgage on the present structure. It has now a membership of 150, and its president is Mrs. W. H. Hoffman. On December 11, 1916, the campaign for a new Y. M. C. A. Building began, with Charles Sumner Ward, of the International Committee of the Y. M. C. A. in charge. The object was to raise $350,000 for a new site and building. It was the first large "intensive" campaign to raise money on the plan which has since become familiar. TJie three groups that were effective in collecting the building fund were headed by John H. Goss, Darragh DeLancey, and Robert L. Coe. Former President William H. Taft was a speaker at the opening banquet. Practically half of the fund was raised in twenty-four hours. On December 19, 1916, the fund was completed. The site first selected, the Driggs property on West Main Street near Willow, proved to be unpopular and on October 25, 191 7, the old Baptist Church site on Grand Street was decided upon for the new Y. M. C. A., and tentative plans have been made to raise the additional amount needed for the purchase of the ground. The appointment late in 191 7 of Charles Lee, of Bemis, Tenn., to take charge of the Industrial Department of the Y. M. C. A., has been fraught with excellent results. The purpose of this department is to take the Y. M. C. A. program out- side of its building and to co-operate with all other agencies that are striving to improve conditions. The English night school opened December 10, 191 7, in the Sprague School at Waterville for the benefit of foreign workers, was the direct result of Mr. Lee's work. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 273 Walter A. Smethurst, physical director and his assistant, Willard A. Manor, have kept the Y. M. C. A. progressing on all indoor and outdoor athletic activities! The presidents of the Y. M. C. A. since 1895 were as follows: George W. Beach, Henry W. Scovill, T. R. Hyde, Jr., Benj. L. Coe, Charles D. Nye, John H. Goss, Clarence P. Cook, and W. W. Bowers. WILLIAM H. DAVIS William H. Davis, the present general secretary of the Y. M. C. A., assumed his position on September 1, 1912. Mr. Davis is a native of Leicester, Mass., and was graduated from the Y. M. C. A. Training School (now college), at Springfield, in 1894. He had held association positions in Greenfield, Mass., Bridgeport, Brooklyn, Portland, Me., North Adams, Mass., and Cambridge. He was general secretary in several of these places, including Greenfield, Bridgeport and Portland, and at North Adams he reorganized the Y. M. C. A. after activities had been suspended, during hard times. He has the distinction of having played basketball on the first team to play the game in this country, at the Springfield Training School. He also played football at Springfield and was a half-back on the famous training school organ- ization known as "Stagg's eleven." THE WATERBURY BOYS' CLUB The Boys' Club of Waterbury was planned by John C. Collins of New Haven, and was established by him in January, 1888. Mr. Collins' idea was to provide a place where street gamins could find recreation at night and where their interests would be protected. W. P. Jarrett was the first superintendent of the club, which started work at 4 Market Place and he remained in charge one year. He was succeeded by H. N. Hansel, who retired in 1890. The club did not prosper in those years. It was a new institution and there were many difficulties to over- come. The public did not understand it, and it threatened to be a failure. It was at that time that the attention of the directors was called to Nicholas Combellack, who was conducting a club in New Haven for the divinity students of Yale College. They visited his institution and were so much impressed with his ability as a manager that they engaged him September 1, 1890, to superintend the Waterbury Boys' Club. Mr. Combellack has since been in charge of it and under his control it has grown to its present importance. It removed to 21 Harri- son Avenue in September, 1891. Mr. Combellack when he came to Waterbury found a reading room and library where boys who belonged to the club congregated at night and read such news- papers and books as best pleased them. They were not particularly cleanly, so he established a bath room and insisted that every member of the club should bathe at least once a week. This was a great improvement, and the boys soon learned cleanly habits. Mr. Combellack then added a little gymnasium, buying dumbbells and Indian clubs and invited the boys to exercise their muscles. This proved popular. No provision had been made to house the boys who came in from the street. They were obliged, when the club rooms closed, to return to the pavement and find shelter where they could. Mr. Combellack told the directors that they should furnish beds for the boys who had no homes, and with their sanction he rented the floor above the library and fitted up a dormitory in the winter of [892. He Vol. 1—18 274 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY found that Waterbury was the goal of many runaway boys from other towns who were in the habit of sleeping in freight cars and railroad yards or wherever they could find a place. He said that such boys should be taken to the club rooms and he organized his club members into a corps to search for and bring runaways to the club where they could have shelter until returned to their families. In this way, many runaways who might have been led to criminal lives have been re- stored to their homes or put to work at useful occupations. The dormitory naturally led to the establishment of a dining-room and kitchen, and then Mr. Combellack provided for the improvement of the boys' minds by organizing a class to teach them the rudiments. As the membership increased, he enlarged the gymnasium and engaged instructors to teach them in military drill, fencing and singing. The club was incorporated under the general joint stock law in May, 1895, Douglas F. Maltby being the first president. The following were the officers in 1897: President, D. F. Maltby; vice presi- dent, D. L. Smith ; secretary, A. C. Mintie ; treasurer, B. G. Bryan ; superin- tendent, Nicholas Combellack; directors, D. F. Maltby, A. C. Mintie, C. S. Chap- man, C. F. Mitchell and D. L. Smith. After occupying rooms at No. 4 Market Place until September, 1891, the club was located at 21 Harrison Avenue. The new home of the Boys' Club on Cottage Place, next to the Federal Build- ing, was opened January 9, 1906. The club proper occupies the second floor. The office is at the top of the first flight of stairs. The entrance, as well as all of the woodwork of the interior, is finished in quartered oak. The quartered oak office with its glass panels must be passed before any other portion of the club can be visited. Opening out of this office is the private office of the superintendent. The directors' room is immediately in front of the private office. The three rooms occupied by Superintendent Combellack and family are located in the front of the building. In the rear of the office is the dormitory in two galleries opening into the game room. Each room is fitted up with bed, dresser, clothes tree and chair. The large dining-room, kitchen and club parlors are to be found on the third floor. Read- ing rooms and class rooms are also to be found on this floor. Baths, shower and tub, are liberally sprinkled over the building. A large swimming tank in the basement affords one of the best indoor baths in the state. It has a raised wall all around it to prevent accidents. No boy can be pushed into the pool against his wish without considerable exertion on the part of the pusher. The first floor, rear, is fitted up with a combination gymnasium and game room. There are three rooms here which can at once be thrown into one for entertainments, if occasion requires. A stage has also been fitted up in the gymnasium. The building was erected and furnished throughout by generous friends of the institution. The bedrooms each bear the name of its donor or donors. A full list of these patrons and patronesses follows: Dr. William A. Goodrich, John C. Sherwood "in memory of Captain Colby," Miss Edith Kingsbury "in memory of her brother," the Young Women's Guild of Trinity Church, Dr. E. J. Abbott, a friend, L. W. Street, Miss E. D. Warner and Mrs. Julia V. W. Spencer "in memory of a brother," F. S. Chase's children, J. B. Burrall, Fletcher Judson. Mrs. T. I. Morton "in memory of her grandson," the Misses Katherine A. and Sarah J. Prichard, two rooms "in memory of David Prichard," Charles P. Kel- logg, Miss Hughes, Miss Annie Cables, Mrs. W. H. Holmes "in memory of WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 275 Dr. Walter Hamlin Holmes," .Mrs. George W. .Minor, Dr. W. O. Beecher, E. A. Bass, Levi Wilcox, Miss Burrall, A. E. Rice, a friend. The secret of success at the Boys' Club has been the aim of Mr. Combellack to make the institution as homelike as possible. For the comfort and entertain- ment of the hoys there now are the gymnasium, the bowling alleys, pool tables, dance hall and private orchestra, moving pictures, shower baths and the large swimming tank, private baths, a large dining-room, dramatic club, debating club, library equipped with 2,500 books, sitting room, game room and reception room. Air. Combellack runs the club to mjake both ends meet by turning out the best meals and affording the best rooming conditions available in this city for the price. The rates differ, the price being regulated according to the position held by the boy or young man. Prices run from two to five dollars a week. There is a homelike atmosphere which appeals to homeless boys and there is liberty for all members that the boys naturally prefer the club rather than a boarding house, which offers no such choice of occupations and recreations. Boys who live with their parents patronize the club extensively, enjoying the privileges of the game room, gymnasium, tank and dance hall. The first improvement on the new building was the establishment in 1913 of fourteen dormitories in the annex, a building next to the main club building and formerly the old Steele home. This is under the supervision of a competent matron. The rooms are well furnished. The next need for larger quarters was felt in the gymnasium. At the time the new building was put up, the "gym'' was considered large enough to meet the club's needs for years to come. It was not until 191 3 that the club felt able to undertake the extensive improvements necessary for the enlarging of the "gym." By knocking out the south wall and raising the roof eight feet, it was possible to enlarge the floor space from jo by 50 feet to 50 by 60 feet, and also to install a running track six feet wide, with twenty-seven laps to the mile. In his report of 1917, the superintendent speaks as follows of the work: "This has been a year of prosperity for the Boys' Club, and we have felt its results. We have cleared our indebtedness, paying off a debt of $18,000, so that we are now practically free from debt. ''Our membership has kept up to 1,000, its usual number. The gymnasium classes have been very popular, as they always are. The wireless class has a large membership, something very gratifying in these days when it has become necessary to prepare for all possible emergencies. "Our Sunday night pictures and lectures have steadily grown in popularity. We have shown the Paramount pictures and our average attendance has been 600. This branch of our work has been very greatly helped by the acquisition of a new Powers moving picture machine, $400 toward the cost of the machine, $602, being the gift of a friend of the club, and the balance paid by the boys them- selves. The boys have also purchased a new player piano and paid for the picture films, raising the money by collections among themselves and their friends. The I'.ronson Library has placed a number of interesting books in our club library, as a loan library for the boys, and many books have been taken out to be read in the homes. Our club savings bank has received a large number of deposits. The endowment fund, which should eventually amount to S50.000 in order to place the Boys' Club on a permanent basis has grown to $10,000 through the generosity of the late Mrs. Julia V. Warner Spencer." In 1908 Air. Combellack organized the Watt rbury Boys' Club Band, which was soon so well trained that in the following year it gave concerts in Hamilton Park. To begin, there were twenty-four boys in the band, ranging in age from 276 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Edward Osphalat, the 8-year-old drum major, to boys of sixteen. In 191 1 it was changed to the Waterbury Boys' Club Military Band, and a junior band for training was added. It has visited neighboring cities, and is a part of all parades in Waterbury. The present membership ranges from twenty-four to thirty. The following table gives a very good idea of the club's activities. It is a statement for 1916 and includes the savings bank statement: RECEIPTS FOR 1916 Balance $ 1,901.50 Miscellaneous 218.53 Interest on money in bank 75-59 Receipt from Wade Endowment 95.00 Gifts for special purposes 2,325.00 City Basket Ball League 82.79 Athletic meet 52.10 Band 808.00 Pool 163.75 Loan 202.88 Board 10,798.65 Lodgings 3,684.25 Memberships 410.30 Club rents 1,178.15 Entertainments 7 I 4~ 2 5 General gifts 3,244.00 ' Special gifts for debt 5,450.00 Total $31,404.74 EXPENDITURES FOR I916 Dining hall and kitchen $ 8,823.42 Bedrooms 834.53 Janitors 472.16 Salaries 2,669.50 Furnishings 908.73 Office 1 13.54 Lighting 7°7-49 Heating 1 ,529.69 Expense gift to Doctor Denman 300.00 Christmas entertainment 34-5° Amateur League 7 2 -79 Liquid soap 44- I0 Traveling expense, physical director 58.00 Incidentals 667.39 Tax on loan 62.80 Athletic Association 5 2 -io Athletic Association 1,291.68 Insurance 5°°4 I Interest 7 8 5-°° Repairs 1,215.12 WATER BURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 277 Entertainments 1,435.00 1 land 937-40 Loan 390.45 Water rent I 95-3 ( J Building fund 6,224.21 Balance 2,371.05 Total $31,404.74 Boys' savings bank account for 1916; number of deposits 47; amount de- posited, $178.35 : amount withdrawn, $176.10; balance on hand, $2.25. The officers for 1917 are: President, Cornelius Tracy; secretary, W. J. Lar- kin, Jr.; treasurer, Charles F. Mitchell. These, together with F. S. Chase, Hugh L. Thompson, Truman S. Lewis, Charles P. Kellogg and John S. Dye, form the board of directors. THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA The Boy Scouts of America established a Waterbury Council in September, 1913. Prior to that in 191 1 E. L. White had organized a Boy Scouts Troop at the Y. M. C. A., consisting of twenty-five boys. This formed the nucleus of the Boy Scout work in the city. This troop was superseded in January, 1912, by anotber organization called Troop I, with E. L. White as scout master. This troop met at St. John's Parish, as it was composed largely of boys from that church. In June, 1912, Troop 2 was organized at the First Methodist Church with C. F. Northrop as scout master. The first officers of the council were: Julius Maltby, president; W. J. Shana- han, secretary and treasurer, and E. L. White, scout commissioner. The work of the council consisted in extending the work, in organizing new troops and in supervising troops already organized. After Troop 9 was organ- ized it became apparent that the scout commissioner needed assistance, and C. F. Northrop .was appointed deputy scout commissioner in September, 191 5. During 191 5 Troops 10 to 21 were organized, giving a total membership at the end of 191 5 of approximately three hundred. Mr. Northrop now gave part time to the work on salary. In April, 19 16, a financial campaign for funds was begun to raise $12,000 to continue the work for three years. This was the first of the financial campaigns along these lines conducted in Waterbury, and instead ot $12,000, the amount raised was $24,000. Troop 31, organized at St. Ann's Roman Catholic Church, was the last one instituted up to November 1, 19 17, but in December five new troops were to be in shape for organization. The total membership December 1, 191 7, was 750. The officers of the council now are: Darragh deLancey, president; C. H. W. Newton, T. F. Carmody, H. H. Heminway, vice presidents; C. E. Spencer, Jr., treasurer; E. S. Sanderson, scout commissioner; C. F. Northrop, secretary and scout executive. The Waterbury Scouts have been a great aid in all of the war work, assist- ing particularly in both Liberty Loan campaigns and in co-operating with the Red Cross. The Boy Scout movement seeks to help boys on leaving school to escape the evils of "blind alley" occupations, that is, such work as gives the boy a mere wage for the moment, but leaves him stranded without any trade or handicraft to pursue when he is a man and so send him as a recruit to the great army of unemployed, and what is worse, the unemployable. 278 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Scoutcraft includes instruction in first aid, life saving, tracking, signaling, cycling, Nature study, seamanship, campcraft, woodcraft, chivalry and all of the handicrafts. No expensive equipment is required. All that is needed is the out- of-doors, a group of boys and a competent leader. By combining wholesome, attractive, out-door activities with the influence of the Scout oath and law, the movement develops character. In scouting, the boy does not stand still. The opportunity and incentive for progress is always at hand. He becomes a tenderfoot, and then a second class Scout, and then a first class Scout. After this, the whole sphere of the Scout program is made available by the boy's own application in qualifying himself to pass the test for the various merit badges. There are now among the Boy Scouts, a number who have become expert in making fire by friction, that is by the "Bow" method of rubbing sticks. Fire by friction was first made in Waterbury scout ranks by Raymond Bedell, formerly of Troop 2, now assistant scout master in Troop i, at Oakville. His fastest time was 35% seconds. Since then in local and state competitions the record has gone steadily down. James Walker of Troop 11, Bunker Hill, broke the world's record for Scouts in a meet at Bristol, March 3, 1917, making it in 13% seconds. Shortly after in an exhibition at the Brooklyn Athletic Club of this city he lowered this record to 12 seconds flat. In the fall scout meet held at Hamil- ton Park, October 6th, he again broke his record, lowering it to 11 seconds. He will soon in all likelihood make the record 10 seconds or better, as he has already done this in practice. Paul Steere and Jos. DeMunda of Troop 1 1 have both done faster than 12 seconds. In the knot-tying contest Waterbury holds the state record, John Kitchenka of Troop 3 having made it in 18 seconds. Scout meets are held regularly on February 8th, the anniversary of the scout movement, and usually a state meet is held about February 22d. It is also customary to hold local and state meets in October. In the last two state meets Waterbury outpointed all other cities in the state combined. THE WATERBURY INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND GIRLS' CLUB The Waterbury Industrial School and Girls' Club, founded to meet a great social need in 1865, is still working along the same general lines of helpfulness outlined by those far-seeing men and women in the earlier years of Waterbury's history. In 1890, through the generosity of Elisha Leavenworth, who gave it $10,000 toward a building fund, it opened the beautiful building on Central Avenue. In 1895 its charter was amended so that the corporation could hold property to the amount of $100,000. On the death of Mr. Leavenworth in 191 1, in addition to a gift of $25,000, the Waterbury Industrial School Association was bequeathed the Leavenworth house and part of the property touching upon the original site of the school itself. The house was moved back from West Main Street, placed so as to front upon Park Place, renovated, and so fitted up that ten children, besides three boarders, could be accommodated in it. The house is now used as a home for the teachers and is in charge of the director, Miss Margaret M. Goodwin. In 19 14 the playground, which was part of the old Leavenworth garden, was opened and has been one of the most successful of the school's activities. For small children there are now daily classes in cooking, sewing, knitting, WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 279 embroidery, nursing and housekeeping. These are held from 4 to 5 130 each after- noon during eight months of the year. The little ones pay 5 cents a month for this privilege. Similar classes arc held in the evenings from 7:30 to 9:30 for girls who work during the day. For this privilege, the girls pay $1.00 a year. Twice a month there are social evenings and quite often during the season there are amateur dramatic performances and dances. There are five teachers regularly employed and twenty-live volunteer teachers. ( >ne paid employee devotes all her time to the bathing facilities. These are showers and tub baths which are patronized daily by the children from poorer families and from the congested districts. The officers in 1893 were: President, Mrs. S. E. Harrison; vice president, Mrs. A. S. Chase; secretary, Mrs. G. C. Hill; treasurer, Katherine L. Peck; prudential committee, Mrs. Rufus E. Smith, Katherine L. Peck, Elisha Leaven- worth, ]•'. B. Rice, A. S. Chase. The officers for 1917 are: President, Miss Katherine D. Hamilton; vice president, Mrs. Katherine L. Peck; treasurer, Mrs. Nelson A. Pomeroy; secre- tary. Mrs. Edyth A. Allen; auditor, Mrs. Albert D. Field; assistant auditor, Miss Delia Field; prudential committee, Mrs. Katherine D. Hamilton, Mrs. Katherine L. Peck, Otis S. Northrop, Arthur R. Kimball, John H. Goss. The income of the association is derived from private donations, an endow- ment fund, and from the fees from pupils. To make it thoroughly effective, the work is not being carried on simply within the school, but all those who are actively engaged as teachers and assist- ants are making it a part of their work to visit the homes of their pupils, thus taking a personal interest in each child and gaining an insight into what that child most needs to make her a good American woman. At the present time there is a total of ten cooking classes — five afternoon and five evening classes, and also two supper clubs. These supper clubs are one of the new departures in the school work. They are made up of the older girls who work during the daytime. Because of their novelty and departure from the usual run of cooking classes, the supper clubs are specially interesting, but there is no lack of interest or of enthusiasm in just the plain cooking classes. The afternoon classes are made up of girls between the ages of eight and fourteen years. No girl who takes cooking in the public schools is supposed to take cooking at the industrial school. The classes begin with the most simple recipes and gradually work up through the harder and more difficult concoctions until they are able to master bread, cake, pie, etc. The tasks which are set before the little workers are the very homely tasks of washing old tins, scrubbing sinks, cleaning stoves and the like, but the children enter into them with a zest that accomplishes wonders. To keep up this interest, the leaders are having the children make scrapbooks in which, by means of pic- tures cut from magazines, they arrange kitchens to suit their own tastes. Thus they learn how to plan with an eye for saving needless steps. In their visits to the homes of the children, the leaders see wherein the lessons taught at school are applied to home conditions and this transplanting into the homes what has been learned outside is unconsciously passed from the daughters to the mothers, and before long it becomes the customary way of doing things in that child's home. 280 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY WATERBURY INSTITUTE OF CRAFT AND INDUSTRY The Waterbury Institute of Craft and Industry, known until 1908 as the Young Women's Friendly League, is now in its twenty-eighth year of usefulness. It was organized in 1889 and incorporated in 1893. I ts teachers are in charge of Miss Harriet Goddard Brown, and most of them are graduates of Drexel Insti- tute, Philadelphia. These instructors, whose departments give some idea of the nature of the institution's work, are as follows: Miss Helen C. Palmatary, director of the school of housekeeping; instructor in cookery and household economics ; Miss Helen J. Long, director and instructor of the courses in domestic art ; Miss E. Lillian Gillespie, instructor of the courses in domestic art; instructor of the courses in handicraft; Mrs. Albert H. Fassen- der, instructor of the courses in pillow-lace-making; Miss Phyllis D. Clarke, director and instructor of physical training; Miss Helene Cecil Tuttle, director and instructor of the courses in expression and dramatic art; Arthur Schuckai, director of the institute chorus. The institution has now approximately two hundred pupils. It is supported by the tuition of the students and by private donations. The institute owns its building on Leavenworth Street. Its officers in 1917 are: President, Anna L. Ward; vice presidents, Mrs. Frederick D. Buckley, Mrs. Arthur Reed Kimball, Mrs. Edward T. Root, Mrs. Otis S. Northrop, Mrs. Frederick Wilcox, Mrs. Jay H. Hart; treasurer, Floren- tine H. Hayden; recording secretary, Ellen R. Townsend; auditor, George E. Judd ; advisory board, Mrs. Frederick M. Peasley, James S. Elton, Otis S. Northrop, Irving H. Chase, Archer J. Smith, Henry L. Rowland. For nineteen years its annual exhibitions have given the people of Waterbury a fair conception of the extent and thoroughness of its work. On June 7, 1917, at its exhibition for this year, its new department in dietetics prepared meals in accordance with charts defining the number of calories necessary to sustain life according to the nature of occupation, height, weight, etc. In the department of domestic art Miss Helen J. Long, the director, ex- hibited an extensive array of wearing apparel, including suits, dresses, lingerie, waists, skirts and hats. Attractive collar and cuff sets made from odd material were an interesting feature of the display. Hand work in the form of beaded work, embroidery and fancy stitching were in evidence on many of the dresses. The feature of the display was the handicraft department, containing numer- ous exhibitions of loom work, including rugs and table covers of the most attractive styles. There are nine looms at the institute, and all were used con- stantly during the past year. Miss DeNeergaard, the instructor, had also on hand many pieces of hand tooled leather and basketware, trays and other articles in which block printed silk, an old industry revived, is used. There were also splendid exhibits of pillow lace making, made under the supervision of Mrs. Fassender. THE TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN WATERBURY The temperance movement in Waterbury was at its height in 1894 and 1895. There was then in existence the Evergreen Temple of Honor No. 16, with George S. Butler as president, a branch of a national temperance association. This was dissolved in 1897. The Good Templars had one lodge known as "Fraternity," which remained in existence from 1894 to 1899. Its first president WATER BURY AXI) THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY 281 was William Loncka. The Good Templars in 1904 established Oscar 11 Lodge No. 50, with Andrew Olson as its first president. It still exists with a member- ship of nearly a hundred and with A. M. Anderson as its chief official and Carl G. Fogelberg and Andrew Munson as secretary and treasurer, respectively. The Sons of Temperance also had a brief existence here, with High Rock Division, which began its work in 1894 and dissolved in 1898. Its first presiding officer was Arthur Hall. The most determined campaign along temperance lines was waged during this period by the Catholic societies. In 1895 St. Joseph's Total Abstinence Society was organized and has been in existence ever since. Its meetings were at the outset held in St. Patrick's Hall and on every second Sunday in the month a mass meeting open to the public was arranged. It had its offices in the old Lilley Block and its first officers were : President, J. J. McDonald ; vice president, J. F. McKnight ; recording secretary, P. F. Shields; financial secretary, Thomas Luddy ; treasurer, D. J. Casey. Its present officers are: President, Edward Dowling; recording secretary, M. H. Scully; financial secretary, William F. Guilfoile; treasurer, Jeremiah Dillane. The society now has its own clubhouse at East Main and Maple streets. St. Patrick's Total Abstinence Society with Father J. H. Duggan as spiritual head and John F. Galvin as president, was organized in 1895 an d did splendid work for some years, merging later into other church activities along similar lines. The St. Aloysius Total Abstinence Society existed from 1896 to 1905, when it also merged into another similar church body. The St. Francis Xavier Temperance Cadets were organized March 27, 1897, and continue to be a splendid influence for good in the community. The present officers are : President, Raymond Bergin ; secretary, James Kelly ; director, Rev. James J. Egan. The Waterbury Roman Catholic Total Abstinence and Benevolent Society, which was organized February 21, i860, was a flourishing organization in 1895 with the following officers: President, Henry R. Byrnes; vice president, James Meagher; recording secretary, John Thompson; financial secretary, William C. Keenan; corresponding secretary, William Duncan; chaplain and treasurer, Rev. Hugh Treanor; Marshal, James Eustace. This was a powerful organization which had made Father Matthew's cause its own, and its meetings on each second Sunday in St. Patrick's Hall were largely attended. It was active in its work until 1905, when its duties were assumed by other church bodies. The Murphy Temperance Club, of which Adelbert F. Chandler was presi- dent, the Young Men's Temperance Union, J. F. Mix, president, and the Tem- perance Alliance of which Rev. W. P. Elsdon was the head, had brief but active existences during 1895 and 1896. From 1895 to 1899 the Helping Hand Society of the Second Congregational Church held public temperance gatherings. There was also a Reform Club which, under the direction of Rev. R. A. Nichols, held Sunday afternoon temperance meetings at Jacques Theater. Practical work in the temperance cause was done by the Union Rescue Mis- sion, a movement in which the men and women of the whole city took an interest. It began its labors in 1895. Its first officials were: President, Aaron A. Bene- dict; vice president, Mrs. F. F. Cook; secretary, Rev. J. G. Davenport; treasurer, A. C. Mintie; board of management, Revs. W. P. Elsdon, Joseph Ander- son, T. G. Davenport, G. Eldridge, F. S. Townsend, C. Pike ; Messrs. E. S. Robbins, A. C. Mintie, A. A. Benedict, J. N. Webb, G. H. Woodruff, T. Patchen; Mesdames F. F. Cook, F. L. Allen, O. E. Brower, A. C. Peck, N. Jenkins, G. O. 282 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Robbins, J. H. Tripp, K. H. Simons, T. D. Bassett, R. M. Strong, W. A. Holgate, W. Berkeley; executive committee, the above named officers and Mrs. G. O. Robbins, Rev. Frank S. Townsend, Mrs. R. M. Strong; committee on superin- tendent, Rev. J. G. Davenport, E. S. Robbins; committee on rooms, A. C. Mintie, Mrs. G. O. Robbins, Rev. C. Pike, E. S. Robbins, Mrs. K. H. Simons. In 1898 it had established itself at 267 South Main Street with John E. Hendsey as superintendent. In 1900 Edgar Forrest was superintendent, but the city in 1901 took up the charitable end of the work and the mission was dis- continued. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union has been a quiet but consistent and persistent advocate of the cause in Waterbury for much over a quarter of a century. In 1895 its meetings were held at 267 South Main Street in the rooms of the Union Rescue Mission. Its officers then were: President, Mrs. F. F. Cock , vice presidents, Mrs. Asa Peck, Mrs. N. Jenkins, Mrs. G. O. Robbins, Mrs. J. H. Tripp, Mrs. K. H. Simons, Mrs. R. A. 'Nichols, Mrs. W. A. Holgate, Mrs. C. S. Gaylord, Mrs. G. S. Fields; recording secretary, Mrs. O. E. Brower; acting corresponding secretary, Mrs. F. F. Cook ; treasurer, Mrs. F. L. Allen. These represented practically all of the Protestant churches in the city. From 1900 to 1903 the W. C. T. U. met in Alliance Hall. In 1903 the organ- ization moved to 149 South Main and in 1906 it went to 47 East Main Street. Its present officers are as follows : President, Mrs. Frank F. Cook ; record- ing secretary, Mrs. Charles Wickwire; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Edwin Morgan; treasurer, Mrs. James Angrave ; Mrs. W. Schofield, city missionary; directors, Mrs. V. M. Neeld, Mrs. Wm. Holgate, St., Mrs. Edw. Morgan, Mrs. N. Jenkins, Mrs. Wm. Thompson, Mrs. Milton Wittier. Mrs. Wm. Thompson is chairman of the medal contest and supervises an annual competition among school children for the best recitation or essay on a temperance topic. THE EARLY CLOSING MOVEMENT The movement for early closing of business houses has been a continuous agitation beginning with the first organization of business men in the community. One of the first accomplishments, and this dates back to 1900, was the agreement to keep stores open on only two nights of each week, Wednesday and Saturday. Prior to that, there had been three nights of work, including Tuesday, in many if not most of the stores of the city. The efforts of the present chamber of commerce were for five years directed to a 9 o'clock closing on both Wednesday and Saturday. In April, 1917, the business men's branch of the chamber of commerce finally managed to get the merchants together for a conference. At this the signatures were obtained, and the 9 o'clock closing, both Wednesday and Saturday, has been in effect ever since. There are but few stores outside of the agreement. The movement for a Tuesday afternoon holiday during the summer months was agitated for years, but was only spasmodically carried out by a few mer- chants until 1908, when, under the chairmanship of H. W. Langley, a committee visited all of the merchants and secured their consent to the inauguration of the half holiday in 1908. From July to Labor Day, the Tuesday half holiday has been the rule. A fpw of the hardware stores and others, however, give the Saturday half holiday. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 283 THE COMMUNITY CHRISTMAS TREES Waterbur) was one of the first cities in the country rind the first in Connecticut to establish the custom of the Community Christmas Tree. This was due to Rev. John X. Lewis, who. in 1913, collected funds privately and put up a tree on The Green. The city, through Mayor Scully, took up the idea next year and since then it has been an annual event. A loose organization known as the Christmas Tree Committee exists, which is called together by the mayor annually and ordered to find a tree and make arrangements for its decoration and dedication. The park and street superin- tendents furnish labor and supervise the cutting and erection of the tree. The electric light company furnishes free current for the lighting and the tree is wired free by local electrical contractors. The printing offices furnish song sheets and usually there has been a volunteer chorus of school children, trained by the music supervisor, to lead the thousands who assemble in a program of Christ- mas and patriotic music. A bugle sounds, and the lights are turned on to music by a band. All this takes place annually on Christmas Eve. It was decided in [917 not to bring out the school children in a body as the weather sometimes makes the affair in the nature of a hardship for the youngsters. In 1916 the tree was erected in Library Park, but in 191 7 it was on The Green once more. The committee organized in 1917 by electing Rev. John N. Lewis chairman and William J. Pape, clerk. There is a project to plant a growing spruce or pine on The Green so that Waterbury will have a permanent Christmas tree and not have to ravage the woods anew each year. elisha Leavenworth's benefactions The will of Elisha Leavenworth, made October 17, 1910, the year prior to his death, has become an historic document for Waterbury. He was, perhaps, the greatest of the city's philanthropists, and had during his life time given much toward the betterment and the beautirication of Waterbury. The gifts, the first of the donations to the Mattatuck Historical Society and to the Waterbury In- dustrial School and Home for Girls, are all mentioned in their proper chapters. The will itself after many individual bequests to relatives and others, gave $15,000 to the Petersburg, Ya., Home for the Sick. Its Waterbury public bequests were as follows : To the Waterbury Plospital he bequeathed $io,coo for general purposes and $10,000 for the purpose of maintaining ''a free bed in said hospital, to be known as the Cynthia Leavenworth free bed, in memory of my deceased wife, for the use of such persons as may be designated by the executive committee of said hospital, the same to be to it and its successors forever." His bequest to the Waterbury Industrial School was $45,000, of which $25,000 was to be invested and the income only to be used for the general pur- poses of the school. The remaining $20,000 was given to the school "to provide an income which is to be used solely for the purpose of providing fuel for the needy of said Waterbury, and in case it shall not all he needed for the purpose, for the purpose of giving aid in the payment of rent for such of the needy of said Waterburv, without regard to nationality or religious creed, as the executive officers of said school may designate." To the Mattatuck Historical Society he gave $90,000 of which $40,000 was to be used for site and building and the income of the remainder to aid in defray- ing the general purposes of the society. 284 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY He bequeathed $50,000 to the City of Waterbury, the income to be used "for the purpose of purchasing equipment and supplies for and otherwise maintaining a manual training school or instruction in manual training in any of the public schools of said City of Waterbury." His executors, Edwin S. Hunt and John R. Clayton, were empowered to erect "on the westerly end of the Public Square or Green, in Waterbury, a statue to Benjamin Franklin, with such necessary surroundings, railings and pavement as to them, my executors, shall seem wise and proper, and to expend for the purpose a sum not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000)." To the First Congregational Society of Waterbury he left $5,000. To the Boys' Club of Waterbury, $2,500. To the Waterbury Institute of Crafts and Industry, $3,000. To the Day Nursery of Waterbury, $3,coo. To the Riverside Cemetery Association, $5,000. To the Southmayd Home for Old Ladies, $20,000. To the Silas Bronson Library, $10,000. For the improvement and maintenance of Chase Park, $5,000. To the Connecticut Children's Aid Society of Newington, Conn., $3,000. To the Mount Carmel, Conn., Children's Iiome, $3,000. To St. Mary's Hospital, Waterbury, $5,000. He finally bequeathed "the rest, residue and remainder of my estate, real and personal, wheresoever situated, in equal shares, one share to The Colonial Trust Company as aforesaid in trust for the City of Waterbury for the purposes and on the terms and conditions mentioned in Article Twenty-Ninth of this will (manual training school), one share to said Southmayd Home, one share to said Waterbury Hospital, one share to said Waterbury Industrial School, and one share to said Mattatuck Historical Society." CHAPTER XXIII CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS, BUSINESS, SOCIAL. PROFESSIONAL AND PATRIOTIC THE WATERBURY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE ITS BEGINNING AS THE MERCHANTS' ASSOCIATION THE WATERBURY CLUB ITS NEW HOME THE COUNTRY CLUB WATERBURY DRIVING ASSOCIATION AUTOMOBILE CLUB NATURALIST CLUB THE ELKS CLUB OTHER SOCIAL CLUBS PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WOMEN'S CLUBS AND SOCIETIES — ATHLETIC AND SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS THE G. A. R. AND W. R. C. WATERBURY's REPRESENTATION IN STATE PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES SARSFIELD CLUB. The Waterbury Chamber of Commerce, which is just now learning to walk as a commercial and civic organization with a permanent headquarters and per- manent secretary, is the outgrowth of a series of associations of business men, dating back to the commercial beginnings of the city. As a chamber of commerce it is only four years old and until February 26, 191 7, had no permanent office. In May, 1897, Waterbury merchants took steps to organize an association. On Thursday, May 20, 1897, in the former Congress Hall, in the Moriarty Block, the first meeting of the Waterbury Merchants' Association was called to order with John B. Mullings as temporary chairman. The experience of the New Haven Retail Merchants' Association inspired this movement and the meeting was addressed by Messrs. Howe, Hunn, Hart, Johnson and O'Connor of New Haven, with such effect that the meeting immediately proceeded to effect per- manent organization. . The records of the association show that the first officers were John B. Mullings, president; John Moriarty, first vice president; Thomas D. Barlow, second vice president; Charles E. Hall, secretary; Edward Fitzgerald, treasurer. The first directors were, L. F. Haase, Isadore Chase, J. G. Cutler, W. A. Guilfoile, F. G. Humphrey, Jacob Kaiser, Thomas H. Hewitt, C. F. Trott, W. D. Upson, Chas. Boylan. The charter members of this association were the following : The Upson & Singleton Company, clothiers; Apothecaries Hall Company; C. R. Russell, agricultural implements; C. A. Bailey, meat and groceries; Spen- cer & Pierpont, groceries ; Frank Miller & Company, coal dealers ; Fred E. Gill- mor, clothier and hatter ; Woodford & Allen, boots and shoes; A. F. Taylor, house painter; Waterbury Grocery Company; W. Easton Smith, crockery; Geo. W. Minor, plumber; C G. Belden, tailor; Alfred A. Adt, photographer; S. M. Kern, hatter and furnisher; Boston Furniture Company; Turnbull & Company, dry goods; Curran's, dry goods; Geo. Harrington, cigar manufacturer; N. S. Snow, fish market; T. P. Hutchinson, shoe store; E. W. Hale, news dealer and stationer; W. H. Lowe, real estate; Martin Bergen, stationer and undertaker; Waterbury Blank Book Company; Maier Kaiser, clothier; Reid & Llughes, dry goods; Con- Ion Bros., dry goods ; Jas. Coughlin, meat market ; Trott Baking Company, bakery ; Connecticut Boot and Shoe Company ; LI. G. Dodge & Company, boots and shoes*; 285 286 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The L. F. Haase Company, interior decorators ; Chas. Ochsner, meat market ; C. H. Hart, real estate; The H. W. Keeler Company, plumbers; John Moriarty, furniture ; J. G. Twining, furniture ; John J. Geraghty, boots and shoes ; Lake & Strobel, jewelers; City Lumber & Coal Company; Jones, Morgan & Company, clothiers; John McElligott, coal and wood; The Barlow Bros. Company, plumb- ers and gas fitters ; The Driggs & Smith Company, pianos ; The Upson Jewelry Company; E. J. Finn, boots and shoes; Lucy & Fitzgerald, shoe dealers; E. G. Kilduff, clothier ; Henry Schwartz, for the Rochester Clothing Company ; W. A. Guilfoile, meat market; Isadore Chase, millinery; Wm. Riether, meat market; J. G. Cutler Company, harnessmakers ; Chas. Boylan, York State Butter Com- pany ; Simon Bohl, meat market ; John C. Latus, confectionery and news depot ; The Miller & Peck Company, dry goods; J. B. Mullings, clothiers; The Hewitt Grocery Company, grocers; M. J. Byrne, lawyer; A. W. Castle, meat market; J. H. Devereaux & Company, news dealers ; Waterbury Boot & Shoe Company ; P. J. Bolan, hardware; Wm. W. Jones, boots and shoes; H. B. Sanderson, meat market; W. J. Cassidy, grocer; Bauby Bros., fruit dealers; Martin J. Fahy, plumber ; The Chas. Thatcher Company, plumbers ; A. F. Cowles, millinery ; Thomas F. Casey & Company, druggists ; John B. Ebbs, druggist ; The D. B. Wilson Company, hardware ; C. Siebert, manager Singer Manufacturing Com- pany; J. F. Phelan, tea store; W. N. Ladd, groceries; S. A. Kingman, furniture; The Bonner Preston Company; William H. Hall, tailor; Wright & Weible, tea store ; E. F. Piatt, groceries. One of the first campaigns of the association was in the direction of uniform procedure in regard to opening and closing of stores, in addition to such prob- lems as street lighting, credit ratings for use of merchants only and store lighting. Meetings of the association were held in different places, one of the most popular meeting places being the office of Atty. M. J. Byrne. In 1899 the records show that the association was interesting itself in parcel post, food exhibits, merchants' carnivals, collection of bad debts, and occasionally in important municipal problems. In 1S99 the membership of the association was 108. In that year the State Association of Business Men was formed and Waterbury was represented at the first meeting by John B. Mullings. The committees appointed in 1899 had the following titles : Executive and legislative, arbitration and complaints, trans- portation and insurance, debts and debtors, telegraph, telephone and postal facili- ties, lighting and water facilities, house accounts, clothing, organization. Early in its career the Merchants' Association took up the problem of trading stamps which was finally disposed of by the state. Other questions agitated were extension of trolley facilities, lower rates for telephone service, improvement of telephone service, and improvement of railroad service. The association also seems to have accomplished some results in the direction of improved mail service. At the annual meeting held January 11, 1902, it was voted to change the name of the Waterbury Merchants' Association to that of the Waterbury Business Men's Association. The annual dues were kept at the same figure, $5.00 per year, and Warren L. Flail was chosen its first president. The character of the associa- tion was much the same as under the old name, but the records show that the activities of the association were broadening gradually. In February, 1902, the association put itself on record in favor of securing a Government building for Waterbury, a step which was completed when the city had its present Federal Building in which the postoffice is located, erected on Grand Street. It was in 1902 also that the Waterbury Business Men's Association first took steps to urge upon the railroad company the necessity for the erection of a Union Station in Waterbury. PES ID P a WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 287 During the period between the change from the Waterbury Merchants' Asso- ciation to the Waterbury Business .Men's Association, there was an undercurrent in favor of broadening the sphere and work of the association, but the member- ship was still confined to 100 merchants and a few professional men, and most of its activities were therefore along lines of interest only to its members. With a larger number of professional men in the ranks and a few manufac- turing concerns, there was a sincere desire to shape the affairs of the organization for the benefit of the community as a trading center. Thus the extension of the trolley system, the improvement of state roads and municipal needs were topics of discussion at meetings. Legislative enactments which were designed to im- prove or to impair Waterbury as a business and residential community were carefully considered and efforts made to demonstrate the true state of public sentiment by trips to the state capitol at Hartford during sessions of the General Assembly. These undertakings were always led by the Business Men's Associa- tion and were more or less effective. In Tanuary, 1913, at the annual meeting of the Waterbury Business Men's Association the following officers were elected: President, Charles A. Colley; first vice president, A. K. Chattaway ; second vice president, Charles E. Puffer; directors, William E. Fulton, Almon C. Judd, John C. Sherwood, Frederick S. Chase, Dr. Frank J. Erbe, Charles L. Campbell, William J. Larkin, Earl R. Hudson, C. H. Preston, Jr., A. S. Lyall, W. F. Harper, Harry C. Post, C. S. Redmond, James W. Galavin, Harry A. Lennon, Archie T. Jones, Robert P. Lewis; secretary. Miles F. McXiff ; treasurer, Samuel A. Chase; auditors, William J. Pape, Harris W. Langley. In accepting the presidency, Mr. Colley announced that he favored renaming the organization the Chamber of Commerce, and this was accordingly done. This change, together with an aggressive personal campaign for membership which Mr. Colley began as soon as he was elected, brought a great change into the organization. Within five months the membership, which was about two hundred in January, 19 13, was increased to about five hundred and when the first year of Mr. Colley's service as president was concluded the membership was about six hundred. This brought the attention of the whole state to the change made here. Mr. Colley was for some time one of the directors of the State Chamber of Commerce and did much to keep the Waterbury organization before the public eye as an after-dinner speaker and a progressive director of the state organization. There was a demand here for a new state armory and also for a normal school and the chamber of commerce did much to influence the general assembly in favor of them, but thus far without avail. One of the outstanding features of the chamber's activity under Mr. Colley was the social prominence of the organization. Its banquets were notable events, with celebrated speakers among the guests. Its hospitality was extended to the large delegation of the Boston Chamber of Commerce which made a visit to inspect Waterbury in 1914, and to a committee of legislators who made a visit to inspect the old state armory, but who were so well entertained that they forgot all about the wretched building they had seen and forgot to find an appropriation for a new one. There was a splendid municipal budget exhibit made under the auspices of the chamber of commerce, following an extensive survey by the Bureau of Municipal Research of New York. The chamber of commerce also handled the celebration of Old Home Week, which took place here Thanksgiving week, 19 15, in connection with the completion of the new City Hall and the dedication of the clock on The Green. 288 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Publicity of an aggressive type also was a feature of the chamber's work in the days of Mr. Colley's administration. Handsome folders with views of the city were printed in quantities and distributed everywhere, and, except during the summer months, the Chamber of Commerce Bulletin was issued monthly with comments and original articles on topics of the hour. Most of these were from the pen of Mr. Colley himself, but some were contributed. With all this there was still much to be desired and Mr. Colley felt the need of a permanent headquarters and a secretary who would be employed to give all his time to chamber activities. He insisted in 1915 that he would not serve a fourth term and pointed out that the work of the chamber was growing and there was need of a secretary who could give it all his attention. He was pre- vailed upon to run again and was elected president in 19 16, even after he declared that he would have to be paid a salary of $1,200 if he should hold the office another year. In recognition also of the extra work of the secretary, Miles F. McNiff, a young attorney, who also was re-elected, was given a larger salary, so that the chamber's payroll jumped from $300 a year to $1,800 per year. At the end of that year the salary of the president was discontinued, and the nominating committee brought in a recommendation that a permanent secretary be employed. The officers and directors elected in January, 1917, are named below : President, Nathaniel R. Bronson ; vice presidents, Charles E. Puffer, and Alexander S. Lyall ; treasurer, Samuel A. Chase; directors, Edward W. Beach, John M. Burrall, Frederick S. Chase, Charles A. Colley, Darragh DeLancey, Dr. F. J. Erbe, James W. Galavin, Atty. Frank P. Guilfoile, William T. Larkin, Martin* J. McEvoy, Atty. Miles F. McNiff, Harry C. Post, John C. Sherwood, Charles A. Templeton, Cornelius Tracy. T. F. Barry, former managing editor of the Waterbury Republican, was elected secretary of the chamber of commerce and the chamber opened head- quarters February 26th, at 108 Bank Street. From the beginning of this period the chamber has been more active and more interested in all local activities. During the year 191 7 it assisted in all undertakings of a community nature incident to the war. Two Red Cross membership campaigns, food conservation movements, Liberty Loan campaigns, recruiting campaigns for the army, navy, officers' training camps and co-operation with the local exemption boards and the draftees of the city and surrounding territory are outstanding features of its war work program. Its officers have been re-elected for service in 19 18 and while its activities of this year have depleted its treasury, with the exception of a reserve fund of $4,000 judiciously set aside during President Colley's administration, it is facing the future with hope of opportunities for greater service to the community and anticipation of generous and stanch support while it continues to give service. THE WATERRURY CLUR The Waterbury Club was organized September 20, 1881, with thirty members. Its first president was Augustus S. Chase, with D. S. Plume and Charles Dickin- son as vice presidents, Mark L. Sperry as secretary, and F. L. Curtiss as treasurer. In July, 1894, the club moved from small quarters in the Waterbury Bank Building, which had been taken in 1899, to the large house on North Main Street built by Dr. Alfred North. In 1916, when the new building on West Main Street was planned, the old club house was sold to the Fraternal Order of Eagles, who at once took possession, the club moving to the top floor of the Elton. THE COUNTRY CLUB, WATERBLTRY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 289 The new club house, of which the architect is Cass Gilbert of New York, is in the Colonial style of architecture. It has a length of 135 feet on Central Avenue and a frontage of 68 feet on West Main Street. It is three stories in height and of brick construction, the interior to be finished largely in oak. In the basement there will be three bowling alleys, with a large squash court on the West Main Street front. The gymnasium, which occupies the rear of the building for its full width, takes up the remainder of the basement and part of the first floor and will be one of the finest athletic rooms in the state. On the main floor the entire West Main Street front will be occupied by a sumptuously furnished lounging room. At the rear of this, with a lobby entrance, will be the cafe on one side and the billiard room on the other. The rear of this floor is the upper part of the gymnasium. On the second floor the club dining-room will front on West Main Street. Behind this are to be the kitchen and card rooms on the Central Avenue side. Over the gymnasium there will be a finely-equipped ladies' dining-room and ladies' lounging room. The library is to be close to this. On the third floor the Home Club will have its bachelor quarters. The entire West Main Street front is to be a lounging room. There are to be eighteen apartments for club members, with a balcony extending along the Central Avenue side and another on the opposite side. Servants' quarters are provided for on the fourth floor. It is believed the club house will be ready for occupancy by the late spring of 1918. The Club Site Committee, which is in general charge of the construction work, consists of Arthur R. Kimball, George A. Driggs, George Rockwell, F. S. Chase, Edwin C. Northrop, and Charles E. Spencer, Jr. The present officers are : President, Charles E. Spencer, Jr. ; secretary, Lewis M. Hart; treasurer, Edwin C. Northrop. The presidents of the Waterbury Club have been as follows, with year of election : August S. Chase, 1881 ; James S. Elton, 1892; Mark L. Sperry, 1894; Fred- erick B. Rice, 1898; George L. White, 1899; Arthur O. Jennings, 1901 ; Lewis A. Piatt, 1902; Charles S. Rodman, 1904; Robert F. Griggs, 1905; Lewis A. Piatt, 1907; C. M. Clark, 1910; A. R. Kimball, 1912 ; Charles E. Spencer, Jr., 1915. THE COUNTRY CLUB OF WATERBURY The Country Club of Waterbury was the immediate successor of the Water- bury Golf Association, which had a small clubhouse and a nine-hole golf course on the golf lots on West Main Street, following the east shore of the Naugatuck River northwards. It was in existence from 1898 until succeeded by the new organization. The last officials of the Golf Association were : Frederick J. Brown, president; Howard S. White, secretary; I. P. Kellogg, treasurer. The Waterbury Country Club, formed in 1907, was incorporated in 1908. Its first officials were: President, George L. White; secretary, Frederick J. Brown; treasurer, William B. Merriman. The grounds, 183 acres, on what is now known as the Country Club Road, on the outskirts of Middlebury, were in 1908 laid out for golf and tennis, and a beautiful clubhouse erected. In 191 7 two additional tennis courts were laid out, making six in all now open for use by members. Vol. 1— in 290 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The present officers are: W. W. Holmes, president; S. P. Williams, secre- tary; Roberts G. Hannegan, treasurer. Former President Wm. H. Taft is an honorary member. THE WATERBURY DRIVING ASSOCIATION The Waterbury Driving Association was organized in 1889, as tne Waterbury Driving Company, leasing the grounds on the Watertown Road and laying out the present driving park. The association has held no races during recent years, although sub-letting to others who have given meets. The present officers are : President, Thomas Bland : secretary, Henry W. Minor ; treasurer, Frank Hayes. THE WATERBURY AUTOMOBILE CLUB The Waterbury Automobile Club, organized through the efforts of Almon C. Judd, February 20, 1909, was active for some years in the work of protecting the interests of automobile owners. It has done but little along these lines during the past two years. Its present officers are: President, W. W. Holmes; treasurer, H. S. Seeley. THE NATURALIST CLUB The Naturalist Club of Waterbury was organized in June, 1895, through the efforts of H. F. Bassett, then librarian of the Bronson Library. It has held its meetings on the second and fourth Mondays of each month regularly throughout each winter since that time, following the club motto, "Observe and Remember." Its meetings have always been held in the parlors of the Second Church. On June 22, 191 5, the club celebrated its twentieth anniversary with a banquet. The present officers are : President, Richard C. Allen ; vice president, Miss Enuma L. Bailey; recording secretary, Mrs. Elsie Camp Martin; corresponding secretary, Miss Anna H. Pierpont; treasurer, Miss M. Louise Seymour. THE NOSAHOGAN PISCATORIAL ASSOCIATION The Nosahogan Piscatorial Association is a club formed by members of Nosahogan Lodge of Odd Fellows. It was established as a fishing club in 1890, but is now a social club with rooms in the Odd Fellows Temple. Its present officers are: President, George M. Egan; secretary and treasurer, Frederick W. Tate. THE ABAGADASSET CLUB The Abagadasset Club was first chartered December 15, 1902, and when the Mullings Building was completed in 1903 special club rooms were provided for the organization. The founders were George G. Mullings, George W. Camp, Frank T. Clark, Wm. P. Lamb, J. A. Upson, J. Rawson Hughes, E. T. Crooker, Dr. W. O. Beecher and J. H. Gray. It was purely a social organization. Its officers in 1914 when it decided to dissolve were : President, Archie T. Jones ; secretary, Arthur F. McGraw; treasurer, George W. Greene. It took its name from the Indian word which meant a place of shelter, and is mentioned in the historial works of Waterbury. AN INTERIOR VIEW OF THE ELKS' CLUB. WATERBURY WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 291 111 I. ELKS CLUB The comfortably arranged and beautifully appointed Elks' I Ionic is located on West Main Strict, the dedication of the new building taking place in 1910. The exercises were attended by a notable gathering of Elks from all over the country. The club and lodge at first occupied a suite of rooms at 108 Hank Street, where its affairs were held until its effects there were destroyed in the great conflagration of 10,02. For three years it had its rooms in the Waterbury Trust Company Build- ing but in [909 its members raised funds to purchase the Curtiss Home on West .Main Street and the following year it erected a handsome building hack of the old residence. In 1914 Truman S. Lewis offered the club Si 6,000 for the complete interior renovating of the old building and also its outfitting. Upon the work being completed it was found out, however, that the cost had run up to $26,100, yet Mr. Lewis insisted in making this amount his donation. The arrangements are most convenient, including new bowling alleys and tennis courts among the attrac- tions for the entertainment of members and guests. THE ALGONQUIN CLUB The Algonquin Club was a social organization with a membership of twenty, having club rooms at 42 liank Street. Its officers, when it was organized in 1908 were : President, Edward Real ; secretary, Alfred Straub ; treasurer, Michael J. Lawlor. In 1916 its membership was small and it gave up its club rooms and its existence. PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WATERBURY BAR ASSOCIATION The Waterbury Bar Association is not a continuing organization with by-laws and regular elections, but is in existence for emergency purposes only. When- ever action by the Waterbury bar is necessary, the dean of the profession, who at this time is Judge Edward F. Cole, calls a meeting and at this a secretary is elected who holds that office for the next meeting. At present the acting secretary is Lawrence L. Lewis. WATERBURY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION The Waterbury Medical Association was organized February 5, 1857, and although it did much during its earlier existence to preserve the ethics of the profession, it was not until March 20, 1908, that it was incorporated with this as its specific object, "to establish and maintain the practice of medicine and surgery in this city upon a respectable footing." It has done much in the way of mutual improvement and in the establish- ment of harmonious relations between members. Its membership on December 1, 191 7, is sixty-three. Its present officers are : President, Dr. P. T. O'Connor ; vice president, Dr. Edward L. Smith; secretary, Dr. Edward A. Hcrr; treasurer, Dr. Charles S. Rodman. THE WATERBURY DENTAL ASSOCIATION The Waterbury Dental Association was organized as a purely professional body on May 16, 1905, and has now twenty-eight active members on its list. At present its officers are: President, Dr. William C. Spain; vice president, Dr. 292 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY William D. Greenberg. Both the secretary, Dr. Frederick C. Daniels, and the treasurer, Dr. Maurice D. Berman, have volunteered for professional work in the army. THE CELTIC MEDICAL SOCIETY In 1906 twenty physicians of Waterbury formed the Celtic Medical Society. It had but one purpose, the establishment of a second hospital in the city. The society began at once to gather data and to present facts to prominent citizens, interesting especially Monsignor Slocum, who then became the mainstay of the projected St. Mary's Hospital. Its officers were: President, Dr. E. W. Mc- Donald; vice president, Dr. B. A. O'Hara; secretary, Dr. John D. Freney; treasurer,* Dr. J. F. Hayes. In 1909, when St. Mary's Hospital was dedicated, the Celtic Medical Society ceased to exist. WOMEN'S CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS THE WATERBURY WOMEN'S CLUB The Waterbury Women's Club was organized in April, 1898, through the efforts and the inspiration of Mrs. George S. Abbott. The first officers of the club were : Corinne R. Morrow, president ; Elizabeth O. R. Abbott, corresponding secretary ; Harriet E. Meers, recording secretary ; Harriet Elton Stevens, treasurer ; and Jennie A. Upson, auditor. The first regular meeting of the club was held in the parlors of the first Congregational Church. At the close of the fourth year the club membership had increased from 45 to 135, and in 1891 it was united with the General Federation of Women's clubs, uniting with the State Federation in 1897. It was incorporated in 191 5. The present membership is 350, with a waiting list. Meetings are held twice monthly, from the first Tuesday in October, until the last Tuesday in April. The object of the club is to promote the intellectual and social culture of its members and its line of work includes the study of ethics, art and literature, education and science. Each year an excellent course of lectures is given. Many interesting papers were read at the meetings by members of the club. Among the purely social events of the club are the opening reception, which is called the club tea, the first Tuesday in October; the midwinter tea in January, and the annual reception in April. The present officers of the club are : President, Mrs. Adrian L. Mulloy ; recording secretary, Mrs. John L. Geist ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. Clarendon Nickerson; treasurer, Mrs. Benjamin Chatfield. The following have been the presidents of the Waterbury Women's Club since its organization: 1889-1890, Mrs. J. Henry Morrow; 1890-1892, Mrs. Daniel F. Webster; 1892-1894, Mrs. Edward L. Frisbie; 1894-1896, Mrs. Gilman C. Hill; 1896-1898, Mrs. Sumner A. Kingman; 1898-1899, Mrs. Isaac N. Russell; 1899-1901. Mrs. Jay H. Hart; 1901-1903, Mrs. David B. Hamilton; 1903-1905, Mrs. Otis S. Northrop; 1905-1907, Mrs. Wm. H. Phipps; 1907-1909, Mrs. Wm. F. Chatfield ; 1909-1910, Mrs. Ellis Phelan ; 1910-1912, Mrs. Frederick D. Buckley; 1912-1914, Mrs. Frederick M. Peasley; 1914-1916, Mrs. Augustin A. Crane; 1916-1918, Mrs. Adrian L. Mulloy. DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION Melicent Porter Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution was founded January 2y, 1893. by Mrs. S. W. Kellogg and now numbers forty members. In \\ ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 293 Bronson Library is a bronze tablet erected by this chapter, in memory of the men from this town who fought in the Revolutionary war. The chapter also put a tablet in the old Porter Home in Union City. It aided in the erection of the Scott monument at Watertown, and in the placing of the historic boulder on Andrews Hill in Naugatuck. On its roster are the names of many of Water- bury's most distinguished residents. On November 8, 191 2, the nineteenth general meeting of the Connecticut Daughters of the American Revolution met with the Melicent Porter Chapter at the First Congregational Church. The address of the day was by the Rev. Samuel Hart, president of the State Historical Society. The past chapter regents of Melicent Porter Chapter are : Mrs. Stephen W. Kellogg, 1893-1898; Mrs. Henry C. Griggs, 1898-1900; Miss Susie Hill, 1900-1901 ; Mrs. Otis S. Northrop, [901-1903; Mrs. John S. Castle, 1903-1905; Mrs. D. F. Webster, 1905-1906; Mrs. Edward W. Shannon, 1906-1908; Mrs. B. H. Bristol, 1908-1910; Mrs. Edward Shannon, 1910-1915; Mrs. R. Wm. Hampson, 1915-1917. Its present officers are: Honorary regent, Mrs. Emily A. Shannon; regent, Mrs. R. William Hampson; registrar, Katherine D. Hamilton; treasurer, Almira C. Twining; recording secretary, Mrs. E. Sidney Bronson; corresponding sec- retary, Mrs. J. B. Jones; historian, Mrs. C. B. Everitt ; curator, Mrs. Cornelius Tracy. catholic women's benevolent legion The Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion, Rev. Lawrence Walsh branch, was organized in 1907 by Mrs. RafTerty of Worcester, Mass. The object of the legion is principally benevolence. The present officers are : President, K. E. Conway ; secretary, E. G. Guilf oile ; collector, Mrs. J. H. Turley; treasurer, Jennie Bergin. THE MOTHERS' CLUB The W'aterville Mothers' Club was organized April 1, 1904, meeting on the first Thursday of each month at Sprague School. Its first officers were: Presi- dent, Mrs. Alfred L. Emmons; secretary, Mrs. J. S. Holroyd. It has developed into an exceedingly valuable organization giving teachers an opportunity to discuss many essential school needs direct with the mothers of the pupils. In 1916 the title was changed to the Waterville Child Welfare Association. Its officers are : President, Mrs. Geo. Monroe; secretary, Mrs. Fred Wolf; treasurer. Mrs. W. Harper. ATHLETIC AND SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS THE RECREATION ROD AND GUN CLUB The Recreation Rod and Gun Club was organized in 1912, and leased the large ten-room house belonging to the T. H. Hayes estate and located on the Pearl Lake Road near Piedmont. Its first officers were : President, B. A. Wilmot ; secretary, W. G. Donovan ; treasurer, G. F. O'Neill. It now has a membership of ninety-two. Its present officers are : President, George H. Wheeler ; secretary, William G. Donovan ; financial secretary, William H. Muus ; treasurer, George F. O'Neill. The members enjoy both the hunting and fishing which is plentiful during seasons. Its club evenings are held on the second Friday of each month. 294 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY THE BROOKLYN ATHLETIC CLUB The Brooklyn Athletic Club, founded in 1889, was in 1894 a flourishing organ- ization with many of its athletic activities in full swing. Its officers in that year were : President, John M. Barrett ; vice president, James W. Dawson ; recording secretary, Thomas F. Mitchell ; financial secretary, James Powers ; treasurer, Patrick Keough. At that period the club was meeting at 796 Bank Street. In 1902 it moved to its present quarters at 776 Bank Street. Its membership is today 125. Of these forty-one are now in the army, a service record of which the club is justly proud. It has in its parlors today twenty-one silver trophies won by its athletic teams since 1901. In that year they took second prize in the City Amateur Baseball League, winning first place in 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906 and 1909. In 1913 it won the mile relay at the municipal meet in Hamilton Park on Labor Day with this team: John Hickey, manager, J. Brickley, H. Auray, Z. Jamelle, T. Caldwell. It also won the point trophy at this meet. In 1914 with W. Pollard, manager, and G. Kingston, J. Brickley, Z. Jamelle, and W. Roberge, it again won in the team relay. The point trophy was again won in 191 5 at the city meet. In 1916 it finished first in the city basket-ball tournament, having finished second in both 19 14 and 191 5. These are but a few of its athletic victories. Of the first thirty-eight members examined for the army there was but one rejected. Among its honor members in the United States service are Captain William J. Shanahan and Sergeant Edward Groody. Its officers now are : Thomas Conway, president ; John Danisevicze, vice president ; John Gloven, recording secretary ; Frank Regan, financial secretary ; Anthony Carroll, treasurer. THE MATTATUCK ROD AND GUN CLUB The Mattatuck Rod and Gun Club was incorporated in 1902 although it had then been in existence for some years with a small membership of ardent hunters and trap shooters. After its incorporation it leased ground on the Watertown Road near the site of the present Waterbury Rolling Mills and built an 18 by 24 cottage. In 1905 it put in two "western" traps and has held annual turnaments until the beginning of the war period. In 1906 it organized its women's corps of which Mrs. C. H. Beere is now captain. Some fine scores have been made by the women at the traps. It has now about one hundred members and its officers are : Dr. C. H. Beere, president and secretary ; David R. Walker, vice president ; Peter Fitzhenry, treasurer; William Woods, financial secretary; John Draher, field captain. The club is now looking about for new grounds and will probably build a model club house in 191 8. THE WATERBURY PISTOL AND RIFLE CLUB The Waterbury Pistol and Rifle Club was organized in August, 1917, by officers of the Home Guard with a view to perfecting its members in pistol and rifle shoot- ing. Among its prominent organizers are Colonel James Geddes, Lieut. Col. A. F. Wolff, Maj. Wra. H. Sandland, Captains Thomas F. Jackson, and R. L. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 295 Keaveney, Joseph O'Neill, Henry Littlejohn, C. A. Templeton, and Fred W. Chesson. It now numbers about one hundred members. Its range is at Reynolds Bridge, Thomaston. WAD I [AM POST, G. A. R. The Grand Army of the Republic, once the largest military society in the United States, is rapidly dwindling away. Waterbury is proud of Wadham Post No. 49, G. A. R., which was organized with forty members on August 14, 1879, by Department Commander Charles E. Fowler. It took its name from that of three Waterbury brothers killed in action in the Civil war within the space of sixteen days. The post did much toward the erection of the Soldiers' Monument, and has never failed to respond to every call for patriotic work. The same may be said of the Wadham Relief Corps. Its highest membership was 360. Today there are sixty-two left on the roll, eleven having died in 1916. Here is the roll of Wadham Post No. 49, G. A. R., on December 1, 1917: Charles E. Beeman, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. H. Hopkins J. Benham, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. P. James W. Benham, 14th Conn. Infty., Co. I. Edward Bergen, Seaman, Ship Utah, Navy. Zenas C. Bowen, 10th Vermont Infty., Co. H. Eli Bronson, 23rd Conn. Infty., Co. A. Henry Menold, 9th Conn. Infty., Co. F. Alex Buchanan, 20th N. Y. Ind. Battery. John Byrnes, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. G. Oliver G. Camp, 15th Conn. Infty., Co. H. Wesley F. Cashman, 14th N. Y. H. A., Co. E. Wm. T. Chatfield, Master Mate, Gunboat Kittatinny. Frederick Coon, 8th Conn. Infty., Co. E. Thomas M. Dodds, Ship Richmond. George M. Evans, 1st Conn. Cav., Co. B. Niles J. Engelke, 47th N. Y. Infty., Co. L. Moses Hallas, 22nd Conn. Infty., Co. F. George W. Jackson, 1st Vermont Cav., Co. I. John S. Hayes, 3rd Conn. Battery, L. A. John W. Hill, 6th Conn. Infty., Co. E. Walter F. Hinckley, 45th Infty., Co. H. William A. Hollman, Landsman, Ship Richmond. Charles Hutchins, 23rd Mass. Vols., Co. G. George Hartley, 23rd Conn. Infty., Co. H. Andrew J. Kenneally, 14th U. S. Infty., Co. F. Frederick Korngiebel, 21st Conn. Infty., Co. A. James Loucks, 15th N. Y. Infty., Co. E. Volney Matthews, 2nd X. J. Infty., Co. B. Dennis A. McGraw, 23rd Conn. Infty., Co. H. John McLarney, U. S. Navy. Henry W. Brown, 14th Conn. Infty., Co. C. Harris W. Minor, 6th Conn. Infty., Co. E. Abraham C. Naylor, 39th Mass. Infty., Co. F. Homer F. Northrop, 24th N. Y. Cav., Co. C. Aaron Peck, 17th Conn. Infty., Co. G. 296 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Eugene A. Pendleton, 9th Ohio Ind. Battery, L. A. George L. Piatt, 8th Conn. Infty., Co. E. Hanford L. Plumb, 112th N. Y. Infty., Co. B. Wales Porter, 8th Conn. Infty., Co. I. William B. Quigley, 22nd Conn. Infty., Co. E. Daniel J. Rafferty, 1st Conn. H. A., Co. C. George O. Robbins, 16th Conn. Infty., Co. K. Charles M. Rowley, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. I. John L. Saxe, 4th N. Y. Cav., Co. F. Chauncey Seeley, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. I. George E. Sellew, 7th Conn. Infty., Co. C. Sylvester Shea, 13th Mass. Battery, L. A. Samuel C. Snagg, 1st Conn. H. A., Co. C. Dwight L. Somers, 14th Conn. Infty., Co. C. John S. Stephen, 76th N. Y. Infty., Co. H. Stephen A. Talmage, 6th Conn. Infty., Co. E. Levi W. Tillotson, 1st Kansas Infty., Co. E. Ruby M. True, 2nd N. H. Infty., Co. B. William Tysoe, 124th N. Y. Infty., Co. G. LeRoy Upson, 1st Conn. Battery, L. A. Charles D. Weaver, 10th Conn. Infty., Co. F. Curtis P. Wedge, 2nd Conn. H. A., Co. A. David L. Wells, 120th N. Y. Infty., Co. C. Andrew Winters, 6th Conn. Infty., Co. C. Seth Woodward, 27th Conn. Infty., Co. E. James R. Young, 1st Conn. H. A., Co. C. Below is a list of the past post commanders with dates of service : William Tysoe, 1879; George Robbins, 1882; Oscar W. Cornish, 1888; Wesley F. Cash- man, 1889; George L. Piatt, 1891 ; John S. Hayes, 1893; William E. Quigley, 1896; Eugene A. Pendleton, 1898; John S. Stephens, 1900; Chauncey Seeley, 1901 ; Frederick Korngiebel, 1905 ; John L. Saxe, 1910; Levi Tillotson, 1912; Alex Buchanan, 1914; Henry W. Brown, 191 5; Andrew J. Kenneally, 1916; Curtis P. Wedge, 191 7. The following are the officers for 1917: Commander, Curtis P. Wedge; S. V. commander, Aaron Peck; J. V. commander, Wales Porter; Adjt, Chauncey Seeley; Q. M., William Tysoe; surgeon, Hanford L. Plumb; chaplain, Levi W. Tillotson. Wadham Relief Corps No. 1 has the following officers : President, Mrs. Mattie Ward; secretary, Mrs. Fannie M. Warner; treasurer, Mrs. Lura E. Dutton. SONS OF VETERANS Sons of Veterans Wadham Camp No. 49, has the following officers: Com- mander, Venton D. Cashman; S. V. C, William Loomis; J. V. C, Robert S. Cooper; secretary, John S. Gallagher; treasurer, Louis E. Granger; chaplain, Benjamin R. Singleton; patriotic instructor, Herman M. Turrell. OTHER PATRIOTIC SOCIETIES The Connecticut Society Sons of the American Revolution, which is a state branch of the national organization of that name, has no distinctively local chapters. Waterbury has, however, been honored quite often by representation in its official family. In 1899 former Congressman Stephen W. Kellogg was on its board of - < fc x WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 297 managers. In 1901 and 1912 George E. Judd was similarly honored. In 1902 and 1903 Mark L. Sperry and in 191 1 John P. Elton served in the same capacity. Gen. Merrit Heminway of Watertown was also for years on its board of managers. In the State Society of Colonial Wars, Arthur R. Kimball of Waterbury was in 1909 chosen lieutenant governor, serving until 191 3. In the Military Order of the Foreign Wars of the United States, Connecticut Branch, Col. Lucien F. Burpee was vice commander for 1912 and 1913. Rev. Alexander Hamilton of Woodbury has been- chaplain since 1908. In 1903 the Connecticut officers of the Spanish-American war formed a state branch of the Naval and Military Order of the Spanish-American war. Of this Judge Lucien F. Burpee has been vice commander since its organization. It holds annual meetings in the State House at Hartford. In 1903 the Department of Connecticut, United Spanish War Veterans, was formed with local branches in many towns of the state. Emerson H. Liscum Camp No. 12, of Waterbury, was organized in 1907 with Aubrey S. Edwards as captain. Its captains since that date have been Joseph Monaghan, Joseph C. Heolion, Adolph P. King, M. A. Carter, Wm. H. Atkins, John H. Hitchcock, Frederick P. Houston. Gustave Asheim and A. P. King of Waterbury have both served as marshal and inspector of the State Department. Waterbury is strongly represented in the Connecticut Society of the Order of the Founders and Patriots of America. Rev. John G. Davenport has been its state chaplain since 19 13, and Aldis A. Lovell has served it for the same period as state's attorney. In 1916 Benj. L. Coe was chosen councilor for three years. Its genealogist is Charles Westburn Church. Waterbury's women descendants of Colonial Dames have taken a deep interest in the Connecticut Society of the Colonial Dames of America. In 1905 and 1906 Martha R. Driggs was its recording secretary, serving in 1909, 1910 and 191 1, and again in 1916 as vice president. In 1908 Edith D. Kingsbury was vice presi- dent and in 1912 served a term as corresponding secretary. Its meetings are held annually. THE PATRICK SARSF1ELD CLUB The Patrick Sarsfield Club is a purely educational organization which in 1895 was already active in its work of keeping alive the Gaelic language and in commemorating all those celebrated deeds and events which have made history in Ireland. Its important meeting is held annually, on some great Irish anniversary, and is in the shape of a banquet at the Elton, but this has been discontinued during the war period. Among its notable officials have been Henry Southwick, John Claffey, Joseph McGrail, Morgan T. Burke, John Kierney, Michael J. Lynch, Francis P. Guilfoile, Dennis J. Slavin, John J. Howard. Its officers in 191 7 are: President, Timothy F. Luddy; recording secretary, Wm. J. Hughes; financial secretary, Michael Carroll; treasurer, John J. Claffey. CHAPTER XXIV MUSIC AND THE DRAMA WATERBURY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA CHURCH CHOIRS REKINDLE INTEREST IN MUSIC THE BUCKINGHAM MUSIC HALL ORATORIO SOCIETY AND ITS CELE- BRATED MAY FESTIVAL WATERBURY CHORAL CLUB GERMAN SINGING SOCIETIES —THEATRICAL HISTORY OF A QUARTER CENTURY THE ADVENT OF POLl's THE MOVIE PERIOD THE WORK OF EUGENE JACQUES AMATEUR THEATRICALS. Waterbury, like all American cities, has had constant changes in its musical life, but since 1893 it has at least been rich in a great host of music lovers, who have given their time and their money to educate the city from a musical stand- point. Beginning in 1866 and still continuing, now the oldest musical organization in the city, is the Concordia, a German male chorus, Hans Saro, director, and its concerts are of the highest order. Director Saro has for over two decades been active in this fine work of advancing musical interest in Waterbury. In 1902 the Waterbury Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Charles E. Farn- ham was a decided artistic advance. This, too, has been a continuous organization. For years it was known as the Farnham Symphony Orchestra. During the past three years it has been known as the Waterbury Philharmonic Orchestra. Its latest concert, given in 1916, was up to its usual high standard. The president of the organization is John L. Bonn, with George E. Boyd and Howard Bristol also active in its management. But the churches did most to keep alive the practice of music and the taste for it. Dwellers in great cities, where concert and opera are frequent, often over- look the relative importance of church music in smaller communities. In cities of 100,000 or less, the singing of a standard choral work by an ambitious choir, or even the special music prepared for Christmas, Easter, or other church festivals becomes a matter of popular note and significance. The history of music in America begins, all commentators agree, with the psalm and hymns of early New England worshipers. So it was a church choir that rekindled in 1903 the general interest of Water- bury in music. Its latest predecessor had been the Harmonic Society, born in 1889, died in 1894, which in 1890 gave "Elijah" for the first time in Waterbury and brought to the city the famous Germania orchestra of Boston. Its director was Alex S. Gibson. Meanwhile the choir of Trinity Church had been developing into a reliable and flexible musical instrument. Its organist and director, George E. Boyd, at- tracted considerable notice for the choir by performing Stainer's Crucifixion, Sullivan's Prodigal Son, Dudley Buck's setting of the Forty-sixth Psalm, Gaul's Passion Service, and long excerpts from Mendelssohn's St. Paul. Pressure of other business compelled Mr. Boyd to resign his church post 'in 1898. But in October, 1903, desiring to give The Messiah, Mr. Boyd organized the Trinity Choral Society, with the choir as a nucleus. The singers were good 298 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 299 readers, for after only nine rehearsals, the eighty-four voiees got through creditably. The orchestra of forty gave Mr. Boyd his first experience as a conductor of instrumental music. In [904-5 the Trinity Choral Society repeated The Messiah and also sang Elijah, having grown to 135 voices. There was similar activity the following year. When the Waterbury Hospital was planned, John II. Whittemore modestly offered to give a plot in the heart of the town and to erect thereon a line business building. — a donation to the hospital, valued at over two hundred thousand dollars. This was the moment seized upon by Mr. Boyd, Miss Mary R. Hillard, Isaac B. Clark. Albert J. Blakesley, John L. Bonn, Charles E. Farnham, R. A. Laslett Smith, and other far-seeing musical enthusiasts to urge Waterbury's need of a first-class concert hall. They laid the facts before Mr. Whittemore. They showed how inadequate the city hall and the churches had proven, for important musical gatherings They pointed out the growing taste for music, the existence of a measurable and increasing public demanding the best and willing, under proper conditions, to pay for it. They suggested that a large concert room in the proposed Buckingham Building would provide revenue for the hospital by encouraging the visits of the great orchestras and musical artists. After due consideration, Mr. Whittemore acquiesced. The new hall, as part of the large office building, was designed by McKim, Mead & White, and was dedicated October 2, 1906, with two concerts. Victor Herbert and his orchestra played ; the soloists w-ere Mme. Louise Homer and Campanari ; the Choral Society sang the Hallelujah chorus from the Messiah, with other fitting music. It became a Nattgatuck Valley occasion and the people thronged the new house and evinced the liveliest satisfaction. Mr. Herbert declared the hall superior in acoustics to any in New York, and the musicians and auditors joined him in praise of its comfort, convenience and beauty. This music hall holds an audience of fifteen hundred, and there is room for nearly five hundred persons on the stage. It was planned and executed with all the skill and taste that the architects, backed by the liberal giver, could command. The choral body later became the Waterbury Oratorio Society, conducted by Richard T. Percy of New York. At the published suggestion of Miss Mary R. Hillard, the Music League was formed to raise and manage what was intended to be a permanent guarantee fund. In 1901 half a dozen men of W T aterbury, taking their ideas from a Hartford organization, formed themselves into the Camelot Club. Raising among its six members several hundred dollars, the Camelot Club kept this as a fund, enabling it to risk engaging distinguished musicians for concerts in Waterbury. Under the club's auspices, the Kneisel Quartet, the Mamies Quartet and several recital givers made excellent music to such good audiences that the fund was scarcely touched. The newly formed Music League then absorbed the Camelot Club, borrowed its plan and began to apply it on a larger scale. The Waterbury Oratorio Society promptly voted to co-operate in building up the Music League, and named as a committee Messrs. C. B. Churchill, Isaac P. Kellogg, Charles P. Mitchell, R. A. Laslett Smith. J. Edward Keegan, H. H. Romer, and George E. Boyd. On December 14. 1906, the Waterbury Oratorio Society gave "The Messiah" with Richard T. Percy, directing. The soloists on this occasion were Mrs. Caroline Mihr-Hardy, soprano; Adele Laeis Baldwin, contralto; Frank H. Ormsby, tenor: and Ericsson F. Bushnell, bass. The symphony orchestra of forty-five took part in the concert. On May 13 and May 14, 1917. the Waterbury Oratorio Society gave its notable 300 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY May musical festival with a program that provided for two rehearsals and three concerts. Damrosch's New York Symphony orchestra was engaged for the festival with Maud Powell, Madame Charlotte Maconda, Isabelle Bouton, Ellison Van Hoose, Gwilym Miles, and Frederick C. Weld, as soloists. The first rehearsal took place Monday afternoon, May 13th. The first concert took place Monday evening, with a Wagner program and with Maud Powell and Ellison Van Hoose as soloists. The second rehearsal took place Tuesday morning. The second concert took plaee Tuesday afternoon, with a Symphony program and Maconda as the soloist. Tuesday evening the Waterbury Oratorio Society, assisted by the Damrosch orchestra, gave the oratorio "Samson and Delilah" with Isabelle Bouton, Charlotte Maconda, Ellison Van Hoose and Frederick C. Weld as soloists. This was perhaps the most pretentious musical affair ever held in Waterbury. While it was a tremendous artistic success, the Music League was called upon to make up a considerable deficit. The Waterbury Oratorio Society gave a notable concert on January 9, 1910, with an orchestra of fifty, George E. Boyd conducting. The soloists were Miss Laura Louise Combs, Mrs. Robert Spencer May, Dr. Franklin Lawson, and Willard Flint. The Waterbury Choral Club, a mixed chorus with 125 voices, is in 1917 the leading musical organization of Waterbury. It is the outgrowth of the former Trinity Church Choir which closed its career in 1913, when Trinity changed to a boys' choir. Isaac B. Clark, who was musical director of the Trinity Choir, became leader of the Choral Club and it is now in its fourth year. In 1914 it gave a single concert, singing Grieg's "Christoforus." Its soloists were : John Barnes Wells, Mrs. Clara Oakes Usher, Mrs. Isaac B. Clark, and Rollin P. Clarke. In 191 5 at its January concert, it sang "The Messiah" with an orchestra of forty pieces recruited from New York, Hartford, Waterbury, and Bridgeport. The soloists were John Barnes Wells and Edgar Schofield of New York, Clara Oakes Usher and Miss Edith Aab. At its April concert in 191 5 the soloist was Arthur Middleton, of the Metropolitan Opera. In 1916 the Choral Club gave the oratorio "Elijah" with Miss Rhea Massicotte, of Meriden, as soprano, Robert Maitland of Covent Garden, London, as baritone, Miss Abbott of New York, alto, and Paul Althouse, of the Metropolitan Opera, tenor. The orchestra of forty-five pieces was again recruited from New York, Hartford, Waterbury, and Bridgeport. At the miscellaneous concert in 1916, Henry Dunn of Waterbury was the piano soloist, and Althouse, of New York, the tenor. The Choral Club is now preparing to produce the oratorio "St. Paul" in January, 1918. The capable accompanist of the club is Miss Eunice Broughton. The Waterbury Choral Club is Unit No. 2 of the Liberty Chorus of Con- necticut, and Mr. Clark hopes to have 1,000 voices trained when the first call for patriotic singing comes from headquarters. The Masonic Choir, ranging from forty to fifty voices, is now in its eighth year. It was in charge of Isaac B. Clark as musical director shortly after its organization. For three years it was under the musical direction of Arthur H. Turner, and is now again under the direction of Mr. Clark. It gives one annual concert in May and tours the state. Its soloists at the last May concert were Lambert Murphy and Leonora Sparks. Its most notable concert was that given January 27, 1914, at the opening of Temple Hall. Alma Gluck was the soloist, Arthur H. Turner conducted, George E. Boyd was at the organ, and Ralph E. Douglass was accompanist. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 301 Of other musical organizations the Swedish singing society which has been giving concerts for some years, is worthy of mention. Its work is always excellent. The same may be said of the Lyra Society, a German singing organization, of which Director Keller has charge. The Waterbury German singing societies, particularly the Concordia and Lyra, have always taken an active part in the Connecticut Saengerfests. Twelve years ago this was held in Waterbury and the Concordia as usual won medals for excellence. Waterbury has reason to be particularly proud of its bands. The most im- portant of these is that conducted by Bert L. Fulton. This organization founded by James M. Fulton, now of Boston, was formerly the American Band, then became Fulton's American Band, and last year enlisted in the Home Guard. It is now known as the Fifth Regiment Home Guard Band. There are also the Boys' Club Band, DiVito's orchestra and band and Wolff's orchestra, all of which are competent musical organizations. Waterbury has an opportunity, through Paul Prentzel, local impresario, to hear all of the world's greatest musicians. In the last decade there has not been a year in which some of the best of the country's singers and instrumentalists on concert tour have not come to Waterbury. On November 13, 1913, Mr. Prentzel had Kathleen Paulow, the violinist, in Waterbury. following on January 26, 1914, with Harold Bauer, pianist and Madame Hudson Alexander, soprano. On March 3, 1914, Jan Kubelik was his attraction. The remainder of his 1914 musical program included Anna Case, Arrigo Serato, Carl Friedberg, Felice Lyne, with the New York Symphony orchestra, Maggie Teyte, Mark Hambourg, and Edmund Burke. In 191 5 he began the year with Marcella Sembrich and followed with Fritz Kreisler, Pasquale Amato, Olive Kline, Josef Hofmann, Mischa Elman. Then in order since 191 5 he has brought here Josef Stransky and Julia Culp with the New York Philharmonic orchestra, Madame Schumann-Heink, Alma Gluck, Ysaye, Boston Symphony orchestra, Maria Barrientos, Zimbalist, Sophie Breslau, Elena Gerhardt, Martinelli. Percy Grainger, the Metropolitan Opera orchestra with Leon Rothier, Mabel Garrison and Giuseppe De Luca. On March 3, 1916, C. Z. Sparadowski brought Paderewski to Waterbury. He played at Buckingham Music Hall to a packed house. THEATERS AND AMATEUR DRAMATICS During the past twenty-five years Waterbury, like all American cities, has witnessed the many transformations which mark the history of the theater in the United States. In 1893, the beginning of this period, the drama was in the ascendant, and Waterbury with its new Jacques Opera House, opened November 1, 1886, and the old city hall which had done service since the Theodore Thomas orchestra had opened its hall on October 26, 1869, saw practically all of the great stars and successful plays of the day. It was the height of the traveling company period. There was running at this time also the old rink on the site of the Buckingham Building. This had been operated for some years as a theater, its name in 1893 having been changed from "The Casino" to the "People's Theater." In this place of amusement Denman Thompson is said to have given the first performance of "The Old Homestead." Margaret Mather also played there. But in 1893 it was relegated to the cheaper class of entertainments. Waterbury owes much to the enterprise of its earliest theater manager, Eugene Leslie Jacques. He was born in Plymouth April 30. 1855, was educated in the 302 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Waterbury schools, and gave this, his home town, all the energy and brains that made for success in a theatrical way. Eugene Jacques died December 4, 1905. At Jacques' Theater, until the opening of its first real opposition, Poli's Theater December 15, 1897, all of the great artists of the day appeared. The list included Edwin Booth, Ezra Kendall, Richard Golden. Marion Manola and Jack Mason. May Irwin, Modjeska, Bernhardt, Barrett, Ada Rehan, the Daly musical suc- cesses, Kyrle Bellew, and Mrs. James Brown Potter, Fay Templeton, Louis fames, Marie Wainwright, James O'Neil, Fanny Davenport, Melbourne McDowell, Neil Burgess, Robert Mantell, James A. Heme, and all that host of great players who made that period illustrious. The old city hall, after the building of Jacques, was used largely by local dramatic societies although some excellent professional attractions continued to appear there for many years. In both the building of the old rink and in the construction of the new Jacques, Eugene Jacques had as partner. Arthur H. Fenn, now the well-known golf professional at Poland Springs and Palm Beach. In these days Fenn was a professional fancy skater. The old rink even as the People's Theater, failed to pay after the roller skating and polo craze died out. Henry Pincus later turned it into a summer garden, with a Hungarian orchestra. It was in its last years given over to cheap attractions, medicine shows and the like, finally coming into possession of Mr. Whittemore who tore it down to make way for Buckingham Music Hall. In 1891 Mr. Jacques built the Auditorium on South Main Street. This, with its hard maple floor, 5,000 square feet of dancing floor, a good stage and all necessary accessory rooms, was at once in demand for large gatherings and big local fairs, bazaars and prize fights. Gen. William Booth, head of the Salvation Army, spoke in this place, to an immense gathering October 29, 1894. For a time it was used by the David M. Hartford Stock Company, but this venture was not successful. It is now a picture house, and is still used for conventions, auto shows, fairs, and other such affairs. It was in the Auditorium that Terry McGovern, then managed by Sam Harris of Cohan & Harris, fought his first big fight. In the early '90s, Sylvester Z. Poli, who had for some time run a successful vaudeville theater in New Haven, looked around for new openings in his line. Mr. Poli had been a sculptor in his younger days, and finally made some of the wonderful wax figures at the Eden Musee in New York. From this he drifted into the theatrical business, and now owns theaters all over New England. After New Haven, Waterbury was his first new field. In 1896 John Moriarty bought the East Main Street property of the American Pin Company and the Blake & fohnson Company, both concerns having moved into new plants at Waterville. The greater part of it was remodeled for a furniture store. The remainder of the space was used for the construction of Poli's theater. There had been com- plaint by some of the traveling companies that the Jacques stage was not large enough for big productions. It was therefore decided to make the stage one of the largest in the country and to provide seating accommodations for at least one thousand two hundred. With its magnificent furnishings, its beautiful system of lighting, its advantageous location, Poli's at once assumed its place as the lead- ing theater of Waterbury. The attraction on the opening day, December 15. 1897, was Francis Wilson in "Half a King." The competition between Poli's and Jacques' became keen, both houses suffer- ing financially. This continued for two years, when the two theater managers, Eugene Jacques and Sylvester Z. Poli, got together and formed a partnership. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 303 which continued until the death of Eugene Jacques. During these years Mr. Jacques managed both theaters. There was another factor that entered into the settlement of the local theatrical light and that was the Waterbury bill-posting privilege which was owned by Eugene Jacques. It was the lack of this Aery necessary means of advertising that finally brought Mr. Poli to terms. I 'oli's was now used for high class attractions and Jacques for "ten-twenty- thirty" melodrama, presenting such plays as "Streets of New York," "Shadows of a Great City," "The Gnat Metropolis," "The Lights of London." In 1902 Jacques' became a vaudeville house and ran successfully for several seasons. Then a summer stock company was formed with Earle Simmons as the leading man and stock finally crowded out vaudeville. There was a popular craze for stock and Simmons, Ernestine Morley, David M. Hartford, James Devine and others of the principal actors, had many admirers. The stars of the period from 1900 to 1910, when the "movie" craze was completing its work of transforming the dramatic world, all appeared at Poli's. These comprised among many others, the Empire Theater Stock Company plays, all the Frohman attractions, Richard Mansfield, Forbes Robertson, E. S. Willard, Maude Adams, Irving and Terry, Rhea, Bernhardt in "Camille" January 4, 191 1, and others as famous. After the death of Eugene Jacques in 1905, Mr. Poli took over the lease of Jacques Theater, still running it as a stock house, but after a time sold his interest to P. F. Shea. Mr. Shea undertook to play high class attractions, but the people who patronize these plays did not come in paying numbers. He tried burlesque three nights a week and light opera three nights. This also failed to go. He gave up his lease, and Michael E. Keeley, who was administrator for the estate of Eugene Jacques, together with T. Frank Hayes, of the T. H. Hayes Compam\ took over the building and engaged James Clancy, an experienced theatrical man, to come from Rochester to Waterbury and run Jacques Theater. Mr. Clancy had managed it before as a vaudeville and stock house. He at once put in burlesque and the theater is playing almost to capacity practically every night. Five years ago Poli's Theater, like all others of the larger theaters in the United States, accepted the inevitable and changed to a successful popular priced vaudeville theater, with a popular summer stock company to fill in between seasons. Harry E. Parsons was local manager until 191 7, when he took charge of the financial end of all the Poli theaters. Walter Griffiths now manages the theater. High-class attractions are booked from time to time. Up to about 1910 moving pictures were merely an interlude in theatricals, being shown between the acts at vaudeville and stock performances. Then the era of "store shows" began, small moving picture houses being started in vacant stores and showing for a 5-cent admission fee. Chotzranoff Brothers built the Garden Theater at this time and leased it to Poli, who operated it as the first regular moving picture theater. It had a seating capacity of 500 and a real attempt was made to put the "movie" on a higher plane. Carl F. Chapin was the first man in Waterbury with the vision to see the present possibilities of the new form of entertainment and in 1910 he made an arrangement with Poli to manage the Garden for awhile. Mr. Chapin raised both the standard of the pictures shown and the admission fee, but the experiment was made a year or two ahead of the proper time and did not succeed. The Garden is now owned by Judge Edward F. Cole. Meantime the success of the small "store shows" turned many active business men into moving picture house proprietors. Within a year or two there were built the Carroll on North Square, the Colonial on South Main Street, the Scenic 304 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY on Bank Street, the Star on Baldwin Street, the Eden in Brooklyn and a number of others, Patrick H. Carroll, Benedict E. Hausdorff, Robert Molzon, John L. Fernandez being among the pioneers of the moving picture movement. There were frequent changes of management and interest, too bewildering to follow In 1913 John J. O'Neil built the Strand Theater, which was first leased to William Fox of the Fox Enterprise Company, and operated as a vaudeville house. The first season was not successful and Marcus Loew added it to his string of theaters in 1914. In 191 5 it was taken over by Mr. Poli and is now run as a very successful "movie" house. The Princess on Center Street, a beautiful, cosy theater, was opened in June, 1913, by a local company of which Otis S. Cowles is treasurer and C. L. Martin manager, and is now giving "first run" attractions. Its capacity is 500. The building was reconstructed in five weeks' time and was opened with "The Pilgrim's Progress." The Rialto, opened in the Poli Theater Block on East Main Street in October, 191 7, is the most ambitious moving picture theater yet opened in Waterbury. The cost of reconstruction, furnishing and equipment, including a large pipe organ, was announced at $90,000. The seating capacity is 1,400. J. F. Nichols is the manager. AMATEUR THEATRICALS Waterbury has been particularly interested in amateur theatricals. Its younger sets from generation to generation have shown unusual talents and have had each in turn the advantages of excellent training. Prof. Francis T. Russell, D. D., who was for years at the head of St. Margaret's School, was a remarkable teacher of elocution. The performance by local talent of "The School for Scan- dal" on May 22 and 23, 1896, under his direction, is still remembered as an exceptionally meritorious performance. This was given at Jacques Opera House and among those who took important parts in the production were Lewis A. Piatt, who was the Sir Peter Teazle, John H. Goss, who was Lady Sneerwell's servant, Medora H. Piatt, now Mrs. Walter Hamlin Holmes, who was a remark- able Lady Teazle, C. Sanford Bull, Isaac P. Kellogg, Archer O. Hitchcock, Harold R. Durant, G. Middleton Parsons, Pierson J. dimming, Albert M. Bur- rett, 2d, Charles F. Mitchell, Miss Emily M. Plume, Mrs. John P. Kellogg, Miss Alma J. Scott, Miss Elsie Shaw. Mrs. Holmes showed promise of ranking with the best professionals of the day if she had elected to take to a stage life. Among the most notable of the dramatic societies of the early years of this quarter century was the Acme Dramatic Club, which in 1893 and 1894 was under the training of E. L, Maloney, and in 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897 and 1898 under the supervision of Thomas D: Freney, to whom Waterbury is indebted for many of the best amateur performances of the past two decades. In 1899 the Acme Dramatic Club's performance of "May Blossom" was under the direction of Dr. J. L. Moriarty. "Colleen Bawn" was the play given in 1893 with T. F. Carmody, E. L. Maloney, F. P. Becton, J. R. Freney, Mrs. J. L. Moriarty, Mrs. T. J. Kilmartin, Miss Lou Donahue in leading parts. W. J. Hughes and E. L. Tuttle furnished the musical part of the performance. In 1894 "Under Two Flags" was given and Dennis J. Slavin, then a judge in embryo, Peter Fox, Miss Josie Egan, Mrs. J. E. Smith, the Misses Murphy and Garde, joined the society. "Clouds" was given in 1895, "My Geraldine" in 1896, "Fair Rebel" in 1897, "Shenandoah" in 1898. Dr. John D. Freney, William T. Smith, Rev. William Fox, and Miss Rose Mc- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 305 Donald appeared in many of these plays, in addition to those mentioned above. The plays were presented to begin with at the City Hall, later at Jacques' and at Poli's in 1898 and 1899. Company G Dramatic Club in 1901 gave an excellent performance of "The Girl I Left Behind Me" under the direction of Thomas D. Freney. In this the leading people were : Oscar Race, Thomas F. Devine, Edward F. Callahan, Dr. John D. Freney, Frank J. Kelley, Michael Peters, George T. Jackson, Robert F. Robins. Walter J. Costello, Mrs. Grace A. Cross, Mrs. Louis M. Donahue, and the Misses Margaret C. Dillon and Jennie A. Freney. The Elks Minstrels made a decided hit when they first appeared at the City Hall in 1896. In 1899 and 1901 they again appeared. In 1908, under the musical direction of Laslette Smith and in 19 10 under the musical direction of James Fulton, their performances were up to professional standards. In 191 1, under Mr. Freney's direction the Elks gave a successful production of "McKenna's Flirtation." Among the Elks who took part in these delightful performances were : Wil- liam Fogarty. John F. Hackett, Capt. Wm. J. Shanahan, Lewis M Holland, Thomas Cannon, Acly W. Castle, John H. Cassidy, Leo Race, J. M. Daly, Robert T. Bailey, Ray Bolger, Jack F. Burke. The Talma Club Minstrels had their days in 1904, 1905, 1906 and 1907. These performances were under the direction of Thomas D. Freney and J. Albert Brown. The 1907 performance was in charge of Mr. Freney and Laslette Smith. Among the principals in these performances were : Doctor Moriarty, Martin J. -McEvoy, John H. Cassidy, Joseph P. Kennedy, Dr. J. D. Freney, William J. Shanahan, J. M. Daly, Carrington Gretter, Frank T. Clark, Daniel F. Lawlor, William J. Smith. Among the best performances of the past have been those given by St. Mary's Hospital Aid Society. In 1912 the "Mikado" and in 1913 "Said Pasha" were given under the direction of Messrs. Freney and Fulton; in 191 5 "The Mascotte" was given under the direction of T. D. Freney and Isaac B. Clark. In 1916 Mr. Freney's own delightful comedy, "O'Toole's Busy Day," was presented. The society is still active and hopes to resume its productions after the war. Among the men and women who had leading parts in these plays were Dr. J. L. Moriarty, W. J. Shanahan, Cliff e Carter, John F. Hackett, Wm. Fogarty, Mrs. Thomas McElligott. Miss May Longworth, Miss Myrtle Blackman, Dr. J. I). Freney, Edward Fay, and Miss Winifred Sheridan. A notable amateur performance given under professional direction was "The Merry Geisha," given April 2$ and 24, 1908, for the benefit of the Boys' Club. In this the following local people starred : R. T. Bailey, F. Zulette Wilson, Merritt Tompkins, Mrs. Warren F. Trott, Miss Clara Dibble, Mrs. Claude M. Calvert, and Miss Lillie Haynes. Two notable amateur performances of "Alice in Wonderland" were given for the benefit of local institutions on February 16, 1901, and December 4. 1909. St. Joseph's Dramatic Club did notable work along these lines. In 1894, under the direction of Mr. Freney and J. J. McDonald, the club gave at Jacques' a performance of "Ten Nights in a Bar Boon]." In 1895 and 1896 with E. L. Maloney as director, it produced "Cast upon the World," "Bound by an Oath." In 1898, under E. L. Maloney's direction, it gave "The Celebrated Case," and in 1899 "Across the Potomac." The Dramatic Club of Waterbury on April 2j. 1910, gave a memorable per- formance of "Arms and the Man." On the program after the style of the day appear the names of the performers as follows: Miss Mason, Miss Frisbie, Miss Smith, Mr. Andrews. Mr. Bryan, Mr. Hitchcock. Mr. Hart, Mr. Holcomb. Vol. 1—20 306 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY "The Chimes of Normandy," given at Poli's November 5, 1909, by St. Cecilia's Church choir under the direction of Mr. Fulton, was a really commendable musical production. So were the performances by the Daughters of Isabella of "The Mocking Bird" in 1909, "The Geisha" in 1910 and "The Country Girl" in 1912. The College Club, organized in 1912 by resident women graduates of uni- versities, has done some good work in amateur dramatics. Its best performance was "The Honeymoon," Arnold Bennett's comedy, given with the following in the cast: Miss Louise Holden, Mrs. F. A. Scott, Mrs. C. P. Rodenbach, Mrs. W. H. Pierce, Mrs. J. C. Bradley, Mrs. A. D. Mcintosh, Miss Marguerite Jones, Miss Dorothy Hart. The Crosby High School plays have always been happy affairs. In recent years the students have given "What Happened to Jones," "In Chancery," both at Poli's "The Bluffers" in 1914 at Jacques' "Liberty Hall" in 191 5 and in 1916, at Temple Hall, "Shakespeare, a Mask," the very able work of Michael C. Donovan, now principal of the school. The French Dramatic Club, an adjunct of St. Ann's Church, has given several excellent productions, notably a French version of "Friend Fritz." There have also been excellent productions at Leavenworth Hall under the auspices of the Young Woman's Friendly League. These are the principal amateur performances of the period. The editor is indebted to Thomas D. Freney for much of the material. CHAPTER XXV THE NEWSPAPERS THE WATERBURY AMERICAN — ITS NEW BUILDING — THE EVENING DEMOCRAT AND ITS SUCCESS DUE TO THE WORK OF ITS FOUNDER, CORNELIUS MALONEY AND PRESENT EDITOR, VINCENT MALONEY — IN ITS NEW BUILDING — THE REPUBLICAN SOLD BY THE AMERICAN — A SECOND SALE WITHIN A YEAR RAPID GROWTH OF THE PAPER IS MOVED INTO ITS OWN BUILDING MODERN EQUIPMENT POLICY APPROVED BY THE PUBLIC INCORPORATED PRESENT OFFICIALS WEEKLIES AND MONTH- LIES. EAST AND PRESENT. THE WATERBURY AMERICAN The first number of the Waterbury American, issued December 14, 1844, by Josiah Giles was the beginning of the town's newspaper history. In 1877, after a long and interesting history which is fully narrated in Doctor Anderson's History, the present owners of the paper secured control. Among its stock- holders were A. S. Chase, who became president, C. R. Baldwin, Charles F. Pope, Charles S. Treadway, H. S. Chase and C. F. Chapin. In 1878 C. F. Chapin became its editor. In 1889 C. R. Baldwin and in 1892 Charles S. Treadway retired from the directorate and in 1893 the following were the officers of the company: A. S. Chase, president, H. S. Chase, treasurer and manager, and C. F. Chapin, secretary and editor. Arthur R. Kimball became associate editor in 1881, succeeding to the position of general manager and publisher in 1907. In August, 1892, on the death of John S. Deacon, the position of advertising manager was assumed by Charles H. Keach, who later became business manager. From this position he retired in 191 6. Burt C. Pike became advertising manager in 1916. On December 14, 1894, the paper published a special edition in honor of its fiftieth anniversary. In 1894 the company began the construction of its present building on Grand Street, occupying the structure in 1895. At this time it was equipped with a Potter press, linotypes, and complete stereotyping outfit. In the fire of 1902 the walls of the building remained standing, although the interior was heavily damaged by both flames and water. When the work of renovation and reconstruction was completed, the press was found to be in excellent working condition. On June 7, 1896, Augustus S. Chase, president of the company, died in Paris and was succeeded in the office by his son, Henry S. Chase. THE WATERBURY DEMOCRAT The Waterbury Democrat had been launched as a weekly in July, t88i, then changed to The Sunday Democrat on January 7. 1886, and on December 5, 1887. 307 308 WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY it appeared as an evening paper under the name The Evening Democrat. The success of the paper, both as a weekly and as a daily, was due in its earlier years to the energy and progressiveness of its founder, Cornelius Maloney, who in 1882 had associated with him his brother, M. T. Maloney. Both had learned the printing and the entire newspaper making business in New Britain, from which place they came to Waterbury. Its business manager when it changed to a daily was Edward E. F. McMahon, who remained in that responsible position until 191 5, when he resigned on account of ill health. He was succeeded by his assistant, John A. Hayden, who is also secretary of the corporation. Cornelius Maloney died January 5, 1914, and his son, E. Vincent Maloney, is now in editorial charge of the paper. Mr. Maloney is a graduate of Holy Cross College, Worcester, from which in 191 1 he came direct to the editorial department of the Democrat. He has held all minor editorial positions on the paper and came to his task well equipped with newspaper experience and a thorough knowledge of his community. The paper was printed up to 1895 in the building at 267 South Main Street. In that year it erected its own building at 71-73 Grand Street. This it occu- pied until 1 91 6 when it dedicated its splendid new five-story block at 53-55 Grand Street. In this it has installed a thirty-two page straight-line Goss quad, one of the finest newspaper printing presses made. In the former building its press was a twenty-page three-decker Goss. The policy of the paper has always been of a loyal and progressive nature. It stands firmly by the President in the present great crisis, has espoused with energy and helpfulness all the financial "war drives," and has made patriotism a basic principle in the conduct of its paper. The Democrat was incorporated on March 23, 1914, for $75,000. Its president is E. Vincent Maloney ; secretary, John A. Hayden. THE WATERBURY REPUBLICAN On March 1, 1890, on the retirement of John H. Morrow, the Waterbury Republican which he had founded in 1881 as a weekly and in 1884 as a daily, was purchased by the American Printing Company and published from its plant on Grand Street. The building then occupied by the Republican, destroyed in the fire of 1902, was just east of the American building. Its editor was Thomas Dudley Wells, who had for some years been an associate editor under Mr. Morrow. Frank T. Parsons, who had previously been in charge of the American's mechan- ical department and prior to that on the Springfield Republican, was made business manager of the Republican. In 1898, on the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Mr. Parsons began issuing a well-edited and newsy Sunday edition which, however, did not aid in putting the paper on a paying basis. The Republican was considered a subsidiary of the American, and as the policies were similar, there was no great tendency on the part of the public to take both papers. On March 1, 1901, the paper, with its Associated Press franchise and its files, was sold to Francis Atwater, publisher of the Meriden, Conn., Journal, who moved it to the corner of Center and Leavenworth Streets. There he installed an eight-page Campbell press and two linotype machines, the outfit of his defunct New Britain Dispatch, and waited for purchasers. In October, 1901, Mr. Atwater sold the outfit to William M. Lathrop and William J. Pape. Mr. Lathrop came here from Williamsport, Pa., where he had WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 309 been managing editor of Grit. Prior to that he had been employed on the Car- bondale, Pa., Leader, his father's paper, and on the Paterson, N. J., Press. He was a thoroughly trained and excellent all-around newspaperman. William J. Pape had been city editor, business manager and editor of the Passaic, X. }.. News. He had been the correspondent in this important field for the New York World and the New York Tribune. For four months it was a struggle to keep the spark alive, but a vigorous and fearless editorial policy and news columns amplified by direct receipt of the Asso- ciated Press news on a wire put into the Republican office, and up-to-date local news, brightened and strengthened the paper. In February, 1902, the great fire which crippled the American was an ill- wind that blew some good toward the Republican. It gave it an opportunity to acquaint a larger public with its policy and its clean, bright news columns. On February 3, the morning of the fire, the Republican sold 13,000 copies. The result was that its circulation took a permanent leap from 2,000 daily to 3,200 and over. On October 1, 1902, the paper was getting so strongly entrenched that enlarge- ment was decided upon. It was incorporated on that date, as The Waterbury Re- publican Inc.. with a capital of $30,000. Mr. Lathrop and Mr. Pape retained control and moved the editorial and newly equipped mechanical department to the Schlegel Building, on Printers' Court, the business office locating at 47 Center Street. The new equipment consisted of a sixteen-page Scott press and one new linotype, giving it a battery of three of these machines. In 1903 the Trolley strike found the Republican firmly entrenched on the side of law and order and its firm stand, its determination to keep the American flag flying in Waterbury, gave it a second great stride in circulation. It was becoming more and more clear to the people that the Republican had no axes to grind, save those that meant a better and a cleaner Waterbury. This period added another 2,500 to the permanent circulation of the paper. While it was not making much money during these early years, it never lost money. In October, 1906, it began the issue of its Sunday edition. The field was unique, to say the least. There were two Sunday papers of a peculiar kind that reflected no credit either on the town or on their readers. The Sunday Republican was in policy and contents like its daily issues, clean and virile. It was not a paper that one needed to be ashamed of. The result was an instantaneous success. The Sunday Telegram, which had prospered along its peculiar lines, was put out of business within eighteen months. The Herald took the cue and had a house-cleaning of its columns. Four attempts to start scurrilous Sunday papers since then have all failed. In November, 1907, the Republican leased and moved into its present location on Grand Street, the building put up for it by T. F. Jackson. In 1910 Mr. Lathrop sold his interest to Mr. Pape and moved to California, where he is now located. In 191 1 the paper had grown sufficiently to warrant the installation of a new thirty-six-page Hoe press, the finest printing machine ever used in Waterbury. Another linotype made it a battery of four of these machines. In 1917, with the third plant installed in sixteen years, there is not in the entire business a stick of the original outfit bought from Mr. Atwater. Its mechanical equipment now con- sists of its fine new Hoe press, six linotypes, including two Model 9s and one .Model 8, a monotype machine, which casts much of its advertising display type, a Hoe plate finishing machine, and every one of these machines driven by an individual motor. Tn February. 1917, the Republican bought the building it now occupies. 310 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY It has been unswerving in its support of the President during the war period, has espoused and is espousing with all the energy and wisdom at its command every cause that benefits city, state or nation. It has opened its columns to all the publicity needed by those in charge of the Liberty Loans, the Red Cross work, the Tobacco funds and all activities of a like nature. Its local policy remains unchanged. It stands for the best possible government and for the cleanest possible city. THE WEEKLY AND MONTHLY PRESS In 1893 in addition to the daily papers there were in existence in Waterbury five weeklies and one bi-monthly, the latter the National Guardsman, edited by A. C. Northrop. The Examiner was a small weekly, a branch of the Hartford Examiner, and was edited here in that year by M. J. Brzezinski. The Sunday Globe was run by Cornelius Downey and the Sunday Herald, incorporated April 7, 1888, by F. R. Swift. There was also the Valley Catholic published by Rev. Farrell Martin at 108 Bank Street and the Neue Zeitung, a German weekly owned by H. Loether and published at 19 School Street. By 1895 both the Valley Catholic and the National Guardsman had joined the "journalistic" great majority and in 1896 there were two new recruits, Our Church Review, published at 36 North Main Street by the Press Review Publish- ing Company, and The Waterbury, which continued not much more than a year. In 1898 there were left only the Examiner, the Sunday Globe, the Sunday Herald and the Neue Zeitung with ownership unchanged. In 1899 there came the first evidence of the growing foreign population in the publication of II Patriote, which was in fact a branch in Italian of the Llartford Examiner. This lasted less than a year. In 1900 there was a decided change in the newspaper field. The first new departure was the entrance of the Sunday Globe into the evening field with the title The Evening Globe. Its editors were John J. Splain and Henry O. Sullivan. It was published at 11^2 Grand Street. C. J. Sawdey was its manager. It had an existence of less than a year. In that year N. L. Nadeau began the publication of his French weekly Le Con- necticut at 36 North Main Street, which lasted not much over a year. There appeared also in this year the Boebachter, a German weekly, taking the place of Loether's Neue Zeitung and under the ownership and editorship of its present executive. Max Taschenberger. It is published at 209 Bank Street. These, with the Herald and Examiner, formed the weekly publications in existence in that year. In 1903 the only addition was La Tribuna di Waterbury, published at 154 East Main Street. In 1905 Le Franco-America, with Jean de Vicqas editor, was published for less than a year at 199 Bank Street. F. R. Swift still ran the Waterbury Herald and C. J. Sawdey had started the Sunday Telegram. The Examiner became the property of B. Witkowski and was published at 43 East Main Street. By 1908 the Examiner and Telegram had disappeared, and in that year Ciro P. Lanza began his Progresso del Connecticut, changing its title in 1910 to II Pro- gresso del New England, published at 59 Grand Street. The Sign of the Cross, a religious monthly, was published by Rev. J. A. Stansfield at 644 Thomaston Avenue during 1909 and 1910. The newcomer in 191 2 was the Waterbury Sunday Times, published by John H. Curley, but which existed less than a year. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 311 La Verita, published first at 35 Center and later at 199 Bank Street, was the only addition in 1913, and this is still in existence under the editorship of Frank DeFeo. The Waterbury Worker, a labor paper, was published at 108 Bank Street in 1914 under the auspices of the Central Labor Union, but was discontinued after a few months. In 1916 the Waterbury Sunday Mail appeared for a brief existence. In 1917 the weeklies appearing are La Verita, the Italian publication; the Wa- terbury Herald, now a branch of the Bridgeport Herald and printed at Bridgeport ; the Beobachter, still edited by Max Taschenberger, its first editor; and II Pro- gresso del New England, still edited by Ciro P. Lanza. The Waterbury Herald Company was dissolved as a Waterbury corporation in 1905. CHAPTER XXVI WAR AND MILITARY ACTIVITIES WATERBURY's SHARE IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR CITY PAYS TRIBUTE TO LIEUTENANT FRANK W. KELLOGG, ONE OF HEROES OF BATTLE OF MANILA BAY AND EIGHTY-TWO VETERANS OF WAR THE CALL TO ARMS IN I916 WATERBURY BOYS MOVE TO MEXICAN BORDER OVATION BY CITY ON RETURN DECLARATION OF WAR ON GERMANY FINDS WATERBURY IN MIDST OF RECRUITING CAMPAIGN THE NATIONAL GUARD GOES TO THE FRONT THE DRAFT THE LIBERTY LOANS THE RED CROSS WATERBURY'S MANY PATRIOTIC EFFORTS TRIBUTE TO ROCHAMBEAU. When war was declared on Spain in 1898, Connecticut and Waterbury, notable among- its cities, was not slow to respond to the call to arms. Previous to the actual declaration of war all state military organizations tendered their services to the President for any duty that might be required of them. Regiments were then called out according to seniority of colonels. The First Regiment was named under the first call for troops with Battery A, Light Artillery. Under the second call the Third. Regiment responded. Nine companies of the First were mustered in May 17, 1898, the remaining companies and batteries on the follow- ing day. The Second Regiment, which was then commanded by Col. Lucien F. Burpee, and which contained the Waterbury battalion of the National Guard, was held in readiness for service, and recruited to its full strength. While not called out officially, the companies devoted much time to drill and to field work. No Connecticut organizations were called into service in the Cuban campaign. Among those commissioned, however, as officers of volunteers was Colonel Burpee, who was appointed lieutenant-colonel and judge advocate of United States Volunteers. There were, however, a number of Waterbury men who volunteered and who saw active service in both Cuba and the Philippines with the regular army and in the navy both as officers and privates. On May 1, 1898, the naval battle of Manila Bay was fought and on board the cruiser Baltimore, one of Dewey's fighting ships, was a Waterbury man, Lieut. Frank W. Kellogg, who was among the wounded on that fateful day. Lieutenant Kellogg retired as captain in 1914, but on November 1, 191 7, again responded to the call to duty and is now at the Charleston Navy Yard. Captain Kellogg is a brother of Judge John P. Kellogg of the Superior Court and of Mrs. Irving H. Chase, and a son of Gen. Stephen W. Kellogg, a former congressman from this state. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1879, was with Rear Admiral Benham at Rio de Janerio during the Brazilian insurrection of 1894 and from 1897 to 1899 was stationed on the U. S. S. Baltimore, where he distinguished himself in the now world-famous naval engagement. Since then he has commanded the U. S. S. Indiana, the New Jersey, the Maine, has had many assignments to important land posts and was retired June 30, 1 91 4. 312 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 313 On October 20, 1899, Lieutenant Kellogg returned to Waterbury to be the central figure in one of the most notable civic and military celebrations ever held here. His Waterbury townsmen bad arranged a parade and review and the formal presentation of a sword of honor to commemorate his participation in the battle of Manila Bay. Col. Lucien F. Burpee was marshal of the day. Governor Lounsbury and his staff honored the occasion by their presence. In the parade were all the military and civic societies of Waterbury. The reviewing stand was fashioned to resemble the outlines of the U. S. S. Baltimore. Mayor Thomas D. Barlow presented the sword. Medals were presented to eighty-two Waterbury veterans of the Spanish- American war who were on this day jointly honored with Lieutenant Kellogg. Some of them, including Seaman Shea, who was at the battle of Manila, were not present. Frederick W. Shindler, a member of Battery M, Fifth United States Artillery and stationed at Tampa, Fla., and Private John B. Porter, who had been in Cuba, commanded these veterans in the parade. A medal was also presented to Miss Cherrie M. French, Red Cross nurse, who had served at the front in Cuba. On June 18, 1916, when word came that the National Guard of every state in the Union had been ordered out by the President, for service on the Mexican border, the Waterbury soldiers made prompt response. Capt. Henry B. Carter of Company A, Capt. Roberts R. Hannegan of Company H, and Capt. J. W. Carroll of Company G, within a few hours had men and field equipment ready to move. The three local companies numbered just 188 men, Company A leading with 68 men, Company G next with 61 men, while Company H had 59 men. The officers of the local detachment of the Medical Corps were Capt. Edmund Russell and Lieut. Thomas F. Healy. The junior officers of the three infantry com- panies were as follows: Company A, first lieutenant, Wm. J. Shanahan; second lieutenant, vacant at time of call ; Company H, first lieutenant, John L. Gray, Jr. ; second lieutenant, Charles E. Hart, Jr. ; Company G, first lieutenant, Alva E. Parsons; second lieutenant, Matthew Galligan. On June 20th the work of recruiting to full war strength (companies of 150 men) began, and city officials, merchants, manufacturers and professional men announced that the families of those who enlisted would be looked after. In many instances full salaries were paid to those who had been called out. Finally on June 24, 1916, with their ranks nearly complete, the three com- panies left the armory on Phoenix Avenue, and entrained for camp at Niantic. At that time Company G had more than its quota, Company A had reached 121 and Company H was at 112. The parade at noon reviewed by Mayor Scully and Col. Walter H. Chatfield, U. S. A., retired, gave the people of Waterbury their first opoprtunity to see their soldier boys in fighting form. When the Waterbury companies, with other Connecticut troops, left for the Mexican border, June 28th and 29th, W\ J. Shanahan had become captain of Company A, succeeding Capt. Henry B. Carter, who had been then over thirty years in the service. First Sergeant Fitzgibbons became second lientenant. Cap- tain Carter was declared medically unfit on account of an old strain received while riding. The Waterbury companies were stationed at Xogales, Arizona, from July to October. In Waterbury the Red Cross raised a civilian relief fund of $500 a month for the benefit of the families of its soldiers. On Saturday, October 28, 1916, the Waterbury companies returned home and marched through streets crowded with a cheering multitude estimated at 60.000. 314 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY All public buildings and business houses were decorated. The marshal of the day was Col. James Geddes and in the parade were the G. A. R., Spanish- American war veterans and many civic societies. At the banquet to the return- ing troopers given in Temple Hall, Judge Lucien F. Burpee, Mayor Scully and Charles A. Colley delivered addresses. It was but a brief respite the troops had, for on April 6, 1917, war was declared on Germany and the call for volunteers followed immediately. This was the first of the enlisting campaigns and it has, of course, been continuous. On March 28th, nine days before the declaration of war, the Waterbury com- panies were on duty at the armory nightly awaiting the call to duty. For over a month active recruiting work had been in progress. "America, your country, needs you now" was the sign on the tent erected on The Green for the promotion of naval enlistments. The governor had named a military emergency board, consisting of Judge Lucien F. Burpee, Benedict M. Holden and J. Moss Ives, and under the state law of March 9, 191 7, it began the organization here and elsewhere in the state, of an armed constabulary to do duty as a home guard. The recruiting officers for Waterbury were : John M. Burrall, Henry B. Carter, James Geddes, Patrick Bannon, Thomas F. Hallinan, Henry W. Minor, Roberts G. Hannegan, Wm. H. Sandland, Alfred J. Wolff, and over five hundred were signed up in the first two weeks. On March 26, 19 17, the aldermen had authorized a city guard to be armed and sworn in as special constables. This organization was distinct from the state body. The Red Cross began its local campaign at once and within a few days had secured a membership of over three thousand. On April 6th the declaration of war found Waterbury in the midst of its "readiness" campaigns. The recruiting offices for every branch of the service were in full swing. On March 30th the first machine gun for the city guard arrived. On that day also came Maj. John L. Hughes, Coast Artillery, U. S. A., to begin the work of mustering in the three local companies, which were rapidly nearing their war complements. On April 18th the first food conservation campaign was begun in Waterbury with the inauguration of gardening clubs and the planning of a general vegetable seed planting program for the spring. Nor was the war fever confined to the American born. A contingent of forty Albanians and of fifty Poles left Waterbury early in June to join, one the Serbian and Albanian troops and the other to become part of the Polish contingent in the French army. THE DRAFT The draft had in the meantime been authorized by Congress and on June 1, 19 1 7, 108 deputies who were to register Waterbury 's eligible men between the ages of twenty-one and thirty-one, met in the City Hall and organized for work. A remarkable feature of registration day, Tuesday, June 5, 1917, was the quiet and law-respecting manner in which the Government orders were carried out. The total registration for Waterbury was 15,566, divided as follows: First Ward, 3,682; Second Ward, 2,442; Third Ward, 3,690; Fourth Ward, 3,114; Fifth Ward, 2,343; Sixth District (Waterville), 295. The Waterbury exemption boards announced June 26th were as follows: City Division No. 1, First and Fifth wards: Judge of Probate Dennis J. Slavin, Dr. Charles A. Monagan, Capt. Alfred J. Wolff. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 315 Division Xo. 2, Second Ward and Sixth Voting District: U. G. Church, Dr. Nelson A. Pomeroy, Thomas F. Jackson. Division No. 3. Third and Fourth wards: Terrence F. Carmody, Francis P. Guilfoile, Dr. Dudley B. Deming. The quota required by the Government was as follows : First District, 490 ; Second District^ 229; Third District, 550, a total of 1,269. The first men called under the draft, Friday July 20, 1917, were: First Dis- trict, Adelbert Auray, 1255 East Main Street; Second District, Allie Sely, 114 Thomaston Avenue; Third District, Rocco Lignofe, 181 Charles Street. The Second Exemption District Board for the state was located in Waterbury on August 4th. This is an appeal board and consists of Leonard M. Daggett, of New Haven; P. F. O'Meara, of New Haven; Charles R. Treat, of Orange; Dr. Dudley B. Deming, of Waterbury, and Darragh DeLancey, of Waterbury. The meeting places for examination of drafted men were arranged as follows : First City District, Crosby High School; Second City District, Y. M. C. A. Build- ing; Third City District, State's Attorney's office. The second exemption district board for the state arranged to meet in the courthouse. On August 14th the work of examination began and on August 20th the Third City District had reached its quota. The other districts were completed almost as speedily, but exemptions for physical and other causes kept the city district boards occupied until September. The Second Exemption District Board for the state is still holding sessions. On September 20th the first draft contingent of 2 per cent from each district entrained for Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. The second contingent of 40 per cent leaving September 27th and a later contingent of 43 per cent October 4th. Recently 150 men were called and sent to Fort Wright, Fisher's Island. Approx- imately 13 per cent are not yet called and these will probably be summoned under the new questionnaire sent out late in 191 7. The Waterbury National Guard companies had been sent to Camp Yale at New Haven, April 3, 191 7. In September they were encamped at Fort Totten, N. Y. They left for service abroad in October. On August 24th the First and Second regiments of the Connecticut National Guard were merged into the One Hundred and Second Regiment, United States Infantry. Waterbury's men formed companies A, G, and H. They are officered as follows : Company A, captain, William J. Shanahan ; first lieutenants, John Fitzgibbons, Ray E. Hall; second lieutenants, Colin M. Ingersoll, William E. Murtaugh. Company G, captain. Harry B. Bissell ; first lieutenants. James A. Hagerty, Fred W. Deaucar; second lieutenants, Thomas W. Brown, Leonard J. Maloney. Company H, captain, John L. Gray, Jr. ; first lieutenants, Florence W. Geer, Joseph E. Murtaugh; second lieutenants, Cyrus C. Washburn, Edward C. Bell. Thomas F. Healey is headquarters company captain. The Second Regiment is commanded by Col. Ernest Isbell of New Haven, Lieut. Col. Edwin Lamb, of Hartford, Majs. Henry Beebe and Wm. Alcorn, of Xew Haven and George Rau. of Hartford. When the National Guard companies arrived at Camp Yale the companies were ordered increased to 250 men. Companies A and H retained practically all of their officers, but Company G was officered by men from other parts of the state. While the men in these companies are largely from Waterbury, the order to increase from 150 to 250 necessitated additions from many other sections of the country. The officers not assigned are now doing duty in southern camps. The City Guard was sworn in April 4, 191 7, and now numbers 250 men. It 316 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY is in command of Maj. D. E. Fitzpatrick, with captain and adjutant, F. J. Lyon. Its four machine gun squads are in charge of Capt. Robert A. Cairns, city engi- neer. The captains of the City Guard are: Company A, Ff. G. Littlejohn; Com- pany B, Peter Griffin; Company C, Wm. H. Monagan; Company D, Edward W. Beach. The City Guard is armed with clubs and automatic revolvers and uniformed in khaki. Their campaign hats have green and white hat-cords. The Home Guard mustered in and fully equipped now numbers about five hundred men. Its principal officers are : James Geddes, colonel ; Roberts G. Hannegan, major; Chauncey P. Goss, Jr., regimental and district adjutant with title of captain; John M. Burrall, regimental and district quartermaster with title of captain ; Edward W. Beach, district intelligence officer with title of captain. Captain, Company A, Wm. R. Keavaney ; captain, Company H, Levi Wilcox ; captain, Company G, Thomas A. Jackson ; captain, Machine Gun Company, Ralph T. Benedict; Headquarters and Supply Company, commanded by Lieut. Henry G. Littlejohn; Ambulance Corps, Maj. Dudley B. Deming, Capt. Thomas J. Kilmartin, Lieuts. Edmund Russell, Edward A. Herr, Edmund W. Goodenough. There is also attached to the Home Guard the Waterbury Company, Reserves, consisting of ioo men in command of Capt. David Miller. LIBERTY LOANS AND RLD CROSS AND OTHER WAR FUNDS The first Liberty Loan campaign was inaugurated in Waterbury May 4, 1917. The city far exceeded its allotment of $3,000,000. Workers in the fac- tories, merchants, doctors, lawyers and men and women in every walk of life assisted in getting subscriptions to the loan. The banks of the city co-operated, and made it possible to buy bonds on the instalment plan, $1 a week being the required payment for each $50 invested. There were 7,100 of these subscrip- tions in Waterbury, totaling $450,000. The campaign closed June 15th, and the total subscribed was $8,040,000. In March the Red Cross membership campaign was put under way. The object of the campaign was to enlist 3,000 additional members in the organization in a week, and once again the city "did its bit," over 3,200 members being secured. A campaign for 25,000 members for 1918 was under way in December. The plans for the second Liberty Loan campaign were put in motion in October by the committee in charge of the first Liberty Loan campaign here. Judge Walter D. Makepeace again headed the executive committee, and his asso- ciate members were selected from all walks and stations of life, and included factory heads, bankers, merchants and laborers. The Boy Scouts, fraternal organizations of all classes and nationalities, factories and even school children who were not organized, willingly helped. The campaign was kept in the public eye through nightly meetings on The Green, at which addresses were delivered by men "from this city and out of town. A booth for the sale of the bonds was opened on The Green, and a clock erected there so that the standing of the cam- paign could be seen at all times. A bell was placed at the booth, and designated the "Liberty Bond Bell." Only purchasers of the bonds were allowed the dis- tinguished honor of ringing the bell, and its ringing appeal reached many people's patriotic spirit. The campaign opened October 2, 191 7, and continued for four weeks. The banks of the city were kept open nightly during the closing week of the campaign here. After the last report had been sent into headquarters on the final night of the campaign, and the entire figures had been finally authenticated, it was found that once more Waterbury had far exceeded its quota. The final WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 317 report, sent in to the New England headquarters in Boston, showed subscriptions from this city amounting to $7,800,000. Waterbury was among the first ten cities of New England to report quotas subscribed. The amount allotted was $3,650,000, with a maximum of $6,150,000. Within a week after the closing of the first Liberty Loan campaign, the Red Cross campaign for funds was begun. Waterbury was assigned an allotment of $400,000. which was larger than the quota of any other city in the state. The total reached was $436,907.09. At an allied bazaar conducted in Temple Hall during the week from April 28th to May 7th, for the purpose of raising funds in aid of the war-stricken r^si dents of the allied countries, the net sum of $48,000 was realized. Another interesting campaign was for the War Camp Community fund, to provide entertainment and education, physical, mental and moral, for the hoys in the training camps and cantonments. The fund was oversubscribed, totaling $16,920. The Jewish people of the city contributed $25,000 to a $10,000,000 fund raised in the country for the relief of the Jews in the war zones. The various funds for miscellaneous purposes, including tobacco, candy and others, were all heartily supported. The campaign for the Y. M. C. A. war work fund furnished a surprise. On account of the many money-raising enterprises which had been carried out in the city in 19 17 it was expected that only by the most energetic work and united support could the city's allot- ment, $152,000. be gained. This amount was Waterbury's share of a fund of $35,000,000 which the National War Work Council was endeavoring to raise in the country for the moral, mental and physical welfare of the nation's thousands of soldiers. The most optimistic expectations of the committee, which was headed by Timothy F. Barry, were exceeded. The fund surpassed the $152,000 mark by more than $63,000. The final mark reached was $215,613.30. Shortly before Thanksgiving Day, the Home Sweet Home fund was started to bring Waterbury members of the National Army home for Thanksgiving. The Waterbury boys were stationed at the training camp at Ayer. Mass. The city voted an appropriation of $2,000 to help defray the expenses. Individual gifts and the proceeds of benefit performances at all theaters accounted for more than $5,000 additional, so that over $7,000 was on hand. The Knights of Columbus began their campaign for $25,000 early in De- cember, and this, too, was raised without difficulty and is for the purpose of adding to the camp comforts and physical and moral well-being of the enlisted men. The new draft regulations to govern the examinations of the second contin- gent of drafted men became effective December 15, 191 7. For this service medical advisory boards have been appointed and to these will be referred all cases where doubt arises in the examinations before local boards. The personnel of the Water- bury board approved by President Wilson follows : Doctors F. G. Graves, chair- man ; M. J. Lawlor, Charles Engelke, A. C. Swenson, M. J. Donahue. D. J. Maloney, Carl E. Munger, George A. Gosselin, C. H. Brown. MONUMENTS TO ROCHAMBEATj's \K>^ Dennis H. Tierney, who died June 11. 1916, devoted much of his time to securing belated recognition for the men of Rochambeau's army who marched to join Washington on the Hudson through Marion, Waterbury and Middlebury. Four regiments undertook the journey, starting from Providence. R. I.. June 11, 318 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 1 781, and marched inland to keep their movements concealed from the enemy. They reached what is now known as French Hill at Marion on June 28 and encamped there. Their next stop was at Breakneck Hill in Middlebury. It was here that Mr. Tierney in 1902 erected a commemorative shaft at his own expense. On June 30, 191 2, the shaft at Marion was dedicated. In his address at the unveiling Judge John Walsh of New Britain said : "The erection of this monument was advocated, planned and designed by patriotic citizens of Irish birth and descent to commemorate one of the most important incidents in the history of the state and nation when the great army of France which had sailed over 3,000 miles across seas to assist the colonies in achieving their independence, traversed our little state on its way from Providence to Yorktown." In April, 1914, Dennis H. Tierney again interested himself in raising funds for another memorial to the soldiers of Rochambeau who died near the East Farms Cemetery while French aid was moving to join Washington on his march to Yorktown. When the appeal was issued the response was immediate and on August 16, 1 914, the shaft in East Farms Cemetery was dedicated. It has this inscription : "This memorial was erected by patriotic citizens and statesmen to commemorate two French soldiers of Rochambeau's army who volunteered to fight for American independence under Washington, en route from Newport to Yorktown, died and were buried here, 1781. Contributors, Governors Baldwin, of Connecticut, Dunne, of Illinois, a native of Waterbury, Glynn, of New York, McGovern, of Wiconsin, McCreary, of Kentucky; United States Senators of Connecticut F. B. Brandegee, G. P. McLean ; Senator Irving H. Chase, Connecti- cut; Congressmen A. Lonergan, B. F. Mahan, T. L. Reilly, Win. Kennedy of Connecticut; Martin Scully, Mayor of Waterbury; Alfred J. Wolff, president board of aldermen ; F. P. Guilf oyle, corporation counsel ; school children and teachers. Committee of erection, D. H. Tierney, Chas. S. Miller, Ervis E. Wright." Nearly 4,000 people gathered to hear the addresses and witness the unveiling. Among the speakers were Governor S. E. Baldwin, Mayor Martin Scully, Con- gressman Thomas L. Reilly, Congressman William Kennedy, Rev. John G. Dav- enport, Rev. Frederick D. Buckley, Rev. Luke E. Fitzsimons, Rabbi David B. Swiren, Charles A. Colley and Edward Balthazar, whose address was in French. CHAPTER XXVII WATERBURY IN STATE AFFAIRS WATERBURY HAS HAD FEW CITIZENS IN STATE OFFICES — GEORGE L. LILLEY A NOTABLE EXCEPTION — HIS CAREER IN CITY POLITICS FOLLOWED BY ELECTION TO THE LEGISLATURE AND THEN BY THREE ELECTIONS TO CONGRESS — HIS CONTESTS ATTRACT NATIONAL ATTENTION ATTACK ON GENERAL PAPER COMPANY FIGHT ON SUBMARINE SCANDAL — ADVERSE REPORT BY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE — RETURNS FOR VINDICATION AND IS ELECTED GOVERNOR HIS SUDDEN DEATH. Perhaps because most of the best trained minds of the city are devoted to industrial or business matters, Waterbury has played a very small part in state politics. She has furnished only one governor to the state, George L. Lilley, elected in 1908. No resident of Waterbury has ever been chosen United States senator. The first representative in Congress selected from Waterbury was Gen. Stephen W. Kellogg, who served the then Second District from 1869 to 1875. Thereafter Waterbury had no congressman until George L. Lilley was elected congressman-at-large in 1903, serving until 1909. Minor state elective offices are usually apportioned on a basis of promotion by seniority, tempered by the traditional political deals, but the local habit of sending new men to the General Assembly at almost every session has prevented our representatives from obtaining the acquaintance and prestige necessary to obtain a following sufficient to place any of them on the state tickets of the prin- cipal parties. Green Kendrick was lieutenant-governor for one year in 185 1-2 and Luzerne I. Munson was state comptroller from 1885 to 1887. No resident of Waterbury has ever been secretary of state, state treasurer, or attorney-general. Waterbury men rarely have the scant pleasure of being nominated and defeated for any of these offices. With the exception of Walter W. Holmes, who gallantly took the republican nomination for state treasurer in the forlorn hope year of 1912 when the republican party split over Roosevelt, the major parties have not come to Waterbury for political timber in recent years. Mayor Kilduft was nominated by the Democrats for state treasurer in 1902 and Mayor Thorns was a prospective candidate on the state democratic ticket during his era of political activity but never got beyond the stage of complimentary votes. The career of George Leavens Lilley, of Waterbury, congressman and gover- nor, furnishes a notable exception to this and adds a colorful chapter to the polit- ical history of the city, one in which success and tragedy followed close upon each other's heels. His untimely death on April 21st, 1909, at the beginning of his term of office as governor, was an appalling climax to one of the bitterest campaigns ever con- ducted in the state. The story of his life and of his work is now a part of the history of Water- bury. The lapse of time has to some extent wiped out the differences then engendered so that the perspective of his worth to the state and nation is becoming clearer to the public mind. 319 320 WATERBURY AND THE XAUGATUCK VALLEY He was born on a farm near Oxford, Mass., August 3, 1859, and was educated in the schools of that town and later in the Worcester High School and Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He came to Waterbury as a young man and with Swift & Co. of Chicago formed the firm of Lilley, Swift & Co., which soon controlled much of the meat business of the entire valley. The partnership continued until the death of G. F. Swift, which dissolved it, although the old name was retained for trade reasons and Mr. Lilley's brother, John A. Lilley, became the local manager for the Swifts. Mr. Lilley was one of the largest holders of real estate in the Xaugatuck Val- ley and indeed in Connecticut, owning extensive property in the heart of Torring- ton, Waterbury, Winsted and Xaugatuck. Practically all of the comfortable estate he had amassed grew solely through a keen talent for barter, shrewd fore- sight and great faith in the future of this industrial valley. These marked his transactions in real estate and fructified them. Mr. Lilley always took an interest in the municipal affairs of his town and was an ardent republican, but he never entered politics until the fall of 1900. With the same energy that marked his business career, he entered a town meeting packed with the adherents of the administration and denounced its extravagance. He was howled down and even threatened with personal violence. The ring proposed to and finally did award a contract for road repairs in the sum of $35,000, which Mr. Lilley offered to take under bond for $3,500. He offered to conduct the town government, which was costing $180,000 yearly, for $80,000, and when later he announced himself a candidate for the legislature with the avowed purpose of working for the consolidation of the city and town govern- ments, he was elected by a majority close to 1,000 in a town that was at that time normally 1,500 democratic. Mr. Lilley introduced a bill dividing the state into five congressional districts, when the state became entitled to that many representatives, under the apportion- ment following the 1900 census, but the legislature thought it wiser to provide for a congressman-at-large. At that time he had no thought of himself for the place. It was after the session had expired that some of his friends in the legislature put his name forward. He determined to enter the race, and he was nominated in the republican state convention in September, 1902. On the succeeding election day, he was chosen by the voters of the state by a majority of more than 13,000 over Homer Cummings of Stamford. He was re- nominated and re-elected in 1904 by a majority exceeding 33,000 over ex-Senator William Kennedy of Xaugatuck. In 1906 he was re-elected for the second time in an "off-year" campaign by a plurality of 20,362. In his first session, Mr. Lilley made a vigorous attack upon the congressional "free seed" abuse. At the 1905 session, Mr. Lilley renewed his battle with the same vigor. His re-election proved that he had not lost the "farmer vote," and it put some courage into his confreres with the result that more than 100 votes were cast on Mr. Lilley's side, but the measure still lacked a sufficient number to carry. In the fall of 1904, Mr. Lilley introduced the resolution that eventually resulted in the trial and conviction of the General Paper Company, popularly known as the paper trust, and the dissolving of the combine, which had artificially advanced the price of print paper to the newspapers of the country. It was during his last session that Mr. Lilley acquired national celebrity through his exposure of the submarine boat lobby. x\s a member of the committee on naval affairs, he had some of his worst suspicions confirmed, and the limit was reached when its appropriation bill contained a clause increasing the number of submarines and limiting the type to that of the Electric Boat Company. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 321 Close friends of Mr. Lilley insisted that he virtually died of a broken heart as a result of the investigation into the methods of the Electric Boat Company, makers of the Holland submarine boat, during his last term in congress. Repre- sentative Lilley asserted that the boat company was using improper methods to influence legislation; more specifically, that its attorneys had framed resolutions that passed the naval committee (of which he was a member), and that gave to this boat company the sole right to bid on the required type of vessel and enabled it to overcharge the government nearly a million dollars. As a result of the prominence given to the subject, congress, during the course of the inquiry, rejected the Loudenslager resolution from the house naval com- mittee paying $1,286 a ton for submarines and threw the contract open to bids. When the proposals were opened at the navy department, they were found to average about $850 a ton, on which basis there was a saving to the government of something like $800,000 from the prices previously paid to the Electric Boat Company. Mr. Lilley and his friends claimed that this was a complete justification of his course. Meantime the investigation went on and Lilley's failure to prove some of his incidental charges, such as the alleged contributions to the campaign funds of representatives by the boat company, wore so heavily on his nervous system that before the completion of the investigation he was ordered away from Washington by his physician there. The report of the Boutell committee was scathing. It declared none of his charges proven, said that he had acted as a partisan of the Lake company of Bridgeport, accused him of "inaccuracies under oath," and branded him as a man of dishonor. It was the severest castigation to a member of Congress that ever emanated from a congressional committee. There were twenty-three conclusions, nearly every one of which denounced the author of the resolution. It was so severe that eighty-six members of the house voted against its acceptance, and twenty-three declined to vote. Lilley returned to Connecticut to get a vindication. He was already a candi- date for governor, and was elected, but at the cost of his health and a deepening of the wounds received in Washington. His political opponents used the report of the Boutell committee as campaign material and their chief argument was that a man who had been pronounced unworthy by Congress was unworthy of the highest honor in the gift of the state. The state's vote made him governor by a plurality of 15,819 over the demo- cratic candidate, former Judge A. Heaton Robertson of New Haven, a director of the New Haven Railroad. He died at 7:26 P. M. April 21, 1909, in the executive residence at Hartford, of acute nephritis. The state accorded him a public funeral. Friday, April 23, the members of the Legislature acting as civil guard with the First Company of Foot Guard as military escort, followed the remains from the late governor's resi- dence on Farmington Avenue to the State Capitol, where the body lay in state until 10 o'clock Saturday morning. At that time, after thousands had viewed the remains, impressive funeral services were held on the north front of the State House. Right Rev. Chauncey B. Brewster, Episcopal bishop of the diocese of Connecticut, officiated, assisted by the chaplain of the Senate and the chaplains of the military escort. The Hartford Choral Union sang the hymn, "Nearer, My God, to Thee." Former Governor George P. McLean delivered the eulogy. In Waterbury, thousands crowded the street while the body was given military escort to St. John's Church. Troop A Cavalry, the Signal Corps, the Second Infantry, the First Separate Company, eight companies of the Coast Artillery Corps, two companies of the naval militia, the Governor's Horse Guards, the Gov- Vol. 1—21 322 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY ernor's Foot Guard, comprised the militia and in the civil escort were the members of the Legislature, state and city officials, congressional delegates, and court officials. Thousands crowded the street approaches to the church and the entire route of the funeral to Riverside Cemetery. The Episcopal services both at the church and at the grave were read by Rev. John N. Lewis, of St. John's, and Rev. James Goodwin, chaplain of the First Company, Governor's Foot Guard. Governor Lilley's widow and her three sons, Frederick, John and Theodore, have since his death greatly increased the large estate he left, and have been active in the upbuilding of the community. The Lilley Building, the finest office building in the city, is an evidence of their continuing faith in the future of Water- bury, as well as a monument to the former governor. CHAPTER XXVIII WATERBURY CORPORATIONS, ACTIVE AND LAPSED COVERING THE PERIOD FROM 1894 TO 1917 AND INCLUDING ALL OLDER CORPORATIONS THAT WERE LEGISLATED OUT OF EXISTENCE DURING THIS PERIOD. The following is a list of incorporations liled with the secretary of state from 1894 until November, 1917. 1894 Date of Incorporation Amount December 10th George S. Chatfield Company $ 1,000 December 31, 1910 . . Increased capital to 50,000 June Miller & Peck Company 10,000 June 20th Tracy Brothers Company 50,000 March 21, 1901 Increased capital to 100,000 January 16th Bristol Company 10,000 1895 February 16th Hellmann Brewing Company $ 50,000 February 8th Hewitt Grocery Company 5,ooo February 1st White & Wells Company 50,000 August 19th City Book Binding Company 5,ooo 1896 October 24th Mattatuck Manufacturing Company $ 30,000 November 30, 1901.. . Increased capital to 50,000 May 2, 1907 Increased capital to 75,ooo February 3, 1910. . . . Increased capital to 225,000 December 7th W. L. Hall Company 25,000 March 17, 1909 Increased capital to 50,000 January 1st Pierpont Brothers Company 3,000 February 27th City Ice Company 3.000 April 9th E. C. Church Company 25,000 October 31, 1901 .... Increased capital to 75>ooo May 9, 1903 Increased capital to 100,000 1897 November 1st H. W. Lake Drug Company $ 2,500 June 26th Trott Baking Company 30,000 April 8th Brass City Lumber Company 20,000 July 23d A. S. Chase Company 100,000 February 14, 1902. . . Increased capital to 150,000 1898 March 30th Shoe Hardware Company $ 25,000 December 20, 1913. . . Increased capital to 400,000 323 324 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Date of Incorporation Amount April 19, 1917 Reduced capital to $100,000 October 29th Waterbury Battery Company 10,000 November 30, 1903. . Increased capital to 50,000 November 2, 1916. . Increased capital to 125,000 September 14th . . . .Waterbury Tool Company 5,000 August 28, 1899 Increased capital to 7,300 July 5, 1900 Increased capital to 11,300 February 12, 1901 . . . Increased capital to 14,500 July 29, 1904 Increased capital to 40,000 April n, 191 3 Increased capital to 280,000 February 25th Ziglatzki-Marks Company 5,000 1899 Noonan-Kelly Company changed from Lake & August 1 6th Strobel Company $ 3,000 April 2, 1914 Change of name. December 30th Valentine Bohl Company 25,000 February 17, 1910. . . Increased capital to 150,000 August 12th American Printing Company 75,ooo November 16, 1907. . Increased capital to 100,000 1900 February 26th Manufacturers' Foundry Company. $ 10,000 September 21, 1903. . Increased capital to 50,000 April 3, 1907 Increased capital to 100,000 May 2, 1913 Increased capital to 200,000 August 31st Good Will Hatt Company 2,500 July 18, 1904 Increased capital to 5,000 March 24th Great Brook Manufacturing Company 5 000 June 13, 1900 Increased capital to 25,000 February 10, 1910. . . Increased capital to 75,ooo January 16th James V. Washburne Company 5,000 November 20, 1900. . Increased capital to 10,000 July 13, 1901 Increased capital to 15,000 April 6, 1903 Preliminary dissolution. July 28th Model Laundry Company 2,000 August 15, 1910 Preliminary dissolution. November 23rd Bronson-Krubbs Company 1,000 July 9th Chase Rolling Mill Company 500,000 February 20, 1902. . . Increased capital to 800,000 February 20, 1903. . . Increased capital to 1,200,000 April 6, 1907 Increased capital to 2,500,000 June 27, 191 7 Preliminary dissolution. 1901 April 9th Woodruff Grocery Company $ 10,000 October 23rd Waterbury Paper Box Company, Inc 25,000 January 27, 1914. . . . Increased capital to 50,000 May 2nd Reid & Hughes Dry Goods Company 50,000 Increased capital to • 150,000 March nth Brass City Drug Company 1,500 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 325 1902 Date of Incorporation Amount March 24th M.J. 1 >aly & Sons, Inc $ 50,000 June 2nd Rowbottom Machine Company, Inc 10,000 April 17th Sonora Mining & Development Company, Inc 200,000 December 12th Waterbury Realty & Investment Corporation 30,000 Waterbury Music Company changed from Charles September 15th .... EL Percy & Company 5,000 December 30, 1903. . Change of name. May 8th Waterbury Ice Corporation 15,000 October 1st Waterbury Republican, Incorporated 30,000 February 28th A. F. Taylor Company, of Waterbury 10,000 1903 January 5th Hamilton Hall Association, Incorporated $ 2,500 May 1 6th Hamilton Hardware Corporation 20,000 March 13, 1913 Increased capital to 75,ooo July 1st Sanderson Brothers Company, Inc 15,000 February 5th Waterbury Hotel Corporation 300,000 July 23rd Eagle Brewing Company 25,000 August 7, 191 5 Filed papers changing purposes of corporation. [904 April 5th Randolph Clowes Company $500 000 July 7th W. C. Langley Furniture Company, Inc . . . . 25,000 July 19, 1917 Preliminary dissolution. January 23rd Waterbury Brass Goods Corporation 500,000 August 9th Morden Manufacturing Corporation 80,000 June 4, 1906 Reduced capital to 40,000 December 15th Xew England Electric Supply Company changed to Electric Supply & Equipment Company 25,000 November 10, 1910. . Increased capital to 100,000 December 27, 191 1.. Change of name. December 23rd J. E. Smith. Incorporated 50,000 March 9, 1910 Increased capital to 150,000 December 30th Hotchkiss Company changed from Hotchkiss & Templeton, Inc 25,000 May 5, 1917 Change of name. Tune 28, 1917 Increased capital to 100 000 May nth Henry Weyand Company, Inc 10,000 July 25, T913 Increased capital to 50,000 September 20th Franco-American Coal & Wood Company, Inc. . . . 10,000 January 2nd Credit Clothing Company August 3, 1905 Preliminary dissolution. April 6th Acme Manufacturing Company 2,500 January 6, 1907 Changed name, Brooks & Richards Manufactur- ing Company. I905 March 6th Xoera Manufacturing Company $ 50,000 January 14, 1907. . . . Increased capital to 75> 0O ° 326 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Date of Incorporation Amount December 5th French Alanufacturing Company $ 25,000 March 2, 1910 Increased capital to 50,000 March 14, 1913 Increased capital to 100,000 1906 January 22nd Jones-Morgan & Company, Inc $ 50,000 November 17, 1916. . Increased capital to 100,000 March 22nd Equipoise Rivet Company 5,000 September 17th Realty & Cement Construction Company 10,000 June 21, 1917 Preliminary dissolution. March 1st Fulton-Driggs & Smith Company changed from Fulton Music Company 20,000 February 21, 1910. . . Increased capital to 30,000 August 6, 191 5 Change of name. July 23rd O'Brien Construction Company 25,000 November 2nd Waterbury Country Club, Inc 50,000 December 24th Watertown Lumber Company 10,000 March 16, 1912 Increased capital to 20,000 July 7th Welton Realty Company 30,000 Waterbury Rolling Mills changed from Waterbury February 28th ..... Metal Company 100,000 April 24th Change of name. May 7, 1907 Increased capital to 200,000 November 2nd Waterville Corporation 5,000 September 10th Connecticut Oil Company 2,500 January 12, 191 1 .... Increased capital to 22,500 October 19th East Mountain Ice Company 10,000 March 24th Atlas Machine Company 10,000 July 8, 1910 Increased capital to 50,000 May 3rd Blake & Johnson Company, changed name from Blake & Johnson. January 30, 1908. . . . Increased capital to 120,000 February 3, 1914. . . . Increased capital to 200,000 1907 September 24th Magner & Bear Hardware Company changed from Magner Hardware Company $ 15,000 March 29, 191 1 Change of name. September 18, 1912.. Preliminary dissolution. . February 25th Fidelity Construction Company 3,000 April 22, 1914 Preliminary dissolution. February 21st Naugatuck Valley Land Corporation 50,000 March 18th Negro Business League, Inc 10,000 April 2nd Pilling Brass Company changed to R. E. Boden Company 25,000 July 8, 191 5 Increased capital to 100,000 November 27, 191 7. . Change of name. September 16th Waterbury Trucking Company 2,500 June 27, 1910 Preliminary dissolution. April 5th Willetts & Miller Realty Company 50,000 April 5th Waterbury Foundry Company 40,000 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 327 Date of Incorporation Amount February 14th American Railway Signal Company $ 12,000 July 18th Child-Heron Law Corporation 25,000 May 29, 1909 Changed to Connecticut Rating & Adjustment Bureau. January 23rd Citizens Land Corporation 50,000 April 9th Curran Dry Goods Company 40,000 October 7th Ajax Manufacturing Company 70,000 1908 September 22nd . . . .Filley & Crane Company $ 40,000 April 4th Henry Spinach Contracting Company, Inc 2,000 !\ I ay 8, 1908 Increased capital to 10,000 January 8th Union Merchandise Corporation 50,000 April 25th Alexander Johnston Building and Construction Corporation 12,000 October 12th American Metal Hose Company 50,000 February 14, 1913 . . . Increased capital to 150,000 May 15th Artificial Stove Company 5,000 November 23rd Cheshire Land Company 12,000 March 26th Citizens Coal Company 50,000 December 18th Connecticut Footwear Company 250 000 January 8th Connecticut Hook and Eye Company 50,000 October 31st Crane Lunch Company 10,000 1909 April 17th General Manufacturing Company $ 10,000 May 27, 1913 Increased capital to 40,000 May 13th Keator Land Company 50,000 October 5th Increased capital to 100,000 July 1 6th Ludington Cigarette Machine Company, Inc 50,000 October 15th Mullings Clothing Company 60,000 July 31, 1915 Bankruptcy statement. March 17th Spencer Grain Company, Inc 30,000 October 19th Williams Sealing Corporation 100,000 December 19, 1910. . Increased capital to 150,000 March 6th Waterbury Castings Company 100,000 December 10, 1914. . Increased capital to 125,000 January 29th Waterbury Mattress Company 20,000 .May 20th American Nut Company 25,000 March 19th Andrews-Douglas Company 30,000 September 5, 1912. . . Increased capital to 60,000 January 18, 1913. . . . Changed name to Andrews-Fairbanks Company. March 29th Chase Corporation 5,000,000 January 27, 1913. . . . Changed name to Chase Metal Works, Inc. December 30th City Lumber & Coal Company 100,000 November 19th American Mills' Company, capital increased to 150,000 July 7, 1914 Merged with New Haven Web Company and Narrow Fabric Corporation; capital 1,200,000 1910 June 6th George L. Lilley Company $ 9,000 November 19, 1917. . Increased capital to 450,000 328 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Date of Incorporation Amount April 28th H. S. Coe & Company Incorporated, changed from D. L. Dickinson & Son, Inc $ 35,000 June 8, 191 1 Change of name. May 3rd Hampson, Mintie and Abbott, Incorporated, January 7, 1914 changed from Hampson-Mintie Furniture Company 30,000 January 6th Maples Realty Company, Watertown 100,000 October 11, 1917. ... .Capital increased to 200,000 February 24th T. H. Hayes Company 25,000 February 2nd South Waterbury Land Company 30,000 July 2 1st American Sheet Metal Works 8,000 April 28th D. L. Dickinson & Son, Inc 35,ooo June 8, 191 1 Changed name to H. S. Coe & Company, Inc. 1911 September 18th Redmond Realty Company $ 30,000 December 12th F. N. Perry and Sons Company 10,000 November 17th .... Harols, Incorporated 5,ooo November 15th Lindens Realty Company 12,000 May 29th Town Plot Development Association, Inc., changed from Town Plot Improvement Association, Incorporated 25,000 November 21st Change of name. June 9th Standard Engineering Company, Inc 20,000 November 5, 1917... Amdt. of cert, of incorporation. June 1st Ralph N. Blakeslee Company 150,000 September 20th Waterbury Welding Company 10,000 March 13th Wells Estate Corporation 60,000 June 29th William & Brown, Inc., changed from F. J. Brown Company 2,000 November 25, 1914. . Change of name. October 23rd Woodward Land Corporation 50,000 May 2nd Barlow Brothers Company 75 000 October 6th Callender Pharmacy 10,000 April 10th Central Development Company 50,000 December 23rd Charles A. Templeton, Inc., changed from D. B. Wilson Company May 15, 191 3 Increased capital to 50,000 June 9th Standard Engineering Company 20,000 March 10th Clowes Realty Company 100,000 April 10, 1912 Capital increased to 350,000 November 10th The Davis & Hawley Jewelry, Inc 40,000 May nth Eastern Land Company 30,000 July 15th Alexander Dallas 40,000 1912 April 22nd Elton Garage, Incorporated $ 25,000 July 1 8th Mahaney Company 50.000 May 14th Hodson Brothers Company 25,000 March 15th Martin Bergin's Sons, Inc 10,000 January 29th R. F. Worden & Sons, Incorporated 13,000 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 329 Date of Incorporation Amount February 24th Massicotte-Kasdon-Morin Company, Inc $ 5,000 March 27th Middlebury Land & Improvement Company 10,000 June 7th Metal Specialty Manufacturing Company 25,000 December 16th Seymour Smith & Son, Inc., Watertown 25,000 August 2 1st Robinson Tool Works, Inc 5,000 April 10th Taft School, Incorporated, Watertown 300,000 September 3rd Taxi Service Company of Waterbury, Inc 10,000 August 12, 1913 Increased capital to 25,000 February 24th Sanitary Reclaiming Company, Inc 3,000 September 20th Preliminary dissolution. May 10th Warner & Abbott Company changed to The Chas. F. Abbott Company 25,000 November 17, 1917.. Change of name. January 26th Thomas Kelly, Inc 50,000 July 12th Waterbury Sand & Gravel Company 20,000 December nth W. H. Lowe Company 10,000 May 10th Todd Rubber Company of Waterbury, Inc 2,000 February 15th Thomas F. Jackson Company 50,000 luly 9th Sonnenberg-Skinner Company 25,000 March 19th Soroch Pharmacy, Inc 10,000 April 30th Gervais Brothers Company I5» 000 January 20th Goldsmith-Chatfield Company 10,000 October 9th Andrew C. Campbell 50,000 June nth Autoyre Company 200,000 December 13th C. E. Johnson Company 2 500 December 20th D. E. Carroll & Company 60,000 September 23rd Decker & Scott Company 50,000 January 6, 1913 Changed to A. O. Decker Company. I9L3 February 17th H. Davidoff Company, Incorporated $ 10,000 November 13, 1915.. Preliminary dissolution. November 19th Waterbury Scrap Iron Company, Inc 10,000 May 3rd Willett, Rich & Willett, Inc., changed from Rich, Willett & Swan, Inc 9,°°° February 2, 1914. . . . Change of name and increased capital to 25,000 January 17th G. H. Manville Pattern and Model Company 5,000 October 15th Frank Cruess & Sons Company 40,000 April 4th Howard W. Connor Company, Inc 10,000 January 24th J. A. Keegan Company. Incorporated 2,500 November 18th Jones Drug Company 20,000 April 1st National Company 50,000 September 22, 1916. . Increased capital to 250,000 August 20th Princess Theater Company of Waterbury, Inc 8,000 March 23. 1915 Increased capital to 25,000 August 20th Thompson & Bishop, Inc 50,000 December 4th W. R. Keaveney & Son, Inc 25,000 April 23rd Watertown Lawn Club, Inc 20,000 February 21st Willard Company 100,000 February 7th Waterbury Standard Tool & Machine Company, Incorporated 10,000 330 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Date of Incorporation Amount July i st James A. Hynes & Son, Inc $ 5,000 November 12th Murphy & Reuter Company 15,000 April 10th Boston Fur Company 30,000 November 14th Bristol Auto Service Company changed from Auto Service Company. June 14th Bunker Hill Company 6,000 May 27th Chase Metal Works, Inc., changed to Chase Cor- poration. August nth A. J. Patton Company 5,000 January 6th A. O. Decker Company changed from Decker & Scott Company. 1914 March 20th Waterbury Democrat, Inc $ 25,000 November 21, 1916. . Increased capital to 75-O0O January 31st Novelty Design Company 10,000 July 24th Pye Company 12,000 May 1 6th Morris Spirt Company, Inc., changed from Spirt & Amster Company, Inc 30,000 October 27th Change of name. October 29th International Top Company 100,000 March 6th Rogers & Davis Company 10,000 February 10th Model Laundry, Inc 10,000 June 5th Standard Wire Die Company 10,000 December 13, 1916. . Increased capital to 25,000 August 18th United States Realty Company, Inc 25,000 November nth Welfare Co-operative Society, Inc., changed from Waterbury Co-operative Welfare Society, Incorporated 2,500 April 24, 1916 Change of name. July 24th United Advertising Company 10,000 February 16th Waterbury Iron Works, Inc 10 000 January 22nd Bantam Lake Ice Company 50,000 December 5th American Laundry Company 5> 00 ° December 10th Charles B. Schoenmehl 300,000 November 16th A. M. Larson Company 10,000 1915 January 15th H. L. Welch Knit Underwear Co. changed from H. L. Welch Hosiery Company. April 2, 1917 Preliminary dissolution. October 29th Jefferson Auto Company $ 50,000 August 3rd Waterbury Morris Plan Company 100,000 March 23rd John Moriarty, Incorporated 100,000 February 3rd Malay-Wilson Company, Inc 50,000 January 20th Musler & Liebeskind Dry Goods Company 50,000 December 30th Peters Garage Corporation 10 000 July 17th R. F. Griggs Company 75> 0O ° September 20, 1916. . Increased capital to 100,000 June 30th New York Clothing Company of Waterbury, Inc. . 6,000 December 6th New England Music Company 2,000 WATERBURV AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 331 Date of Incorporation Amount October 18th Waterbury Cloak & Suit Manufacturing Company, Inc. (Not yet organized) $ 2,000 April 9th Reiner Bros. Company 2,000 January 21st R. C. Field Company changed from Field and Feydt Incorporated 50,000 August 3, 1916 Change of name. April 22nd Safety First Jitney Company 2,000 October 23rd W'aterbury Metal Wares Company 50,000 October nth V. Bohl Beef & Provision Company 200,000 December 30th W'aterbury Drug Company, Inc. (not yet organized) 10,000 April 28th Rose Cloak & Suit Company 5,000 April 26th Waterbury Jitney Service Company (Not yet or- ganized) 50,000 February 5th Wooster Billard Company 15,000 February 10th W'aterbury Jewel Company, Inc 50,000 lanuary 20th W'atertown Manufacturing Company 25,000 December 1st W'aterbury Auto Radiator Company (Not yet or- ganized) 2,000 November 15th T. P. Forman Company (Not yet organized) 25,000 November 1st W'aterbury Instrument Company 25,000 March 18th W'oodside Realty & Development Company 25,000 December 10th Jacques, Amusement Company 2,000 March 17th Boston Shoe Company 15,000 June iSth Buckley Welding Company 10,000 December 6th American Fastener Company 24,000 1916 October 27th Italian American Corporation $ 10,000 September 15th Hadley Furniture and Carpet Company 35,ooo November 28th Increased capital to 50,000 April 22nd Louis Leventhal & Sons, Incorporated 10,000 April 1 8th Lithuanian Merchandise Corporation 50,000 October 16th Elite Cloak & Suit Company, Incorporated 10,000 lune 29th Simonsville Manufacturing Company 25,000 July 5th Electric Light, Water & Land Company 25,000 November 16th Macey Hook & Eye Company 5> 000 September 13th Great Northern Tide Water Lumber Company. . . . 50,000 January 27, 1917 . . . . Preliminary dissolution. May 17th Lakewood Producing & Exhibiting Corporation. . . 50,000 October 3rd Somers Company, Inc 50,000 April 19th Russian Cafe Company 5 00 ° May nth Scenic Amusement Corporation (not yet organized) 20,000 January 31st Waterbury Brass & Bronze Company 10,000 September 14, 1917. . Preliminary dissolution. February 14th Waterbury Press Metal & Tool Company (Not yet organized) 20,000 March 9th Waterbury Pandajis Lunch Company changed from Waterbury Presto Lunch Company 25,000 February 24, 191 7. . . Change of name. November 22, 1917. . Preliminary dissolution. February 2nd Richards Manufacturing Com]. any 15. 000 332 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Date of Incorporation Amount July 7th Perriello Cafe Company $ 5,000 June 19th Waterbury Tennis Corporation 10,000 October 24th South Wholesale and Retail Liquor Company 2,000 September 8th Waterbury Cycle W'orks, Inc 2,000 October 4th Waterbury Homes Corporation 100,000 January 30, 191 7. . . . Increased capital to 200,000 October 16th M. J. Sayles & Company, Inc. (Not yet organized) . 3,000 November 29th Waterbury Building Company, Inc 2,000 February 1st Louis Matzkin, Incorporated 2,000 October 24th Jones-Smith Supply Company, Inc 15,000 August 5th Italian Commercial Corporation 25,000 August 22nd Cert, of amdt. before organization. April 26th Home Building Company 2,000 October 17th Home Builders' Association, Inc 50,000 May 27th H.I. Smith Motor Car Company 25,000 September 12th Increased capital to 50,000 May 25th H. I. Smith Land & Development Company, Incor- porated 50,000 May 1st Mail Publishing Company (Not yet organized) .... 10,000 February 21st Apothecaries Hall Company 240,000 March 29th B. & B. Cafe 4,000 April 22nd Barbara & D'Aurio Company. 50,000 August 23rd Brass City Machinery & Tool Works 5,000 January 12th Bronson & Dennison 5 000 August nth Bryan Mahoney, Inc 2,000 December 1st American Land Company 50,000 July 1 8th Heminway Park, Inc 50,000 July 10th Clark Undertaking Company 5, 000 January 20th Eight Bells Film Company 25,000 May 26th National Manufacturing Company 25,000 September 13, 1917. . Preliminary dissolution. 1917 September 25th Electrical Contractors Corporation $ 50,000 April 10th . .• Elinor and Grele Hotel Company 20,000 April 5th Guaranty Painting and Decorating Company, Inc. 2,500 September 29th H. K. H. Silk Company, Watertown 2,500,000 May 25th Grieve, Bisset and Holland, Incorporated 50,000 January 3rd H. T. Dakin Paper Company 25,000 August 3rd Henderson Brothers Company 50,000 June 18th J. Viger Company, Inc 5,000 March 26th Leary Tbe Florist, Incorporated 6,000 January 31st Ludington Machine Company (not yet organized) 350,000 June 1 8th Mattatuck Land Company 50 000 January 8th Lux Clock Manufacturing Company, Inc 50,000 June 9th M. L. Martus, Inc 50,000 April 9th Manhattan Lunch Company, Inc., changed to Delco Lunch Company 50,000 June 13th Change of name. February 14th Musler & Liebeskind Clothing Company 50,000 July 25th Metropolitan Furniture Company, Inc 100,000 WATKK15URY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 333 Date of Incorporation Amount March 24th Mill Engineering & Construction Company $ 100,000 October 18th Oakville Drug Company, Watertown 10,000 January 29th Sachsenhauser's Incorporated 15,000 September 15th United Economy Grocery Company 30,000 June (jth Sofus S. Poulsen, Inc 20,000 September 20th Paterson Silk & Dress Goods Stores, Inc 10,000 February 1 st T. G. Smith Company 25 000 November 27th Waterbury Company, Incorporated 25,000 May 24th White Farm Company (not yet organized) 35,ooo November 27th F. L. Garrigus Company 25,000 March 29th White City Furrier, Inc 3,000 July 28th Waterbury Lumber Company, Inc 200,000 April 13th Waterbury Fastener Company 25,000 January 1 8th Waterbury Provision Company, Inc 10,000 November 13th ... .Waterbury Burial Company (not yet organized) . 5,000 June 15th Waterbury Theatre Company, Inc 5,000 September 27th Waterbury Insurance Agency Corporation, Inc. (not yet organized) 2,200 September 22d Archie T. Jones Company , 10,000 March 21st Auto Gas Register Company 300,000 January 17th Bay Colony Development Company 50,000 March 16th Brooklyn Battery Company 15,000 October 10th Eberich & Hahn 5,000 September 20th Economy Grocery Company 10,000 March 23d Chase Companies, changed from Chase Metal Works. March 20th Albert & Popoa, Inc 3,000 August 21 st Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Waterbury 25,000 September nth Conn. Brass Foundry Company 10.000 March 2d Dueseer Brothers, Inc 20,000 DISSOLVED CORPORATIONS INCORPORATED DURING THE PERIOD BETWEEN 1894 AND I917 Incorporations of 1894 Legislated Out of Existence Specialty Manufacturing Company (Watertown) 1905 River Company 1913 Waterbury Hotel Company I9°5 Waterbury Coffee House Company 1905 Yeoman's Pharmaceutical Company 1905 Waterbury Women's Exchange Company 1905 H. J. Lapalme Company i9°5 Incorporations of 1895 Legislated Out of Existence Washburne Manufacturing Company 1905 Holmes & Bassett Company i9°5 Bernatchez Box Manufacturing Company 1905 Incorporations of 1896 Legislated Out of Existence Waterbury Wrench Company I9°5 Victor Manufacturing Company I9°5 Dews & Weller Company I9°5 Democrat Publishing Company I9°5 Xutmeg Artesian Well Company I9°5 334 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Incorporations of 1897 Legislated Out of Existence C. M. Truman Hotel Company 1905 Spencer & Pierpont Company icj^ W. H. Hoffman Company 1916 Waterbury Furniture Company 1905 Manville Brothers Company I 9 I 3 Waterville Water Company 1905 Incorporations of 1898 Legislated Out of Existence Waterbury Wire Die Company 1916 Gem Manufacturing Company 1905 L. M. Sagal Company 1905 Sellew Wallace Company 1914 Waterbury Beef & Provision Company 1905 Incorporations of 1899 Legislated Out of Existence E. H. Towle Company 1 9' 1 S Brook Company 1905 L. H. Toucey Company 191 5 Mattatuck Drug Company 1905 Domestic Pie Baking Company, dis. by Court 1905 Globe Publishing Company 1905 Heater Curtiss Company 1905 Turnbull Company 191 1 Waterbury Telephone Company !9C>5 Incorporations of 1900 Legislated Out of Existence C. L. Missel Company ( Watertown) 1913 City Contracting Company 1905 Cromwell Electric Company !905 Crawford Supply Company : 9°5 F. W. Dains Company 1905 Robbins Forging & Horse Shoeing Company 1905 Waterbury Plumbing & Heating Company 1905 White-Simmons Company 1905 Incorporations of 1901 Legislated Out of Existence American Cloak & Fur Company 1905 Hotchkiss Paper Company, Inc 1913 Mattatuck Lumber Company, Inc !905 Nevermyss Fire Extinguisher Company, Inc 1905 Incorporation of 1902 Legislated Out of Existence American Automatic Switch Company, Inc 191 1 Incorporations of 1903 Legislated Out of Existence William T. Disley Company, Inc 191 1 Queens Land Company, Inc J 905 United States Land Corporation 1912 Waterbury Hardware Company, Inc 191 1 Arthur Bradley Company 1912 Gagain Livery Stable Company, Inc !905 Gaffney Jewelry Company, Inc 191 1 Erdman Manufacturing Corporation 1905 Jamaica Land Company, Inc J 905 Quick-O-Manufacturing Company, Inc 191 1 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 335 Incorporations of 1904 Legislated Out of Existence Liberty Manufacturing Company 1917 John 1 1. Taylor Company (Watertown) 1910 Crescent Meat & Provision Company 191 1 Kenworthy Engineering & Construction Company 1907 F. II. Lewis Company 1916 M. J. Ashborn & Company, Inc 191 1 Waterbury Cigar Company, Inc 191 1 Mattatuck Piano Company 191 1 Victor Bernier Corporation 191 1 Waterbury & Auburndale Land Company, Inc 191 1 Waterbury Crucible Company 191 1 Incorporations of 1905 Legislated Out of Existence Austin & Woodruff Company, Inc 1914 American Realty Company JQO/ H. J. Lapalme Company J 909 Potter-Foote Paper Company J 9I4 James F. Gaffney & Company, Inc 191 1 Old Buxton Distilling Company, Inc 191 1 Waterbury Electric Company, Inc 191 1 Waterbury Market Company, Inc 191 1 Incorporations of 1906 Legislated Out of Existence Book Novelty Company, Inc 191 1 Burnham Specialty Company 191 5 Buckingham Pharmacy Company I 9 I 4 Brass City Realty Corporation 1916 Geo. N. Ells Company 1917 Metallic Ink Company 1912 Model Market Company 1912 Bristol Automobile Company 1914 Risdon Tool Works, Inc 1910 Swiss Dial Company, Inc 191 1 Waterbury Athletic Corporation 191 1 Waterbury Automobile Company !9 J 4 Waterbury Casino Company 191 1 National Bath Room Fittings Corporation !9 J 4 Waterbury Tent Company 191 1 White Shoe Company 1910 Incorporations of 1907 Legislated Out of Existence Pythian Hall Company of Waterbury, Inc 191 1 S. & L. Chotzianoff Building Company 191 1 Waterbury Light & Equipment Company 191 1 Star Cloak Company 19 1 x Industrial Instrument Company I9 X 5 Waterbury Land & Construction Company 1914 Waterbury & New York Real Estate Company 191 5 Incorporations of 1908 Legislated Out of Existence American Manufacturing Company, Inc 1916 Chotzianoff Building Company 19 1 x F. L. Marks & Company, Inc 19 1 * Prospect Manufacturing Company 19 12 Spearo Clothing Company igi2 336 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Royal Ink and Bronze Manufacturing Company Standard Gauge Manufacturing Company Swenson Grocery Company W. B. S. Automobile Company Waterbury Enamel Company Waterbury Investment & Development Company Young Concrete & Construction Company Incorporations of 1909 Legislated Out of Arthur E. Benson, Inc R. R. Harder & Company, Inc Waterbury and Mapleton Realty Company Waterbury Trotting Association, Incorporated Incorporations of 1910 Legislated Out of Milwaukee Bottling Company Brass City Manufacturing Company August L. Gauthier, Inc Holder Manufacturing Company Milwaukee Beer Company Star Garage Auto Company, Inc Standard Safety Pin Company Securities Sales Company W. S. Carberry Company Waterbury Awning Company Incorporations of 191 1 Legislated Out of Callegaris Building & Improvement Corporation Connecticut Bed Spring Company Brennan & Kane Company Boulevard Company Ideal Specialty Company, Inc McKinney Land & Improvement Company Pollak Art Company Waterbury Metal Products Company Incorporations of 1912 Legislated Out of French Pharmacy, Inc American Amusement Company, Inc Brooklyn Liquor Company Coffey's Lunch Corporation G. G. Riggs Company Guarantee Plumbing Company Ideal Building Company Hub Hotel Company Waterbury Market Company Waterbury Hair Spring Company, Inc Waterville Sales Company Leavitt Department Store, Inc Peterson & Nichols, Inc Modern Cloak & Suit Company South Dakota Land Corporation Naugatuck Valley Coal Company Incorporations of 191 3 Legislated Out of American Implement Company Bergman Company 2 5 7 2 6 [6 4 Existence 1 5 5 2 Existence 4 5 3 5 3 4 4 5 3 4_ Existence 7 3 5 7 2 4 7 5. Existence 7 4 5 5 6 5 4 5 4 7 4 7 5 5 6 5 < Existence 6 6 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATLCK VALLEY 337 East Side Garage, Incorporated I\ A. Wenzel Company George J. Gailey Company H. G. Miller Company Royal Ladies Tailoring Company, Inc Waterbury Wall Taper Company Incorporations of 1914 American Dial Company Connecticut Lunch Corporation Fashion Shop, Inc Depot Cafe Company , I aix Clock Company , Pakville Wagon Works, Inc. (Watertown) . , P. F. Shea & Company, Inc People's Coal Company , \\ aterbury Amusement Company Incorporations of 191 5 Standard Realty & Development Company . . . Globe Clothing Company of Waterbury, Inc, Legislated Out of Legislated Out of 1916 1915 1915 1915 1917 1916 Existence 1917 1917 1917 1917 1916 1916 1917 1917 1917 Existence 1917 1917 DISSOLVED CORPORATIONS The following is a list of Waterbury corporations incorporated prior to 1894 and dissolved after that period. DISSOLVED IN I 899 Incorporated 1893 — Globe Publishing Company. DISSOLVED IN I9O4 Incorporated 1889 — Seeley & Upham Company. DISSOLVED IN I9O5 Incorporated 1883 — Chadwick Butter Company. 1883 — Chapman & Armstrong Mfg. Co. 1876 — People's Coal & Ice Company. 1888 — Woodworth & White Company. 1 89 1 — Waterbury Smelting & Refining Company. t 888— Waterbury Re-cut File Co. 1884 — Waterbury One Price Clothing Company. 1892 — Waterbury Metal Bending Co. 1893 — Waterbury Spoke & Handle Co. 1 89 1 — Waterbury Supply Company. [887 — Waterbury Malleable Iron Co. 1873 — Waterbury Manufacturing Co. 1869 — Terry Clock Company. Incorporated 1879 — Waterbury Needle Company. 1866 — Waterbury Brick Company. 1891 — Waterbury Drug Company. 1886 — Waterbury Electric Company. 189 1 — Waterbury Grocery Company. 1883 — New England Box Company. 1887 — Pearl Lake Manufacturing Co. 1803 — Reed Re-Cut File Company. 1873— Matthews & Stanley Mfg. Co. [853 — Brown & Brothers. [893 — L. F. I Taase Company. [89] — Lang Brothers Company. [891 — Henderson & Baird Company. 1888 — Hillside School Corporation. 1893 — H. W. Keeler Company. Vol. 1—22 338 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Incorporated 1878 — Toltec Mining Company. 1889 — Jericho Granite Company. 1868 — A. Burritt Hardware Company. 1852 — Steele & Johnson Mfg. Co. 1877 — Union Brick Company. 1892 — Waterbury Casting Company. 1891 — Waterbury Amusement Co. m 1881 — Old Globe Copper Company. 1885 — Waterbury Baseball Company. 1889 — Waterbury Automatic Advertis- ing Company. 1852 — Pickett, Turrell & Company. 1876 — Piatt Mill Company. 1 89 1 — Plymouth Granite Company. 1891 — Naugatuck Granite Company. 1882 — Matthews & Willard Company. 1 89 1 — Metal Perforating Company. 1882 — Waterbury Horse Nail Company. 1888 — Waterbury Herald Publishing Company. 1844 — Waterbury Foundry Company. 1887 — Waterbury Toboggan Company. 1854 — -Union Sash & Blind Company. 1864 — Union Spectacle Works. 1865 — United States Button Company. 1889— Union Electric Company. 1885 — Sleeman Gas Saving Company. 1888 — Republican Printing Company. Incorporated 1867 — Hay den & Griggs Mfg. Co. 1885 — New England Wochenblatt Co. 1887 — Guadaloupe Cattle Company. 1 88 1 — Cleveland Cigar Mfg. Co. 1891 — City Drug Company. 1887 — City Drug Store Company. 1893 — City Grocery Company. 1862 — Waterville Knife Co. (Water- ville). 1847 — Waterville Manufacturing Co. 1890 — B. Ball Milk Company. 1866 — Barnard, Son & Company. 1878 — Belmont Silver Mining Co. 1858 — Benedict, Merriman & Company. 1888 — C. E. Conover Company. 1879— Citizens Gas Light Company. 1867 — Blake, Lamb & Company. 1886 — Globe Curtain Pole Company. 1882 — Garrigus Manufacturing Co. 1882 — Gay lord, Cross & Speirs Co. 1878 — Abbott & Root Brass Company. 1853 — American Hosiery Company. 1878 — Connecticut Arizona Mining Co. 1883 — Deming Machine Company. 1890 — Bradley & Hylan Carriage Co. 1883 — Gem Rink Company. 1883 — White Machine Company. 1853 — Cotton Gin Mfg. Co. DISSOLVED IN I9O9 Incorporated 1892 — Cross & Speirs Machine Co. DISSOLVED IN I9II Incorporated Incorporated : 888 — Upson Rogers Company. 1857 — American Suspender Company. 1884-^Big Rapids Door & Blind Mfg. 1850 — Detroit & Lake Superior Copper Company. Company. DISSOLVED IN 1912 Incorporated 1893 — Jackson Print Shop, Inc. DISSOLVED IN I913 Incorporated 1890 — Waterville Cutlery Company. DISSOLVED IN 1916 Incorporated 18S9 — Scovill & Adams Company. Incorporated 1880 — New England Watch Company. CHAPTER XXIX WATERTOWN AND ITS INDUSTRIES POPULATION — CENTENARY CELEBRATION — CHURCHES — SCHOOLS — LIBRARY — INDUS- TRIAL DEVELOPMENT — SOLDIERS' MONUMENT FIRE DEPARTMENT VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY D. A. R. TOWN OFFICIALS — CENSUS. Watertown has made no great strides in population during the past quarter of a century, but its industries have developed in some instances to large pro- portions and its beautiful homes, its long lines of terraced lawns, its finely kept streets, its trees, its public buildings have made it one of the beauty spots of New England. On July 10, 1916, it was honored in the competition for the best clean-up record with a silver cup, which has this inscription : "Presented to Watertown, Conn., July 10th, 1916, by New England Clean-Up and Paint-Up Campaign Committee for conducting the most efficient clean-up and paint-up campaign of any town in New England, having a population of 5,000 or less." The town now takes a pride in its high school and six other schools, including St. John's Parochial School. In addition to these, it is the home of the famous Horace D. Taft School, an institution for the education of boys, which has just been housed in a magnificent new building. It has six churches, a finely con- ducted library, a well-managed volunteer fire department and is in every respect today a modern and up-to-date New England community. On June 17, 1880, Watertown celebrated its centenary. It was incorporated in 1780 as an independent town and named Watertown, the society of North- bury being included until 1795. The centenary celebration was a memorable affair. The following is the narrative of the celebration as prepared by the Daughters of the Revolution : "The parade was large and imposing. The Putnam Phalanx in their pic- turesque continental uniforms attracted general attention and elicited rounds of applause all along the line. Captains Bannon and Spencer's commands marched finely. The fire companies never appeared to better advantage, and the Cen- tennial Cadets, a company of boys, in dark blue uniforms and red sashes, under command of Capt. B. Havens Heminway and Lieut. Charles Heminway were a striking feature of the procession. The antique part of the parade was a decidedly novel one, everything pertaining to it savored of 'ye olden time.' The figures '1780' were attached to nearly everything and the exhibition of antiques in the Town Hall, now the engine house, was very creditable. Roderick Atwood was the patriarch father. The cavalcade was preceded by a man seated astride a horse and surrounded by five barrels, two on each side and one across the pommel of the saddle, this representing the ride through Watertown in 1799 of Noble Atwood, who, to decide a wager, accomplished this feat. There were old vehicles of every description filled with ladies and gentlemen in continental costumes. Nearly everything in this procession was one hundred years old. There was the centennial wagon loaned by Elisha Leavenworth and the old gig in which Doctor Elton long made his rounds to visit his patients on these hills and in the 339 340 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY towns roundabout. The carriage containing Governor Andrews, William E. Curtiss, L. W. Cutler, president of the day, and F. J. Kingsbury, was drawn by four horses driven by Lyman Norton. The staff and other visiting guests were in carriages. While the procession was in motion the salute of twenty-one guns was fired in honor of Governor Andrews. Col. Wm. D. Hotchkiss was chief marshal, and his aides were Rev. Charles Croft, Alanson Warner, Merritt Hemin- way, James Wooster, John Gorra, Wm. Munson, Frank Peck, David Woodward and Henry Atwood. The procession was reviewed in front of the Warren House by Governor Andrews. Hon. Wm. E. Curtiss of New York, whose country home is at Watertown, delivered the historical address." HISTORY OF ITS CHURCHES In the southwest corner of the old cemetery stood the first church of the township, a Congregational Church, for the first ecclesiastical society was organ- ized soon after the incorporation of the Society of Westbury in 1738. There were about three hundred inhabitants in the town when the Rev. John Trumbull was invited to take charge of the parish and in 1741 they began to worship in the new church structure. In 1772, during Mr. Trumbull's pastorate, the second Congregational Church building was erected near the site of the present postoffice. It is worthy of record that during the first fifty years of American missionary history, Dr. Henry DeForest, a member of the Congregational Church of Watertown, went to Syria as a missionary. In 1834 work was begun upon a new church and this was dedicated on Jan- uary 29, 1840, the third Congregational Church to be erected in the town. Rev. Uriel L. Gridley, who succeeded Mr. Trumbull in the pastorate, in 1787, remained for thirty-five years as its pastor. At present Rev. Clarence E. Wells is pastor, and the clerk of the church is Charles W. Bidwell. The Union Congregational Church at Oakville was organized in 1899. Its clerk at present is Roscoe W. French, and its treasurer is Bennett F. Ball. The Christ Episcopal Church was organized in 1765, and had its first church on land southeast of the old cemetery. It was not until April 17, 1787, however, that it was able to settle a clergyman in the community at an annual salary, and its first selection was Rev. Chauncey Pringle who was satisfied with an annual stipend of thirty pounds, to be paid in cattle or produce. The Academy, after- wards Christ Church Parish House, was built in 1838 during the final rectorship of Dr. Frederick Holcomb. In February, 1896, a new organ was placed at the chancel end of the church and many improvements were made. At present the rector is Rev. Francis Banks Wliitcome, and the secretary is S. McLean Buckingham. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Watertown was established in 1800, but it was not until 1838 that a meeting house was erected, at Strait's Turnpike. In 1853 the Methodist Congregation had outgrown the little meeting-house, and on the invitation of Gen. Merrit Heminway accepted the use of the ball-room at his hotel for Sunday services. On December 13, 1854, however, the Methodist Episcopal Church was dedicated. In 1897 the membership of the church had increased to such an extent that it became necessary to build a still larger edifice. The money was raised, largely through the generosity and influence of Augustus N. Woolson, who purchased the old church for $1,000 and removed it and later not alone subscribed to the building fund for the church, but gave liberally toward its equipment. The WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 3-41 present pastor of the church is Rev. Henry D. Trinkes, and Robert J. Moore is the secretary, a position he has held for nearly two decades. In 1841 the first Roman Catholic, Michael Dunn, came to reside in Water- town. Three years later he was joined by Anna Gaffney and Patrick Dougherty. In 1853, there were a dozen Catholics in the town, comprising the families of Patrick Dougherty, Michael Dunn, James Goodsell, John Kane, Robert Torrence and John McGowan. The first priest who visited Watertown was the Rev. Mi- chael O'Neil of Waterbury. He celebrated Holy Mass at the house of John McGowan. In 1877 the site of the present church was purchased, and the erec- tion of the edifice began at once. The corner-stone was laid in 1877. On March 24, 1878, Bishop Galberry dedicated it in honor of St. John the Evangelist. The church cost $7,000. Patrick Dunnigan and John Kane were the first trustees. In 1884, the Watertown Parish was divided from Thomaston, with Terryville as a mission. Rev. Joseph Fones was the first resident priest. He remained two years. In 1886 he was succeeded by Rev. James W. Lancaster. Father Lancaster died in 1899. He was succeeded by Rev. James H. O'Donnell. Father O'Donnell renovated the church and rectory, laid concrete walks, introduced a new heating apparatus and electric lights and liquidated the entire debt of the parish. He also purchased a cemetery lot at a cost of $700 toward which the town donated $300. This cemetery was blessed in 1896 by Bishop Tierney and named Mount St. James' Cemetery. Father John Loftus succeeded Father O'Donnell in 1902 and is still, in 1917, in charge of the parish. Through the efforts of Father Lof ius, St. John's Parochial School was erected in 1907. This is on Main Street, near Woodruff Avenue, and is under the direc- tion of the Sisters of Notre Dame, Sister Bernardine, superior. St. Mary Magdalene Church on Buckingham Street, Oakville, was organized August 15, 1902. It is now in charge of Rev. John A. Condan. its schools Until 1883 Watertown was able to accommodate its own pupils in one school- house, to which additions had been made from time to time. In that year, how- ever, it was voted by the district to build a new schoolhouse "upon the present school site," and to buy a small piece of land in the rear adjoining the same. They were empowered to "move or sell the old schoolhouse, erect a school building, grade and finish the same, provided the sum total did not exceed the sum of $8,500 which was provided." The building was erected and contained four rooms. Additions were made from time to time until there were eight rooms. Early in the morning of December 21, 1906, the school building and all its con- tents were burned. On February 4, 1907, the district voted to appropriate $50,000 to erect a new school building which should contain twelve rooms. This was confirmed March 25, 1907. At the present time there are six schools in the jurisdiction of the Water- town School Committee, of which Fletcher W. Judson is chairman, Charles W. Bidwell is secretary, L. K. Chance, superintendent. The schools are as follows: High School with four grades and laboratory; Baldwin School, eight rooms. An addition of four rooms to the South School, Oakville, was completed in 1917 at a cost of $30,000. This is now a twelve room school, with an attendance of 436. The other schools are the Falls Avenue, Guernseytown, Polk, Linfield, Winna- maug, and Nova Scotia. Total number enumerated in 19 17 was 1,274. 342 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Horace D. Taft, A. M., brother of former President Taft, was born in Cin- cinnati, Ohio, December 28, 1861. He is a son of Alphonso and Louisa (Torrey) Taft. Mr. Taft entered Yale in 1879 and was graduated in the class of 1883. He then went abroad with his father, who was at that time minister to Austria, and on his return he studied law in Cincinnati and was admitted to the bar in 1885. Two years later he was appointed tutor of Latin at Yale. In 1890 he established a school at Pelham Manor and three years later he removed his school to Water- town and purchased the Warren House, in which to conduct the school. He is now in the large new school recently built and opened. The institution is designed to fit boys for college and scientific schools and the course of study covers five years. Mr. Taft has been very successful in his work, the school making a steady growth under his care. WATERTOWN LIBRARY The Library Association was formed in 1865, through the energy and in- fluence of Reverend Doctor Lewis, rector of Christ Church, who called a meeting of those interested in founding a public library. They had little hopes of success, but subscriptions were solicited and when an amount was raised sufficient to buy 500 books and a few magazines, the library was opened in an upper room of the old academy. Miss Nancy Bronson was appointed librarian. It remained in the academy for about one year, when it was removed to an upper room of the store now owned by Francis N. Barton. Ten years later Dr. John DeForest donated $5 000 as a perpetual fund, the interest of which should be used for the purchasing of books. In 1879 tne Legislature passed an act incorporating "the Watertown Library Association," making sure its possessions. Four years later Benjamin DeForest, brother of Doctor John, gave $15,000 for a library building which was completed and ready for occupation the following year. Dr. John DeForest then made a second donation of $5,000 and at his death two years later he left a legacy of $10,000 more, making in all $20,000 which the library received from him. A number of other legacies have been received. From Hon. Leman W. Cutler, who was president of the Library Association for many years, $3,000 ; Caleb T. Hickcox, $800 ; and Henry Piatt, $500. The building is of gray Ouincy granite, and is a very attractive piece of architecture. The interior is finished in ash. Portraits of Dr. John and Benjamin DeForest, and their parents, also Leman W. Cutler and Caleb Hickcox adorn the walls ; attractive donations have been made by the Sexta Feira Literary Club of the "Winged Victory of Samothrace" and a bronze tablet in memory of John Trum- bull, poet, who was a native of Watertown. Buell Heminway, president of the association, presented a cast of the "Flying Mercury," and a handsome table and chairs. Samuel Curtis, a painting of buffaloes, by J. D. Flowland. Benjamin DeForest Curtis has given many historical works of great value. Miss Nancy Bronson was the efficient librarian for thirty-eight years and six months, untiring in her efforts for its growth and prosperity. In 1885 Miss Jennie Smith was appointed assistant librarian, as the work had become more than one could perform. In 1903, Miss Bronson resigned, and Miss Smith was made head librarian. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT The history of the industrial development of Watertown began with its pioneers, and was promoted as the settlement grew, and its needs were made manifest. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 343 The M. Heminway & Sons' Silk Company is one of the largest and best known industries in Watertown. Gen. Merrit Heminway was the son of John and Hannah Thompson Heminway, of East Haven. He was born March 21, 1800, and came to Watertown at twenty-one years of age. He was clerk for James Bishop, who carried on the mercantile business in the basement of the Bishop Hotel, which stood on the site of the Homer Heminway residence. In 1822, a company was formed under the firm name of Bishop & Heminway, and continued until 1842, when Mr. Heminway assumed control of the business. Later Mr. I teminway fitted up a building, which is part of the present factory and had been occupied by Nathaniel Wheeler, who was engaged at that time as a wagon maker, and there began the manufacture of sewing silk in skeins. A few years later he formed a joint-stock company, having his four sons and a daughter as partners, under the firm name of M. Heminway & Sons' Silk Company. Mr. Heminway was the first in this country to spool silk. The first were made to hold twelve yards each. After making a small quantity, he took it to New York for the inspection and approval of the leading New York merchants of that time. They were discouraging in their opinions, believing it would stretch the silk, which would be detrimental, but Mr. Heminway was not a man to be easily dis- couraged. He continued to spool the silk. The sales increased and from a small force of twelve or fifteen employees, they now number about three hundred in all departments. In 19 1 7 the M. Heminway & Sons Silk Company was purchased by Ham- mond Knowlton & Company of Putnam, Conn., and after January 2d the com- pany will be known as the H. K. H. Company. Its capital is $2,500,000. After the death of General Heminway, his son Buell organized a silk com- pany in which his son, B. Havens Heminway and Henry Bartlett were his partners under the firm name of The Heminway & Bartlett Silk Co. It started business in September, 1888, and its first officers were: Buell Heminway, president and treasurer; H. H. Bartlett, vice president; B. H. Hem- inway, secretary. Mr. Bartlett succeeded to the presidency on the death of Mr. Heminway, March 6, 191 5, and Howard Chichester, of New York, became vice president, while B. H. Heminway remains as secretary and treasurer, with B. P. Hudson as assistant secretary and B. H. Heminway, Jr., as superintendent. The first factory was 40 by 60 feet. They employed fifteen people, of whom none were paid over $1 per day, the average wage being $5 per week. They now employ 250 and about 65 per cent women, and the girls earn from nine to eighteen dollars per week. Many employes have been with the company twenty-five years. A large proportion are skilled operatives and the company now also employs much automatic machinery that has been developed in Watertown. The present factory is 400 by 60 feet long, three stories in height, of mill construc- tion and supplied with sprinkler system. The equipment includes individual motors and all the latest improved devices needed in the manufacture of silk goods of this character. From the beginning the company manufactured spool, embroidery and crochet silks and in 1 912 added silk hosiery. In January, 1850, the Watertown Mfg. Company was formed, with a capital stock of $30,000, to manufacture mouse-traps, umbrella sticks, machinery, and other goods. A. G. Davis was elected president, A. B. Everett, secretary and treasurer. A factory valued at from five to six thousand dollars was built on the site of the Jonathan Scott sawmill, then owned and used as a sawmill by Jeremiah Peck, and the bell of the old factory was hung in the tower. In 1861 Everett & Davis again purchased it and four years later Augustus N Woolson succeeded Mr. Everett and the firm name was changed to Davis & 344 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Woolson. Mr. Davis built many of the original machines used in the factory. Mr. Davis died January 18, 1873, and Mr. Woolson assumed control of the busi- ness and continued it for over thirty years. Augustus N. Woolson was a man of wonderful energy and ability and soon built up a prosperous business, necessi- tating additions to the factory from time to time. Mr. Woolson continued to manufacture the mouse-traps, but gave more attention to umbrella and parasol trimmings. Henry S. Frost was superintendent during Mr. Woolson's owner- ship, and aided the business by his popularity with the employes, as well as in reconstructing and building new machines for special purposes. Augustus N. W'oolson died July 20, 1903. He left the business to his son, James B. Woolson, under whose name it still continues. It now manufactures umbrella and parasol furniture, brass novelties, runners, notches, caps, case rings, cane and parasol ferrules. THE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT Caleb Hickcox left in his will $3,000 towards a soldiers' monument, to be available at the death of Mrs. Hickcox. In 1902, the Soldiers' Monument Asso- ciation was organized and a soliciting committee appointed. Of the money received, $3,500 was contributed by citizens and friends, and a monument to commemorate the memory of the men who gave their lives in their country's cause has been erected on the slope opposite the Methodist Church. It was formally unveiled in 1907 in the presence of Gen. O. O. Howard. Prof. Wm. H. Burr, of Columbia University, and Congressman George L. Lilley delivered addresses. The monument was unveiled by Miss Katherine L. Barnes, of Watertown. A notable event in the history of Watertown was the unveiling on June 3, 1908, of the Scott Memorial, which was participated in by both the Waterbury and Watertown Chapters of the D. A. R. It commemorated "the sufferings and tortures inflicted by the Indians upon Jonathan Scott and his wife, Hannah Hawks Scott." ITS FIRE DEPARTMENT The Watertown Fire Department was organized May 8, 1894. The number of members at that time was about fifty. The first officers were: Wm. H. Beers, chief engineer; E. W. Wheeler, assistant engineer; John J. Gailey, secretary; James B. Woolson, treasurer. The department is divided into two companies, called Hook and Ladder, No. 1, and Chemical Engine Co., No. I. The present apparatus owned by the town is as follows: One combination auto-chemical and hose, with equipment ; one hook and ladder truck with equip- ment; one hand-drawn chemical of fifty gallons capacity. The present active membership of the department is sixty. The fire alarm system has been installed in the telephone central office and is directly connected with the telephone company's batteries. Harry A. Skilton is now chief engineer of the department. VILLAGE IMPROVEMENT SOCIETY The Village Improvement Society was organized January 10, 1905. with Horace D. Taft as president, Mrs. Merritt Heminway as vice president, Mrs. Alfred Stephens, secretary, and Charles B. Mattoon, treasurer. Its present officers are: President, Robert V. Magee ; vice president, Mrs. Merritt Heminway; secretary, Harold E. Thompson; treasurer, Earl Hudson. WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 345 The purpose of the society is to beautify and improve the appearance of the village, to assist in making sidewalks, in grading and in making any public im- provement that will benefit the town or its residents, and to try to stimulate a spirit of progressiveness in the people. The society has received the encourage- ment of the public and looks for a generous support in coming years. DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION The Sarah Whitman Trumbull Chapter, D. A. R., was organized October 24, 1904. State regent, Mrs. Sara T. Kinney, met the twenty charter members at "Campsie," the home of Mrs. John A. Buckingham, and appointed Mrs. John A. Buckingham first regent. At a meeting following, Mrs. Buckingham appointed Mrs. Merritt Heminway, vice regent; Miss Cornelia B. Hotchkiss, corresponding secretary; Mrs. Francis B. Noble, recording secretary; Mrs. John H. Taylor, treasurer; Mrs. Charles B. Mattoon, historian; Mrs. Robert T. Lewis, registrar. Its present officers are : Honorary regent, Mrs. John A. Buckingham ; regent, Mrs. G. H. Decker; corresponding secretary, Mrs. B. H. Heminway; recording secretary, Mrs. George N. Griswold ; treasurer, Mrs. E. C. Fannie Low ; registrar, Mrs. H. A. Ashenden; historian, Miss Marion Scoville; auditors, Mrs. James B. Woolson, Mrs. Charles Kelly. TOWN OFFICIALS Its present officials are: Representative to the General Assembly, James G. Skilton; probate judge, Howard M. Hickcox; clerk and register, Bennett C. Atwood; treasurer, Howard M. Hickcox; selectmen, M. E. Brahen, Herbert T. Dayton, L. W. DuBois; school committee, A. A. Stone, Ernest K. Loveland, Wm. R. Smith, Charles W. Bidwell, Wm. S. Taylor, Myron Wheeler, Fletcher W. Judson, Daniel G. Sullivan, Adolph Recker. CENSUS The population of Watertown by the census of 19 10 was 3,850. By the census of 1900 this was 3, too. It is estimated in 191 7 at 4,500. Its grand list this year is $4,350,158, an increase of $3,000,000 since 1902. Its total indebtedness is $98,152. Its rate of taxation is 1$% mills. Much of its history, particularly that covering its railroads and other public utilities, is covered in the chapters devoted to Waterbury, for the two towns are closely allied and their interests merge into each other at many points. CHAPTER XXX \\ ATERBURY'S NEAREST NEIGHBOR COLONIAL AND LATER PERIOD EARLY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT THE RUBBER INDUSTRY'S BEGINNING SCHOOLS CHURCHES HOWARD WHITTEMORE LIBRARY THE BOROUGH GOVERNMENT THE WHITTEMORE BRIDGE WHITTEMORE GIFTS BANKS PUBLIC UTILITIES FIRE AND POLICE DEPARTMENTS NEW POST OFFICE THE GENERAL WASHINGTON HOUSE THE Y. M. C. A. AND SIMILAR INSTITUTIONS. Naugatuck, situated about twenty-five miles north of New Haven and Bridge- port, and the immediate neighbor to the south of Waterbury, is a thriving manu- facturing city of over fifteen thousand population. Its early industries were established because of the water power furnished by the Naugatuck River, which stream is now the center of a fine parking and highway system. This, with the natural beauty of the valley, makes it one of the beautiful towns of New England. It has sixty-six buildings used for mills and manufactures which have a valuation of three million dollars. It has nearly two thousand dwellings, many of them very beautiful, and with a valuation of three millions. It has excellent railroad facilities, having a double track system to Bridge- port, known as the Naugatuck division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, on which a dozen passenger trains each way are available daily, and a through express service on this division between New York and Boston is well established. Its freight facilities are satisfactory, there being freight delivery from New York in less than ten hours from time of loading, in normal times. The railroad follows the west bank of the Naugatuck River, while the trolley has its roadbed on the east bank, and in many cases its course on the hillsides is nearly as abrupt as the famous gorge ride of Niagara Falls. Trolley connections can be made to all parts of the state, as far as Boston to the north and New York to the south. Naugatuck is one of the younger towns of the state, having been set off from Waterbury in 1844, incorporated in 1893 as a borough, which in 1895 was con " solidated with the town government. Its growth of population shows a most healthy condition. The official census of 1890 showed a population of 6.218; in 1900 a population of 10,541, and today it is estimated at about 15,000. Naugatuck is the home of the rubber industry, and more rubber shoes and boots are made here than anywhere in the United States, the combined capacity of its plants being more than sixty thousand pairs daily. Its banking facilities are excellent. Its city water supply consists of four storage and one distributing reservoirs, having a total capacity of 150.000,000 gallons. Owing to the physical contour of the surrounding country the gravity system is used, and at the lowest point the pressure is over one hundred pounds. In addition, an auxiliary pump- ing station is maintained, should a prolonged drought or accident occasion its use. Naugatuck has a most efficient fire department. All the factories have auxiliary protection, and the great pumps not only protect their own property, but 346 TOWN' HALL. NAUGATU< K WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 347 could also be used as an aid to the local department should an emergency occur. Its school system is unsurpassed. This consists of twelve graded schools and one high school, situated at convenient places and representing an investment of nearly a million dollars. The Congregational Church represents an investment of more than one hun- dred and fifty thousand dollars, including the parish house and the parsonage. The St. Francis Roman Catholic Church, with its school and parsonage, repre- sents fully as much, and Xaugatuck has one of the finest puhlic lihraries in the State. The work of enlarging the various industrial establishments of Xaugatuck has been particularly heavy during the past eighteen months, the prosperity of the country reflecting itself in vast manufacturing additions. The Goodyear Metallic Rubber Shoe Company has completed its new manu- facturing building, which is a five-story structure, 120 by 55, and will increase the capacity by 2,000 pairs daily, adding 200 workers to the pay roll. Further improvements are also planned. The Goodyear India Rubber Glove Company has its plans completed for replacing the old mill with a new building. The Dunham Hosier}- Company has made alterations which enabled it to increase greatlv its capacity, but the limit has again been reached, and the erection of a large building is in contemplation. The Rubber Regenerating Company has just added a three-story building, 300 by 70. to its plant. The Xaugatuck Chemical Company is planning several new structures. The Risdon Tool and Machine Company has greatly increased its capacity with additions. The Eastern Malleable Iron Company has important additions and changes under consideration. The new Tuttle home will be a beautiful addition to the residential section of Xaugatrrk. HISTORY FROM COLONIAL PERIOD In his valuable history of Waterbury, Dr. Joseph Anderson has the following explanation of the derivation and meaning of the word "Xaugatuck" : "The name 'Naugatuck,' which appears in the Paugasuck deed as the estab- lished designation of the Mattatuck River, was originally used in a very restricted sense, but is now the most frequently mentioned and most widely known of all the aboriginal names in the valley, the first instance of its occurrence is in the Records of the Jurisdiction of Xew Haven for May 27. 1657. Among the condi- tions proposed by the inhabitants of Paugasuck, upon which they were willing to 'submit themselves to the jurisdiction,' the first was in these words: 'That they have liberty to buy the Indians' land, behind them, that is over Xaugatuck River, and not toward Xew Haven bounds, and also above them northward, up into the country.' In a deed to Thomas Wheeler, the same year, the name occurs again: and again in a deed to Joseph Hawley and Henry Tomlinson, of Stratford, August 16. 1668, and frequently afterward in the Derby records and the colonial records of Xew Haven and Connecticut. This was the name by which the river was known in the lower part of the valley. Yet in a report made to the General Court by a Derby and Mattatuck committee, in May, 1680, it is designated once as 'Mattatuck River' and twice as the 'Naugatuck or Mattatuck.' When the planta- tion of Mattatuck became the Town of Waterbury, the name Waterbury was also 348 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY applied to the river, but did not retain its hold upon it. Of course, it is impossible to say at what date the name 'Naugatuck' achieved a complete victory, but it appears to have had the field to itself for more than a hundred years past. Being used to designate the river, it came to be applied as a matter of course to the valley through which the river flows. "This was the only use of the name until 1844, when it was adopted as the name of the new town. At the May session of the General Assembly in that year, that part of Waterbury embraced within the society of Salem, with portions of Bethany and Oxford, was 'incorporated as a distinct town, by the name of Nauga- tuck.' A year later (May, 1845), the Legislature incorporated 'The Naugatuck Railroad Company,' and from that time the old aboriginal name became a house- hold word to thousands who might not otherwise have known it." As regards the meaning of this name, the traditional derivation is given in Doctor Bronson's "History of Waterbury." Naukotunk, the original form of the word, is there said to mean "one large tree," and to have been the original name of Humphreysville (now Seymour), which was so called from a large tree for- merly standing near Rock Rimmon at Seymour. The same derivation is given in a letter from Stiles French of Northampton, Mass., formerly of Seymour, who received it from the Rev. Smith Dayton, whose authority was Eunice Mauwee, the daughter of "Chuce." Mr. French says: "She told Mr. Dayton that the name Naugatuck meant 'one big tree,' and was pronounced by the Indians Naw-ka-tunk. This 'one big tree' stood about where the copper works in Sey- mour now are, and afforded the Indians a shade when they came to the Rimmon falls to fish." This tradition is apparently direct and authentic. In a Derby deed, dated April 22, 1678, "the fishing place at Naugatuck" is definitely mentioned; and there can be no doubt that this ancient "Naugatuck," which gave the river its name, was at or near the spot where Seymour now stands. But it is quite as likely to have been designated the "fishing place at the bend in the river," as "the fishing place at the one tree." When "Chuce" went there, with his band, about 1720, it was the only piece of land in the Town of Derby which the Indians had not sold. Because of its value as a "fishing place" they clung to it to the last. There is authentic evidence that the first white settler on the present site of Naugatuck was Samuel Hickcox, who on December 21, 1702, moved into the home he had built on what was then part of Judd's Meadows. Doctor Anderson thus relates the first occupation of the valley: "Judd's Meadows extended from Derby line to the upper limits of the valleys of Hop Brook and Fulling Mill Brook. "The earliest known occupation of the meadows and uplands by the planters was for the use of their cattle. This information comes through grants that were made, some of which remain of record. In 1699 Abraham Andrews received one 'on the brook that runs through Benjamin Barnes's yard.' This was neither a 'door-yard' nor a yard for drying cloth, but an enclosure for cattle, designed to keep them in safety from wolves or other wild animals at night during the season of pasturage, a herdsman attending them during the day. The brook that ran through Benjamin Barnes's yard is that now insignificant stream along which the highway winds from Union City to the railway station. "This region was subdivided by the English into meadows that were owned by certain of the proprietors, as Andrews's meadow at Union City, west of the river, Welton's lot up Hop Brook under the hills just above Andrews's Meadow, the Deacon's meadow at the upper part of the Naugatuck village and extending down to, if not below, the bridge. All of the above were on the west side of the PHOENIX RUBBER SHOE FACTORY. XAUUATUCK GOODYEAR METALLIC RUBBER SHOE COMPANY, NAUGATUCK WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 349 river. On the east side, across the highway from Grove Cemetery (which is in Wecobemeas), lay 'Ben Jones's' lot. Hickcox meadow was north of the river at the bend near the 'Old Canoe Place.' Above the burying-yard of 1709 was Thomas Warner's allotment. The miller, John Hopkins, obtained his portion of meadow at the lower extremity of the valley in the midst of a section of country naturally adapted to the raising of rye, an industry which at a later day became a leading specialty in that region, kilns being erected for drying the grain for shipment to foreign countries. Being near New Haven, the principal shipping port, the naturally superior lands in that vicinity were reckoned among the most valuable in the township for that purpose, and were appraised 140 years ago for more than their market value at the present time, that is, the river lands and those immediately adjacent, just above the straits. From the rapid and extensive spread of the landed possessions of the Hopkins and the Lewis families in all the region round about, the raising of rye must have proved a lucrative business in those days." In Naugatuck the first burial was conducted in 1709, in what was afterward designated as Pine Hill Grave Yard, now known as the "Ancient Cemetery," between Main and Oak streets. In 1795 a small lot was set aside in the section now known as Hillside Cemetery, and the first interment was made in that year. The Grove Cemetery Association was organized November 8, 1886, and incor- porated in January, 1887. Xaugatuck was an integral part of Waterbury until 1844, and was known by the name of Salem or Salem Bridge. For all but corporate purposes, the latter name was used. Thus the Salem Ecclesiastical Society was organized in 1773, the church was organized in 178T. the building erected in 1782, and the first regular pastor, Rev. Abram Fowler, took charge of the parish in 1785. The name of Xaugatuck for this section of what was Waterbury did not come into general use until 1800. EARLY INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT The first industrial plant of which there is any record was a carding or fulling mill, which flourished in 1710 on Great Brook. The first instance of the Naugatuck River being clammed was in 1824. The power thus generated was applied to pioneer machinery used for the manufacture of gilt buttons. Later this power was used for the making of clocks, the oper- ating of carding machinery, and so forth. The largest industry in Naugatuck has always been, as it is now. the rubber working enterprises which keep so many thousands of Naugatuck citizens em- ployed and busy. This had its start in 1843, shortly before the incorporation of the town. Here one must turn to the author of Naugatuck's fortunes, Charles Goodyear, the inventor of the process for vulcanizing India rubber, and his connection with the great rubber industry here. Charles Goodyear was born in New Haven, December 29, 1800. When he was still a child, his parents removed to Naugatuck, and it was here that he received his early education and grew to manhood. On August 24, 1824, he married Miss Clarissa Beecher, daughter of Daniel Beecher, a leading citizen of Xaugatuck. At the age of twentv-one he became associated in business with his father, \masa Goodyear, who was possessed of inventive ability and who was a manufacturer of buttons and hardware specialties. It was in his father's factory, no doubt, that his inherited talent for invention developed. 350 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Charles Goodyear was the first to see the possibilities of India rubber as a commercial substance if it could be hardened. Before his discovery of the vulcanizing process was perfected, however, he experienced the most pitiful poverty. Often without food or clothing for himself and his family, subjected to the severest hardships, cast into prison for debt, looked upon as "rubber mad" by his friends, he continued his great work, confident that his efforts would be crowned with success. The story of his discovery is well known. It was one of the simplest and yet one of the most useful discoveries which have been made. The history of the invention and introduction of vulcanized India rubber overshoes, which originated in Naugatuck, in the office of William C. DeForrest, brother-in-law of the inventor, is better told by Charles DeForrest, who in a letter to the late William Ward of Naugatuck, related the following: "Mr. Goodyear, the inventor, Mr. Milo Lewis, Mr. Samuel H. Lewis and Mr. Elliot of New Haven, met in my late father's woolen factory in Naugatuck, Mr. Goodyear having provided the material and lasts for the purpose of vulcanizing a rubber shoe on a last. He had brought with him his eldest daughter, my late wife of blessed memory, with materials, and there she made the first pair of rubber overshoes, afterward vulcanized in a little shop just above the present grand plant of The Goodyear Metallic Rubber Shoe Company. From this modest effort came the great enterprise of millions of pairs yearly. "The India rubber shoe interest up to about the year 1850 was the best paying license the inventor, Mr. Goodyear, had. At that time my father's advances to him were so great that he had to assign. Whereupon the litigation instigated by one Horace H. Day required eminent counsel and a committee of the rubber shoe manufacturers agreed to pay a retaining fee of $25,000 to the Honorable Daniel Webster, provided Mr. Goodyear would release to the licensees five-sixths of their royalties, namely, from three cents a pair to one-half cent a pair. This Mr. Goodyear, under pressure, agreed to. "The patent was sustained by the United States courts at Trenton, N. J., and Mr. Goodyear gave up five-sixths of his income from India rubber overshoes. Thus comes the establishment of Naugatuck's greatest industry. "We also learn from the correspondence preserved by one of our large rubber companies that many of Mr. Goodyear's experiments were worked out in Nauga- tuck and that Naugatuck's part in assisting him was a most important one." THE PRINCIPAL INDUSTRIES While Naugatuck is chiefly a rubber manufacturing community, it also has other industries employing several millions of dollars of capital and several thou- sand workers. The manufacture of underwear and sweaters plays a large part in the borough industries, as does also the making of specialties in malleable iron. Naugatuck's gigantic rubber industry is represented by The Goodyear's India Rubber Glove Mfg. Co. and The Goodyear's Metallic Rubber Shoe Co., two of the borough's largest concerns. Each employs hundreds of workers and the output is sold in nearly every part of the world. The Goodyear India Rubber Glove Company began business in Litchfield in 1844, and was brought to Naugatuck in 1847, when it was incorporated under its present name. The growth of the company was steady and today the plant covers many acres of land. The concern is engaged in the manufacture of gloves, rubber clothing, dress shields, nursery sheetings and a large variety of druggists' articles. The industry to C5 00 o o o i H WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 351 includes three plants and its employees number more than 2,000. It is here that 75 per cent of the rubber gloves and mittens used in the United States are pro- duced. Throughout the entire plant is modern, sanitary and a cause for just pride on the part of Naugatuck citizens. The pioneer company, the Goodyear Metallic Rubber Shoe Co., had small beginnings, hut the plant of today is one of the most modern of its kind in the world. The company is the oldest manufacturing corporation in the borough, having been founded in 1843. Yet in the many years of its existence, there have been only six presidents, namely, Samuel J. Lewis, the founder, Hon. James E. English, George A. Lewis, son of the founder, Samuel P. Colt, James B. Ford, and the present executive, F. F. Schaffer. Both of these factories are owned by the United States Rubber Company, which has also established a reclaiming plant as a part of its organization. In it modern and sometimes original methods of using waste material are used by Edward A. Andersen, its manager. Tons and tons of old rubber boots, overshoes, tires, etc., are ground up, treated and turned out as marketable rubber. The Naugatuck Malleable Iron Company, located at Union City, has one of the largest and most modern factories of its kind in the state. A specialty is made of tires for carriage and wagon wheels and castings that are used for the manu- facture of guns, pistols and other articles that require tough metal. It also makes a specialty of shear castings to which steel blades are welded. The business was started on the partnership plan in 1858 by Tuttle & Whitte- more, the latter being the father of the president of today, Harris Whittemore. Later the firm became known as the Tuttle-Whittemore Company, and in July, 1889, was incorporated as the Naugatuck Malleable Iron Company. The capacity of the plant, which covers six acres, is eight thousand to ten thousand tons a year. Boxmaking is another of Naugatuck industries, the White & Wells Company making several thousand paper boxes daily. The rubber factories of the borough use most of these boxes for packing their goods. The factory is one of the several branches of the company which is a joint stock corporation, organized under Con- necticut laws. The business was organized in 1893. The Naugatuck Chemical Company is another of Naugatuck's industries. It produces chemicals of all sorts, including sulphuric and muriatic acids and other heavy chemicals. The products are sold in nearly every corner of the globe. The company was organized and incorporated in June, 1904, and consists of several of Naugatuck's most widely known business men under the direction of James B. Ford, the president. The Diamond Laboratory, established in 1888, for the manufacture of marsh- mallow cream, has 7,500 feet of floor space, modern machinery, and is a model in sanitation. The business is carried on under the direction of Mrs. Ida E. May. The Naugatuck Manufacturing Company is engaged in the manufacture of brass, bronze and aluminum castings in the rough or finished. Salesmen sell their products all over the United States. The making of chains is another branch of the business. The Dunham Hosiery Company was started in 1876 and incorporated under its present name in 1880. The products of the company are hosiery, underwear, sweaters and similar articles which are the very best of their particular lines. The plant is well fitted and modern in every respect, and became very busy soon after the outbreak of the European war, owing to large orders received for the Allied armies. The long-time president of the company, A. C. Dunham, died in 1917. 352 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY THE RUBBER INDUSTRY AT BEACON FALLS Rubber marks the beginning of the history of the little nearby Town of Beacon Falls, from a manufacturing viewpoint. Dating back as early as 1852, the orig- inal shop was erected by pioneers of the vicinity for the purpose of manufacturing hard rubber goods. The original mill, modern in its time, was operated more or less successfully for ten years, or until 1862. Among the commodities made of hard rubber were powder flasks, which were at that time a necessary part of a hunter's equipment in the charging of the muzzle-loading shotgun, also the flint lock musket, which was then still in use. Whip sockets and buttons also played an important part in the output of the mill. Following the year 1862 a split in the management occurred and a portion of the stock and equipment was moved to College Point, N. Y., and the balance to the adjoining Village of Seymour. From 1864 to 1872 the little mill was operated as a shawl factory under tlie name of the Home Woolen Company. When the boys returned from the Civil war attired in the army overcoat, the style and idea brought in by the survivors of the awful conflict was quickly adopted and shawls for men gradually ceased to become an article of dress. During the period from 1873 to l &97 the plant was operated under several names and engaged in the manufacture of several commodities included in the cotton, knit and woolen goods line. During 1897 an d 1898 the mill and many of the houses of the village were closed and the windows boarded up. In the fall of 1898 the Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Company was projected and organized, the first shoes being made in March, 1899. The personnel of the or- ganization at inception was as follows : President, George A. Lewis ; vice president and general manager, Adna D. Warner ; secretary and treasurer, Tracy S. Lewis ; superintendent, Lewis C. Warner ; traffic department, LaVete Warner ; general selling agent, A. D. Wentz. The first rubber shoe was manufactured by the concern on March 15, 1899, under the immediate supervision of Mr. L. C. Warner, and also the first pair of rubber boots. From that day to the present moment, the manufacture of rubber footwear at Beacon Falls has been a con- tinuous and growing reality. The business enjoyed a healthy growth, and in 1900 a four-story addition, 5° by 75 feet, was erected. This was followed in 1902 by the erection of another addition, 60 by 150 feet, and in 1908 a warehouse, 80 by 100 feet. In 191 5 another story was added to the warehouse and the whole building stuccoed over. In April, 1904, the office and accounting department was badly damaged by fire and water, but the records of the plant were found in the vaults in perfect condition, permitting the business to continue without interruption or delay. In 1909 a storehouse for supplies was constructed, 72 by 42 feet, comprising one-story and a basement. In 191 5 another story was added. In 1912 a new vulcanizing room, 30 by 50 feet, was built. Following the year 1900 the present Boston, New York and Chicago branches were opened, and later incorporated under the laws of Massachusetts, New York and Illinois as distributing centers for New England, the Middle Atlantic and Western territories. In 1914, the Minneapolis and Kansas City branches were opened and a connection established in San Francisco. This company, while entirely independent, has always held and enjoyed the most pleasant relations with its competitors. Their policy touching the em- ployee, the dealer and the consumer, is broad and liberal in business. The company maintains a band within its organization which plays selections I ■ ■ o — — o o < = WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 353 every noon time the year around, in front of the plant, while in the summer months many concerts are given in the cozy little park fronting on the main street, which arc thoroughly enjoyed by the townspeople and oftentimes by auto- mobile parties from nearby towns. The company has built and maintains a moving picture theater, attractive in design, for the entertainment of both the employees and the townspeople. The building also includes an assembly and dance hall, where the company's employees hold many enjoyable parties throughout the year, at low cost. The company is interested, at the present time, and good progress is being made, in developing a colony of employees owning their own homes in Beacon Falls. A comprehensive plan has been worked out by the company's officials toward that end. THE SCHOOLS OF NAUGATUCK One of Naugatuck's greatest assets is its magnificent school system. It is interesting to note that the right to establish a free school near the site of Nauga- tuck was granted on February 25, 1642. Not until 1730, however, did Water- bury create a school district in that part of its limits known as Judd's Meadows or Salem. After May, 1773. the Salem Society managed the schools within its limits and its first committee of school directors consisted of Isaac Judd, Terace Terrell and Asahel Porter. In 1774 the East side was created one district, the West side another. In 1777 the Center School district was established and in 1851 the latter was one of the five districts consolidated under the title L T nion Center School District. Naugatuck's school boards began a system of proper housing and of increased modern education equipment in 1897 with the opening of the new schoolhouses at Union City and on Central Avenue, in the Union Center district. With the opening of the winter term, in 1898, manual training was introduced at the Salem school. The era of greatest advancement began with the election of the present super- intendent of schools, Frank W. Eaton, in 1900. In 1906 he was elected superin- tendent of the schools of the whole borough. On May 10, 1905, the new high school, the gift of the late J. H. Whittemore, was dedicated with impressive services. He had also previously given the borough the Salem grade school. His son, Harris Whittemore, has presented the borough with the new Hop Brook graded school, which was opened and used in 1917. The following is a summary of the school property: High school building, Hillside Avenue ; brick, built 1905 ; condition, excellent ; property of the borough. Valuation of building and grounds, $300,000. Heat, steam boiler, furnishing direct and indirect heat regulated by thermostats ; blower and exhaust fans. Accommodations, nine class rooms, 373 sittings ; cooking room ; sewing room ; two manual training rooms : library ; commercial room ; chemical and physical laboratories with recitation room and apparatus room ; drawing room; assembly hall, 440 sittings; gymnasium with baths, lockers and dressing rooms for boys and girls ; offices. Vol. 1—23 354 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Valuation District of property Union Center, Salem $130,000 Central Avenue 40,000 Rubber Avenue 26,000 Beebe Street 17,500 Oak Street 18,500 Union City, Prospect Street 22,000 Hop Brook 100,000 Millville 2,500 Pond Hill 3,500 Groveside 6,400 Straitsville 500 High School 300,000 The school attendance is approximately 3,500. The Board of Education in 1917 is as follows: Thomas M. Bull, president; Andrew C. Brennan, Howard L. Isbell, William Kennedy, secretary, George M. Rumney, Henry J. Freeman. THE HOWARD WHITTEMORE MEMORIAL LIBRARY The Howard Whittemore Memorial Library, the gift of the late J. H. Whitte- more, in memory of his son Howard, is one of the most distinctive of the public structures of Naugatuck. Naugatuck's first library was established by the Ecclesiastical Society in 1783, and was known as the "Old Salem" Library. Later this was merged into the "Juvenile Library," and later still it became part of the public school library. But the entire project of having a public library finally lapsed. The gift of the late Mr. Whittemore of the new library building coalesced the various smaller libraries of the borough and there are now over 10,000 volumes on its shelves. The trustees are Harris Whittemore, C. B. Tuttle, George L. Hinnan, Nils Olsen and C. T. McCarthy. The librarian is Miss Esther Goodyear. HISTORY OF NAUGATUCK'S CHURCHES The church history of Naugatuck dates from that request made to the Gen- eral Assembly in 1765 by Stephen Hopkins and other members of the first society in Waterbury "for a winter parish." That it was granted and extended is known, but little else is of record save an interesting letter from Nathan Hale, in which he says that his health will not permit him to preach at Judd's Meadows. This was written in 1770. The first society meeting was held on the first Monday in June, 1773. Capt. Gideon Hotchkiss was chosen moderator ; Ashbel Porter, clerk ; for society's committee, Capt. Gideon Hotchkiss, Capt. John Lewis, Stephen Hopkins, Samuel Lewis, Esq., and Capt. Samuel Porter. At the next meeting, in December, Gideon Hickcox, J. Lewis, Jr., and John Hopkins were added to the society's committee, and a school committee consisting of Isaac Judd, Israel Terrill and Ashbel Porter was appointed. In 1774, the first attempt to secure stated ministrations of the gospel was made. In August, Mr. Remily was invited to preach on probation; in October, Mr. Miles was called for settlement; in April, 1776, the Rev. Abraham Camp was HOWARD WHITTEMORE MEMORIAL LIBRARY, NAUGATUCK SALEM SCHOOL, X AIT! ATI < K WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 355 invited on probation; in March, 1777, the Rev. Mr. Barker received the same invitation; in January, 1781, it was decided to give a call to the Rev. Medad Rogers. When the site for the meeting-house came under consideration, there was a wide difference of opinion as to the proper location. The territory now within the Town of Prospect held a considerable proportion of the inhabitants of the society, who naturally wished the meeting-house to be as near to their hills as might be, but they, like their predecessors in other societies, submitted to arbitra- tion The Court's committee set the stake high on the hill eastward of the river, on land of Gideon Hickcox. On this land, without having obtained a title to it, the meeting-house was built by the church and society. This church building remained on the hill forty-nine years. It had a bell in 1794, at which date it was agreed to have the meeting-house bell rung at the cost of the society on each Sunday for all public meetings which are held at the meeting-house, for funerals when desired, and at nine o'clock each night, Satur- day nights excepted. Abraham Fowler was the first settled minister. He was ordained in the meeting-house on the hill, January 12, 1785, and installed over a church of thirty- one members. He was dismissed March 13, 1799, leaving a church that had lost at that date by death, it is believed, but four of its 122 members. During the sixty-three years that the Salem church was one of the churches of Waterbury it had a settled pastor but thirty-nine years. It was organized without a pastor; in 1800 it entertained, apparently without a pastor, the mem- bers of the "Consociation of the Western District of New Haven County," con- sisting of eleven reverend elders and ten delegates ; it passed, without a pastor, through the momentous period of religious excitement caused by the preaching of Nettleton, during which time eighty-two members were received into its fold. Changes in the village caused the removal of the meeting-house to the site now occupied, where it was rebuilt in 1831. In 1854 it was removed to make place for a larger edifice, which was dedicated in 1855. The first parsonage was built in 1845. In 1900 the Congregational Church decided to build the magnificent new building which now stands on the site of its old structure. Among the notable gifts which made this possible was one of $40,000 by the late J. H. Whittemore. The building was dedicated in 1903. Its present pastor is the Rev. Phillip C. Walcott ; clerk, H. A. Dalby ; treasurer, B. N. Wilmot ; society's clerk, F. B. Rol- linson ; society's treasurer, H. A. Dalby. St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Parish was formed Feb. 7, 1786. In 1803, the parish voted to build a church and the site was selected several miles south- west of the Naugatuck village. In 1830 it became evident that the center of population would shift from the hills to the meadows along the Naugatuck, and the meeting-house was moved to a site south of the present Congregational meet- ing-house. On August 15, 1875, it was sold to the Naugatuck School Board and re- moved to make way for the new church edifice. In i860 the first rectory was built. The present officers of the church are: Rector, Rev. Phillip C. Pearson; senior warden, F. F. Schaffer; junior warden, A. H. Dayton; clerk, E. E. Hotchkiss : treasurer, J. W. Rogers. A class of Methodists was organized at Naugatuck about one hundred years ago. Actual meetings were held earlier than that in Union City and Straitsville. On July 30, 185 1, a site for a meeting-house was purchased on Water Street. 356 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY A second church building was occupied in 1868. In 1886, a site for the present Methodist Episcopal Church building was purchased at 204 Meadow Street. Its present officers are: Pastor, Rev. A. M. Davidson; clerk, G. L. Hinnan; treasurer, C. W. Houseknecht. Among the citizens living in the Salem society soon after 1800 were a num- ber of Baptists, who first worshipped in the church in Waterbury. In October, 18 17, sixty persons living in Salem, Prospect and Bethany were set off from the Waterbury society to organize a new church in the localities indicated. Two meeting-houses were built, one on Fulling Mill Brook, and by December 22, 1819, the second was organized in the Straitsville locality. It is the one on Fulling Mill Brook which later became the Naugatuck Baptist Church, with a fine church edifice on Prospect Street, in Union City. The present officers are: Pastor, Rev. John Pounder; clerk, Emily Killer; treasurer, Mrs. Eli Decker. The other Protestant churches of Naugatuck are as follows, with date of organization. Among these is the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Salem Church, whose church building was erected for them in 1891 through the generosity of the late J. H. Whittemore. German Evangelical Lutheran Church, 615 High Street. Dedicated 1903. Pastor, Rev. Arthur Baum ; secretary, Adolph Dillinger ; treasurer, Michael Pope. St. Paul's Lithuanian Ev. Lutheran Church, Curtiss Street. Organized August 31, 1903. Pastor, Rev. Ewald Kories; secretary, Edward Hermonat ; treasurer, Charles Pudem. Swedish Congregational Bethany Church, 174 Fairview Avenue. Organized February 21, 1894. Pastor, Rev. Frank Sahlin; clerk, Carl Anderson; treasurer, Edwin Anderson. Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Salem Church, organized 1887. Pastor, Rev. Carl D. Bostrom ; clerk, Alfred Peterson; treasurer, J. Emil Anderson; super- intendent of Sunday School, John E. Bohlin; sexton, N. P. Lindahl. St. Francis of Assisi Roman Catholic parish was constituted in 1866. Some time about 1850 the first mass of the Catholic Church in Naugatuck was said at the house of Patrick Conran. A mission was soon established and a small frame church was erected in 1859. In the course of nine years, the members of the mission were enough in number to form a separate parish. It was con- stituted in 1866, and Rev. Father Brady became the first resident priest. The George Hine place on Church Street was purchased in 1868, as the site for the future church property in Naugatuck. Ground was broken April 7, 1882, for the present fine church edifice on Church Street. The cornerstone was laid July 23, 1882, and the building was completed in 1890 at a cost of $100,000. The edifice is purely Gothic and of a cruciform shape. The auditorium seats 1,200 people, and, like the large chapel, is finished in oak and walnut. St. Francis Academy was erected immediately after the dedication of the church. This was followed by the building of the rectory. Rev. Thomas Carney, now pastor, built the beautiful convent, which completes a great square of church buildings. He has also been helpful in the establishment of the splendid library now owned by the parish. The assistant rectors are Rev. Edward Leo Morrison and Rev. M. F. Higgins. Saint Hedwig's Polish Roman Catholic Church, at 32 Golden Hill, Union City, was built in 1906. Its rector is Rev. Paul W. Piechocki. THE BOROUGH GOVERNMENT The old Salem Parish was incorporated as a town on the petition of William DeForrest and others, February 16, 1844. The first officers chosen were as fol- ST. FRANCIS SCHOOL, NAUGATUCK CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND PARISH HOUSE, NAUGATUCK WATERBURY AM) THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 357 lows : Clerk, Charles S. Peck ; selectmen, Aronson Glover, Enos Osborne, Bur- ton Sperry; treasurer, Isaac S. Johnson; town agent, Charles Middleton; tything- men, Francis Webster, Orin Hotchkiss, Monroe Serrells, Enos Hopkins, William 11. Tomlinson, J. O. Hotchkiss. The first regular election was held on the green between the Episcopal and Congregational churches in October, 1844, the voters lining up on either side of the ballot box, showing which ticket they were favoring. The Naugatuck Probate District was created in 1863, David Smith serving six years as its first judge. The Town Hall was built in 1882, at a cost of $54,000. The first bridge at Naugatuck was a little more than one hundred rods above the present one. The old Salem Bridge was replaced with an iron structure in 1883, and another iron bridge was built at Union City in 1891. In 1893 tne Borough of Naugatuck was created and George D. Bissell was elected the first warden. The following is a complete • list of wardens of the borough from that date until 1917: George D. Bissell 1893-1894 F. F. Schaffer 1894-1895 E. E. Stevens 1895-1896 E. E. Stevens 1896-1897 John J. Gorman 1897-1898 F. F. Schaffer 1898-1903 John J. Gorman 1903-1904 \Y. T. Rodenbach 1904-1906 Harry Roberts 1906-1907 W. T. Rodenbach 1907-1908 Thomas O'Loughlin 1908- 1909 J. W. Rogers 1909-1910 Win J. Xeary 1910-1912 A Barton Cross, Jr 1912-1914 Howard B. Tuttle 1914-1917 Since 1893 the borough government has made a great change in the physical appearance of Naugatuck. A sewerage system is now established, with over four- teen miles of pipe laid. In the matter of paving, the borough has been thoroughly progressive, its latest addition being the completion of the work on Rubber Avenue. The borough and town government for 1917 is as follows: Warden, Howard B. Tuttle ; burgesses, Lewis C. Warner, Peter Hall, Martin F. O'Brien, Tracy North, Eugene Patterson, John F. Maher ; borough clerk, Frank A. Sears ; bor- ough treasurer, George T. Wigmore ; tax collector, John E. Bohlin ; registrars of voters, George P. Young, Hugh Burns; superintendent of poor, W'illiam G. Hard; superintendent of streets, William H. Moody; borough engineer, George C. Ham; judge of borough court, Frank A. Sears; deputy judge, Joseph J. Hall: prosecuting attorney, Claremont I. Tolles ; clerk of court, Walter E, Brown : auditors, Victor N. Peterson, Edward J. Welch ; selectmen, Charles O. Fellows, Frank Arendholz, Timothy Fitzgerald; town clerk, Joshua W. Rogers; justices of the peace, John E. Bohlin, Hugh W. Burns, Robert W. Dibble, Henry J. Free- man, Thomas F. Glynn. Clayton L. Klein, Martin F. O'Brien, C. Henry Squire, Claremont T. Tolles. TTIE WHITTEMORE I5RIDGE With simple but impressive ceremonies, and in the presence of several thou- sand people gathered together to honor the memory of Naugatuck's greatest 358 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY benefactor and public-spirited citizen, the handsome and imposing structure which will forever be known as the John Howard Whittemore Memorial Bridge, spanning the Naugatuck River on Maple Street, was dedicated May 30, 1914. It was one of the most important and interesting events in the history of the borough and was a most touching and affectionate tribute on the part of a grateful and appreciative public to an esteemed citizen, who did so much for Naugatuck. John Howard Whittemore died at Naugatuck, May 28, 1910. On July 1, 1910, a committee was appointed "for the purpose of designing, establishing and placing a suitable memorial in the Borough of Naugatuck, to perpetuate his name and memory." On July 1, 1910, a mass meeting of the people was held and at the meeting the following vote was passed : "That a committee of eleven be appointed to make all arrangements for and to do whatever is necessary in collecting a fund, designating, establishing and placing a suitable memorial in the Borough of Naugatuck to perpetuate forever the name and memory of John Howard Whittemore." In accordance with that vote the following committee was appointed : How- ard B. Tuttle, Miss Josephine A. Maher, William Kennedy, William T. Roden- bach, Harry I. Crampton, Samuel E. Hopkins, Mrs. George A. Lewis, Eremont W. Tolles, Carl W. Thompson, F. F. Schaffer, Charles T. McCarthy. Later the following were added: William J. Neary, A. B. Cross, Jr., George C. Ham. The memorial tablet was unveiled by Gertrude Whittemore, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harris Whittemore, a granddaughter of the man to whose memory the bridge was erected. Mrs. Bronson B. Tuttle, widow of Bronson B. Tuttle who in life had been for many years a business associate of Mr. Whittemore, made the suggestion that as Mr. Whittemore's gifts were always of a practical character, the memorial should be one which, while adding to the beauty of the borough's environment, should also be of the greatest use to the community, and as the old iron bridge over the Naugatuck River on Maple Street, between Water and Main streets, was becoming unsafe and would have to be replaced within a short time, she suggested that a beautiful bridge at this point would fill all the artistic and practical requirements of a suitable memorial. The idea met with approval and a sub-committee was appointed to take charge of the construction, consisting of Samuel E. Hopkins, Howard B. Tuttle, and William J. Neary. The architect was Henry Bacon, of New York City, one of the country's foremost bridge designers. The general contract for building was given to the Tidewater Building Company of New York City, a company with whose operations Mr. Whittemore had in life been long identified. The sub-contractors were Charles F. Parsons Co., of New York City, and Thomas F. Jackson, of Waterbury, and the superintendent in charge of construction was Claude Wilson. Work was begun on June 19, 1912, the first abutment being started July 1, 1912, and the first stone laid August i, 1912. The north side of the bridge, it being built in sections, was opened on December 13, 1912. The old iron bridge was removed February 5, 1913, and the piers and abutments were completed May 5, 1913. The south side was completed about September 1, 19 13, and opened about September 10th of the same year. THE WHITTEMORE GIFTS On May 28, 19 10, John Howard Whittemore, Naugatuck's foremost citizen and principal benefactor, succumbed to death. Flags were hung at half mast on WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 359 many buildings and on many private residences, as a token of appreciation of a noble citizen and as an expression of regret at bis unexpected deatb. Tbe serv- ices followed two days later, tbe most impressive ever held in the borough's history. Naugatuck, as it appears today, is largely a monument to his memory. It was through bis efforts that the present passenger station was secured for the borough, Mr. YYhittemore using his influence as a director of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad to obtain the station and allied improvements. Other reasons for bis being remembered in Naugatuck arc the Howard Whitte- more Memorial Library, the Public Park and Soldiers' Monument, the Nauga- tuck Golf Clubhouse, the Public Playground on Meadow Street, the Salem School, and the Naugatuck High School, which were all either provided by Mr. Whitte- more or obtained through his efforts. Numerous Naugatuck enterprises owed to Mr. Whittemore their success, his knowledge of affairs making his advice invaluable. In public affairs he was a valuable aid to the progress of the borough. Mr. Whittemore was born in Southbury October 3, 1837. He attended tbe public schools there until he was ten years old, when he became a pupil of the Collegiate and Commercial Institute of Gen. William H. Russell, in New Haven. He had intended to enter Yale, but circumstances prevented him from taking the intended course. Mr. Whittemore's career was entirely commercial until the time he came to Naugatuck and entered the employ of E. C. Tuttle & Co., manufacturers of farm tools, remaining with them until they were burned out in July, 1858. A few months later he formed a partnership under the name of Tuttle & Whittemore to produce malleable iron. The firm continued until 1870, when it was organized as a joint stock corporation under the name of Tuttle & Whittemore Co., and ten years later as the Naugatuck Malleable Iron Company. Other malleable iron companies were organized in various parts of the United States, all remaining under the control of the Naugatuck concern. He was a director of the Colonial Trust Company of Waterbury, and was at one time president of the institution. He was a director of the Waterbury Hos- pital ; of Landers, Frary & Clark, of New Britain ; of North & Judd, New Britain, and was one of the incorporators of the Naugatuck Savings Bank. In private life Mr. Whittemore was unostentatious. While he entertained freely, his entertainments were simple. Many of his private gifts will remain unknown save to the recipients, for Mr. Whittemore seldom gave publicity to bis myriad bequests. Publicly and privately he was always giving. Thus he had graded and kept in repair the seven miles of macadam roadway leading to his country home at Middlebury. He built the granite retaining wall along Hillside Cemetery. He it was who had 7,500 beautiful shrubs planted along both banks of the Nauga- tuck from the freight house to the station. He used his vast fortune very largely for the benefit of his home town and did not confine bis gifts to Nauga- tuck. He built, at a cost of $250,000, the beautiful Buckingham Music Hall Block, in Waterbury, and later gave it to the Waterbury Llospital as an endow- ment. naugatuck's banks Naugatuck has two excellent banks. The Naugatuck National Bank, founded in 1883, has a capital stock of $too,ooo. with surplus and profits $215,000. Its deposits, early in 1917, were $800,000. 360 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Its present officers and directors are : Fremont W. Tolles, president ; Arthur H. Dayton, cashier; Howard B. Tuttle, vice president; George M. Rumney, assistant cashier; George T. Wigmore, assistant cashier; directors, A. H. Day- ton, S. E. Hopkins, Fremont W. Tolles, Howard B. Tuttle, Dwight P. Mills, Tracy S. Lewis. The Naugatuck Savings Bank was founded in 1870 by the following incor- porators : A. J. Pickett, Hiel S. Stevens, John A. Peck, John H. Whittemore, George A. Lewis, Homer Twitchell, John L. Isbell, B. M. Hotchkiss, Francis Spencer, David Smith, Samuel Hopkins, Bronson B. Tuttle, Calvin A. Hotch- kiss, Lucian D. Warner, Luther S. Piatt. In its report, October 1, 1916, its deposits were shown to be $2,994,380. It has on its books the names of 7,970 depositors, a gain in 1916 of 692. Its loans on real estate, mostly in Naugatuck and vicinity, total $1,395,094. Its present officers are as follows : L. S. Beardsley, president ; W. T. Roden- bach, E. E. Hotchkiss, vice presidents ; Arthur H. Dayton, secretary ; H. A. Dalby, treasurer; trustees, D. P. Mills, T. M. Bull, L. C. Warner, F. W. Tolles, Harris Whittemore. THE PUBLIC UTILITIES The Naugatuck Water Company was organized May 19, 1887. Its first offi- cers were : Homer Twitchell, president ; Seabury S. Scott, secretary and treas- urer; Thomas Conran, Adna D. Warner, Dr. F. B. Tuttle and B. B. Tuttle. directors. Mr. Twitchell served as president until 1890 and was succeeded by Dr. F. B. Tuttle. Other presidents in succession have been Willard Hopkins, A. D. Warner, William Ward and D. P. Mills, the last named holding the position at the present time. In 1890, Mr. Scott resigned as secretary and treasurer, and in May, of that year, E. C. Barnum was called to the position and has continued to the present time. The water was turned into the mains in the fall of 1889. It is obtained from six different reservoirs : Mulberry Hill, with a capacity of 10,000,000 gallons ; Candee Reservoir, with a capacity of 5,000,000 gallons; Prospect Storage, with a capacity of 110,000,000 gallons; Long Hill Brook Reservoir, with a capacity of 1,500,000 gallons; the Straitsville Distributing Reservoir, with a capacity of 7,000,000 gallons ; Long Hill Brook Storage Reservoir, with a capacity of 500.- 000,000 gallons. There is a total storage capacity of 630,000,000 gallons of pure drinking water, which is analyzed every month in the year. The plant develops pressure of from no to 150 pounds, has 41 miles of 4-inch pipe or less, has 145 double and 2 single hydrants in use in Naugatuck by the borough and 58 double and 3 single hydrants used by private companies. The secretary issues an annual report to the directors and stockholders which shows the company in excellent condition. The Naugatuck Telephone Company was organized in 1879 and in 1917 had over two thousand telephones in use. The Naugatuck Electric Light Co. was chartered April 16, 1887. Its first directors were L. D. Warner, A. H. Dayton, O. M. Young, B. B. Tuttle, E. H. Warrington, F. W. Tolles. On June 1, 1887, the first arc light was successfully illuminated in Naugatuck. The system is today operated by the United Electric Light & Water Company. In 1862 The Naugatuck Gas Company was established, but this existed only WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 361 a few years, although service had been extended to the principal streets of the town. Gas is now supplied from Waterbury. Till-: KIRK AND POLICE DEPARTMENTS Naugatuck's Fire Department history begins in 1882, when George M. Aller- ton, then president of The Glove Company, organized a volunteer company. The organization was completed on February 6, 1893, as a company to protect the Goodyear India Rubber Glove Company's property and adjacent territory. At the meeting at this time Robert M. Morse was elected as engineer chief. Isaac A. Moorse was elected as first assistant engineer, and Edward H. Jones second assistant engineer, and other officers elected were as follows : William H. Vreedenburgh, foreman ; J. L. Chevalier, first assistant foreman ; Andrew Wylie, second assistant foreman; I. A. Moorse, secretary; and John Trestrail, treasurer. The twenty-three men in the original company were employes of the glove concern and the red shirt that formed a part of their uniform carried the com- pany's trade mark across the breast. The organization was known as "Glove Co. Hose No. 1," and their apparatus consisted of a jumper and about fifty feet of hose. The town authorities established the Naugatuck Fire Department after the glove concern turned the apparatus over to the town in 1890. At that time it numbered thirty-five men. The company then became known as the Naugatuck Hose No. 1, and the force was increased to sixty-five men. .The first building for the department was on Water Street, which was formally occupied March 15, 1892. On September 4, 1899, the brick hose house in Union City was opened by the department with a parade in which twenty-two visiting companies with about one thousand men were in line. A huge tent was pitched on the green and dinner was served amid a general frolic. Today the department numbers about one hundred men and is equipped with the most modern automobile apparatus. Two fire houses, one on Maple Street, and the other in Union City, furnish quarters for the department's men and apparatus, with the entire department under the direction of Chief Engineer George Hoadley. The police department had its inception when the act of the General Assembly established the Borough of Naugatuck in 1892. At this time the borough charter limited the size of the police force to twenty-five men, the same number which is today policing the borough. The act gives the warden and burgesses the power to appoint men up to this limit and no more. Should the borough find more police necessary, it would be necessary to have a special amendment to the borough charter passed by the Legislature. The department is under the supervision of Chief J. B. Schmidt, and the force is divided among regular policemen and those assigned to special work. naugatuck's new postofkice It took the United States a long time to recognize Naugatuck as the name of the postoffice of the borough.* When it was first established, it was given the name Salem Bridge, which endured until August 2T, 1834, when it was officially * Doctor Anderson's history, previously quoted, under the heading of "History from Colonial Period," conveys the impression that the first official use of Naugatuck as the name of the settlement, was in the act of 1844 incorporating the borough. 362 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY changed to Naugatuck, although the latter name had been commonly used since 1800. In 191 5 work began on Naugatuck's new postoffice on Church Street, and this was occupied in 1916. The building has a frontage on Church Street of 76 feet 8 inches, the depth on Cedar Street being 83 feet 8 inches. It is one story in height, fireproof throughout, and faced with light colored stone to the first floor line. Above the first floor light buff, rough texture brick with terra cotta trim is used. The roof is tile. The concrete driveway for mail wagons enters the ground from Cedar Street at the rear of the building, where is also an entrance for employes and a base- ment entrance to the building. The entrance to the public lobby on the first floor is on Church Street. The basement contains a boiler room, fuel and storage rooms, and a civil service room. On the first floor is the public lobby, the postoffice work room, the money order and registry room and the postmaster's office, and two large vaults. The public lobby is 12 by 48 feet with a 16- foot ceiling. The floor is marble tile, and the walls are finished with a marble base. SOME NAUGATUCK HOMES While Naugatuck is essentially an industrial borough, it is also a town of beautiful homes. Five of the principal streets are the vantage points of structures that rival many residences in the larger cities. Along North Church Street, Millville, Rockwell, Fairview and Terrace ave- nues, are homes that represent the best in the field of house design. Among the most notable of these residences is the home of Mrs. J. H. Whitte- more on North Church Street. It is modern in design, surrounded by a large lawn that sets off the beauty of the residential picture. Other beautiful residences are those of F. F. Schaffer, John E. McDonough, William J. Neary, Howard B. Tuttle, Lewis C. Warner, Mrs. B. B. Tuttle, and Mrs. A. C. Tuttle. THE GENERAL WASHINGTON HOUSE Naugatuck possesses a house in which Washington and his staff were once entertained. It is situated in a picturesque spot on Woodbine Street, and is in a remarkably good state of preservation. iln the days of the Revolution, it was used as a tavern and there is indisputable evidence of the fact that Washington spent a night there while traveling between New York and Boston. Some years ago a bronze tablet was attached to the house by Melicent Porter Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, of Waterbury. On the tablet is inscribed the following: "Porter House. General Washington with a retinue of officers and men was entertained in this house one night during the War of the American Revolution by Capt. Thomas Porter and his wife, Mehitable. Erected by Melicent Porter Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, Waterbury, Conn., December, 1901." THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION AND SIMILAR INSTITUTIONS The Naugatuck Young Men's Christian Association was founded in 1895. It is today planning the erection of one of the most beautiful Young Men's Christian Association buildings in the state. In a campaign early in 191 7 it obtained pledges for $285,000 and this is now being paid into its treasury. NAUGATUCK STATION, OF THE NEW HAVEN SYSTEM o p H WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 365 Tavern. This church was begun in 1818 and was built in more modern church style than the original structure, the spire, however, not being added until 1829. The growth of the village in succeeding years was in such direction as to make the location of this second church seem altogether too much to one side of the center of population, and in 1846 a third church was begun, the church now standing. This church was dedicated April 20, 1847, and has been in use seventy years. In 1890 the church was enlarged by an addition on the south end, with interior changes at a cost of about five thousand dollars and a new pipe organ at a cost of $2,500. The church has an excellent parish library of several hundred volumes, which was donated by Hon. James Swan in 1883, for the use of adults, and to which large additions have since been made, beside the Sunday School library of several hundred volumes. Rev. Dr. Geo. F. Abel is now pastor. Rev. Jesse Lee, the New England apostle of Methodism, first came to Derby in 1 791 and from a Methodist society formed there came those who constituted the first Methodist organization in what is now Seymour. This, according to evidence recorded by one of the early veterans, was February 7, 1797, with Daniel Rowe as leader. The original members were Jesse Johnson, Isaac John- son, Esther Baldwin, Sarah Baldwin and Eunice Baldwin ; George Clark, Lucy Hitchcock, Silas Johnson and Olive Johnson were soon added to the number. At first the meetings were held in private houses and in schoolhouses, and in the assembly rooms of the Dayton, Whittemore and Moulthrop taverns, and it is recorded that as early as 1803 they were allowed to hold meetings in the old Congregational meetinghouse. In 1817 the Methodists purchased this church and raised it a story, increasing the seating capacity by putting in side galleries. The old meeting-house was sold for $100 and was torn down, and the corner- stone of a new church was laid June 19, 1847. The church was Gothic in de- sign, 40 by 60 feet, with a basement mostly above ground, containing a com- modious lecture room and two classrooms, and had an excellent toned bell. The present edifice was built in 1891, at a cost exceeding eighteen thousand dollars, including the refitting of the older structure, which is used for a lecture room and for the Sunday School. The subscription for the new church was headed by L. T. Wooster with $1,000, and all gave liberally, then and since, so that the society is now clear of debt and in possession of one of the handsomest churches in the valley. The new church was dedicated June 19, 1891. The beautiful pipe organ, which was put in at a cost of $1,500, was also the gift of L. T. Wooster. The present pastor is Rev. G. W. Simonson. On the 1 2th of February, 1797, thirty-nine persons living within the bounds of the proposed new parish, were notified to meet on the 20th of that month at the house of Dr. Samuel Sanford for the purpose of forming a Protestant Episcopal society. At the time named, all were present and Benjamin Davis was elected moderator, Samuel Sanford clerk, and Joel Chatfield, Israel French and Jonathan Miles, society's committee. The land upon which the church now stands was purchased of Leverett Pritchard March 23, 1797, for $60. The first rector of the church was Doctor Mansfield, whose parish consisted of the present towns of Derby, Orange. Woodbridge, Seymour, Oxford. South- bury, Naugatuck and Waterbury. He was rector of St. James' Church, Derby, seventy-two years without a break— a solitary instance, it is believed, in the 366 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Episcopal Church of this country. He lived to the ripe old age of ninety-six, and died in 1820. The Sunday School dates from 1827, and in the same year a bell was obtained for the church. The name of the parish and church was changed from Union to Trinity at Easter, 1856, and in the following year the church was repaired and improved at a cost of about six thousand dollars. The seating capacity of the church was doubled and the interior was re-furnished. The remodeled and reno- vated building was dedicated by Bishop Williams, May n, 1858. At present the rector is Rev. W. A. Woodford, appointed in 1900. Roman Catholic services were first held in Seymour in 1844, in the "Old Long House" on the site of the fire engine house, by Rev. Father Smith of New Haven. There were then only six men of the Roman Catholic faith in the village, then known as Humphreysville. They were Nicholas and Daniel Brockway, Nicholas Cass, Patrick and Thomas Gaffney, and James Ouinlan. The "Long House," in which mass was celebrated in 1844, was on the east side of what is now Raymond Street. It was a two story building, intended for six families, and was torn down some fifty-five years ago, and the fire engine house now stands where the south end of the "Long House" was. The first resident pastor, Rev. John McMahon, was stationed there in October, 1885, and remained until May 1, 1886, when Rev. R. C. Gragan was appointed pastor. Ground was broken for a new church May 4, 1888, and the cornerstone was laid by Right Reverend Bishop McMahon, July 15, 1888. The church was occu- pied for the first time December 25, 1889, and was dedicated May 18, 1890. The Church of St. Augustine is a handsome building, of wood, facing on Washington Avenue, and overlooking the central part of the town. Its dimen- sions are 53 by 101 feet, with a spire 118 feet in height, and dials on the four sides, ready for a clock. A fine bell has been put in. The interior of the church is finished in cherry and oak, and the frescoing is in light shades, giving a very pleasing effect. The windows are of stained glass. The seating capacity of the church is 600. The cost of the edifice was $13,000. The three handsome altars finished in gold and white, were all donated, the large central altar by Rev. R. C. Gragan, then the pastor of the church ; the altar of the Blessed Virgin by the Scapular Society and the Society of the Children of Mary ; and the altar of St. Joseph by Mrs. Ellen Fitzgibbons. Starting with six Catholics in 1844, St. Augustine's Parish has today about seven hundred mem- bers, 600 in Seymour proper, and the remainder in Beacon Falls and Oxford. Father C. A. Leddy is now in charge of the parish. The German Lutheran Church was organized in 1893 under the direction of Rev. Jacobus Wittke. A site was selected on West Street, near Church Street, and the building was erected in 1894 and was dedicated on Thanksgiving Day. Rev. Jacobus Wittke resigned in 1894 and was succeeded by Rev. R. Lucas, who remained until 1897. Rev. Max Mueller was the pastor in 1897-8, and the Rev. Paul E. T. Lempke followed. The present pastor is Rev. H. A. Hunziger. The Great Hill Methodist Episcopal Church is one of the oldest Methodist societies in Connecticut, and at one time ranked highest in strength and numbers in the Derby Circuit, which then included the towns of the Naugatuck Valley as far as Waterbury. The present church edifice was built by subscription in 1853-4. Almost the only preaching on the hill for the forty years preceding had been by the Meth- odists, to whom the old Congregational Church had been given up. The church was dedicated on Wednesday, October 25, 1854. A ST. AUGUSTINE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, SEYMOUR WATERBURV AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 367 A legacy of $5,000 was left to the church by Mrs. Cynthia Treat Merrill, of New Haven, who died in 1887, the money to be paid over to the society at the end of ten years from her death. She also left $2,000 to the society on condition that an evening school be maintained several months every year, and $2,000 more for literary purposes. These funds are now available and the school is successfully conducted. THE SCHOOLS In 1 85 1 the Humphreysville High School Association was incorporated, and the shares were to be $25 each, and the management was invested in a board of five trustees, and the teachers were Professor Gay and Frederick Durand. In accordance with the new state law, in October, 1864, the town authorized a new Union High School to be established by the following committee, who were also to superintend the same, independent of the school society : Burton W. Smith, Harvey Hotchkiss, and George W. Divine. The old Glendenning Building on Broad Street was leased for the old school, and the first teacher was Miss Hermance. Besides the high school, there were two intermediate grades. The consolidated district was established by the town in October, 1868, in- cluding all the schools in the town and the following school committee was elected : Eli Gillett, C. W. Storrs, J. W. Bassett, Joshua Kendall, C. W. James, Harpin Riggs, Joel R. Chatfield, Peter Worth and Henry Davis. The work for the new high school house began in June, 1884. The architect was L. W. Robinson of New Haven. The building is of brick, with white stone trimmings, and a handsome tower adds grace and beauty ; the building is 65 by 72 feet, and has nine commodious rooms with ample dressing rooms and seating accommodations, including the annex recently added. The Second Street School grew out of a select school which was held in 1847, m a building a little south of the pin shop, on the bank of the river and on the old road extending from the Bristol Street Bridge to a point a little west of the engine house. This building was taken for the district school, and was moved to a lot west of the engine house. At the time of the building of the car shops, the schoolhouse suffered two other movings, until it finally reached its present location at the upper end of Second Street. As early as 1769, Joseph Johnson deeded a piece of land on the east side of Pearl Street near the Smith Tyrrell place, or nearly opposite Grand Street, for a schoolhouse. This building was occupied for forty years, and was known as the Sixth District. About 1 8 14- 1 6 a school building was erected on the site of the present Bell Schoolhouse, a building of two stories, also having a tower and bell. The district was divided in 1837, the north part being called the Seventh District, which is known in recent years as Cedar Ridge. Between 1840-43 the town made arrangements to cut down the Bell Schoolhouse to one story, making a neat, attractive building, located on the rocks on High Street, near Pearl. Cedar Ridge School became a district in 1837, then the Seventh District. In 1868 the town built a new schoolhouse, which in the last two decades was first enlarged and later completely rebuilt. There was a district formed on the west side of the river as early as Decem- ber 27, 1779, called the Shrub Oak District. This school is referred to in the Old Landmarks. The schoolhouse was located on West Street, by the path leading to Swan's upper shops, where Mrs. Ann Stephens spent the first of her 368 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY school days. Later the building was moved to the lot in the fork of the roads opposite Trinity Cemetery ; and still later, a new building was erected on Cedar Street, on the rocks west of the Congregational Church. This district included a portion of Great Hill region at first, but in the course of time there was a demand for a school on the crown of the hill on Bungay Road, which was called the Bungay School, the center of a new district. Great Hill School was the eighth district of the Town of Derby and the first district of the Town of Seymour. A new house was erected in 1832, and the present schoolhouse was built on a new location, and was finished at the beginning of the year 1878. The school on Great Hill has been one of the prosperous schools of the town. It has recently been enlarged and its accommodations nearly doubled. The Maple Street School, a model, two-story, eight-room, brick building, was opened in 1915. The superintendent of schools in 191 7 is Ridgely C. Clark. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY The Seymour Free Public Library was established in 1892. Since its organ- ization, it has become one of Seymour's popular institutions, for a long time occupying the second floor of the Town building on Second Street. The new building, a beautiful, modern library building, was completed in 191 5. The gift of $30,000 by Henry P. and Edmund Day for the building and books, and of $55,000 by Charles P. Wooster, formerly of Seymour, now of New Haven, for maintenance, created not alone a building and equipment, but an endowment fund as well. There are over 7,000 volumes in the library. The librarian is Miss Roetta Danbury. The officers are : William L. Ward, president ; Mrs. E. A. Klatte, secretary ; W. C. Sharpe, treasurer. Seymour's bank The Valley National Bank was granted its charter July 16, 1900, and the bank was opened for the transaction of business August 14, 1900. The bank is located on the corner of Main and Bank streets, in the building erected for bank- ing purposes nearly a half century ago. In June, 1901, it was incorporated for $70,000 as the Seymour Trust Company. Its officers are : President, George E. Matthies ; secretary and treasurer, Clayton S. Boies. In November, 1917, it had on deposit $716,882.00 in savings. Its surplus and undivided profits on November 20, 1917, were $50,695.75. ITS MANUFACTURING INTERESTS In 1785 John Wooster and Bradford Steele leased for 999 years for fifteen pounds, "a certain spot or privilege at a place called Rimmon Falls upon the east side of the Naugatuck River" for the purpose of building a blacksmith shop, and erecting a hammer to go by water. They manufactured scythes and did other blacksmith work, setting up a grindstone and other machinery necessary for conducting the business. The deed states that the land had a front of fifty feet on the flume and was next to the river. Gen. David Humphreys, who was to be so closely identified with the interests of the place, came and purchased the Falls property December 13, 1803. General Humphreys had, while minister to Spain in 1802, imported 100 merino sheep and he chose this place for the headquarters of the sheep-raising business, CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND SWAN MEMORIAL, SEYMOUR TRINITY PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SEYMOUR WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 369 as well as for the manufacture of woolen cloth. The great superiority of the wool of the merino sheep being immediately manifest, farmers were everywhere glad to avail themselves of the opportunity to improve their stock. General Hum- phreys did not encourage speculation but distributed his sheep judiciously among the farmers at $100 each, a price said to be less than the original cost. When the price rose to $400 he refused to sell, saying that he believed such sales would lead to ruinous speculation. But soon the price of merino bucks went up to $1,500 and a few were even sold as high as $3,000, and ewes sold from $1,000 to $1,500. John Bassett was offered $1,000 by Philo Bassett for a full-blooded merino ewe lamb eight days old and refused to take less than $1,500. A few days after it was killed by a fox. Two young farmers united in buying a buck at $1,500 and the same day it died by being choked with an apple. But such mishaps checked the speculation but little, and it rapidly extended throughout New England, Vermont people in particular being quickly supplied with some of the merinos. General Humphreys considered it of great importance to the interests of the country that manufactures, especially that of woolen cloths, should be introduced, and went to England, investigated the manufacture of woolen cloths there and made the acquaintance of John Winterbotham, who was thoroughly informed in every branch of the business. General Humphreys persuaded Mr. Winterbotham to sell his business there and come to this country to establish the business here. General Humphreys associated with him in business, also Capt. Thomas Vose of Derby, the business being conducted under the name of T. Vose & Company. The name "Chusetown," after the Indian Chief Chuse, appears on the Derby records as late as 1804, but was changed by the legislature in that year to Hum- phreysville in honor of General Humphreys and this name was retained until 1850. In 1 810 the company was re-organized and the name was changed from T. Vose & Company to the Humphreysville Manufacturing Company. Furniture making was also one of the early industries in Seymour. One man, the ancestor of some of the present people of Seymour, built a dam and a little mill, fitted up with a saw and lathe, and some other labor saving machinery, made bureaus and bedsteads, tables, chairs, cradles and coffins, for his neigh- bors, and then, to fill in the spare time, made up stock for great numbers of chairs and sent them "knockdown" to New York. They were drawn by an ox team to Derby and taken thence by a sailing vessel to New York. A young man who had been an assistant in the "cabinetmaker's" little shop went to New York with the cargo, put the chairs together and sold them, and remained there as agent for this cabinetmaker and others, and became wealthy. This was George Tomlinson, who died in Seymour only a few years ago. For over a century Seymour has been noted for the manufacture of augers and bits. Walter French came there from Mansfield, Conn., about 18 10, and commenced the manufacture of screw augers by hand. He built a shop near Little River, about half a mile from its mouth, on land now owned by the James Swan Company. The first double twist screw augers ever offered for sale in New York City were made in Seymour by Walter French. The James Swan Company is the leading representative of one of the oldest manufacturing industries in the town, the manufacture of mechanics tools. The Douglass Manufacturing Company's auger and bit works at the mouth of Little River were established in 1856. there were then two factories, one in Seymour for the manufacture of augers, auger bits. etc.. the other at Arlington. Vt., for the manufacture of edge tools. The works were purchased in i860 by Mr. F. L. Ames, of the firm of Oliver Vol. 1—2 1 370 W'ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Ames & Sons, who also purchased the exclusive right to manufacture Cook's patent boring implements. Mr. Ames found the factory in Seymour insufficient for the purpose and built a second large factory above the old one, on the same stream. The property was controlled by Mr. Ames until 1873, when it was sold to Thomas Douglass and Richard P. Brufr. Under their management still further enlargement was made, a third factory further up the stream being hired from Mr. James Swan who had been identified with the business as superin- tendent and manager since June, 1865. In 1874 the property passed into the hands of Mr. James Flint and the Russell & Erwin Manufacturing Company of New York, and was incorporated in that year. In 1876, the auger and bit business was concentrated in the upper shops, and the edge tool work at Arlington was brought to Seymour and carried on in the middle shops. The works were purchased by Mr. Swan in 1877, and The James Swan Company has since had the entire control. The president of the company in 191 7 is William B. Swan, succeeding to the place after the death of James Swan. The secretary is John Swan. Its capital is $125,000. The Humphrey sville Manufacturing Company had an unbroken existence from 1806 until 1 9 1 5 . The principal line of manufacture by the company for more than half a century was augers and bits, and the business was carried on in the buildings erected for that purpose in 1845, although other buildings were later added. The company was finally re-incorporated in 1910, but ran only a few years. The east half of the old factory has recently been used as an armory, the west half being used by the New Haven Copper Company. The Fowler Nail Company was organized and incorporated in 1866, with a capital of $60,000, for the manufacture of Vulcan horseshoe nails, the ma- chinery and process being the invention of Thaddeus Fowler, from whom the company was named. These nails, which were the first satisfactory machine- pointed horseshoe nails, have won a reputation for reliability under tf>k most difficult tests, which has made a demand for them throughout the United States and in foreign countries. The business was first begun in the Humphreys mill, but soon increased to such an extent that a larger building was r -^ssary and the property now occupied was purchased. The main building h;.J been erected for the manufacture of wire, but had not been occupied for that purpose. Addi- tional buildings have been erected, and for fifty years the company has given employment to a large number of people. Large additions were built in 1905 and T906. The officers of the company in 1902 were Carlos French, president and treasurer; Louis II. Bristol, secretary, and Raymond T. French, assistant treasurer. Raymond T. French succeeded to the presidency on the death of Carlos French. Its officers in 1917 are: President E. G. Stoddard of New Haven ; secretary, John W. Bristol of New Hampshire. Its capital is now $190 .poo. The Tingue Manufacturing Company was organized in 1880 by John H. Tingue, who purchased the brick mill and other buildings at the Falls. The company in T902 had a capital of $200,000, now increased to $300000. It began with John II. Tingue as president and treasurer, and Charles Coupland as general manager. On the death of the former W. J. Tingue succeeded to the presidency of the corporation. The principal product of the mill for many years was mohair plush, which was manufactured by machinery and processes made possible by the ingenuity of the late Charles Coupland, who in 1880 invented a new and very speedy way of weaving mohair pile goods by a process which THE NEW HAVEN COPPER COMPANY, SEYMOUR SEYMOUR TRUST COMPANY, SEYMOUR WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 371 was a radical departure from all previous methods. Until the business was established in Seymour, this line of goods was manufactured only in Europe. The mohair consists of the fleece of the Angora goat, whose home is in Asia Minor. It has since been imported and bred in this country. The company now manufactures plush, brocatelle and yarn. The officers of the company in 1900 were Wm. G. Tingue, Greenwich, pres- ident; David Torrance, Derby, secretary: Howard Tingue, Greenwich, vice president. Today the officers are: President, Howard Tingue, New York; treasurer, Win. G. Tingue, Jr., Xew York. The 11. A. Matthews Manufacturing Company, capital $85,000, was organ- ized in 1890 for the manufacture of stove trimmings and other hardware, and in 1895 added the making of bicycle parts. Their works at the mouth of Little River have been enlarged, and greatly improved, and now include the main building 36 by 125, an annex 24 by 89, an office and stock room, and a boiler house, and two buildings 60 by 120 and 60 by 60 erected in 1910. The machinery is of the most improved pattern and includes mammoth presses. The works turn out numerous specialties in brass, steel and composition metal. Since 1914, the works have been occupied largely with munition orders. The officers of the company in 1902 were James Swan, president ; Carlos French, vice president ; Geo. E. Matthies, secretary, and F. H. Beecher, treasurer and manager. The present officials are : President and treasurer, George E. Matthies ; vice president, W. H. H. Wooster; secretary and assistant treasurer, A. L. Clark. Its capital is now $90,000. The New Haven Copper Company, manufacturers of braziers and sheathing copper, was organized in 1848 and the large stone building now in use was then erected on land which a century before was every spring planted with corn by Mauwehu, better known as Joe Chuse, the old Indian chief after whom the town was first named. For many years before the building of the mill, Bennett Wooster's blacksmith shop stood where the flume now is. When the wheelpit was dug, large springs were struck which so flooded the pit that it was with difficulty that the water could be lowered sufficiently to permit laying the foun- dations for the walls. In i860 this became the property of W. W. Goddard of Boston, who, knowing that in order to make the business a success he must have a man to direct it who was master of the work in all its branches, employed for this responsible position Mr. Thomas James, who had learned the trade in Wales, where his ancestors for several generations had been engaged in the manufacture of copper. In 1864, Mr. Goddard, who had other large interests which required his atten- tion, sold the business here to Hendricks & Lissberger ; and it was conducted by them until March 13, 1872, when it was reorganized with the following stock- holders: Samuel Holmes? Thomas James, Franklin Farrell and Lazarus Liss- berger. Mr. Lissberger was elected president ; Samuel Holmes, secretary and treasurer, and Thomas James superintendent and manager. From the com- mencement of Mr. James' management until his death it was a success in every way, giving employment to a large number of men who held him in high respect and esteem. The process adopted by the company for the finishing of their polished copper was the invention of Thomas James, patented September 12, 1876. By means of it, the gloss on the polished copper remains permanent, whereas, by the old 372 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY method of polishing, it was liable to become tarnished in a short time. It has proved highly satisfactory and has gained for this product of the company an enviable reputation. The buildings of the- company are extensive. The dimensions of the principal ones are as follows: .Main rolling mill, ioo by 20 feet, containing ten sets of rollers. The power used in this building is supplied by a steam engine and boilers of 250 horse power and four turbine water wheels aggregating 250 horse power, making altogether 500 horse power for the rolling mill. The stamping" shop covers an area of 50 by 70 feet ; the polished copper depart- ment, 50 by 90 feet. The capital stock is $200,000. The officers in 1900 were Thomas L. James, president; Lewis A. Camp, secretary; Frederick A. Rugg, treasurer; George A. James, superintendent. They now are Thomas L. James, president ; Henry J. Richards, secretary and treasurer, and G. Walter James, superintendent. W. R. Brixey, of the Kerite Insulated Wire and Cable Works and manu- facturer of Kerite insulated wire and cables, was connected with the works for more than two decades and in 1892 became sole owner. The works were first established by Austin G. Day, who in 1854 purchased the property and fitted up machinery for the manufacture of hard rubber goods and insulated electric' wires. Mr. Day was the inventor of many improvements in the manufacture of rubber and in making submarine telegraph cable took the lead of all competitors. W. R. Brixey largely increased the plant and added to the facilities for the speedy execution of large orders. At the World's Fair, his exhibit, which was located near the head of the main stairway of the Electrical Building, was one of the finest, and after the most thorough tests and trials, and upon thorough examination, the only medals and awards given to high grade insulated wires and cables were awarded to W. R. Brixev for excellence of material and con- struction, high insulation, and reliability and durability demonstrated by pro- longed service under exacting conditions. Mr. Brixey was the manufacturer of submarine, aerial, and underground electric cables for the Western Union Telegraph Company, Postal Telegraph Company, New YoTk Telephone Company, and other large corporations, and for the United States Government, furnishing a number of cables for the Philippines and for Alaska. He constructed and placed in position for the New York Central Railroad for their block signal system the longest aerial cable ever made in this country, extending from Albany to Buffalo, a distance of three hundred miles. He also furnished the underground cable for the Havana Street Railway Company, this contract alone amounting to $200,000. Ten years ago, on the death of W. R. Brixey, his sons succeeded to the business. In 1910 large additions were made to the plant, and in 1913 and 1914 the following: 65 by 150, four stories in height, and 60 by Jo, one story. Its capital today is $200,000 and its officers are : President and treasurer, Richard P. Brixey ; secretary. Austin D. Brixey. The Seymour Manufacturing Company was organized in 1878 and incor- porated in 1880. The capital is now $500,000. The officers in 1902 were: President, Charles H. Pine; secretary and treasurer, W. H. H. Wooster; super- intendent, L. T. Wooster; assistant .treasurer, G. E. Matthies. In 1917 they are: President, W.H. H. Wooster; secretary and treasurer, George E. Matthies; assistant secretary, O. F. G. Baeker; assistant treasurer, A. L. Clark. The company manufactures sheet brass, wires, rods and tubing for various uses, and copper wire for telephone and telegraph purposes, electric roads, etc. UK RIMMON EYELET COMPANY, SEYMOUE SEYMOUR MANUFACTURING COMPANY, SEYMOUE WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 373 A specialty is made of German silver for table ware and many other purposes. The company employs about 1,400 men and does a large business. In 1904, 1906, 1909, 191 1 and 1916 and 1917, it added buildings costing over $500,000 to its plant. It has been employed on munition contracts for the past few years. Paper making has been an important industry for nearly a century. The first to establish the manufacture of paper in Seymour was General Humphreys, who built the first paper mill in 1805. The journal of the mill from October, 1805, to June, 1825. was long preserved. Five names appeared on the time account for October in that year, Thomas Hudson, Chester Jones, Elbridge G. Ware. John Canfield and Philo Smith. This list was soon largely increased, including Maj. A. A. Stone, Wm. Lewis, Wm. Ball, James Bowman, and many others. Four or live reams of paper a day was the average for the first few years. At this time the paper was made by hand. An engine for preparing the pulp was in use, but from this it was dipped out into fine sieves of the size the sheet of paper w r as to be made, shaken about to pack the fiber, a felt or flannel laid on, and the paper tipped out on it. One hundred and twenty-five sheets were so piled up, making, with the felts a pile about fifteen inches high. This was pressed in a screw press, then taken out of the felts and hung on poles to dry, then pressed in one and a quarter ream bunches. The next day the sheets were "stripped" or separated and pressed in the dry press. Writing paper was laid sheet by sheet between press boards with occasional iron plates and pressed again. In 1866 W. W. Smith took charge of the mill and his father retired from the business, and in May, 1870, the mill was sold to W. W. Smith. The S. Y. Beach Paper Company's works is a continuation of this one estab- lished at the Falls in 1805, S. Y. Beach having been identified with it from 1843 until his death in 1899. The S. Y. Beach Paper Company was organized in 1880, with a capital of $10,000, the stockholders being George W. Beach of Waterbury, and Andrew Y. Beach, Sharon D. Beach, and Theodore B. Beach of Seymour, all sons of the late S. Y. Beach. In 1902 G. W. Beach was presi- dent; T. B. Beach, secretary, and S. D. Beach, treasurer and manager. Its present officers are: President, Andrew Y. Beach ; treasurer and manager, S. M. Beach. It now manufactures pin paper almost exclusively. The H. P. and E. Day Company, incorporated in 1902 for $200,000, are the manufacturers of the Waterman fountain pen and employ at present 200 hands, working shifts three nights a week. The rubber business had been carried on in the present location for seventy years, during which time have been made most of the inventions by the aid of which the goods and processes of manu- facture now in use have been perfected. A large force of skilled workmen is employed largely in producing a great variety of hard rubber goods but par- ticularly the Waterman fountain pen. The present officers of the company are : President Edmund Day, secretary, Walter Randall; treasurer, Julius G. Day. The Rimmon Manufacturing Company was organized January 10, 1900, with a capital of $30,000 paid in, now increased to $200,000. The plant of the company covers over an acre of ground and is situated on Main and Day streets. It has a good location, being but a short distance from the depot, and has a good water power. The main building is 48 by 72 with an addition 22 by 44. The muffle building is 36 by 36 feet and the Japan building 20 by 32 feet. This com- pany manufactures brass and other metal goods, eyelets for shoes, corsets and 374 VVATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY many other purposes, in large quantities, for domestic and foreign trade. Some of the eyelets and grommets, a large eyelet, are exported to Australia. It is now erecting a large new factory, 80 by 100. Its present officers are : President, S. A. Chase, New Hampshire; secretary and treasurer, Charles W. Michaels; superintendent, E. O. Lawrence. The Seymour Iron Foundry was established by Edward A. Klatte in 1898. The main building is 50 by 100 feet, with an ell 20 by 45, and an office building 20 by 30 feet, two stories, and several smaller buildings for storage and other pur- poses incidental to the business. All the water used in the foundry, for steam, etc., is supplied by a large spring on the premises. About thirty men are employed. Mr. Klatte superintends the work, participating in the finer mechanical part of the molding and casting, and to his ability and versatility the success of the foundry is due. He is a native of Maine, but since May 1, 1898, has been a resident of Seymour. The company was incorporated for $50,000 in 1913. Its officers in 1917 are: President and treasurer, E. A. Klatte; secretary, L. E. Klatte. The Arethusa Spring Water Company of Seymour was organized in 1892 by Carlos French, who had the water from the spring thoroughly tested and ascertained that it is of exceptional purity. The water contains but one and three-fourths grains of mineral matter to the gallon, and in respect to chlorine it is shown to be almost of perfect purity. Large buildings were erected for bottling, storage, etc., the storage building alone being 30 by 100 feet. The labora- tories are provided with every needed facility that science or mechanical ingenuity could devise, and the water, both plain and sparkling, is shipped to great dis- tances. The Arethusa Ginger Ale, which is made and bottled at the spring, rivals the famous Belfast product. It is incorporated for $30,000. Its officers in 1917 are: President, Charles R. Warner; secretary and treasurer, M. J. Warner. The Seymour Water Company was organized May 9, 1898, and work was begun as soon as the necessary surveys and purchases of land could be made, and the works were completed in the spring of 1899. The reservoir is about a half mile northwest of Pinesbridge, in a secluded valley, removed from resi- dences, and in an ideal location for absence of contamination. The reservoir is fed by a stream which winds along the hillsides of a rocky section of country, with cool springs which assure a good quality of water for household use. There is a fall of about 230 feet to the level of the central part of Seymour, in the vicinity of the railway station, giving a pressure of no pounds to the inch and therefore ample force for most effective use in case of fires, for which nearly fifty hydrants have been placed where most likely to be needed. The capital is now $150,000. The officers of the company are: President, W. H. H. Wooster; secretary and treasurer, Dennis Blakeslee of New Haven. The Seymour Metal Goods Company was organized February 7, 1910, with a capital of $200000, and has built up a considerable business since that date. Its officers are and have been : President, William L. Ward ; secretary and treas- urer, A. L. Clark. In [anuary, 1889, the Seymour Electric Light Company was incorporated for $30,000 with all its leading manufacturers interested in giving the city the benefit of the latest development in lighting. Later it was merged with the Connecticut Lighting & Power Company. Its president now is C. R. Warner of Waterbury ; secretary, E. E. Day of Newport ; treasurer, C. L. Campbell of Waterbury. BROAD STREET. SEYMOUR .MAIN' STREET, LOOKING SOUTH, SEYMOUR WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 375 TRANSPORTATION An account of the industries of Seymour would not be complete without men- tion of the facilities for transportation upon which they all depend. The Nauga- tuck Railroad, built a little more than sixty-rive years ago, now known as the Naugatuck Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, is one of the most important and best paying branches of that system and affords every possible facility to local enterprises. This railroad has contributed largely to building up the industries of the valley, while they in turn have repaid by addition to the profits of the road, both in freight and passenger traffic. The first locomotive over the road reached Seymour May 10, 1849, an d tne first passenger train May 14th. Sixteen passenger trains now arrive and depart daily, and bring the town within easy reach of the chief cities of this state and of the metropolis. The present handsome passenger station was built in 1898 and is a worthy addition to the many fine edifices in the town. THE SEYMOUR RECORD The Seymour Record was established by W. C. Sharpe in 1871, previous to which time there was no paper published in any of the towns between Derby and Waterbury. It was at first a small eight page sheet, changing in September, 1886, to a six column quarto. The Record has been conducted as a local family newspaper, giving the greater prominence to matters of interest to the people of Seymour and adjoin- ing towns, and has from time to time contained engravings of public buildings, factories and prominent people of the place in occasional historical sketches, both by the editor and by people of Seymour and neighboring town, who have con- tributed valuable articles on the early history of their several communities, so that the files of the Record are a mine of information both in regard to current events and early history. ITS FIRE DEPARTMENT On the 1 8th of April, 1882, E. F. Bassett's large, three story furniture store on Bank Street was destroyed by fire, together with two smaller stores owned by S. Y. Beach and a house owned by L. A. and S. P. Camp. The impossibility of extinguishing the fire until four buildings had been burned, made the neces- sity of efficient fire apparatus quite evident. The fire company was first organized in 1882 and re-organized August 12, 1884, and the name changed to Citizen Engine Company No. 2. At the annual town meeting held October 4, 1891, it was voted that the town purchase the lot at the corner of Factory and Raymond streets, and erect a suit- able engine house, substantially fire proof. The sum of $5,000 was appropriated for the purchase of the lot and $8,000 for the building. The new engine house is a handsome brick building of two stories with a roomy basement. It has in addition to other adequate equipment, a chemical engine and is about to add a second one. At present the department head is F. E. Chamberlain. The fire commissioners are George A. Divine, J. A. Griffith, W. B. Johnson. Seymour's park and monument The tract of nearly fourteen acres on the west of Garden City, which was presented to the Town of Seymour by the late Carlos French for a public park. 376 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY is an ideal place for the purpose. The larger part of the tract is either nearly level or gently rolling, and the easterly side has been known for some years as the "Athletic Grounds," the use of it having been given by Mr. French to the young people for ball games and other athletic sports. The westerly part is covered with a fine grove, which has been a popular picnic resort. This reaches to the brow of a cliff which affords a fine view of the river and the northerly part of the town, with Castle Rock in the distance, at the left, making one of the most picturesque landscapes in the valley. From the north, the Naugatuck River spreads out into a placid lake of about two hundred and fifty acres. Beyond is the bold front of lofty Rock Rimmon, while to the right and left, and far in the distance, are seen the wooded hills of one of the most attractive scenic regions of the Naugatuck Valley. The Soldiers' Monument, a beautiful piece of statuary, was largely the work of Upson Post No. 40, Grand Army of the Republic and of the women of Sey- mour, who raised most of the money needed for this fine commemorative shaft. ITS TOWN OFFICERS The town officers for Seymour for 1917 were: Clerk and register, Frederick M. Parsons; treasurer, Wm. L. Ward; selectmen, George A. Divine, John A. Griffith, Jr., Walter B. Johnson; school committee, Edward T. Humphreys, chairman, James B. Honey, Sherman Sanford, Rev. Wm. A. Woodford, Joseph A. O'Brien, Thomas A. Perrins, Wm. B. Swan, Henry Howard, Henry Danforth. societies Sarah Ludlow Chapter, Daughers of the American Revolution, is one of the notable organizations of the town. At present Mrs. Hattie M. Buckingham is regent ; vice regent, Mrs. A. L. Booth ; recording secretary, Mrs. C. T. Adams ; cor- responding secretary, Mrs. W. P. Foster; treasurer, Mrs. H. M. Barber; register, Florence James. The Seymour Chamber of Commerce organized in 1900 is doing splendid work along all lines of civic and industrial improvement. Its president now is William B. Swan; its secretary, James B. Baylis; directors, C. W. Michaels, W. C. Sharpe, F. M. Parsons, H. S. Halligan, J. P. Johnstone, C. R. Sumpf, George Smith. T. B. Beach, C. H. Camp. VIEW OF THOMASTON, LOOKING WEST SOLDIERS' MONUMENT, METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AND PARSONAGE, THOMASTON CHAPTER XXXII THOMASTON, THE TOWN OF CLOCKMAKERS ITS 1 -ARIA HISTORY THE BEGINNING OF ITS CLOCK INDUSTRY THE INVENTION OF i:i.l TERRY AND SETII THOMAS THEIR MARVELOUS WORK THE GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY ITS SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, GOVERNMENT ITS LATEST INDUSTRIES. Thomaston, named after the founder of its clock industry, Seth Thomas, is a town of nearly four thousand population. It is beautifully located, its homes being largely on the western bank and hillsides of the Naugatuck River. It lies in the southeastern part of Litchfield County, and is connected by a short trolley ride with Waterbury. The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad gives it direct connection with Torrington and Winsted on the north, and Waterbury, New Haven and Bridgeport on the south. It has two banks, one national and one savings, two excellent schools with rural schools directly affiliated with its high school, a beautiful library, a fine town hall and four churches. Like all towns in the Naugatuck Valley, it is an industrial community. The Seth Thomas Clock Company, founded in 181 3, gives employment to 1,200 people. The other larger industries are the Plume & Atwood Rolling Mill, employing 300; the Thomaston Knife Company, employing 75; and the Thomas- ton Mfg. Co., with 20 employes. ITS EARLY HISTORY Until 1875, Thomaston was part of the Town of Plymouth and w y as generally known as Plymouth Hollow. Plymouth in its earliest days was a part of the Town of Waterbury. Not until October, 1737, were the people of Plymouth per- mitted by the General Assembly to separate as a church body from the parent organization at Waterbury. But in 1740 came a contest over the location of the First Congregational Church between those who wanted it built on the hill and those who wanted it in what is now the site of Thomaston. The schoolhouse on the West Side was used temporarily for the church meetings. It is evident that the occupation of the West Side Schoolhouse was merely temporary and provisional, the society chancing to be organized there, as there was no other public building in the parish limits ; it was not regarded as the meeting house, nor did they intend to remain in it permanently. It was not the society of Wooster Swamp, but of Northburv. which mainly lay east of the river, where it proceeded to build as soon as it was in fair working order. The West Side settlers naturally objected to the building because they saw it would be done east of the river, and they tried to persuade the society to remain in their schoolhouse. But when they saw that the society was determined to build and on the East Side, a majority (not of the society, for that would have controlled it and defeated the project of building on the East Side) of the pro- prietors of the West Side house (eleven of the nineteen) voted the society out of doors till it should have completed its own house. Then this majority of the 377 378 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY proprietors, knowing that the Legislature would not organize an opposition Con- gregational Church west of the river, formed an Episcopal society. St. Peter's Church was therefore organized in 1740, in Plymouth Hol- low, now Thomaston. where the first church edifice was erected. The rectors previous to the War of the Revolution were Theophilus Mor- ris. James Lyon. Richard Mansfield, James Scoville, and James Nichols. The society was reorganized after the Revolution with the following members: Solomon Collins. Abner Blakeslee, Titus Barnes, Asher Blakeslee, Eli Blakes- lee, Hosea Bliss, Moses Blakeslee, Samuel Blakeslee, Philo Bradlee, Amos Bron- son, Ebenezer Bradley, Noah Blakeslee, Jude Blakeslee, Ebenezer Bradley, Noah Blakeslee, Ebenezer Bradley, Jr., John Brown, Thos. Blakeslee, Joab Camp, Abishai Castle, Zadok Curtis, Amasa Castle, Ezra Dodge, Samuel Fens, Ebenezer Ford, Jesse Fenn, Lemuel Funcher, Cephas Ford, Barnabas Ford, Isaac Fenn, Enos Ford, Daniel Ford, Amos Ford, Cornelius Graves, Benj. Graves, Simon Graves, Zacheus Howe, Eliphalet Hartshorn, Eliphalet Hartshorn, Jr., Jesse Humaston, David Luddington, Zebulon Mosher, Chauncey Moss, Jacob Potter, Samuel Peck, Jr., Samuel Potter, Gideon Seymour, David Shelton, Ezekiel San- ford, Jr., Abel Sutliff, Jr., Samuel Scovile, Jr., Jesse Turner, Wm. Tuttle, Thos. Williams, Eli Welton, Thos. Way, Ogrius Warner, Thomas Williams, Jr., Samuel Way. After its reorganization, the church in 1792 was supplied by Ashbel Baldwin, Philo Shelton, Pillotow Branson, and Chauncey Prindle. A new church edifice was erected in 1796 and consecrated November 2, 1797. The section occupied by the Village of Thomaston in 1825 consisted of about thirteen dwellings, located as follows : On East Main Street, on the site of the Plume & Atwood offices, stood a dwelling occupied by Lyman Fenn, and on the premises later occupied by John H. Wood was also a house, but its occupant is unknown. There was a house standhig on North Main Street, where Dr. B. W. Pease later resided, and Julius Blakesley lived in a dwelling which stood near the later residence of Henry B. Warner. The premises later occupied by T. J. Bradstreet and Mrs. Blakesley were owned by Mica Blakesley, and on the place later occupied by Mrs. George Reynolds was a tannery. The next location on the north side of the street belonged to Seth Thomas, and was occupied by him a number of years. It is now covered by the clock factory. The next place below was occupied by the Blakesley family a long time. One of the oldest buildings in the village stood on Center Street, and was occupied by Levi Castle. The quiet little hamlet of less than a score of buildings has grown to one of the loveliest manufacturing towns in Connecticut, and this is due chiefly to the enterprise of one family, Seth Thomas, his sons and grandsons. Seth Thomas, the elder, commenced the manufacture of clocks in 1800, in company with Eli I erry and Silas Hoadley, at what is now Hancock Station, on the New York and New England Railroad. Here he remained until 1813, when he came to Plymouth Hollow, now Thomaston. and purchased the site on which the new five- story factory is now located and commenced the manufacture of clocks. He gradually increased the business, and in 1853 the Seth Thomas Clock Company was organized, under the joint stock law of Connecticut. The remainder of the story of the development of the clock industry in Thomaston is told under another heading in this chapter. thomaston's town history Jn July 6, 1X75, the Town of Thomaston began its corporate existence, the Genera] Assembly having officially decreed the separation from Plymouth.' Its OLD ST. THOMAS ( IHRCH AND RECTORY. THOMASTOX HIGH STREET, THOMASTON i i, ■ - « n i ; ■■-■: fc r , M! I f | 'I II II I! ... i M 1 '*^ if rit l BRADSTREETS 5 BLOCK, THo.MASTOX " f|j ■■ M 41 I VIEW oK MAIN STREET, THOMASTON WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 379 first town meeting was held July 13, 1875. lis first selectmen were Frederick E. Warren, Nelson Bennett, and Morris Humiston. Its first act was to appoint the following haywards for the community: Bennett E. Osborn, Phineas J. Mix, Scoville Atwood, Alfred B. Smith. William B. Atwood. The first town meetings were held in what was known as American Hall, and later these meetings were held in Foster's I I all. On April 28, [883, it was decided to expend 850,000 on a new town hall on the site of the old cemetery. The committee in charge of construction was Aaron Thomas, F. E. Warner, A. P. Bradstreet, C. F. Williams, and James W. White. Within a year the building was completed; $8,000 was expended in furnishings, and it is today occupied by the town officials and also as a postoffice. The Fire Department dates its origin from April 22, 1881, when the Crescent Hose Company was formed, followed on December 13, 1881, by the formation of the Thomaston Hook and Ladder Company. A fine new building was completed a few years ago which is fitted out on its upper floor as a clubhouse, and on the lower floor are up-to-date fire-fighting appliances, including a combination chemical engine just installed. The Laura Andrews and Thomaston Library Building was erected in 1902, the site being a gift of the Andrews family to the town. It contains 6,000 vol- umes. Miss Martha C. Potter is librarian. Thomaston has a large high school, to which is attached a grammar school. In addition, it has what is called the Brick School, which is a full graded school. Two outlying district schools are affiliated with the High School and are under the supervision of the school committee. Its enrollment of pupils is at present about eight hundred. The school com- mittee for 19 1 7 consists of Robert Hazen, Fred L. White, John Walsh, James Goodall, Newton D. Holbrook, Richard J. Wallace, Alfred N. Pratt, Ralph H. Barnes, and Ralph S. Goodwin. Its present town officials are: Clerk and register, Charles A. Curtiss ; treas- urer, Fred I. Roberts ; selectmen, E. O. Bradley, George Sangster. R. J. Wallace ; assessors, Wm. B. Foote, George C. Gilbert, George C. Hosford; auditors, Ray- mond H. Felton, Michael F. Conway. The Thomaston National Bank, founded in 1885, has a capital of $50,000 and surplus of $25,000. Its deposits are $147,968.09. Its president is James A. Doughty: cashier, F. I. Roberts. The' Thomaston Sayings Bank, founded in 1884, has about two thousand depositors, with total deposits in 1916 amounting to $1,298,386.29. Its surplus is $89,000. The president is Edward C. Stoughton ; treasurer, Henry E. Stough- ton. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH The First Congregational Church was organized December 7. 1837. with the following members : losiah Warner, Thomas Sutliff, Abel C. Judson, Abel Jud- son, Hiram Pierce, William F. Judson, Samuel Beach. Silas Hotchkiss, Edward Xettlcton. Tames Cargill. Seth Thomas, Joseph F. Mansfield, P. D. Potter, Lafayette Comstock. Munson Adkins, Nathan Cook, Fanny Warner, Nancy Sut- liff, Haldah Sutliff, Ruby Judson, Sabrina Hart, Sally C. Northrop. Mehitabel Booth. Ruth Bush, Harriet Xettleton. Martha Marsh, Chloe Boardman, Eunice Cargill, Mary M. Judson, Hannah M. Comstock. Clarissa E. Cook, Laura Thomas, Martha Thomas. Amanda Thomas. Mary E. Blakesley, Esther Potter, Amanda Adkin. The pastors have been as follows: Haryey D. Kitchell. Joseph 380 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY D. Hall, James Averill, J. B. Pearson, R. P. Searle, J. W. Backus, H. C. Hitch- cock. The present pastor is Rev. Geo. D. Owen. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH For many years previous to the erection of a house of worship by the Meth- odists, Thomaston was supplied with circuit preaching- by the New York Confer- ence. During these years the tide of opposition was strong against this small band, which finally eventuated in their being prohibited the use of the school- house, which for some years they had occupied. The membership at the time, though small and feeble, now felt the need of a house of worship. The subject of building soon became agitated. This, in the course of two or three years, resulted in the erection of a very neat and com- modious church. This church was erected in the year 1842, principally through the influence and labors of Bennett Hibbard, a leader and steward in charge. The house being finished in the early part of the winter, was dedicated by the Rev. L. D. Ferguson. The first pastor was Charles Bartlett. The first officers were as follows : liennett Hibbard, Nathan A. Daniels, leaders; Bennett Hibbard, Hiram S. Turn- ey, stewards ; Bennett Hibbard, Samuel Coley, Sherman Lines, trustees. The following is a list of the members in the year 1842: Bennett Hibbard, Laura Hibbard, William McAliston, Hiram Turney, Jenett Turney, Ruth A. Dunning, Emily Smith, Julia E. Thompson, Jane M. Thompson, Mary Fuller, Fanny Munger, Lucius Alcott, Emily Alcott, Caleb Austin, Louisa Austin, Abijah A. Dunning, Maria Fuller and Lucy Yale. The present pastor is Rev. E. L. Thorpe. TRINITY EPISCOPAL CHURCH Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church sprang from St. Peter's, Plymouth. The Uev. Benjamin Eastwood commenced holding evening services in the Academy Hall, but in 1866 Academy Hall was sold to the school district. It was then thought best to purchase the old meeting-house of the Methodist Society, and in March, 1867, it was deeded to Randal T. Andrews, Edwin Welton and Robert Alcott, to be held by them in trust until such time as a parish might be organ- ized. In the fall of the same year the building was enlarged by adding a vesti- bule and belfry, containing a bell given in memory of Mrs. Hannah Williams. The parish organization was effected January 2, 1869. The names of the first members were : Robert Alcott, Augustus E. Blakeslee, Jerry M. Curtiss, Herman D. Saul, David S. Plume, Richard Chapman, George G. Alcott, Harvey Sperry, Alfred J. Winton, Randal T. Andrews, John Chapman, Hugh Lawton, Edward T. Gates, William C. Gates, Thomas Chapman, George W. Canfield, Martin L. Judd, Augustus Merrill and Daniel H. Stevens. The first rector was Rev. David Bishop ; first clerk, Robert Alcott ; first treas- urer, R. T. Andrews ; first wardens, Edward T. Gates, George G. Alcott ; first vestrymen, David S. Plume, Randal T. Andrews, Robert Alcott, Augustus E. Blakeslee, Jerry M. Curtiss, William C. Gates, Hugh Lawton, Isaac R. Castle and John Chapman. The present church edifice was erected on the site of the old one in 1871. The present rector is Rev. B. Hamilton Phelps. The church was enlarged, at an expense of $3,000, in the fall of 1879, and a $1,500 organ placed therein in memory of George W. Bradley, a former organist of St. Peter's, Plymouth. RESIDENCE OF \Y. T. WOODRUFF. THOMASTON VIEW OF HKMI STREET, THOMASTON HENRY E. STOUGHTON'S RESIDENCE WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 381 ST. THOMAS' R. C. CHURCH The first marriage of Catholics was solemnized by Father Fitton on a visit to Plymouth Hollow, in [831. The first mass was celebrated in the residence of Michael Ryan, in 1854. by Rev. Michael O'Neile, of Waterbury, who paid monthly visits to the little Catholic community. When Father llendricken suc- ceeded him. he continued these monthly visits. In [863 the worshiping Catholics were placed under the jurisdiction of Bristol and so remained until 1871. Rev. Eugene Gaffney was the first resident pastor, who came to the church in 1871 and started the building- of the present St. Thomas edifice at that time. It was dedicated October 15, 1876. He not alone completed this church but also built those at Terryville and Watertown. He bought the cemetery and also built the rectory. Father Gaffney died August 30, 1884. and was succeeded by Rev. Michael McGivney, who died in 1890. Rev. Michael J. Daly succeeded him. The present pastor in charge of St. Thomas parish is Rev. J. Tl. Walsh. thomaston's industrial development The industries of Thomaston have their actual beginnings, as before stated, in the work of Seth Thomas, the clockmaker, and of his first partner in the busi- ness, Eli Terry. The life story of both men forms an enlightening chapter on Thomaston's great industry. Mr. Terry learned the art of clock and watchmaking and the art of engrav- ing on metal from Daniel Bitmap, in the City of Hartford. He also received instruction from Thomas Harland, a noted clock and watchmaker, a resident of Norwich, and a native of London. When he settled in Plymouth, he engaged in the business of repairing clocks and watches, engraving on metal, and selling spectacles, spectacles being the only goods he kept for sale. In his early years here he did nothing at clockmaking worthy of mention, but in the year 1807 he obtained a contract from a clockmaker in the neighboring Town of Waterbury for making 4,000 thirty-hour wooden clocks with seconds pendulum, the dial and hands included, at $4 apiece. At this date the manufacturers of clocks in this country made the eight-day English brass clocks and thirty-hour wood clocks, both kinds of clocks having pendulums beating seconds with three exceptions. In that part of Plymouth, now Thomaston, there was a manufacturer of brass clocks, and also a manufacturer of brass clocks at Salem Bridge, now Nauga- tuck. These clocks were the English brass clocks with sixty teeth in the escape- ment wheel, instead of thirty, to adapt them to a half seconds pendulum, the cord passing upward and over a pulley on the inside of the top of the case and attached to the weight, the weight moving the whole length of the inside of the case. These were the substantial differences. The plates for the frames of these clocks and the blanks for the wheels and other parts were cast metal, and the pinions were of cast steel, as in the English clocks. The length of cases required for half seconds clocks bears about the same ratio to the length of the cases for clocks with seconds pendulums that squares of the lengths of the pendulums bear to each other. These clocks were popularly called "shelf clocks." and were thus distinguished from clocks with seconds pendulums, the case of which stood on the floor. At Roxbury, near Boston, a timepiece was made called Willard's timepiece. This timepiece consisted of the time train of the English brass clock, with 'the omission of one leaf in the pinion on the escapement wheel arbor, the escapement wheel having an additional number of teeth, and was thus adapted to a pendulum shorter than the seconds and longer than the 382 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY half seconds pendulum. This brass timepiece and the half seconds brass clock before mentioned were excellent timepieces. Such was the state of the clock- maker's art, so far as relates to clocks for general use in the year 1807. To com- plete the contract mentioned, Mr. Terry was allowed three years. During this time he conceived the idea of making a thirty-hour wood clock with half seconds pendulum for general use, which would be much less expensive than the half seconds clock of cast brass. His first effort in this direction was unsatisfactory, the clock was substantially the movement of the thirty-hour wood clock with a seconds pendulum, the escapement wheel having sixty teeth instead of thirty to adapt it to a short half seconds pendulum. The cord passed upward and over a pulley on the inside of the top of the case and down around a pulley attached to the weight and back to the top of the case, where it was fastened. The front plate of the frame was an open plate, and the clock had no dial, but the figures to indicate the time were painted on the glass in the sash of the case. This clock did not suit Air. Terry's aspirations, though he made and sold several hundred of them, and other manufacturers made and sold more than he did. In the year 1814, he perfected a thirty-hour wood clock of a construction entirely new, both the time and striking trains having a greater number of wheels, and the clock being so radically different that it was really a new manu- facture. Aside from the ingenuity as shown in the general construction of this clock, there were two notable inventions : the one consisted in arranging the dial works between the plates of the frame, instead of between the front plate and the dial, and the other consisted in mounting the verge on a steel pin inserted in one end of a short arm, a screw passing through the other end and into the front of the plate. In wood blocks the pin was inserted in a button midway between the center and the periphery. By turning the button or arm, the verge was adjusted to the escapement wheel. In the manufacture of this newly constructed thirty-hour wood clock the numerous manufacturers of clocks at once engaged, and it became a very extensive industry, Mr. Terry making a very small fraction of the number made and sold. It superseded the half second clock made of cast brass, and that industry perished. This clock supplied the American market and export demand for clocks for a quarter of a century. In the progress of the arts in this country, sheet metal began to be manufac- tured, and rolled brass became an article of commerce. With a supply of this article in the market, sheet metal clocks began to be made. These sheet metal clocks, with wire pinions, were much less expensive than w r ood clocks, and super- seded the manufacture of wood clocks as the manufacture of wood clocks had superseded the manufacture of clocks of cast brass. The two inventions before mentioned were adapted to brass clocks, as well as to wood clocks, and to sheet metal clocks, as well as to clocks made of cast metal, and one or both are found in nearly every clock made in this. country, and also in clocks made in other coun- tries. It is worthy of mention at this point that all of the several kinds of clocks before mentioned were made to gauges, or so that the parts were interchangeable. The making of parts of a machine so that one part may be changed for a like part in another machine was an American idea. To whom the credit of the invention belongs, the writer regrets he is unable to state, but it was practiced in the clockmaker's art as early as the year 1807. But Mr. Terry did not confine himself to making low-priced clocks for general use. He made brass clocks of fine quality, and sold them to watchmakers for regulators, the price ranging from one to two hundred dollars, and he also manufactured tower clocks. His tower clocks were novel, and consisted of three parts, a movement, a part to move the hands, and the striking mechanism. By this construction the movement was not SKTH THOMAS WATCH AND MACHINE SHOP, THOMASTON WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 383 affected by the action of the wind and weather on the hands; the movement could also be placed in any part of the building desired, with a dial and handle attached and connected to the parts in the tower by a wire. The tower clock which he made for the City of Xew Haven deserves special notice. The city at this time ( [826) had no building suitable for a tower clock and the clock was placed in Center Church, on the "Green." This clock had the usual dial work, the hands connected with it showing mean time on a dial, and an extra train or dial works whereby the hands connected with it showed apparent time on an extra dial. This duplex clock, showing both mean and apparent time, was not liked by the citizens, who were accustomed to apparent time, which was everywhere kept except in two or three of the principal cities, sun dials having been common and every house having its own mark. The extra dial work, dial and hands for showing apparent time were removed, and the man in charge was instructed by Mr. Terry to set the clock to mean time, for he was determined that the clock should show mean time, and he still owned it and could do as he pleased, the city not having accepted it. In a tower on one of the build- ings of Yale College, there was a public clock "with an apparatus attached to it, which produced a daily variation from true time equal to the variation of the sun," causing the clock to show apparent time. These two public clocks, not a block apart, one showing apparent time and the other mean time, occasioned a spirited controversy in the public press as to what was true time, or the proper time to be kept, in which there was a mixture of ridicule and learning. Those curious to read the controversy are referred to the files of the city papers of that day, to be found in the library of Yale. The communication signed "A Citizen of the United States" was written by Mr. Terry, and shows that he was a master of the whole subject. At this day it seems strange that there should have been such a controversy, that learned men and others should have advocated the keep- ing of apparent time, and that, in the year 181 1, on a signal from the observatory of the college, a heavy gun on the Public Square was fired at noon to give the people the exact time to make their noon marks. Many residents of the city and graduates of the college in all parts of the country will remember these two old public clocks which for many years chimed out their discordant notes. Some confusion has arisen from the failure of writers on the art to distinguish between clocks of cast brass and sheet metal clocks. The making of clocks of cast brass, the making of sheet metal clocks, and the making of wood clocks, so far as the mechanical part is concerned, are three distinct arts, — are three distinct industries. Eli Terry died in Plymouth, in the post village of Terryville, called after his oldest son, Eli Terry, Jr., February 24, 1852, falling short of the age of three score and ten one month and eighteen days. Seth Thomas was the son of James and Martha Thomas, and was born in Wolcott. Conn., August 19, 1785. His early education was very meager, con- sisting of a very short attendance upon a distant public school. He served an apprenticeship to the trade of carpenter and joiner, and spent some time on the construction of Long Wharf, in Xew Haven. Leaving at his majority with a small kit of tools and a very small sum of money, he associated with Eli Terry and Silas Hoadley under the firm name of Terry. Thomas & Hoadley, in the southeastern part of the Town of Plymouth, now known as Hancock Station, on the Xew England Railroad, and commenced the manufacture of clocks. In 1810 Mr. Terry sold his interest, and the linn continued two years as Thomas & Hoadley. Mr. Thomas then sold his interest to Mr. Hoadley and came to the western part of the town, then known as Plymouth I [ollow, and purchased the site where the large new factory is now located, and began the manufacture of clocks on his own account. 384 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY He was twice married, first to Philena Tuttle, April 20, 1808. She died March 12, 1810. He was married to Laura Andrews, daughter of William and Submit Andrews, April 14, 181 1, who survived him. She died July 12, 1871. He was the father of nine children, three of whom, and all then living, died in September, 1815, in the year memorable as the one of the dysentery scourge. The clock business, from small beginnings, increased rapidly, and he after- ward built a cotton mill and a brass rolling and wire mill. Politically he was a whig. He was a member of the Congregational Church and contributed largely to the building of the church in Plymouth Hollow. In 1853, feeling the infirmities of years coming upon him, in order to avoid the stoppage of his works consequent upon his death, he organized the Seth Thomas Clock Company under the joint stock laws of Connecticut. He died January 29, 1859. Six of his children who survived him were : Seth, Jr. ; Martha, who married Dr. William Woodruff; Amanda, who married Thomas J. Bradstreet ; Edward; Elizabeth, who married George W. Gilbert; and Aaron. Today the Seth Thomas Clock Company occupies three immense buildings, and the only regret of the officials is that the structures are widely separated. This is due to two other ventures of the great-grandfather of the present execu- tive head of the Seth Thomas Clock Company, Seth E. Thomas, Jr. First of all, just before the middle of the last century, he started a cotton mill on Elm and East Main streets. This was given up and was made the movement shop of the clock works. Later he was instrumental in founding the rolling mill which, with its water right on the east side of the Naugatuck, is now one of the plants of the Plume & Atwood Company. The latter company has just completed a large addition and is at present building a "recovering" plant close to the river. In 1905 the changes in the manufacture of clocks necessitated a larger set- ting-up room, and this, which is known as the "varnish" building, was put up on the old site. The new structure is no by 80. The only building that has been torn down was the old storehouse. The first building erected, and in which the business was started, still stands at the south corner of the plant and is in con- stant use. The new five-story building on the site of the old storehouse was completed and occupied in 191 5. It is 240 by 60 and is used for assembling, storage, and general offices. The marine department was built by the sons of the original Seth Thomas. This is where the movements are made. It is four stories in height, size 240 by 30, with a wing added later. While many of the old employees have been with the company for over forty years, no one is now living who personally knew the original Seth Thomas. The officers of the company at the present time are : President, Seth E. Thomas, Jr. ; vice president and general manager, Mason T. Adams ; treasurer and secretary, G. S. Havelin. The Thomaston Knife Company was organized in 1887 by Joseph M. War- ner, and located in what had been first a woolen mill, and later a clock factory. He remained at its head until 1912, when E. H. Frost, of Bethlehem, Conn., bought the controlling interest. The company employs seventy-five people. The Thomaston Mfg. Co., on North Main Street, which makes automatic screw machine accessories, is a comparatively recent addition to Thomaston's industries. Tt was incorporated in 191 3 with a capital of $15,000. John Gross is president; E. B. Gross, secretary. It employs twenty men. CHAPTER XXXIII TORRINGTON'S RAPID GROWTH SUMMARY OF ITS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT — ITS EARLY HISTORY — TORRINGFORD — EARLY EXPANSION — SCHOOLS — CHURCHES — BANKS — CHAMBER OF COMMERCE — LIBRARY — Y. M. C. A. — HOSPITAL — NEWSPAPERS ELKS' CLUB HOUSE PARKS CEMETERIES — BOROUGH HISTORY. Torrington is unique in Litchfield County in its phenomenal civic and indus- trial growth. From 1800 to 1890 its percentage of increase in population was 82 # H. From 1890 to 1900 the increase was 100 per cent; from iyoo to 1910, its population increased from about 9,000 to 15,490. The population on July 1, 191 7, as estimated by the United States Census Bureau, is 20,040. But this is an exceedingly conservative figure when it is remembered that in five years the pay rolls ot its thirteen leading manufacturing plants have increased from 5,000 to 9,000. The American Brass Co., Coe branch, employs in Torrington 2,0co people as compared with 1,800 five years ago. The Chamber of Commerce of Torrington feels, therefore, justified in claiming a population at this time of 23.500, which would give Torrington the largest pro- portionate increase of any town in Connecticut, a record which it has held for three decades. Including the water and light companies, but not including its banks, and allowing for proportionate capital of the Torrington branch of the American Brass Co., there are in Torrington today fourteen industrial corporations with a working capitalization of over nine million dollars. The assessed valuation of the borough in 1892 was $3,269,991. In 19 15 this ^had increased to $14,739,991, and in 1917 to $15,814,214. From the borough records of March. 1916, the following facts are taken, although in 1916 and in 1917 each item has been further appreciably increased. Torrington had on March 1, 1915, 31.09 miles of public streets, 8.56 miles of private streets, 5.80 miles of streets with bituminous surface, 28.40 miles of side- walk, 3.63 miles of storm sewer, 392 street lights, practically all of 60 candle power, 153 hydrants, 29 public fire alarm boxes and 13 private fire alarm boxes. It has perhaps the largest mileage of concrete walks in the state. Torrington has in the past five years expended or contracted for the expendi- ture of between $Coo,cco and $700,000 for new schools. The school enrollment for 1913-14 was 2.979; tor i 9 i 4~ i 5j 3,°~8'- f° r 1915-16 it was 3.473. For the fall of 19 17 it will reach 4,000. So great has been the pressure for school room that during the past two years in the Center School there were eight classes with half a day schooling. The congestion in other sections was nearly as great. New schoolhouses, completed and building, will relieve this pressure. There are twelve churches with property valuation of nearly a million. It has one national bank with deposits of $3,000,000. two trust companies and one savings bank. It has 7,100 savings depositors, who have on deposit nearly three million dollars. Vol. 1— J 5 „„ 385 386 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY The following list of larger industries, of which the histories are given in detail in these pages, tells how they are officered in 1917, with capitalization and date of organization. It gives some conception of the growth of Torrington. The American iirass Co., Coe branch, incorporated in 1863, has the follow- ing officers in 1917 : C. F. Brooker, president; E. J. Steele, vice president (until July 1, 1917), succeeded by Frederick L. Drama n ; James D. Thursfield, manager; Frederick L. Draman, assistant manager, became vice president on July 1, 191 7. The capital of the Warrenton Woolen Company, organized in 1844, is /$250,ooo, and its officers in 1917 are: President, John Workman; secretary, Frank E. Coe ; treasurer and general manager, S. C. Workman ; assistant man- ager, F. R. Appelt. The Domestic Vacuum Cleaner Co. was incorporated in 191 2. Its capital is $326,000. The officers in 1917 are: President, F. P. Weston; treasurer, Gail Z. Porter. The National Sweeper Co., incorporated in 1900, has a capital of $100,- 000, and is under the same management. The capital of the Excelsior Needle Company, organized in 1870, is $1,000,000. Tts officers are : President, Frederick P. Weston ; secretary and treasurer, C. B. Vincent. The Standard Company, organized in 1900, has a capital of $1,200,000, and its officers in 1917 are: President, Frederick P. Weston; secretary, George E. Hammann ; treasurer, Charles E. Morehouse. These two companies and the Progressive Manufacturing Co. are controlled by the Torrington Co., which may be described as an international corporation for the manufacture of needles. The Torrington Building Company, incorporated in 1902, has a capital of $150,000. Its officers in 1917 are: President, Harlow A. Pease; secretary, Wil- liam B. Waterman ; treasurer, Howard J. Castle. The Torrington Electric Light Company, incorporated in 1887, has a capital of $625,000. Its officers in 1917 arc: President, John Workman; secretary, F. F. Fuessenich ; treasurer, Frank M. Travis. The Torrington Manufacturing Company, incorporated in 1885, has a capital of $250,000. Its officers in 1917 are: President, J. A. Doughty; secretary and treasurer, Robert C. Swayze. The Torrington Realty Co., incorporated in 1910. has a capital of $150,000. Its officers in 1917 are: President, L. Cleveland Fuessenich; secretary, Henry H. Fuessenich ; treasurer, Frederick W. Fuessenich. The Torrington Water Co., incorporated in 1878. has a capital of $400,000. Its officers for 1917 are: President, J. N. Brooks; secretary and treasurer, C. L. McNeil. The Turner & Seymour Mfg. Co., organized in 1848, has a capital of $350,000. Tts officers in 1917 are: President. L. G. Kibbe; secretary, S. C. Workman; treasurer, E. E. L. Taylor. The Union Hardware Company, organized 18S4, has a capital of $600,000. Its officers for 1917 are: President, Thomas W. Bryant ; secretary, Christian G. Hoerle ; treasurer, Frank J. Damon. The capital of the Hendey Machine Co., organized in 1870, is $900,000. Its officers in 1917 are: F. F. Fuessenich, president and treasurer; Charles H. Al- vord, vice president and manager; Frederick M. McKenzie, secretary; F. W. Fuessenich, assistant treasurer. The Hotchkiss Brothers Co.. organized 1901, has a capital of $160,000. Its< officers in 1917 are: President, Henry E. Hotchkiss; secretary, Harry J. Wylie; treasurer, Edward II. Hotchkiss. 'regressive Mfg. Co., incorporated 1905, has a capital of $100,000. Its officers in 1917 are: President, John H. Alvord ; secretary and treasurer, Geo. E. Hammann. SCHOOL BUILDING. THOMASTOX MAIN STREET AND OPERA HOUSE, THOMASTOfl CITY HALL, TORRINGTON ^,^«*£?'*V^jjjaKj3^*^ ^^^irt Wi sJSSiiiH S yi m\ 9» ? — ^ i mi* ^-^7 -Sill ■ ^^^WMI UNITED STATES POSTOFFICE, TORRINGTON .. ' . . THE HENDEY MACHINE COMPANY, TOERINGTON \\ ATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 387 To this list it is essential to add the Fitzgerald Mfg. Co., incorporated in 1912, which in its two plants at Torrington and Winsted employs 400 hands, and has a total capitalization of over $100,000. The latest building improvements give some conception of the industrial ex- pansion of Torrington during the past two years, and throw light on the prospect of a still greater growth in the near future. The Coe Brass branch of the American Brass Company has just completed its new casting plant, and its new rod mill. With these and with the improve- ments planned on Water Street, the capacity will be nearly doubled. The Hendey Machine Co. is now building a new casting shop. A big addition was completed about two years ago. The Standard Mfg. Co. this spring completed its three-story addition, occupy- ing a space of approximately 300 by 100 feet. The Union Hardware Company is planning a new addition. The Turner & Seymour Manufacturing Co. is building an addition to its casting shop. The Excelsior Needle Company built a new addition in 191 5. The Torrington Mfg. Co. is putting up an office building. Geographically considered, Torrington lies in the beautiful Naugatuck Valley, nineteen miles north of Waterbury and forty miles from the tide waters of Long Island Sound at New Haven. The Naugatuck Division of the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. connects it with both cities, and also with Winsted on the north, and an electric railway system furnishes additional communication with Winsted. The surroundings are picturesque, good drives are on every hand, and the tops and slopes of the neighboring hills command varied and expansive views on every side. Red Mountain rises sheer and bold against the northern sky line like a mighty buttress. The other hills slope in graceful outlines above the valleys beneath, — the restful type of pastoral scenery. The Shawngum (softened from Shawan- gunk) hills are extremely picturesque, in places palisadic in formation. EARLY HISTORY OF TORRINGTON The parent colony from which Torrington has its origin was Windsor. In May, 1732, when the General Assembly partitioned what is now the Borough of Torrington, it contained 20,924 acres. The only addition that has been made since that time has been the annexation of a small part of Litchfield. Historians assert that the name was brought over from Devonshire, England, where a ham- let called Torrington has existed for many centuries. Unquestionably some of the English from that village had come to Windsor in the early days of that town. The meaning of Torrington is "a hill-encircled town," which well suited the new community. In October, 1734, the early settlers constructed a fort, fearing a raid from the Mohawk Indians. In 1740 the first town meeting was held on December 9th. At this gathering Ebenezer Lyman, who had been the first to settle in the new town, was chosen moderator, and on the 15th of December, 1740, the first regular town officers were elected. As a matter of fact, the first dwelling house in the town was built by Joseph Ellsworth in 1734, although he did not become a per- manent resident of the town. The second house was built by Ebenezer Lyman in 1735. and in this place he resided for a long period. In June, 1738, a daughter was born to the Lymans, the first birth in the Town of Torrington. In 1 74 1 the little community organized its church. In 1751 it erected its first 388 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY meeting house, following it in 1755 with its first schoolhouse. All these structures were built about the fort and were of log construction. These first log houses were not built in what later came to be known as "Mast Swamp," the valley section along the Naugatuck, but upon the western hills ; the later dwellings were put up on what were known as the "Torringford hills" and afterwards some dwell- ings were erected on the "Newfields" hills. That portion of the town later called Wolcottville, which is now the Borough of Torrington, was the very last to be populated. It was covered for more than sixty years after the organization of the town in 1740 with a thick forest of pines which were used largely by ship- builders along the Sound for masts; in fact, many of these splendid, long pine poles were sent to England for use in the construction of ships in the navy of Great Britain. It is this use of the pine that gave the name of "Mast Swamp" until 1806 to what is now the Borough of Torrington. Amos Wilson was the first to use the water power of the Naugatuck for mill purposes in 1 75 1 , near the present site of the Hotchkiss Brothers Company. This brought about the first era of frame dwellings, and John Brooker, in 1803, on tne spot where South Main and Litchfield streets intersect, erected the first home with lumber from Wilson's Mill. In 1806 the villagers changed the name of their little community from Mast Swamp to New Orleans Village. This was the period of the Louisiana Purchase, and a considerable emigration had started from New England to the new territory. It is believed that the settlers in Mast Swamp had heard so much of New Orleans that they decided to call their own little com- munity by that name. There is no other plausible explanation for the change of name. In 1813 Governor Oliver Wolcott and some other members of his family from Litchfield purchased the water privileges extending from Wilson's Mill southerly to the point where the stream is now bridged. In the same year the woolen mill was built on the river on what is now known as Water Street. It was during the construction of this mill by the members of the Wolcott family that the sugges- tion was made to change the name of the valley from New Orleans Village to Wolcottville. For over sixty-eight years this was its designation. The first schoolhouse was built in 1814 on Main Street. In 1820 the first church was con- structed of brick on South Main Street. The "Gazeteer of the States of Con- necticut and Rhode Island" in 1819 described the little village as follows: "Wolcotville, a village of eighteen houses, has been built principally since [802, and is an active, flourishing place. Its growth has been chiefly owing to the establishment of an extensive woolen factory, which is now owned principally by his Excellency, Oliver Wolcott. It is one of the largest establishments of the kind in the state, employing about forty workmen and manufacturing from twenty to thirty-five yards of broadcloth daily, at an average value of $6.00 per vard." Tn 1836 the following description appeared in "Barber's Historical Collec- tion.-" : "Wolcottville, the principal village in the Town of Torrington, is situated in a valley near the southern boundary of the town, at the junction of the two branches of the Waterbury and Naugatuck rivers, twenty-six miles from Hartford, and forty from New Haven. The village consists of about forty dwellings, a hand- some Congregational Church, a three-story brick building used as a house of worship by various denominations (also as an academy), four mercantile stores, two taverns, a postoffice, and an extensive woolen factory, and an establishment for the manufacture of brass is now being erected. It is believed to be the only one of the kind at present in the United States." fat : MONUMENT ERE( TED TO THE MEMORY OF THE SISTERS OF MKKC'V. TORRINGTON WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 389 In [836 the first town meeting was held in the village, an innovation for the town, as all their meetings up to this time had hcen held on the hills. Until 1865 these elections and meetings were held in one of the three churches, but in the latter year the Methodists sold their meeting house to the town and it was changed into a village hall. The altar was taken out, but the pews remained in place for the accommodation of the town people. These meetings were held in this old Methodist Church until the new City Hall was erected in 1899. In [88] the name of the village was changed to Torrington by the Federal postoffice authorities, as there had been great confusion in the mails because of the two names by which the town and the village were designated, and because of there being a town named Wolcott in Connecticut. The Government changed the name of the village in the western part of the town from Torrington to West Torrington and gave the name of Torrington to the Village of Wolcottville. Tor- rington was incorporated as a borough in 1887, its limits being practically those of Wolcottville. Xo early historv of Torrington is complete without a mention of John Brown, of Harper's Fern- fame. He was born in the northwestern part of the town. May 9, 1800, and the old Brown homestead is still in existence, although very much dilapidated, and it is today owned by a John Brown Association, who are considering making a John Brown Museum of it in the future. Another noted man born on the eastern hills of the town was Samuel J. Mills, the father of foreign missions in America. A monument has been erected to his memory by the citizens of Torrington. THE FIRSf HIGHWAYS The first road in Torrington was nothing more than a trail which followed the line of the present highway through the center of Torringford to Litchfield, by way of what is now Old Litchfield Street, and Four-Story Hill. As early as 1734 travelers between Litchfield and the settlements on the Connecticut River were accustomed to use this trail. Gradually it became a well-known highway and was the first real road that connected Torrington with another settlement. The second highway was made about 1760, through its intersection with the road through from Torrington to Litchfield. This second highway was twenty feet wide and Main Street follows its course. Shortly after this second road was built, another was laid, from the intersection of the first and second roads, to West Torrington. The course of this highway was the same as that followed by Water Street. Migeon Avenue and the West Torrington Road. South Main Street was not laid until 1786. TORRINGFORD SETTLEMENT The first settler in Torringford was Abraham Dibble, or his son. the historian does not know which. Dibble came from Windsor in 1744. The second resident was Benjamin Bissell. who built a house near the 1 farwinton line the next spring. So far as recorded, there were in Torringford in October. 1759, 22 families, consisting of 166 persons, many of whom were small children. A petition was sent to the General Assembly at that time, asking that they be exempt from payment toward the support of Rev. Mr. Roberts, and that they be given permission to maintain worship among themselves. They were very poor and were anxious to be free from public taxes. The next spring another attempt was made to secure freedom from the burden of supporting the church, giving 390 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY as a reason, "their distance from the places of worship; the number of children and older people who could not go such distance regularly ; the expense attending the education of their children, clearing new farms, constructing highways, and the many inconveniences of a new country." But their request was not granted. This section of the town was called East Torrington until 1761, when New Hart- ford gave its consent to the annexation by Torrington of the four miles of the west tier of land for the support of the gospel ; and a church society was formed in 1763 under the name Torringford, the name being made from the names Tor- rington and New Hartford. The Torringford church was built in the summer of 1768. Torringford has always been an agricultural community, and has never engaged in industrial pursuits to any extent. The nearest to this was the brick industry conducted early in the last century on the hill above Burrville. The first real manufacturing industry in this section was the making of clocks at Holbrook Mills in Hart Hollow. Quite a business developed and a number of buildings were erected. As the natural outlet of the place was through Torring- ton, the inhabitants allied themselves with Torrington and attended church here. Holbrook Mills were established by Abijah Holbrook, who came from Bellingham, Mass., to Goshen, July, 1787, and purchased land in Hart Hollow. Mr. Holbrook is described by the historian as a "polished gentleman far in ad- vance of his generation in that particular." As evidence of the truth of this statement it is interesting to recall that he issued an emancipation proclamation sixty-five years before Lincoln issued his. He released a negro man and woman who had been his slaves. In his letter of emancipation he expressed the convic- tion that "all mankind by nature are entitled to equal liberty and freedom." Elijah Pond, his brother-in-law, came from Grafton, Mass., in 1790, and engaged in the mills and other enterprises with his brother-in-law. It was their intention to work the old iron mine on Walnut Mountain, but they gave up this plan after investigating the difficulties involved. y About 1800 Capt. Elisha Hinsdale came from Canaan to Hart Hollow and commenced the manufacture of scythes and axes, engaging also in general black- smithing. Hinsdale succeeded in building up considerable business. His products were carried by wagon to the Connecticut River, where they were shipped by water to many other states. Hinsdale also built a gristmill a little north of Hol- brook's on the Hall Meadow Brook. Abijah Holbrook died in 1812, and two years later his widow, Mary, sold all the interests to Erastus Lyman and Thearon Beach, of Goshen, for $2,150, and moved to Western New York. Elisha Hinsdale sold his property in 1816 to his brother and went west. After the death of Holbrook and the removal of Hins- dale, the business died out and now there is practically no sign of it. The close observer, however, may find here and there the ruins of an old house or shop building in Hart Hollow, and desolation rules. In February, 1813, Elijah B. Loomis, of New York, and Abner M. Warriner, f Torrington, entered into partnership and built a mill for the manufacturing of cotton, woolen and other goods at West Torrington, or Torrington Hollow, as it was then called. This plant was built near the bridge on the Goshen turnpike. After seven or eight months' operation it was mortgaged in September, 1813, to David Wadhams and David Thomas, of Goshen, to procure capital to continue business, but the mill did not prosper and in 1827 was sold for debt. The plant changed hands several times until it came into the possession of Eratus Hodges, who for a time conducted the business with some success. Then it was discon- tinued and Mr. Hodges and Norris North turned their attention to the clock- making business in 1820, and a couple of years later built a factory in West Tor- ■;, RUINS OF THE FIRST FACTORY OF GAIL BORDEN CONDENSED MILK COMPANY, BURRVILLE, NEAR TORRINGTON o H I— I w i— i s X X O WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 391 rington. This clock business continued for about four years and then went to pieces. After the clock-making business was discontinued in West Torrington, a lock factory was established. The leading spirit in this industry was George D. Wadhams. This also languished for a year or two, then died. The next industry to be started was that of making skates, which was continued here for several years and then removed to another town. The property vacated by the skate company in i86<) was used by Chester L. Smith, of Litchfield, for a toy factory. He made sleds for the children and continued the business successfully until his death in August, 1876. After his death, his successor conducted the business for some time. There was a gristmill below the site of the present bridge in 1800, but there is no record of the man who built it or how long it continued. The sawmill was built a little up the street, northeast of Wrightville, in the early part of the century, and in 1856 or 1857 Ormel Leach made some improvements in it. He ran it for a number of years ; then built the mill at West Torrington, which Willard H. Barber conducted for many years. Mr. Barber purchased the property in 1868. torrington's early industrial expansion The oldest manufacturing corporation of Torrington is the Warrenton Woolen Company, formerly the Union Mfg. Co., under which name it was conducted for half a century. \y In 1837 Francis Newman Holley, an iron founder of Salisbury, came to Wol- cottville. and with John Hungerford formed what was known as the Union Manufacturing Co. In 1849 Mr. Hungerford retired and George W. Slade joined Mr. Holley in the business. At this time they were manufacturing fine doe-skin. In 1856 a disastrous fire destroyed the plant, but it was immediately re-erected with improved equipment. In 1859 Ransom Holley, Samuel Workman and Jesse B. Rose became partners in the business and remained in it until 1873. In that year the Holley Bros, retired but remained active in the development of the vil- lage. In 1894 the present name, the Warrenton Woolen Company, was adopted. Francis Holley was one of the main factors in bringing the Naugatuck Rail- road to Wolcottville, he and others subscribing $75,000 toward the enterprise. In 1868 he organized the Wolcottville Savings Bank, of which he was president until his death in 1878. The new postoffice at the corner of W r ater and Prospect streets is on the site of what was the old Holley homestead. It is to Israel Coe that the town owes its greatest industry. In 1834 he pur- chased a mill privilege in Wolcottville and began the manufacture of brass kettles. His partner in the enterprise was Israel Holmes. In 1841 the partnership was changed to a corporation and the name of Wolcottville Brass Co. was adopted. Its capital was $56,000, and its first stockholders were Israel Coe, Anson G. Phelps and John Hungerford. In 1842 John Hungerford became president and in 1848 owned practically all of the stock. In 1863 Lyman W. Coe purchased the Wol- cottville Brass Co., with which he had been connected in 1845, and started under a new corporation name, the Coe Brass Mfg. Co. From this time on the brass industry began to advance and was enlarged later by the addition of the Ansonia plant of Wallace & Sons. On the formation of the American Brass Co. in 1898 the Coe Brass Co. became one of its subsidiaries. Lyman Wetmore Coe was Torrington's leading citizen from 1863 to the time of his death. It is an interesting fact that he was a lineal descendant of Ebenezer Lyman, first settler of Torrington, and of Jonathan Coe, who came to the village in 1735, and also of John Wetmore, .who united with the Torrington 392 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY church in 1758. Associated with Mr. Coe in the purchase of -the brass company were Elisha Turner and James S. Elton, who were then prominently connected with the Waterbury Brass Company. It was the friendship of Elisha Turner for Lyman W. Coe that induced the former to bring the Turner and Clark Mfg. Co. from Waterbury to Torrington. This firm also owned the Seymour Mfg. Co., and on May 18, 1863, the two companies joined their forces and elected directors of what was to be known as the Turner & Seymour Mfg. Co. In this same important year of 1863 Achille Migeon returned from New York to Torrington, where his parents were living, and organized the Union Hardware Co.. with a capital of $12,000. The first factory was located in what is now West Torrington, in a building which had been used in 1820 as a clock factory and later as a lock factory. George D. Wadhams was interested in the making of skates in this factory when it was sold to the Union Hardware Co. In 1865 the Union Hardware Co. moved into their new factory, which was built on the site of their present location. It was in September, 1863, that L. W. Coe purchased of Jesse B. Rose for $8,000 the property of the Wolcottville Knitting Co., consisting of land with factory buildings, store house, water-wheel, and machinery, dam and all water privileges, three houses, etc., and transferred the same to the Turner & Clark Mfg. Co., of Waterbury. In the following May, this company moved to what was then known as Wolcottville. Among the employees of the Turner & Clark Mfg. Co. in those early days was John Hendey, the father of Henry J. Hendey. The company also brought to Torrington the firm of Hopson & Brooks. This firm was then manufacturing suspender buckles in Waterbury. In June, 1864, it was purchased by the Turner & Clark Mfg. Co. It was in this factory on Water Street that the idea was first suggested and a machine was built for pointing the steel for making sewing machine needles by an improved method. The leading manufacturers of sewing machines were invited to Wolcott- ville to consider the new process, but refused to put any money into the venture. It was after this refusal, but not until 1866, that A. F. Migeon, Elisha Turner and Charles Alvord formed the Excelsior Needle Co. The swaging machines invented by Hopson & Brooks were from time to time greatly improved by Wil- liam H. Dayton. In fact, Mr. Dayton probably made more practical mechanical and labor-saving improvements for the benefit of Torrington than any other man, but, after all, it was the inventions of Orin L. Hopson and Heman T. Brooks which were responsible for the beginning and the growth of a great exclusive industry peculiar to Torrington. Prior to 1866, sewing machine needles had been made by slow milling process ; it was the Hopson & Brooks invention which decided Messrs. Migeon, Alvord and Turner to organize a company to exploit their ideas. From a paid-up capital stock of $15,000, with $10,000 in patents, it has grown, until today its capital stock is $1,000,000. Today it is owned by what is known as the Torrington Company, although the needle company still keeps its corporate existence. It manufactures besides needles, knitting machine needles, hook needles, spokes and nipples. The capitalists who control it today have capitalized it and its subsidiary companies at $4,000,000. Under another name, the Standard Spoke and Nipple Company, it manufactures only spokes and nipples. The Hendey Machine Company was founded in 1870 by Henry J. and Arthur Hendey, who began the making and repairing of iron machinery in a small shop, using for motive power a rotary steam engine built by one of the brothers. In 187 1 they took a lease on the East Branch Spoon Shop. In 1874 the Hendey THE TORRINGTON LIBRARY TORRTNGTON HIGH SCHOOL WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 39:] .Machine Company was organized with a capital stock of $16,000. This was later increased to $300,000, and is now $900,000. The company manufactures lathes, shapers, planers and ships them to all parts of the world. In [885 the Torrington Mfg. Co. started its organization with a capital stock of $25,000, manufacturing upholstery nails, novelties, special machinery and all kinds of brass turnings. In 1857 Charles Hotchkiss and his son, Edward C. Hotchkiss, purchased the old Wilson Mill property with the oldest known water privilege in that section. Henry Hotchkiss, another son, entered the firm in 1867.' In the early '80s, on the retirement of the father, the name was changed to Hotchkiss Brothers, and in [887, when Edward 11. Hotchkiss became a member, the name became Hotch- kiss Brothers & Company. It was not incorporated until May, 1891, and it has since become known as the Hotchkiss Bros. Co. Its capital stock at the time of its incorporation was $60,000. torrington's schools The first schoolhouse in the town was built inside the stockade of the fort at the Lyman place in 1741. The second was in Torringford in 1764. During the early years of the town's history the educational facilities consisted largely of private schools, of which there were four at different times. The Torringford school was essentially a public institution and was supported by a tax levied on property in that section of the town. This tax was at first "penny half-penny on the pound," but in 1770 the tax was 4 shillings on the pound. The school was under the direction of the Torringford School Society. Later in 1823 Epaphras Goodman founded an academy in Torringford. This academy was of a rather select character and- was for the teaching of advanced subjects. It continued for nearly thirty years and turned out a considerable number of students who later became prominent in public life. Wolcottville schools grew out of the experience gained by the Torringford School Society. The Wolcottville school district was not formed until 1812, and there were no taxes for this district until 1815, although a schoolhouse had been built on Main Street, just north of where the W. W. Mertz Company store now stands. It is probable that this was erected by popular subscription. This first schoolhouse consisted of only one room until 1818, when another was added. About 1840 a one-story brick schoolhouse was built on Litchfield Street, and a year later another on George Street. Three years later another was built on Church Street, west of where the railroad now is. In 1859 Lauren Wetmore gave to the town the land where stood the high school building, which was destroyed by fire in 1913. The original section of that building was erected in 1863. This school was called the Academy. The school on George Street was abandoned at this time. The first principal was Lucius Clark, who was also in charge of the new school during the first two years after its erection. The schools of the! town were consolidated in the latter part of 1863. There was also in the early' part of the century a school in West Torrington, which had been erected by the joint efforts of several men, one of whom was Erastus Hodges. This school was ntinued for some thirty years. There was an institution called the Brick Academy, established in the early days of Wolcottville on Main Street, south of the Center Bridge. The town has fourteen school buildings, including those under construction. Of these six are, or will be when completed, of fine modern construction. In the last three years Torrington has appropriated between $600,000 and 394 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY $700,000 for new school buildings. This includes the new Grammar School on Riverside Avenue, the one on Church Street, the South School and the new high school which is also in part a graded school. The new high school building, known as the Center School building, which cost $300,000, is one of the finest in the country. The Grammar School at River- side cost $120,000, and that on Church Street will cost $150,000. The site of the new high school building is on Church, extending through from Prospect to Barber Street. The frontage is about 233 feet on Church Street and 220 feet on Prospect Street. The capacity is about 1,000 pupils. There is a minimum of corridor space. There are two courts, and all rooms, including auditorium and gymnasium, are lighted by outside windows, without any impair- ment of light. Upon the first floor there are, in addition to the executive departments, ten class rooms for grammer grades, toilet and locker rooms with emergency rooms or hospitals for both sexes, and the auditorium with stagehand dressing rooms. On the second floor there are five class rooms for grammar grades ; a high school study hall for no pupils with three class or recitation rooms in connection with it ; a room 24 by 30 for the school library ; the commercial department, two large rooms ; toilet and locker rooms for boys and girls, and a rest room for women teachers ; the gallery of the auditorium. Upon each floor the several class rooms are so arranged that they may be thrown together into larger rooms if de- sired. The third floor, which is devoted entirely to the high school, provides two study halls for no pupils each, with six class or recitation rooms; the science department ; drawing department ; two teachers' rooms ; toilet and locker rooms for pupils. The science department consists of two large laboratories with a lecture room and five smaller rooms conveniently arranged for specimens, preparation work, supplies, apparatus, etc. The equipment with its desks, tables, ample hoods, cases, etc., is complete and perfect. The hoods and tables are finished with stone tops and fully equipped with gas, water, air blast, electricity, etc. The drawing de- partment consists of two large rooms. The auditorium seats 650 on the main floor, 300 on the gallery, and 80 on the stage. On the main floor five exits with a width of 35 feet are provided for front of room, and additional exits are provided near the stage, in side walls. For the gallery there are three exits with a width of 21 feet. Main floor and gallery are entered from level of corridor without steps and entrance. The room is designed with special reference to its acoustic properties. The gymnasium is so arranged that it can be used by boys or girls at will. The height is such that a running track may be put in if desired. The rear en- trance permits the gymnasium to be used evenings without the occupants having access to the balance of the building. The Board of Education is as follows : Thomas W. Bryant, George E. Cook, Charles H. Alvord, John Calhoun, Dr. T. M. Ryan, Wm. Fred Mills, Wm. A. Glecson, Rev. Otto Seidenstuecker, Frederick W. Fuessenich. The superintendent (if schools is George J. Vogel. CHURCHES OF TORRINGTON As early as 1739, while the settlement consisted of only a few families, the 1 leneral Assembly was presented with a memorial bearing the names of twenty- live men who prayed to be organized into a society, and that taxes might be THE THIRD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, TORRINGTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, TORRINGTON WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 395 imposed for the "support of a gospel ministry." History records the organization of a church October 21, 1741, with the Rev. Nathaniel Roberts as pastor, and there is reason for thinking that he preached in Torrington at least a portion of the time during the first year of the existence of the ecclesiastical society. Foi over thirty years this first church in Torrington was known as "The Church of Christ in Torrington." Like many other churches in the state at that time it was sometimes referred to as Presbyterian, though without any connection what- ever with the Presbyterian Church. Some time after the death of its first pastor, in March. 1776, it took the denominational name of Congregational. Thus came into existence what is now the First Congregational Church of Torrington. The Torringford church was the next organized, probably in September, 1764. The society was incorporated in October the year before, and held its first meet- ing under the name of "Torringford" the following December. The reason, or rather the condition, which led 10 the organization of this second church, and a plea which largely influenced the Legislature in granting it rights of a separate body, was the existence of the deep and dangerous swamp which the people in that section of the town were obliged to traverse in order to reach the First church. With these two churches rests the history of Congregationalism in Torrington for more than the next sixty years. It was not until December 3, 1829, that the first organized movement for the establishment of what is now the Center Congregational Church was instituted. This movement resulted in the formation of the "Village Society of Torrington," and was brought about largely by Capt. L T ri Taylor, whose name is memorial- ized in one of the handsome windows, unveiled in 1900. For nearly twenty years the gospel had been preached in YYolcottville (now the Borough of Torrington) by various ministers of different denominations, the people assembling at one place and another, not having any established house of worship nearer than the two churches above described. Captain Taylor manfully and promptly stepped in and led off in the erection of a house of worship. He therefore gave the land and built thereon a Congregational meeting-house, the building now occupied in part as a library and in part as a school on the corner of Church and Prospect streets, before either the society or the church was organized. Others aided but on him rested the greater part of the responsibility of the undertaking. He built the parsonage the same way. and "passed the whole property, of meeting house and minister's dwelling, into the hands of the society, without any claims except the reservation of one pew in the church for his descendants as long as they shall choose, or shall be here to occupy it." This being: done, a meetine; was called "of the inhabitants of Wolcottville, at Capt. Uri Taylor's, December 3, 1829, to take into consideration the expediency of forming an ecclesiastical society." This meeting voted, "That we whose names are hereafter annexed do consider ourselves as formed into an ecclesiastical so- ciety to be known by the name of The Village Society of Torrintgon.' ' Those to become members of the society soon numbered thirty-two. Their names fol- low: Lyman Wetmore, John Hungerford, Jr., William Leach, Joel Hall. Daniel S. Rogers, George P. Bissell, Harmon Cook. George D. Wadhams, Luther Bissell, Lauren Wetmore, Elijah Phelps, Samuel Beach, Amasa Scoville. Leverett Scott, Elizur Barber, John W. Scoville, David Baldwin, Samuel Brooker, William Olcott, Amos Wilson, John Cook, Israel Coe, Anson Stocking. Asa G. Adams, Charles S. Church, Arvid Dayton. Joseph Barrett, Linus Dunbar, George P. Roberts, Russell C. Abernethy, and William S. Flungerford. Shortly after the forming of the society at this meeting an arrangement was made with the Rev. William R. Gould, then pastor of the First church, 396 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY whereby he was to preach in the Wolcottville meeting-house two-fifths of the Sabbaths for one year, the other three-fifths of the Sabbaths to be given to the Torrington church. Air. Gould was dismissed from the Torrington church in February, 1832, and the Wolcottville worshippers at the meeting-house were obliged to get their preaching from other quarters until the church was organ- ized on June 11, 1832, which was done after the order of the denomination by a committee of the Litchfield North consociation. The charter membership num- bered twenty-nine, twenty-one being received by letter and eight by profession of faith, as follows : David Baldwin, Mrs. Sarah Baldwin, Sarah Ann Baldwin, Elizur Barber, Mrs. Polly Barber, Mrs. Lucy Bissell, Ruth Brooks, Rebecca Good- man, Sarah Hungerford, Mrs. Charlotte Hungerford, Mrs. Elizabeth Eno, Mrs. Ursula Frost, Nancy S. Goodman, John Hungerford, Abigail Taylor, Lyman Wetmore, Mrs. Betsey Wetmore, Lauren Wetmore, Louisa Wetmore, Leverett Scott, Mrs. Leverett Scott, Sarah Wilcox, Lydia Kimberly, Maria S. North, Ruhama Smith, George D. Wadhams, and Mrs. Lucy Wadhams — twenty-two . women and seven men. The church being thus organized, the "Village Society," at a meeting held August 30, 1832, voted unanimously to call the Rev. Hiram P. Arms, D. D., to become the pastor of the church and society. He accepted the call and was installed February 7, 1833, serving until July 6, 1836. The Sunday school, which now numbers on its rolls over five hundred scholars, had its beginning in 1827, while the first meeting house was yet unfinished. It was started by Mrs. Charlotte Hungerford, who used to meet a handful of scholars in the gallery of the unfinished building, and has grown steadily to its present pro- portions. The meeting-house given to the society through the generosity of Captain Taylor was made to do service for about thirty-seven years. Its interior was so remodeled in 1844 as to practically make it a second meeting-house. The agitation for a new church edifice took on practical form in 1864, when a committee reported $4,375 subscribed for that purpose. This subscription was increased to $5,000, of which $3,500 was to be used for reconstruction and $1,500 for a conference room. Lauren Wetmore was empowered to contract for the work. "This," says Doctor Perrin in his memorial sermon, delivered July 9, 1876, "was the opening wedge of the protracted, perplexing, and nobly sustained effort of the society, which gave us finally, after long continued struggles, this solid, chaste, and truly beautiful granite edifice as a Sabbath home." The population of Torrington in those days did not exceed 2,500 and while the Congregational communion had outgrown its first church home the member- ship was still a comparatively very poor one to what it is today. It included few men of large means, in fact none, as wealth is now regarded. But the indebted- ness was paid and the church continued to grow until the need of still larger quarters was felt. This want was met by the noble efforts of the consecrated women, who, in 1880, built a frame chapel or parish house on the south of the church, at a cost of $3,000. 'I he first practical steps were taken during the spring and summer of 1897. At the annual meeting of the society, held April 12th, of that year, the question of enlarging was discussed and the society's committee was authorized and in- structed to make investigation looking to the improvement of the church property, the providing of additional room, to prepare plans for the same, to make such recommendation as it might deem desirable, and to report to some future meeting. The contract as finally let provided that the parish house should be built first and finished so that it could he used for the regular services of the church while ST. FRANCIS CATHOLIC CHURCH, TORRIXGTOX monument at torringford to mark the site of first meeting house WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 397 the church proper was being rebuilt. This, of course, required more time than would ordinarily be taken to do the work. The old chapel was moved down to the walk, where it continued to be used for Sunday school and society purposes until the new building was finished. In 1899 it was removed to Pearl Street by the French Congregationalists, to whom it had been donated, and now, after being remodeled, serves them as a neat and comfortable house of worship. The new parish house was occupied early in May. 1900. It is a unique and commodious building. ( >n the first or main floor is located the parlor, with a bay window looking out upon the lawn and street. Sliding doors connect it on the west with the Sunday school room, which is also divided by sliding doors into two rooms to accommodate the primary and kindergarten departments. The larger room is used for prayer meeting and other weekly services. For social purposes the whole floor is thrown into one large room. On the second floor are located the pastor's study and a large room fronting on Main Street. The seating capacity of the church before it was reconstructed was 353. Today there are in round numbers, sitting accommodations for 700 people, besides the 353 seats that may, when occasion demands, be secured by opening the sliding doors on the first and second floors of the parish house. These extra available seats command almost as good a view of the chancel, choir and organ as is to be obtained from any point of the nave. The church now has about seven hundred members. The officers of the Congregational churches in 1917 are as follows: First Congregational Church, pastor, Rev. E. H. Burt; clerk, Levi Hodges; treasurer, Willard A. Cowles. Second Congregational Church, at Torringford, pastor, Rev. Wesley E. Page : clerk and treasurer, Wm. L. Durand. Center Congregational Church, pastor, Rev. Charles T. Patched ; clerk. Frank M. Jeffrey. The French Congregational Church was organized in 1897, located at 49 E. Pearl Street. John F. Alvord has erected a beautiful small chapel in Hillside Cemetery in memory of his parents, Charles and Almira Burtis Alvord. It was dedicated in 1913. Trinity Protestant Episcopal Church Parish was organized in 1843, and a building was erected at the corner of Prospect and Water streets the following year. Rev. Henry Zell became first pastor, in January, 1845. The present edifice was built in 1898. The church property has been added to by gift and purchase until it is now one of the most valuable in the county. The parish house was built in 1910. This structure served as a temporary hospital during the typhoid fever epidemic of 1911. The parish has over eight hundred com- municants. Rev. J. Chauncey Linsley has been rector since July, 1895. The Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1810, in Newfield. The congregation met in the old meeting house there, which was also used by other denominations. The first house of worship was built in Wolcottville, in 1843. The Methodists had held services in Wolcottville during fifty-three years pre- ceding that date, but there was no real church home. The structure built in 1843 was later used as a town hall. The present building was erected in 1865. The membership is now about four hundred and fifty. The president of the board of trustees is F. L. Braman. The Rev. Fred F. Yoorhees is pastor. The first sendee of Calvary Baptist Congregation was held in a temporary church, December 8. 1895, but the organization was not perfected until April 398 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 13, 1896. The new church was dedicated October 27, 1897. It has today a mem- bership of about two hundred, and a new pastor (Rev. W. T. Aiken) is to begin his services sometime in the fall. The clerk is W. E. Bennett, and the treasurer, Benjamin B. Phillips. The Advent Church meets at 44 Barker Street. Its pastor is Rev. Jefferson H. Batson. The Sons of Jacob, a Jewish organization, hold services in their synagogue at 22.7 E. Main Street. The rabbi is Rev. Harry Radetsky. It was organized two years ago. The African M. E. Zion Congregation meets at 60 Brightwood Avenue. Its pastor is Edward A. Carroll. About thirty-seven years ago the German residents formed St. Paul's Ger- man Lutheran Church, holding services first in the Center Congregational Church and later in the Methodist Church. On January 6, 1895, the first service was held by Rev. E. Zwinger. In 1900, Rev. Mr. Zwinger was succeeded by Rev. Otto Seidenstuecker, the present pastor, who came from Collinsville, where he had been pastor of St. Matthew's German Lutheran Church. During these years the congregation was continually increasing. In 1903 a bell was installed in the belfry of the church, and the following year a pipe organ, which is still used, was bought from Trinity Church. In 1908 it was found necessary to enlarge the interior of the church and install a gallery, the latter seating over two hundred people. The first Roman Catholic service in Torrington was held in 1835, in the building now known as the O'Brien Block, on South Main Street. This first service was held by Rev. James Fitten. Then, until 1842, no services are known to have been held, but in that year Rev. John Brady, of Hartford, began to hold services once a year in the house of Richard Hennessey, in the western part of the village. In 1848, Rev. Michael O'Neile, of Waterbury, was appointed to administer to the spiritual wants of the Catholics of the village. Father O'Neile purchased a lot on the east side of Main Street, in 1851, and this was the nucleus of the present site of St. Francis Church, the parochial residence, the convent and the parochial school. The first church building was built in 1859-60. Another plot of land was purchased in 1884, and September 13, 1886, the corner- stone of the present structure was laid. It was finished in 1888, and the parochial residence was erected in 1888. The convent and school buildings, with the excep- tion of the newest, were built in 1891. The first resident pastor was Rev. Father Isaiah, O. S. F., appointed in 1874. He was succeeded by Rev. John H. Duggan, in 1877, who served for two years, and was succeeded by Rev. Patrick Duggan, who was pastor until 191 1. He was succeeded by Rev. Arthur O'Keefe, the present pastor. The church has nearly two thousand communicants. In 1914 a new $5,000 pipe organ was installed. St. Peter's Italian Roman Catholic Church was partially erected in 1908 on Center Street. At present services are held in the stone basement. The pastor is Rev. Salvatore Bonforti. Its membership is 2,000. The Sacred Heart (Slovak Roman Catholic) Church has recently been organ- ized. It has its church at no Grove Street. The pastor is Rev. Stephen J. Panik. torrington's banks The Brooks Bank & Trust Company is the successor of the Brooks National Bank, which became a state financial institution early in 1917. It was founded EPISCOPAL CHURCH, TORRINGTON WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 399 in 1872 as Brooks Brothers, Bankers, the organizers being Isaac W. and John W. Brooks. The institution became a national bank in 1899. Its capital stock is $100,000. Its surplus and profits are $115,000. The deposits are over one million dollars. The officers are : John N. Brooks, president ; Charles L. McNeil, vice presi- dent ; H. E. Munson, treasurer; A. F. Austin, assistant treasurer. The Torrington Savings Bank was founded as The YVolcottville Savings Bank, in 1868, Francis M. Holley being its first president. Isaac M. Brooks took the bank over soon after. Its deposits July I, 1917, were $2,521,289.45. Its total assets, $2,632,436.07. The president is John N. Brooks ; treasurer, John M. Wadhams. The Torrington National Bank was founded in 1899 by its present stock- holders. In July, 1916, it increased its capital from $100,000 to $200,000. Its surplus and profits are $160,000. Deposits are about three millions. On June 1, 1917, it moved into its fine new building which it had erected at a cost of $75,000. The Torrington Trust Company was founded December 18, 1916. Its savings depositors number 1,650, with deposits of $200,000. It has $100,000 on deposit in checking accounts. Its officers are: President, Harry J. Wylie ; treasurer, Frank M. Baldwin. torrington's chamber of commerce Torrington's Chamber of Commerce has been in existence for over twenty- five years, starting as a business men's association. It has within the past few years erected a fine three-story building, on North Main Street, at a cost, includ- ing site, of $82,000. Its president is James E. Mallette ; secretary, Frank M. Jeffrey ; treasurer, John H. Seaton. The Employers' Association of Litchfield County also have offices in the Chamber of Commerce Building. Its president is L. G. Kibbe ; secretary, George H. Atkins ; treasurer, F. M. Travis. THE TORRINGTON LIBRARY The Torrington Library was founded on October 22, 1864, by a group of what were then Wolcottville residents, each supplying a quantity of books. It was known as the Wolcottville Library Association. Early in 1865 the library and reading room were opened to the public. During its first fifteen years it occupied rooms in the Granite Block. In 1880 it was removed to larger quarters, in the Wetmore Building, on the corner of Church and Prospect streets, subsequently called the Library Building. In 1881 it became known as the Torrington Library Association, and in 1899 it was offi- cially incorporated as the "Torrington Library." The library owes its present equipment to two Torrington benefactors, Lauren Wetmore and Elisha Turner. The former, who died in 1890, gave to the public for "the establishment of a free public library and reading room," the income from the Wetmore Building and personal property to the value of $20,000. Elisha Turner, in 1899, gave the site and present magnificent library structure to Torrington. Mr. Turner died in 1900 and willed a total, including his previous gift, of $100,000 to the association. The dedication took place in 190T. The building is of white marble in a sim- ple treatment of the Neo-Greek style of architecture. It has a stack capacity of 42,000 volumes. Including the late Mr. Turner's collection of rare volumes, 400 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY a further gift, the lihrary now has on its shelves 14,000 volumes. G. H. Welch is president of the association and Miss L. T. Mason is librarian. torrington's y. m. c. a. Torrington's Y. M. C. A. was organized on April 7, 1890, its principal sup- porters being Isaac Brooks, Charles Alvord, Lyman Coe and Elisha Turner. Mr. Turner gave the site for the building and in 1891 this was erected. In 1897 the debt on the building was paid. The Y. M. C. A. has now purchased the lot next to its present site, and hopes to have its new fund large enough to build a magnificent structure next year. It has at present a membership of 250. Its officers are: Harry J. Wylie, president; W. A. Cowles, vice president; John M. Wadhams, treasurer; recording secretary, Mason Turner; general sec- retary, L. H. Avery. The Women's Auxiliary of the Y. M. C. A. has as officers : President, Mrs. Anne Klein; secretary, Jessie F. Capell; treasurer, Mrs. G. H. Wilcox. THE CHARLOTTE HUNGERFORD HOSPITAL The Charlotte Hungerford Hospital, the gift of U. T. Hunger ford as a memorial to his mother, was dedicated October 4, 19 16, and gives Torrington one of the finest institutions of this kind in the country. During the first few months of its occupancy it has given such service to the borough and town that a further enlargement will be only a matter of a few years. The hospital is situated in the southwestern part of the borough, near the summit of Four-Story Hill, to the north of the old road to Litchfield, a continu- ation of Old Litchfield Street. A driveway of easy grade winds up from Old Litchfield Street to the crest of the shoulder of the hill upon which the hospital stands. From this site there is one of the most picturesque views to be had in the Naugatuck Valley, and from it the eye sweeps over the eastern hills of Torringford, far up the valley toward Winchester, and even discerns the hills of Norfolk. The rocks and bushes have been cleared away around the hospital and there will be eventually a finely developed park. The building is entirely fireproof, three-story and basement administration building, with a two-story extension containing the principal wards. The prin- cipal entrance is in the middle of the east front of the administration building, a little below the first floor level, and marble steps lead to the entrance hall on the first floor. From this hall, which has a marble floor and marble pillars support- ing ornamental ceiling beams, open the offices, the reception and waiting rooms and the elevator, as well as the corridors leading to other parts of the building. On the west is the ambulance entrance with a well equipped accident or admit- ting room. At the south, on the first and second floors, are the lar^e wards with enclosed sun parlor at the end. Adjoining them on each floor are the patients' dining room, the serving room equipped with refrigerator, steam table, sink and cup- boards, and connected with the kitchen by dumb waiter; the isolation ward, the linen room and patients' bath rooms. On the second floor, besides the large ward and the room adjoining it, there are six one-bed wards, two two-bed wards, and one four-bed ward. Four of the small wards have private baths. In a recess from the hall, on both first and second floors, is a nurses' station with a desk and medicine cupboard, and tele- phone and nurses' call signals. v. z H — o x O P o 2 a H H O = _ W'ATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 401 The third floor is divided and the northerly section is the operation suite. The operating room has a large window towards the north ; the walls are wain- scoted with large slahs of white opaque glass and the floor is of white tiles. Nearby is the anesthetizing room, the sterilizing room, the instrument room, the doctors' lavatory with bath room and lockers, and the nurses' lavatory with bath. The remainder of the third floor is occupied by two rooms which will be used for X-ray equipment, and four-bed and one-bed maternity wards, and the neces- sary service rooms in connection with them. From the third floor hall, wide glass doors open out on the roof over the two- story extension which is paved with tile and affords a large, airy promenade with a shelter roof at the end against the building. In the basement are the kitchen and serving room with store rooms, refrigera- tors, etc., dining rooms for nurses, and for the help, laboratory, and some bed- rooms for the help. There are two wide, easy staircases enclosed with fireproof wall and fireproof doors and with outside doors at the bottom of each. There is also another staircase at the extreme end of the large ward so that the building is unusually well provided with means of egress. TORRINGTON'S NEWSPAPERS THE REGISTER The Torrington Register is one of the leading papers in the Naugatuck valley and its weekly edition is the oldest newspaper in the borough. Its first issue appeared August 8, 1874 with Harry Bolton as editor. He disposed of it in 1877 to Charles James, of the Millerton (New York) Telegram and he in 1880 sold it to E. A. Hayes, of the Southington (Connecticut) Phoenix. In 1882 Henry M. White, of Northampton, Massachusetts, bought a half interest, later taking- over the entire property. Until 1889 it was conducted as a weekly and as the town had grown by leaps there was a general demand for a daily, and this was then started, the weekly also continuing to appear regularly. In 1889 Mr. White erected a two story building on Water Street and the papers were issued from this location until 1905 when its present large and splendidly-equipped building was put up. On July 8, 1898 the present corporation was formed and a small daily called the Item which had been run for a few months was merged with the Register which then became the property of its present stockholders. In 1913 and 19 1 4 the building was enlarged, and the company now owns one of the best newspaper equipments in the State. The Register is issued as an eight to sixteen page paper. In politics it is independent. The officers of the company are: Edward H. Hotchkiss, president; Thomas \Y. Bryant, vice president; James A. Doughty, secretary and treasurer ; directors., Geo. W. Peterson ; Frederick W. Fuessenich; John W. Alvard and Elisha Steele. TORRIXGTOX NEWS The Torrington News, published by the News Publishing Company, Inc., issued its first number containing eight pages on April 17, 1916. That there was a demand for the paper is evident from the fact that fifteen hundred paid-in-advance subscriptions were secured before the machinery was installed. Since July, 1916, the paper has made a remarkable advance in regard to its appearance, its adver- tisers' list and its circulation. On May 22, 1917, the News removed to the new Weston block, No. 120 Water Street. It began as a one cent paper, but changed its price on June 11, 1917, to two cents. Its present officers are: president. S. Carl Fischer; secretary, Mrs. James W. Connell ; treasurer, James W. Connell. Vol. 1—26 402 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY torrington's elks club house Torrington, on March i, 1916, opened its new Elks Club House. The build- ino- is two stories high with mezzanine floor and basement. The exterior is of red tapestry brick with steps, copings and other trimmings of marble. The scheme of ornamentation is Colonial. Over the central opening on the second story entablature is "B. P. O. Elks 372." The cornice is of old Doric style and the parapet above has an ornamented clock face indicating 11 o'clock. The win- dows are in keeping with the Colonial style and have small panes. The basement extends under the entire main part of the building and in it are the grill room, buffet, three bowling alleys, kitchen, toilet and dressing rooms with lockers, and baths with shower attachments. On the first floor the front doors open into a lobby extending to the main staircase. To the right of the entrance is the secretary's office with vault for the storage of valuables, and to the left is a reception room. The entrances to the smoking and billiard rooms are on each side of the staircase. On the second floor are social and writing rooms, a ladies' parlor and the lodge room. The latter occupies the entire rear part of this floor. On the mez- zanine floor are seven excellently arranged bedrooms, with hot and cold running water in each one. Baths and the entrance to the gallery of the lodge room are also on this floor. torrington's parks Coe Memorial Park, which was the homestead of Lyman Wetmore Coe and his wife, Eliza Seymour Coe, has been given in the memory of their parents, by their children, to the Town of Torrington. The artistic, rough-hewn boulder which bears a suitable inscription of the gift was unveiled June 1, 1909. It is in the heart of the borough and is one of the most beautiful of the smaller parks of New England. John F. Alvord has just given the town forty-five acres as the site for a park. This is \]/ 2 miles north of Torrington, on the trolley line. It is yet to be laid out. HISTORY OF TORRINGTON'S CEMETERIES Hillside Cemetery, in which the Alvord Memorial Mortuary Chapel has been erected, is situated on a hill in the southwestern part of the town. The cemetery is sixty-four acres in area. This cemetery came into being eleven years ago, and was intended to sup- plant the old Center Cemetery as a future burial place for the dead. Center Cemetery had become full, or practically so; leading men of the town foresaw a time when another burial place would be absolutely necessary, and they began to plan for such an eventuality with the result that Hillside Cemetery was provided. Center Cemetery, in the heart of the borough, was established in the early days of Wolcottville, and no one ever dreamed that the village would grow and expand to its present proportions. This cemetery was controlled by the Wolcott- ville School Society. The rapid growth of the town in the twenty years from 1885 to 1905 caused an unexpected demand for plots, and the desirable burial sites were nearly exhausted, and no other suitable land adjoining was available. In the spring of 1906 the question of some provision for the future became more pressing and among those who were active in an effort to solve the prob- TORRINUTON LODGE, NO. 372, B. P. O. E. WATKkr.l'RY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 403 lem, and whose faithful and zealous work was regarded, should he mentioned the following citizens: Orsamus R. Fyler, Isaac W. Brooks, Robert C. Swayze, John F. Alvord, James A. Doughty, Luther G. Turner, Edward H. Hotchkiss, Charles H. Alvord, Frederick F. Fuessenich, Elisha J. Steele, Frank M. Travis and Willard A. Rorahack. The prohlem of finding available land within proper distance of the borough, combining the qualifications necessary for a cemetery site in area, drainage, nature of soil and reasonable freedom from rock was one that required much study and investigation. Various sites were suggested, which, because of failure to meet the conditions required in one or more particulars, were rejected. The A. P. Hine property, on the hill overlooking the town from the south, was first suggested by James A. Doughty at a meeting held June 27, 1906. Sound- ings were made which indicated the suitability of the ground for burial purposes, and the location, with many natural advantages, commended itself to the judg- ment of the men especially interested. A canvass to secure the money with which to purchase and improve the property was started, but the progress was slow almost to the point of discouragement. At a meeting held September 15, 1906, a generous offer was received from Mrs. Elizabeth F. Migeon to purchase and deed to an association formed for the purpose of procuring and establishing Hillside Cemetery the land south of the borough known as the Hine tract, and to erect a suitable entrance and gate- way for that portion which the association should decide to lay out and improve, provided that a sufficient sum of money, the amount to be determined by the association, be raised for the purpose of improving and keeping up this tract. Lnder the inspiration of this gift, the work of raising the necessary money went forward rapidly, and on December 28, 1906, announcement was made that the required fund had been subscribed. It was laid out by Olmsted Brothers, the famous landscape architects of Boston. torrington's borough history Since its organization as a borough in 1887, Torrington has had nine war- dens: Henry J. Hendey, 1887; Lyman W. Coe, 1888-1889; Walter S. Lewis, 1890; James Alldis, 1891-1897; James A. Doughty, 1898-1902; George D. Work- man, 1903-1904; William H. Dayton, 1905-1911 ; Russell C. Blakeslee, 1912-1915; Frank E. Coe, 1916-1917. The following table shows the growth of the Grand List of the Borough of Torrington : 1892 $3,269,991.00 1905 $6,417,470.00 1893 3,412,584.00 1906 6.656.409.00 1894 3,588,249.00 1907 8.316,400.00 1895 3,762,079.00 1908 8,316.400.00 1896 3,929,113.00 1909 9,203,425.00 1897 4,479,206.00 1910 9,374,057.00 1898 4,903,227.00 I9T T 10,014,263.00 1899 5,279,609.00 1912 10,182,332.00 I900 5,886,566.00 1913 14,221,592.00 I90I 6,109,693.00 I9I4 14,626,791.00 I90 2 5.975-592O0 1915 I4,739,99I-00 I9O3 6,016,663.00 I9l6 15,020,875.00 I9O4 6,214,765.00 1917 I5,8l4,214.00 404 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY Following is its pavement record since 1906 up to January 1, 1917: Street Pavement Year Sq. Yard Cost South Main Tarvia 1913 2,053.00 $ 1,731.91 South Main Amiesite 1916 3,995.00 6,098.18 Water Tarvia 1909 1,872.00 1,651.28 Water Tarvia 1910 1,805.00 1,651.57 Litchfield Tarvia 1913 944- 22 9 8 5-47 Totals 10,669.22 $12,1 18.41 Plans for a $35,000 sewage disposal plant are now under consideration. There are now in use substantially five miles of storm sewers. The fire depart- ment inventory shows an equipment valued at approximately seventy-five thou- sand dollars, with 160 hydrants available and nearly fifty fire alarm boxes. The present "City Hall," which is so-called in the hope that Torrington will soon be incorporated as a city, was first used in 1899. Previous to 1865 the meet- ings were held in the churches. In 1865 the old Methodist Meeting-house was purchased and altered into a Town Hall. The borough officers on January 1, 1917, were: Warden, Frank E. Coe ; burgesses. Mahlon S. Foley, Frederick H. Baldwin, John DeMichiel, Howard J. Castle, Harry Vaill and Constant Bouillon ; clerk, Carl B. Ekvall ; treasurer, John H. Seaton ; borough sheriff, Wilf ord A. Sears ; collector, Patrick Phalen ; auditors, Henry J. Wylie, Dennie Hildreth ; health officer, Dr. Elias Pratt ; borough engi- neer. Charles A. Patterson ; superintendent of streets, Harry I. Holcomb ; chief of police, William E. Nevin ; captain of police, Nicholas Calabrese ; judge of Borough Court, Bernard E. Higgins ; prosecuting attorney, Thomas J. Wall ; judge of Probate Court, Wiltard A. Roraback ; chief engineer, Fire Department, E. J. Kelley. The town officers are : Selectmen, Charles S. Newcomb, Francis N. Hopkins, Peter J. Cavanaugh ; assessors, Louis Longhi, George H. Atkins, Charles W. Volk- man ; town clerk, Wm. A. Gleeson ; town treasurer, John N. Brooks. o to 00 H o W n H CO I— i CO CHAPTER XXXIV WINSTED IN THE HILLS ITS HISTORY FROM COLONIAL DAYS WINSTED BOROUGH — POLICE AND FIRE DEPART- MENTS — LIGHTING — SCHOOLS PUBLIC LIBRARY HOSPITAL CHURCHES NEWSPAPERS ITS INDUSTRIES BANKS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Y. M. C. A. WINSTED CLUB. Winsted, situated at the head of the Naugatuck Valley, at an elevation of 1,000 feet, amid the picturesque hills of Litchfield County, is one of those thrifty, progressive manufacturing towns for which New England is noted. Its site is in many respects an ideal one. It is at the northern terminus of the Naugatuck division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad, — three hours' ride from New York City, and less than two hours from Waterbury, Bridgeport, and New Haven. Winsted is the natural gateway to northwestern Connecticut and the Berkshire hills, and is the trading center for over a score of towns and villages, having a population of 30,000 people. The adjoining town on the west is Norfolk, which is noted for its beautiful- country estates and villas. A trolley line connects Winsted with Torrington, ten miles dowm the valley, and it is expected that in the future the link between Torrington and Thomaston will be built, thus giving Winsted trolley connections with the rest of the Con- necticut Company's trolley system. There are three stage routes leading into Winsted, one from Montville, Mass., via New Boston, Mass., Colebrook River, Robertsville and Riverton ; a second from Sandisfield, Mass., via South Sandisfield, Mass., North Colebrook and Colebrook, and the third from Winchester Center. Winsted is an ideal manufacturing town. Mad river, a magnificent stream of water, comes tumbling down the gorges and uniting with the overflow from Highland Lake, which forms a great reservoir of 489 acres, circles through the town, affording many valuable water privileges. There are over twenty-five going concerns, turning out a surprisingly large variety of products, among which are clocks and regulators, brass, steel and iron pins, hair pins and clips, men's hosiery, underwear, coffin hardware and undertakers' materials, upholstery hardware, house trimmings, electric and gas portables and fixtures, bronzes, art glass domes and shades, lamps, candelabras, ink stands, pocket cutlery, chisels, drawing knives, gauges, scythes, hay and corn knives, cranes, lifts, derricks, bolts, milling and other machine tools, special machinery, lumber, sash doors, blinds, spool and embroidery silk, piano stools, chairs, sheet brass and copper goods numbering over 3,000 articles, etc. The splendid railroad connections permit quick shipments to all points. A superb water system constructed at great expense and owned by the town has been in use for years. The town now has a modern sewer system and has during the past year installed a model garbage collection plant. There are efficient fire and police departments. There are many miles of excellent side- walks and all the principal streets are macadamized as well as the main roads 405 406 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY leading into town, totaling about fifteen miles. Winsted has just finished laying about one and one-half miles of a Warrenite (asphaltic) road. Over $120,000 has been expended, mostly by the state, in the improvement of the four principal roads leading respectively to Norfolk, Colebrook River, New Hartford and Torrington. Winchester is the town with which the borough has recently been merged, and connected with the town building is the courthouse, where the greater part of the court business of the county is done. There are five schools and some beautiful churches, and five flourishing hotels whose reputation for excellent service extends far beyond the limits of the state. There is a $30,000 theatre, two national banks having capital, surplus and undivided profits of over $600,000, and deposits of over a million, and two savings banks with over $4,000,000 deposits. Winsted has been favored in its public institutions, many of the benefactors having been lavish in their gifts. The Gilbert School has an endowment of nearly $800,000, the William L. Gilbert Home for friendless children an endow- ment of nearly $650,000 and the Litchfield County Hospital an endowment of nearly $160,000, all having ample buildings and grounds and first-class equipment throughout. There are two fine free libraries and a centrally located, new, 845,000 Y. M. C. A. building. The business blocks have an imposing appearance. The Hotel Winchester block was erected at a cost of about $100,000 and the Hurlbut Bank building cost $40,000; then there are the Camp, Beardsley, Wetmore and Winsted Real Estate Co.'s blocks which give Winsted a business-like appearance. The factories are nearly all of brick construction. The New England Pin Co. greatly enlarged its buildings in 191 3. The Winsted Hosiery Co. also spent $25,000 in additions. During 1916 the Winsted Edge Tool Works and the Fitzgerald Manufacturing plant, both of which were damaged by fire, have been completely rebuilt. There are two public parks within the borough, one at the east end with soldiers' monument and memorial fountain ; the other, Memorial park, on the crown of the hill in the west portion of the borough, has a commanding view and is graced by the beautiful memorial tower, sixty feet high. There is a fine athletic field connected with the Gilbert school with covered grandstand, bleachers, and dressing rooms. There are three cemeteries in the borough and all are well cared for. Forest View cemetery is situated upon a sand knoll and commands a charming view up and down the river valley. ITS HISTORY FROM COLONIAL DAYS The land lying within the town of Winchester, of which Winsted is now an integral part, was a part of that tract known 225 years ago as the "western lands." Before 1686 it was owned by the Connecticut colony. When it was learned that Sir Edmund Andros had arrived at Boston bearing the authority of the crown to revoke the colonial charter of Connecticut and to assume the government, the general court fearing the unoccupied lands of the colony would be sequestered by the haughty Andros, met in January, 1686, and granted to the towns of Hart- ford and Windsor, "those lands on the north of Woodbury and Matatock, and on the west of Farmington and Simsbury to the Massachusetts line north, and to run west to Housatunnuck river (provided it be not, or part of it, formerly granted to any particular persons), to make a plantation or villages thereon." It will be remembered that the charter was never surrendered to Andros and upon his flight in 1680, after it was learned that King James II had been deposed and William and Mary had succeeded to the British throne, the charter govern- ment was resumed. OLDEST HOUSE IN WTNSTED Built bv David Austin about 1771 iim;ij;v tavern oe union eotel, west winsted Torn down about L876. Stood just west of present llurllmt National Bank WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 407 Though their title was defective, the towns of Hartford and Windsor did not propose to give up their claims to the tract of land hastily granted to .them in the emergency and twenty-two years after the grant was made a committee was appointed to make a survey. In order to more fully establish their rights, steps were taken by the towns in 1715 to lay out a town in the tract and the town of Litchfield was laid out about 1717. Upon its being found that residents of Farmington had secured Indian titles to a portion of the tract, a compromise was made with them. After the land within the new town of Litchfield had been disposed of to settlers, a committee was appointed to lay out a new township north of that. The com- mittee's report was accepted in 1723, the new town embracing the east side of Cornwall, the whole of Goshen, the west half of Torrington and the southwest corner of Winchester. The general assembly seems to have awakened to the situation at this time, for at the spring session in that year the king's attorney for New Haven county was directed to prosecute the trespassers in the name of the governor, and the company and five members of the committee appointed to dispose of the land were arrested and prosecuted. As a result of the controversy, the general assembly in the October session, 1724, appointed a committee to investigate the claims of Hartford and Windsor and upon the committee's report, wishing to preserve the peace and to have the lands settled as expeditiously as possible, the general assembly at the May session, 1726, decided that the lands in controversy should be divided between the colony and the towns. The line of division coincided with the dividing line between Colebrook, Winchester and Torrington on the east, and Goshen and Norfolk on the west, and the colony took the western section and the towns the eastern. The territory conceded to Hartford and Windsor embraced the towns of Colebrook, Hartland, Winchester, Barkhanisted, Torrington, New Hartford, Harwinton and Litchfield, making an area of about 326,806 acres, while there was reserved in the colony the land embraced in the towns of Canaan, North Canaan, Norfolk, Corn- wall, Goshen, Warren and about two-thirds of Kent, making an area of about 120,000 acres. The lands were next surveyed and divided into townships and on February it, 1732, the towns of Hartford and Windsor executed deeds of partition by which the inhabitants of Hartford became the owners of Hartland, Winchester, New Hartford and the eastern half of Harwinton and the inhabitants of Windsor had Colebrook, Barkhamsted, Torrington and the western half of Harwinton. A law was passed by .the legislature providing for the subdivision of each of the towns among the taxable inhabitants, by assigning to each his whole interest in one or another of the townships. The land-owners of each township were incor- porated as proprietors, with the power to allot to each his pro rata share accord- ing to the taxable lists of 1720. The oldest conveyance of lands recorded in this town is dated November 28, 1729, by which John Kilbourn of Hartford conveyed to Jonathan and David Hills of Hartford all his rights, title share and interest in and to a large tract of land commonly known as the "western lands" belonging to the towns of Hartford and Windsor. On May 14, T744, the 106 proprietors of Winchester were called together and organized, William Pitkin being chosen moderator and Thomas Seymour clerk and register of deeds. Other meetings were held relative to the division of the township in 1750. 1751, 1753. 1756, 1757 and 1758. During the twenty- nine years that the Hartford proprietors took to consummate a plan of division, 408 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY many of the owners sold their undivided rights, giving deeds for the same. Caleb Beach of Goshen secured one of these undivided rights by deed of May 21, 1750, and a short time afterwards, believing, evidently, that a division of the land would not take place for some time, he appropriated a small tract on the east side of the Hall Meadow road about forty rods east of the Goshen line and a half mile north of the Torrington line and erected there the first dwelling house in the town. Settlements were made in Goshen, Norfolk and Canaan before the allotments were made in Winchester, and a trail was used to reach them passing through New Hartford across the northeast corner of Winchester and the southwestern part of Colebrook to Norfolk Center. It is not definitely known just where it was located. It is believed to have been the first to have pierced the town and to have been traveled for twenty years. Because of a demand for a better road both for settlers and for the "accommodation and benefit of his Majesty's subjects and especially in time of war, for travelling or marching either from the central or eastern parts of the colony" towards Albany, the general assembly in 1758 ap- pointed a committee to explore and find out a better way. As a result a new road known as the "old north road" was built within the next three or four years. Up to 1800 this was the principal thoroughfare of the colony in the direction of Albany. It passed over Wallins hill by the schoolhouse down to Still river by Rollin Wilson's, then up Smith hill and by the Rowley pond to Colebrook. It is said that "continental troops passed over it for frontier service," among the num- ber being Col. Ethan Allen, and that "detachments of Burgoyne's army, as prison- ers of war, marched over it to the quarters assigned them." Another trail through the township was the "old south road," passing from Burrville up by Landlord Matt's tavern on to the south part of Norfolk. At the meeting of the proprietors January, 1758, a committee was appointed to draw lots to determine the order in which the land should be set off to them. The first census of the colony taken in 1756 gives the population of Winchester as 24. The largest town in the county was Woodbury, with 2,911, more than twice that of any other town. The next census was taken in 1774, and gave Win- chester 327 whites and 12 blacks. Woodbury then had 5,224 whites and 89 blacks. Westmoreland had 1,922. This was one of the towns of Litchfield county and comprised the whole of the valley of Wyoming, Pennsylvania. Under an act of incorporation, the first Ecclesiastical society meeting was held June 29th, 1768, and organization was perfected. The early records of the society are extremely interesting. Services were held at John Hill's house, near the Hurlbut cemetery. Some time during the year 1769 the first meeting house was erected on the west side of a road which was discon- tinued long ago, near the Luther Bronson place. It was 24x30 feet, with nine- foot posts supported by log piers and was unfinished inside. The steps were hewn out of a log and an outside stairway led to the second floor, which was used as a gallery. Services were held there for twenty years. There was no heating apparatus except the "foot stoves of the women, and the sound doctrine of the minister." The first town meeting under an act of incorporation was held July 22nd, 1771. The record of it is as follows: "At a town meeting of the Inhabitants of Winchester, lawfully assembled on Monday, the 22nd day of July, 1771. "Warren Gibbs chosen Moderator of sd. meeting. "Eliphaz Alvord chosen Town Clerk and sworn. "Jonathan Alvord and Seth Hills, and Samuel Wetmore, Jr., chosen Towns- men. STONE CHIMNEY ON SITE OF FIRST HOUSE BUILT IN WINCHESTER. 1756 FIRST FRAME HOUSE IN WINCHESTER Built by Caleb Beach, 1756 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 409 "Robert Mackune chosen Treasurer. "Warham Gibbs chosen Constable. "Abraham Filley chosen Grand Jury Man. "Oliver Coe and Noah Gleason and David Goff chosen Surveyors of High- ways. "Josiah Averit and Joseph Hoskin chosen Fence Viewers. "Robert Mackune chosen Leather Sealer. "Adam Mott and Beroni Hills chosen Tything Men. "Noted, that David Austin's cowyard be a pound for the present. "Voted, that a Maple tree near the meeting-house shall be a sign-post. "David Austin chosen key-keeper. "Voted, that the Annual Town Meeting in this town shall be on the first Monday of December, at nine of the clock in the morning at the Meeting House of said Town, and that the selectmen shall set up a notification on the sign-post twelve days before the said first Monday for sd. meeting. "Test, Eliphaz Alvord, town clerk." Winchester men had an honorable part in the revolutionary war. The first reference to it in the town records was made in the annual town meeting of 1775, when it was voted "that the troopers be freed from paying anything for their colors," and "to raise two-pence half-penny on the list of 1775 to purchase a town stock of powder and lead, and also to pay other necessary charges arising in the town." Seventeen soldiers from this town went to Ticonderoga in 1775 to Captain Sedgwick's company, Colonel Hinnan's regiment ; two marched to the relief of Boston on the Lexington alarm, and so on. It would seem that about all the men in the town enlisted at one time or another during the war. At the town meeting Jan. 13, 1778, the Articles of Confederation were pre- sented for approval and by vote on each successive article were accepted, and thereupon the oath of fidelity to the state of Connecticut was administered to those present and certified in the records. The names of the others who took the oath later were also recorded. Three events of great moment to this town were the opening of the Green Woods turnpike, the Naugatuck railroad, and the Connecticut Western railroad. The former occurred in 1799. Up to that time the only road connecting the two sections of the town was one coming down the hill from the lake by Austin's mill as far as Main Street, then northerly to Hinsdale Avenue, thence easterly to Still River, and up Wallin's hill to the "old north road." This was the only way of reaching Hartford or any of the eastern towns of the state, and was a rough, hilly road to travel. The only building on the present line of Main Street, from Henry Street to Still River bridge were Higley's tavern, where K. T. Sheldon's photograph building .stands, the foundation of the chimney of which is still to be seen there, and a gambrel-roofed house on the site of Mrs. Moses Camp's residence. Boyd says : "The opening of the Talcott mountain and Green Woods turnpikes w r as an event as auspicious to our fathers as was the opening of the Naugatuck railroad to their children or as is the majestic march of the Con- necticut Western railroad trains up the Norfolk hills to our present community." Again Mr. Boyd says: "The iron horse paid his first visit to the Winsted depot Sept. 21, 1849. The first passenger train came up on Saturday, the 22nd, and returned on the following Monday." The Naugatuck Railroad Co. was granted a charter in 1845 to build a road from Derby to Plymouth. Upon receiving a bonus of $30,000 and payment of land damages, Alfred Bishop and others had agreed to complete the line to Water- 410 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY bury by 1849. In 1847 tne company was authorized to extend the road to Winsted, which Mr. Bishop agreed to do for another bonus of $30,000 and the right of way. Citizens of Winsted assumed half the bonus and all the right of way in this town and citizens of Torrington and Plymouth the other half of the bonus and the remainder of the right of way. There was some bickering as to whether the station should be at the Winsted park, the "flat" or in the "west village." In 1866 a charter was granted to the Connecticut Western Railroad Co. with power to construct a road from Collinsville to the Massachusetts line at North Canaan. In 1868 the Dutchess and Columbia Railroad Company and the Con- necticut Western Railroad Company got a new charter to build from Hartford to Collinsville, thence connect with the line previously chartered and then by diverging through North Canaan and Salisbury to connect with the Columbia and Dutchess road. On August 22, 1868, the town of Winchester, by a vote of 366 to 66, voted a subscription to the stock of the company of five per cent on its grand list, amounting to $116,000, and individual citizens of the town subscribed for $74,900 more of the stock. The other towns followed Winchester's example. The first passenger train went over the road from Hartford to Millerton and returned Dec. 21, 1871. The rapid growth of Winsted in the early years of its history was due largely to its manufactures, which increased and prospered largely because of the splen- did water pow r er that was to be obtained. The first grist mill was that of David Austin. The second grist mill was built on the site of the Gilbert clock factory, about 1776, by Elias Balcomb. The saw mill also made its appearance early in the settlement of the town. The first one was operated by Deacon Samuel Wet- more and was near the old meeting-house. A vote was passed in 1779 regard- ing the water privilege connected with it. Besides turning out lumber, both rough and finished, these mills got out white ash sweeps, oars, and materials for ship blocks and they were carried to Hartford for river navigation. Dish mills for making wooden bowls, trenchers, and mortars became accessories to the saw mills. It is said there were eight of these in operation in the town before 1800, four being on the lake stream. John McAlpine is spoken of as having built a shop in Winchester early in the last century for making scale boards, used for separat- ing cheeses when packed in casks. Later cheese boxes were made in the same mill. Benjamin Jenkins and James Boyd established the third scythe factory in the country, on Still River in 1792. At least four others were built here within the next forty years, and it became a leading industry in the town. In 1795 Jenkins and Boyd erected the first forge in Winsted, on the lake. They "manu- factured refined bar iron from the best quality of Old Salisbury Ore. Three others were erected in town within a dozen years." This, with the scythe busi- ness, constituted the staple manufacturing business of the town until 1840. A machine for cutting shingle nails was operated by James Boyd for a short time in 1808. Two years later James Byington erected a nail factory near the Winsted scythe works and for a time during the war of 1812 he had more men in his employ than any other factory in town. I li/.nr Hinsdale established a factory for making axes, near the head of the lake, in 1804 or 1805. 1 he first wire factory in the country was erected on the west wing of the clock factory dam in 1812 by Samuel and Luther Hoadley and James Boyd. There were at least three shoemakers who did tanning in town before 1800. After it was found that hemlock bark could be used as a substitute for oak bark. Col. Hosea Hinsdale and Col. James Shepard erected a large tannery at the foot of Spencer Street in 1802. Three or four other tanneries were erected later. SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL TOWER, WINSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 411 Joseph Piatt built the first clothing shop and fulling mill in Danbury quarter between [783 and 17X7. Daniel Marshall was the first clothmaker in Winsted. He had a shop and fulling mill on Lake Street before 1794. A carding machine was added later. In 1813 Rockwell Bros, began the manufacture of broadcloths and satinets there. Three other factories of a similar nature were established in town. Samuel and Luther Hoadley and Riley Whiting began the manufacture of wooden clocks about 1807. Two firms began to make hand and machine cards at the beginning of the war of 1812. There were four or five shops for making wagons in the early part of the last century and others were built later on. A distillery was in operation on Wallins Street soon after the close of the war of 1812. An oil mill was erected on Mad River, west of Clifton mill, by Bissell Hins- dale about 1816 and was operated for a number of years. Iron clock bells were manufactured by Hoadley Bros, about 18 10. A foundry for casting stoves, plows and gears was operated by Nathaniel Gaylord from 1834 for twelve years. Four or five other iron foundries have since been established. There have also been several machine shops. As the middle of the last century was approached, many other industries sprang up, some of which are in operation today. One concern was in operation which it is to be regretted could not have been retained, as it is now of immense proportions. Boyd says of it: "The Borden Condensed Milk Co., consisting of Gail Borden, Theron Bronson and Elhanan \V. Fyler, was organized in 1863 and purchased the factory building near the Xaugatuck Depot, now occupied by the Winsted Printing Co., in which they condensed milk until 1866, when, not finding the location favorable for the busi- ness, the concern was wound up." A petition was made to the general assembly in 1786 for the incorporation of the easterly part of Winchester and the part of Barkhamsted west of the Farmington River into the town of W r insted. The west boundary was to be Highland Lake and the second tier line which extended just easterly of Coe Street. The petition was continued to the sessions of 1787 and 1788 and finally rejected. The last attempt to divide the town was made in 1790 and proved unsuccessful as before and the project was finally given up. In the Annals of Winchester, Mr. Boyd describes a visit he made to Win- chester center at a Fourth of July celebration in 1810 or 181 1. He wrote in part as follows : "The whipping post and stocks, those indispensable pillars of New England law and order, stood on the green near the meeting house. The post did extra duty as a sign-post on which public notices were fastened and to which when occasion required the petty thief was tied to receive from the constable his five or ten lashes 'well laid on to his naked back.' The 'stocks' were an upper and lower plank, say six feet long, eight inches wide and two inches thick, the lower one lying edgewise near the ground, mortised at one end into the post and firmly fastened to the ground at the other. The upper plank was attached to the post at one end by a heavy hinge so that its lower edge came in contact with the upper edge of the other, and they were held together by a hasp and padlock at their outer ends. At the line of junction of the two planks were four holes, half in the upper and half in the lower plank, about three inches in diameter, ranged at suitable distances for receiving the ankles of two culprits." Winchester's part in the civil war requires a volume to tell the story of the 412 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY bravery, the sufferings, the sacrifices, the successes and victories of the honored men who risked their lives in the great struggle to preserve the union. Three soldiers' monuments in the borough attest in a degree the reverence which pos- terity has for those noble heroes. BEGINNINGS OF WINSTED BOROUGH In order, it was said, to secure an efficient fire organization, an application was made to the general assembly in 1833 by a number of inhabitants of the west village for a borough charter, under the name of Clifton. The section be- tween the two villages of East and West Winsted having been partially built up, an application was made to the general assembly in 1858 to repeal the defunct borough charter of Clifton and to organize a new borough covering both sections, to be known as Winsted. The charter was granted in June of that year, and officers were elected qn August 2nd as follows: Warden, William H. Phelps; burgesses, Rollin L. Beecher, Edward Camp, John T. Rockwell, Charles Cook, Charles B. Weed. lohn G. Wetmore ; treasurer, John Hinsdale; bailiff, Caleb P. Newman. The borough authorities went immediately to work. They had a survey and plan made of all the streets within the borough. The street through the center of the "east village green" was closed and parallel streets opened on the east and west sides. The intervening space was then fenced, graded and planted with trees by private subscriptions under the corporate name of "Park Place" at a cost of about $2,000. The first sidewalk ordered to be graded was on the northerly and easterly side of Main Street, from the park to Spencer Street, a distance of a mile and twenty rods. It was to be rounded to a width of five feet. Part of it was at first planked, and later covered with concrete and the remainder flagged. THE BOROUGH WATER WORKS On August 30, 1858, the warden and burgesses were instructed "to ascertain whether the borough has a right to draw water from Long Lake." As a result, the general assembly at its May session in i860 gave authority to the borough to take water from Long Lake or Little pond for fire and other purposes and to raise the surface of the water in the lake or pond four feet above the high water mark. The water could be taken only for fire purposes until the water had risen two feet above the waste weirs as located at that time and the outflow for manufacturing purposes was not to be wasted in greater quantity than theretofore. A permanent loan of $25,000 was authorized to secure the rights of flowage, construct the dam, lay mains, etc. A provision was also made for the appointment of water commissioners and for the establishment and collection of water rents. On August 1, i860, Lyman Case, John T. Rockwell and William L. Gilbert were elected water commissioners and they were directed to make the contem- plated improvements. During the administration of Dr. H. Hungerford Drake as commissioner, from 1872 to 1879, the bulkhead was rebuilt, the embankments strengthened and the combination waste weirs and roadway built in place of the bridges. As the years went by, the system was extended through new streets about the borough. In order to improve Winsted's water system still further, on June 11, 1890, William L. Gilbert attached a codicil to his will giving the borough $48,000 to tunnel the mountain between Rugg Brook and Crystal Lake, provided the borough would construct proper dams and canals before June 11, 1895, so as to make a reservoir ai the Rugg Brook basin and greatly increase the outflow. MAIN STREET, WEST WINSTED, is::.. NEAR PRESENT Y. M. C. A. NEW Y. M. C. A. BUILDING, WINSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 413 As a result of Mr. Gilbert's generous bequest, at a meeting July 29, 1892, tbe borough appropriated $40,000 and appointed T. C. Richards, G. B. Owen, Henry Gay. David Strong, R. H. Moore, J. E. Spaulding, Edward Finn, R. E. Holmes, E. 1'. Wilcox, E. A. Nellis and H. H. Drake a committee to carry on the work. The sum of $35,000 was also appropriated to raise Crystal Lake ten feet and lay water mains to the borough, the latter work to be done under the supervision of tbe water commissioners. T. C. Richards was elected president of the commit- tee, I tenry Gay vice president and II. II. Drake secretary. On January 31, 1893, contracts were signed with Babcock, Lary & Co. to tunnel the mountain and construct Ru^g Brook Reservoir and tbe works connected therewith. E. P. Wil- cox and II. H. Drake were appointed a special committee to supervise the work. The tunnel was constructed through solid rock about 6 feet high, 6 feet wide, and nearly 4,000 feet long. The masonry dam at Rugg Brook is 29 feet high, 29 feet thick at the bottom and 300 feet long. Two earth dams were built, one being 20 feet high, 112 feet thick at the base and 52 feet long, the other 14 feet high, 168 feet long, 75 feet thick at the base with a masonry core. The masonry dam across Mad River is 14 feet thick at the bottom and 168 feet long. Crystal Lake was raised 10 feet by a rubble masonry dam 548 feet long and 11 feet thick at the bottom. The surface of the lake was increased in area from 96 acres to T46 acres and in cubic contents the lake was increased 53,143,200 feet. On March 4, 1893, tbe water ran over Rugg Brook dam for the first time and four days later it ran through the tunnel. The water ran over Crystal Lake Dam December 5, 1895, and on July 20, 189^, it was turned into the new mains for the first time. By the provisions of the revised charter of the borough adopted in 1897, the office of water commissioners was abolished on the first Monday of May, in that year, and a superintendent of water works elected in their place. In October, 1908, in order to increase the water supply in Crystal Lake, the dam was raised twelve inches and in 1910, to prevent extravagant waste, water meters were placed in the factories and the places of business of large users of water. There are now about twenty-six miles of water main laid, ranging in size from twenty-four inches down to four inches. In 191 5 the commission form of government was adopted, consolidating the government of the Town of Winchester and that of the Borough of W r insted. In 1917 these are the board of selectmen in charge of the affairs of the town: Patrick J. Darcey (who had been warden of W'insted for four years prior), chairman; James J. Bannon, Edward R. Beckley, Horace A. Hotchkiss, James J. Walsh ; town clerk, C. Wesley Winslow : assessors, Geo. L. Foskett, Francis Sage, Mills T. Carter; registrars of voters, John J. Winn, Felix Gallagher; treasurer, J. Albert Smith; collector, John J. Burke. POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMHXT When the town building was erected in the late '70s, provision was made for a station house in the basement, three very strongly built cells being constructed. The town court of Winchester having jurisdiction of all the criminal business within the town was established the first of June. 1899, thus doing away with the trials for criminal offenses before justices -of peace, as had been the custom. The wearing of police uniforms was inaugurated in 1889, and the keeping of police records in May, 1892. There are four officers now on duty at night, one remaining at headquarters from 6 o'clock P. M. until 5 A. M.. and three doing patrol duty from 6 o'clock P. M. through the night, two going off at 5 o'clock 414 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY A. M. and one at 6 o'clock A. M. The present superintendent of police is Stephen C. Wheeler. The Winsted fire department, which was first organized in 1862, now con- sists of four well organized and equipped hose companies, occupying commodious and up-to-date fire houses of brick construction in as many different parts of the borough, representing an outlay of about thirty-five thousand dollars, a hook and ladder company and an engine company. Union Hose Company No. 1 is located at the corner of Main and Munro Streets in the west end of the borough, and has the new combination hose and chemical truck. Winsted Hose Company No. 2, Winsted Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 and Winsted Engine Company No. 1 are housed in the borough Building on Elm Street, in the business center, and all three are equipped with horse-drawn apparatus. The chief of the fire depart- ment in 1917 is Charles Stone. winsted's sewer system In 1910 Winsted engaged the services of Rudolph Hering, an expert sewerage engineer, and Joseph Young of New York to lay out a feasible plan for a sewer system. This, together with a garbage collection system, is in effect now, in modified form. winsted's lighting system The Winsted Gas Co., which was organized in 1861 and incorporated under the laws of the state, has the contract for lighting the borough and also furnishes the residents with gas and electricity for heating, lighting and power purposes. The gas works are located on Case Avenue and Gay Street, as is also the new electric light and power station. The first electric light station was built in con- nection with the plant of the Winsted Edge Tool Works, but after two years, in the fall of 1888, an electric station was erected at Tunxis Falls, Robertsville, and since then the current for lighting the streets has been generated there. HISTORY OF WINSTED'S SCHOOLS The history of Winsted's schools goes back to December 17, 1773, when the first educational tax was passed. The district thus early established was continued until 1909, and it was not until recent years that the plan of the originators was generally declared inadequate. With each district providing for its own children, however, it was found that while the schools within the old borough had kept up with the times, those in the farming districts had been neglected, and with the steadily decreasing number of rural families, the matter of giving such children the proper attention was each year getting to be more of a problem. Consequently the plan of transporting children from one district with poor accommodations to one with ampler privileges was begun and met with success. In 1909 the town voted to consolidate the districts, and today it would seem that Winsted will stand among the leaders in the way of graded schools. The committee is constantly devising and recommending plans for the improvement of conditions both in the borough and in the outlying districts. In 191 1 $5,000 was appropriated for a new school building at Winchester, to improve the school facilities in that section. Taking advantage of the provisions of the statute of the public acts of 1902, the board of school visitors on September 5, 1904, voted to unite with the Town MEMORIAL LIBRARY, WINSTED THE W. L. GILBERT ^< EOOL, WTNSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 415 of Norfolk to form a joint supervision district and this arrangement is still in effect. One-half of the sum paid to the supervisor is returned hy the state and as the supervisor spends two-thirds of the time in Winchester, this town hears two-thirds of the remaining expense. Improvements that have come since the consolidation of the districts include medical inspection, the regular employment of a truant officer, and the holding annually of appropriate commencement exercises. The report of the school committee for the year 191 6 showed a total of over twenty-two hundred children between the ages of four and sixteen in the town. The superintendent of schools in 1917 is Frank E. Fisk. In addition to the public schools, Winsted has a parochial school which is maintained by St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church without expense to the borough. This school is located north of the church on Oak Street, and is under the direction of the pastor. Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis act as teachers. Upwards of four hundred children attend this school regularly. The Gilbert School, — the high school of Winsted, — stands at the east end of Alain Street, facing the park. The school was founded in 1895 by the bequest of the late William L. Gilbert, who for many years was one of the town's leading business men. Although the school is a private institution, supported entirely from its own endowment, it is entirely free to the youth of Winchester, the endowment left by Mr. Gilbert being fully ample to enable the trustees to maintain a free school of the very highest character. Sixteen trustees, holding office for life, manage the school, and though but a few of the original trustees survive at this time, the permanence of the body and the slow changes in the personnel of the trustees have made possible a continuance of the wise policy, adopted at the beginning, of conducting a school which should be first of all an academic rather than a technical institution. W^hile the voca- tional needs of the students are provided for in the commercial and art manual departments and more adequately met by the course in domestic science, the school's first aim is, as it has always been, to furnish its students with the means of a liberal education. The academic department prepares for college and for general usefulness in and enjoyment of the intellectual life, while the technical courses fit students definitely and adequately for the business of the work-a-day world. Reviewing the life of the school from the time of its organization to the present will recall to mind the men who have been influential, as trustees, in its development. Mr. Gilbert named as trustees and corporators : Isaac B. Wood- ruff, Lyman R. Norton, Charles B. Hallett, Judge Augustus H. Fenn, David Strong, Rufus E. Holmes, Eugene Potter, Harvey L. Roberts, George B. Owen, Charles J. York, Joseph H. Norton, William L. Camp, Winfield J. Garvin, Henry Gay, Dr. Harvey B. Steele, Theophilus Baird. Very substantial buildings of pressed buff brick with marble trimmings have been erected, the same architecture displayed in the original main structure having been followed in the annex erected twelve years later. Among the first duties devolving upon the trustees, after the school building was erected was the selection of a principal, and after a careful study of men and institutions, Dr. John E. Clarke was chosen. To Doctor Clarke's devotion and faithful service the school in a large measure owes its enviable reputation. He retired in 1908 after serving the school as its principal for thirteen years, and was succeeded by the present principal. Walter D. Hood, who is a graduate of Yale and was superintendent of schools in Shelton and Stratford. The present 416 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY officers and directors of the Gilbert School are: President, C. J. York; vice president, E. B. Gaylord ; secretary and treasurer, H. L. Roberts ; directors, Eugene Potter, Wilbur G. Manchester, Lester C. Strong, Seymour W. Alvord, L. M. Blake, J. G. Woodruff, L W. Tiffany, Dr. W. S. Hulbert, L. C. Colt, Dr. Edward L. Pratt, A. L. Clark, Fred C. Strong, Dudley C. Vaill. THE WILLIAM L. GILBERT HOME The bronze tablet at the main entrance to the Gilbert home reads as follows : "This building was erected by William L. Gilbert, long a resident of Winchester, for the improvement of mankind by affording such assistance and means of edu- cating the young as will help them become good citizens. A. D. 1888." Thus, together with Mr. Gilbert's bequest, was made possible an institution which is doing a work that few, even in Winsted, fully appreciate. The home accommo- dates 250 children and it is necessary to turn away many applicants in order to keep to this number. Preference is given to those children whose guardians will have difficulty in meeting the cost of similar care and instruction elsewhere. It is a home where children who are deprived of the advantages of family life are cared for and educated at a charge much below the actual cost. A good idea of the class of children cared for may be given by quoting from a leaflet issued by the home : "Children described as follows will not be admitted: 1. Those under four years of age. 2. Those over four years of age who can not talk well enough to communicate their physical ills and needs. 3. Those unable to dress themselves with a reasonable amount of assistance. 4. Cripples. 5. Those who are defective mentally. 6. Those who are afflicted' with contagious, infectious or incurable diseases. The charge for board, clothing and schooling is $1.50 per week for each child. Any variation from this charge will be based upon a personal inves- tigation of the circumstances of the applicant. In cases where there are sufficient means for the child's support, but the essential thing lacking is home care, the charge may be from $1.50 per week up to the actual cost. It is not the purpose of the institution to charge a price below cost for those whose parents, guardians or friends are financially able to meet their obligations. This would deprive us of the means to extend charity to needy and worthy cases. Parents or friends may visit children at any time, but are requested to avoid calling during school hours, if possible." It will be seen that the institution is not in any sense correctional. In the admission of children, no distinction is made as to race, religion or nationality. The only children turned away when there are vacancies are those whose previous records are such as to make it probable that their influence on the boys and girls already in the home would be bad. The endowment which enables the good work to ?o on was sriven bv Mr. Gilbert in trust to the following men, and passed into their possession upon his death twenty years ago: Henry Gay, Isaac B. Woodruff, Harvey B. Steele, Lyman R. Norton, Eugene Potter, Harvey L. Roberts, George B. Owen, Charles J. York, Joseph H. Norton, William L. Camp, T. Baird and W. J. Garvin. These men did not assume active control until Mr. Gilbert's death in 1891. On March 21, [889, Mr. and Mrs. Dwight S. Case took charge of the home under the direc- tion of Air. Gilbert and on April 1st of the same year the home was opened. At first the number of children was comparatively small. The school building was built m [894, and in H)00 the number of children had so increased that more room was necessary and the east building was constructed. Eh X i— i X o o H X - w :- WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 417 On December i, 1909, Mr. and Mrs. Case, after over twenty years of service, found it necessary to lay down the work because of Mrs. Case's failing health. Under their guidance the home had grown from a sheltering place of 21 children on the day that it opened to one for 250. The home had also been im- proved and 1 leant i tied until it is now one of the beauty spots of Winsted. On the day that Mr. and Mrs. Case laid down the work of the home, Mr. and Mrs. Charles M. Morse came to Winsted to take up the work. Mr. and Mrs. Morse are both graduates of the state normal school at Cortland, N. Y., and Mr. Morse is a graduate of Yale. Among the recent improvements are the opening of new reading rooms, new locker and dressing rooms, shower baths, a new toilet building and a wash room for the boys, also many other items of lesser importance. This summer classes in domestic training for the girls are in progress. The instruction includes cooking, baking, sewing, darning, washing, ironing, in fact a complete course in housekeeping. For several months Mrs. Morse has an eve- ning in embroidery. The officers and directors for 1917 are: President, Arthur L. Clark ; vice president, James G. Woodruff ; secretary, Wilbur G. Manchester ; treasurer, S. Landon Alvord ; corporators, Arthur L. Clark, James G. Woodruff, Frederick C. Strong, Dudley L. Vaill, Eugene Potter, Harvey L. Roberts, Luman C. Colt, Edward L. Pratt, S. Landon Alvord, L. W. Tiffany, E. B. Gaylord, L. C. Strong, Chas. J. York, Wilbur G. Manchester, Wm. S. Hulbert, Lorenzo M. Blake. winsted's public library There were several small libraries in Winsted prior to the establishment of the present free libraries, some of them dating back over one hundred years. It is stated that one was kept in the office of Solomon Rockwell & Bros. There was also one in the west school district as early as 1808. The Winsted historical and theological library was organized by the First Congregational Society in 1810. In 1812 some young men in the west village organized a library which was kept in the house of Colonel Hosea Hinsdale. Another was organized in east village in 1820. Some of the churches have also established libraries in connection with their Sunday schools at different times. In 1874, as a momerial to her late husband, Deacon Elliott Beardsley, Mrs. Delia R. Beardsley, gave $10,000 to found the Beardsley library in West Win- sted. A board of seven trustees was chosen by her and they were directed to spend $5,000 for books and magazines that year and to invest the balance and use the income to replenish the library from time to time. Mrs. Beardsley also fur- nished rooms in the Beardsley block free of rent for the use of the library. It was opened September 15, 1874. Upon her death in 1878 members of the family generously continued until 1884 to S n ' e tne use °f tne rooms. The expenses that were incurred for maintenance were paid by membership tickets. After remaining in its home for twenty- four years in the Beardsley block, where it had become cramped for room, the library was moved in 1898 to the beautiful brick memorial building erected for it on the corner of Main Street and Munro Place by the late Jenison J. Whiting and his wife, Mrs. Mary Phelps Whiting. At the solicitation of some of the friends of the library, it was made a free institution, a vote of the town having been passed for an annual appro- priation, amounting now to $1,500 and it was re-opened as such on June 30, 1899. It then had 8, too books bound and unbound. Previous to that time the circula- tion had been between 7,000 and 8,000 volumes annually and the first year after Vol. 1—27 418 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY it was made free, the circulation jumped to 41,133. The library now has 14,900 volumes. The Gilbert school library, which is also free to the public, has over ten thou- sand volumes on its shelves. LITCHFIELD COUNTY HOSPITAL Situated on a prominence in the western part of Winsted, is the Litchfield County Hospital of Winchester. The main building is constructed of buff brick with foundation and trimmings of Keene granite. It is 81 by 53 feet, with an ell 30 by 24 feet, and wings on either end for sun parlors. There are three floors and basement, and the interior arrangement is all that could be desired, every necessity and requirement having been carefully looked after. The structure, independent of furnishings, cost about $42,000. A charter was obtained from the General Assembly in 1895, establishing the Litchfield County Hospital, and an organization was perfected and officers elected. The first money raised for the purpose was by Miss Adelyn Howard. During her long years of illness, visiting friends were asked to contribute for such a purpose, and quite a sum was realized. No immediate steps were taken, and several years after, in 1899, another charter was obtained from the General Assembly under the name of the Winchester Hospital Association, and an appro- priation of $10,000 was granted. Further encouragement came from the offer of Mrs. Julia A. Batcheller to give the fine site extending from Spencer Street to Main, containing 13^2 acres for the building; and the gift of Mrs. Maria M. Brown of $5,000 for the furnishing. A committee, consisting of Doctors Howe, Pratt and Hulbert, visited hospi- tals in various parts of the country and the present main building is the result of their investigations. Ground was broken July 18, 1900, and the General Assembly of 1901 consoli- dated the two organizations under the name of the Litchfield County Hospital of Winchester, and made further appropriation of $20,000 for building and $6,118 for maintenance. In addition to this state aid, personal gifts of money have been large ; Mrs. Batcheller giving generously in addition to the land. On the 29th of January, 1902, the Litchfield County Hospital of Winchester was formally opened and inspected by delegations from every town in the county, and the gift of $5,000 for the first free bed was announced. At the end of the year, the records showed a total of 159 patients coming from twenty-one different towns and including twenty-four state beneficiaries. The daily average for the year was twelve. The working force had been increased from three to eight and even this number was at times inadequate and it was found necessary to employ extra nurses a few days at a time to meet special emergencies. Within three years from its opening, ground was broken for an additional building west of the main building and similar in construction and architecture for an isolation ward. The building cost $7,000 and this expense was liquidated by Wheelock T. Batcheller. The ward was opened June 1, 1906. The Legislature of 1909 granted an appropriation of $15,000 for the erection of a home for the nurses on the grounds. The hospital has been generously remembered in the way of gifts, the perma- nent funds in the hands of trustees in 191 7 totaling nearly two hundred thousand dollars. LITCHFIELD COUNTY HOSPITAL. WLNSTED WATERBURY AXD THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 419 The woman's auxiliary and the Litchfield County Hospital Training School for Nurses are valuable adjuncts to the hospital and from its inception have con- tinued to be of invaluable assistance. The officers of the hospital in 1917 are: President, Edward B. Gaylord ; vice president, J. H. Alvord ; secretary, L. C. Strong; treasurer, Wra, It. Phelps; executive committee, E. B. Bronson, M. H. Tanner, E. R. Holmes. HISTORY OF WINSTED'S CHURCHES The exact date of the organization of the First Church of Christ, as the First Congregational Church was at first called, is not known. The parish records go back to March 7, 1778, at which time a meeting was held at the house of John Balcom and officers were appointed. The first step taken toward building a meeting-house appears in a vote of the society, September 26, 1780. On October 2, 1792, a site was finally chosen on Wallin's Hill but ground was not broken until the following April. The raising occurred a month or two later, when the records read, "cakes and good cheer were provided." The build- ing was 40 by 30 feet, with gallery encircling three sides of the interior. Soon afterwards the movement of the population toward the valley began and in eight years the church was rendered useless. Only the large horse block remains now to mark the site. The society selected as the site for the new church the spot at the southwest corner of Winsted Park. It was a commodious edifice and stood there until 1849 or 1850 when it was moved to the site the old building still occupies and was reconstructed in part, and rededicated with an historical sermon preached by its pastor, Rev. Ira Pettibone. During his pastorate there occurred two important events, the removal of the church, as stated above, and the withdrawal, on January 8, 1854, of fifty-one members to form the Second Congregational Church, they being desirous to locate a church near their places of residence. On November 14, i860, Rev. James P. Pierson was ordained to the pastorate. Reflecting the militant spirit of the times in some of his utterances, opposition was stirred up and as a result Mr. Pierson tendered his resignation, sharply rebuking those who had denied a preacher of the gospel the right to discuss the topics of the day in the pulpit. Malcolm McG. Dana, who later became one of the best known preachers in the denomination, supplied the plupit from 1862 to 1865, declining a call to the pastorate extended to him in March, 1863. Rev. T. B. R. Walker received a call January 5, 1867, and continued two years, during which time important repairs were made and the large organ which did good service for over thirty years was installed. Rev. Henry E. Cobley served as acting pastor following him. On November 10, 1867, Rev. Thomas M. Miles was ordained pastor and served until March 25, 1879. He was an able man and did very efficient work, adding 107 to the membership of the church. The par- sonage, an attractive and commodious home, was built during his pastorate. He was followed by Rev. T. F. Lee who was ordained December 30, 1870. Sixty- six members were added during his pastorate of 4 l / 2 years. Two months after his dismissal in October, 1884, a call was extended to Rev. Henry N. Kinney. During his nine years of service 269 were added to the membership of the church. He was a leader in the Christian Endeavor movement in the state and was greatly beloved. Rev. George Foster Prentiss was installed pastor February 21, 1894, and remained until December 30, 1897. He inaugurated the movement for a new church and made a good start in raising the funds. The 420 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY present pastor, Rev. George W. Judson, was installed June 28, 1898. To him belongs the credit largely for the completion of the subscriptions and the erection of the beautiful granite church building which was dedicated September 19, 1901, the 100th anniversary of the old meeting house being celebrated the same day. SECOND CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH On January 18, 1854, an ecclesiastical council was convened at West Winsted, of which Rev. Joseph Eldridge of Norfolk was moderator. Fifty-one members of the First Church and six from other churches were organized into the Second Congregational Church. Rev. Charles H. A. Bulkley was chosen first pastor and was installed December 5, 1854. For three years and eight months, until the erection of a church edifice, services were held in Camp's Hall. The society committee was authorized to purchase the site next north of the Winsted Savings Bank. The church was dedicated September 16, 1857, free of debt. Less than two years later, in July, 1859, a chapel was erected just north of the church building. On November 15, 1859, a Meneeley bell, weighing 2,190 pounds and costing $700,. was placed in the belfry. Within three months, in a severe gale February 10, i860, the spire was blown over, carrying the bell with it, crushing in about one-third of the roof. It required nearly a year to make the repairs and build a new steeple, costing about $3,000. The church was re-opened January 6, 1861. The second pastor, Rev. Hiram Eddy, was installed January 9, 1861. In the following June he was granted a leave of absence for two months to accept the chaplaincy of the Second Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. He was taken prisoner at Bull Run and suffered severely in rebel prisons at Richmond and elsewhere for more than a year but at length returned to his pastorate. On March 10, 1873, the society voted to make extensive repairs upon the church, chapel and parsonage. A little later an addition of twenty feet was built on to the rear of the chapel, and it was rededicated December 17, 1876. After a pastorate of ten years, Rev. Mr. Hallock was dismissed December 4, 1883. He was followed by Rev. H. H. Kelsey, who was installed September 10. 1884, and dismissed June 27, 1888. The Christian Endeavor Society was organized during his pastorate, December 14, 1885. After Rev. Mr. Kelsey, Rev. Henry P. Peck served the church *as acting pastor for nearly two years. Rev. J. Spencer Voorhees was installed April 20, [892, and was dismissed October 9, 1896. Rev. Newell M. Calhoun succeeded him September 1, 1897. Not long after Rev. Mr. Calhoun had arrived the project for erecting a new church edifice was well under way. A subscription committee was appointed and met with splendid success. The lot on the corner of Main and Spencer streets was purchased and A. B. Jennings of New York was chosen as architect. The contract for the beautiful granite church, the first of the stone churches to be erected in Winsted and in which the town takes great pride, was awarded to Decker & St. Claire, of New York City. Ground was broken July 18, T898. On September 10th of that year the memorial stone was laid by Deacon John Hinsdale and the church was dedicated September 5, 1899, the pastor, Rev. Mr. Calhoun, preaching the dedicatory sermon. His installa- tion occurred in connection with the services on the following day. The cost of the church, including the lot and memorial windows, was about sixty thousand dollars. The seating capacity of the auditorium is 850 and with the Sunday school rooms 1,500. The semi-centennial celebration of the church was held January 17 and 18, SECOND CONGREGATIONAL (Hl"R( H. WTNSTED METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, WINSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 421 1904. Rev. Mr. Calhoun preaching the anniversary sermon. The membership then was 418. Rev. Everard \Y. Snow, the present pastor, succeeding Rev. Mr. Calhoun, entered upon his duties January 16, 1908. In September, i»jo, under the style of the Strong Mfg. Co., in Win- sted, with a capital of $16,000. At this time David Strong an( J Clark Strong moved to Winsted, bringing with them several families of the employees. The premises were very primitive and modest, the plant at that time being located in a small wooden building which was owned by William L. Gilbert. It was on the site now occupied by the great building with its five brick stories and its 50,000 square feet of floor space, including its power plant, plating, casting and press- rooms in the rear. The stockholders in this company comprised : President, William L. Gilbert ; secretary, treasurer and agent, Clark Strong (one of the founders) ; David Strong, Normand Adams, C. B. Hallett, A. L. Wiers, T. Baird, Joseph H. Norton and Ezra Baldwin. There has been a gradual increase of capital, until today it stands at $100,000 as the result of business development requiring additional funds. There are many interesting phases connected with this company's conduct of the great manufac- turing industry whose wage list so materially benefits the average force of 125 employees and incidentally the merchants of Winsted. While there are other concerns paying out more wages yearly, the money it pays out in wages rep- resents more per capita no doubt than many of these, for the reason that the employees here come under the head of skilled mechanics, machinery playing comparatively a small part in the workings of the factory. A prominent Winsted concern devoted to the manufacture of traveling cranes, chain hoists, trolleys and tram rail systems is the Franklin Moore Co. of Winsted. It also manufactures "Charter Oak" and Norway iron carriage, tire, fancy and special bolts and axle clips. Hoisting machinery claims its special attention, a feature being made of what is known as the Acme chain hoist. The plant is one of the oldest in this section of Connecticut, Reuben Cook having established it in 181 1 for the manufacture of axes. For some cause the business went into liquidation. In 1866 Franklin Moore and Edward Clarke established the firm of Moore & Clarke to engage in the manufacture of bolts there. Franklin Moore succeeded them in 1870. Mr. Moore died in 1879 and was succeeded by his son, Alfred E. Moore, who conducted the business under the name of Franklin Moore & Co. In 1883 the business was incorporated with a capital stock of $66,000, the name being changed to the Franklin Moore Co., the capital being increased later to $110,000. Alfred E. Moore, who is well remembered by reason of his famous balloon ascensions, died in 1890. Many improvements have been made to the plant from time to time. In 1889 a fireproof iron building, 100x40 feet, was erected for the forging department. There is also a three-story brick building, 70x40 feet. Another story and a half frame build- ing, 97x35 feet, besides a commodious office building, a large storehouse and several smaller buildings. Far over the half-century line in age is the Winsted Edge Tool Works. The concern now bearing this name was established on Dec. 18, 1865, by Thomas M. Clark under the style of the Winsted Hoe Co. The officers of this company consisted of Thomas M. Clark, president and treasurer, and C. S. Foster, secre- tary. The business was conducted originally, as its name indicated, for the manufacture of southern planters' hoes. During the reconstruction period follow- ing the civil war, the demand for planters' hoes was very slight. More attention was given to the line of carpenters' chisels, gauges, and drawing knives, which 430 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY was started by Samuel Boyd in 1827 and continued since that time. In February, 1868, the line of chisels was strengthened by the purchase of the business and good-will of the Witherby Tool Co., of Millbury, Mass., who manufactured the well-known line of T. H. Witherby carpenters' tools. Since the purchase of the Witherby brand the line of chisels, etc., has been constantly improved and per- fected, until at the present time they enjoy an enviable reputation and sale throughout the world. In January, 1882, the style of the concern was changed to the Winsted Edge Tool Works, their products comprising chisels, drawing-knives and gauges. The factory, which is 40x387 feet and 150 feet of which is a two-story structure, is one of the most modernly equipped plants in New England. Every kind of modern machinery is in use for the making of the specialites enumerated. During 1916 fire seriously damaged the plant, but this has now been rebuilt. At the time the Winsted Hosiery Co. was established here in 1882 and incor- porated with a capital of $40,000 it was regarded as a piece of great fortune to the town. From the days of its modest foundation on the east side of Still River, the business has grown until the annual output is stated to be over a million. In its incipiency the company had for officers : President, William L. Gilbert ; secretary and treasurer, L. W. Tiffany, and agent, W. F. Taylor. In the year 1885 E. B. Gaylord was appointed secretary and in 1888 he took over the general management of the plant. The original factory was a three-story wooden struc- ture, 48x100 feet. The concern employed 55 operatives. Today the main build- ing is 270x50 feet, four stories high ; there is a three-story building, 36x244 feet ; another four-story building, 28x240 feet, was recently completed ; there are six storehouses and a power building to accommodate a 400 horse-power engine. The plant is the second largest of its kind in the state. There are nearly 500 persons on the payroll. The concern manufactures knit underwear and half hose. The trade has grown from a slight one until the company's products are shipped to all sections of the United States. In the year 1888 a number of Winsted men started out to establish a factory for knitting men's underwear that should become in time one of the leading industries of New England. They organized and incorporated the New England Knitting Co., with Henry Gay as president, E. B. Gaylord secretary and treasurer, and L. W. Tiffany, general manager. Their plant was very small, — only four sets of carding and spinning machinery were installed. But the promoters, essen- tially mill men, started out with hard-headed, practical ideas. The mill has grown from a mere cluster of sheds to a gathering of from two to four-story buildings whose combined floor space is 66,000 square feet. Besides, the ma- chinery has been increased from four sets to thirteen sets. On an average 275 operatives are employed. It is a notable fact that this mill is always busy, which speaks for its products being of the highest values as the demand never slackens. The mill runs twelve hours daily every day in the year except Saturday, when the doors close at midday. The output of the mill finds a market in every section of the United States. The billing and collecting is all done at the home office, although spacious sample rooms are maintained at 346 Broadway, New York, by the firm of C. C. Valentine 8z Co. Upon the death of Jay E. Spaulding, in 1910, Mr. Tiffany was elected presi- dent to succeed him, continuing as general manager as before. He is also manager of the Winsted Yarn Co., a concern which manufactures yarn solely to supply the local mills. Mr. Gaylord, the secretary and treasurer, is general man- ager of the Winsted Hosiery Co. OFFICE AND FACTORY WINSTED HOSIERY COMPANY, WINSTED EMPIRE KNIFE SHOP, WINSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 431 Throughout a period of over forty years the name of the Winsted Silk Co. has been synonymous with the best grade of spool and embroidery silk manufac- tured in this country. The business originated in 1874, having been established by Eugene and Oscar F. Potter and J. J. Lawler. The incorporation of the industry occurred in [883. From the founding of the business to the present day there have been a number of material changes in the personnel of the concern. The plant has been increased in floor space from time to time since the found- ing of the business, until today it comprises a very large two-story and a half frame building, two story brick office building of modern construction and several small buildings for the accommodation of the machinery, boiler, engine, etc. The factory is built on strictly sanitary lines and the operatives, who vary in number from 100 to 150, rind every comfort found in other modern factories. The business is capitalized at $150,000. It is admitted by the trade that no company produces a higher grade of silk thread and embroidery silk than the Winsted Silk Co. The Morgan Silver Plate Company, manufacturers of casket hardware, was incorporated in 1888 under the Connecticut laws, with a capital of $25,000. The company bought the old Clifton mill property on Clifton and Willow streets and has made many important and substantial improvements from time to time. The main factory building is a three-story structure, 35x102, in addition to which there are storage rooms, boiler rooms, etc. Every modern facility is in- cluded in the equipment of the plant. The chief trade lies with undertakers direct, for whom the company manufactures casket hardware of a high order. In 1900 the company acquired the business of making champagne taps from T. S. Carroll, and this is a department now carried on. In 1902 the company added a section to the building for the manufacture of tin tubes for the trade, as well as for their own use. The first officers of the company were James T. Morgan, general manager, formerly connected with the Strong Mfg. Co., and Salmon A. Granger, secretary and treasurer, formerly superintendent of the New England Pin Co. He died in 1897 and Mr. Morgan retired in 1902. Gilbert L. Hart, who holds the offices of secretary, treasurer and general manager, succeeded Mr. Granger in 1897 and Mr. Morgan in 1902. The late Jay E. Spaulding was president of the company from 1891 until his death in 1910. He was succeeded by George F. Drake, treasurer and general manager of the New England Pin Co. There had been lumber concerns established in Winsted before the Bronson brothers founded, in 1895, the business, now known as the Tiffany & Pickett Co., but none ever attained such large proportions or importance. The latter succeeded the founders in April, 1905. The business was incorporated under the laws of Connecticut in September, 1900. The plant is located in the eastern part of Winsted, on Rowley Street, at the junction of the New York & New Haven and the Central New England railways. Here the Tiffany & Pickett Co. controls eight acres of land equipped with 2,500 feet of sidetracks, thus possessing splendid facilities for receiving lumber, masons' materials, etc., in carload lots. The accommodations as they exist today represent at least double the facilities controlled in the beginning, which goes to illustrate the firm's growth. The business comprises the wholesaling and retailing of lumber, coal and masons' materials, also the manufacture of box shooks, house trim, etc. Every modern machine is installed in the way of wood- working machinery. Another story was recently added to the lumber mill, 40x100, doubling the capacity. There are modern engine and boiler houses, be- 432 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY sides a box factory with a 200 horse-power engine as the propeller. There is a log- sawing mill, substantially built on cement footings and having a capacity for 10,000 feet of lumber daily. There is a 40 horse-power engine in conjunction with this department. The plant is the largest in the line in town. The coal handling facilities embrace fine pockets, the best in Winsted, with a capacity for 2,000 tons, all under cover and possessing devices for filling and dis- charging by gravity. Thirty-five skilled men are employed by the firm. The Carter & Hakes Machine Co. shows a steady growth since it was estab- lished in 1899 by F- P. Carter; and this in spite of the fact that the plant was burned down in 1905, when located on Main Street, opposite the Y. M. C. A. With the spirit of enterprise worthy of note, the company literally picked itself up out of the ashes and opened a plant in the old Kellogg & Wakefield factory on Lake Street. After a sojourn of two years at the Lake Street factory, the large tract of real estate now occupied by the laundry, grist mill, yarn mill, carpenter shop and other buildings, was purchased of Henry Gay, a new factory was erected, and the business moved to its present location. Here every modern facility is afforded for the production of general and special machinery. This is practically the only machine shop in the town where this particular kind of business is carried on, the specialties manufactured comprising machines for milling parts for automobiles, bicycles, sewing machines, typewriters, guns, etc. The company also manufactures special machinery of almost any description, and has built up quite a trade in this line. The plant occupies an area of about 18,000 square feet, this being distributed throughout three stories. On an average thirty-five hands are employed. The Winsted Hardware Mfg. Co., one of Winsted's youngest enterprises, was incorporated in June, 1910, with a capital stock of $100,000. The company purchased the Kellogg & Wakefield plant on Lake Street and a few months later was manufacturing and shipping goods. The business has con- tinued to grow, as it is bound to do, under the present able management, those in charge being practical men and thoroughly acquainted with their lines of business. About fifty hands are employed, and it is expected that in time the number will exceed one hundred. The Goodwin & Kintz Co. was incorporated under Connecticut laws on March Nth, 1807. with a capital of $12,000. The business was established at Shelton, with George Lamping as president, Clemens Kintz, secretary, and Winslow Goodwin, treasurer. In 1899 the business was removed to Winsted and the capital was increased to $24,000. A purchase was made of the Winsted Clock Co.'s factory on North Main Street. On June 12, 1900, President Lamping died and James G. Woodruff was elected president. The business was removed to the Winsted Shoe Co.'s factory on Rowley Street in 1903 by an exchange of prop- erties. Two new brick buildings were erected for a plating room and casting shop. The capital stock was again increased in 1903, this time to $50,000. The present plant comprises about 33,000 square feet of space. Two acres of land adjoining the premises have been acquired recently for the purpose of extending the plant and the erection of another building is contemplated. The number of employees averages 135, many being skilled in their respective branches. The factory buildings of the T. C. Richards Hardware Co., manufacturers of upholstery, fancy and general hardware and brass goods and one of the leading industries of Winsted, were rebuilt promptly after the disastrous fire of Jan. 5, i') 10. which almost totally destroyed the plant. The new buildings are all con- structed of brick, and another story, making five in all, has been added to the main building, which is 35x200 feet and graced with a high castellated square p H /. < ^-* r', o w M o o J o i— i O o I— I i> c Pi I— I n WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 433 tower. These works are located directly on the line of the Central New England Railway and have one of the finest water power privileges in Winsted and an excellent steam plant, used mostly for heating, lacquering, etc. The business was established in 1863 in New York City by Thomas C. Richards and was removed to Winsted in 1874 and the present corporation formed. The founding of the enterprising chair manufacturing concern now conducted under the style of the B. J. Harrison Son Co. goes back to the year 1840, when B. J. Harrison established the business in New York City. The founder died about twenty-five years ago. About that time the present name of the firm was adopted. The business was brought to Winsted in 1905 by E. P. Jones, who still carries it on under the name of the B. J. Harrison Son Co. There are ten different kinds of chairs made here, all folding chairs, in natural, mahogany, rosewood, grain and other finishes. In addition to chairs the com- pany turns out hardwood step-ladders and knock-down card tables. These goods have a great vogue and, like the folding chairs, their market is over the United States, in retail and wholesale quantities ; that is, from one chair to lots of thou- sands. Another branch of business is conducted, namely, the manufacture of cement vaults, used for burial purposes. These comprise three different models and they are sold to the undertakers' trade. This branch was added in April, 1909, and it has already proved a successful enterprise. In every department of the factory, with its 7,000 square feet of floor space and the annexes, the perfection bestowed upon the work is noticeable. The products are first-class and the business has developed materially within the past ten years, since Mr. Jones removed it to Winsted. The growth of the piano and organ trade in this country is making it one of the great industries of America. Contemporary with the expansion of the piano trade is the natural increase of stools and duet benches. It is a unique industry. The John W. Roe Piano Stool Mfg. Co. is located at Boyd and Lake streets. Mr. Roe, who came to an untimely death April 16, 191 1, was a practical cabinet- maker and first engaged in the manufacture of high-grade piano stools and duet benches in 1902. The trade has grown until goods are now shipped to all parts of the United States. The factory comprises a main building, 60x80 feet, and another structure, 22x80 feet, these netting 13,500 square feet of floor space, besides a boiler house, dry kiln and other buildings. The water privilege is one of the finest in town. The plant is equipped with the latest improved wood- turning machinery and every facility is afforded for turning out high grade piano stools and duet benches in different woods and of various artistic designs. From ten to twenty qualified hands are employed. The quality and beauty of the products are unquestioned. THE WINSTED CHAMBER OF COMMERCE The first meeting in the movement to organize the Winsted Business Men's Association was held December 4, T903. and was addressed by Messrs. Holcomb and Temple of Torrington and Mr. Allis of Derby. Arthur L. Clark was chair- man of the meeting, and Daniel Colt secretary. A committee was appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws. Two days later the association was formally organized. J. H. Alvord was elected president, George W. Gage, vice president, and Daniel Colt, secretary and treasurer. During its nearly fourteen years of existence the association has accom- plished many things of importance to the civic life of the borough, especially Vol. 1—28 434 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY in the way of agitating vital public questions, among these being the matter of the installation of water meters, disposal of sewage and garbage, medical inspec- tion of schools, besides questions of general interest throughout the state, the association being a branch of, and affiliated with, the State Business Men's Asso- ciation. The organization of the Winsted Club to unite the various interests of town o m and borough more closely was due to the Business Men's association. The objects of the Winsted Business Men's Association are to "protect its members from bad debts and frauds, to promote by common action the business and social interests of Winsted and its citizens and to co-operate with similiar societies and other cities and the State Business Men's Association." It is now known as The Winsted Chamber of Commerce, and its officers are : President, George F. Drake; secretary, Wm. C. Kemp; treasurer, Charles V. Claflin. THE WINSTED CLUB The first movement in Winsted having as its avowed purpose the uniting of the various sections and interests of the town for civic betterment, industrial im- provement and the cultivation of a higher degree of sociability among the resi- dents, took form in the organization of the Winsted Club in 19 10. The articles of incorporation state that the purpose for which the club was formed is "to inculcate the spirit of civic pride and co-operation, to promote the welfare and enhance the happiness of its members." A lot on Fairview Heights was purchased, and an artistic and commodious clubhouse was occupied in 1Q13. Its officers for 1917 are: President, Charles K. Hunt; secretary, Wm. R. Buck ; treasurer, James Hart. THE WINSTED Y. M. C. A. The present organization of the Winchester Young Men's Christian Associa- tion dates from April n, 1887. Prior to that time, however, the work had been maintained at different times, but not on a permanent basis. Rooms were secured in the Wetmore block, over where the postoffice is now located, and friends sub- scribed $1,500 to maintain the work for a year. The permanence of the move- ment in Winsted was largely due to the work of Edward B. Phillips of Phila- delphia, who became the first general secretary. Mr. Phillips proved the right man in the right place. He was a hard, persistent worker and a champion of every good cause and a tower of strength to the churches. He labored here for thirteen years and his efforts were ably sustained by a group of loyal men and women, many of whom still stand by the association in all its endeavors. The officers and directors at the time of organization were: President, David Strong; vice president, R. E. Holmes ; recording secretary, L. M. Blake ; treasurer, George H. Alvord : directors, H. L. Roberts. David Strong, C. J. York, Gilbert L. Hart, L. C. Colt, I. B. Woodruff, J. A. Smith and George Richards. At the same time a women's auxiliary was organized and became a strong support to the organization and at critical periods has aided the association with generous gifts. The first officers were: President, Mrs. C. J. Camp; vice presi- dents, Mrs. David Strong, Mrs. E. P. Wetmore, Mrs. John Rippere, Mrs. R. E. Holmes; treasurer, Mrs. Henry Gay; secretary, Miss E. Barrett; church rep- resentatives, Miss Olive Barber, Mrs. Emily Steele, Mrs. Clark Strong and Miss Xettie Dean. The work of this noble band of women, many of whom are today WINSTED CLUB, WINSTED WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 435 supporting the association, has had much to do with the progress and developing of the Y. M. C. A. With the strong, aggressive work well maintained, the rooms in the Wetmore block were soon outgrown and the present property on Main Street secured. When Secretary Phillips left in 1900 to enter mission work in Philadelphia, the association had erected a gymnasium in the rear of the home and had built up a strong work for body, mind and spirit. W. A. Wells, an experienced secretary in Y. M. C. A. work in Connecticut, was called to the local field and met the critical conditions wisely and sucessfully. During his term of service G. L. Listman was called to devote his time to the work of the gymnasium and became the first physical director. The three years of service by Mr. Wells were years of progress, and when he resigned to enter business in Hartford, Erwin K. Smith of Attleboro was called to the secretaryship. During his three years of service the final payment on the debt of the property was made and a fund for the new building started. Physical Director Philip H. Slocum was called to be physical director to succeed Mr. List- man, who went to Brooklyn. J. Frank Leonard of Rutland, Vt., followed Mr. Smith in 1906, and during his term of office summer work was carried on for the first time and the all around character of the work maintained. Both Mr. Leonard and Mr. Slocum, after less than two years of service, went to Meriden, and W. J. Maylott of Owensboro, Ky., and A. J. Pitt of Ansonia succeeded them as general secretary and physical director respectively. Mr. Pitt was succeeded by L. J. Denning of Taunton, Mass., who resigned to go to Alton, 111. Work on the new $45,000 Y. M. C. A. building was completed late in 1915. The present officers (1917) of the Y. M. C. A. are: President, Darwin S. Moore ; vice president, Fred Strong ; recording secretary, H. L. Slawson ; treas- urer, Ralph W. Holmes. The Ladies' Auxiliary to the Y. M. C. A. organized in 1887, has as its officers now (1917): Mrs. C. J. Camp, president; Mrs. J. J. Lawler, secretary; Mrs. .Alice D. Vaill, treasurer. THE BANKING INSTITUTIONS OF WINSTED Winsted is particularly fortunate in its strong financial institutions. The following, which are the reports on file January 1, 1917, give an idea of the stability of the town's banks : Capital Surplus Deposits Hurlbut National Bank $205,000 $205,770 $642,460 First National Bank 100,000 35,990 250,000 Mechanics Savings Bank 221,780 1,9^4,210 Winsted Savings Bank 334, 2 6o 2,455,770 The Hurlbut National Bank of Winsted was founded in 1884. Its officers are: President, A. L. Clark ; vice president, L. W. Tiffany ; cashier, W. H. Phelps ; as- sistant cashier, George L. Smith. Its directors are E. B. Gaylord, D. L. Vaill, L. W. Tiffany, E. R. Holmes, W. H. Phelps, James G. Woodruff, and G. L. Clark. The Winsted Savings Bank was established in i860. Its officers are: Dudley L. Vaill, president; S. Landon Alvord, vice president; J. Albert Smith, treasurer; Harold N. Goodwin, assistant treasurer. The Mechanics Savings Bank of Winsted was organized in 1875. Its office's are as follows : H. L. Roberts, president, and Charles S. Jopp. treasurer. The officers and directors of the First National Bank, which was founded m 436 WATERBURY AND THE NAUGATUCK VALLEY 1879, are Lorenzo M. Blake, president; Joseph A. Norton, vice president; Frank D. Hallett, cashier; Charles P. Hallett, assistant cashier. The directors are Edward H. Persons, Lorenzo M. Blake, Joseph A. Norton, Henry L. Roberts, Luman C. Colt, James G. Woodruff, Frank D. Hallett, Frank Sackett, Dwight B. Tiffany. Winsted has shown a steady growth, particularly in the past few years. According to the Government figures, it had a population of 7,760 in 1900. On July 1, 1917, the estimated population, as given by the U. S. census authorities, is 9,345. State health board figures place the population at nearly 11,000 in the fall of 1917. INDEX Abagadasset Club, The, 290 Acids and heavy chemicals, 239 Aldermen, Hoard of, takes place of select- men, 6; from 1893-1920, 14 Algonquin Club, The, 291 Almshouse, The City's, 29 Amateur dramatics and theaters, 301 American Brass Company, 197-199; constab- ulary of, 17 American Chain Co., 234 American Fastener Co., 196, 222 American Indian Collection, 87 A. M. E. Zion Church, Winsted. 423 American Mills Co., 192, 238 American Pin Co., 191, 227 American Ring Co., 195, 215 A. 0. Foresters, 259 Ancient Order of Hibernians, 258 A. 0. U. W., 259 Ansonio Brass & Copper Co., 199 Anti-Tuberculosis League, 173 Architecture, Civic, 136 Associated Charities, 167 Athletic and Sporting Organizations, 293 Atlas Machine Co., 236 Auditorium, The City Hall, 42 Automatic Machinery, 230 Autoyre Co., The, 241 Baby Welfare Station, 178 Baird Machine Co., 196, 243 Ball Heading Machines, 234 Bank Hotel, 156 Bank, Seymour's, 368 Bank Street Bridge, 32 Banking and Insurance, 146 Banks. Savings, 147 Banks of Naugatuck, 359 ; of Torrington, 398; of Winsted, 435 Bannatyne Watch Co., 226 Bar Association. Waterbury, 291 Barge Canal Project, 30, 40; Mr. Preston's report, 40; tidewater and distances, 40; appropriation of congress for survey, 40; Estimated cost of, 40 Barlow, Thomas D., 4, 11 Bartlett, Paul Wayland, 57 Baseball Diamond, 54 Baseball League, the boys', 68 Beach, George M.. 15; sketch of, 21 Beach. George W.. 103 Beacon Falls Rubber Industry, 352 Beginnings of Winsted Borough, 412 Begnal School. The, 72 Benedict & Burnaham Manufacturing Co., 193, 199. 227 Benefactions of Elisha Leavenworth, 283 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, 255 Berbecker & Rowland Manufacturing Co., 191, 221 Bertillon Room, 45 Blake & -Johnson Co., 197, 231 Blessed Sacrament Parish, 130 Board of Education, Torrington. 394 Boards of Waterbury; Finance, 5; Education, 64; Police Commissioners, 15; Public Safe- ty, 5, 15; Public Works, 5 Bonded Debt, 9, 10 Books, Rare, in Bronson Library, 85 Booth & Haydens, 194, 199 Borough government, Naugatuck, 356 Borough Officers, Torrington, 404 Borough Waterworks, Winsted, 412 Boys' Club, 273 Boy Scouts of America, 277 Brass Industry, 180, 199, 214 Brewers, 242 Bridge, the steel, over Potatuck River, 93 Bridge Bonds, 10 Bridgeport Social Telegraph Association, 101 Bridges, Waterbury's new, 30; completed and contemplated, 32 Bristol Co., The, 194, 237 Broadway Hotel, 160 Bronson, Nathaniel R.. 14 Bronson Library, The, 84; branches, 86; Christmas book exhibition, 86; fund, 5; memorial tablets, 90; officers and board of agents, 86 ; pamphlet collection, 85 Bronze Products, 182 Brooklyn Athletic Club, 294 Brown's Hotel, 156 Buckles, Metal Buttons, etc., 241 Bucks Hill and Bunker Hill Schools, 66 Bucks Hill Union Chapel, 120 Buildings destroyed in great fire of 1902, 22, 23 Building Trades Council, 267 Bunker Hill Congregational church, 111 Business, Social, Patriotic Clubs, 285 Buttons, 187 Cairns. Robert A.. 31, 33. 34 Call to Arms, 1917, 314 Calvary Cemetery, 59 Campbell, Andrew C, Inc., 197, 233 Capacity of reservoirs, 33 Catholic Activities, Other, 131 Catholic churches of Waterbury, 122 Catholic Women's Benevolent Legion, 293 Celtic Medical Society, 292 Cemeteries and Parks, Waterbury's, 52 Cemeteries, Jewish, 60 Cemeteries, Torrington's, 402 Census. Watortown, 345 Center School District of Waterbury, The, 5, 62 Central Labor Union, 268 Chamber of Commerce, Waterbury, 226, 285 Chamber of Commerce, Torrington, 399 437 438 INDEX Charities, the Board of, 6, 29 Charlotte Hungerford Hospital, 400 Charter of new Waterbury city government, 5 Chase, living H., 13 ( hase Park, 54; Recreation House of, 55 Chase Rolling Mill Company, 193 ( heshire Loop, 94 Chief Engineers of Waterbury Fire Depart- ment. :.' ; Children, employment of, 79 ( hristian Science Church, Winsted, 423 Chronicles of city of Waterbury, Official, 4-29 Church History,. Watertown, 340; of Nauga- tuck, 354 Church of Immaculate Conception, 123 Church property, Torrington, 385 Churches, Thomaston's, 379; of Seymour, 364; of Torrington, 394 Citizens National Bank, 152 City Clerks, Waterbury, 12 ( tty Court Room, 46 ( ,t\ Engineer's plans for water supply, 33 City Hall, the old, 42; auditorium for the- atrical performances, 42; remodeled, 42; lire of, 43; Annex, 43; the new, 44; com- mission on building, 44; dedication, "Old Home Week," November 25-27, 1915, 44; description of, 44, 45; interior arrange- ments and decorations, 45; dedication, more details, 47; sale of old, 48; receipts and • xpenditures for site and building, 47 City L.mits of Waterbury extended, 5 Citv offices in Lilley Building, 43 City Officials, Office's of, 45 < ii\ Secu ities, 10, 11; interest on, 11 ( Lty Sheriffs, 1893-1918, 13 City, town and school governments, consoli- dation of, 4, 5 Civic Architecture of a Quarter Century, 136 Clark Commander}', 248 C.ark School, 71 Clearing house, the, 147 Cock and Bell, The City Hall, 46 (hck on The Green. The', 48 ( lock Tower, on The Green, and donations for, 56 Cl< ckmakers, Town of, 377 Clocks, Watches, Pins, etc.. 224 Clubs and Associations, 285 ( < e Brass Company. 199 College li quest, the Porter, 83 Colley's, Mr., efforts toward part improve- ments, 56 Colonial Trust Company, 153 Communication and Transportation, 92 Community Christmas Trees, 283 Community Efforts, Philanthropy and Re- forms, 27 Comptrollers, since 1893. 12 Conflagration of February, 1902, 22 C< nnecticut Brass Foundry Company, 218 Connecticut historical collection, 89 Connecticut Manufacturing Company. 223 Connecticut Railway & Lighting Company, 97 1 ons ;rvation Plans for the Naugatuck River, 37 Constabulary, Waterbury's, 16 ( 'out inental Lodge, 2 15 Continuation School, 76 of Masonic Temple, 323 ; manu- Cooley House, 156 Corner stone layin Waterbury, 250 Corporations, active and lapsed facturing, 237; dissolved, 333 Cost of reservoirs and capacity, 40 Country Club of Waterbury, The, 289 Court House, The Waterbury, 49; buildin of the new, dedication and cost, and court rooms, 50 Craft and Industry Institute, 280 Croft, Margaret, sketch of, 82 Croft School, the Margaret, 66 Crosby, Minot Sherman, 81 Crosby High School, 67; crowded of, in 1911, 69; attendance improvements, 71 Curtin, Rev. Jeremiah J., 134 49; jury in condition 1914 and Dams and Reservoirs, 33 Dams No. 1, 2 and 3, as projected, 39 Dates of dissolution of Corporations, 333 Daughters of America, 178 Daughters of American Revolution, 292 Daughters of Rebekah. 252 Davis, William H., 273 Dedication of New City Hall, 44 Delmar Hotel, 160 De Long Company, The, 234 IHntal Association, Waterbury, 291 Departments of Education and Public Health, 5 Diamond drills. 240 Dime Savings Bank, Waterbury, 151 Dissolved Corporations, 333 Domestic Science, 76 Donovan, M. C, 83 Doolittle, Thomas B., telephone pioneer, 101 Draft, The, 314 Drainage and water supply, 33 Drainage Bonds, 10 Drama and Music, 298 Eagle Brewing Co., 243 Eagles, Fraternal Order of, 261 Earle's Hotel, 156 Early closing movement in Waterbury, 282 Early History of Thomaston, 377 Early History of Torrington, 387 East Main Street high school, 64 East Mountain Reservoirs, 33 Eastern Brass & Ingot Company, 196, 218 Education, department of, 5, 6; the Water- bury board of, 64 Egan, Chief George M., 15, 16, 19, 21 Electric Railroad System, 96 Electric Railroads, noted managers of, 105 Elks, The, of Waterbury, 255 Elks Club in Waterbury, 291 Elks Clubhouse, Torrington, 402 Elm-beetle year, the, 54, 55 Elton, John P., 11, 15 Elton Hotel, 156 Employment Offices, Waterbury, 187 Engine Company No. 1, Waterbury, 21 Eucl'd Avenue Park, 55 Eureka Chapter, No. 22, R. A. M., 248 Evangelical Lutheran St. John's church of Waterbury, 119 Evening schools, average attendance of, 61; attendance in 1911. 69 i\di:\ 439 Exemption hoards. :;14 Exercises at dedication of City Ball, Express Companies, 100 47 Factory contraction in Waterbury, 190 Farrel Foundry & Machine Company, 230 Federal Building of Waterbury, 50 Finances of Waterbury in last twenty-five years, 6-11 Fire of 1902, 22; fighting the, 24, 25; loss of life, 25; buildings destroyed and value, 25, 26; its eil'eets. 156 Fire Alarm station, the Central, of Water- bury, 22 Fire and police departments, Naugatuck, 361 Fire and police departments, Winsted, 413 Fire Department of Waterbury, history of for 1893 to 1!> 17, 21; buildings of, 21; volunteers of. 21: equipment of, 22; force in 1917. :.".'•. chief engineers of, 27; new home in City Hall, 45 Fires of last quarter century in Waterbury, 26 First Baptist Church of Waterbury, 116 First Baptist Church, Winsted. 422 First Church, Congregational, Waterbury, 107 First Church of Christ, Scientist, Waterbury, 120 First Congregational Church, Thomaston, 379 First Methodist Episcopal Church of Water- bury, 114 First 'settler in Torringford, 389 First town meeting. Winchester, 408 Fitzhenry, Peter, 14 Fitzsimons, Father, 59 Flag, Waterbury's Municipal. 47 Flag-Pole, The. 56 Flanders Hotel, 100 Foreign -born population, 79 Foresters, 259 Foresters of America, 259 Foundries and machine shops. 230 Fountains, public, 53: on The Green, 58 Foxboro Company, The, 237 Franklin. Benjamin, monument of, 56 Franklin House, 156 Fraternal Order of Eagles, Waterbury Lodge, 261 French Manufacturing Company, 195, 217 French Societies, 265 Fry, B. H. & Company, 190 Gaffney, -lames F.. 198 Garbage Disposal, problems of Waterbury's, 29 G. A. R. Post, Waterbury. 295 Gaylord Farm Sanatorium. 174 General Manufacturing Company, 197, 222 German Evangelical Lutheran church of Wa- terbury, 118 i lerman Societies. 266 Gilbert Home for friendless children. 406 Gilbert Home, The William L., 416 Gilbert School, -4<>r, Girls' Club and Industrial School. Water- bury, 278 Goodyear, Charles. 350 i,. --. donation to park system, .")■"> Gothic Hall. 42 Grade Crossings, elimination of, 93 i. land l.i-t of Waterbury since 1893,6. 7 Grand List. Borough of Torrington, 403 Grandview Avenue Bridge, '■'<:: Green, The, 52; later history of. :.."> "Green" Line. The, 100 Grace Baptist church, Waterbury, 118 (.race Methodist Episcopal Church, Water- ville, 115 Half holiday s. 2s2 Hall. S. \\'.. bequest for Memorial Chapel, 58 Hamilton Lark, one of beauty spots of Wa- terbury, 52 Harmony Lodge, No. 42. F. & A. M.. 245 Hartford, Windsor and Winsted land claims, 407 Hartford Register Company, 101 Hart Hollow, 390 Hartley, Oeorge, 196 Hartley Wire Die Company, 241 Harty,' Rev. William A., 59 Hay den collection, 90 Haves, A. P., 13 Health, Board of Public, 28; officers, 28; in- spectors, 28; commissioners, 29 Heavy chi micals, 239 Heitman, Chief Engineer Henry H., 27 Hellman Brewing Company, 242 Heminway & Bartlett Silk Company, 195 Henderson Brothers, 234 Hendricken, Father, 59 Hendricken School, additions to, 72 Highways, Torrington's first, 389 High school attendance, 68 High school pupils, number of Waterbury's, 62 High Schools. The Crosby, 67; The Wilby, 81 Historical Society, the Mattatuck, 61 History of Waterbury, interesting happen- ings in the, 86 History of Catholic Church in Winsted, 424 History of Torrington's Cemeteries, 402 History of Winsted's Churches. 419 Hoadley, H. G., 232 Hodson's Hotel, Waterbury, 160 Holmes, Booth & Haydens, 228 Holy Xame Societies, 132 Home of Rubber Industry, 346 Homes, Some Naugatuck. 362 Hook and Ladder Company No. 2, Water- bury, 21 Hooks and Eyes. Pins. Needles, etc., 224 Hosiery Makers, 212 Hospital, Charlotte Hungerford, 400: Litch- field County. 41S Hotchkiss. William B.. 11, 12 Motels, 156 Housing problem, Waterburv's, 141 Hungerford, Charlotte. Hospital, 400 Ice Companies of Waterbury. 242 Improved order of Red Men. 261 [mprovement Ponds. 10 Improvements on Waterburv's streets, 31 Incorporations tiled. L894 1917, 323 I. i). o. F., 251 independent Order of Foresters, 260 Industrial Development, Watertown's, 342 Industrial Development. Winsted's, 427 Industrial Expansion, Torrington's. 391 Industrial School and Girls' Club. Waterbury. 440 INDEX Industries of Torrington, larger, 386 Ingersoll "Dollar - ' Watch, 187, 224 Ingersoll, R. H. & Brother, 225 Insurance and Banking History of Water- bury, 146; recent development of, 155 Institute of Craft and Industry, 280 International Silver Company, 190. 237 Iron horse's first visit, 409 Italian Congregational Church, 111 Italian Societies of Waterbury, 266 Jackson, Thomas F., 195 Jacques' Theater, 302 Jewish Cemeteries, 60 Jury and Court Rooms in New Courthouse, 50 Kalbfleisch Corporation, The, 190, 239 Kellogg, Frank W., hero of Manila Bay, 312 Kennedy, Joseph P., 83 Kiefer, Daniel, 4 Kilduff, Hon. E. G„ 4, 11, 15, 18 Kingsbury Hotel, 160 King's Daughters, 177 Knights of Columbus, 256 Knights of the Golden Eagle, 263 Knights of Maccabees, 264 Knights of Pythias, 253 Kork-N-Seal Caps, 240 Labor Organizations, 267 Ladies' Auxiliary, A. O. H., 258 Lamps, 187 Lane Manufacturing Company. 241 Larkin, William J., 13 Leavenworth, Elisha, 229 Leavenworth, Elisha, donation to Franklin Monument, 56 Leavenworth, Elisha, gifts of, 54, 87, 283 Letter carriers' organization, 51 Lewis, Truman S., gift toward clock, 56 Liberty Loans, Red Cross, etc., 316 Liberty Street Bridge, 32 Library, The Bronson, 84; Seymour, 368; Torrington, 399; Waterbury, 61; Water- town, 342 Library Park, 54, 58, 86 Lilley,' Hon. George L, 13, 319 List of Incorporations filed, 1894-1917, 323 Litchfield County Hospital, 418 Local Unions, 268 Long- Wind Waterbury. The, 225 Loose-leaf metal ring, 241 Losses, few manufacturing, 243 Loss of Life in Fire 1902, 25 Loyal Order of Moose, 260 Ludington Cigaret Machine Company, 233 Lux Clock .Manufacturing Company, 227 McGivney day, 135 McGrath, John F., 13 Machine Shops and Foundries, 230 .Mad River, 405 Mad River Bridge, 32 Manufacturers' Foundry Co., 191, 2.35 Manufacturers' National Bank, 152 Manufacture, Seymour's, 368 Manufacturing Corporations, Waterbury's, 237 Mam ille Brothers Company, 243 Manville, E. J. Machine Co., 191, 231 Margaret Croft School, 66 Masonic and other fraternal orders, 245 Masonic Building Fund Trustees, 245 Masonic Choir, 300 Masonic Temple, 250; dedicated, 251 Mattatuck Historical Society, The, 61; erec- tion of Sled Hall Brook memorial tablet, 48; purposes, etc., 86; list of collections, 88; officers and committees of, 91 Mattatuck Manufacturing Company, 194, 221 Mattatuck Rod & Gun Club, 294 Matthews & Willard Manufacturing Com- pany, 198, 213 May Festival, 1917, 300 Mayors of Waterbury, 11; vote on, 11, 12 Medical Association, Waterbury, 291 Memorial Chapel, the, 58; dedication of, 59; renovation of and donations to, 59 Merchants Trust Company, 153 Metal buttons, buckles, etc., 241 Metal Specialties Company, 236 Metal Specialty Manufacturing Company, 197 Methodist church, Thomaston, 380; Winsted, 421 Mexican border troubles, 313 Military activities, 312 Military Band, Boys' Club, 276 Miller, Mahlon D., railroad man, 104 Modern Woodmen of America, 262 Monuments to Roehambeau's army, 317 Morden Manufacturing Company, 241 Morris Plan Bank, 149 Morris Reservoirs, 33 Mothers' Club, The, 293 Mount Olive A. M. E. Zion church of Water- bury, 116 Movie period, The, 303 Mulcahy, Rev. John A., 59, SO Mulcahy School, the, 65; fire of the, 71 Murder cases, celebrated. 17 Museum, the Bronson Library, 85 Music and the drama, 298 Mutual Aid Society, The, 15 Naturalist Club, The, 290 National Company, 197. 218 National Guard arrives in Street Car Strike, 19, 20 National Wire Mattress Company, 243 Naugatuck, 346 Division, 92 Division double-tracked, 30 Fire and Police Departments, 361 From Colonial Period, 347 Homes, some, 362 Public Utilities, 360 . Railroad Company, 409 River Conservation, 30, 37 River, diverting the, 30 Schools, 353 Y. M. C. A., etc., 362 Naugatuck's Banks, 359 Naugatuck's Churches, 354 Naugatuck's early industrial development, 349 Naugatuck's new post office, 361 Naugatuck's principal industries, 350 Needles, pins, hooks and eyes, 183, 224 New Britain Machine Company, 232 New England Order of Protection, 263 INDKX 441 New England Watch Company, 194 Newspapers, Torrington. 401; Waterbury, 307 j Winsted, 125 New York and New England Railroad, 94 New York. New Haven & Hartford Railroad, double tracks Naugatuck Division. 30 New York. New Haven cv. Hartford Railroad, improvements on. 93 New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, \ iaduct, 32 Noera Manufacturing Company, 196, 222 Xosahogan Piscatorial Association. 290 Notre Dame, Academy of, 80 Novelty Manufacturing Company, 220 Oakville Company, The. L95, 229 Odd Fellows. 2.-> l odd Fellows Hall dedicated, 253 Old Home Week, 44 Old Home Week, addresses by Revs. Daven- port. Buckley, Anderson, Fitzsimons, Cap- tain Wolff, Mayor Scully, and others, 48; celebrations, banquets and parades in hon- or of Governor Holcomb and other notables, Colonel Geddes, grand marshal, 48; chil- dren's parade, 47; dedication of new city hall, 47 O'Neil & Warner, 193 One thousand hands employed, 229 Open Air School, the, 78 Open air sports, 55 Oratorio performances, 299 Order of Heptasophs, 261 ( >rder of Owls, 264 Order of the Silver Star, 265 Order of United American Mechanics, 262 Our Lady of Lourdes Parish, 129 Over Age classes, 76 Panneton, George, 198 Paper making, 373 Park appropriations, Waterbury. -52 Park Bonds, Waterbury's, 10 Park property, valuation of, Waterbury, 55 Parks and cemeteries, Waterbury, 52 Parks, Torrington's, 402 Parochial Schools. Waterbury, 80 Patrick Sarsfield Club. 297 Patriotic Societies, 296 Patriotic and Social Clubs, 285 Patrons of Husbandry, 265 Pavement record, Torrington, 404 Paving Bonds, Waterbury, 10 I 'easier, James A., 13 Pension Fund. Waterbury police department, 15 Philanthropy, etc., 270 Physical training in Waterbury schools, 68 Pilling Brass Co.. 196, 217 Pin Companies. The, 227 Pine Grove Cemetery. 59; trustees of, 60 Pins, needles, hooks and eyes, 187, 224 Pitch Brook reservoir, Prospective. 33 Piatt. Lewi- A.. 13 Piatt. A. .V Co., 220 Piatt Brothers & Co.. 193. 219 Playgrounds. .">:;•. first community, 68 Plume & Atwood Manufacturing Co., 190. 199, 214, 229 Poli's Theater. 302 Vol. 1—29 Police. Department of, 1">: private, 16; super- intendents of, 21: modem quarters in new City Ball, 15 Police Commissioners, Board of, 15 Police ( tar age, 45 Police pension fund, L5 Police reserve fund, 15 Police signal system, the Gamewell, 15 Police and lire departments, Winsted, 413 Population, growth of Waterbury's, 31 Population of Torrington, 385 Porter College Bequest, the David G., 83 Postoffice, The old Waterbury, 50; in Odd Fel- lows Building, 50; site of new building, 50; guaranty fund, 50; growth of, 51 Postoffice, new, Naugatuck, 361 Postal deliveries, 51 Postal routes and postal carriers, 51 Postal savings department. 51 Postal substations, 51 Postmasters of Waterbury, 51 Princess Theater, 304 Probate. Judges of, since 1893, 13 Professional and Business Clubs, 285 Proprietors, Common, 53 Protestant churches, Waterbury, 107 Public Health. Department of, 5; commis- sioners of, 29 Public Safety, Board of 5, 15 Public Works, Board of, 5 Public, private and parochial schools, 61 Public utilities, Naugatuck, 360 Pupils, Enumeration of School, 61 Purification tanks and sewage disposal, Wa- terbury, 35 Queen's Daughters, 178 Railroad contests. Waterbury's, 98 Railroad viaduct, 32 Randolph & Clowes Company, 194, 199, 215 Rapid growth of Torrington, 385 Rare editions in Library, 85 Recent Insurance History of Waterbury, 155 Reeves, Francis T., 11, 12 Reforms, etc., 270 Recreation Rod and Gun Club, 293 Red Cross, Liberty Loans, etc., 316 Red Men, Order of, 261 Red Mountain, 387 Representatives, Waterbury's, to State Leg- islature, 13 Reservoirs, built and prospective, 33 Reservoirs for water supply. 30 Rialto Theater, 304 Riggs, G. G., 198 Riots, Street Car, 17, 18 Riverside Cemetery, 53: Waterbury's oldest burial plot, 58; trustees, 59 Riverside Drive, improvements on, 54 Rochambeau, Monuments to, 317 Rogers & Brother, 196, 237 Rogers & Hamilton Company, 237 Root, Judge Charles G.. 4 Rowbottoin Machine Company, 191, 233 Royal Arcanum. 265 Rubber industry, the, 346 Rubber industry at Beacon Falls. 352 Rural Routes, 51 Russell School, the. 65 442 INDEX St. Ann's church, Waterbury, 126 St. Cecilia's parish, 127 St. Francis Xavier parish, 128 St. James* Protestant Episcopal church, Win- sted, 422 St. John's Episcopal church, Waterbury, 112 St. Joseph's cemeteries, old and new, 59 St. Joseph's parish, 128 St. Margaret's parish, 130 St. Margaret's School for Girls, 79 St. Mary's Hospital, 164 St. Mary's Parochial School, 80 St. Patrick's church, Waterbury, 124 St. Paul's Episcopal church, Waterville, 114 St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church, Water- bury, 115 St. Stanislaus parish, 131 St. Thomas' Catholic church, Thomaston, 381 St. Thomas parish, Waterbury, 129 Sacred Heart church, Waterbury, 125 Sacred Heart Convent, 80 Saengerfests in Waterbury, 301 Salvation Army, 178 Sandland, William H. 11, 12 Savings Banks, 147 Savings Records, 148 School, The Continuation, 76; the open air, 78; the salesmanship, 78; the vocational, 72 School additions in 1910. Waterbury, 68 School and city governments, consolidation of, 63 School Bonds, Waterbury, 10 School Census, 61; in 1904, 66; in 1907, 67; in 1912, 69; in 1917, 82 School conditions in 1911 described by super- intendent, 68 School districts, consolidation of, 4, 5 School enumeration in 1916, Waterbury, 72 School enrollment, Torrington's, 385 School expenses, Waterbury, 62 School property, value of, Waterbury, 74 School registration, 1917, 82; medical inspec- tion, 82 School report of superintendent in 1912, 69 School rooms, number of, 61 School taxation, 62 Schools, Waterbury, 61; crowded conditions of, 66; physical training in, 68; superin- tendent given full control of, 71; new, in 1915, 72; parochial, 80; private, 79 Schools of Watertown, 341; of Naugatuck, 353; of Seymour, 367; of Torrington, 393 Scovill House, 156 Scovill Manufacturing Co., 194. 199, 204; private police of, 16 Scovill Park donations, 55 Scully Martin. 11, 12, 16 Second Advent Christian Church of Water- bury, 119 Second Baptist church of Waterbury, 118 Second Church, Congregational, 109 Second Congregational church, Winsted, 420 Senators, Waterbury's, to the state legisla- ture, 13 Seth Thomas. 383 Sewage, bonds. 10; pollution and damages recovered. ::.">: disposal. 30; plan for plant, 35 Sewer construction, 20; during last twenty- five years, 37 Sewers, principal, 36 Seymour Smith & Son, Inc., 234 Seymour churches, 364 Seymour Electric Light Co., 374 Seymour Public Library, 368 Seymour Record, The, 364, 375 Seymour schools, 367 Seymour, the town of, 364 Seymour Water Co., 374 Seymour's Bank, 368 Seymour's Fire Department, 375 Seymour's Manufacturing interests, 368 Seymour's Park and monument, 375 Seymour's three names, 364 Seymour's town officers, 376 Shepherds of Bethlehem, 263 Sheriffs, city of Waterbury, 13 Shoe Hardware Co., 190, 219 Silk Industry in Winsted, 431 Simonsville Manufacturing Co., 223 Site of Waterbury, 30 Skating rink, Waterbury, 53 Sled Haul Brook Tablet, 47 Slocum,Very Rev. William J., 59, 132 Slocum school plans, 70 Small-wire drawing, 240 Smith, J. E. & Co., 195 Smith's Hotel. 160 Smith & Griggs Manufacturing Co., 196, 219 Snagg, Samuel C. 22; report of, 22, 23; biog- raphy of, 27 Snap buttons, etc., 236 Snap fasteners, buckles, etc., 241 Social Service Club, Waterbury, 171 Social Clubs, Waterbury, 285 Societies, Seymour, 376 Soldiers' Monument, Waterbury, 56 Soldiers' Monument, Watertown, 344 Soldiers to Ticonderoga, 409 Somers Co., Inc., 223 Sons of St. George, 263 Sons of Veterans, 296 Southmayd Home, 176 South Methodist Episcopal and West Side Hill Churches, 116 Spanish-American War celebration, 313 Sporting Organizations, 293 Sprague School, the, 66; fire of the, 70; gym- nasium, 71 Spring Lake Ice Company, 242 Stafford House. 160 Stag Hotel, 160 Standard Electric Time Company, 244 Standard Engineering Company, 197 Stanley Park, 53 State Free Employment Bureau, 187 State Legislature, representatives of Water- bury to, 13 Steele's Brook bridge, 32 Steele & Johnson Manufacturing Company, 193, 218 Strand Theater, 304 Stratton Hotel, 156 Streets, widening and reconstruction of, Wa- terbury, 31 Strike, Street car, of 1903. 17 INDEX 443 Superintendent of Waterbury schools in full charge of physical as well as educational end of system, 71 Superior Court for New Haven County, 49 Swedish Baptist Tabernacle, 118 Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Zion Church of Waterbury, 119 Swedish Societies, 266 Swimming pool, Waterbury's public, 53 Symphony and Philharmonic orchestras, 298 Tanneries, 427 Taxation of schools, 62 Tax collectors. City, since 1893, 12, 13 Tax rate for twenty-five years, 8, 9 Teachers, the training school for, 65 Telegraph companies, 100 Telephone advancement, 102 Telephone exchange, the first in the world, 102 Telephone, list of subscribers, 103 Telephone managers of Waterbury, 105 Telephone, present equipment, 103 Telephone, The, in Connecticut, 101 Temperance movement, The, 280 Tennis courts, community, 68 Tennis grounds, 54 Terry. Eli, 381 Theaters and amateur dramatics, 301 Third Church, Congregational, Waterbury, 110 Thomaston, town of Clockmakers, 377 Thomaston's industrial development, 381 Thomaston's town history, 378 Thomas, Seth, 383 Thomas. Seth, Clock Co.. 384 Thorns. William E., 11, 14 Thoroughfares, Construction of principal, 30 Tinker, B. W.. sketch of, 80 Tierney, Rev. Michael, 59 Torringford Settlement 389 Torrington churches, 394 Torrington geographically, 387 Torrington Library, 399 Torrington News, The, 401 Torrington Register, The. 401 Torrington's Banks, 398 Torrington's borough history, 403 Torrington's cemeteries, 402 Torrington's chamber of commerce, 399 Torrington's Elks Clubhouse, 402 Torrington's first highways, 389 Torrington's industrial expansion, 391 Torrington's larger industries, 386 Torrington's newspapers, 401 Torrington's parks. 402 Torrington's rapid growth. 385 Torrington's schools, 393 Torrington's Y. M. C. A.. 400 Town Clerks. Waterbury. 13 Town officers, Seymour's. 376 Town plot school district. The. 64 Town's cemetery, 60 Tracy, Cornelius. 13 Training School for Teachers, 65 Transportation and communication, 92 Transportation, Seymour's, 375 Treasurers since 1893, city of Waterbury, 12 Trinity Episcopal church, Thomaston, 380; Waterbury. 113 Trolley catastrophe of 1907, 93; strike of 1903, 17; report on by chief of police, 19; expense of, 20 Trolley system, expansion of. 96; managers of, 105 Union Chapel, Mill Plain, 120 Union Station, 93 In ions. Local, 268 United Charities, 175 United Order of Golden Cross. 264 United Order of Pilgrim Fathers, 264 Village Improvement Society, Watertown, 344 Vocational .School, the new. 72 Vote on Mayor, 1893-1917, 11, 12 Wadham Post, G. A. R., 295 Wage Earners. 188 Walsh School, the, 65 War and Military Activities. 312 War Funds, 316 War relics, revolutionary and civil, 90 Watches, clocks, pins, etc.. 224 Washington House, The General, 362 Water Bonds, Waterbury, 10 Water resources of the Naugatuck valley, 38 Water System. 30, 32 Water tower on Hill Street. 34 Waterbury American, The, 307 Waterbury Automobile Club, 290 Waterbury Battery Company, 192, 239 Waterbury Boys' Club, 273* Waterbury Building Trades Council, 267 Waterbury Brass Company, 192 Waterbury Brass & Bronze Company, 197 Waterbury Brass Goods Company, 196, 217 Waterbury Buckle Company. 197. 221 Waterbury Button Company. 195 Waterbury Castings Company, 190, 235 Waterbury Clearing House, 147 Waterbury Clock Company, 187, 192. 225 Waterbury Club, The, 288 Waterburv Corporations, active and lapsed, 323 Waterbury Council. Xo. 21. R. & S. M., 248 Waterbury Crucible Company. 195, 243 Waterbury Cutlery Company. 192. 241 Waterbury Hay Nursery, 175 Waterbury Democrat. The, 3D? Waterbury-Derby Barge Canal Project, 30, 40 Waterbury Driving Association, 290 Waterbury Farrel Foundry Company, 230 Waterbury Farrel Foundry & Machine Com- pany, 191 Waterbury Foundry Company, 198, 235 Waterbury Hospital, 161 Waterbury Ice Corporation, 242 Waterbury in State Affairs. 319 Waterbury Instrument Company. 242 Waterbury Jewel Company. 240 Waterbury Lumber & Coal Company, 198 Waterbury Machine Company, 192, 230 Waterbury Manufacturing Company, 193 Waterburv Masonic Aid Association, 249 Waterbury Masonic Temple. 250 Waterbury Metal Wares Company. 223 Waterbury National Bank. 154 Waterbury Paper Box Company, 195, 238 Waterburv Pistol and Rifle Club. 294 444 INDEX Waterbury Pressed Metal and Tool Company, 236 W 'aterbury Republican, The, 308 Waterbury Rolling Mills, 196, 216 Waterbury Savings Bank, 150 Waterbury Standard Tool Company, 236 Waterbury Superior Court, 49 Waterbury Tool Company, 197, 232 Waterbury Traction Company, 96 \\ aterbury Trust Company, 154 Waterbury Welding Company, 198 Waterbury Women's Club, 292 W aterbury's Catholic Churches, 122 Waterbury's housing problem, 141 W aterbury's nearest neighbor, 346 Watertown and its industries, 339 Watertown Census, 345 Watertown Church History, 340 Watertown, D. A. R., 345 Watertown Fire Department, 344 Watertown industrial development, 342 Watertown Library. 342 Watertown Schools, 341 Watertown Town Officials, 345 Waterville Cemetery, 60 Waterville Chapel, 121 Waterville Corporation, 193 Webster & Briggman, 197 Webster, Daniel F., 11, 13 Webster School, improvements on, 67 Weekly and Monthly Press, The, 310 Welch, H. L. Hosier v Company, 242 Wells, A. H. & Company, 194, 216 Welton Fountain, the, 58 Westover school, the, 79 West Side Savings Bank, 153 Whipping post, 411 White, L. C. Company, 222 White & Wells Company, The, 239 Whittemore Bridge, The, 357 Congregational Church, 406 Whittemore Gifts, The, 358 Whittemore. John H, 37 Whittemore Memorial Library, 354 Wigwam Reservoirs, 33 Wilby High School, the new, 81 Wilby, Stephen W., sketch of, 81 Williams Sealing Corporation, 240 Wilmot, Robert, 198 Winchester Center 421 Winchester merged, 406 Windermere Park, 52 Windsor Hotel, 160 Windsor Land Claim, 407 Winsted Banks, 434 Winsted Club, The, 434 Winsted History from Colonial Days, Winsted in the Hills, 405 Winsted lighting system, 414 Winsted newspaper history, 425 Winsted Schools, History of, 414 Winsted Sewer System, 414 Winsted Y. M. C. A., 434 Winsted's Church History, 419 Winsted's Industrial Development, 427 Winsted's public library, 417 Winsted Silk Co., The, 431 Wire-drawing dies, 240 Wire-working machinery, 236 Wolcott, Governor. 388' Wolcottville, 388 W. C. T. U., 282 Women's Clubs and Associations, 292 Woodmen of the World, 262 Workmen's Circle, 263 Workmen's Compensation Law, 189 Young, Alden M., 105 Y. M. C. A., etc., Naugatuck, 362; Torring- ton, 400; Waterbury. 270: Winsted, 434 University of Connecticut Libraries