iilppiiiiliijii iitii il lyiti the university of Connecticut libraries n hbl.stx Z 1317.A8B Bibliographical and historical ess 3 T1S3 GGHÖ77TD h4 > 00 03 ^BIBLIOGRAPHICAL HISTORICAL ESSAY DUTCH BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS/ RELATING TO ^ ptcUjntiia Companp and to hb tjoifcfiionö in ^ra^i/ Itngola etc./ AS ALSO ON THE MAPS, CHARTS, ETC. OF NEW-NETHERLAND , with facfimilcs of the map of Ncw-Netherland by N. I. VISSCHER and of the three exifting views of New-Amfterdam. COMPILED FROM THE DUTCH PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIBRARIES, AND FROM THE COLLECTION OF Mr. FREDERIK JMULLER IN Amsterdam, BY G. M. 4SHER. L, L.D. Privat-Docent of Roman law in the Univerfity of Heidelberg. AMSTERDAM, FREDERIK MULLER. 1854 — 67. 13-1? AS B ■ I DEDICATE TUIS BOOK TO THt MEMORY OF MY FATHER M». A. ASHER, BOOKSELLER OF BERLIN; AND TO THE MEMORIES OF ALL THOSE OTHER NEAR AND DEAR ONES WHO HAVE, LIKE HIM, DIED SINCE THE FIRST PAGES OF THIS BOOK WERE PRINTED. CONTENTS. Pag. Preface and Introduction '^'i I DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW-NETHERLAND I II HISTORY. A. West-India Company ; Introduction 29 1. Sources for the General history of the W. I. Company 40 2. Writings of W. UfTclincx 73 3. Documents relating to the fundamental Conftitution of the Company 9^ 4. Eaft-India Company 1622—23 I05 5. Writings in behalf of the Wcfl-India-Company 1622—23.. 108 6. War with Spain 1624—26 "5 7. Amftcrdamfche Requeften 1628 1 18 8. Piet Heyn 1628 ^^9 9. Truce with Spain 1629—30 124 10. War with Spain 1630—40 128 1 1 Free trade with Brasil 1630—39 I35 12. Portugal delivered; truce with Portugal 1641 138 13. Brasil 1643—44 ^42 VI CONTENTS. Pag. 14. Brasil and Angola 1645—50 148 15. Treaty of Rlunller 1648 162 16. Brasil lofl;. War and Peace with Portugal 1650—63 163 17. Balthazar Gerbier (1656—60) 172 18. Schulenburg (1662) 174 19. Coymans (1662) 175 20. Difputes with the Danes and the Englifh (1660—64) 176 B. History of New-Netherland 180 APPENDIX 220 ALPHABETICAL INDEX 223 LIST OF THE MAPS AND CHARTS OF NEW-NETHERLAND. Introduction . Pag. 3 Maps 7 Charts 18 Views of New-Amfterdam 20 Lift of the names on the maps. Map of New-Netherland. Engraved views of New-Amfterdam : 1. About 1640. Title page of the lift of maps. 2. About 1655. On the map. 3- About 1666. On the lift of names. PREFACE. The prefent book, though published now, in 1867, was in pan ready for the press in October 1853, having been got up during the fummer of that year, in about four months time. The publisher intended isfuing it in 6 pans, from January to November 1854, but the great difliculty of the typographical exe- cution and many other adverfe circumftances have impeded its progress. The author is therefore now called upon to introduce to the notice of the public a book written whilst he was dill a univerfity student. And examining it again after such a lapse of time, he is, of course, ftruck by its many defects. For them he has but the one excufe that circumstances independent from his will forced him to work fpeedily or to give up the task. The main purpofe of the book may eafily be underftood from its title-page. But more detail is necesfary to call attention to some of its pans, to lay its plan before the reader, and to fhow what reliance can be placed on the sta- tements it contains. The book is intended to be as complete a collection as the author was able to make it, of the printed materials for the history and description of NEW- NETHERLAND; that is: of that portion of North America which the Dutch West-India-Company claimed and held till 1664. C*) The fources here collected consist: I. OF DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW-NETHERLAND. Thefe have been analyfed where-ever they were not themfelves to be confidered as original documents and it has been fhown how the compilations were formed. (*) The states of New-York and New Jersey, the greater part of Pennsyl- vania and part of Maryland. n. II. HISTORY. This part has been di%nded into two lections; the former of which contains the fources for the history of the • West-India Company. That former fection includes everything relating to the West-India-Company the author has lighted upon during his refearches, with the exception of ven." few tracts relating too fpecially to Brazil or Africa to allow of their admission in a bibliography devoted to New-Netherland. The fecond pan contains the printed documents bearing specially on the history of New-Netherland itfelf. m. A LIST OF THE ISIAPS AND CHARTS OF NEW-XETHERLAND AXD OF THE VIEWS OF NEW A^ISTERDAINI with a map, three views and a list of names. The following libraries have been consulted: AT THE HAGUE: The ROYAL LIBRARY posfesfes a very celebrated collection of pamphlets, extending from PMlip II' time to the iS*^ centur>-; and containing in about 430 chronologically arranged volumes, above 20,000 pamphlets. It is called the Bibliotheea Duneaniana, Of this collection the volumes from 1600 to 1664 were gone through; the author bellowing as least a searching look on everv* Gngle pamphlet; fo as to ascenain pofitively whether it did or did not belong to his fubject. The number of pamphlets fo examined amounts to about 7,000. In the fame manner two other collections of the fame library were ufed- The one, called the mtte (white) collectie, on account of its half bindings with vellum backs, contains about 1500 pieces of the years 1600 — 1664; the other, in loofe parts, contains about 800 of the fame date. A fmall collection, bearing fpecially on the fubject in view, and formed from various flocks of the library by the well known deputy-keeper Mr. CampbeU, was alfo most obligingly laid before the author. So were alfo fome hooks (not pamphlets) of rare occtirrence and a number of valuable maps. During his refearche» in this eftablishment the author always enjoyed the fup- fuppon of the principal librarian Mr. Holtrop; and he was laid ander no ordinary' obligation by the unremitting zeal with which the deputy librarian^ Mr. Campbell, farthered his ftudies; felecting for him materials which would elfe have escaped his notice, and facilitating his labours in a way for which no thanks can be adequate. A few investigations amongft the Royal Archives, regarding principally old maps and feme fpecial data, were much facilitated by the kindnefs of the late principal archivift Dr. Bakhuizen ran den Brink and of Mr. de Zwaan. AT LEYDEN: the Author met with fimilar kindnefs and anenrion in this town; where he visited two public libraries and the private one of Dr. Bodel Nyenhuis. In the LIBRARY OF THE UNBTIRSITY he received many proofs of that kindnefs and politenefs for which the mnch lamented principal librarian Prof. Geel was so generally known. The books ufed here were only few, a larin De Laet, the then only known copy of the Dmch On o Key e and a few others. The THY SI AN A LIBRARY, a fmaller collection, bequeathed in the ir'-* century to the University of Leyden by one of its graduates, Mr. A. Thysius, the bearer of an illustrious name, and himself a man of learning, proved of the highest imponance to the author. For this advantage he is under grea: obligations to Prof. \-an \loten, then of Leyden, now of Deventer, who intro- duced him to the then Trustees, Profesfors Tydeman and Van Asfen; more fo ftill to the unbounded liberality with which the libran,- was thrown open to him by thefe gentlemen. He was admined at almost any hour from furrise to fimfet, so that during the long fummer days of his ftay there, from lo to 12 hours a day were available for his work. A conliderable number of tracts was also lent to him in order to afford still greater facilities of study. In the Thysian library the groimd for his book was laid- The author con- folced the volumes or rather portfolios of the extensive and valuable pamphlet collection as far as his fubiect demanded it; that is to fay for the years l6cx> — 1664; embracing -000 traas. 2 It It was there too that his extracts from the registers of the States of Holland were made. The author is at a loss to find adequate terms for the cxprcsfion of his feelings towards Dr. Bodel, for the kindness and attention shown to an entire dranger, who was hardly able to give a clear idea of his purpose. That learned gentleman placed his valuable private library at the author's entire disposal, felected for him all the materials he required, asfisted him or left him alone with equal zeal and delicacy. Dr. Bodel's library confists chiefly of maps, and furnished the greater portion of the materials for the Essay on that fubject; but it posfesfes also fome good books of reference which the author gladly made use of, and a few very rare tracts, amongst them the Plokhoy described in the Essay. AT AMSTERDAM: The library of the Institute contains also a collection of pamphlets. Its librarian, the late Prof. W. Vrolik, allowed the author special facilities of research. Here about 4000 publications were examined, but with less attention than the author generally paid to his fubject, as his mind was then suffering under a recent and most fevere affliction. Only one other collection, besides the above was examined in Amftcrdam, that of Mr. Fr. Muller, embracing all the different clasfes of materials contained in the Essay : Books, pamphlets, maps and charts. The pamphlets that were gone through were not less than 8,000, the number of duplicates being here more confiderable than elsewhere. By far the greater number of the books ( not pamphlets ) described in the Essay, and fome valuable maps and charts were equally from this col- lection. As to the thanks due for Mr. Muller's perfonal asfistance, it feems hardly becoming to express before the public the feelings of friendship. But it must be Hated that without this asfistance the Essay would never have been written. IN- INTERIOR PLAN: The author fupposcs his readers to be acquainted with the histories of New- Nethcrland by Dr. O'Callaghan and Mr. R. Brodhead. All the publications used by those distinguished authors have been received here without a new introduftion; but references to these authors have in most cases been appended to the titles of books quoted by them. For all the fources not mentioned by them a general or special introduiftion has been thought necesfary. The too great dcfirc to make the introductions concise, a very defective plan in a few of them and some mistakes render these the least acceptable part of the book. The typographical execution, which (lands alone in the history of printing, was the joint idea of the author and of Mr. Tjecnk Willink, then a clerk with Mr. Muller, now bookfeller at Arnhem. It was rendered desirable by the practice of the Diuch bookfellers in the 17"" century, of printing fevcral editions, whether legitimate or counterfeit, of a work, fo exactly alike that only a minutely exact title will help the amateur to the knowledge of any fpecial edition. It has since been ascertained in the Bibliotheek van Pamfietten by Messrs. F. Muller and Tiele, that even this minuteness is not always a fufficient gua- rantee, and that a close infpcction of the interior will alone guide to an exact knowledge of the number of editions. The facts, with respect chiefly to the Byekorf, are laid down therewith great clearness. (See Bibl. v. Pamphl. II p. 3.) The printing was entrusted to the care of Messrs. Van Munfter & Co. of Amfterdam, in whose office the types, which feem to belong to the beginning of the 18"" cent, but are almost like those of the pamphlets ol the 17"', were found. These gentlemen, although fometimes flogging in their very difficult task, have on the whole deferved the author's best thanks. As the English parts of the text were not underftood by the compofitors, this created greater difficul- ties than even the old titles. The lithographical work was done by the author's late friend Mr. E. Spanier at the Hague ; and as far as engraving is concerned to the author's great fatis- faction. The xu The author has also to return thanks for the asfistance of his fellowftudent at the Berlin univerfity, Mr. Weber, now a judge in one of the courts of law- there. With his aid the numbers were put on the map. Any mistakes occur- ring in that work must be ascribed to the author, not to Mr. Weber, whose accuracy in every kind of penmanship is well known to his friends. The first loo pages of the book were originally composed in French, and were translated into English by Mr. Cowan, late Dutch interpreter to the British Embassy at Yakohama, who had already in 1849, at the author's request, translated the extracts from the "Breeden Raedi^\ The author has now to treat a most delicate question: the value of his work. By comparing together the different pamphlets he has used, and which, as is ufual with such publications, continually refer to each other, the author has ascertained that we ftill posfess and that he has gone through at least nine tenths of the Dutch political and historical pamphlets of the first half of the I?**" century. Of those wich .are comprehended in his plan, he may asfure the reader, that few have escaped his attention. The same may be faid of the maps. His opportunies and his zeal have here almost excluded the posfibility of any real omission. Two maps indeed he was not able to procure; but they are known, at least in part, from other rcfearches. Whether the two obvious but only claims of the Esfay: a great amount of labour and a great desire to give accurate information, will alone be fufficient to make this book acceptable, that is a question which the author fears will not be very generally answered in the aflirmative. INTRODUCTION. The prefcnt book is a catalogue of the printed documents which illuftratc the hiftory of the Dutch Weft India Company and the hiftory and geography of Nevv-Nctherland, the Company's North- American Colony. Thcfe fubjcds being unfamiliar to all except a few hiftorical inveftigators I'omc introductory remarks may be thought defirable. Nor would the duty to furnifh them be unwelcome if it were not impofllble to do in a rapid glance full jufticc to novel and important hiftorical queftions. Such being evidently here the cafe, we muft content ourfelves with the hope that even our fum- mary indications will not be without fomc value for the future hiftorians who may ufe the materials which we have gathered. To gain an inlight into the nature and value of our materials we muft begin with a fhort account of the queftions on which they bear. Afterwards we fhall fee what anterior refearch has already done for thcfe queftions, and how far a new light is thrown upon them by our collcftion. The fubjedts which will thus prefent thcmfelves to our view will be the following. I. The hiftory of the Dutch fFeft India Company. II. The hiftory of New-Netherland. I II. The geography of New-Ncthcrland. \V. The anterior refearches and our new materials for the hiftory of the IF. I. Company and for the Hiftory and Geography of New-Netherland. I. XIV INTRODUCTION. I. THE WEST-INDIA COMPANY. The Dutch Weft-India Company owes its origin to an epoch and to a movement which have mofl viiibly imprefled their (lamp on the whole national cxiftence of the Dutch. At the end of the i6th and in the lirft years of the 17th centuiy the Dutch Republic fuddcnly rifcs from the fmalleft beginnings to the rank of a great power and at the finne time and jufi: as fuddenly the ancient trade and opulence of Belgium are ruined. That rife & this fall are indeed only the two fides of the fame event: The northern provinces f hoot up becaufe the ftrength of the South is tranfferred to them, a tranffer which is but too real and palpable a fact. Spanifh perfecution drove more than 100,000 proteftant famiiies, the very pith of the nation, from Belgium to the north, chiefly to Holland & Zealand. To the ardent impulfes which thefe new elements gave, much of the great- ness of the Dutch Republic and efpecially the origin of the Dutch Colonial power may be traced; but the pureft embodiment of the fpirit which animated the Belgian exiles is to be found in the plans for the VVefl: India Company. When the Belgians arrived in the northern Netherlands they did not think of remaining there permanently. All their efforts were bent on their return to Belgium and therefore on Belgium's delivery from the Spanifh yoke. To attain this objeél they conceived a defign of Angular genius and grandeur. Having long enjoyed the carrying trade between the different European coun- tries under Spanifh rule, the fhrewd merchants of Flanders and Brabant had difcovered all the weak points of the Spanifh empire. They knew that thofe wide poffeffions „where the fun never fet" were precitely on account of their boundlefs extent and their complete dependence on Spain everywhere open to the attacks of a rcfolute enemy. And on that knowledge they founded the plan of forming a company of private adventurers who fhould conquer or ruin the Spanifh fettlements, feize the Spanifh tranfports, and harrafs and break the intercourfe between Spain and her transatlantic dependencies. By thus def- IXTRODUCTION. XV deftroying the refources of the Spaniards they would compel them to fubmit to their conditions of peace and to evacuate Belgium. In 1592 when this gigantic scheme was conceived by William Uflelincx, an exiled Antwerp merchant, Spain overfhadowed the whole earth and the Dutch were yet defpifed by their adverfaries as a handful of defperate rebels and pirates without a legitimate national exiftence. The efforts which UfTcIincx had to make for the realization of his ideas are fcarcely less remarkable than thefe ideas thcmfelves. He was not like men of genius in our days thwarted by cowardice, and by the ftupid pride or routine. For no defign could be beyond the undei"ftanding and the courage of John 01- denbarnevelt, the great ftatefman who then ruled the Dutch Republic. But 01- denbarncvelt's policy was in downright oppofition to the views of the Belgians. They had to become his bittereft enemies; and after many years of ardent antagonifm they had to pass over his body in order to execute their plans. Howfoevcr the magnificent projefts of the Belgians may command our admira- tion, a fober and practical Statefman like Oldenbarncvelt was apt to confider them as delufions inlpired by the bitterness of exile; and they arc in fadl to a certain degree open to this reproach. On account of fuch plans he could not be expcfted to place in jeopardy the vafl: and folid advantages which the country had won by almofi: fuperhuman eflM»rts. It was bcfides too much to demand from mortals that they fhould for the fake of others run enormous rifks in order to dcftroy their own power and profperity. And this felfdeftruélion would certainly have been accomplifhcd by the Dutch if by their aid the fchc- mcs of the Belgians had been carried out. By the viiftorious return of the Belgians to their native country, commerce, manufactures, and the political lead would have gone to the fouth , leaving Holland in the unenviable fituation of an obfcure and ifolated province. Although Oldenbarnevelt's oppofition to the Belgians was thus both natural and juit, they found in the northern provinces and even in Holland itfelf a niunbcr of energetic allies who at laft aided them in bringing Oldenbarncvelt to the XVI INTRODUCTION. the fcaffold. Thefe allies were: the lower clalfes in the towns of Holland, many influental men in the other provinces, and laft though not leafl:: the houfe of Orange; the lower claiïes becaufc Oldenbarnevelt was at the head of the town ariftocracies , the reprefentatives of other provinces, becaufe he vindicated an overweening influence for Holland; the Houfe of Orange becaufe this great family afpired to wider dominions and to a less limited authority than they hitherto poiTefled. The two great parties which were thus formed lafted down to the French Revolution and even at the prefent day there remains of them nearly as much as of Whiggifm and Toryifm in England? At the time of their origin and for generations afterwards they were divided on almoft every queftion of public intereft: The Belgian party were ftrift Calvinifts, Democrats, Monarchifts , Centralifts and demanded in particular that the war with Spain fhould be carried on till Belgium fhould be freed. The Oldenbarnevelt party were Arminians, Ariftocrats, Republicans, Advocates of felfgovernment , and were fatiffied to leave Belgium in the hands of the Spaniards. By this fingular party-divifion the queftion of the foundation of the Weft India Company was agitated during nearly 30 years from 1592 to 1621. In the two moft decifive ftruggles , the foundation of fuch a company was neither the only nor even the principal point at iffue, but a whole hoft of other party queftions were decided at the fame time. In the firft of thefe two contefts, which lailed from 1607 to 1609, the principal queftion was that of war, truce, or peace with Spain; the fecond which lafted from 1617 to 1619 and ended with Oldenbarncvelt's execution had as leading point the theological ftrife between ftridl Calvinifts and Arminians. Up to the year x6o6 we learn, at leaft from the printed documents, very little about Uffelincx and his great plan: a few fadls of Uflelincx's private life, and the time when he conceived his projeél are all we can gather. His public career really begins in 1606. From the end of July of that year till a years af- terwards the fchcme of the Weft India Company was difculTed by the States of Hoi- INTRODUCTION. XVII Holland and by the States-General. The former aflembly named fomc of its moft diftinguifhed members to aft as commiffioners ; and between them and f everal Dutch towns long negociations were carried on , fometimes aélively , fometimes with great languor. But Oldenbarnevelt, the leader of the aflembly never feriously thought of eftablifhing the Weft India Company; and the dif- cuflions ferved merely as a threat for the intimidation of the Spaniards. It was indeed principally by this menace that Spain was in 1609 compelled to conclude a truce of 12 years and to acknowledge the legitimate exiftence of the Dutch Republic. Uflelincx of whofe plans the crafty ftatcfman had made fo lingular a ufc , was of courfe moft vehemently oppofed to the treaty of 1Ó09 for all that was neareft and deareft to him and to his friends was facrificed by that treaty. It con- tained the ftipulation of doling the River Scheldt, a ftipulation clearly defigned for the ruin of Antwerp; Belgium was given up to the Spaniards; and the Well India Company was made impoflible during the time of the truce by the for- bidding of all attacks on the Spanifh fettlcments. When the details of thefe negociations became known Ufl!elincx wrote againft the truce with Spain a feries of pamphlets which belong to the moft remark- able produftions of that clafs of literature. Their ftyle is fimple and powerful, they abound in important faéls and are among tlie principal documents for the hiftory of political cnonomy. The fenfation thefe pamphlets created was immcnfe, and attrafted to fuch a degree the attention of contemporary hiftorians, that the moft diftinguifhed of thefe, Emanuel van Mcteren , reprints one of Uflelincx's pamphlets at length. In the States General their fate was muft lingular. While the peaceparty ftill pre- dominated, Ufl"elincx received a reward of 1000 florins. After the viftory of the warparty the pamphlets were prohibited. The cfTeOt of the pamphlets was after all the fame as that of the plan fur the company: they merely ferved to accelerate the conclufion of the truce. Ten years after his fignal viftory Oldenbarnevelt paid for it with his life. He 3 died XVIII INTRODUCTION. diedon the fcafTold and his principal adherents, among them Hugo Grotius, were thrown into prifon or exiled. The whole party feemed to be broken up and ruined. The objeéls of the new llruggle were materially the fame as thofe of the former one. The compofition of parties was identical, and the fame queftions were at ifflie. For among the principal efFefts of the vidory were the renewal of the war with Spain in 1621 after the termination of the truce, and the immediate refumption of UfTelincx's plan. Yet the outward fhape of the ftrife was this time that of a theological battle between Arminianifm and flrift Calvinifm. Uflelincx's plan was refumcd in September 161 8. Some ftir in the fame di- reftion had been made in 1614 — of courfe without refiilt. But now the plan was taken in hand in good earneft. Though the eftablif hment of the Company had to be poftponed till after the expiration of the truce, the greateft pains were taken to overcome the numerous difficulties; and in 1621 immediately after the commencement of hoftilitics the career of the Company begins. We have dwelled at fuch length on the birththroes of the Weft-India Company becaufe this complicated queftion has proved equally difficult for the Dutch and the America hiftorians who have touched upon it. The Americans cannot eafily penetrate into the intricacies of Dutch political ftrife, and the Dutch cannot look with a foreigner's impartiality on Oldenbarnevelt, his adherents and his enemies. In June 1621 the Weft-India Company was at laft incorporated. Its privileges were framed after thofe of the Eaft-India-Company, who had alone the right to fend fhips to Afia, to the exclufion of the other inhabitants of the Dutch pro- vinces. In like manner the trade with the American and African fhores of the Atlantic was referved for the Weft-India Company. The new aflbciation alfo adopted like the old one the curious divifion into ^„chambers". There were tive „chambers": of Amfterdam, Zealand, theMeufe, North-Holland, Friefland; each of them being a feparate fociety with membres, direftors and veflels of its own. Thefe chambers were conftituted much like the „fociétés en com- man- INTRODUCTION. XIX mandite", of the prefcnt day. Around a fmall knot of rcfponfible membres, with a capital of from 4000 to 6000 florins (£ 333 to £500) there was a large number of anonymous f hareholders. The capital of the whole compeny was 6 million florins (£ 500,000). — This fum was not equally divided between the five chambers, but Amfterdam had "'/g Zealand */g, each of the other three only Vs- And in nearly the fame proportion was the reprefentation in the general committee of 19 Diredtors who conduiiled the common affairs of the whole company. Though in all thefe matters the Eaft-India Company had ferved as the model, the tendencies of the two aflbciations f howed the fame difcrepancy which ex- ifled between the Oldcnbarncvelt's party and that of the Belgians. For while the governing body of the Weft-India-Company faithfully reprefentcd the in- ftindls and interefts of the exiles, the dircftors of the Eaft-India-Company be- longed with few exceptions to that clafs of city-nobles whofe leader Oldenbar- nevalt had been. Thefe diredors exercifcd within their company a power in accordance with the political tendencies of their party. They were nearly ab- folute, allowed fcarccly any control to the f hareholders, and drew therefore mod exorbitant profits for themfelves. The new Company on the contrary- adapted the democratic principles of the Belgian party and allowed a very com- plete control to the f hareholders, to whofe approval the accounts and affairs had to the fubraittcd. Between the aims of the two companies the contraft is ftill more ftriking. The Eaft-India-Company was a trading affociation and even its conquefts and colonies had no other purpofe than to protedl its commerce. The Weft-India-Company never had an extenfivc trade. But, in purfuance of the founder's ideas they ftrove to injure the Spaniards, to conquer their efta- blifhments, to capture their f hips and to break the intcrcourfc between Spain and its American gold and filver mines. The contradis and difcrepancies between the two affociations prevented them from amalgamating and even from aflifting each other, thus cxcrcifing a baneful influence on the affairs of the Weft-India-Company. A far more pernicious germ XX INTRODUCTION. germ of mifchief however lay in that Company's own fundamental purpofes. Taking upon itfelf one of the greateft of public burdens, the naval war againft an enemy of ftupendous power, they aéledmore like an independant ftate, than like a focicty of private individuals , and therefore placed themfelves in a thoroughly falfe and mod dangerous pofition. For, warfare is always fo mani- feftly unprofitable, that to undertake it without the afllftance of the Govern- ment would have heen the mereft folly; and confiderable fubfidies were indeed promifed. But by accepting the promife and relying upon it, the Company became dependent, having no means of enforcing the fulfilment of the c jntraét. Thefe being the beginnings and tendencies of the Weft-India-Company, its hiftoi7 might have been foretold. It could and probably would have fome brilliant fuccefles. But, it was unable to eftablifh a thriving commerce and flourifhing fettlements. Thofe poflellions which it might obtain or conquer, it would not govern properly, and it muft therefore lofe them. The compadt made with the Governement would neceffhrily become a fource of endlefs dif- putes; the more fo, as the Oldenbarnevelt party had already in 1621 recovered fome ftrength and was to obtain in the De Witts even more powerful leaders than Oldenbarnevelt had been. Ruin was therefore the Company's inevitable fate. — Let us now fee how thefe deftinies were fulfilled. The affairs of the Company feemed at firfl to offer the mofl: brilliant prof- pcfts. Large fleets were fent out, the company pofTefTing fometimes as many as 70 armed vessels. Prizes were captured of fuch value that during feveral years the fhareholders received from 25 to 75% intcrefl:; and while the original capital of 6 millions had been brought together with difficulty, 12 millions were afterwards eafily added to it. Three fuccefTes of truly hiflorical importance mark the firft 10 years of the company's exiftence : The taking of the Bahia in 1624, the capture of the filver-fleet in 1628, and the conquefb of Fernambuco in 1630. Of thefe three events the Brafilian conquefts appear as the moft im- portant to the hiftorian of the prefent day. On the minds of the contempora- ries INTRODUCTION. XXt ries however, the capture of the filver fleet made afar greater impreflion, and it is even yet fondly remembered in Holland. The Spanif h filver-fleets were large fquadrons of men of war , and of trans- ports which conveyed the filver and gold produce of feveral years from Ame- rica to Spain. One of thefe fleets was in part captured, in part funk, in 1628, by Pieter Heyn, the Weft- India-Company's admiral. Befidcs the bullion there was much other precious merchandize among the booty , the whole of it yiel- ding above 14 Million florins (£ 1,200,000); more than 75% intcreft on the 18 millions which in 1628 conftitutcd the capital of the Company. The firft expedition to Brafil was undertaken in Januan,^ 1624. In INIay the town of St. Salvador, the Bahia de todos Santos and the furrouding countn- were conquered. But the militar\^ adminiftration eftablifhcd by the Company was fo defedlive and the Ponuguefe and Spaniards in Europe made fuch efix)rts to regain poflcffion of the loft f hores , that a year after the conqueft , in May 1625 the troops of the Company had to be withdrawn. The fccond expedition, in the year 1630, had a more lafting fucccfs. In March 1630 Olinda dc Fcrnambuco lurrcndered to the Company's army; and pufhing on their conquefts they gradually became mafters of the whole of the Portuguefe pofleflions to the North of Olinda. From 1630 to 1642 thefe Brazilian conquefts went ftcadily on, uninterrupted except by one fingle check. The hiftory of Dutch Brazil had even from 1636 to 1 642 a truly brillant period, under the adminiftration of Count John Maurice of Nafl^m, one of the ableft men of the 17th century. He extended and con- folidated the Company's Brafilian pofl"cflions, introduced liberal principles of trade, government and religious toleration, nay he even fucceeded in making, with the troops and f hips of his province, conquefts on the African coaft. Some other fucccfll's, efpecially the taking of Curasao likewife illuftrate this fecond epoch of the Company's hiftoiy , and New-Netherland , the Company's North-American Colony grew more and more profperous. Yet in fpite of thefe advantages the affairs of the Company f how fince 1630 a XXII INTRODUCTION. a continuous decline. Not fupported by an extenfive trade the military and naval triumphs coft much more money than they produced. Even Count John Maurice's brilliant talents yielded no pecuniary profit. Compelled by the ftrift and reiterated orders of the directors of the Company he had to carry on an inceflant war with the Portuguefe in fouthern Brafil. Great part of his revenue confifted in booty; and his troops ruined much more than they took away, drawing upon the Dutch polTeflions fimilar afts of retribution from the enraged enemy. Among thefe horrors of borderwarfare agriculture and trade could not he brought to flourifh, in fpite of the efforts of John Maurice. In New- Netherland alfo many complaints were raifed, as we f hall prefently have oc- cafion to notice. And there was no fecond capture of a filver fleet to make up for the Company's continually growing expenfes. It is therefore not furprifmg that the financial condition of the Company f hows fince 1630 a terribly conftant downward tendency. In 1629 they had paid 757ointereft to their fhareholders and had been able to lend 600,000 florins to the Governement. Already in 1Ó30 they begin to demand afliftance , accor- ding to the compadl which the Government had made with them. But while the ncceflities keep on increafing , the Government is very flack in fulfilling its pledges; and the arrears of the fubfidies are therefore continually growing. Much of this backwardnefs was unqucftionably caufcd by the Company's political pofition. For, in the years 1630 to 1640 the party of the town-ariftocrats had regained all its power; and money matters were according to the Dutch confti- tvition as much in the hands of the town-councils as they are in England in the hands of the Houfe of Commons. Infinitely fadder ftill is the laft epoch of the Company's hiftoiy. Its prin- cipal pofledions were, like thofe of the Eaft-India Company, conquefts from the Portuguefe, not from the Spaniards. In 1641 the Portuguefe fhook of the Spanilh yoke, being in this revolution affifted by Holland. From that very moment it could not but be forefeen that the Company would lofe Brazil. Freed from the fhackles in which they had been held by Spain and filled with the enthu- INTRODUCTION. XXIIl ciithufiafm of a recently refuscicated nation, the Portuguefe were now a power for which the Weft-India-Company was no longer a match. And befides the arms of legitimate warfare the Portuguefe employed againft the Company other means which were even more fucceOTuI. They had at the Hague a very able ambaffador, perfeélly acquainted with the Dutch party movements and wily enough to ufe that knowledge with great f kill and without much nicety in the choice of his means. The friends of the Weft-India Company feared him fo much that his life was threatened by the rabble at the Hague. In Brafil the Por- tuguefe found valuable allies among the Company's officers. A long feries of quarrels with the direélors of the Company induced in 1644 Count John Maurice to leave Brazil in difgufl. Moft of the adminiftrators who fucceeded him were either incapable or bribed; and after his departure the Portuguefe continually gained ground. In 1Ó54 the troops of the Company evacuated Brazil. We cannot here attempt, to dcfcribe the Company's laft agony, its vain trials to combine with the Eaft-India-Company; its painful ctfurts to obtain from the Government either armed afliftance or the payment of its arrears. The fymptoms of bankruptcy become flidder and more threatening from year to year; at laft creditors begin to feize the Company's property. The death-blow was ftruck in 1664 when New-Netherland, the Company's laft valuable poflefllon was con- quered by the Englifh. Soon afterwards the affairs had to be wound up ; what ftill remained of pofTeffions, privileges and property was handed over to a new Company , which was not much more profperous than the old one. Let us, before we leave the infortunate affbciation caft a look on the fate of its founder. William Uflelincx never confidered the Weft- India-Company, fuch as it was eftablifhed, as a fair realization of his ideas. Yet he was frequently reforted to by the Government as an advifer in matters concerning the Company; and as a reward for his ideas he was to obtain a percentage on the Company"s f hares. Not fatiffied with this fphere of adlion he went to Sweden and induced Guftavus Adolphus to eftablifh a South-Company, fimilar to the Dutch Weft- In- XXIV INTRODUCTION. India-Company. Having returned to Holland as Swedifh minifter, UfTelincx endeavoured in 1636 to induce the States of Holland to take a fhare in the Swedifh affociation. In January 1647 UfTelincx draws up, for the States of Holland, a report on the affairs of the Weft-India-Company. Here he appears for the laft time. The place and the time of his death are unknown. II. HISTORY OF NEW-NETHERLAND. We have in the above fketch of the hiftory of the Wcft-India-Company touched as (lightly as poffible on New-Netherland, bccaufe we are going to devote fome fpecial obfervations to the hiftory and geography of that colony. New-Netherland was fiuiated along the eaftern fhores of North-America, between the 38^'' and the 42"" degrees of latitude; that is to fay its territory contains the States of New-York and New lerfey and fome parts of Pennfyl- vania, Maryland and Rhode Ifland. The firft difeovery of thefe coafts is due to four voyages which are all of them marked by feveral curious charadleriftics , moft clearly f howing how little the early explorers thought of eftablifhing colonics: the voyages were under- taken not for the difeovery of thefe or any other American coafts but for the fearch of a navigable North-Weft-pafTage to China. That neceiliirily fruitless learch was made four times over in 1498, 1524, IS25 and 1609 in precifely the fame localities , the later explorers knowing of courfe nothing of their pre- deceffors' failures. And each of thefe four navigators made his attempt not in the fervice of his own country, but in that of fome foreign nation; Sebaftian Cabota, the firft of them, being a Venetian in Englifh fervice; John Verazzano, the fecond, an Italian in French fervice; Eftevan Gomez, the third, a Portu- guefe in Spanifh fervice; Henry Hudlon , the fourth, an Englifhman in Dutch fervice. The three firft voyages took place within 28 years, from 149S to 1525- [between the year 1525 however and Henry Hudfon's voyage there is an inter- val of 84 years. It would therefore feem as if the three firft expeditions were foon INTRODL'CTION. XXV (oon forgotten and had little influence on later times. Yet fome remarkable confequences were attached tn each of them. Sebaflian Cabot's voyage which embraced the wlinle coaft of the United Sta- tes , became the foundation of England's claim to thefe wide territories. Verazzano drew a fomewhat fanciful chart of North- America and efpe- cially of the fhorcs near the mouth of the river Hudfon. This chart contri- buted to create the belief that about the 40'*^ degree a North-Weft-passage to Afia could be difcovcred. Gomez likewife drew the coafl: of New-Ncthcrland. His delineation, far more accurate than Verazzano's was adopted by the Spanifh charimakcrs and from their works it palFcd into all the charts and maps of the ló"" century and into fome of the i?'"". Gomez' track fcems belides to have been followed by other Spanifh expeditions, to which fome Spanifh names along thefe fhores arc due, for inflancc Rio de Gamas (Roe river), the lirft name of European origin that was given to Hudfon's river. Henry Hudfon, like Cabota, Verrazzano and Gomez, came to the coaft of New-Netherland in fearch of a North-Weftern paflage. He is diftinguifhed among all northern explorers as the one who has purfucd the fclieme of a f hort route to Afia with the greateft ardour and perfcverance. At firft in the fervice of the English Company of Merchant-adventurers he made for tliem a feries of fruitless elforts to reach Afia acrofs the North Pole or by a north-caftern route. He then entered the fervice of the Dutch Eaft-India-Company , likewife, with the puqiofc of difcovering a north-eaftem palTage. This was indeed at firft the objedl of the voyage of 1609. Cut when the veffel approached Nova Zembla and had to ftruggle with the floes and icefields of the Arctic ocean, the feamen of the Eaft-India-Company accuftomcd to very difl^crent waters, became mutinous , and compelled the Captain to give up the North-eaftern fearch. He then propofcd to them a fearch for a North-Weftern paflligc along the American coaft about the 40''' degree of latitude. „This idea", fays a corn- temporary annalift „had heen fuggcfted to Hudfon by fome letters and maps 4 „which XXVI INTRODUCTION. jjWhicli his friend Captain Smith had fent him from Virginia , and by which he „informed him that there was a fea leading into the Weftern Ocean by the North „of Virginia". After having failed along the American coaft from New England down to the mouth of the Delaware, Hudfon turned back, and difcovered on the i of September 1609, the river that ftill bears his name. He explored it as far as it is navigable; and was much ftruck by the beauty and the fertility of the Country. He alfo eftablifhed fome intercourfc with the natives who received him with friendliness. In fpite of thefe aufpicious beginnings it was neither Hudfon's nor his em- ployers' intention to draw advantage from the discovery. Hudfon's whole life had but one aim: the fearch for a f hort route to Afia; and the Dutch Eaft- India-Company had the greateft averfion for all American trade. It was there- fore referved for others to reap the benefits of Hudfon's labours; and it requi- red one more voyage to lay at laft the foundation of a regular intercourfe with the newly difcovered fhores. Nay this praftical purpofc was not even originally aimed at by those who undertook the fifth expedition. But they, like their predeceffbrs, entertained the illufory hope of finding a North-Weft- paflage; for they believed that fuch a pafTage had been difcovered by Hudfon in 1609. The fifth voyage took place in 161 1, under the command of Cornelius May. Extenfive explorations and the eftablif hmcnt of a regular trade with the Indians were its refults. It was fucceeded by a feries of other voyages and by ftill more accurate explorations of the country, which received in 1Ö14 the name of New-Netherland. In 1Ó15 a fort, the firft germ of New- York, was built on Manhattan ifland; and fince that time the barter with the Indians, efpecially in bcavcr-fkins, became more and more lucrative. This valuable trade and with it the pofTeffion of New-Netherland was in 1622 handed over to the Weft-India-Company. The trcafure which they thus acquired without any labour of their own would have been fufficicnt to enrich them, INTRODUCTION. XXVII them , had they underftood to ufe it. Their ideas however were bent on other purfuits; and it is more in fpite of their mismanagement than by their merit that the profperity of New-Netherland increafed under their rule. The hiftory of New-Netherland while under the Weft-India Company is very different from that of Dutch Brafil. It is a truly provincial hiftory; and the fmallness of its events is fcarcely exaggerated in Knickerbocker's ludicrous chronicle; although the fadder epifodes are not recorded there. Nothing indeed feemed to indicate that the Dutch colony on Hudfon river and its Englifh neighbours were deftined to be the germs of a great nation. The moft ftriking fafts in the colony's hiftory, and thofe around which everything elfe can bcft be grouped, arc various feries of ftrifes , contefts , and quarrels; wars with the Indians, an endless wrangling with the inhabitants of New-England, quarrels between the refident traders and the dealers and factors from the mother-country, accufations againft the colonial government addreffed to the Weft-India-Company, and complaints againft the Weft-India-Company addreffed to he States-General and moft of thefc ftruggles and grievances of fuch a charaftcr that they unqucftionably denote much real fuifcring. The government and the commercial adminiftration of New-Netherland were placed in the hands of a „direftor" aflifted by a vice-dircftor , a law-officer (fifcael) as fccretary, and by a fmall number of clerks. A council chofcn from among the colonifts was sometimes called in to give advice; but this was only done in order to make them share the refponfibility. The whole governing body is defcribed in the following terms by an eyewitness: „The Council confifted, then, of Diredor Kieft and INIonficur La ]Montange; the Dirccftor had two votes and Mr. La Montange one; and yet it was a high crime to appeal from their judgments. Cornelis van der Hooghens fat with them as Fifcael, and Cornelis van Tienhovcn as Secretary. And, moreover, whenever anything extraordinary came up, the Director had a few additional invited, according to his pleafure; thefe were moftly officers of the Company. This, however, happened but feldom, yet it produced diflatiffaclion. Nei- XXVIII INTRODUCTION. Neither the Twelve men nor the Eight after them had voice or opinion in cafes before the Court; they were chofen in view of the war and fome other occurrences, in order to ferve as a cloak and a catfpaw. In other refpefts, they were of no confideration, and little regarded when they propofed anything in oppofition to the views of the Direftor, who imagined himfelf, or would fain perfuade others, that he was Sovereign and that it was abfolutely in his power to do, or to permit, everything; and he heeded little that the safety of the People was the fupremc law, as was clearly manifeft in the war; although an effort was made by fubterfuges and piles of certificates and petitions, to f hove the refponfibility on others, when the fpit was turned into the afhes. But this was done becaufe things \vent t(J0 far, and every one laid the damage and bloodfhed at his door." The firft Direftor, Peter Minuit was named in 1626. He had three fucces fors: Wouter van Twiller 1632—1638; Willem Kieft 1637 — 1647; Peter Stuy- vefant 1647 — 16Ó4. Of thefe only the laft one was a fomewhat remarkable man. Yet even he raifed a mod violent oppofition againft himfelf, by his arbitrary government and by his overbearing behaviour towards all the colonifts with- out exception. The events up to Kieft's time are fcanty and of but fmall general intcrefl; hough imponant enough for the defcendants of the early fettlers: Some forts are built , a fmall number of colonifts arrive , the trade with the natives is eftablifhed on a firmer footing , cargoes of furs are fent to Amsterdam , land is purchafed from the poor Indians at prices which elicit a fad smile — 60 florins for the whole Ifland of Manhattans, where one fquare foot of ground is now often paid ten times as much. iVTofl: of thefe events are marked by quarrels of which forae were directly difaftrous for the profperity of the colony while the others were full of evil foreboding: The land fold by the Indians was bought by the fo-called Patroons, great landowners to whom entenfive privileges had been promifed by the Company if INTRODL'CTION. XXIX if they planted fettlenicnts and peopled each of them with at lead 48 perfons. The patroons were moftly cither direélors of the Weft-India-Company or at Icaft clofely conncfted with the Company's government. Having thus the three- fold advantage of money, privilege and pofition they made the mod ftrenuous efforts to monopolize the trade with the natives. In order to propitiate the Indians they fupplied them with fire arms; and the private traders, whom the Patroons tried to exclude from the trade neceffarily followed their example. Thus the Indians became as well armed as the Europeans. The prctcnfions of the Patroons alfo caufed endlefs difputes with the Weft-India-Company; and years paffed before the States-General were able to bring about an agreement between the contending parties. Another quarrel raged between Director Van Twiller and his law-officer Van Dinklage. The law-officer was at laft fent home to the mother country, where during a long time he petitioned the Government, in order to receive the three year's Hilary that was due to him. Far more purientuus than thcfe dcfputes were thofe with the Englifh, both in New-England and in England itfelf. The conditions, the nature, and the limits and collifions of the rights of co- lonial puffeffion were in the 17th century open queftions of international law and England claimed the territory of Ncw-Netherland on juridical grounds which could be vei-y fairly defended according to the then prevailing notions: The whole coaft had been difcovercd by Sebaftian Cabota, in the fervice of Henry VII of England, Englifh fettlements exifted to the North and South of New-Netherland; and by a patent iifued in 1606, before Hudfon's voyage, the whole of New-Netherland had been granted to an Englifh Company. This being the cafe all the efforts to obtain an acknowledgment of the Dutch right from the Englifh Government, proved in vain. Nay even the Dutch Government refufed to fupport the title of the Weft-India Company. The 25th of Oftober 1634 the following refolution was made by the States General: „MelTrs. Arnhem and the other, their High IMightinelTes' Deputies have re- ported XXX INTRODUCTION. ported that, purfuant to ycftcrday's refolution, they have heard and confidered the ftate of the queftion and difference which arofe in New-Netherland between the Englifh there and thofe of the Weft-India Company of thcfe United Ne- therlands, and have fubmitted herewith to their High' Mightineffes certain Reprefentation on said queftion, communicated by the Diredlors of the Weft- India Company aforefaid. JFhereupon, deliberation being had, it is refolved and concluded that this State cannot by any means interfere therein , but leave the aforefaid matter to take its courfe; but their High Mightineffes permit the delegated Diredlors to speak and confer hereupon, on behalf of the Company in particular, with Mr. Bofwell, the Refident of his Majefty the King of Great Britain." The Englifh pretentions to the poffeffion of New-Netherland were manifefted in various ways: A Dutch veffel coming from New-Netherland freighted with furs was feized in Plymouth beeaufe Charles I. „qucftioned the Weft-India Company's right to trade to New-Netherland." — Englifh merchants fent a f hip to the mouth of the river Hudfon; and commencing to trade there, they difturbed the relations between the Indians and the Dutch. Thefe drove their rivals away. Confiderable damages were thereupon demanded from the Dutch government by the Englifh merchants, and Charles I countenanced the demand. But far more ferious than thefe fquabbles were the ftruggles between the Englifh and Dutch along the whole eaftern frontier of New-Netherland. We fhall hereafter fee how they embittered the life of the Dutch during the whole time of Kieft's and Stuyvefant's direftorships; and how they finally led to the lofs of the colony. In 1638 at the end of Van Twiller's rule, the colony and the Company's connexion with it prefent a very fad afpeft, as is beft fhown by the follo- wing qucftions and anfwers from one of the reports made to the States- General : QUES- INTRODUCTION. XXXI QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, (by the States-General). (by Mr. Huygens; who-prefided, the 23 February 1638, at the aflembly of the XIXDired:ors of theW.-I. Company). I. How far do the limits of New- Their High Mightincffes granted, Netherland extend along the fea coaft? anno 1614, to Jonas Witzcn and Tween- huyzen, by special charter, and on the expiration thereof to the Weft-India Company, from Virginia to wit from Ci9apoa (^Chefapeak), along the fea coast to Newfoundland. 1. Are thefe limits ftill in the pos- We occupy Mauritius or the North fellion , at the prefcnt time , of the Weft- River ; where there are two forts, Orange India Company, and the inhabitants of and Amfterdam; and there is, moreover, this country? one Houfe built by the Company, and that is the moft of the population. 3. If not , what nations have feized The right is that of the ftrongeft. them; and by what right and under what The Englifh extend from the northeaft pretext? of New-England unto the Frefh River. 4. Can the Company retain the re- If there be people, the remainder maining territory; and by what means? can go into the interior as far as they pleafe. 5. What Chriftian nations are neigh- The Englifh cnclofe us from Virgi- bours, above and below? nia unto New-England; and as much farther as ours have been. 6. Has the Company realized profit Lofs; — But it could afford profit, or lofs , fince the planting of New-Ne- principally from grain. therland? 7. And in cafe of lofs and their High The Company cannot people it, becau- Mightineffes confider it advantageous fe the Company cannot agree among XXXII INTRODUCTION. to prcfervc the limits of New-Nether- themfelves; but apian of throwing it land, and to cftablifh the population open, mufl: be confidered. on a better and furer footing? — 8. Whether it would not , therefore. They have no intention fo to do; be expedient to place the diftriél of unlefs they derived profit by it. But New-Netherland at the difpofal of the they hope , now that they have taken States-General? fome order about Brazil, that it will prove a fource of profit in time. They propofe to furrender the trade with the Indians , or fomething elfe. Nothing comes from New-Netherland but beaver f kins, mincks, and other furs; confiderable grain could be raifed there in courfe of time. Director Van Twiller was in 1637 fuccecded by Kieft. The new director's adminiftration was at firfl: profpcrous. For, the Weft-India Company gave up the privileged trade with the Indians, opening this commerce to all the inha- bitants of the Dutch provinces: and many colonifts were thus drawn to New- Netherland. Still more valuable were a number of Englifh fettlers from Vir- ginia and New-England. On the other hand, the Englifh came both from Virginia and N.-England , on account of the good opportunity to plant tobacco here, firfl:, divers fer- vants, whofe time had expired; afterwards, families, and finally, entire colo- nies, having been forced to quit that place, in order to enjoy freedom of conscience, and to cfcape from the infupportable government of New-England, and becaufe many more commodities were to be obtained here than there, fo that in place of „feven bouveries" and „two or three plantations" which were here, „thirty bouwerics" were to be feen as well cultivated and flocked as in Europe, (and) one hundred plantations which, in two or three (years) would become regular bouweries, for after the tobacco was out 'of the ground, corn was INTRODUCTION. XXXIII was planted there without ploughing, and the winter was employed preparing new lands. The Englif h colonies had fettled under us by patent on equal terms with the others. Each of thefc was in appearance not Icfs than one hundred families ilrong, cxclufivc of the Colonic of Rennelaerfwyck , which is profpe- ring, with that of Myndcrs, Meyndertfz and Cornelis Melyn, who began firft. Alfo the Village of N.-Amfterdam around the fort , one hundred families , fo that there was appearance of producing fupplics in a year for fourteen thou- fand fouls, without llrainghtening the country, and had there not been a want of labourers or farm fervants, twice as much could be raifed." The free trade with the natives had however a very ferious drawback. Fire arms being the merchandize mod valued by the Indians , all the traders vied with each other in felling guns and powder. This had many dangerons con- fequences: The rcfpeft infpired by the Europeans was confiderably diminif hed. Offence was given to thofc Indians who tried to purchafc arms from the co- lonial government and were refufcd. The advantages of the fur trade alfo caufed the fcttlers to negleft many ncccifary precautions. Their habitations were difpcrfed; and therefore at the mercy of the natives. And in order to increafe the friendly difpofitions of their cuftomers, the traders invited them to their homes , fpreading before them whatever European luxuries the block- houfes contained, and giving the natives too much infight into the interiors of their dwellings. But all this might have produced nothing but a good unterftanding ; efpecially as the Indians of New-Nethcrland feem to have been worthy of the confidence placed in them had not the direélor's defpotifm and third for revenge brought all the hcjrrors of an Indian war on the colony. We have above cad: a look on Director Kieft's „council", and we have feen how the direiflor affumed the pofition of a petty monarch, and how yet in cafes of emergency he tried to cloak himfelf with a fhow of parliamentary government. The diredlor's defpotic rule was indeed in accordance with the Company's regulations. Probably more by neglec^l than by ill-will they had 5 for- XXXIV INTRODUCTION. Forborn from eftablifhing any kind of popular reprefentation; and it was only by the diredtor's free will that a few popular delegates were chofen and were fometimes admitted to the direcftor's council. This reprefentation had no rights of its own , and even taxes were impofed without its confent. Unfortunately Direftor Kieft was not a man in whom fo much truft aught to have been placed. His policy made a war with the Indian's not only unavoi- dable but alfo mofl: difuftrous. He had allowed the colonifts to fettle wherefoevcr they liked, and they were difperfed all over the country. He had not done anything to prepare them for defence, and he had not even a fufficient flock of powder to allow each colonift half a pound, when the fymptoms of approaching war became threatening. As regards the Indians he adcd with almofl incredible rafhncfs. Their poor maizefields lay unfenced, and were, often ferioufly damaged by the cattle of the Dutch. Redrefs however was always vainly fought for. Where juftice was refufed feelings of hatred and the third for revenge were necefla- rily engendered; and fome Dutchmen were murdered by the natives. Not content with thefe germs of difordcr, the direftor impofed a tax on the fields of the Indians and adlually levied it by force in fome places; an aél of down- right madnefs in a country yet peopled with Indians and where there were not 30 Europeans properly armed and drilled. The meekncfs of the natives ho- wever fupported all thefe outrages; untill the direélor himfelf actually began the war. A Dutchman, one of the few wheelwights of the colony, and therefore a very ufeful man had been fhot by a native — not without a fufficient caufe. The tribe, to which the murderer belonged refufed to give him up; and the direftor was for fome time unable to revenge himfelf, the tribe being too powerful. But it happened that this tribe was attacked by other Indians, and was fo reduced that it had to feek fhelter among the Dutch. Now the di- reélor feized the opportunity and fent nearly the whole of his armed force, «bout a dozen men againft thefe Indians. They furprifed them during the night INTRODUCTION. XXXV night and murdered the whole remnant of the tribe — not only the men but alfo the women and children. While Kieft was yet brooding over his horrible plan, one of his crcatm'cs , who was among the delegates of the community, tried to induce the other delegates to prefent a petition to the diredlor, praying him to deftroy the offending tribe. The other delegates however were not cought in the fnare. They not only refufed to fign the petition, but expulfed their colleague and chofe immediately a better man in his ftead. He however nothing daunted , and in fpite of the delegates, prefented the petition to the diredior as an expredion of the community's wifhes; although the paper bore only three fignatures, that of the originator and two other ones befidcs. Pretending to be induced by the wifhes of the colonics, Kieft gave the order of which we have fpoken. A mod furious war now broke out; a war exaélly like thofe Indian wars which have fo often been defcribed in our days; and the horror of which are prefent to every one's imagination. The few germs of profpcrity which the colony prefented were of courfe nearly deftroy ed , and it was in a great mcafure due to the neighbours in New-England that many Dutch colonifts favcd at leaft their lives. This Indian war produced a whole hoft of difputes and recriminations. Me- moirs were fcnt from New-Ncthcrland to the \\'eft-India-Company and to the States-General; and in New-Nethcrland the memorialifts were punifhed by the diredlor. Commiffions of inquiry were chofen in the States-General. Thefc commiffioners qucftioned the direftors of the Company with regard to the miferable condition of Ncw-Nctherland. The directors replied that to the backwardneir of the Government in paying the fubfidies the difafter in New-Netherland was principally owing. Only want of means had prevented the direftors from having a fufficient garrison in their colony. The memorialifts who had been fcntenced by diredlor Kieft appealed to the States-General ; and the cafe was gone into. Kieft's fecretary returned to Holland and was examined by the commilTion. Thus many documents, by which XXXVI INTRODUCTION. which Kieft's guilt was proved beyond doubt, were accumulated; and Kicft's removal from the direélorfhip was the final refult of the inquiry which laftcd from 1643 to 1646. The war with the Indians and the quarrels with the colonifts were not the only ftruggles in which Kieft was engaged. While the Dutch in New-Ncther- land were fo few in proportion to their wide and fine territory, New-England was already overcrowded. And believing to have a fair claim to New-Nc- therland, the New-Englander crofled the boundary lines and boldly fettled within the Dutch territory. The Dutch looked on in difmay and their impotent protcfls were not heeded by the ftubborn New-Englanders. Nay it could not even be expeded that much attention fhould be paid to thcfe protcfts. For they were all more or lefs bafed on hiftorical ftatements which we at prefcnt koow to be manifeftly falfe, and the truth of which can therefore never have been proved. The perfons who got up the hiftorical evidence for the Wcft-India-Company were evidently aware that there was a flaw in the title to New-Netherland; and the Englifh can not be ccnfurcd becaufe they did not believe in fuch groundlefs affertions. The hiftory of New-Netherland during Dircdtor Kicft's time fhows befidcs all thefe greater ftruggles a number of fmaller fquabblcs and difputes. When therefore Kieft was in 1646 fucceeded by Picter Stuyvefant, the new director foimd himfelf in the midft of difficulties of various kinds; nor was he well fitted to affuagc them. Stuyvefant had been the governor of Curasao , a dignity which he kept when he was raifed to the direélorfhip of New-Netherland. Before and after he became a fcrvant of the Weft-India-Company, his ftern and proud characftcr created him many enemies fome of whom have caft the moft atrocious flanders on his name. As regards Kieft's difputes Stuyvefant entered moft completely into all the views of his predeceffbr. He punifhed Kicft's opponents. And when they appealed to the homegovernment, he did not heed their protefts. Nay INTRODUCTION. XXXVII Nay even when fummoned before the States-General he refufed to .appear, pretending that his duty prevented his leaving New-Netherland. To allow the colonifts a f hare in the government was moft contrary to his ideas, even more lo than to Kieft's. With the Englifh neighbours he tried to come to an un- derftanding. But his diplomatical intercourfe with them was not in accor- dance with his real pofition; for he bore himfcif almoft like a fovereign; and was all the Icfs able to arrive at a definitive fcttlcmcnt with them. To the difficulties both of Kieft's and Stuyvefant's adminiftrarion we owe the mofl: valuable of the documents , by which the hiftory of New-Netherland is illuftrated. The colonifts who had vainly fought for jufticc at the diredors' hands went to Holland and filled the ftate-paper-office with their complaints. The community of New-Netherland deputed to tlie mother-country feveral delegates, fome of whom have left us graphic defcriptions of the colony and animated accounts of its hiftory. The States- General named commiflioners , by whom numerous reports were drawn up. The quarrels with the New-Englan- ders alfo produced fome intercfting ftate papers. John dc Witt made the moft ftrenuous efforts to eftablifh a good undcrftanding with Oliver Cromwell. In order to negociate a treaty , he fent fome of his ableft adherents as Dutch mi- nifters to the Proteélor's court. Among the fubjefts difcufled by them in England was alfo the qucftion of the boundary line in New-Ncthcrland. When defired to fubftantiatc their title to the colony, the Wcft-India-Company caufed feveral documents to be drawn up, in which fome of the principal ftatements were audacious fiétions. But this was of no avail, for the Dutch ambafladors replied: „And, howbcit we have clearly underftood from the aforefaid Map and Memoir, the intentions of Meiïrs the Direftors, regarding the pretended Limits; yet as regards the Title and right thereunto, we do not (with refpeél) find uurfelves fo well provided with the irrefragable reafons and arguments which are reqtdfitein dealing with fuch a Nation as this , and in fuch a matter , confijling entirely of facts; the firft occupation and poflTcffion as well as the pur- XXXVIII INTRODUCTION. purchafe of the grounds and lands being merely in general prefuppofed, but nothing in the world has reached us in fupport either of the one or the other. Yet, according to the letter even of Director Stuyvefant, the Englifh there made this objeftion to him: That their High MightinefTc's fubjcfts in thofc parts , had not any patent from them , nor any proof of purchafe. Wherefore we have taken the trouble not only further to inform ourfelves by thofc who may have fuller knowledge of this matter but to look up attentively the de- fcriptions by the Englifh themfclves, in order to learn therefrom what we confider applicable to our purpofe. Tet cannot in all this, fatiffy ourfelves as to the unfoundnefs of the pofition of thofe on this fide who allege not only the right of piiixhase but alfo of notorious prior pojfefion in divers parts, as we are informed by them. While Stuyvefant and the dircdors of the Company were thus partly un- willing and partly unable to rid thcmfelves of their old difficulties, new ones were conflantly fpringing up. Stuyvefant's pride and obflinacy increafed the number of opponents; and befidcs thofe who had already in Kieft's time begun to lay their complaints before the States General a number of new malcontents arofe; among them fome of the few officials who had a f hare in the admini- ftration of the colony. For to Stuyvefant, any kind of control was unbearable; and in order to be abfolutely unfettered he difcarded his Dutch affiftants and had only foreigners, Englifhmen and a Frenchman in his employ. A difficulty of old ftanding , but to which we have not yet alluded, alfo produced a violent outbreak. We have above flated that Uflelincx had, for Guftavus Adolphus of Sweden, founded a Swedish South-Company. This alTociation has left but one trace in the hiftory of the 17*'^^ century; a trace which conCfts in a long conteft with the Dutch Weft-India Company. The firft director of New-Netherland, Peter Minuit went after his dismissal to Sweden, in order to seek an employment fimilar to the one he had loft; and he indeed induced the Swedish Company to found a fettlcment within the claimed boun- dary of New-Netherland, near the fpot where Philadelphia now ftands. This occu- INTRODUCTION. XXXIX occupation which took place in 1Ö38 led of courfe to a long series of quarrels the end of which was the conqueft of the Swedish colony, in 1Ó56, by Peter Stuyvefiint. But in fpite of all the troubles without and within which filled Siuyvefixnt's direiftorf hip , like thofe of his three predcccffors, he muft be confidcred as the founder of that unrivalled profperity by which the town and the ftate of New- York have since been diftinguished. There exift three views of the town , as it looked while its name was yet New-Amfterdam. They all belong to Stuy- vefant's time; to the years 1649, 1656 and 1667. The firfl: view fhows a few houfcs difpcrfed here and there around the fort; the fecond view already prefents a townlike appearance, while in the third New-Amfterdam is a very rcfpecftable place, fimilar to feme of the celebrated cities in North-Holland and Zealand. While the natural advantages of Hudfon river produced thefe happy refults , great exertions were made to develop the refources of the Delaware diftriél. The city of Amfi:crdam fent a colony to the mouth of the river. This efta- blifhmcnt was called New-Amflel and was treated as a pet child of the parent city. Agriculturifts and tradefpeople were encouraged to emigrate; clergymen and fchoolmasters received liberal falarics, loans were fupplied at the eafy intereft of sI^/q per annum. The colony on the Delaware alfo became the refuge of fevcral fets of political and religious feftarians whofe theories, akin to thofe of modern ^jfocialifts," required the virgin soil of the new continent for their trial. All thefe germs of a bright future had however but the efteél of haftening the final and inevitable cataftrophc; the loflT of New-Nethcrland. The Dutch fettlements fpread from the mouth of the Hudfon over part of Long Ifland. Here they were followed by English eflablishmcnts. The Delaware region, where New-Amftel was fituated, was by the English government granted to Lord Baltimore; and while the contcfts between the two nations had formerly been confined to the Weftern border of New-England the South and South- Weft now became new fcenes of ftrife. Smyve- XL INTRODUCTION. Stuyvefant's endeavour to remove thefe enemies and to eflablish the rights of the Dutch on a firm footing vere neccffarily fruitlcfT. The Wefl-India-Com- pany was bankrupt. Its political opponents ruled the United provinces; and they rcfufed to prelT upon the English governments the Company's claim to the difputed territories. Having thus neither a valid title nor ftrenght to sup- port their pretenfions the Company was doomed to lose New-Netherland. But in order to obtain the coveted Dutch colony, the New-Englanders had firft to involve England and Holland in their quarrel, and thus to exercife already at this early date a remarkable influence on European affairs. It is generally known, from Macaulay's hiftory of England, that the war be- tween England and Holland from 1664 to 1667, in the courfe of which New- Nctherland was wrested from the Dutch, was the work of Sir George Downing, the English ambaffador at the Hague. But Macaulay did not know the motive by which Downing was prompted. This ftatefman was a Ncw-Englander, and one of the earliefl pupils of Harvard College. His thorough acquaintance with Dutch politics was probably the fruit of the border quarrels in his tranfatlantic home; and in the interefl: of that home all his skill and craft were employed. In fpite of the recent alliance and of the many intcrcfts which ought to have maintained a firm friendfhip between the Englifh and Dutch, Downing suc- ceeded in envenoming every dispute and in kindling the war which broke out in 16Ö4. The conqueft of New-Netherland was one of the firft acts of that war. The duke of York obtained from his brother a grant of the North-American terri- tory occupied by the Dutch; and to the f hips and troops fcnt out by him the Dutch colony furrendered without bloodshed, the 5"" of September 1664. The conquerors abolished the name of New-Neiherland and called the town New-York. The fate of the colony was not however fettled before 1674. During the whole war, from 1664 to 1667, negociations between the two countries were carried on. In 1Ó67, by the treaty of Breda, the colony was yielded up to England. But war having again been declared in 167a, New-Netherland was recon- INTRODUCTION. reconquered by a Dutch fleet in 1673. By the treaty of Weftminfter, in 1674 this conqucft was again annulled, the colony was again given up to the En- glish, and the hiftory of New-Netherland was thus finally clofed. III. THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW-NETHERLAND. We have already had occafion to notice that the coafts of New-Netherland owe their discovery by Europeans to the delire of finding a f hort route to China. When Columbus and the Cabots ftarted on their voyages of difcovery, they expeded to find nothing but water between weftern Europe and Eaftcrn Afia. Columbus even believed that the iflands and the continent which he had found formed indeed part of Afia. It is to Sebaftian Cabota that we are indebted not only for the discovery of North-America, but alfo for the ftill more im- portant knowledge that America is a ne%v ■world. But the wilds and waftcs of America did not tempt the navigators of the fifteenth and fixteenth centuries. To find a way through the new continent was the real objeft of thofc men , by whom the American coafts were firft inveftigated. Searching for a paflage in every latitude, from the frozen waters of the arftic ocean down to Cape Horn; fearching from Weft to Eaft as well as from Eaft to Weft, they foon arrived at a furprifing general knowledge of the new world. In 1527, thirty years after the firft discovery of the mainland of America a remarkably correft outline of the whole new world was drawn by the chartraakers of the Spanifh admiralty, and even before 1527, in 1524, Verazzano calculated that America was doubtless greater than Europe and Africa together; and that it probably exceeded Afia in territorial extent. Yet the details of American geography remained throughout the fixteenth century in a moft unfatisfadory ftate. Some attention was indeed paid by geographers and feamen to thofe diftridls which offered the eafieft advantages to knightly and mercantile adventurers. The more northern parts however 6 feemed XLII INTRODUCTION. feemed to be ufelefs wafles; and no one thought that they would one day become the homes of Europe's overflowing population. The northern coafts of America therefore owed their curfory exploration merely to the delufive hope of finding acrofs them a fhort palTage to China and Japan. As regards the coafl of New-Netherland it was during the fixteenth cen- tury only twice laid down on charts by original explorers; both delineations belonging to the fame year 1524 — 1525, and both being drawn by men whofe real purpofe had been the fearch for a North-Weft PalTage; John Verazzano and Stephan Gomez. Verazzano's draught was of very fmall value and was entirely unknown down to the year 1582, when Hakluyt published it in his ,, Divers voyages." When published however the very faults of the draught exercifed a mod: fa- vourable influence on later exploration: for Verazzano indicates in latitude 4o°/g a north weft paflage acrofs the American continent; and the fearch for that illufory paflage led Hudfon to invcftigate the coaft of New-Netherland. Gomez's draught is of much greater value than Verazzano's, and its in- fluence was of a totally diff'erent kind. Adopted by the Spanish official chartmakers, it was borrowed from them by all the other geographers down to the year 1625 when the Dutch delineations began to fuperfede it. Long before that time however fome Spanifh navigators who followed in Gomez's track added fome new details to the information collefted by him, which were then introduced into the copies made from his chart. Thefe fame Spanish explorers also furnished to their contemporaries fome notes for the routiers or maritime route books ufed in thofe times. The navigation of the fixteenth century like that of the ancients preferred the coafts to the open fea, and the routes and ftations for fuch coafting voyages were indica- ted in the route books. A route of this kind was traced along the coaft of what was afterwards New-Ncthcrland — moft probably for the ufe of the numerous codfifhers who frequented the long row of fandbanks that ftrctches from Cape Cod to the north of New-Foundland. Although INTRODUCTION. XLIII Although fome kind of knowledge of the diftriél explored by Hudfon in 1609 might thus have been gathered long before his time from defcriptions of voyages, maps, charts and routiers, the refults of the inveftigations undertaken by him and by his Dutch fucceffbrs muft yet be confidered as entirely new discoveries. For Hudfon's own voyage of 1609 proves beyond doubt that all the vague anterior notions were of no real value to feamen and geographers. Hudfon himfclf and Juct, one of his companions, have left ample accounts of their voyage. But Juet's account was printed in England in 1615, and of Hudfon's only a few fcraps have been published. Thefe papers therefore exercifed no perceptible influence on the geographical knowledge of con- temporaries, which was, as regards New-Netherland , entirely derived from Dutch fources. The exertions of the Dutch for the knowledge of their North- American colony have indeed been moft remarkable, and the geographical documents produced by them arc as various as podible: accounts of voyages, defcriptions of the country, general maps and charts, local maps of diftriifls and rivers, local charts, views of New-Amftcrdam. The accounts of voyages and the original defcriptions are all of them due to men equally diftingiiifhed by talent and local experience: Captain De Vries and Adriaen van der Donck, who belong to the leading perfonages of the colony; Domine Megalopolenfis, a miffionary among the natives; John de Laet, the celebrated author of the „Novus Orbis," an eminent dircélor of theVVeft- India-Company , and one of the „patroons" of Ncw-Netherland. The attention of thefe authors is directed to every fubjcft worthy of their notice: The topography of the country, its animals and plants, its government, its advantages for agriculture and trade. Of the very greateft value are their ohfervations on the various tribes of the natives , their life and manners , their numbers, the localities they inhabited, their wars, government and religion. One of the accounts, that of De Vries, is befides, illuftrated with fpiritcd engravings evidently bafed on fketches taken on the fpot. From XLIV INTRODUCTION. From the Jibove original documents fome Dutch authors compiled, by the fimple means of fciffbrs and pafte, feveral accounts of New-Nethei'land. One of thefe, is a ftrange fpecimen of literary handicraft: the „Voyages of Edward „Melton , an Englif h gentleman , through Egypt , the Weft-Indies , Pcrfia , Turkey, j,Ea{1:-Indies and the furrounding countries." This is nothing but a clumfy piece of patchwork made up of fcraps from a number of well known books, without any original addition even of the imaginative kind. Yet the book was fucceflïul. It had two editions; and the part concerning New-Nethcrland was again pillaged by two other bookfellcrs who reprinted it literally, with fome other parts of „Meltons voyages." Still more curious is the faA that while the original documents from which the defcription of New-Netherland is taken belong to the year 1656, the „Voyages of Melton" were published in 1682 and 1702, and the counterfeits, in 1705 and 1716, furnifhing of courfeto their readers much llrangely antiquated information; and that without any kind of warning. Such was 150 years ago even among the reading public the know- ledge of North- America. The charts and maps of New-Netherland are fcarcely lefs valuable than the original defcriptions , and are in far greater number. There are not lefs than 28 engraved delineations of Dutch origin, befides feveral ftill more important MS. draughts, facfimiles of which have but lately been publifhed. It is unfortimatcly impoffible to give the reader who is not acquainted with the maps and charts, an infight into their nature, merits and defefts; and our obfervations regarding them muft therefore be limited to a few ftriking fafts. All the eai-lier engraved maps and charts of New-Netherland publifhed by Dutch geographers are derived from two manufcript delineations which are ftill inexiftence. (*) They were drawn in 1614 and 161 6 by fome of the firft Dutch explorers. The engraved copies are as regards accuracy very much inferior to the originals, which indeed rank among the beft geographical draughts of (*) See: Inventaris der Verzameling Kaarten in het Rps-Archief. N° 519, 520. the INTRODUCTION. XLV the period. Some of the copies are as ftrange inftances of anachroniftic geo- graphy, as the above described extrafts from „iNIclton's voyages." In 1695 a map of Ncw-Netherland was publifhcd, which is entirely derived from the draughts- of 1614 and 161Ó and which therefore fhows no veftige of the co- lonization by Europeans ! ! Not lefs curious, but more difTicult to defcribe, is the hiftory of a feries of 13 maps publifhed from the middle of the feventeenth to the beginning of the eighteenth century. If thcfe 13 maps were placed fide by fide, before a fuperficial obferver, he might take all of them fimply for copies printed otF from the fame plate. For their fizc is exactly the fame and mod of the indications and names are abfulutely indentical. Vet a clofer infpedlion fhows that at leaft four or five ditfercnt plates have been ufod fur producing them. This is merely owing to the habits of literan,'^ piracy which prevailed in thofe days; for the differences between the engravings are fo flight, the correftious fo few , that the labour of producing a new plate was abfolutely ncedlefs. Nay it is very likely that the original plate is the one which we find ufed — with fome flight correftions — in the latcft editions. The map which accompanies the prefent volume being a facfimile of one of thefe engravings , the reader can eafily form an idea of their nature. They arc the bed maps of New-Netherland left by the Dutch, and are about equal to the better clafs of contemporary delineations of colonial diftridls. When comparing the thirteen copies with each other, we are once more ftriick by a f^idl to which we have repeatedly adverted: the ftationary charadler of geographical information in the feventeenth century. Although the publifhers who pretended to ifTue new maps of their own, not copies of the maps of others, had the grcateft in- tcreft to introduce at leaft fome new details, the information remains in the laft edition fubftantially the üxme as in the firft. The correcTiions are fo trifling that it requires the moft careful attention to difcovcr them. Nay the laft edition fliftually omits fome flight improvements introduced by the intermediate editors. Thus XLVI INTRODUCTION. Thus all the difcovcrics made during the interval of 50 j^cars which feparates the hitefl: editions from the carlieft, the foundation of numerous towns and villages and even the conquefl: of the colony by the Englifh have left fcarcely any trace on thefe maps. Yet from fome of the moft impevfcd of the later editions, copies were again made in the beginning of the eighteenth century by Homann, Seutter and Lotter, the well known German map manufactures. The only new feature of thefe German tranfcripts conlifts in the tranflation of a very fmall number of Dutch names which were abfolutely unintelligible to Germans. All the other names both native and Dutch as \vell as all the lines of the engraving are fimply reproduced. The paper and the engravings are of courfe much inferior even to the worfl: of the Dutch editions. The original documents from which the prototype of thefe 13 maps was derived have not again come to light , and are mofl probably loft with the reft of the archives of the Weft-India-Company. This prototype fccms to have been baled on information brought over to Holland by the deputations from the colony, in 1649 and 1Ó50. Befides the maps there are feveral charts of New-Netherland fpecially inten- ded for the ufe of feamcn. They are each in three or four fedions; and make pretentions to a high degree of accuracy, for foundings are indicated all along the coafts. But when compared with a modern map the outlines appear fo ut- terly unreliable, that the foundings cannot poflibly have been of much value. We alfo poiTefs fome local maps: one of each of the three great rivers: the Connedticut (Frefh river), the Hudfon (North river), the Delaware (South river). The map of the Delaware is a manufcript map of the year 1616, the two other maps on the contrary are engraved and belong to the end of the feventeenth century. The moft intcrefting of the local maps is a manu- fcript draught of Renflclaerfwijk, (now Renflelaer County, N. Y.) the largeft of the patroon-colonies, with its villages, caftles, mills and rivulets. Of Ncw-Amfterdam, the infant New-York, three views exift, of all of town- INTRODUCTION. XLVII which there are copies in the prefent volume. The firft fhows the begin- nings of the place , a few houfes around the fort. The fecond already has a townlike appearance; while the third exhibits a rcfpeftable town with churches, Avarehoufcs, wharfs, docks and long lines of dwelling houses. This lafl: view belongs to the time when New-Amfterdam had jufl: been compelled to alTume the name of New- York. When we caft a parting glance over all thefc geographical documents and compare them with the contemporary geographical illuftrations of other colo- nies we cannot help confcOing that in fpite of the imperfedlions we have noted, the records for the geography of Ncw-Netherland are not only much more abundant but alfo more accurate than thofe for the geography of almoft any other colony. IV. EXISTING RESEARCHES ON THE HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY OF NEW-NETHERLAND, AND ON THE HISTORY OF THE WEST-INDIA- COMPANY; — AND NEW INFORMATION SUPPLIED BY THE PRESENT BOOK. I. Tlie hiftory of New-Ncthcrland has been carefully ftudied both by tlic defccndants of the colonifts and by the citizens of the mother-country, the Dutch. In New-York the refearchcs have all been conduced by the Ncw-York- Hiftorical-Socicty; an afTociation founded in 1809. The „Colledlions", a ferial publication ilFucd by this Society, contain fome good refearchcs and a large ftock of valuable documents, efpccially extracis and tranflations from rare Englifh and Dutch books of the 17th century. Much more important however than the Colledlions are the invefligations which have not been undertaken by the Society itfclf, but ovve their origin to its encouragement and initiative. Since 18 14 the members of the Society have endeavoured to colled; manu- fcript documents from the public archives both at home and abroad. INIeeting on the part of the government and the Icgiflature of their State with the moll un- XLVIII INTRODUCTION. unbounded liberality, they began by gathering and tranYlating at the public expenfe thofe documents which the Dutch Colonial adminiftration had left in the colony. When this tafk had been fatiftaftorily completed they took a ftill broader view of their duties and induced the government to colled from the European archives all the papers bearing on the hiftory of New-York. The government having again gladly aflented, and a liberal fupply of money having been voted, the fearch was in May 1841, entrufted to Mr. J. R. Brodhead a gentleman well qualified by his hiftorical and linguiftic knowledge, although not one of thofe fpecially trained hiftorical fcholars who are in Europe charged with fuch miflions. Fortunately the principal State paper office which M. Brodhead was obliged to confult, that of the Hague, is noto- rioufly the beft arranged in Europe, and Mr. Brodhead had the additional good luck that the fubjed: of his fearch commanded the fympathics of the archivifts. He thus cfcaped many diificulties which drive other hiftorians to defpair, and the rcfult of his comparatively fhort inveftigation is extremely -nuiffaétory. It is improbable that any important document in the Royal archives efcaped his attention. We muft however regret that, tied down by his inftruftions, he took a fomcwhat narrow view of his fearch and pm-pofely omitted from his colleélion a vaft ftore of documents bearing on the hiftoty of the Weft-India-Company. Befides the Royal archives at the Hague feveral other archives were confultcd by Mr. Brodhead; in Amfterdam, in London and in Paris. But the docmnents he obtained at thofe other places belong, with the exception of thofe at Am- sterdam, almoft exclufively to the later period of the hiftory of the State; and the Amfterdam records are of minor importance , for moft of them illuftrate only the uninterefting hiftory of the colony of New-Amftel. The documents colled:ed by Mr. Brodhead have been very ably edited — the Dutch, French and Latin documents in Englifh tranftations — by Dr. O'Callaghan , to whom all fuch labours have for many years been entrufted by the New-York government. The feries to which thefe documents belong, embraces likewife all the papers colledled in the colony itfelf. Is forms 8 large 4" volumes , prin- INTRODUCTION. XLIX printed at the expenfe of the State, from 1856 to i860. An excellent index by Dr. O'Callnghan, which fills a (tout 4°., concludes the colledion. This ad- mirable feries may well be envied by European countries , whofe early hiflory cannot be fo authentically and exhaustively reprefented. The time which jMr. Brodhcad fpent in his fcarch was not long enough to enable him to pay as much attention to printed books as he did to manufcripts. Here therefore feveral documents of great importance efcaped his notice. They were neverthclefs not loft to the American hiftorians. For feveral amateurs of books bearing on American hiftory, efpecially Mr. J. Lenox of New-York, have fpared neitlier money nor exertions to collecfl whatever could be gathered of printed documents , and Mr. Lenox's colledlion is probably al- moft complete. It is abfolutely fo as regards the hiftory of New-Netherland. From the rich (lore of documentaiy evidence thus collcfted in New-York, three hiftories of New-Netherland have been written by American authors , by Yates and Moulton in 1824/26, by Dr. O'Callaghan in 1846, by Mr. Brodhead in 1B53. Each of thefc three valuable works has fome merits of its own. Dr. O'Callaghan's book is by far the beft written of the three; and it has met with a well dcfcrved literary fuccefs. Mr. Brodhead, who has been able to confult fome printed documents which were not yet known when Mr. O'Callaghan wrote, is the moft exadl. His work is fomewhat like the manuals com- pofed by German profeflTors : with ample and accurate indications of the documents ufcd. It is however advantageoudy diftinguifhed from moft of thefe produftions by the clearnefs and elegance of its ftyle. Yates and Moul- ton's hiftory was publifhcd before the greater part of the documents had been colledled. Yet it contains a feries of minute rcfearches, for inftance an excellent monograph on Henry Hudfon's voyages. To thefe works muft be added: The „Documentary hiftory of New-Nether- land by Dr. O'Callaghan," a feledtion of the moft important MSS. and printed documents, in 4 vis 8°; and feveral tranflations of Dutch printed documents, efpecially thofe by the Hon. H. C. Murphy. Moft of thefe translations have been L INTRODUCTION. been privately printed and are more acceffible to European fcholars than to Americans, for the editors have generoufly diftributed them to the greater public libraries in Europe. In the Britifh Mufeum library they are all to be found. While fo much has been done by citizens of New-York, the citizens of the mother-country have done a good deal to forward the labours of the American hiftorians. We have already mentioned the afliftance afforded to Mr. Brodhead by the archivifts at the Hague, among whom the late Mr. de Zwaan deferves to be fpecially mentioned. The completenefs of the collcélion is in a great meafure due to his enthufiaftic zeal, as Mr. Brodhead himfelf has acknowled- ged. A different but not lefs valuable aid is to be found in three elTiiys on the hiftory of New-Netherland, written in Holland by Lambrechtfcn van Ritthem in 1818, Mr. Lauts in 1846, and Mr. Berg van DufTen Muilkerk in 1 85 1. Although thefe three publications do not in the aggregate exceed 180 pages their influence has been confiderable. Lambrechtfcn has had accefs to fome manufcript documents which have fince been loft, and he has the merit of having firfl indicated the principal printed books which the hiftorian of New-Netherland muft confult. Mr. Lauts has made ufe of fome very im- portant printed documents, which have efcaped both Lambrechtfen's and Mr. Brodhead's attention. Much greater ftill is the merit of Mr. Berg van DufTen , a man of great talent , who has indicated and combined many fcatte- red fcraps of valuable intelligence. It is only to be regetted that his refearches do not extend beyond the beginning of the hiftory of New-Netherland. Different from thefe efforts but not lefs valuable are thofe of Mr. F. Muller at Amfterdam, Mr. Campbell, the deputy librarian at the Hague, and Mr. Tiele, now librarian at Leyden. It is mainly owing to thefe gentlemen, and efpecially to Mr. Muller, that Mr. Lenox and the other American amateurs have become acquainted with the printed documents and have been able to col- led: them. It may perhaps not be fuperfluous to obferve that Mr. Muller has been obliged to purchafe immenfe colleftions of pamphlets in order to obtain thofe INTRODUCTION. thofe bearing on the hiftory of New-Netherland; a circumflance not known to thofe amateurs who have paid the fomewhat elevated prices for the firfl; copies that turned up of fome pamphlets. Thefe being the already exifting refearches, it is felfevident that our col- leftion cannot make any important addition to them. We have indeed found a few pamphlets which were unknown at the time when this EfFay was printed, 13 years ago, but feveral of them have fince been tranflated. Two of our documents are, we believe, flill unknown. But they both bear on the hiftory of New-Amftcl and are therefore of minor import. As regards the hi/lory of New- Net}/ e r land our book has therefore no other claim than that of a bibliographical eflay. It furnifhes the hiftorian and the amateur of rare books with accurate titles, audit tells him, what is nccelTary for a complete colleélion. In the latter refpeft our book has at leafl: a negative merit: Having fcarched wherever fcarch was polfible we can aflert with the grcatcd: affurance that bcfides the publications mentioned by us no other printed documents bearing on the hiftory of New-Netherland can be difcovcred. a. The hi/lory of the Weft- India- Company has not yet been fpecially invefti- gated. The beft account of its fortunes is to be found in Capt. Netfcher's work Les Hollandais au Breftl. Some attention has alfo been devoted to William Uflelincx, the founder of the Company, in Mr. Berg van DuflTen's above men- tioned eifays and in the two hiftories of Dutch political economy by Prof. E. Lafpeyres and Prof O. van Rees. But even the numerous memoirs handed by Uflelincx to the States-General have not yet been edited, although fome of them have been feen in the Royal archives by Capt. Netfcher. Here therefore much remains to be done. What we have done is fimply this: we have exhaufted the ftore of printed documents, as regards the indica- tion INTRODUCTION. tien of their exiflence, not of courfe as regards their contents. Thefe however we have at leaft read, and we hope that our fummaries of them will be of lome aHlftance to future hiftorians. 3, The geography of New-Netherlaiid is as yet almoft virgin foil. Afubjeft rather bordering on this field of inquiry than aftually belonging to it, the career of Henry Hudfon, has indeed been ftudied with fome care by the annalifts of northern voyages, by the hiftorians of New-Netherland; and more fpecially by Mr. Murphy and by the writer of the prefent pages. But, befides that, fcarccly anything has been done. To us at leaft only one effay is known, on a very limited fubjeft: the fituation of Fort NalHxu (which once exifled in the neighbourhood of the fpot where Philadelphia now ftands) by Mr. Arm- ftrong, a Pennfylvanian antiquary. This effay has been amply reviewed in the introduftion to our lift of maps. Our book indicates the materials for the ftudy of the geography of New- Netherland and gives fome hints as to the ufe which can be made of them. From all clofer inveftigation we have abftained, becaufe our aim is not to foreftal the labours of American antiquaries, to whom all thofe fubjefts pro- perly belong, but merely to aflift them in their labours by colledling for them a (lore of materials which are more acceffible to us than to them. Heidelberg , December 1867. irv&^'^>^^i<^^=2^- I. DESCRIPTIONS. 1. Nieuwe Wercldt ^ ofte \ 23cfcDriJÜingD0 I van \ VVEST-INDIEN , I tot t)EEleroan&c ^cQriften cnbe 5Cen#tccRcningcn | üaii üctfcDcnöcn o^atlcn fiy CCn bCrfanidt | Door \ JOANNES de LAET, | CniSC met 1 Noodighe kacrtcn en Tafels voorficn. TotLeydcn, | ^tl iJC ïDmcficrp bail 21 fa at ft (2El3(biCC- I ANNO 1625. 1 Met PtivHegie der Ho. Dlo. Ileeren Stalen Generael , voor iz Jaren, — Fol. [The New world ^ or the dcfcription of the TVcfl Indies from fcveral M. S. S. and notes of fever al nations, collected /'^Joannes de Laet, and provided with the necefsary maps and tables.) Tide, XXII a. 526 pages. Chapter 7 to 11, p. 100 109, defcription of New Netheihind. 2. ^SCfcDnjUmgQC van | WEST-INDIEX | door I JOANNES DE LAET I Tweede druk: 1 In ontallycke plaetsen ver-\ betert j vermeerdert, met eentge | nieuwe caerten , beelden van verscheijden dieren ende \ planten verciert. Tot Leyden by de ELZEVIERS. Ao. 1630. — Fol. (^Defcription of the IFe ft- Indies by Joannes de Laet, fecand edition, corrected and augmented in innumerable places , aud ornamented with some new maps and engravings of animals and plants,^ Title, XXII a. 640 pages. Chapter 7 to 11 p. 100—109 defcription of New-Netherland. 3.NOVÜS ORBIS I scu I DESCRIPTIONIS | INDIAE OCCIDENTALIS ) LIBRI XVIII I authore JOANNE DE LAET ANTVERP. I Noyis talulis geographitis et variis animantium , Plantarum \ Frtictuumque icontbiis illustrata \ CUM PRIVILEGIO. LUGD. EATAV. Apud Elzeviros. 1Ó33- Fol. {Tlie New fForld or defcription of the Weft- Indies, inxZbools , i^y J o h n de Lact of Antwerp, ornamented with new maps and various engra rings of animals plants and fruits.') Title, XXIV, 690 and XVI pages. Chapter 7 to 12, p. loi to no defcription of New-Netherland. 4. Hiftoire du Nouveau-Monde , ou description dcs Indcs Occidentales , contenant 18 livres , par le sieur Jean do Laet d'Anvers , cnrichie de nouvelles tables gëographiqucs et figures dcs animaux, plantcs ct fruits. Lcyde. 1640. Fol. (^Hiflory of the New fTorld or defcription of the Weft Indies by John A de ( ^ ) de Lact of Antwerps ornamented with new maps and engravings of plants and fruits.) There being no copy of this book to be found in Holland, this title was taken from Ternaux. D e Lact is quoted by O'Callaghan vol. I p. 41 , 63 , 72 , 104 , 140, 141 , 167, 327; by Brodhead p. 28 , 31 , 3^ , 34 > 44) 48 , 54 > 53 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 . -52 , 74 » 77 » 79 J 93 , 97 , 130 , I49 , I55 , I57 , 184 , 287 , 296. 5. VERTOOGH I VAN 1 Nieu Neder-Land, Weghcns de Ghelcghentheydt , j Vruchtbaerheydt , en Sobe- | ren Staet deszelfs. ( In 's GRAVEN-HAGE, 1 Ghedruckt by Mich iel Stael, Bouckverkooper woonende | op 't Buy- ten Hof, tegen-ovcr de Gevange-Poort , 1650. — 40. (Account of New-Netherland , its fituation , fertility and the miserable ftate thereof.^ Title . 49 pages ; a vignette in wood on the title. Quoted by O'Callaghan v. I p. 33, 41,149,170,171,178,179' 180 , 192, 215 , 229, 243 , 254, 260 , 261 , 263 , =82 , 311 , 3-5 , 387 5 V. H 59, 65, 90 , 93, 121. By Brodhead p. 153 , 20Ö, 207 , 212 , 221 , 224, 234, 243, 247, 276, 282, 283,- 286, 299, 309, 317, 333, 336, 345, 346, 411', 413 , 417 , 418 , 426 , 466 , 467 , 468 , 469 , 470 , 478 , 482 , 512. The entire history of this important book , the difficulties the author had to overcome when writing it, the Troubles it created during its composi- tion in New-Amftcrdam , its history after the author's arrival in Holland, the Effects it had when laid before the authorities , and the whole plan of its compofition may be found in O'Collaghan, vol. H , pag. 90 to 99, and III to 126; Brodhead, p. 506 to 507, and 511 to 512. 6. Bcfchryvinghe 1 van ] VIRGINIA, | JgiClltU dDCÖCrlaHtit , | Nieuw Enge- landt, 1 Cn b'CyïattïJcn ! Bermudes, 1 Berbados , en S. ChristofFeJ. I g^iciiflerpcfi üoor clcR tm öcctoatrt^ Banöclcnbe , en «lie boortplantcn | Mm niCUto CoIOniCn 1 Met koperen Figuren vcrciert. \ 't AMSTERO AIM , | 25g JOOST HARTGERs, föoccliücrrioopct oji bcti lipnni , Dcsybcii 't Jitabt:= ÖUü^, I op be Doccfi ban be ïïlalöerilcaet , in be ^jorditulncRer, Anno 1051. {Defcription of Virginia^ New Netherlaud-, New England and the islands of Bermuda, Barbadoes and St. Chrifiopher. Very ufeful for all trading thither and aU founders of new Colonies. Ornamented with copper plates.) Title, Ó0 pages; Map. — 40. Quoted by O'Callaghan, I 317, II, 97. by Brodhead, 83, 85, 267, 303, 306, 346, 376, 527. The SScfCÖÏpbingÖC as correctly dated by Mr. Brodhead (p. 517 note), is merely a reprint of feme parts of the Vertoogh and of the fccond edi- tion of D e La e t. What ( 3 ) What has been added is , in the first place the treatise on the Maqiias , secondly the engravings , one of which reprefents New Amftcrdam , and is alfo to be found in the first edition of van der Donck. As for the map we will fpeak of it in our list of maps. This map does not appear to have been added till after the first publica- tion of the book, for in copying what De Laet says of the Indians of Virginia (De Laet p. 114; Befchr, p. 54), Hartgers has exprefsly omit- ted the note *' whofe dwellings are further to be seen on the »«<7/)" (wei- cker •wooniiigh-plaetfen breeder te fien Zyn by de Kaerte.) This book is composed as follows : Page 2, (Inleydinge) copied from Dc Laet, Introduction to book III ed. 1630, p. 89. » 3—4 Dc LactB. Ill ch: I, Page 51— 34, D c La e t. P.. Ill ch. XIII » II. (Here the words have been omitted: III. "Welcker wooningh-plaetscn etc.) » IV. Page 54—56 D e L a e t B. Ill ch. XVI. V. ,, 56-58 ,, ,, „ XV. « VL ,, 58-59 ,, ,, ,, XIV » VII. It is difficult to underftand why the « VIII. order of the chapters of D e Laet » IX. has been changed, if it is not on » X. account of the Engraving, which is » XI. here placed in the one containing Page I — 8. the dcfcription of the principal ani- ,, S— II. mals, and at the same time, like ,, II— 14. the other engravings, at the Head ,, 14—15. of the page , which would have ,, 15—16. been impofsible had the chapters ,, 16—17. been left in their original order. ,, 18, page 59— 6iDcLaet,R.IIIch.XVII. 18-22. ,, 6163 ,, ,, XVIII. (Here the two laft lines of the ,, 63—65 ,, ,, XIX. account contained in the Ver- ,, 65—67 ,, ,, XX. toogh have been omitted.) ,, 67 — 69 ,, ,, XXI. page /^o—^iVertoogh 11 — 24. (Here ,, 69—71 ,, ,, XXII. the 31 last lines of the Vertoogh ,, 71—72 ,, ,, XXIII. have been omitted.) ,, 72—75 ,, ,, XXIV. Page 42—49 Treatise on the Maquas ,, 75—76 ,, ,, XXV. by Domine Megapolenfis. Quot. by O. C. I. p. 337. 11. 97Br. ,, 50— 51 De Laet B.III ch. XII. 83,85, 267, 303» 3o6, 346, 376, 527. A 2 7. BE » 5—6 » » 7-9 « » 9—1 1 » 11—12 » " 13—14 ') » 14—15 » » 15—19 » » 19—20 » » 20—22 »> » 22—24 » » 25— : 9 Vertoogh » 30—32 • 1 » 32-37 1 » » 34—35 ,, » 35—36 •>•> » 36—37 ■>i » 37 »> » 37—40 >> (4) 7.BESCHRIJVINGE | van | NIEUVV-NEDERLANT , | {&JC\^tix ÏJttttUtn^l lUaorbigÖ in ^tact i§) | Begrijpende de Nature, Aert , gelcgentheyt en vrucht- I bacrheyt van het fclve Lant; mitfgaders de profTijtcIijckc en- | de gewenfte toevallen, die aldaer tot onderhout der Mcnfchen , (foo | uyt haer felven als van buytcn ingebracht) gevonden worden. ( ALS MEDE I iBt maniere tn ono&cmcgnc EygcnfcDappcn I üanüe immtn ofte inattireiccn üanbcn Xantje.-l €nbeiEen byfonder verhael vanden wonder- lijckcn' Acrt I cnde het Weefcn der BEVERS, \ DAER NOCH BY GE- VOEGHT IS 1 (Ccn Ö fCOltr^ OÜCC ÖC U[Crcacnt0Cat üan Nieuw Nederlandt, 1 tll^fcQcn een Ncderlandts Patriot, | cnbC CCn I Nieuw Nederlander. | Bi' fchreven door \ ADRIAEN vander DONCK , | Beyder Rechten Doctoor , die tegenwoor» I digh noch in Nieuw Nederlandt is. | t'AMSTELDAM. 1 253 Evert Nicuwhof, 23cedï*ticnïooticr , luooHcnije 0^ 't I rïufïanïit i:t 't ^rörijfliDCcri | Anno 1655. — 4. Defcription of New Netherland [such as it now Is), Compreheudiitg the Nature, Character, Situation and Frtiitfulneps of the said Land; together with the profitable and foittmate accidents there to be found for the sup- port of Blan (whether natives or foreigners.) ^s clfo the Planner: and uncommon Qualities of the favages or aborigenes of the Land- And a particular account of the wonderful nature and habits of the Beaver ; to which is alfo added a discourfe on the fituntion of New Netherland y between a Netherlands Patriot and a New Netherlander. Defcribed by Adriaen van der Donck , Doctor of Laws , who is ftill in New Netherland.) Title , VIII a. 104 pages. !:.BESCHRYVINGE | Van 1 NIEUVV-NEDERLANT , | (>!3DCl|1crï IjCt tCtf gcnUJOarbigD in ^;§tart i^) 1 Begrypende de Nature, Aert, gelegentheyt en vruchtbaerheyt ] van hetfclve Landt; mitsgaders de prolTytelyckc cnde gewenfte toevallen , die ] aldaer tot onderhoudt der Menfchcn , (fo uyt haer felven als van buyten inge- I bracht) gevonden worden. Alsmede de maniere en ongemeyne Eygenfchap- | pen van de Wilden ofte Natu- rellen van den Lande. Ende een byfonder vcrhael [ vanden wonder- - lycken Aert ende het Wecfen der BEVERS. 1 Daer noch by-gevoeght is \ Cen vDifcour^ ober öe gcicgcntDcgt ban Nieuw Nederlandt, | tiiffcöcn ren Nedcrlandts Patriot , en&e CCn Nieuw Nederlander. | Befchreven door ADRIAEN van der DONCK, | Beydcr Rechten Doctoor, die tegenwoor- digh I noch in Nieuw-Nedcrlandt is. | En hier achter by gevoeght I l^Ct j^oorbccïigD Hïcglcment banbe €&. lïJoog^cBtlJiarc l t}ce^cn&e ï^ee^cn astir* gemceftcrcn tcfQ Jitcbe, I Dettcffenbe isc paften ban Nieuw Nederlandt.— De ( s ) Den tweeden Diiick. | Met een pertinent Kaertjc van 't zelve Landt ver - ciert, l en van veel druckfouten gcfuyvcrt. | t'AEMSTELDAiM , | 233 Evert Nieuw en ho f, ^atiiwotüim^t} , tuaancuöe op I 't fiuffanijt, in 't ^CÖrgfÖCtCd'J , anno 165Ó. I lAIet Privilegib voor 15 iaren. — 40, - {_Defcrij)tion of New Netherland (fiich as it now is}, including the Na- ture, Character , Situation and Fruit fulnefs of that land; together with the profitable aud happy accidents there found for the fupport of Man , {whether natives or foreigners) As alfo the manners and uncommon qualities of the Savages or Aborigenes of the country. And a parti- cular account of the wonderful nature and habits of the -B^.tver. To which is alfo added a discour fe on the fituation f New Netherland , between a Netherland Patriot and a New Netherlander, Described by Adriaen van der Donck, Doctor of Laws , who is still in New Ne- therland. And to thif is appended : The advantageous regulations of the Moft IVorfhipful the Burgomafters of this city , regarding the affairs of New Netherland. The second edition , ornamented with a pertinent Map of that land , and cleared of many printing faults.') Title ; VII a. 1 19 pages Quoted by O'Callaghan,! p. 33 , 34» 53 , 275 , 287 , 35Ó , 339, 3S5 , !I 36; by B ro dli ea d p. 26 , iód , 302 , 408 , 413 , 420, 470 , s6i. 9. Verhccrlicktc Nederland | door d'Herstelde ] ZILE-VAART; ] MtlCtïycR üoorgcftcit, ontijccBt en acngclucfcn I öooc maniec Unn'tfiiniciis^p^cUingE üatl I Ecn Boer ofte Landt man, | Ecu Curgei oftc Stec-man , I Ecn Schipper oftc Zee man. | iDaar iiitic fu liiybcii fll^ opvccDtc :iCicf=DcBBer^ ban '^ Xaiibt^ | lucllwrcn , ua Ijac: ftiji en in.inic.: ^mn furclicn | nialftan- btX. UOOrDoubcn : I i Den llcclncn en sobercn toestant in Koophandel, Zeevaart, | Ambachten en Boerenhandel , en vvat d'oorfaack daar van is. 1 1 Aenwyfende door wat middelen dit is te herftelicn , om te bren- gen I tot eene beteren ftaat. I 3 Hoe en op wat manier dcfc middelen moesten aengevangen ende j uyrgevocrt worden. | 3!)icncn&e tOt onbCC^ üiijfinijc CU opnicrcfiingc üan ccn ycgclijcricn : I oock ïniedf: 1 Cot oyc* ningD en ontfct üan üelc liooyliiybcn, .CccUarcnije perfoncn, I Xnirget^ , ■25ac:cn en ?cmijncljt^-ljüöcn, bic ui bcfe fïccDtc nc^nnjljs 1 loofc tijbcn bacc tegen aanfien. l Gedruckt anno 1659' 40- (^Netherland gloryfied by the refloration of Commerce ; clearly reprefen- ted , difcovered and fhown, by manner of dialogue between a Boor or Countryman , a Burgefs or Citizen, a Shipper or Seaman , in which thofe perfons , as fincero lovers of the proCperity of their country, reprefent to each other , in their country's fiylc ar.d manner of fpeech : A3 I . Th, ( 6 ) I, The deplorable and meagre state of commerce ^ navigation^ trade and agriculture, and what the reason of it is. ^, Showing by what means this is to be reftored, to bring it to a better flate, 3, Uow and in what manner thefe means miift be begun and carried out. Serving for inflruction for all: as alfo , for opening relief to many Merchants, Seamen, Citizens, Agriculturalifts and Tradesmen, who see nothing but bad times before them. Title; 68 pages. Another of thofc pamphlets of which the title gives us no idea of the real contents, and which therefore, notwithftanding the clofeft search, often efcape the attention of the hiftorian. For though it is in reality on the advancement of navigation and com- merce , it is not of this commerce itfelf that the author speaks, but of an efficacious means of terminating its languishing (late , — and this means is a new system of colonifation for New Netherland , Florida and Guyana. But in order not to begin by the end , let us firft give the plan of the work. Like mod of the popular difsertations , it is a dialogue between several perfons — we have here three : a Countryman , a Citizen and a Skipper. P. 2—12. The author firft introduces us to the Husbandman and the Ci- tizen , who describe the deplorable state of Holland in 1659 i" ^'i^ moft lively terms; a Skipper coming up, they accoft him with " Good day". He replies in a friendly manner and afks the subject of their converfation. Having been informed that they are fpcaking of the ftate of the country, he joins his complaints to theirs, and gives it as his opinion that the cause of all this mifery is, that most of the European powers having clofed their ports agaiuft the Dutch, the latter are thus deprived of the principal fource of their profperity , viz., commerce by sea. Seamen having therefore no- thing to do, and the great merchants not being able to employ the Artifans, the Husbandmen have great difficulty in selling their products , which were formerly so profitable to them. He then goes on to speak more in detail of the different navigations which arc clofed to them, and of thofe which ftill remain open, and concludes by faying that there is but one means left of reftoring a flourishing ftate of affairs, viz., by augmenting the commerce by sea ; and this he propofes to attain by a new syftem of colonifation for New Netherland , Florida and Guyana. P. 12—20. Being queftioned by the two others on the ftate of thofe countries , he first gives a defcription of New Netherland. But though it appears by what the writer of a description of Guyana faid in 1676 of the author of our pamphlet, that he was a man who had travelled much , efpe- cially in America , the defcription we find here tells us but little that is new. The afsurance however with which he fpeaks of New Netherland, when com- (7 ) comparing it with Florida and Guyana, does not allow us to fiippofe that his knowledge of the country was derived from books. This is less pro- bable when in advifing his interlocutors to read the Befcliryvinge van Nieuw Nederlandt ^ he calls the author of that work Verdonck instead ofVanderDonck. P. 20 — 25. To the description of New Netherland the Skipper adds some remarks on Florida and Guyana , not without coming back from time to time to the former country; and we may here mention, say that almoft all he tells that is new and important on the nature of New Netherland, is to be found in this part of his pamphlet. P. 25—28. The Skipper explains to his friends, that, excluded from commerce with the colonies of other nations, the Dutch ought now to think of planting some themselves and of peopling thofe they have. ■ P. 28 — 29. Queftioncd as to the manner of the new colonifation the fkipper fays that it must above all not be undertaken by a patented com- pany, and he explains all the dangers of such a colonifation. P. 29—31 But mud there then not be companies who will undertake co- lonifation f And what means docs the fkipper give ? — The old one.' The ftate. Not in the way however in which the French and German reformers defire the medium of the ftate; he only gives it the iniitative andrequires as a firft condition , as we fhall afterwards fee , that for their free deve- lopment the colonics fhould be allowed as much fclf-government as pofsible. P. 31—35. Among the queftions of detail to which we now arrive, the author alfo treats the following : Should emigration take only Men to new countries? And with the good fcnfc and perfect knowledge of matters which charactcrifc the author of our book, he decides for the emigration of whole Households ; and for his opinions he gives arguments the more irrefiftible , as the experience of two hundred years has since proved their validity. P. 35 — 36. And how is the governement to find means for promoting co- lonifation? Is it not already too much exhaufted ? Reply: Government finds means enough for arming great fleets merely for the protection of our commerce in the Mediterranean and in the Baltic , which is in fact fcarce» ly worth protecting ; would it then not be able to find a little money to people colonics which promife fuch vaft advantages? P. 36—37. But if Government will not take charge of thcfe details , let it then publifh a proclamation to all the Cities to fhow them the advanta- ges of fuch a colonifation, and the cities will find the money at 3 per cent, which they will afterwards advance at from 5 to 6 percent to the Emigrants, in preparing their new abode for them. As ( 8 ) As however the Dutch do not cafily leave the beaten way, and as they are not at all acciiftomed to accept new ideas , it is probable that all the Dutch cities would not be induced to confent to the plan. It would then be necefsary for 4 or 5 cities to unite for undertaking this colonifation. In return, as the author explains towards the end of the volume, thefe cities would then have the whole of the commerce with the colony to themfelves , till their expenfes were rcimburfed ; or at most for 0.5 or 30 years. The trade would then be free for all the inhabitants of the country. A little before the author has proved that the country suiTers principally from the deplorable ftate of the West India company , which, without being itfelf able to maintain the commerce with America and to colonife the coafts , has neverthclefs the right of excluding others. P. 37 — 38. As for the cities which united for thus undertaking the colo- nifation , the advantages they would derive from it would be far from iuconfidcrable ; and as for the means, — it would only be necefsary to fpend in one year what they are now obliged to give in two or three years without any advantage whatever, — the cofts of the houfes of correction. p, 38—42. A difscrtation on the advantage of penitentiary colonies, fuch as England now pofsefses. It feems that the trials already given to this syftem had, towards the middle of the 17th cent., led clearfighted perfons to recognife at the same time all its advantages and all the de- fects. For though our author decides for the Englifh syftem , he meets and refutes all the objections which have fince proved to be more grave than he is willing to allow. Indeed this enthufiasm for penitentiary colonies was more legitimate then than it is now. For not being as yet enlightened by the fublime Theories of the iBit cent. , thcfe poor Dutchmen were still accuftomed to hang their great criminals. Thofe they would have sent to the Colonies would not then have been perfons who had received a perfect education in the fcience of crime by a prolonged refidenfe in a prifon. On the contrary they would have been unfortunate perfons , reduced by Poverty to beg or fteal , and it would have been againft the syftem of prifons and workhoufes that this meafure would have been directed. This curious difscrtation, which, like a good portrait, refemblcs the learn- ed difsertations of our days as much by its brief and conclufive manner as by the arguments themfelves, is followed by two others which one would really believe to be tranfserred from the 191!» to the 17th century. P. 42—45. The firft reminds us almoft word for word of what we have heard said on the German colonifts of Adelaide in Australia. It treats of the reports of emigrants on the advantages of New Netherland. And it seems (9) that in the i7tb cent, it was prccifely the same as at this very day. Thofe who fuccecd well , remain in the colony , one does not hear of them. But some lazy fellows who conduct themfelves too badly to fucceed, who have preferred lounging about "cane in hand" as our author says , to work- ing hard as they ought to have done, return to their country disfatisfied, and pcrfuade others to remain where they are, rather than to procure an independant pofition in the colony by means of their labour. The fecond difsertation is as it were an anticipative reply to Mrs. H. S t o w e , adducing fcripture texts, to prove that the Bible does not con- demn flavery! If however thefe arguments are not fufficienr for us, our author refers us to U d e m a n's GeefleNjk Roer , (^see in this Bibliography '■'ff^est India Company.'''') P. 45—46. The Burgefs here makes a remark — in reply to which one would regret not being able to fhowhim S t e dm a n's voyage to Surinam — that he is afraid the Dutch would be too merciful to be able to keep ne- groes as slaves! They have indeed given ftriking proofs of mercy ! The Skipper therefore very properly repels this objection, which indeed seems not only to have b^en made by our imaginary Burgefs, but alfo by a great number of real flefli and blood Burgeffes. The Skipper's arguments are mod conclullve : he pafscs in review many cruelties perpetrated by the Dutch in India and Africa. P. 4Ó — 49. Propofals to induce the poor of the country to requeft as a favour the being fcnt into the foreign countries. Should this be found infufficient , all beggars and thieves thould be fent there by force. P. 50 — 55. There is flill a hope among the people that old times are about to revive, that the commerce with other countries is about to be re- opened, and that every thing will then flourish as before. It is efpecially to Brazil- that all hopes arc directed; but this will lead to nothing. If even every thing should turn out for the beft, Holland would have to fpend great fuins in order to open a commerce which it could only protect by immenfe fleets. And it is almoft as fare that Holland will not obtain the Brazi- lian commerce a fecond time, as it is that if gained it would lofe it again as foon. On the other hand the colonifation of New Netherland, of Florida and of Guiana offers none of thefe dangers. The inhabitants of thofe coun- tries not being, like the Brazilians, the enemies but the brothers of the Dutch, woukl not think of repudiating the protection of the mother country , while but a fmall force would be necefsary to protect them againft the attacks of other nations. One would befidcs enjoy all the advantages which Colonies in general bring to the Mother Country ; advantnges which were valued at a ftill higher rate in the i/tb century than at prefcnt. For although B our C lo ) our author does not deny that emigration is a real lofs for the country , he eafily comforts himfelf by the reflection: That in a time of mifery there are but too many perfons in the country , and that in times of profperity there is never any want of perfons who are glad to find an asylum in Holland. P. 55 to the end, (p. 68). The Skipper proves that the new colonies fhould not be intruded to companies ; and in the middle of the 171b cent. our ingenious author difcovers almoft all that has been recently faid by Meffrs. O'C allaghan, B rod head and N c t f c h e r , againft the Weft India Company and its defective syftem of colonifation and adminillration. What he recommends as the only thing ufeful or even admittable, is what a long experience has proved to be the fole means for the profperity uf colo- nies, viz. Self Government, He only demands from the mother country the iirft affillance till the colony is really a colony ; and even from the very beginning he wifhes the Governor to be one of the Colonifts and nor a Itranger fcntover by drangers. Being himfelf a colonift the intercfts of the colony will be his interefts; what afdicts her will alfo afflict him; and what our author demands above and before everything elfe is abfolute freedom from all contributions levied for any thing but for the colony itself, that is to fay expenfcs for municipal councils, for courts of law, etc Itmustalfo be well underflood that our pamphlet concludes by showing the great advantages that religion would derive from a regular and well organifed fyftem of colonifation; and if we compare the extract of the Breeden Raedt given by Mr. Brodhead, page 7Ó0 , with the actual Hate of New York, we shall find that our author was right. Such is the curious book we here introduce into bibliography, and, as we hope, into the Itudy of hiftory. For befidcs what we have enumerated, the pamphlet abounds in curious remarks , cfpccially as to what has pre- vented the Dutch from emigrating to diftant countries, on their national prejudices etc., and frequently aftonishes us by obfervations which one would almoft believe to be new difcoveries of political economy , chiefly with regard to free trade. And if it is an efsential part of hiftory to know what would have been if circumftances had not prevented ; that is to fay, to know not only the pofitivc but alfo the negative influence of events, this book muft be numbered among the beft fources for the hiftory of New Netherland. The note on this book of which we fpoke above, is to be found in the Introduction to the Befchryvitige van Guiana, publifhed at Hoorn in 1676. This introduction is almofl; entirely derived from our pamphlet, and it concludes by faying that the nieafures then recently adopted by the go- vernment , are only faithfully copied from the ideas of our author. 10. (" ) 10. HET IVAERE ONDERSCHETr\ TUSSCHEN | Koude en Warme I LAN- DEN, I AENGEWESEN | In de Nootfakelyckheden die daervereyfcht worden, \ Ten I om beydc die Landen te kennen bewoonen. | Ten II Tot de Kui- ture van die felve Landen. Ende | Ten III In de ongemeene groote voor- deelen , dcwelcke de warme \ Landen , door middel van hare Vruchten , boven de koude \ Landen , opbrengen. | Voorgeflelt en vergeleken met Nieu- Ncderlant, | als fynde een koude Landt en Guajana /y«/f« ee» warm Landt, en I beyde gelegen in AMERICA, doch onder een befonder Climaet, en dat | by gelegenheyt van de bevolckinge dewelcke tegenwoordig in bey- \ de die ge- weften wort gedaen. Op dat, daer door alle Patroonen | mogen onderregt worden in wat Landen fy hare Colonijen | met de minfle onkoften , ende de fpoedichfle en grootfte \profyten konnen leggen: \ ALS MEDE op dat alle Luyden dewelcke haer, ofte uyt noot, ofce op hope van ] groote winften te doen met'er woon na alfulcke Nieuwe Landen willen begeven | daer uyt mogen bekennen, in wcicke van beyde Landen, het voor haer het ghc-mackclijkflc fal fyn te leven, en wacr inne zy de fpocdigfte , grootfte en verfeec-kcrfte profijten fullcn konnen doen. Door O. K. | In 'j Graven-IIage , gedruct voor den Autheur , by Henricus Hon- dius, in de nieuwe Konst- en- Boeck-druckery , in de Hof-Stract. (1659.) QThe True Difference between Cold and Warm Countries, demonflrated by the requirements necefsary : \, For inhabiting both countries. II, For cultivating the fame. Ill, In the enormous profits which, by their fruits, warm countries yield in preference to cold ones. Shown by the com» parifon of New-Netlierland , being a cold country, and Guiana , being a warm country, and both Jttuated in America; but each in a different climate; and all that is now being done for the colonifation of both Countries. For the purpofe of fhowing to all patrons , in which coun- tries they can begin their colonies with the mofl certain hope of speedy and plentiful returns , and alfo that all perfons who , either from need or in the hope of large profits, will remove to fuch new countries , may know in which of thefe countries it will be the moft agreeable for them to live , and where they will get the speediefl and largest profits. By 0. K. (^Otto Keye.) Title XVIII a. 178 pages. 11. SOMMIER. VERHAEL [ Van fekere 1 Amerikaenfche | VOYAGIE , 1 )©E* bajniDoor den Ridder 1 BALTHASAR GERBIER, | Baron Douuily | etc. 1660. 4°. {Summary Account of a certain American Foyage done by the Chevalier B a 1 1 h a s a r G e r b i e r , Baron Douuily. B 2 12. li- Otto :^ fcf)cib jtvifce^*» ^.^^^^'Hicn iinb [ Mtm ^anbcn ficmtij} ju kfn^cn/ 1 tinb 5u mifm | nH'(dt)c Don I)CJ;bcn <\m fn<},iid)iïcn m kwop nm/ I am U^mU^m m m hanen tmb ben 6cf?cn 9?u(5cn 1 <^c6cn mo(^at. | ^mcn 9^a(:roncn/ fo ba (£o(onfcnan mHm | f^cfonncn/ ar^ aucf) benen ^erfenen tntb ^^cimiden bte if)V/ \ CSdtcrlanb m ivr^^effen (id) k\) ber^^fcfcften ^ccoicfam^ j md) fremben Mnf^cn m\h didc^m (^é\'md)üx f (apen woKen. j Zn^ bent ^orianbtfcl)en fn^f ipocfitentfcftc | i\t(m \ burc^ | T. R, c. s. c. s. I idp'^hi i 3m 9Ct!3fcl)tfc6cn ^ucfetaben. | MDCLXXII. (_Otto Keye's Piort fketch of New-Netherland and Guiana compared tO" gither to obtain the difference between warm and cold countries, and to fhow which of the two is the most pleafant to live in , the most capable of culture and can give the most profit to thofe patrons who think of efiablishing colonies tliere , as alfo for thofe persons and families who , to forget their country, nifh to find a fimilar in foreign lands and regions- Translated from Dutch into German, by T. R.C.S. C.S. Title XVIII a. 144 p. with 8 p. Regifter. Up to this very moment the original of Otto Keye was unknown to bibliography. Even Mr. Brodhead's very recent work only cites the German tranflation. The importance of this book as an authority on the internal history of New Netherland is next to nothing. With all poffible pains, the author twifts and turns, fo as to fay almoft nothing pofitive on the nature of the country, and what he does fay is taken from van der Do nek. Notwithftanding this , the book is not wanting in a certain hiftorial in- tereft, for it doubtlefs contributed its fhare in preventing the coloni- fation of New Netherland , being written with this view and with much ability. The author having an intereft in the colony of Guiana , to which he was attached as an officer, here attcmps to fhow how much Guiana is supe- rior to New Netherland for the purpofes of colonifation, and so, to prove that false thefis, he generalifes his theme and fpeaks of the advantages that warm countries have over cold ones. We know but too well that, even put in that manner, his thefis is entirely falfe, and that temperate countries, in which the climate is fimilar to that of Europe, are the best for planting colonies. — Neverthelefs the arguments of uur author, the exact calculations he ( 13 ) he pretends to make of the iiecefsary expenfes for the one and the other colonifation, his defcription of the beauties of Guiana, all thcfe muft have feduccd many Perfons , and to this vvc are to afcribe the vehemence with which the author of the Kort Verhael attacks Otto K e y e. In order to give a more exact idea of this book we will show irs ingenious plan : Introduction. The author pretends that he has written his book at the defire of those authorities of the cities which are about to found a colony in Guiana. Interrogated by them as to the reafonwhythe fugitive inhabitants of Brazil prefer living in the French and English colonies of the Antilles, to going to New Netherland, — "It is bccaufe every senfible perfon would prefer a warm country to a cold one", replies our author. He is re quelled to prove this by a book , and this is the theme of the prefent work. What is here faid is however only at the end of the introduction; the principal contents are as follows : With much Art the author explains what prevents people from leaving the wretched country in which they live, if even it is "The ftinking marshes of F.aft Fricfland." Greater flill is the folly of thofe who, from the first, choofe a bad country inftead of a good one. The author then proceeds to give a picture of the wants of cold countries , and here nothing is forgotten that can ferve to make it appear frightful to the reader. To this is oppofcd another picture , no lefs eloquent , of the beauties of warm countries. And our author cunningly fcems to infinuate that the defcription of cold countries is that of New Netherland. Indeed how can the reader think that fuch is not the cafe , fince it is the avowed object of the author to show the difference between cold and hot countries , as proved by the provinces of New Nether- land and Guiana. Then come fome obfervations on the wisdom of the Grft nations occupying the new world, who have never chofen cold coun- tries , which they have abandoned to thofe who could find no better and after fome fimilar obfervations he concludes with the afscrtion above mentioned. The book itfelf is not less cleverly compofed. The author acknowledges that New Netherland is much preferable to the Netherlands; that one can more eafily obtain large and independant pofsefsions , but he fays it in fuch a manner as to make the reader doubt the fucccfs of fuch an entcrprife. He then calculates what it is necefsary to take over, for the purchafe and cultivation of land fufficient to fupporta family, and arrives at the enormous sum of 1850 florins; even with this fum one would require very good years , in order not to fall into difficul- ties. And, be it remarked, this sum is calculated in fuch a manner as to ^ -^ give ( H) give probability to this fall i)ig into difficulties y the fear of which alone would be fufficicnt to deter many. All this is deduced with an appearance of truth and good faith that muft have deceived the great mafs of uninflructed pcrfons to whom the book was addrefsed and for whom it was certainly written. The author has not fparcdthem aDefcription of the labour required for clear- ing a primitive American foreft, with the meagre profits which agriculture yields ; and to give an appearance of good faith to this part of his book , with all the gravity of a perfon who has made it the ftudy of his life , he enters into a deliberation as to what fpecies of cultivation would be beft for New-Nctherland, and for what perfons this country would be recommendable. Then follows the Defcription of Guiana , which the Author has not only vifited, but for the knowledge of which he has always been conGdered one of the beft authorities. To each chapter of the defcription of New-Netherland is oppofed one of Guiana; every thing that is unfavourable to the former is favourable in the latter; where there are advantages to be gained in New-Netherland, the fame advantages are to be found in a ten times greater degree in Guiana. In the very rare book we have added to O 1 1 o K e y e is to be found the portrait of our author, and the account of an asfasfination committed by him in Guiana on the daughter of Balthazar Gerbier, the di- rector of the colony, and fome other perfons. 13. KOR.T VERHAEL i Fan NIEUW J NEDERLANTS Gelegentheit, Deughden , Natuerlyke Voorrechten, en by- | zondere bequaemheidt ter bevolkingh: Mitsgaders ecnige | Reqnefien, Vertoogen, Deductien , enz, ten dien einden door I eenige Liefhebbers ten verfcheide tijden omtrent 't laetst | van 't j'aer 16Ó1. geprefenteert aen de A.A. Heercn BUR- I GERMEESTEREN dezer Stede , of derzelvcr E. E. Hee. | ren Gecommitteerde, enz. | Z\tt firCEiJCi: ac9tC^ ilC Voor-Rede ijcn Korten Inhout, mlt^ga- 1 bcr^ tre Waer- fchouwingh aen de Boekverkoopers, flaetlÖC I Sicr ÜCtÜOlgcng OJJ ü'anüeC:* Of tcgenssgbc. | «Jcöruïtt in 't jact 1062. {A fhort account of New'Netlierland''s fituation ^ virtues, natural, privileges and peculiar fitnefs for population. Together with fome requests, reprefentations, deductions etc, presented for that pnrpofe by fome ama- teurs at different times about the end of the year 1661 , to the Burgo- mafters of this city or to their Deputies , etc. See more at full the brief contents , at the end of the preface , together with the warning to the bookfellers , fianding hereafter on the other fide or reyerje. Title 84 pages. Quoted by O'Callaghan, II 9C9. Brodhead V b. 199. Summary ( 15 ) SUMMARY. 1. A fhort account of the fituation , good qualities, natural privileges and peculiar advantages for colonifation of New-Nctherland , fol i. Together with a short account of the natives, their size, manners, customs, etc. fol. i8. Alfo of agriculture in New Netherland. a. The Hate has guaranteed the decline or lofs of this New Netherland by proper immunities. Reafons for this book's being printed. Reafons why fome points are explained more fully, and why, inftcad of a village or hamlet, they have endeavoured to make it a province worthy of the ftate or town. INIofl important reafons why minifters are for- bidden, fol. c8. The pretended equality is maintained together with , feveral weigthy arguments tending to eftablish a glorious and perma- nent democracy, fol. 29. 3. Several explanations and amendments of fome articles in argument D. 4. Several requeft, arguments, deductions, etc., tending to obtain proper privileges for peopling New Netherland, fol. 43, and efpecially the argument or deduction D. fol. 50, which has been a provifory outline of government, and which the above mentioned explanations tend to recommend. 5. A poftfcript, containing feveral matters oi ftate fol. 68. 6. A moft remarkable chapter , drawn from a certain book entitled : Frank Difcourfe of Mr. D'Aubigne. a French nobleman, and formerly attendant to Henry the Great (Henry IV.) king of France, proving the abfurdity ofthofc who will not fuffcr anybody to fpcak of the Reforma- tion ,fol. So; together with a remarkable extract from a difcourfe of an old Leyden magiftrate, concerning the liberty of fpeaking and writing. fol. 84. Of all books the Dutch have left us on their American Colony, of how- ever various kinds they may be, none is certainly ftranger than this. Af- ter the twentyfcventh page we entirely lofe our way; every thing is un- known to us, — ideas, the very words almost, the perfons the author adrcf- fes , the diction , — in a word the whole book. The American hiftorians therefore have hardly taken the pains to run it through; they have fimply thrown it among the Montanuses, Meltons and other compilations, and have given but a meagre extract of thofe hiftoiical facts of which it is the only fource. And although it belongs to the four or five firft Dutch books on New Netherland which were known in America , thefe writers treat it almoft as if it was unknown to them. It is however an excellent fource fora part of the Hiftory of New Netherland which has as yet not been written; that of the influence of parties, and of their difputes on colonifation. Though only a detailed and careful ftudy can lead us to ( ïö ) to a real knowledge of this influence, one may perceive at firft siglit that it has not been wanting in importance. And in the beginning, as well as at the end of the Dutch colonisation on the fhores of the Hudfon , the great men who fell a facrificc to a fimilar combat , Olden barneveld and the De Witts, are confidercd , even by -.luthors of our own times , as having had a great fhare in the hiftory of the Weft India Company. We regret not having been able to make the ftudy necefsaiy for explaining this part of the hiftory, but it appears to us that at the time of our pamphlet, there muft have been a faction in Holland which could difpofe of many excellent and able pens , and , professing ultra-radical political maxims , holding nearly a middle place between the firft and fecond conftitutions of the great French revolution. This party continually oppofed the Princes of the houfe of Orange, and confldered it as a duty to represent them as tyrants who had fquandered the treafures of the country and contracted immenfe debts. In the time to which our pamphlet belongs, this party feems to have laid hold on the question of the Weft India Company , and as we may con- clude from many pages of this work, writings on that subject were by no means few in number. The pamphlet No. 9 appears to have been one of thefej at least it advocates the fame manner of colonifation as they do. Whether the D e Witts gave rife to this party or not , we cannot venture to determine, but two parties attacking the fame perfons and car- rying on the fame ftruggle are never entirely fcparated. On the other hand we muft conclude , from what Mr. O'Callaghan fays v. II p. 547 •• that the lofs of New Netherland ferioudy embarrafsed the De Witts; that, at leaft as far as concerns the queftion of colonifa- tion, thcfc ftatefmen were of the opinion of the Weft India Company, and not of that of the abovementioned writers. Another thing we cannot fail to remark in reading the Kort rerhael at- tentively, is, that the book has been written by two different perfons, one of them pathetically declaiming, the other fpeaking frankly and fimply of a fct purpofe earnestly purfued. It is to the firfl perfon that belong the very feeble preface and defcription of New-Netherland (p. 1-27) and the podfcript , (p. 68.) — to the fecond probably the addrefses fent to the Burgomafters and their explanation, (p. 27-67.) The fecond perfon is one of the Mennonift emigrants, — the firft a jour- nalift, deeply immerfcd in pamphlet quarrels. Let us firft fpcak of the journalift. He is certainly not a man of much talent; very different in fact from the writers of the party above alluded to. This man '^ppofes the radical faction , and without disproving their as- fertions, he decries them. On the other hand, liberty is one of the cardinal points ( 17 ) points in the programma of the Mennonites , what was therefore the poli- tical pofition of the perfons who had then taken the affairs of New Netherland into hand? What influence did their political opinions have on their actions ? Did not the emigration itfelf of the Mennonites arife from thcfe little combats ? What interest had they in afsociating with an anti- Orangist? All thefe are questions we must pass over; questions in fact which a catalogue-writer has no bufinefs to attempt refolving. Perhaps alfo I may be deceived in many of my first deductions. As for the ideas of the fccond writer , that is to say the writer of the programma of the Mennonites, they are given fo well and with fo much precifion by Mr. O'Callaglian II, p. 76s, that it is ufelefs to notice them farther. All then that remains for us to do is , to show what there is new about New Netherland in the Kort Verhael ,, and v/hence the rest has been taken. P. I, 1. I— p. 1. I. 13. An infignificant introduction. The author fays that he does not intend to inquire into the claims of the Dutch tothepos- fefsion of New Netherland : becaufe , fays he , one has not a right to a country from the mere circumstance of being the first to pofscfs it, but by cultivating it and rendering it ufeful. This is a maxim o? jus naturale , which, like all other maxims of this right, does not care for proofs, becaufe , — as almost always happens — it cannot find any. P. 2. 1. 14—33. Taken from van der Donck Befchr., p. i, chapter: Waer N. N. etc. , and mixed up with fome obfcrvations taken from D e L a e t. r. 1 I. 34 — p. 7, 1. 34 An abfiract of all the chapters of van der Donck, from: van de Kuft (p. 4) to: van dc Mineralen (p. 28—30). P. 7. 1. 44 — 46. Here our author obferves that the country is fo full of fragrant plants that at an almoft incredible number of miles distance one can fmell the land before one can fee it; and that this is efpecially true with regard to the South River. This remark is to be found in none of our historical fources and may liave its origin in the imagination of the author himfelf, or he may have found it in the defcription of fome voyage to the East Indies. lb. 1. 46. — p. 8 i. 18. Taken from de Vries, on the Cold in the neighbourhood of South River. P. 8. 1. 19— 23 . Mr. N i c o 1 a e s d e R i n g h e, who lived for more than a year at New Amftel, planted and plucked the finest falad imaginable in the middle of the feverest winter. Our author is again the only authority who guarantees this extraordinary fact ; we are however to obferve that it is only in the neighbourhood of South river that thefe miracles happen. P 8 I. 31—36. The author remarks that in winter the days are three C quar- ( 18 ) quarter of nn hour shorter , in fummcr as much longer as in the mother country ; a true obfervation , but the fource of which I cannot difcover. P. 8. 1. 36— p. 9. 1. 10. From v. d. Do nek Befchr. Chap.: Verfcheijd. Wateren (p. 11— isO* P. 9. 1. 10—40. In thefe lines the author explains that he is now about to conclude his general defcription and give fome details. — Then : that the coast of New Netherland is about.... miles long (sic) and that befides that, the country extends farther to the west to an unheard of diftance. He next tells us that the English of New England have learned from thofe of Virginia, who have themfelves learned it in the cruel fcbool of misfortune, that the first thing the colonics have to do , is to few , to plant and to take precautions against the Indians. P. 9. 1. 41— p. 10. 1. 5. No must one trust to the hope of finding many minerals, — but he will fpeak of that hereafter; for the moment he will inform us of the " Byzonderheden" of New Netherland. P. 10. 1. 6—27. There are four rivers, of which the South River deferves the most praife. — Some obfervations on the South River, taken, as the author himfelf fays , from the Befchryvingke and from the Fertoogh of v. d. D o n c k. P. 10. 1. 28— p. II. 1. 22. Defcription of Hoere-Kill , which the author informs us he received from a perfon who returned from New Netherland in June 1662. This defcription is not to be found either in de Vries or in any of the other books printed before 1662. P. II. 1. 23—27. Defcription of the South River, from the Fertoogh. lb. I. 27— p. 12. 1. 7. Continuation of this defcription from van der D o n ck , Befchr. P. 12. 1. 8—48. Extract from Fertoogh p. 19—20. On the incroachments of the English and Swedes near the South River. P. 13. I. 1—7. Some words on the Colony of the City of Amfterdam of 1656. 1. 8—20. Extract from the Fertoogh , p. 17 , on the exploits of Sir E d- ward Ploeyden. 1. Z2—H7. Extract from de Vries p. no, De Vries has been told that the true name of Niew-port-Bay is Delwaerts Bay. 1. 28—33. Some words on the affair of colonel Utie at New Amftel in 1659 (O'C alia g han II 378. Brodhead p. 664.) I. 34—41. A fage piece of advice given by the author to the authorities of his country , rather to offer this fine river to fome free men of the Fatherland than to drangers, as has been shamefully done with the Fresh River. I. 42—46. Some fuperfluous words as an introduction to the defcription of the North River, 1. 47. ( 19 3 1. 47— V- 25, !• 41- '-J-'o ihc defcriptions of North River, Fresh River, and East River and to that of the favages , as alfo to the treatife on agri- culture which now follow, the author has neither introduced his naive remarks nor the experiences of his Mr. Nicolaes De Ring he, who plants falad in mid-winter. Thefe chapters are limply extracts from the f^ertoogb and the Befchryyinghe, of van derDonck and D e Vries. P. 25, 1. 42—1:6, 1. 2. Some obfervations on the excellence of New Netherland , as profound as they are new, proved by the extracts he has given , and above all on the fuperiority of South River — the ceterum cenfeo of our author. P. 26. 1. 3—40. The writer here attacks Otto K e y e. We muft own he is not very polite. He would perhaps have committed no very great fault in not treating him as a fchoolboy , or as a man , who , from very shame, ought not to know where to hide his head. As for what he op- pofes to the cafuistry of his advcrfary he has not been happy in finding the beft things to be faid. lb. 1. 41 — p. 27, 1. 28. The author continues his Bijzonderheden by two extracts, the one from the '•^Zamenppraak oyer de Gelegenheid, enz." (at the end of van der Donck) and the other from the Fertoogh. Part. II. p. 28, 1. 3 — ly. It is by the advice of fome Friends that the Mennonites have published the fcvcral addrcfscs fent by them to the bur- gomafters of Amfterdam. P. 31, 1. 17—33 > I. 41. Extract from a book mentioned by our author as ^'■Zeker Nieuw Nederlants gefchrifty''^ but which we have not yet been able to difcover. Part. Ill, p. 44. 1. 10. The Hoere-Kill is alfo called Sinkenesfe. 14. De Nieuwe en Onbekende I WEERELD: | of I BESCHRIJVING I van 1 AMERICA | EN 1 'tZUID LAND, | Veryaetende \ d'Oorfprong der Americaenen en Zuid- I landers gedenkwaerdige togten derwaerds, 1 Gelegendheid | Der Vafte Kuften , Eilanden , Steden , Sterkten , Dorpen , Tempels, I Bergen, Fonteinen, Stroomen, iluifen , de natuur van Bees- ten, Boomen , \ Planten en vreemde Gewaffchen , Godsdienjl en Zeden, Wonderlijke \ Foorvallen, Vereeu'wide en Nieuwe Oorloogen: | Vcrciert met Af-beeldfels na 't leven in America gemaekt , en befchreevcn I Door | Arnoldus Montanus. I t'' AMSTERDAM \ By Jacob Meurs, Boek-ver- kooper en Plaet-fnyder, op de Kaifars-graft , | fchuin over de Wefter- markt , in de ftad Meurs. Anno 1671. Met Privilegie, fol. The new and unknown World, or Defcription of America and the South Land ; containing the origin of the Americans and the South- landers : remarkable travels thither, Jituation of the continental coaJIs C 2 if. C 20 ) iflands , towns, fortified places, villages, temples , mountains , foun- tains , fireams , houfes , the Jort of animals , trees , plants and ft range herbs, religion and manners , remarkable events, ancient and modern wars. Ornamented with figures taken from life in America, and defcribed Z-jfArnoldus Montanus.) 2 Titles. Portrait of Joan M a u r i t s ; IV 3.585 pages with 0.7 pages Bladwyzer a. 54 engravings. Quoted by O' C a 1 1 a g h a n , II 834. Brodhead 77 , 631 , 743. This volume forms part of the great collection of D a p p e r , of which there exist fome fets on large paper. The defcription of New Netherland contained in Montanus does not pretend to be an original work; but whether it has been in part borrowed from books no longer to be found, (fuch as the defcription of "Noort Rivier," mentioned by van der Do nek), or whether the author has con- fulted M.S. authorities , — there are fome among the things he mentions for which he is the firft , if not the only fource. To arrive the more eaOly at this conclufion we will analyfe the 11 pages which treat of New Netherland. In this analyfe I have followed the method (to employ a grand word for a trifling affair) of the Monumenta Germaniae of P e r t z. P. 123, from line 1 to I. 29, Nieuw-Nederland to gevat. Without having fol- lowed his authority word for word, the author feems to have taken this from D e L a e t. lb. /. 29—32. Adriaen — ftroomen. Our author is, I believe, the firft who makes Godyn undertake a voyage of difcovery to New Netherland. The reafon of this ftrangc fuppolition is probably to be afcribed to the name of the bay named Godyn's Bay. One would almoft fuppofe that Godyn's voyage was a fact which had efcaped the obfervation of other hlflorians if it did not refult from the appendix to the firft vol. of O' C a 1 1 a g h a n p. 479. that to plant a colony near the fame bay which our author makes him difcover, Godyn was obliged to fend two perfons to America to examine the place. It is well known that Godyn, even on this, did not refolve on the enter* prifc: it required the prefence of D e V r i e s to found the colony. lb. I. 32—41, Onder — Manhattans, This is taken from the Map of V i s f er, as is shown efpecially by the name of Matouwaks given to Long Ifland and by that of Port Mayor Godyn's Bay given to the mouth of the Hudfon. This laft fault is alfo to be found on the map of van der Donck. lb. 1. 41— 123b 1. 10. Alfoo—Werlaten. Taken from De L a c t, ch. 10. lb. 1. 10 — 33. 0/ '/ eiland — Maetfchappij. This short defcription ofNew Amfterdam is taken from the view of that place to be found at the foot of ( 2Ï ) of the map of Visser and the author introduces his error in the name of the mouth of the Hudfon. lb. 1. 33—49. f^eorts — maekt. Taken from van der Donck Befchrij. vinghe (p. 12 and 13). lb. 1. 49— 124» I. I. De zeekujl — brengt. Taken from van der Donck Befchr. Chap. Van de Ghedaente. (p. 18). P. I24at. I — II. V Eikenhout — o«//ee yifchrtjke — bruin; from Befchr. Van de Vis.(p. 42—43.) lb. 1. 30—50. Onder _ draegen; from Befchr. Van het Fenyn. (p. 44— 45.) lb. 1. 50— 129b 1. 2. Dit — verve ; from Befchr. Hare gedaente. (p. 52— 54.) P. 129b I- 3—18. Matlg — klomp; Befchr. De fpyfe , enz. (54—55.) lb. 1. i3 — I3ca 1. I' Henrick — benaemen ; from De Laet. Ch. X. P. 130a /. I— i3cl» /. 23. De kleeding —fiaedigi from Befchr. Van de Clee- dinghe (p. 5Ö— 58.) C3 Ji, ( " ) lb. 1. 23— 131a 1. 35. Haer huifen—voorfieni from Befchr. Hare Huyfen (p. 58—60). P. 131a 1. 35—131'' 1' 26. De veelheid— minne, from Befchr. Maniere v. Hu- welycken (p. 60— Ö2). P, 131b 1. 26—31. Soola»g—by, from Befchr. Van bet Suygen (p. 62 — 63). lb. 1. 31—1323 1. 10. De naafte— hielden , from Befchr. Manier van Be- graven (p. 63—64). This chapter is given almoft entire , though the words are changed. P. 132a 1. 11—36. Tegen— over, from Befchr. Hare Feestdagen (p. 64— 65). lb. 1. 36—43. De tael— worden , from Befchr. Van Verfch. Geflachten (p. 67). Some of van der Donck's words , at the end of the chapter , have been misunderftood by Mont an us. lb, 1. 43 — 52. Haer-munt , from Befchr. van het Gelt, enz. (p. 67—68). lb. i. 52 — 132b. I. 14. vorders uytftaen ^ from Befchr. Befond. aengheboo- ren (p. 68—69). P. 132b, 1. 14 — 24. Wonderlijk — vind, from Befchr. Haer Voorforge. (p. 68) lb. 1. 24—32. Hoewel— dapperheid , from Befchr. Het onderfchcydt (p. 71—72). lb, 1. 32—54. De veldheer — verven , from Befchr. Van hare Oorlogen (p. 72—73) , at the end. lb, 1. 54—1333 1. 4. Selden—maeken , from the beginning of the fame chapter. This is almoft the only inftance of M o n t a n u s' not following v. d. D onck in the arrangement of the materials as well as in the nar- rative : — the reafon is eaflly found ; it is becaufe he wishes to join this fecond extract to what he has made of the next chap, of v. d. Donck. P. 133a 1. 4—25. Indien— tijd, from Befchr. Van hare Justitie (p. 73—74)- lb. 1. 25 — 41. ^lle— verander y from Befchr. Van de Schenckagien (p. 74—75). lb. 1. 41—53. Bi/— kikken , from Befchr. Van de Wilden, enz. (p. 75—76). Here our author is miftakcn as to the fenfe of v. d. Donck's words, in faying that it is the nobility, who asfembled for the councils of ftate and war. The perfons of whom v. d. D. fpeaks are not only the nobles but alfo the chiefs, of whom he expressly fays, that they were chofcn from among the people as much as from among the nobles. As Tacitus fays: reges pro nobilitate, duces pro virtute fumunt. lb. 1. 53— 133b 1. 50. Men—gebragt, from Befchr. Haere Religie (p.76— 78). P. 133b. 1. 51-1343 1. 4. Wegens— verhuijl , from Befchr. Van haere Ge- voelen (p. 78). lb, 1. 4— 134b 1. 4. De goede— boord, from Mercurius 1656 p. 129. The ( 23) The laft ten lines feem to be taken fiom difTerent authorities not eaüly to be difcovered now. They contain a piece of news I cannot find in any other Dutch book, except the note to the Mercurius of 1665 , that the com- merce of New Netherland was almoft put a flop to by the conquefl, and that in confcquence the inhabitants fuffL-red much. As for the three engravings with which this account is ornamented, two of them have no fcientific value, the third, reprefenting New Amflerdam, is without any doubt the handfomest, and at the fame time offers us the mofl agreeable view of the Dutch New-York of those which have come down to us, and of which we will fpeak in the lift of maps of New Netherland. IS. ^tC IXnkt^nU | Neue U^ell \ ChCt | Befchreibung \ Ué tVCft' U\{ê 1 AMERIKA I tinb bC£? | Sud-Landes -. \ Darinnenvom Uhrfprunge 4er Ameriker utid Sud- \ faubcr / \xx\h i^öii U\\ gcbcncfttjurbt^cn OCciyfcn bcr (Buropcr b^inwcft ju. | Q5>tc audf) | von desf.iben Fejlen Landern , Infeln , Stadten , Feflungen , Dor fern , | i)Ol'n^^ttl|Tcn ^^\>^\xt\v Q$cr(jcn/Cèrunncn/Sf«^cn/unb 2(^rtciibcr'itm/ ^cumc/ ©taubcn/.itnb nnbercr frcmbcn ©civac^fe ; aif? nucft i^on ben I ©ottcff' tinb ©otjcn^bicnf?cn/ ©ittcn/ épmcl)cn/ ^(cibcr^wcfttcn/ 1 tvunbcrlicftm ^CvjwBniffcn/ tinb fowoöï mw ar^ ncucn I .^ncöcn flu^fu^rlid^ 3c{)(mbcft ivirb; | Durch tind durch mit vielen nach dem Leben in Ameriken felbjl \ Cnttt)Otf CltClt ViUihm^m gctjtcrct | ^urcj Dr. o. d. , | au 2(m|?ci'b(tm | ^ci) Jacob van Meurs , auf bct ^ctifer^gmft / tji bci* (Bt(lbt SOJ^urff 1 1Ö73. - foi. (r/f/^ title being almoft entirely the fame as that of the Dutch edi- tion 5 needs no fecond translation. It muft be retii.irkcd however^ that the translator has attributed the authorfhip to Dr. O. D a" p p c r, who has only the merit of haying published it with the other works of his celebrated collection.') a Titles IV 658. XXII pp. The only copy of this rare book to be found in Holland belongs to Mr. Campbell, deputy librarian at the Hague. The repeated commu- nication of this treafure is one of the many kindnesfes I owe to that diftinguished gentleman, and for which I take this firft , not only, oppor- tunity , of cxpresfing my extreme gratitude, 16. (24) 16. EDWARD MELTONS | ZEE en LAND | Reizen | Door \ verfcheide Geweften des fVerelds (Engraved title), | EDWARD MELTONS | Eii- gelfch Edelmans, I Zeldzame en Gedenkwaardige | ZEE- en LAND REIZEN; | Door | Egypten , Weft-Indien , Perzien, Turkyen, Ooft- indien , t\\ b'aangrcnscnijc Geweften 5 ficDcIscnbc Ecn 5eec naautufieucige öes» 1 fcDrjjitiing öcr gcnoEnbc lanöcn, fiEnebcng bct3rIUti: S{nluooiibCü 1 ren (öob^bicnjl , Kegcerlng, ZtUn en aSctuoonten, l raltfga^: | bcr^ bele occr brccmbc öoorüaïlcn , ongcmEcne gefcöi^*' 1 bcniffen , en tuonbcclpcfie toebecbarinscn. i SCangebangen in ben Jaarc 1660 en geeinbigb in ben jaare 1677* | Vertaald uit d'eigene Aanteekeningen en Brieven van den gedagten Heer MELTON ; | en met vcrfcheidene fclioone Kopere Fi- guuren verficrd. | T'AMSTERDAM | By JAN ten HOORN, Boek- verkooper over 't Oude Heeren- | Logement, Anno 1681. (printed title,) — 4°. (Edward M e I t o n 's Voyages and Travels through different pans of the world. — Edward Melton, an English nobleman^ s flrange and memorable voyages and travels, through Egypt, Weft-India, Perfia, Turkey , Eaft'India , and the adjacent countries ; containing a very curious Defcription of the faid lands , as alfo of their inhabitants, re' ligion , government , wanners and cufloms, together with many very firange accidents , uncommon hiflories and wonderful events; begun in the year 1660 and ended in the year 1667. Tranflated from te faid gentleman^s own notes and .letters : and ornamented with feveral fine plates.) Several of the plates are by the celebrated Jan Luiken and are among his best productions. 17. EDWARD MELTONS, etc. ... By JAN ten HOORN , Boekver- kooper over 't Oude Heeren- ) Logement. 1702. This is abfolutely the fame book , with merely a new preface and an alteration in the year of the impresfion on the title.') Two titles IV 496. VIII pp. Defcription of New-Netherland , p. 139-169. The historical value of M e 1 t n is nearly nothing, if indeed one does not regard it as a new abridged edition of van der Donck. That the part relating to New-Netherland is really nothing elfe will appear by the following analyfe. page. (25 ) pa- ge- 136 ib. ib. line. 'words. Nieuw-Ne- derland — onbekend. S~8 d'Eerste - negen 8 — 14 van de -van. chapter, pag. ib. 15—23 Nieuw- ftrooraen. ib. I23-26 Naderhand — gebleven. ib. [27— Nieuw — 1371 13 ftichten. ib. 14 — De rust —is, 138 23 ib. ib. 139 ib. 140 ib. ib. ib. 141 Montanus, II 3. Montanus, II 3. v.d.Donck Befch.ch. wanneer. Montanus, II 3. I 123a ib. 123a Montanus, II 3. van der Donck , Bcfchr.ch van de rust. line. words. I — 7 Nieuw Ne- derlandt — onbekent. d'Eerftc _ negen. Dit fchip-ge- legentheijdt J-14 19—32 24—33 In het — leggen. 34- 6. 7— 10 19—21 i— 37 Wat - word. De — is. Nieu — handel. d'Ooft —-is. 18— in Behalve fine. weg. ib. fame, chapter, ib. ch. Zuydt rivier, ib. ch. Noord ri- vier, ib.ch. Ver- fche ri- vier, ib.ch. Ooft rivier. ib. ch. Verfch. wateren. 123 4-6 10—33 Ö-7 7 S-IQi Nieuw — ftroomen. observations. Almoft literally copied. Almoft word for word. Almoft word for word. II — 13 Op 't — maatfchappü Almoft word for word. The author has alfo copied Mont anus's er- ror on the navigation of Godyn. This note on the occupation of New-Neth. is doubtlefs of the author himfelf and not copied. Almoft verbally. Containing alfo the error on Godyn's bay. With fome infignificant omissions, and by here and there changing the conftruction of the phrafe , this is a verbal copy of v an d er Donck. After the word is (v. d. D.p.6, 1. 11) our author has cer- tainly defignedly omitted the phrafe in which v. d. D. tells us that this place is but little inha- bited by Christians. Things must therefore have greatly changed from 1635 to 1Ó81. Verbally with fome omissions. As above. As above. Verbally from the firft three lines. The text of v. d. Donck, with fome few omissions. With confiderable omissions. We will here take leave of thefe fatiguing coniparirons between the original and the extract, for all the remainder of the defcription of New- Netherland, contained in the work altributed to the Englishman Melton, is taken from van der Donck, in the very fame manner as this firft part which we have been at the pains to anatomife. D If ( aö ) If therefore one wishes to know what Melton's dcfcription of New- Nethcrland is: it is a new abridged edition of van der Donck, with an introduction taken from Mont anus. The engraving reprefenting the cafcade of the Hudfon, certainly owes its origin to the fertile imagination of a perfon who never faw New-Netherland. Notwithftanding all this , the work of our hardy compiler (who does not even fpare Montanus, whofe book had been published but ten years before and mud have been in every ones hands,) has feen two editions. That part relating to America has even been published fepa- rately , whilft a reprint was made of an extract including but the 3^1, ij.th and 5th chapters of Melton's defcription of the West Indies. It appears by the preface to the edition of 170a, that the Dutch critics had been cutting up his book , and ridiculing the obfervation that the Dutch language is one of the mofl difficult in exiftencc. Our author de- clares open war againft the critics (preface ed. 1702) and boldly repeats the offending phrafe in the new edition, which is a mofl: exact reprint of the former one. 18. Aenmcrkenswaardige en Zeldzame | WEST-INDISCHE \ ZEE- en LAND- REIZEN , I Door de Caribifche Eylanden, Nieuw Nederland, | Virginien, en de Spaanfche Weft-Indien : 1 BEHELSENDE : | Ccn fECt lianReilCige 23efcDr0ljing Öet gcnOCmJjC Landen, bta \ tlCffcn^ ticróClÜEC Inwoonde- rcn, Godsdicnft, Regeering, Ztbttl ttl OPcluaontcn , 1 ÜrccmtlC OScfCÖlE? bcniffcn en J^oorMIen, ;jasit^gabcr^ bt (j5roulucl!ir»c I13cctó> iDcticn btt Spajaardcn aau iJE Indianen gcylCEgt in 't onti^CfiRCU üan Nieuw Span- 1 jen , cnS- tH Wïttüijt^li ÖCt Amerikaanfe Zee-Rovers tegCtl^ ÖE ^Jjanjaajijen. l Met Koopere Platen Ferciert. 1 Door cen Voornaam En- gels Heer E* M. en andere, Opmerkelijk Befchreven. l t'Amfl:crdam, by de Weduwe van Gysbert de Groot , Boekverkoopfter op de \ Nieuwe- Dyk op de hoek van d'Engelfche Steeg, in de groote Bybel 1705. — 4<». [^Remarkable and ftrange JJ^efi-Lidia-Foyages and Travels, through the Caribbee Islands, NewNetherland , Virginia and Spanislt America i Containing a very curious defcription of the faid lands, with their in- habitants , religions, government, manners and cujioms , Jlrangs hiftories and accidents; together with the horrid cruelty exercifed by the Spaniards upon the Indians during the conquest of New-Spain ; and the cruelty of the American Buccaneers towards the Spaniards. Orna- mented with copper plates. Defcribed by a noble Englishman , E, M. (Edward Melton) and feyeral other perfons.) 96 pp. Defcription of New-Netherland p. 16— 4<5. This ( 27 ) This book is a reprint of the fecoud part of Melton (p. 121—223), It is ornamented with fevcral cleverly drawn plates ; thofe on New-Ne- therland are imitations of D e Vries. 19, Beschryvinge I van I Oost en West-Indien. | Te Leeuwarden by Jan Clasen. I (Engraved title,) BESCHRYVINGE I Van eenige voorname KUSTEN in I OOST- en WEST- | INDIEN: | Als ZUERINA- ME, NIEUW-NEDERLAND, FLORIDA, van 't Eyland KUBA , BRAZIL, I SIIRATTE , MADAGASCAR, BA- | TAVIA , PERU en MEXICO. I Van haar gelcgenthcid , Aart en Gewoonte dier Vol- 1 keren; hun Koophandel, Godsdienft, | en zelzaame Voor-vallen. | Door ver- fcheidene Liefhebbers gedaan. \ Te LEEUWAARDEN, \ Dy MEINDERT INJEMA , Boek drukker en Verkoper 1 in de St. Jakobs-flraat , by de Waags-picp. 1716. — 4°. {Defcription of the Eafl and ll'eft-Indies : Defcription of fome principal Coafls in Eaji and U^ejl-India^ as : Surinam , New-Netherland , Florida, the J/Jand of Cuba, Brazil, Suratte , Madagafcar , Batavia, Peru and Mexico. On their fituation , the manners and cujloms of their Inhabitants ; their commerce, religion and curious accidents i done by federal amateurs,) 2 titles ; 150 pp. Defcription of New-Nctherland p. 50 — ";(). This Defcription is a reprint of three chapters of M el ton, viz.: III Hooftdccl p. 50—58, Melton p. 138— 141. IV „ ,, 58— Ö2, „ ,, 142—145. V „ „ 62— 7Ó, „ „ 152—162. 19. Algemeene I WERELDT-BESCHRYVING 1 door | A. . P. DE LA CROIX. I I Deel (II , III) I T AMSTERDAM \ Gedrukt by FRAN5OIS HALMA, 1705. (Engraved title). ALGEMEENE | VVEERELD-BESCHRY- VING. 1 Nae de rechte verdeeling der Landfchappen , Plactfen , Zeeën, Rivieren, etc. IGEOGRAPHISCH , POLITISCH, HISTORISCH, | CHRO- NOLOGISCH EN GENEALOGISCH. ] Op een gantfch nieuwe, zeer klaere ordre in 't Franfch | befchreeven, door den Heer | A. PHER. DE LA CROIX , I Aerdryks-Befchryver des Konings van Frankryk, | In de Hoogduitfche Tael overgebraght , met veel' Acnmerkingcn en 1 Verbeteringen , door den geleerden en vermaerden Aftronomus I en Geographus 1 HIERONYMUS DICELIÜS.|Nu vertaeld nae den tweeden Druk ; met veel' acnmerkens waerdige | Byvoegzelen opgehelderd , uit de beroemfte zoo oude als nieuwe ) Aerdryks- en Reisbefchryvingen D 3 by- ( 28 ) bynae een derde j deel vermeerdert door j S. DE VRIES. | Met naau- keurige Landkaarten van den Ileere N. SANSON , en I Afbeeldingen der voornaame Steden verryku \ I DEEL (II DEEL , fill DEEL). I T'AM- STERDAM, I Gedrukt by FRANgOIS HALMA, Boekverkoper, | MD CCV. — 3 vols. 4°. {General Defer iption of the World by A. P h e r. de Ia C r o i x. Fol. I, 2, 3. General Dejcription of the World, after the correct divijton of the countries, places , lakes, rivers etc.; geographical , political, hiftorical y chronological, and genealogical. In a new and clear order. Written in French by A. P h c r. d e I a C r o i X , geographer to the King of France ; tranflated into German with numerous remarks and corrections , by the celebrated ajlronomer and geographer Hierony- mus Diceliusj now tranflated from the fecond edition i illus- trated with numerous important additions from the mofl celebrated old and new Defcriptions of countries and journeys by S. D e Vries. fFith curious maps by N. San f on, and views of the principal towns.") Vol. I 2 titles, XXXII ; 43Ö and LXXX pp. Vol. II 2 » IV; 612 and LXXII pp. Vol. Ill 2 » IV ; 480 and LXXIV pp. V. Ill p. 338 Defcription of New-Netherland. This Defcription is very remarkable by the fact, that it contains the fame ftatement as to the foundation of New-Amfterdam, as was made by S tuy- vefant in his letter to Nicholls in 1664, viz., that the town was founded in 1623. II II. HISTORY. A. WEST INDIA COMPANY. In introducing the Hiftory of the Weft-India-Company into our biblio- graphy, we merely follow the system adopted by the hiftorians who have treated this subject with a knowledge of facts ; viz., Mefs'». 0' C a 1 1 a - ghan, Berg van D u f s e n and B r o d h e a d. While giving materials much more explicit than they , we do not leave the track generally fol- lowed, though indeed we purfuc it fomewhat farther. Should such bold- nefs be thought to require an cxcufe , we believe it will fuffice to fay, and to prove, that it really requires all the rich materials we here offer, and much more ftill that we have not dared to add , in order even to under» ftand that part of the hiftory of the Company which is connected with the hiftory of New-Netbcrland. Was a proof wanting for this asfertion , it would be sufficient limply to compare the laborious and generally appre- ciated works of Mr. B r o d h e a d and of Mr. Berg van Dufsen with the hiftorical fources , in order to show to what errors an imperfect ftudy of the history of the Weft India-Company leads. In fact Mr. Bro d- head, from a certain disdain for this part of the fubject he had to treat, has ended, not only by mistaking the Dutch conftitution , the political life of the country at the commencement of tlie feventeenth century, the reli- gious and political influences which led to colonifation , all that happened on the cftablishment of the Company, and all that afterwards prevented its development and embarrasfed its progrefs , the real caufe of its bad ad- miniftration , — not only has he partly miftaken all thefe, but even what he has learned from the highly correct and learned book of Meyer is fo strongly coloured by his own mistakes , that it cannot fail to lead the reader into error. On reading Mr. Bro dhe ad's book, should we not fuppofe that the political life of Holland in the 17th century was as tranquil internally as it appeared from without T — that the caufes of the impofing acts of this republic correfponded with the greatnefs of their effects ? — that princi- ples fimilar to the advanced ideas of our own times, ideas of equality and of toleration, were in full force there? Yet nothing would be more er- roneous than fuch a fuppofition. And in finding the West India Company , ^ 5 though ( 30 ) tlioiigh propofed in 1591 , only arrive at a precarious existence thirty years later, can we understand from Mr. Brodhead's book wliat was the caufc oT fiich a delay? Neither does he in the least hint that, even after the definitive eftablishment of the Company in 1621 , its exiftence was by no means certain , nor that even two years after , not a third of the nccesfary fnm was infcribed. Does he tell us a word on the details of Willem Ufselinx's plans? On the motives of that extraordinary man in eftablishing an India-Company? On the difference between his ideas and thofe contained in the patent of the Company? On what occafioned his departure from Holland? — Thefe are however but a few of the points that a ftudy of the fources of the hiftory of the Company would have shown him. Nor is Mr. van Dufsen entirely free from the reproach of having paid but too little attention to the fources of this history. He feems to have forgotten that to write even the commencement of a history it is ne- cesfary to have made a profound study of the fubject in its full extent. Indeed we are happy in being able to asfure the learned , that fo far from the materials for this part of history being exhausted, hardly any ufe what- ever has as yet been made of them. Even Mr. Netfcher's very recent work, though well planned, betrays a certain contempt for detail, alto- gether incxcufable in a ferious work. It is one of thofe books of which we take leave , thinking with regret of what the author might have accomplished had he fo willed. This book is however the one which has the best understood the fpirit of the history of the Company ; and though but one fide of the quefdon has been confidered , that fide has been confi- dered with as much ability as knowledge of facts. Mr. N e t f c h e r 's volume, the four volumes of Meyer's Inflitutions Judiciaires , and the History of the Council of Dordrecht by Mr. Chatelain are the best works for commencing this study. Though far from pretending to give here what we have accufed the historians of having omitted , viz., a History of the West India Company, yet we must point out fome prominent features in that history , in order to show what connection there is between it and the books the titles of which . we are about to give. As will be feen in our notes on the refolutions of the States of Hol- land, the question of the existence of the West India Company dates from the year 1606. That is to fay, it arofe about the fame time as the ques- tion of the truce which played fo important a part in the history of the Netherlands. With this latter the question of the Company was intimately connected. And this fact has not efcaped Mr. Berg van Dufsen, whom Mr. Brodhead has followed. Yet neither of thofe gentlemen are ac- ( 31 ) acquainted with the real rcafori which united these two questions, which were apparently fo diiFerent , that the party that oppofed the West India Com- pany , encouraged the Eaft India one ; though , according to the views taken of them by the two above cited authors , there was but little diffe- rence between them. The reafon was as follows. The celebrated Union of Utrecht was a fort of compact of alliance be- tween the fcven provinces which shook of the yoke of Spain, and the Houfe of Orange which was and remained their military chief. The greatnefs of the danger united two parties as oppofed in principle as they were both desirous of abfoiute power. For of all the independant writers who have treated of this question, none have believed that the views of W i 11 i a m the Taciturn, and of alt his fucccsfors, were merely directed towards the dignity of First IMagiftrate of a great Republic, — a new and unheard of dignity , cfpecially for a princely family of Germany , — but that they rather aimed at the crown. On the other hand , the Municipal Councils , who alone were reprefented in the Provincial States , endeavoured alfo to free themfelves from all government, and to enjoy an abfoiute authority over their fubjects. As long as the war was necefsary to give enough glory to the one , enough strength to the other , fo long all went well. But under the able and energetic rule of Oldenbar nevelt, who, like a man of genius, understood the vital principle of Holland, the Municipali- ties progrefsed fo rapidly in ^he direction the history of their country had long struck into, that their fuccefs began to give umbrage to Maurice of Nafsau, the Great Captain, who by eminent military actions thought himself able to gain the crown. He was imprudent enough to show fome marks of disappointment which put Oldenbar nevelt upon his guard, and from that moment the latter took as much trouble to free Holland from the Houfe of Orange as from the Spanish yoke. Befides thefe two afpirants for political defpotism , there was still ano- ther one for religious defpotifm , — the clergy of the national church. The right of co-optation (i. c. the right of themfelves electing their new mem- bers) , which they profefsed with ardour , went far to free them from the infpection and influence of the Municipal Councils. The latter pretended it was against established rights ; but no way alarmed , the clergy tran- quilly purfued their way and advanced more and more towards their purpofc. At the commencement of the 17th cent, there arofe theological difputes in the ancient Univerlity of Leiden , refpecting predeftination and fimilar questions. A r m 1 n i u s , professor in that univerOty , like fo many be> fore and after him, had undertaken the difficult task of justifying before the C 32 ) the tribunal of human reafon , the doctrine of the condemnation of finners predeftined to evil. Though in fact coming to the fame refult to which all fuch refearches must arrive , to the belief in two entirely oppofed principles, but without which the Divine nature appears imperfect, the form adopted by the learned Profefsor mantled the facts and the logical conclufions to be drawn from them to fuch a degree, so as to grant a pretty complete repofe of confcience to a great number of perfons , who defired nothing better than to be freed from their fcruples by fome great authority. Though of all thefe movements the religious doctrines of Arminius alone have remained , it is certainly not to them he owes his great repu- tation ; he is rather indebted for it to what he profefsed regarding the authority of the magistracy in clerical matters. Either from conviction or calculation, he publicly taught that the ministers of the church ought to be dependant on the civil authority. The Municipalities did not fail to catch at the cleverly thrown bait , and in fact the protection of the new opinions was the bell means to free themfelves from the pretentions of the established clergy. Most of the magistrates therefore became Ar- minians. The principal and most zealous defender of the established church was Gomar, one of the numerous emigrants from the fouth provinces which did not shake of the Spanish yoke. This man , of a proud character , and whofe religious fanaticifm would better have fuited him for the Middle Ages than for his own times , was the moft zealous profefsor of the reli- gious doctrines of the established church and of its principles of eccle- fiaftical polity. His party was principally compofed of emigrant Braban- tcrs and Walloons , and of thofe who for fome reafon or other had an interest in oppofing the party of the Municipalities. Among thefe Belgian emigrants were almost all the great advocates of the commerce with, and colonifation in the West. Usfelincx the greatest of all , then Plau- nius, Moucheron, De Laet, Samuel Godyn and many other remarkable men. It is cafy to understand that it was in their intereft to favour thefe enterprises. As we have fevcral times mentioned in the courfe of our work , Mr. Netfcher has clearly proved that the principal purpofe of the West India Company was not to carry on trade. They talked of nothing but de- priving the Spaniards of their principal fupport , and of making themfelves masters of the riches of Peru and of Mexico. Though Usfelincx feems to have thought differently when he established the Swedish Com- pany , his first ideas certainly took that direction. The West India Com- pany was therefore essentially a warlike company, and for fuch a company to ( 33 ) to be able to exifl: the war with Spain was nccefsary. The great Olden- barnevelt however faw perfectly well , that by making war they could not dispenfe with the command of the Princes of Orange , and that by granting them a perpetual command they expofed to incefsant danger the plans of the Municipalities and that which was in fact the only natural conftitution of Holland. And as on their side the Princes of Orange en- deavoured to render the country great by war, Oldenbarnevelt en- deavoured to aggrandife it, to enrich it, to render it more powerful with- out war, — fo powerful indeed that no one dared to attack it. But the natural confequence of a war obftinately perfifted in, if it did not induce the ruin of Holland , would moft certainly bring about that of Spain. And this was the more natural as every thing tended towards fuch a refult. If driven to the last extremity, Spain would of course either entirely give up all pretenfions to the government of the Low Countries , or would grant entire liberty of confcience and return to the emigrants their pro- perty. If, on the contrary, peace continued, the fltuation of the emi- grants was far from enviable ; for the first Principle of the Dutch Com- munities was to exclude all Strangers from every employ , and to concen- trate all public offices in a few Patrician houfes of the old (lock. Strangers were therefore regarded with an evil eye. Walloons and Brabanters, were always fpoken of with a certain disdain which betrayed as much hatred as contempt. Deprived therefore of the greater part of their property , the Belgians were alfo relegated for ever to the fecond rank, — a pofitionfar from pleafing to the ambitions and fiery men in which that nation has always abounded. Such then were the motives which infpired the Goma- rian party, that is to fay the party of the Old Clergy and of the Emigrants, to wish for a war which would render the abfolute government of the Magiftrates impofsible , and fubmit all to the authority of the Prince of Orange. This was alfo the reafon why Oldenbarnevelt and his party , that is to fay the Arminians, (Oldenbarnevelt himfelf was indifferent in Religious matters), defired a truce. The Arminian party gained the day , and a truce was figned. This event put an end to all hope of found- ing the Well India Company, nor was it fpoken of any more for a long time. Meanwhile a number of Companies were formed the one after the other , trading to Guinea , to the (Iraits of Magellan , to New-Nctherland. Then a great number of vefsels , more than a hundred a year, made the voyage to the Salt Iflands and to the Spanish Weft Indies to fetch the fait necefsary for curing herrings. When however the city of Amfterdam had become unfaithful to the caufe it was her interefl to follow, Goiiarian- ism once more raifed its head. The Prince of Orange , who till then had E not C 34 ) not declared himfelf as to the party he would take , now believed him- felf fure enough of fucccfs to dare join the one which fought the common enemy. It was in 1617 that the revolution, prepared in filence , began to march rapidly towards its term. It was in 1617 that the queftion of the Weft India Company was once more the order of the day. The Prince of Orange and his zealous partizan Frangois Franken, fupported it with all their influence. Public atfennon was for some time drawn off from the Company by the religious queftions carried on by the two parties in the fight of all Eu- rope , and the Company only revived after the glorious coups di'itat of Maurice of Orange, the strange fcenes and the finale of the great melodrama , the affecting death ofOldenbarnevelt. Nor did it revive with that vehemence which generally characterifes the interest taken in political life in Holland. And from 160S to 1621 , all that is to be found in the writings of that period on the projects of the West India Company, may be comprifed in two pages of print. There are a few short notices and that is all. Here and there however thy speak of the trade with Ame- rica , of the conquest of the country and of the great riches which would enfue ,• these are however but isolated sentences. In 1621 the queftion of the Company was the order of the day , but under another form. The patent granted in 1602 to the East India Com- pany was about to expire. On the difsolution or continuation of that Company and on its new patent arofe disputes, in which, without always speaking of the Weft India Company, it was not forgotten but frequently mentioned. The "Bewinthebbers" of the East India Company, almost without any exception, were members of the Municipal Councils and the whole of the adminiftration was in the hands of the party of 1 d e n b a r n e v e 1 1, to which the Company owed its origin. This party which could almost entirely command the states of Holland and for a long time the States General too, had the whole of the control over this fame administration, in its triple quality of Municipal Council, Provincial States, and States General. It is not astonishing therefore that the adminiftration was regulated more to the advantage of the Directors than to that of the Shareholders. This went well enough for a time , but .when they began to fpeak feriously of the West India Company, the party which had propofed it, having the greateft pofsible interest in not letting the administration fall into the hands of the Municipal Councils , cftablished a principle , which , while it diminished the influence of the directors on the new Company , at the fame time showed what was bad in the direction of the other. This prin- ciple , constantly rejected by the other Company, was that of a great in- fill- C 35 ) fluencc of tho shareholders on the tranfactious, regular auditing of accounts and an infpection which would render peculation impofsible. Thefe were fo many reproaches addrefscd to the East India Company, fo many blows against the party it reprefented. Thefe tactics therefore had a double ef- fect , ~ that of moving public opinion on the subject of the East India Company, and at the fame time of decreafing the inducements to the Mu- nicipal party of seizing the direction of the new Company , their interest in it being much weakened by their being deprived of great chances of gain. But the Ease India Company was too powerful to be insulted with impunity. In the Municipal Councils, in the Provincial States and in the States General, it did its utmost to crush the new Company and its new principles. The impulfe imparted to political matters by the revolution of i6i8 had however not yet ceafcd. On the contrary the renewal of hoftili- ties , the repeated refolutions taken in the States of Holland against thofe wlio dared to reclaim anything for the family of O 1 d e n b a r n e v e 1 1 , all this , while it showed the power ftill pofsefsed by the vanquished party, showed alfo and above all that of the dominant one. This was how it was that in the new ftruggle, blow and counter blow followed each other with terrible rapidity, and that neither of the parties came out either entirely conquering or entirely conquered. The Oldcbarnevelt party, after undergoing many dangers, obtained the prefcrvation of all its privileges , the right of refusing any p-ublicity in the accounts , whilst the new Com- pany obtained the right of existence. Thus this struggle, fruitlcfs as it appeared for the two adverfaries , is of great importance to us, for in the warmth of the attack and of the reply, of reproach and retort, they reveal to us the most important fecrets. Thus in the pamphlets of the years r62i to 1623 we learn the contempt of the old Company for the new one , becaufe the latter was conducted by r.rabanters and Walloons; the fact that the East India Company was almost entirely compofed of men belong- ing to the Municipal Councils, the infolcnt manner in which the Directors of the old Company robbed the shareholders, the intrigues practifed to continue fo deplorable a state of affairs, the fears infpircd by the new form of the West India Company , and above and before all the plans pro- pofed by both parties for prefiding at the establishment of the new Com- pany. The most light is thrown on thefe queftions by the publications which appeared under the pseudonym of one who appears to have been a leader of the Gomarian party, and who takes the name of " Ymant A d a m s z," One of thefe pamphlets even goes fo far as to give, in ten distinct points, the plan propofed by that party which we may call the Ufselincx party, for all that we find propofed in the ^^ Laugh-verwachten E 2 Don- ( 36 ) Donder/lach" the pamphlet here alluded to is alfo to, be found in the volu- minous works of Ufselincx which have come down to us, though no where given with fo muchclearnefs and precision. During the whole of this period two questions particularly occupied all minds i were the Guinea trade and the fait trade to be integral parts of the patent of the Company Ï The pro and con had been more than once decided from the pofition taken up by the parties. At last in 1621 the pro gained the day. But as much on account of the doubts on thefe fub- jects as by the dangers offered by the irrefponCble adminiftration of the other Company , and by the reGstance of that Company itfelf, they had not been able to collect a sufficient capital before having twice declared the list of fubfcribers to be definitively clofed, and thus compromifed the credit of the Company. In 1622 the provifional existence of the Company became a permanent one , and this once accomplished, the literature entirely changed its tone. Among the feeble echoes of the preceding disputes are mixed up apologetic writings recommending the new Company to the benevolence of the pa- triot and proving all the utility of this new road to profperity. Towards the end of the period the publications take a more determined character The fole affair is now the war with Brazil. As the publications relating to the disputes between the two companies , and of which vol. 77 of Thyfiana contains a very fine collection, we have only admitted the principal ones into our bibliography. A ftill fmaller number has been admitted of those especially relating to Brazil. In (tudying them well however we shall not lofe the thread of the hiftory of the Company. Most of the documents mentioned in this part of our work , have alfo been used in the work of Mr. Netscher, in whose hiftory the reader will find the refults indicated in a very fuperior manner. We shall therefore not speak of the conquest of Bahia , of the loss of that conquest, of the disasters which enfued , nor yet of the other expeditions which oc- cupied the years from 1623 to 1629. Two publications of this period how- ever merit a feparate mention. They relate to the religious disputes of the city of Amfterdam and show that in 1628 the pofition of parties had changed but little fince 1619. The pamphlets of the years 1629 to 1631 , though very numerous, only treat on three queftions: The conqueft of the Silver Fleet, the new conqueft of Brazil and the peace with Spain. As for the two first queftions, they have been almoft exhaufted by Mefsrs. O'Callaghan, Brodhead and above all by Mr. Netscher} the laft on the contrary, like every thing ( 37 ) thing else relating to the internal affairs of the country, demands inveftiga- tions too minute to be a favourite subject for an author. The next six years produced but a fmall number of pamphlets. They are fomewhat like newspaper articles on queftions of no very exciting intereft , following one another in an indeterminate order and without any connection the one with the other. In 1637 the Company clofed the com- merce with Brazil, which it had opened to every one under condition of a tax on all racrchandife thus tranfported. This meafure drew down the mofl violent reproaches on the Company , and gave rife to fome literary conflicts of no very great importance. From 1639 to 1641 we only find reports on the combats between the Spaniards and the Dutch ; combats which were however almoft fuspended in 1641 , after Portugal, fupported by Holland , had reconquered her inde- pendancc and retaken her colonial pofsefsions. The pamphlets of the years 1641 and 1642 are either official documents, or elfe publications relating to the new connection between Portugal and the Company. Several works, of a fpecial intereft for the Hiftory of Brazil , are all that we find of the year 1643. From 1644 to 1646 arofe disputes on the queftion : Should or should not the two Companies be united? The patents of the two Companies granted at the fame time and for an equal period were to expire in 1Ö4S. That party which had alwaj's fupported the Weft India Company, wished to force the other Company to unite with it; for the affairs of the one were as flourishing as thofe of the other were ruinous — for the Ample reafon that the Weft India Company had borne all the blows and the East India Company had reaped all the advantages of the war with Spain. The States General alfo, not being able to induce the party which had retaken the reins of government to fulfil the engagements undertaken by the State towards the Company , would have been well pleafed to settle their debt by discharging it on the Eaft India Company. But this Company, which had never had any sympathy for her sifter afsociation , took care not to grant her an afsistance which would have prevented a bankruptcy ; and notwithstanding the efforts by which our company was fupported , she had a difficulty in obtaining the condition that the Eaft India Company should pay her 1,500,000 florins for the renewal of the patent. This fum fervcd to discharge a portion of the debt of the State towards the Company. Such then was the solution of a difpute which produced almoft as many books and pamphlets as that on the first patent. It is of course to be un- derstood that thefe numerous publications contain many very curious dc- E 3 tails ( 38 ) tails on the internal administration of the two companies, on the profits of their trade, the expenfes of their armaments, their finances etc. , which we cannot even point out here. With the year 1645 begins the voluminous literature on the treafon ol" the Portuguese in Brazil , of which we have endeavoured to give an idea in our efsay on the authorship of the Breeden Raedt , to which we refer the reader. We must however here cite this very characteriftic fact , that the book which opens this dispute , viz. , the Aenfpraeck van den Getrou- wen Hollander , as we are informed by a note of that time in a copy of the work in the Duncania, is the production of the well known Th. Graswinkel, who figures in the literary hiftory of this time as the author of apologies in favour of the States of Holland, that is to fay of the central power of the Armenian faction. This shows that the Brazilian affairs , at least at first , were regarded as touching all Holland very nearly, and not merely as a matter only affecting the Weft India Company. Under the years 1647 and 1648 we have added some pamphlets relating to the negociations of Munster. We are far from pretending that our lift of important documents for the West India Comp. arc here as complete as could be wished. But the study of this part of the History of Europe is so difficult as to have frightened all our great historians , for , in order to make the necefsary choice , it is requisite to read several hundreds of pamphlets. From 1Ó50 to 165s our literature is almost wholly occupied with Rrazil. We find propofals of ambafsadors on the subject, reports more and more alarming sent home from that country, and at last the final throes of the Dutch domination. Two efsays on the Company in general follow, but which in reality only treat of the Brazilian affair. Of the years 1656, 1Ö59 ^^<^ 1660, bcfides the already cited writings of Otto Keye, Ferlieerlikte Zeevaert etc., we find several pamphlets relating to the colony of Bait ha far Gerbier, from the pen of that inte- resting man himfelf. The hiftory of this unfortunate chevalier would form the fubject for a highly attractive novel for the pen of fome American lady. By turns a diplomatist, a tutor to princes, or coloniser, he plays a fecondary part in the history of England , France , Holland and Guyana. His portrait is to be found in several of our pamphlets. From 1659 to 1663 we find a certain number of pamphlets relative to the negociations and to the war with Portugal; which terminated by the compenfation of 8 millions of Florins for the lofs of Brazil, payable in fugar. With this question is connected the interesting trial of S c h a 1 e n b r g h, a ( 39 ) a member of the States General. From the documents which have come down to us we fee that the ancient feparation of the parties, as it existed in 1619 ftill continued. It is (till Holland, Overyfsel and Utrecht which destroy the last hope of the West India Company , it is always Zealand , Gueldres and Gronirgen which fupport it. And here, as always, the party of the Municipalities is reprefented by the former, that of the Prince of Orange by the later Provinces. The last years of the period of the West India Company in so far as they regard our work , are occupied with disputes with England , Denmark and Sweden on petty wrongs, but such as the high diplomacy always takes care to protract as much as poffible , in order, as intcreft requires, to make them questions of peace or war. Such was above all the ques- tion relative to fome insignificant English vefscls feized in the Indies, and on which an incredible number of words were lost, till after a bloody war the queftion of compcnfation was decided by the treaty of Breda. The quarrels with Denmark and Sweden, though some what limilar, are of a still inferior order , and only concern things of the third rank. Two matters however , the one very interesting the other of a ferious historical importance , belong to this period. Thefe are the trial of G. Coy mans and the attack of the English on the Dutch pofsefsions com- manded by Governor V a lekenburg h. Africa was the theatre on which thefe two events took place. Coymans was accufed , whether justly or unjustly we do not know , of wishing to fell the Gold Coast to the Danes; — certain it is he was condemned. OfValckenburghwe will fpeak in our Esfay on the political negociations. We terminate this introduction by a few words on the Klachte der IVest-Indifche Compagnie , one of the most interesting pamphlets that has come down to us, in which the reciprocal pofition of the East and West India Companies are marked with great precifion. It says that the Dutch government, in which the directors of the East India Company fill the most important places , will feel thankful to England for having disembarrafsed it of the rival Com- pany , which is not reprefented in the goverments , and that this explains all the transactions between England and Holland. I. SOURCES FOR THE GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COMPANY. 2I.RES0LUT1EN van de Staten van HOLLAND en WEST VRIESLAND van het jaar 1524 tot het jaar 1795. 277 vols. ƒ»/. The first volume is entitled: REGISTER I gehouden by Meefter | AERT van der GOES, 1 Advocat van de Staten 'j Landts van \ HOLLANDT, | Van alle die Dachuaerden by defelve | Staten gehouden , mitfgaders die Refolutien , | Propofi- tien , ende andere Gebefongneerden ( in de voirfz. Dachvaerden ge- daen. | Beginnende den leften January 1524. , 7? «7o curiae \ IJollandiae. Ende eyndende den 28. Decembris anno 1543« The following only: REGISTER I \^AN I HOLLAND | en | WEST- VRIESLAND , | Van den jaare . . . . | GENERAALE ! INDEX | op de ] REGISTERS | der [ RESOLUTIEN I van DE I HEEREN STAATEN | van | HOLLAND | en \ WEST- VRIESLAND , | Beginnende met den jaare 1524 en hopende dit eerfte \ Deel tot den jaare 1579. incluis. I Gedrukt in het jaar 1772. — 1524— 1790. 18 vols. fol. SECRETE I RESOLUTIEN | Van de Edele Groot Mog. | Heeren Staten van Hollandt | ende Weft-Vrieflandt. | Beginnende met den jare 1653. | ende eyndigende met den | jare 1658 | Eerste Deel —1653 tot 1793. 17 vols. /o/. GENERAALE | INDEX | op de elf gedrukte deelen | der secreete | RESOLUTIEN 1 van de | HEEREN STAATEN | van | HOLLAND en WEST- VRIESLAND , | Beginnende met den jaare 1653 «« | eindigende met den jaare 1751 beide incluis. | A— N. | Gedrulit in het jaar 1758.— A— Z. 2 vol. fol. {Refolutions of the States of Holland and fFest-Vriesland from 1524 to 1795 » General Index to the same ; Secret Refolutions of the same States ; Index to the Secret Refolutions.'^ " This collection is entirely complete and not to be had at the Govern- ment printing office." (Note to the Catalogue of Looy and Van Spaan published in 1803.) For history in general and for that o£ the W. I. Comp. in particular, the refolutions of the ftates of Holland have the double importance of being at the fame time the registers of the archives of thefe States , from 1621 to ( 41 ) to 1789, according to Mr. Noordziek, and to form in themfelves an his- torical authority of the first importance ; — many of the deliberations of the States of Holland have in fact left no other trace in history than what is to be found in the brief notices of our collection. It is this which renders what we possess fo much the more precious, while at the fame time we regret the want of more explicit documents. Though to learn this fact we have addrcfsed fome questions to the learned archivists at the Hague, it is to be understood that our researches in the archives went no farther , since it enters into neither the duty nor the purpofe of a Catalogue writer, to exhaust the hiftorical fources he discovers, and which he has only to point out to the learned researches of hiftorians. It is fimply this which we are about to do in the following extracts, to show all thofe who arc employed in this ftudy that the Refolutions are an his- torical source of the first importance for the Hiftory of the West India Company , and that Mefs^s . Brodhead and N e t s c h e r were wrong in appreciating them fo little. Indeed, befidcs the varied information contained in the Refolutions with regard to the Company, they touch upon and explain a great many points on which thefe two writers have in vain made laborious researches. Thus Mr. B rod head has known nothing very exactly about the history of the first project of the Company from 1606 to 1609 , and from 1618 to 1621 , nothing about the fmaller companies which were then engaged in trade with Guinea and America, about what really prevented the definitive conftitu- tion of the Company from 1620 to 1621 , about William Ufselincx, about the connection between the company and the country , about the influence of the Dutch conftitution and of the political parties on the Company, — yet all thefe points are, either entirely or in part, cleared up by the documents of this collection. On many other points which have been examined with much care by Mr: Nctscher, thefe refolutions throw ftill more light; but their principal importance consifts in their pointing out the real caufe of the decline of the company. In order to underfland well the few words we are about to give as a fummary indication of the contents of the Refolutions , fome explanation of what thefe refolutions reprefent is abfolutely necefsary. By a very slight error one might eafiiy confound the States of Holland with the States General ; yet there is in fact nothing more different than the two. The vStatcs General reprefent the union of the Seven Provinces , wrongly called Holland by foreigners, and the name of which is "Unie van de Zeven Ncdcrlandfche Provinciën," (Union of the Seven Provinces, F or ( 41 ) or The Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands). The afsenibly of Hol- land and West Friesland therefore does not reprefent the Seven Provinces, but only the most important one, together with "West Friesland," formerly a part of another smaller one. Thus even in principle the difference is as great as between the reprefentation of, for inftance, the State of New York and the National Reprefentation of Washington; in fact it is much greater ftill. To show all this diff'erence we will add a few words of explanation and commentary to the notes Mr. Brodhead has given pp. 251—253 of his history , and which are so far from fatisfactory, that Mr. Brodhead himfelf proves in many pafsagcs of his history, that he has no clear idea of the Dutch conftitution. Sprung up amid the troubles of the middle ages , under very peculiar circumftances , as shown with vast talent by Mr, Meyer in the intro- duction to his ^'- Iiiftitutions judiciaires" vol. IV, the Seven Provinces, and above all Holland , in the middle of the 171!» century showed the higheft development of the " community" fyftem in all its advantages and all its defects. The councils governing the towns were abfolute masters of them. By the principle of co-optation which they had succeeded in eftablishing after many ftruggles, the magistrates were so certain of maintaining in their families all the places of which the city could dispofe , that every member of a patrician family counted upon it , in the fame way as the eldest son of a German profefsor of the iStt cent, counted upon the here- ditary profefsorship. It was thefe town councils which were reprefented in the dates of the provinces. The deputies they sent there had indeed neither among themfelves nor towards their " principals" (/>r/«c/p«/e«) any other connection than that which diplomatic envoys have among each other. They could decide on nothing of themfelves; they had only to hear what fubjects were to be deliberated on , and to communicate them to their principals, to receive particular inftructions on every particular affair, and then with their colleagues, who were fimilarly charged, to arrive at a conclufion , as much as posflbl.e in the interest of thofe they reprefented. By its principles therefore the afsembly of the States refem- bled much more the great congrefses of Vienna, of Verona orof Munfter, than the parliament of England. And the logical confequence of this fyftem was Amply , that there were no decifions of majority , but that the minority could not by any legal means be obliged to renounce a refufal or a difsent. The vote of the majority or of the minority had no other influence , than on the reports addrefsed to the generality , that is to fay ■ to the afsembly of the States General. In (43 ) In this fingulnr conftitution the large communities went fo far as to de- stroy the influence of the fnialler ones, which were lost among the names of their more powerful rivals. Thus in the afsembly of the States of Holland there were but i8 votes of the communities, the 19A , ftrangely enough, was that of all the nobility united ; — the clergy had no vote whatever. The States General were nearly in the fame pofition with regard to the Provincial States , as the latter were to the towns. Here , as there , abfo- lute dependance on the will of their principals , a distinct exiflence of the minority and of the majority. What is the most remarkable of all is, that even in its relations with foreign countries, and in queftions of peace and war, this dispofition was mantained. We see the ambafsadors appear be- fore the Provincial States , we see the war with Portugal and the peace with Denmark sent from the States General to the States of Holland , and by thefe again to the cities, and thus turned and returned, fcnt and refent for more than two years. This fyftem , repugnant as it is to the ideas and above all to the science of the prefent day, which endeavours in vain to correct without destroying it , this fyftera we fay has been the caufe of all the grandeur and all the narrow-mindednefs of the Netherlands ; it is in fact Netherland itfelf. Admirable for having produced independance and development in the cities, it is, in certain points of view, feeble in the extreme. If for inftance a question arose, in >vhich, from the nature of things, the line of conduct the country ought to follow was not fo clearly marked out as in the war with Spain and every thing in connection with it , the interminable discussions which enfued might bring the country into danger, or at least place it at a great disadvantage. Then again, almost all the actions of the country boic the stamp of the narrow-mindednefs which especially marks the fpirit of the communities. This double effect made itfelf felt with frightful force in the history of the West India Company, As we have said in our note on the Breeden Raedt , the Company was not fo much a Subject as an ally State. By the 41^1 article of the patent, the latter engages to indemnify it for all expcnfes made for the security of the state. The Company, from the very first, took its measures on the foot prescri- bed by this arrangement , and its succefses were equal to its efforts and to its sacrifices. But when , according to the arrangements taken , it de- manded the promised compensation , the fuccours of the ftate , that is to fay of the different communities , only arrived fo tardily and were at the fame time fo incomplete , that they only had the effect of causing new engagements to be contracted on new hopes , — hopes that were always F 2 doom- (44 ) doomed to be disappointed; — such was the inevitable efFect of the fyftem. As long as the tradesmen and merchants who compofed the town councils did not feci the influence of the decline of the company, their given word could not decide them to take any fteps ; and even if fevera.l cities, more forcibly ftruck by the consequences of the weaknefs of the Company , were well dispofed, the reliftance of a Angle municipal council could long arrest the influence; unanimous decisions were therefore always desirable and desired where decisions by majority were of fo little value. And if one considers (as is natural in fuch a Hate of afi'airs^ that cor- ruption played a great part in these deliberations and decisions, we shall be able to underftand many facts otherwise incomprehensible. Let us add a few words on the power of the Prince of Orange and of the Council of State. When, after long debates, they could not arrive at unanimity, the matter was referred to the Prince of Orange, who, without having the power to decide, frequently succeeded in inducing the refractory parties to conform to the general wish. In a fimilar way the Council of State had the initiative. It addrefsedto the provincial afsemblies petitions, the only authority of which was merely a moral one. In the analyse we are about to give, we will follow the arrangement of the chapters in Mr. Brodhead, not in order to show that author's very excusable imperfections , but to have some point of fupport. On the other hand it will be fcen by the abridgement we are about to give, that the great majority of the Resolutions arc entirely foreign to the fubjects treated by Mr, Brodhead; and that we can hardly excuse our boldnefs in introducing that book here but in the hope that the hiftory of New Netherland has not been written for the last time ; and that to make it more clearly under- ftood , fome future author may treat it in connection with the entire hiftory of the Weft India Company, And for fuch an author our book would be more indispensable than De Vries and Wassenacr. In every case we believe that the recital, even abridged as ours is, cspetially of the memorable years from 1647 to 1653 > will not be without throwing fome light on the history of New Netherland, Brodhead, Ch. I. 1492—1609. This chapter especially will be considerably cleared up and explained by the Resolutions. For though Mr, Brodhead has given a hiftory, as exact as it is concise , of the firft attempts at colonisation in North Ame- rica , his book contains but little on the voyages to thi; North which oc- (45 ) occasioned the voyage of Hudson , and ftill lefs on the first history of the West India Company. 1S94. May lo. A Company demands the protection of the state in its enterprise " to go to China behind Norway." The states refer the matter to a commifsion. May II. Report of the commifsion. The proposal is agreed to ; inftruc- tions are given to skippers ; efficacious afsistance is promifed , and hopes are given to De Mouc heron, the chief of the enterprise , of a good reward if he succeeds. May 17. A fpecial and detailed act of the States by which they enter into a contract with Dc Moucheron, who engages to furnish a fourth part of the cxpenfcs of the expedition. This act occupies more than a page. On all this B r o d h e ad is very vague (fee B r o d h e a d p. 22), he does not feem to know whether the States of Holland took any share in this enter- prise or not. He is also guilty of a fmall inexactitude in calling the great Fle- mish merchant "Moucheron," his real name was D e Moucheron. Dec. 29. 72 pounds Dutch money will be given to Mr. Spineler, for his fervices in the expedition to the North. 159^. Of the year 1595 there are refolutions of May the i, 5, 11, IS ; of June the 7 , 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 bis , 16 quater , 17 , 20 bis , on the voyages to the North ; thefe refolutions embrace nearly 15 pages of our collection. Apart they have only an intereft of detail, but together they are of a great hiflorical importance. 1596. We again find fome resolutions of March the i , 12, 13, 19; of the 2Ö d° bis, and of April 11, all relating to the voyages to the North. All this active participation of the Provincial Government of Hol- land in the fruitlefs efforts of the voyages to the North, has escaped the attention of Mr. Brodhead, who attributes all the merit of them to Balthazar (d e) Moucheron, an eminent man no doubt, but yet one whose importance we mud not exaggerate. 1597. Dec. 23. We here fee that it is of the *' patronage" of J. C. L e y e n , of which Mr. Brodhead fpeaks p. 21. He was granted eight cannons with ammunition for his voyage to Guiana in Peru. 1598. Jan. 21. We here find another American Company of Olivier van Oort (is not this the fame with Olivier van Noort?) and Jacob Klaesz, demanding ammunition for their voyage through the straits of Magellan. 1601. May IS. Some merchants demand a patent for a trading monopoly to Guinea , after having discovered gold and filver mines there. 1602. Fcbr. 27. D i r k V a n P urm e r 1 a n d arrives from America. F 3 1606. ( 46) 1606. July 27, They think feriously of a Weft India Company. Eodem die: The complete plan of the new Weft India Company, pre- ceded by an introduction in which it is faid : I.) That the States approve the propofed plan. a.) The names of the delegates nominated from among the members of the afsembly , to examine this queftion once more and to make acco- modations with the different confiderablc cities. Among the deputies is Jan Huygcn van Linschoten. The plan is almoft the fame as that given under the date of 1607 by Mr. Brodhead (p. 23—24). The entire document occupies nearly a page. Eodem die, Francois Vranck, member of the high Council, nomi- nated fpecial commifsioner of the States to conduct the affair to a good end. Eodem die. The commifsioners nominated are charged to advance the affair , and to bring it to a termination during the months of July and August of this year. Aug. 24. The States demand the report of the commifsioners. Eodem die. Fr. Vranck, reads his report, in which he makes known that many of the merchants are well disposed for the company , but that they prefer waiting till the States General have decided on the patent. Nov. I. The draught patent (<-oe;ro3') is presented to the afsembly of the States, and commifsioners are nominated charged to communicate each with the city he reprefents , to hear the opinion of their co-citizens and ask their afsiftance. Nov. 17. Company of Guiana. » 21. Many little difficulties oppose the formation of the company; every one wishes to fecure his ancient advantages from being diminished by the new enterprife. Many cities above all demand free trade in fait. This important document occupies nearly a page. 1607. Jan. 9. The project having pafsed by majority" of voices , not- withftanding the oppoGtion , the States beg those who are not fatisfied with this refolution , to come to an accomodation , fo that the good cause may not fuffer. Feb. 15. Fr. Vranck is fent to a council to be held with the bur- gomafters of Enkhuisen and of Hoorn ; these cities had declared themselves inclined to an amicable arrangement. March 6. Notwithftanding the almost unanimous consent , some cities ftill persist in their opposition. May I. The fame difficulties repeated. 1607. July 17. The cities will not cede; the patent remains in abeyance. 1608. (47 ) 1608, New attempts to terminate the difficulties ; it is above all the truce with the king of Spain which here comes into consideration. Here then is a whole hiftory of these first attempts to form a West India Company; and which no historian has as yet touched upon. Never- thelefs the fact of the existence of a whole literature of'the trade to the West Indies , ftanding in connection with the queftion of a truce with the King of Spain , is, without that, almost inexplicable. In reality histo- rians have not been aware of the existence of this literature, which, together with the three pamphlets of Ufselincx, embraces more than a score of pieces, fome of them of an immense value and which have almost all been collected in the Nederlandfche Byekorf (fee , writings of U f s e 1 in ex). B r o d h e a d , Ch. II. 1609 — 1614. On account of fome reason we cannot explain, we pofsefs no registers of the refolutions of the States from 1613 to 1616. All that remains to us of thefe years is but the very fuccinct abridgement of the resolu- tions of the afsembly of " Edelen en Steden ," joined to those of the States of Holland ; thus we have of all these years but two or three refo- lutions relative to the West India Comp. 1611. Aug. 25. They were to endeavour to unite the different compa- nies trading to Guiana. Eodem die. Patent for five years granted to feveral merchants to make use of a new way by sea not before discovered. Sep. 7. Report of feveral merchants and inhabitants on a new way by fea recently discovered. (Do these two accounts relate to the expeditions of Hudson? Though not very probable it is however pofsible.) 1612, Guiana Company. Resolutions of Oct. 15; Nov. 2; Dec. 6, 14, 19, 21 » 31. 1615. Jan. Resol. on the Navigation of the ftraits of Magellan. Jan. » » » » to Nova Zembla, David's Strait, Spitsbergen and Greenland. 1614. March. Resol. that those who have discovered new countries and new navigations should have the right of making four voyages thither; — to be presented to the States General, July. Commifsion of merchants , complaining of the Company trading to Africa and America, Aug. 25. This important piece informs us: I.) The reafon why it has as yet been imposfible to form a Company, a,) That the i«' of May 1615 is the term appointed for clofing the lifts of ( 48 ) of fubscription , which however would not amount to more than from 4 to 6 millions of florins. This piece alfo contains other historical materials which ic would occupy too much fpace to enumerate here. The meafufcs of which we here find the traces can hardly apply to any but the Block Company, for it would be very extraordinary, that, if fuch was not the case, there fhould be no mention of the Block Company in the refolutions of the States of Holland , and that , without any caufe , the Company fhould have been so slow in prefenting itlelf before the States General. The two documents of which we fpeak fall exactly in the period which elapfed between the arrival of Block and the prefentation of the Com- pany at the Binnenhof, described with fo much detail by B rod he ad, p. 60—61. And this fuppofltion becomes almofl: certainty by the fact shown by feveral of the Refolutions of the States of Holland , and especially of the 27th of July 1606, that it was cuftomary to addrefs fuch petitions to the States of Holland before prefenting them to the States General. Unfortunately neither of thefe refolutions are detailed enough to admit an exact comparifon with the documents collected by Brodhead, and from what we have been afsured at the archive office at the Hague , the States of Holland did not commence preferving their papers regularly till 1650. The whole of this interesting question however might be cleared up by researches made in the archives of the cities which were all in continual correspondancc with the States of Holland. This research how- ever is much too difficult to fall within the compafs of a Catalogue writer. Brodhead, Ch. HI. 161S - 1620. 1618. Sept. 18. The States are once more occupied with the Weft India Company; they nominate delegates and give William Usfelincx "perfonal furety'' for three months , in order to be able to profit by his advice. Oct. 23. A curious piece, which shows us that the States of Holland only treat the matter of the Weft India Comp. , with extreme repugnance ; they however permit Usfelincx to go to the Hague to give his advice. Auftralia Company. Refol. of Feb. 13 and Aug. 10. Commerce of Green» land, Refol. of Nov. 7, 6, 21. 1619. West India Comp. Refol. of March 17; July 2, 19; Dec. 17 and 18. At the commencement of this year there were two draught-patents op- posed to each other; on their being fubmitted to the examination of the deputies of the cities, the latter united the two and made up a third, which they afterwards fubmitted to the examination of the iingle towns. During this ( 49 3 this time W. Ufselincx feems to have been occupied in preparing a fourth draught. But tired of the anterior details , the States resolved not to consider the proposition of Ufselincx in full council, but to send copies to the cities which should require it. Then on the i8 of Dec. they fent deputies to the States General to demand the acceptation of the pa- tent prepared by the States of Holland; which had for limit the Cape of Good Hope , and left the fait trade free , with the afsurance for the city of Amfterdam and other parties interefted , that the commerce with Guinea would remain to them in case they should not be able to succeed in form- ing a Weft India Company. 1619. Auftral. Comp. Refol. Jan. 24. Grecnl. » » March 21. Ch. IV 1620. 1620. In this year we find refolutions of March 7, 12, 18, 20; of Aug. 14,' Sept. 19; Oct. 13; Nov. 6; Dec. 4, 18, 19. C1620.) During this year feveral important queftions were examined and resolved; others remained undecided. The provinces of Friesland and Gronin- gen demanded Chambers of Direction for the Weft India Comp. After having long refused the demand of Friesland it is at last granted. The States General grant a million as a first fubfidy, and only demand in return 300,000 florins in shares. The term of the patent is fixed at 24 years. To- wards the end of the year feveral cities make reclaims , because they have not received the draught of the last patent; others fear that the fubfldy promised to the Company will become too onerous a burthen. The city of Amfterdam fears that the Enft India Company at the expiration of the current patent , will demand the same rights in the East as the West India Company in the West. Several foreign princes offer to Cgn for large sums, on condition of having the right to nominate a Governor (Bewindhebber) for every 300,000 fl. Granted under fome conditions. There are continual disputes between the cities of North and South Holland , which , in fpite of great eiTorts , cannot be appeased. Ch. V. 1621 — 1625. 1621. The rcgiftcrs of the resolutions of this year concerning the West India Comp. embrace two pages in fol. ; in reality there are no lefs than twenty (of Jan. 7 and 21, March 9, April 8 ;«r, ao , May 2Ö , Juue 26 quater, Septemb. 4, 13 , 22 , 28 , 30, Oct. 13 , Dec. 2 , 16, 17.) (1621.) We at last arrive at the definitive conftitution of the company. It is however but a measure forced by necefsity , and all the quarrels still furvive. We at first fee disputes arise between North and South Holland, which as it feems, particularly regard the part relating to the Direction of G the ( so ) the Company; they are only appeased momentarily by the combined au- thority of the whole State. Then come the cities which demand a free fait trade ; this is one of the queftions which return the most frequently in the deliberations of the States. At the end of the year (the document is very detailed) they fucceed in allowing provifionally a fleet of from loo to 150 vefsels to go to Punto d'Array for fait, convoyed by vefsels of war i but this permisüon is only provifional, and as the States exprefsly ftate does not include a right. It is however one of the first affairs in which the new direction of the West India Compnny appears. We then find three documents of an hiftorical importance of the first order. Two of them relate to a Zeeland colony pofsefsing plantations of tobacco atthe mouth of the Maranon. The Zeelanders demand compensation for the lofses they have experienced on account of the conftitution of the Comp, It is very flrange that this resolution should have escaped the observation of Mr. Netscher, who, giving (Note 8 p. 171) a notice on this colony, tells us that we find" no notice of it from the year löió. Mr. Brodhead feeras never to have heard of the existence of this colony. The other do- cument concerns New Netherland much more nearly. It is however very limilar to that mentioned by Mr. B rod head under the date of June aand, 162a: (our resolution is of Sept. loth 1621.) It is a request, addrefsed, not like that of Mr. Brodhead, to the States Genera], but to those of Hol- land , for permifsion to go for persons left in the colonies. But ftrangely enough, our official document does not fpeak of New Netherland, but of Virginia! There can be no doubt however but that the commerce of the North river is meant. Several other resolutions concern the part they obliged the East India Company to take in the new enterprise. This company had even resol- ved to take the tenth part of the shares. We have not been able to as- certain whether this resolution was executed or not. And not to forget the most important of all ; we first find that it had been resolved to fix the legal commencement of the Comp. on the istMay 1621 , but that the numerous difllculties-which offered put it off for two months, that is to fay till July ist 1621. 1622. Resol. concerning the West India Comp. of Jan. 10, 18, 21, 24; March 22 , 23 , 24 ; April 13 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 21, 23 , 26 , 28 ; May 3 , Ö , 12 , 13 ; July 2Ó ; Sept. 27 ; Oct. 26 ; Dec. 15. April 20. Commifsioners nominated ro treat with W. U f s e 1 i n c x on the affairs of the West India Comp.; a very curious document, in which it is faid: among other things, that they must try to preserve this man who C 51 ) who can render the Company good fervice if he is well treated, and that on the other hand if he is ill treated he can greatly injure it. April 20 and 21. A number of workmen wishing to emigrate to Ame- rica with their families have prefented themselves. The English make them proposals to go to Virginia, but the States are of opinion that it is far preferable to fend these families to the pofsefsions of the Company. The matter however must be referred to the Directors. The very next day the Directors reply that they are altogether of the opinion of the States of Holland. — These are a fmall number of the do- cuments belonging to our collection, of which Mr. Brodhead has made use; it is however perhaps not to him, but to the learned I\1r. Berg that we are to ascribe the honour of the first discovery (fee Brodhea d p. 148 ; Berg, Bijdragen B. 11). April 13. Ufselincx demands an audience. The deputies charged with the other queftions regarding the West India Comp. are ordered to hear him. April 23. A very curious document which tells us what Ufselincx expected as a recompense for his fervices rendered to the West India Company; this is nothing Icfs than four percent on those shares called now shares of priority and two percent on the others; which on the 6 or? millions forming the capital of the Company, gives the pretty considerable fum of from 120 to 150 thousand florins ; a fum the more considerable for the time of which we fpeak , fince the rich Kiliaen van Rens- f e lae r did not leave fo much to his heirs. The States of Holland, acknowledging all his pretentions, allowed him to travel into the country to demand the capitals owing to him. The States even gave him a fum of 1000 florins to compensate him for the ex- penses of his journey, and promised him to intercede with the other pro- vinces to obtain what was due to him. This circumftance, which throws a certain light on the proceedings of Ufselincx, and which is also atteftcd by more than one document, me- rited better than to have escaped Mr. B redhead's attention. (1622) Besides the resolutions of which we have fpoken more in detail, and which concern queftions already treated by American hiftorians, we find a number of other very important resolutions. What results from a certain number of these resolutions is the important fact, that , notwithflanding the legal exiftence of the Company commenced the preceding year, we cannot iix the real commencement before the end of 1622, Indeed the powers granted to the directors chosen in 1621 was only provisional, and the very exiftence of the Company remained doubtful. G 2 They ( 52 ) They did not proceed to the choice of " Bewindhebbers ," till , on the 17 Sept. 1622, the directors had declared that they thought the capital suffi- cient. For notwithftanding the most ftrenuous efforts of the States, of many private persons and especially of W. Ufselincx, it feemed almoft as if they would never succeed in getting together the necefsary capital. This was why the States of Holland perceived the urgency of joining to the privileges ofj the West India Company that of the fait trade, which had been refused at the prefsing inftances of feveral cities of North Holland, especially of Hoorn. The whole of this year pafsod in endea- vours to make an accomodation with that city. It however remained ob- ftinate , and the States were obliged to end the difficulty by a vote of the majority, after having in vain tried the last legal method , the intercefsion of the Prince of Orange. When therefore in September the cities were ordered to nominate their Bewindhebbers , all North Holland refused, and demanded that the falc queftion should be first arranged. But the States, pafsihg over this resis- tance, permitted the Bewindhebbers already elected to commence the most necefsary businefs. Thus finished the year 162a. 1625. Resolutions relating to West India Comp. Febr. 21; March 9, 30; Nov. 17; Decemb. 2,5, 20. 1624. West India Comp. Resolutions of May 2, 7, 10, 14; July 17; Aug. 3 ; Sept. 13 , 17, 21 , 27. (1623 and 1624.) These two years pafsed, the first in preparations for the conqueft of Brazil, the fecond in armaments to fupport the first fleet The other resolutions of these years almoft exclusively relate to thefaltqueftion. Contrary to its first intention, North Holland resolved to elect Bewindheb- bers , but fonie difficulty was made about receiving them. The intercefsion of the States at last put an end to this refusal. Yet the cities of North Holland were still obftinate in their refusal to publish the edict by which the States introduced the exclusive privilege of the fait trade into the patent of the Weft India Company ; they even went fo far as to infringe this privilege by navigating, as before, in those feas which were now forbidden. We next find an interefting piece of news, which again proves how many things in hiftory depend or pure chance. On the nth Sept. 1624 it was pro- posed to fend a yacht to L'Hermite, to warn him of the State of affairs in Brazil. The States rejected the proposal. Had they agreed to it it is very probable that the Bahia would have remained in the pofsefsion of the Dutch. And all who are acquainted with the vast importance of this place and of the part it since occupied in the hiftory of the combats between the ( 53 ) the Dutch and Portuguese, will have no doubt but that with the Bahia the greater part of Brazil would have remained in the hands of the Dutch, and that they would not have had to undergo the horrible checks of the years 1645 to 1652. They would not even have required the immense ar- maments necefsary in 1630 for reducing a part of Brazil. Add to this the consequences for the prosperity of the Company and that of New Nether- land , that only required fmall fums , and which the Company would not have refused had it been folvable, and if the affairs of Brazil and this oc- cupation of the Bahia had not drawn off its attention and absorbed its forces. We here also find the exact number of troops furnished to the Company for its expedition by the States General. 162Ö. Resol. of July 5 , 16 , 17 , 24 ; Sept. 23 , 27; Oct. 3. Auftral. Comp. Resol. of Oct. i. Ch. VI. 1626—1629. 1626. Resol. on the West India Comp. of March 24; April 2,9; Nov 23 , 25 , 27 ; Dec. I , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19- 1627. Resol. of Jan. 19; March 31; July 13, 15, 20, 30, 31 ; Nov. 9; Dec. 21 , 22 bis. Jan. 19. Report made in the States on a communication of Dudley Carle ton, on the enterprise to the West Indies which the English were about to undertake. It is proposed to the Dutch Company to unite with the new one to attack the King of Spain ; without giving a direct refusal the directors give no decifivc reply. (1625 — 1627.) Besides the resolution cited, which does not directly apply to the hiftory of the Company , there are forae which allow us to make fome conclusions on this hiftory. First , after fcveral fruitlefs attempts, they at last fucceed in concluding a treaty between the West India Comp. and the cities of North Holland, (given in detail in the resolutions of Dec. 19, 1626 and, Jan. 19, 1627.) We however already find the germ of new disorders. The afsistance promised by the States General only comes in very flowly, and feveral chambers are discontented with the share they have in the government of the Company. We next find feveral resolutions which too fpecially regard Brazil to find a place here. 1628. West India Comp. Refol. of Febr. 25 ; March 3 , 28 ; Aug. 21 ; Sept. 24. 1629. West India Comp. Resol. of March 6 bis, 17, 22, 24; July 15, II , 13; Aug, 8 , 9, 24. (1628 and 1629.) The resolutions of these two years are of little impor- tance for the hiftory of the Company. We only find that on their first G 3 pro- ( 54 ) profits the Company gives 54,ooo florins to the poor. The States feverely reprimand this ostentation , permitting it however for this time only. We then meet with a request for help for the great expedition of Piet Heyn The States of Holland refuse to fupport these demands which they find exorbitant, but they guarantee to compensate the Company for its expenses if the result of the expedition be fuch as is expected. There are also new disputes in the Company. The Chamber of Amfterdam refuses to follow the prescription of the patent , according to which one third of the Be- windhebbers much be changed every six years. They dispute and the States decide against the Bewindhebbers. Ch. VII. 1630—32. 1630. West India Comp. Resol. March 6; April 26; June 14; July 9, 13 , 16 bis ; Sept. 20 ; Dec. 10 , 12 , 13 , 19 , 21. Greenl. Comp. Resol. May ai. 1631. West India Comp. Resol. March 18, 19, 25, 27; July 9; Dec. 4. 1632. » » a » Jan. 14; March lo bis; July 23 bis. (1630— 1Ó3?..) The resolutions of these three years are well calculated to give us an idea of the reasons which have brought about the decline of the West India Comp. From the 14111 of June 1Ó30 the Company demand 600,000 florins as the afsistance due to them, according to the terms of the patent, to fustain their wars; and then they reclaim the fum ftill unpaid of the million of florins promised in 1621, and due fince the conftltution of the Company , that is to fay tince 1622. It is indeed not the States of Hol- land that owe their quota of the last mentioned fum , but those of the other provinces. The discufsions on these two fubjects drag through the years 1630, 1631 and 1632. At last in 1632 they fucceed in fending delegates into the dilatory provinces to demand the funis due , and decide on granting a fum of 600,000 florins for the whole country. But this refolution has no power over the other provinces, fo that the Company obtains but 57 per cent of the fum in question , that part of it namely which Holland was to contri- bute. Even then we find many cities backward in their payments. We also fee by these resolutions , that the dividend paid by the Com- pany in 1629, was not 50 per cent as Mr. Netscher fays, but 75. Our resolutions make mention of it five or six times , at the fame time advi- sing them to prcfs the other provinces to pay what they owe the Com- pany , fo that the States of Holland may receive their share of the 75V0 paid by the Company in 1629. This also shows fhe proceeding , as frank as it v/as ingenious of which the Company made use to insure the reim- bursements due. Our ( 55 ) Our resolutions also fpeak of the 600 thousand florins advanced to the State in 1629 by the Company, which in every respect feems to have shown itself much more generous than the East India Company. Ch. VIII. 1633-37. 1653. West India Conip. Rcsol. of Febr. 16; April 22; May 3; June 15 ; July II , 13 , 19 » !ii ; Sept. 10, Greenland Comp. July 13. 1634. West India Comp. Rcsol. of March 14; May 4; July 26; Nov, 10 ; Dec. 8. Green!. Comp. April ; May; Sept. 22. 1635. West India Comp. Resol. of Febr. 19, 23, 24, 27; March 3, 6 , 9 , 29 ; May 2^ , 23 ; June 26 , 27 , 29. Greenl. Comp. Nov. 9; Dec. 15, 20. 1636. Resol. of April 50; June 6; July 11, 29, 31; Sept. 18; Oct 10 , II , 16. On the 6* of June: Proposals of the crown of Sweden made by the resi- dent Swedish minister W. Usfelincx, to induce the States of Holland to found a ** Zuid-Compagnie" in conjunction with Sweden; — referred to the afscmbly of the XIX. July 29. The afscmbly of the XIX appearing but little disposed to consent to Ufselincx's proposal, and having refused to treat with Sweden before the Swedish Company was conflitutcd, the States leave the affair in fuspense. Resol. of July 31 . The States General ask the advice of the States of Holland on this affair. The foregoing resolution is once more confirmed. Greenl. Comp. Rcsol. of Febr. 13; March 11; July 18; Oct. i , 11 ; Dec. 10, II. 1637. West India Comp. Jan. 27: Feb. 7; March 10 , 13 , 14 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 31 ; April 1 , 2 , 3 , 9 , 10; May 14 ; Sept. 22 ; Oct. 8 ; Nov. 18. Resol. of Sept. 22. After having made a report to the commifsioners of the States General, Ufselincx is fent to the XIX afsembled at Mid- delburg. (1633— 1637 ) Besides the proposal of Ufselincx, the resolutions of these five years contain many points highly intercfting for the general hiftory of the Company. We first find a document containing an exact calculation of the funis due to the Company from the provinces , amounting to no lefs than 508,000 florins. Then in 1634, after many debates they grant a fubsidy of 700,000 florins. But in these resolutions they already fpeak of the decline of the Company; and the States of Holland fay that it is not their fault that things are fo , but that it is rather that of the other provinces which ftill refuse to pay the fums they owe. At the end of ( 56 ) of 1634 the States take a measure as unjust as it is energetic — to refuse Avhat was due to the Company till the other provinces had acquitted their debts. We also find in the resolutions of these years that the West India Company was not the only one to experience a backwardnefs in the pay- ments of the provinces , but that there was great disorder in all these affairs. This backwardnefs was however far from ceasing and we find continual complaints on the fubject. In 1637 the free trade with Brazil began to occupy all minds , and led to ferious disputes, — as ferious , perhaps ftill more f o , than those which had impeded the first ftcps of the Company. Among other matters , those of Cura9ao occupy the Company and the States the most. One of the most remarkable documents relating to that island acknowledges what has fince been fo well proved by Mr. Net- scher, that the Company did not occupy itself fo much with commer- cial matters as with politics. This is faid as a well merited praise, for the true purpose of the Company was , to injure the King of Spain; it there- fore only fulfilled its duty in fo acting. In these resolutions we also find the title granted to Maurice on his departure for Brazil, a title (as proved by Mr. N e t s c h e r) which re- solves feveral hiftorical queftions. The last resolution of the year 1637 relates to the raising of the money granted to the Company by government. Ch. IX. 1638— 1641. 1638. West India Comp. Resol. of March 20, 23, 31; April i , 23 ; July 14 , 23 , 30 , 31 ; August 3 . 4 , 5 ; Dec. i , 23. Greenl. Comp. Oct. 4. , 1639. West India Comp. Jan. 22, 25; March 3, i7i April 5,9? May 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21 , 24, 25 , 26; July 19 , 21 , 26; Aug. 3 ; Sept. 10, 15, 21 , 23, 24, 28; Oct. I , 7, 8 , II , 18, 19, 21; Nov. 3; Dec. 11, 13. Resolution of Dec. 4: Letter from W. Ufselincx, dated Hamburg Oct. 29 , proposing a new Company for those parts of America not occu- pied by the West India Comp., — resolved to fend the proposal to the XIX. Greenland Comp. May 28, 31. 1640. West India Comp. Resol. March 20; July 24, 26, 27; Sept. 27; Nov. 2 , Dec. II. 1641. West India Comp. Jan. 24, 26; Feb. i; March 26; April 27; May 10; July 23; Sept. 21 ; Oct. 11 ; Nov. 22. Greenland Comp. Nov. 25, Dec, 13 » 21. (1638 — 1641.) The principal queftion of this period is ftill that of the fubsidies. A very detailed document informs us that nearly a million was ( 57 ) was owing from the years 1633 to 1635' by the province of Holland alone; and yet that province boasts of exactitude in its payments. From this one may conclude on the other provinces. A new demand for an annual fub- fidy of 700,000 florins per annum , is granted by the Council of State and fubmittcd to the deliberation of the States ; but this affair drags through the whole of the year 1638 and is only pafsed in May 1639. We however learn from the pamphlets of 1Ö49 that thefe fubfldies were not more regularly paid than the other funis due to the Company by the provinces. Another matter of minor importance, was terminated in Aug. 1638. This was a demand for a fubfidy of 250,000 florins, which was granted after ten months of deliberation. A certain number of refolutions had been already taken with regard to the prolongation of the patent, which was only to expire in 1645; though there- fore this queftion was confldered and reconfidered during the whole of rhefe four years, the States, feeing that they had time before them, did not by any means hurry thcmfclves. The queflion of free trade with Brazil is refolved on in 1639, on a pro- pofal of Maurice Count of O r a n g c. To the Company is left the wood trade to Brazil, and that of flavcs and of ammunition, — every thing elfe is left open to all. It is very curious to read all thefe refolutions , especially thofe treating on money matters. They make us undcrftand better than anything elfe how a Company making war and which, taking on itfelf a part of the duties of the government was necesfarily to expect afsistance from the latter, could not prosper in Holland , where one had fo much difiiculty in parting with a few bags of money. Ch. X. 1642— 1643. 1642. W. I. Comp. Rcfol. Jan. 18; March 22; June 28; July 4, 8, 11, 16, 17; Aug. 2; Sep. 30; Oct. 8; Dec. 2, 8, 10, 18, 20, Greenl, Comp. Rcfol. Jan. 18, 24, 28, 29; July 4; Aug. 30. 1643. W. I. Comp. March 12, 17, 19, ai, 25, 26, 30; April 1,3; July 24, 28, 30; Aug. I, 4; Oct. I, 2, 16, 17; Nov. 25. Greenl. Comp. Aug. 4; Oct. 2. (1^42 — 1643.) What is almost incredible is, that at the end of 1643 they ftil! fpe^k of the payment of the fums due since J634 as of a thing about to take place. Indeed the refolutions hardly fpeak of anything but this , but first the one deputy then an other has not full authority to grant the fums required. At one time Haarlem and Leyden declare that they can only confent to the payment of 200,000 florins inftead of the 460,000 demanded. H From ( 58 ) From the refolutions which follow it appears even that they really only paid that fum. Nor is there the least mention of paying the 700,000 florins recently promifed, although the Company, the States General, and the Prince of Orange do not ceafc to prefs the Provincial States, and notwithftanding the alarming news which arrive from Brazil. If we compare thefe facts with the hiftory of Brazil by Mr. N e t s c h er , we shall underftand why, two or three years after , the company was fo nearly becoming infolvent ; we shall fee that if thefe fums had been paid when due, the Company would have been able to fit out vefsels and fend the necesfary troops to Brazil, as Count Maurice conftantly but vainly demanded. Another ques- tion alfo occupies the attention of the Company , viz. , the augmentation of the capital signed by the shareholders. More than once the States had occupied themfelves with fimilar queftions; but we cannot well follow the development of this queftion in the brief notices of the refolutions , and there is a total want of research on the subject; this is why we have been filent on this matter. The prolongation of the patent alfo occupies the States many times, but this queftion is always put off to a future time. The refolutions of thefe two years alfo contain much that is important for the history of Brazil, but which have too detailed an interest to find a place here. Ch. XI. 1643— 1644. 1644. Refol. concerning the W. I. Comp. Jan. 21, 22, 27 ; Feb. 6,13; March 9, 10, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24; April 19, 22, 26, 28, 30; May 2, 3 quater, 5 , 10, II , 13 ; July 22 ; Aug. 10, 12,- Sep. 21 , 28 ; Dec. 2 , 10, 13 , 14 » 15, 21, 22. April 28. The delegates for the examination of the affair of the patent of the two Companies are charged to listen to the advice of W. Ufselincx. Mays. Ufselincx again fent to the governors (Bewindhebbers) of the Company to give his advice, with a promife to reward him well if he gave good advice. (1644.) The numerous refolutions of this year turn but upon two points, the payment of the arrears and the new patents of the India Companies. As for the former matter, at the end of the year it is just where it was at the commencement; a demand is made of 354,000 florins, due from the year 1636. Nor is the other brought any nearer to a conclufion. The history of the affair is fuccinctly as follows. The West India Comp., on the demand of the States, declares itfelf ready; the East India Comp. refufes , alleging that its capital is not fiifficient for the immenfe cnterprifcs of the other. The matter is propofed to the Prince of ( 59 ) of Orange, who acknowledges that the junction is defirable, but his admo- nitions do not fucceed in pcrfuading the East India Comp. Count M a u r 1 c e of Nafsau in vain takes meafurcs in the fame fenfe. During thefe transactions the two patents, which were both about to expire, were prolonged for a very short time. At last the Prince of Orange , feeing the obftinacy of the East India Comp. prefers granting it to punish- ing the Comp. by refuGng a renewal of its patent, and his advice is in this fenfe. The W. I. Comp. makes a last effort ; — it offers a compenfa - tion of 3,600,000 fl. to the otlier Company; but the latter with much good fenfe obferves that the W. I. Comp. being infolvent, has nothing to give , and that therefore, if it confented , it would have to pay itfclf. At the end of the year, the W. I. Comp., forcfeeing it would not fucceed in what it demanded, determined on asking a new patent for 24 years. But there was üill a party in the States which continued the negociations with the other Company. Ch. XII. 1645— 1647. 1645. Refol. relating to the W. I. Comp, Jan. 14, 21; Feb. 21,24, 29 ; March 1,2,3,6; April 4,5; May 10, 25 ; July 20, 21 ; Sept. 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 2S, 29; Oct. 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13; Nov. IS, ai, 23, 24, 25, 28,29,30; Dec. 2 quinter; 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14» 'S, 16, 19, 20, 21. 1646. W I. Comp. Feb. 19, 20; March 3, 23, 24; April 19, 24, 25, 26, 27 rer; May 2 ter, 8, 10, 12, 15, I7j 18; June 13, 16, 19, 20; July 19, 31; Sept. 27 ; Oct. 5 ; Nov. 17 ; Dec. 6, 11, 13, 15, 20, 22. (1645 and 1646.) During thefe two years we have nearly 90 refolutions on the affairs of the Company. The questions to be refolved however are only two in number; and yet thefe are not refolved. The first is that of the fubfidies. It appears that the continual efforts made in this fenfe at last induced the cities to furnish fomc hundred thoufands of florins ; for the demands of the Company for 1634 ^nd 1635 , which formerly amounted to more than 800,000 fl. , were reduced little by little to two or three hundred thoufand. But without comparing other authorities it is impofsible to arrive at any exact calculations on this fubject. It is however certain that of the an- nual fubfldy of 700,000 fl. and of 500,000 fl. in one payment , promifed in 1640, nothing was as yet paid; — the province of Holland always excuGng itfelfon the flimfy pretext that the other provinces were ftill more, behind hand. To put an end to this fpccious pretext an inveftigation on thisfub-* ject was made, and the ftrange refult was arrived at, that, notwithftanding it was certain that the provinces were ftill much in arrear, nothing certain could be known on the State of their payments, becaufe the Bewindhebber Ha S p e x C <5o) S p e X had given them a receipt without having received the whole of the fums due. BeGdes , the other Provinces had paid nothing either of the annual 700,000 fl. or of the 500,000 fl. To get themfelves out of this bad pofition without drawing their purfe firings , the States fell upon the expe- dient of fending men to Brazil inftead of giving money. The Prince of Orange however, feeing the injustice of fuch a meafure , very firmly gave the States of Holland his opinion on the matter. The result was that the Company received neither money nor troops. The most alarming reports were in vain fent from Brazil, in vain the committee, nominated at the end of 1645 to examine the matter, showed the urgency of afsistance and propofed the immediate payment to the Comp. of 1,250,000 fl. ; all was in vain. A means was at last found. For the last three years the affair of the two companies had been before the States ; nothing was as yet decided. It was therefore thought expedient to get rid at once of both difficulties by ma- king the East India Company pay a large fum for the prolongation of its patent, which fum was to be employed in affifting the other Company and paying a part of the debt of the States. Yet this fimple means was very unjust. In the first place they facrificed the interests of the West India Comp. in not forcing the other Company to unite with it ; then with the purfe of the East India Comp. the States pay what they owe; a debt too the more imperative as it was only on condition of this fubfidy that our Company obtained leave from the Shareholders to employ the half of their capital, and the fhares fell into discredit on account of the want of faith in the national rcprefentation. The States too had great difficulty in refolving on this fl:cp, which was not yet decided at the end of 1646, and whilst the Company in despair fent mefsage on mef- fage to the States , the latter remained undecided. The King of Portugal meanwhile took advantage of this State of affairs ; his ambafsador came from time to time to make declarations on the pacific and friendly views of his King, who could do nothing to put down the revolt of the Portuguefc of Brazil. These protcllations increafed ftill more the incertitude of the States. And in prolonging the patents of the two Companies from month to month, in paying fome few thoufands of florins inftead of the millions due , in listening to reports which already began to fpeak of the almost entire lofs of Brazil, the States at last, towards the commencement of 1646 were much «about where they were at the commencement ofi645 — viz., at a lofs what to do. The last refolution taken during thefe two years was the most charac- teristic. It says with great naivete that they have been occupied two en- tire days with the affairs of the West India Comp,, but that nothing had been as yet decided. The (61 ) The icfolution of April 4tli 164s merits alfo to be noticed. It is a pro- pofal, which however docs not appear to have been followed out, of making a condition with the Companies on the prolongation of their pa- tents, that they fhould caufe the Bible to be translated into the language of the ravages of the countries with which they traffic. 1647. Refol. relating to the West India Comp. Jan. 9, 11, 12, 15, 17, 18, 24, 25, :6, 30; Feb. 5, 6, 7, 8, n, 14, 21, 25; April 9; May 17, 22, 25; June 7 , 15 , 18 , 21 , 28 , 29 ; July 1,3,4, 6,8, 31 ; Aug. 2, 3, 8, 14, 16 ; Sept. 2, 3 quater, 5 bis, 6 quater ^ 9, 10 quater , 11 ; Oct. 12, 13, 25, 29 quater , 30, 31 ; Nov. 2, 5, 6, 9, 13, IÓ ; Dec. 13, 14, 16, 11, 21. (1647.) Jan .10. Report of W. Ufselincx on the affairs of the West India Comp., to be transmitted to the committee entrufted with the examination of this question. Aug. 8. The fame document fent to the fame commifsioners. Jan. IS. The ambafsador Joachimi writes from England respecting an English and French Proteftant Company. (1Ó47.) The activity of the States, at least in discufsing the affairs of the Company was indeed great. We find nearly 80 refolutions , feveral of which were the refult of whole fefsions. Nay , after having concluded their Qttings on tc i6«'» of August, they were called together again on the 22n(i for extraordinary fittings, becaufe, on account of the oppofition of the Province of Friesland, matters had not come to a conclufion ; indeed, though far from being fatisfactory , the refolutions of this year led to fome pofitive rcfults. The first was the prolongation of the Companies for 25 years , on condition that the East India Company fhould pay the other i,5oo,coo 11. , but in a manner that rendered this asQstance but of little ufe ; 300,000 fl. were to be paid in cash, as much in merchandife, the re- mainder from 1649— 1Ö5 1 , at the rate of 300.000 fl. per annum. Then again there were disputes on the term of the first payment, which it was at last rcfolved to leave to the East India Company. Thus pafscd the first half of the year; the fecond was flill more important for the history of the Company, The first thing we find is the affair of the Portu- guefe Gaspar Diaz Ferrara, which, though it caufed him to be perpetually banished from the Dutch pofsefsions, failed to open the eyes of the authorities as to the real intentions of the King of Portugal. That monarch meanwhile continued his ncgociations ; his ambafsador was clever enough once more to get the States to endeavour to procure for Portugal a peace , or at least a truce with Spain, as a condition for reducing the forts of Brazil — a condition illufionary enough , fince the King always declared that it was not in his power to reduce the infurgents H 3 of ( 62 ) of Brazil to obedience. But this time at least thefe chicanes had but little influence. The States General, and especially the council of State , haftened the armaracnt for Brazil as much as pofsible ; but the tedious manner of proceeding of the States prevented the fuccefs of their good will ; — one difficulty was hardly removed before another prefented itfelf. The oppo- sition of the Provincial States of Friesland is efpecially characteristic of the whole history of the impediments of the Company, proceeding from the wan: of faith of the provinces. This refiftance , which gave rife to long negociations between Friesland and the States of Holland, was motived in a highly interesting document of the 22nd Aug. of this year. In this piece the States say that they are at last tired of the long war with Spain , now happily about to terminate (by the peace of Munftcr),- that the conditions of the King of Portugal for Brazil ought to be accepted, but that, if ne- cefsary , they would afsist the Company for six months longer. Indeed the Company had only been created to worry the King of Spain; they had not hefltated to make it the most magnificent promifes ; they had even fupported it as long as was necefsary for the purpofe of its crea- tion. But now Spain was in reality vanquished. Since the year 1629 that country had only been able to carry on a defensive war with the Dutch. The war of thirty years had completed its ruin. The Company then was no longer needed; it was thrown afide as a ufelefs inftrument. Holland was besides fatigued with this long war , and though it is only necefsary to open any of the' books of that time to discover of what riches it had been the fource for that country, which had the maxim to fell even arms to their adverfaries if they paid well , yet the finances of the States as well as of the cities were cxhaufted. Among the prominent actors who appear on our fcene are Maurice of Nafsau , and Admiral de With. The noble Prince who gives the un- grateful Company his falutary advice, — and accufes the direction and es- pecially the new adminiftration of Brazil; admiral de With who only thinks of his own interest, and conftantly returns to the quedion whether, in setting out for Brazil in the employment of the Company, he cannot at the fame time receive his falary as vice admiral of the State. Another affair which plays a certain part in our refolutions , is the re- fistance of Zealand to the peace, as much with Spain as with Portugal. The Zealanders fent many cruifers "which did much damage to Spain, now fo feeble, and to the inhabitants of Brazil. For them therefore the peace was not defirable. In September the Council of State fixed the afsistance to be demanded from the country at twelve men of war and 6000 foldiers. All the refolutions treat ( 63 ) treat the fubject of asfistance. It is remarkable that at the end of the year they had almoft arrived at a definitive determination. Nor is it uninterefting to fee how the directors of the Company mistake the Gtuation of affairs. Inftcad of contenting themfelves vviih the generous offers of Portugal, they demand the tradition of Bahia, which , fince 162S5 had not belonged to the Company, and whilst the non-accomplishment of the promifes made, to the State would have engaged the honour of the State, now the whole matter was a private concern. All thefc negociations therefore only had the refult of becoming the pretext for the delays of the Provinces in their payments, a defirable fuccefs for the King of Por- tugal. At the end of this year. Count Maurice having feveral times refufed the Command, colonel Schkoppe is at last definitively nominated ge- neral , and admiral dc With, admiral of the fleet and army— that was to be. The advice of the Count of Orange had alfo had its effect, and more than once they fpoke of examining into the conduct of the directors. But they began by confulting the directors themfelves. The refult of the investigation therefore , of course changed nothing in the State of affairs; and the " Order" propofed on the 16^^ of April, by the committee entrusted with this affair is only remarkable for a fingle fact, namely, the prosperous state of New Netherland which it reveals. This "Order" fpeaks of the exports of alimentary productions from this country as very confiderable. Chap. XIII and XIV. 1Ö47— 1648. 1648. W. I. Comp. Jan. 16; Feb. i, 4; March 10, 12, 17, 18, 21, 24, 31 ; April 5, 1% 21, 22, 25; June 24, 25, 26, 29, 30; July i , 3, 4^ 6, 7, 8> 9, 10, 15» 16, 21, 25, 27, 28; Aug. 3, 6, 7, S ; Sept. 16, 19, 24, 30; Oct. 2, 3, 8, 10; Nov. 20, 21, 24, 26 ter , 27; Dec. 10, 22. (1648.) As nothing happens by miracle , the refolutions of this year ftill bear the fame character as thofc of the preceding ones. All posfible pains are taken to make the States pay what they ftill owe of the arrears of the 300,000 florins. For this it is necesfary to pafs five refolutions and for the central government to make feveral applications. It is much worfe with the annual fubfidy of 700,000 florins. From a cal- culation made in November of this year , it appeared that the provinces had only paid a third, and the province of Holland had not behaved much better than the other's flnce it ftill owed more than half of Its fubfidies. On the other hand the States never refufe to asflft the Company — in words. We alfo find half a dozen lengthy documents, having reference to two other ( 64 ) other principal questions of this year ; — the peace with Portugal and the new " Order" of the Company. As to the first documents, one can hardly believe that it was blindnefs on the part of the States that they paid so much attention to them , for the insincerity of the King is more than once remarked by the commifsioners cntruftcd with this matter. We should be rather dispofed to think that the States were really not displeafed to find an cxcufe for lengthening out the affair. For the history of Brazil the refolutions of this year are not lefs important than thofe of the preceding ones. The long Concept-tractaets and feveral accounts relating to de With, Schkoppe and the Hooghe Raeden of Brazil are of especially great historical importance. Mr. Netfcher however has made ufe of hardly any of thefe documents. Chap. XV. 1649— 1651. 1649. Refol. of Jan. 15, 16, 18, 19, 23 ter; Feb. 24; March 4, 5,9. 11,12, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 26 ter, 27 ; April 30; May 4, 7, 11, 15, iB ter ; June 30; July 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31 ; Aug. 27, 28, 30, 31 ; Sept. I ;er, 2, 4, 6, 7 ter, S, 9, 10 ter, 11, 13, 14, 15, 1Ö, 18, 21 quater, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30; Oct. I, 2, 4, 5, 6 ter, 8, 9 ter; Nov. 25, 29; Dec. 3. 4> 9j H> 15, 17, 18, 21, 22. 1650. Refol. of Jan. 13, 14, 15, 15» March 3, 5, 8, 9, 10 quater, 11, 12, 14 , 15 , 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 31 ; April i, 5, 6, 7, 8 ter ; May 3, 4, 5, 6, II, 12, 27, 31 ; June 2, 3, 4) 28 ; July 7, 8, 14 ter, 23, 22; Aug. 9, II, 12 , 19 ter, 20 ter; Septemb. 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21 ter, 2;, 23, 24, 27, 28, 29 ter, 30 j Oct. I ter; Nov. 24, 29, 30; Dec, i. March 24 and April 8, The deputies of Ncw-Ncthcrland ask permission to take over 200 farmers (^bouwlieden') ; tlie matter being duly considered it is propofed to examine the question and above all to hear the Bewind- hebbers of the Chamber of Amfterdam. Mr. Brodhead does not feem to have known of this petition of v. d. Do nek and his colleagues; at least he does not make any mention of it. 1651. Refol. of Jan. 4, 9, 10, 16, 26, 27; Feb, i, 2, 3, 8, 13, 16 ; March 2 , 3 , 4> 9 1 "> 27 ter , 28, 29 ; April 4, 6, 7» 8, 13, 22 ; May 4, 5, 12, I'S, 19 , 28 ; June 10 , 14 , 15 , 19 ; July 4 , 6 , 14 xer ; Aug, 12 , 18 ; Septb. 20 ; Oct. 6, 7; Nov. 30; Dec. 2, 9, 11, 20, 21, 22. (1649) This year pafsed in debates on the afsistance due to the Company, But this time the refults were more fortunate. Yet the documents of the refolutions are not fufficient to make any exact calculations , and it would be ufclefs to attempt it , as one may be Aire of finding other documents which permit more fatisfactoiy conclusions ; we may however estimate the ( 6s ) the money paid this year to the Company at i,500,0C30; a fum confiderable enough indeed, but unfortunately this good will came too late. The first condition for victory , confidence , was long fince lost ; the prcfs made all pofsible efforts to deter the foldicrs from the expedition ; the creditors of the Company, wherever they could, retained the money; the officers of the Company were discouraged; De W i t h had for feveral months fpoken of his return to Holland. Then again the administration of the colony lost all that was flill to be lost; weak, unjust and incapable, the counfellors afscmblcd at Pcrnambuco filled but inadequately the place ceded them by M a u r i c e of Nafsau. Neither must we fuppofe that there was any extraordinary hurry on the part of the provinces to pay their debts to the Company; we should much rather admire the perfistance of the commifsioners of the States. During this year there was more than once queftion of an open war with Portugal. The Prince of Orange advifed the blockade of the Tagus. They even went fo far as to engage perfons who were acquainted with thefe roads to give the nccefsary information; — but except the permifsion to make reprifals, which indeed had long been given, the matter went no farther. In the beginning of the year there were again feveral conferences with Sou fa Cotinho, who underftood admirably well how to lengthen out matters. Once, just before the vacation of February, the States would abfo- lutely come to a determination. They fcnt for the ambafsador, but he had taken medicine and was unable to appear. The sessions were notre-opened till a month after. But the hatred of the people towards the diplomatift was fo great that the King his master recalled him for his own fafety. We mult alfo make mention of the obflinatc rciistance of the city of Am- fterdam to the meafures taken in favour of the Company. Our refolutions fpcak of it in very exprefsivc terms. Friesland remained firm in its refufal to afsist the Company, and all the ftcps taken to pcrfuadc it were in vain. Another event of which we mud make mention is, that the States Gene- ral opened the trade of provifions with Brazil to all who chofe to take part in it. This mcafure was taken to diminish the famine which reigned there. (1650,) The refolutions of this year have the fame dilatory character as all thofe we have hitherto noticed. Like thofe of the preceding year however they led to fome pofitive refults. In the first place, in accor- dance with the preceding refolutions , they fend pretty confiderable afsis- tancc to Brazil. But even thefe payments, by which they only fulfilled a I dis- a 66 ) distinct and plain promife, found much oppofition , and it required conti- nual niefsages from the Council of State and from the different admiralties interefted in the affair's being quickly dispatched. It was much worfe with another propofal hinted at the year before, — - that of openly declaring war with Portugal and fending a fleet worthy of the country to begin hoftilities. The Prince of Orange made this propofal in March i6so, but after 6 months of deliberation they were unable to come to any definitive refolution. The other affairs of this year relate in part to the fubfidy, in part they are of a fecondary importance. At the end of the year they recommence the negociations with Portugal, who had fent a new ambafsador ; they refolve however to demand his letters of credence immediately, and determine not to listen to him should they not be fufficient. The city of Amsterdam and Friesland continue their obftinate refistancc. Zealand prays the States to encourage the cruifers. De With returns from Brazil; the celebrated Navigation-Act having just been pafscd in En- gland, feveral Dutchmen make reclaims, that the commerce to the Antilles may be kept open for the Dutch. Continual reclamations are made by the officers , foldiers and Tailors for arrears in their pay. All thefe little misfortunes, all these inlignificant embarrasmcnts, without being of the first importance, point out very well the fituation of the Com- pany, now entirely bankrupt; — the shares of 150 fl. were now negociated at 40 fl. and even lefs. (1651.) The refolutions of this year are fomewhat more energetic than thofe of 1650. After only three months of deliberation they managed to confcnt to a fecond afsistance of a million of florins. The hostilities how- ever did not caufe an open rupture with Portugal ; the two companies only were allowed to make reprifals ; no attack was made upon Lisbon. Yet we muft not fuppofe there was any great hurry on the part of the Provinces to pay the Company; many entreaties were necefsary to induce them to do fo. The other affairs of this year are of little importance. There are at firft renewed demands for interference with England on the fubject of commerce with the Antilles , — fome letters of change drawn by the Hoogke Roe- den , on which fome discufsions take place. Then the complaints arc renewed on the abufes in the adminiftration in Zealand. Friesland perfifts in its refistance; Amfterdam too ; and a thoufand private interefts throw one obstacle after another into the way of the unfortunate Com- pany. Nor is it for the Company alone they had fo little mercy; the offi- ( <57 ) officers who arrive wichout having received their pay , were fent to feek it from thofe who employed them. At last they confent to pay them in placing this payment to the account of the Company. Thus it was just during the time that New-Netherland prefsed the di- rectors the moft, that, with the best will in the world, the directors could not answer the call. It would indeed have been the height of imprudence to fpend for New-Netherland the fums which were necefsary for the existence of the Company which was threatened at every moment. Ch. XVI. 1652—1653. 1652. Refol. of Jan. 11 , 12, 30; Feb. 5, 23; March 13, 19, 26} April 24; May 10; June 20; July 4, 11, 12; Aug. 13, 26, 30; Sept. 27, 28; Oct. 3, 5, 9 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18, 19 , 22, 23 ; Nov. 15, 16, 20, 23, 26 ; Dec. 4, 6, 10, II, 17, 20, 21. 16Ö3, Refol. of Jan. 10, 18, 30; Feb. 28; March 4, s, 7, I3. 19; June 12; July II, 18, 30, 3i; Aug. 4, 5; Sept. 13; Oct. 23; Nov. 5, 6, 25; Dec i, 2, 3, 4» 9, 10. Aug. 4. Decifion of the States that they will not permit appeals from fentences pronounced in New-Netherland , and that even a fimilar mande- ment obtained by a certain van Capelle shall be withdrawn by the States. (1652.) The more the affairs of the Company declined the more energe- tic the afsistance became ; but being doled out little by little all the fac- cours were as thrown into an abyfs. If they had, in the beginning of the revolt in Brafil , that is to fay in 1645 , or even during the adminiftration of Maurice of Nafsau , confented to make the efforts they now made, ihefe efforts would have been of more effect. Now , though the lengthi- nefs of the deliberations was moft fickening , they always arrived at a re- fult; and though the funis granted were rarely more than half paid, even this half was a conQderable fum. I believe that the money granted from 1633 to 1652 did not amount to lefs than 5 or 6 millions, of which proba- bly about 3 millions were paid. But according to the refolutions of 1635 they owed 700,000 fl. a year , which for 13 years amounts to 9 millions without the interefts ; and that without counting what should have been paid if they had well fulfilled their duty before the year 1633- The affairs of the Company looked fo bad this year , that it gave the advice itfelf to treat with Portugal; an embafsy, compofed of chargés d'af- faires of the Company and of the State, was indeed fent into that country. Notwithftanding this they were occupied with a mine of filver which had been discovered in Siara, one of the Capitanias of Brazil; fo great was the attraction of filver. I a And ( 68 ) And whilst the affairs were in this forrowful ftate we are not a little aftonished to learn that feveral shipowners of Rotterdam, let out their vef- sels to the Portuguefe to make war against the Company. Such was the gratitude of the fecond city in the country; the first had already proved how she remembered the energetic asflstancc rendered by the Company in 1619! (1653.) The refolutions of this year make a ftill more forrowful impres- lion than thofe of the preceding years. There are no more of thofe ani- mated disputes , thofe refufals full of ill-will. The little that is asked is eafily granted , but we do not find one who takes any interest in the un- happy affairs of the Company. If they do not receive direct applications from the officers who are not paid, or from the inhabitants and officers of Brazil , nobody thinks of them. When fuch a thing happens they pafs a refolution , without any oppofition, — but nobody thinks of giving it effect. Thus the asfistance of 6 vefsels and a yachts, as good as promifed the year before, is granted at the beginning of this; but from feveral refolu- tions towards the end of the year, we may conclude that even then they had not fucceeded in finding means of fending them. Tired of the complicated accounts with the Company, the States, after having in vain demanded a clear and concife account current , refolve to form a chamber of accounts at the Hague for the liquidation; and at the fame time to fend a new government to Brazil. But thefe were projects and remained projects. The embafsy to Portugal , projected the year before , and compofed of the Conful van der Hoeven, and the advocate of the Company R u- d o 1 p h i , at last fet out on the 4''! of May and returned on the 9* of Dec. We do not find in the refolutions any trace of the refult of their efforts. Ch. XVH. 1654-1655. 1684. Refol. of March 20; May 2, 7, 9, 21 ; July 21 , 29; Aug. 5, 8 ; Sept. 15, 16, 19, 21 quinter, ii, 25; Dec. i, 4. Dec. 4. Report of Beverningh on the negociations relative to New . Netherland , addrefsed to the States of Holland. 1655. March 12; June 10; July 13, 22, 27; Aug. 11, 13; Sept. 7, 15; Oct. 8; Dec, 14, 16, 21. (1654.) We now arrive at the lofs of Brazil. The fmall number of re- folutions of this year only contain reclamations of different perfons con- cerned in this affair. The States are pretty generous towards the failors and foldiers , and even towards the other perfons who fucceeded in escaping the general disaster. We ( 69 ) We alfo find that inftead of attributing it to themfelves , the States threw the whole responfibility of the diasters in Brazil on the last Hooghe Raeden of that country , whom they caufe to be iraprifoned and examined before the Court of Holland. (1655O The refolutions of this year relate to fcarcely anything but the pay of the foldiers and failors who have returned from Brazil. At the end of the year however they again begin to think of a total reftoration of the Company, the deplorable ftate of which is well painted by the refolution of Dec. 23rd, in which the Company communicates to the States that its creditors begin to feize its effects; on this the States imme- diately interfere in favour of the Company, proviQonally putting a flop to all proceedings. We alfo find a refolution of the States General, requefting the States to pay their debt to the Company, fo that the Company may pay theprefsing debts it has contracted in the confidence of receiving the promifed help. Ch. XVIII. 1656—1658. 1656. Refol. of March 4, 7, 24; July 20; Aug. 3, n ; Dec. 12, 16; March 24. Appelboom complains of fome violences of the Dutch to- wards the Swedes. 1657. Refol. of March 28, 29, (1656 and 1657) AH the refolutions of thefc two years, with the exception of three, are on the payment of the perfons returned from Brazil. Thefe three treat of the threatening attack of the Portuguefe on the Caftle of Mina and of the fuccours demanded for preventing it. 1659 to 1664. I have given all the Refolutions relating to the West India Company, down to the year 1664; from that time I have only chofen thofe which more directly relate to New-Netherland. 1659. Feb. 4 and 8; March 14. 1660. Jan. 24; July 23; Dec. 8, 11. 1661, June 9. 1662. March 18, 24; Dec. 11. 1665. April 26; May 2, 16; July 19; Nov. 28; Dec. 6, 13- 1664. April 5; May 6, 8, 14, 24 ter-^ July 16 ■, Aug. i, 2, 6; Sept. 26; Oct. I, 4, 17, 25, 31. Oct. 25. Remonftrance on the capture of New-Netherland by the English. Oct. 31. An important document. The States announce that they are about to communicate to the foreign ambafsadors refident at'the Hague the violence committed by the English at New-Amfterdam. George Down- ing fpeaks with much sharpnefs of this meafure. (fee Downing Memorie etc. Dec. 30. 1664.) I 3 (ÏÖS9 ( 70 -) (i6s9 to 1664.) The refolutions of thefe years concern : i8t. The payment ftill in arrear for the fuccour of Brazil. 2nd. Some little differences of the Company with flmilar Companies , English , Swedish and Danish. 1665. July 23 and Aug. 28. France, as mediator, propofes that New Netherland and the .other places occupied by the English should be ex- changed for the isle of Pouleron occupied by the Dutch. 1667. March 25; April 2. The West India Company begs the States to preferve New Netherland for her in the negociations with England. 1676. Jan. 23. Aug. i. From this refolution we fee that the West India Company continued to levy a duty of 3 per cent on all merchandife fent from Holland to New Netherland, fo that she ftill feems to confider herfelf dominant in thofe feas, dominans in partibus infidelium. 22. HISTORIE I (J^fte I lacrlijck Verhael I J^flniJE 1 ©crnCÖtingÖ^HÖft^COC* troycEtüe I Weft-indifche Compagnie, | ^cbert gacc 23i;gii), tot öEtepnöE ban 't Jaer | fEJlÖiCn;»BantlErt fEgsEn^üCCtiCfi; I Begrepen in Dcrthien Boecken, I Cnöe met bErfcoegibEnRoyECEn Inlaten üEtciEtt : | SÖEfcörEbcn boot I loANNES DE Laet | 25EtUint*ï|EÖDEr iJEC fElbCt Compagnie, [ TOT LEYDEN, | aSpBonaventuer EHÜE Abraham El fe vier, Anno 1644. | Met Privilegie. \ fol. [Hiftory or Yearly narrative of the proceedings of the privileged H''eji- India-Company i from its creation to the end of 1636 ; comprifed in thirteen books, and ornamented with feveral copper plates. Descri- bed by JOANNES DE LAET, one of the Directors of that Company. Title, XXX, 544 & 44 PP» Quoted by O'C a 1 1 ag ha n, I. p. 94, 103. 157. By B r o d h e ad p. 13Ö, '37» 148, 149, 162, 182, 183, 212, 218, 223, 224, 2Ó9. 23. COOPMANS ROER (engraved title^. — 'IGEESTELYCK ROER I ©flU't | Coopmans Schip, \ Wat i§: I CCOUtU fiEriCgt/ gOE Sat | tttl Coopman en Coopvaerder, gcmfElUEIt brsgEH | mOEt In fyne ganbElinp/ Ül Pays CnöE In Oorlooghe , ÖOOt | Godt, enÖB dc Menfchen, tE Water enbe te Lande, InfOnbet&Ept | onbet be Heydcncn In Ooft EnbE Weft-Indien: tEt ECtEn I Godts , fllcBtingE fyner Ghemeynten , EHbE falicflCllt I fyner zielen: mibtfgabEtgl tOt Ö^t ttJbtlÖCB i taEÏÜatEn ban ÏJtt Vaderlandt, | enÖE f0nE Familie, | Door | GODEFRlUVM VDEMANS , I 25EbiEnaEt beg ï^. CbangEliJ I tat Ziericx Zee. I lac. 3. 4. I Siet oock de Schepen , hoe wel fy foo groot zyn , ende van | harde winden ghedreven : fy worden met een feer kleyn Roer j omghewendt , waer de beweginghe des Stierders wil. | Met twee gheriefl'elijcke Regifters. | TOT DOR- DRECHT ( 71 ) DRECHT, I y^oot Franfoys Boeis, 25Dec6l)etfiaopEE tooonenüeinüE I taitte gljcficoonbe Duyff, Du 'i ^taijtfiug^ | anno 1638. 4". (r/(e spiritual Helm of the Merchantship ^ that is: Faithful /«- formation how a !\lerchant and Shipowner mufi conduct himfelf in his dealings^ in Peace and War, before God and Men, on Sea and on Landt especially amongft the Heathen in the Eafl and Weft Indies, to the ho- nour of God, the extenfion of his church and the falvation of his foul; as alfo for the temporal welfare of his fatherland and of his family , by G. Udemans , Minifter of the Gospel at Zierikzee, James III. 4. Behold alfo the ships, which though they be fo great and are driven of fierce winds , yet are they turned about with a very fmall helm, whitherfuever the governor lifteth. With two very ufeful indexes, j Two Titles, XVIII, 739 pp. and 57 pp. Regifter. 24.COOPMANS ROER. (£«^r<7v«^nf/ff. ) -'T GEESTELYCK ROER | ©an 't | Coopmans Schip. | ©at ig: | CtOUtU ficricgt/ gOE Öflt | ECtlCoopman, en Coopvaerder , Ijcm fcIDen bra? I gen moet In fpnc öanöelintje / In Pays , enbE in Oorlogc, tJOOC | God, EnDE dc Mcnfchen, tE Water EHbE te Lande infonijcröcybt | OniJCt bE Hcydcnen m Ooft EnbE Weft Indien : tEt EETEn Gods, I jlicgtingE fyner Gemcynten, EnbE faIlgf|E0t fyncr zielen: ! mitfgabcr^ tot ijtt tijtlitïi tUEluaren ban ïjzt v^dL-r- 1 landt, EnbE fgnE Fami- lie, I Door I GODEFRIDVM VDEMANS I sUcblEnaet bE^ Bj. CUansElij I tot Ziericzee | Den tweeden Druck, verbetert ende vermeerdert by den Autheur. \ lac. 3. 4. I Sict oock de Schepen , hoe-wel fy foo groot zyn , endc van harde winden | gedreven: fy worden met een feer kleyn Roer om- gewendt , waer dc be- I wcgingc des Stierders wil. | Met twee gherieffe- lijche Regifters \ TOT DORDRECHT, \ ©OOt F r a n ? o y s Bo e Is, SSaEcrfsbetlioopEt/ tuonEnbE In bE toittE l gcRcoonbE ©uyff fig 't ^tabt* gug^. I Anno 1640. | 4°. Two titles. XIX. 721. a. 57 pp. 25. COOPMANS ROER. {Engraved title.) - 'TGEESTELYCK ROER | ©sn't | COOPMANS SCHIP, | Dat is : 1 (CtOutU firricgt/ QOE bat EEn I Coopman, En Coopvaerder, gEmfelüEn btagcn moEt I In fpnE öanöclinge / in Pays, EnbE in Oorloge, UOOC Godt, EnbE de Men- I fchen , tE Water EHbC te Lande, infOnbEtgCJlt OnbEE ÖE Heydenen In Ooft- EnbE I Weft-lndiën: tEt EEtEn Godts , fticDtlngE fyner Gemcynten , enbE fallg* 1 gegbt fyncr zielen: inibtfgabEC^ tot ÖEt tijtJÖCfi toElÜaren I ban f|Et Vaderlandr, EnbE fgnE Familie. I Door I GODEFRIDUM UDEMANS, | 2ÖCbiEnacr bE^ ^. (jEtiangclij tot Ziericzee. | i^tn bEtbEn ©tucfi/ öEtöEtErt EnbE UctniEer* bEtt By tizn SCutijEur. I Sfac. 3. 4. 1 Siet oock de Schepen, hoe-wel fy foo groot zijn , ende van harde winden gedreven : fy | worden met een feer kleyn ( 72) kleyn Roer omgcwendt , waer de bewcginge des Sticrders wil. | jQSet ttoee gerieffcliJcBe Hïeeljler^. » tot Dordrecht, i J^oot Fran9oys Boeis, 25acc6*ljcr&o0pc/ tooncnbe fip 't ^tabt^öupji/ in öe | Wittt aPcfitOOnbe vï^upf. Anno 1655. 4°' Two titles, XX, 625 a. 49 (Register) pp, and 1 page additions, with the name of the printer. The Geeflelijk Roer ^ a work intended for merchants trading to the Indies, contains among other matters, the first history of the Eaft and Weft India Companies, with other very interefting discourfes on the fame matter and principally about fpreading Christianity among the natives of the Eaft and Weft Indies. In the ist ed. pp. 58—183. cfi^ ed. pp. 92—319, 3rd ed. pp.92 — 319. The 4tJ> book treats this matter very cxtenfively. Befides the well known works of van Me teren, de L a e t, etc. the author feems to have made ufe of materials which are loft to us. His history is however written with but little precifion ; — the ftyle is heavy and pedantic, and the matter arranged in a way that betrays the inexperienced historian. General views are entirely wanting; but what renders this history curious is , that it is the firft we pofsess, and that it contains details to be found nowhere elfe. To this may be added the merit of rarity, which Ude- m a n's work pofsefses to a high degree. Of the firft edition we have feen but two or three ; of the laft but one or two copies. The fecond edition, though alfo very rare, is however not fo much fo as the two others. C 73 J 2. WRITINGS of IFJLLEM USSELINCX. Of all the men who , without the advantage of an official pofltion , have taken an active part in ftate affairs and earned for themfelves an honour- able place in the history of nations, perhaps none can be compared to Willem Ufselincx. As founder of two commercial companies , he not only gave arms to his pcrfecutcd fellow countrymen — contributed more than any power to anniliilate Spain — brought to America the nation in which the principle of free communities (the vital principle of American liberty) was carried out to its full extent — made Sweden a maritime po- wer; — he not only did all this, but he alfo, by the fuccefs of hisenter- prife, contributed in 1Ö29 to favc Holland from the Spanish yoke, — an act fo vaft in its confcqucnccs that for that alone he deferves the eternal gra- titude of all Germanic Europe. And yet the life of U f s e 1 i n c x is to this day untold; notwithstanding he lived in an age when the biography of every great merchant, of every minifter was recorded by men of talent. The few inquiries which have been made into his history, do not even give us the year of his birth; — as to his death we know fo litile of it, that, should we fome day meet him alive and well we sliould hardly have reafon to be aQonished at anything more than his great age. All that Mr. Berg van D ufsen has written on Ufse- lincx does not fill three pages, and yet Mr. Berg has been called his eloquent apoIot;ift. Mr. Brodhead has followed the fame road, but omitted inftead of adding ; while what Netfcher has added, though very interefling , is but very little. All thefe accounts put together give us no idea either of his focial polition o;- of his family relations ; — his iden- tity, his perfon, entirely escapes us; and if we ask the above-named hiflo- rians : Who was Ufselincx? they reply like the index of a book. He was a Braband merchant redding in Zealand. We are however convinced, and upon good grounds, that fo far from even the moft ordinary fourcis having been exhausted , no one has as yet thought of making proper refearches; and although without the lead trou- ble we might add feveral important notices to what has been already given, yet we will not do things by halves. At the fame time it does not enter into the plan of this book to introduce a biography of fome hundreds of pages, for the greater par: taken from MS. documents. K But ( 74 ) But there is another fact, which is beyond all doubt, viz., that the writings of this great man are ftill more unknown than the particulars of his perfonal hiftory, although the former (in part at lead) are to be fouud in almoft every public library in this country. In justice to Mr. Berg van Dufsen however, we mud obferve that he has here done al- mod all that Bibliography can expect from him , — he gives alnioft all the titles of U f s e 1 i n ex's books. And if in imitation of B r u n e t, and of all who have occupied themfelves with pure and Omple Bibliography , from the commencement of our work we had merely confined ourfelves to giving the exact titles of the different works , we should have but to add a few lines to Mr. B e r g's lift. But having feen from the very firft how fuperfluous fuch a labour would have been , we only do what we have always propofed to do, in giving fome notion of the books themfelves. We believe it nccefsary to prcmife thefe obfervations, left it should be thought that the defire of fulfilling an agreeable duty had led us beyond the prescribed bounds. For that it is a work of pleafure we have under- taken no one will doubt who has attentively read the works of which wc are about to fpeak. It is true one is never astonished at feeing a great man great in everything , but one is astonished at feeing fuch books as Ufselincx has written. They are models of precifion and ofreafoning, clear and concife, the ftyle Ample and popular, the plan plainly laid down and well followed out. The conviction they carry to our minds, after the lapfe of two centuries and a half, proves what mull: have been the effect they produced during the ftruggle itfelf. Nor muft one think that the writings of a. man , who to fo many other virtues joined a perfeverance fo Angular, always addrefses us on one • and the fame fub- ject; they on the contrary teem with the moft varied information, and pos- fefs an historical importance of the firft order. In the following pages we are not about to take upon us the task of discovering what books Ufselincx published anonymously or under a pseudonym; although there is but little doubt but that feveral publications of the years 1620 and 1644 may be fafely ascribed to him. We shall merely confine ourfelves to thofe to which he has affixed his name. The Grondigh Discours and the Bedencksttghe are the fame book under a different title. That the Bedenckinghe, Naerder Bedenckinge and Vertoogh are of the fame hand , is faid and repeated feveral times by the author of the Vertoogh i and in the patent of 1616 Ufselincx hirafelf acknowledges the Vertoogh as his own. This last work , as alfo thofe of which we are about to fpeak , bear the author's name on the title page. The three pamphlets of 1608 form a feries which cannot be feparated ; and ( 75 ; and to underftand the laft, one mufl: have read the first and fecond. But when endeavouring to give fome idea of what they are and at what they aim, we cannot follow the fimple plan which the nature of things would feem to indicate, viz., to give firftly the contents of the firft, then of the fecond and then of the third. For though the plan on which they are bafed is very fimple, yet in order to underftand them we muft be acquainted with fcveral things, perfectly well known to the contemporaries of the author, but now forgotten by the nations and almoft uninveftigated by the learned. The events of which we are about to fpeak are among fuch as by their very nature were deftined to remain almoft for ever hidden. A clafs of men who have no living reprefentatives that can boaft of being descended from them, and who have executed their great actions under the name of thofe who have furrounded and who furvive them , is fare to bequeath them the halo of a merit to which they can lay no claim. And if party hatred, or political or scientific ambition does not bring hidden or forgotten deeds to light , they remain unknown to all eternity. The Belgian emigrants who left Belgium during the war with Philip, and were fpread over all Europe, form fuch a clafs. Their country, now the fanctuary of the Jefuits , is indebted to the greateft German poets for the remembrance of its heroes of the i6''> Century. The beautiful and melan- choly ftory of Eg m on t, has not yet found a place among the- people as have the legends of St. Genevieve and of St. G u d u 1 e. Abroad they took what the Belgians had brought; they permitted them a great influence but the refults of their efforts have become the property of the nations that have given them hospitality. Though, by obferving with minute attention the political and commer- cial history of thcfc times, we might fucceed in everywhere tracing with diftinctnefs and precifion, where and how the emigrant Belgians have exer- cifed their influence, yet, for most of the countries to which they reti- red, this would be a very difficult study; for Holland it is not so. Before the revolt against Philip, Belgium was the most flourishing country in Europe. Her great cities had affronted the greatest warriors and the most powerful monarchs of the isth and i6ih centuries, the Dukes of Burgundy and the Kings of Spain. Their cities were the ftaple places for the whole known world ; their workmen were the cleverest in Europe— They had a fine navy and a very great number of entcrprifing and expe- rienced merchants. At the fame period Holland was of fo little confequence, that, during the first years of the war of independance , the Spaniards were able to make K 2 most ( 76) most of the European powers believe that they had only to do with pi- rates and fishermen. The national character of the Dutch is not that of a people that creates. Their architectural conftructions , though not devoid of beauty, have all the fame impofing and fcvere type , to whatever age they may belong. Their painters, with the exception of fome few of about the end of the 17th century, were only great as faithful copiers of nature. In fcience , though they have made discoveries of the laft importance, they have merely followed, with the greateft intelligence, with a fevere logic and an uncon- querable zeal, in the fteps of men who have not always pofsefsed the fame merits. Their manner of attack in the great naval battles was always the fame ; — in politics and in commerce they have hardly yet deviated from the line laid down in the 171'! century. If we obferve the facts well, we shall find that what has given fo great a place to the Dutch in history, — their commerce, their colonies , the grand idea of fo fmall a nation, of following the plan of Hannibal and of S c i p i o, and of becoming the aggrefsor inftead of the defender, — that all thefe are things entirely foreign to the nature and fpirit of their ante- rior fituation. On the other hand we shall fee that this nation has not, like other European powers , varied its type , — to-day grand by one merit, to-morrow by another, — but that it has always followed the fame road. Neither can we avoid remarking that the Belgian emigrants, in their character, in the type of their nationality, in all their ideas and ante rior occupations, had the mod direct tendency towards the line of conduct fincc purfued by the Dutch. Active and enterprifnig they were eminently fitted for becoming merchants; the mod famous chevaliers of the middle ages, they were to mark the perfevering refistance of the inhabitants of the marshes with the feal of their minds; clever artifans themfelves they were to inftruct other artifans. And there was no nation in the world, which, being ftrongly pushed on in one direction , was more furc to fuc- ceed than the Dutch. Thus therefore even appearances would lead us to fuppofe that the hifto- rical nationality óf the Dutch is the effect of the influence of the emi- grants. For if we would deny this fact we muft fuppofe that men admi« rably calculated to exercife influence had excrcifed none; that a nation but little inclined to originality had fuddenly changed its character, and that this change, by the greateft of hazards , was eflï'ected in exactly the fame feafe as the Belgians would have produced it. Befides ( 77 ) BsOdes thefc indirect proofs , we have others of which there can not be the lead doubt. We have already obferved that the men who invented and fupportcd the most genial plan this war produced, that namely of the West- India Company, were all Belgians ; that thole who fiipported , even to the last point, the execution of the teftament of ihc Middle ages, the party of Oldenbarneveld, were ftrictly fpeaking Dutchmen. — The Prince of O r a n g e (German-French) made ufe of both parties for fpecial ends. — And this oppofition of ancient and modern principles we everywhere find in the hiftory of thcfe times, everywhere reprcfentcd by the Arminian and the Gomarian parties, or, in other words, by the Dutch party and the Belgian party. Should all this not be sufficient we pofscfs proofs ftill more evident ; — thefe proofs are the political writings of the year 1608. Among the reafons produced by the Arminian party againft the peace and in favour of the truce was the following : If we conclude a peace which infurcs to the Belgian emi- grants a triumphal return to their country and the free exercife of their religion in Belgium , we sacrifice the welfare of Holland by letting thofe depart who have created it ; whereas by preventing them from obtaining this benefit, and by retarding this prospect by a truce of twelve years, we keep them in the United Provinces. This profesfion of faith reveals two things, — the real influence of 'he Belgians and the bafenefs of the Dutch of thofe times , who even preferred being very modest to being a little generous. It was to combat this pofition taken up by the Armenian party that the two first publications of Ufselincx were directed. He divides the queftion into two parts: " That by peace and the return of the emigrants into their country commerce would alfo retire to Belgium ;" " That the emigrants would return with all they had created , — fac- tories , dockyards," etc. There is a real difference between thefe two things ; commerce is the more important by what it draws into Holland : the activity of manufac- turers and artifans by what it retains and creates. Ufselincx is however no declaimer; he fpeaks but twice, and that in Qmple terms, worthy of the vast ingratitude of men who dare to ad- vance fuch arguments. What he propofes is, to refute their reafoning; and this he does as follows. He tells us, as a thing that every one knows, that in fpite of the reü- dence of the emigrants, commerce already begins to fly the ports of Hol- land. He proves that the artificial meafures which it is wished should be K 3 em- ( 78 ) employed to bring it back by force will be altogether unsuccelsful ; that if by a treaty, the Schelde should be clofed to the Belgians, as was ge- nerally propofed , commerce would be carried to the ports of France and of the Baltic, while all the lofs would fall upon Zealand and South Hol- land. The truce , inftead of diminishing the movement already began to the detriment of Holland , will only accelerate it. It is only the hope of the truce which has already brought back again to Belgium fo much of its ancient commerce and fuch a number of perfons whom the fear of war had driven away, that hardly any lodgings are to be had at Antwerp. Ufse- lincx here shows with much talent the natural advantages which Antwerp pofsefses above the Dutch ports, and proves that, left to their natural influence as they would be during the truce, they would not fail to destroy the Dutch commerce entirely , which only offers advantages to drangers during the troubles which destroy the fecurity of the Antwerp commerce ; — war therefore muft be continued. In order to arrive at this concluüon U f s e 1 i n c x examines, one by ' one, the different advantages on account of which , according to the opi- nions of his times, the ports of Holland were diftinguished. This exami- nation , like that on the fituation of Antwerp , occupies a good part of his book , and is among the most important fources for the commercial his- tory of the 17th century. Among the other advantages which he attributes to Antwerp, Ufse- lincx ennumerates the then pofition of the Belgian emigrants, disperfed over the different countries of Europe. This fituation is sketched with fuperior talent and with fo much the more knowledge of matters as Uf se- ll n ex himfelf was among the number of thefe emigrants. On all thefe fubjects , and on very many others, Ufselincx forms the conclufion that, inftead of drawing commerce back to Holland, the truce will only drive it more and more away. With respect to the forced refidence of the emigrants, he fays: Though it is certainly good that in a time of profperity clever workmen should come to augment the welfare of a country by their labour, yet it is very different if the way for exports are obftinately clofed. Then the products remain in the country for want of a market , and the producers become very dangerous fubjects. In the prefent cafe this danger is augmented by the fituation of the emigrants. Having always obferved the grcateft fidelity towards the Dutch, they have the fuUeft right to their gratitude, and would never quietly bear the immenfe wrong done to them by refufing them a peaceful and honourable return to their country, and keeping them in a foreign land by the wickedeft rufe. In (.79 ) In his indignation, and under pretext of showing the danger, Ufs e- lincx goes fo far as to advife the Archduke and the King of France how to draw into theircountries the commerce which the Dutch wish to monopolise. This advice is to diminish the import duties. In examining the two firft of U f s e 1 i n c x's works we have been obli- ged to deftroy the whole of his ingenious plan and the beauty of hisreafon- ing and his conclulions. For in his works everything is fo united and fo clofe , that if one would give a real idea of them it could only be done by reproducing them entirely. What we have done is merely to draw the attention of the learned to fome important points on which they will in vain feck for information elfewhere. The connection between thefe two books is however, that the firft con- tains the dcduccions both of the plan and of the work ; the fecond is merely a commentary on the first on a fomewhat broader fcale. The latter, while giving a mafs of curious details, purfues the fame plan as the firft, viz., that of showing the folly of wishing to preferve prosperity by force , in keeping the unfortunate emigrants in the country. The ftrongeft polition that this book adds to thofe of its predecefsor is, that the emigrants on returning to their country will be a much greater furety for the prosperity of Holland , than in ferving the interefts of the Northern Provinces againft their will. The Spaniards would certainly not dare to take any meafurcs hoftile to the Dutch, if a population, having reafons of gratitude towards them , were distributed through the cities and fortified towns of the Spanish provinces. Thefe two books feem to have been written towards the commencement of the pacific movement. Though we have the moft decifive proofs that their influence was confidered as important by their opponents , yet they did not obtain what they demanded , and that fimply becaufe , for the other party, the truce was a queftion of life and death , and in which the interest of retaining the emigrants, the interests of commerce, of industry, of religion itfelf , were mere pretexts; a question in fact concerning the independant existence of the Dutch and the authority of their foreign allies the Belgians and of the Houfe of Orange. The l^ertoogli belongs to a more recent period of thefe tranfactions. The peace which was to guarantee the interests of the emigrants and the war to the Knife have been given up; but a fingle demand is made, viz., that the refervation of the commerce with America should be made in the truce. Advocates in lefs disfavour had already made a fimilar demand for that work ofOldenbarheveld, the East India Company. Are we as- tonished at Ufs el in ex's works being in general fo little known and appreciated , we arc more especially fo at this being the cafe with the Fer. ( 80 ) F'ertoogh , for it is here , more than anywhere clfc, that the author has ex- plained his views with regard to commerce with America. We will give the mofl: üriking points of this treaty, though we can hardly perfuade our- felvcs thus to disfifiure fo beautiful a work. 1. However dcQrable the East India commerce may be , it can meet with fuch a number of reproaches that badly intentioned pcrfons may fuccecd in caufing it to be abandoned. 2. As tliis is above all occafioncd by the articles of the truce which concern the East Indies, we must obferve that thefe fame articles oppofe nothing to the commerce with America ; for though excluded from the places occupied by Spain, and thus renouncing all the trade just commen- ced wiih America and which merely extended to Cuba and Margarita, yet all the rest of America remained open to the Dutch. 3. Choofiiig Brafil for his example, Ufselincx proves that the real advantage of America does not consist in the gold and filvcr brought thence , but in its corn. 4. To obtain 'this corn trade and to introduce the Dutch manufactures, colonies should be planted. 5. Nor need taere be any fear of depopulating Holland. For what is to be done in tbefe new countries the Germans, Danes and Eastern na- tions (Sclavonians) are better fiiited , and as thofe people for the most part live in indigence it would be eafy to perfuade them to emigrate to America. 6. Neither must it be faid that flave labour is preferable to that of free men. To conclude our extracts we will add Ufselincx's own words, which will give a good idea of his manner of writing: 35at men mcpnt oat tt ^paigniaert^ met Dare flaucn y^ofijtcïicliifE fouöen arDcyben al^ Iuli/ tfelue ip odc mifueritant/ luant menfcut gcmccnlicfi/ bat met ongcluiUigc Ijoiibcn guact fj^fcn üangen i^/ en bat ongclulfiigcn aerOeyt fluaet tialt: bat boldi acbeut fa lange atp ben tlocftojj ben ruggc i^: %\ luatfgboenil fonbec mbn^tne/ aiicg boenbe ai^ onüernnftige bieccn met gcooten arlicyt. Cen man Ua öefcn lanbe fai meet luetcft^ afleggDen al^ b^n ^lucrtcn/ bie gcoat gelt coflin: eli al^ fy eenigen ontoillige cnjg&cn/ fo tiergeue fy gaec feUten oft jlerucn ban Donsct am gaec JSec|lcr^ fytjt te bac/ luant tucrcn anbcr^ geetic mtbbd om Ijaei tc lu^elien ban batfc Ijacc ongcnabige «ïBcctïcr^ foo boen öaet ggeit Ucriiefen / cnbe aïfa toa^t bkftmacig pemanbt bie boo^ tieelflatientijtffig^/ m cD^tcn tijt arm ' aiö bacr flerftc onbcr camt. Sllfmen gqüi infict be graotc fcljattingen enbe onco|len bie be J^ortngifen th ^paignaert^ IjcDDen int gaen enbe ( 8i j en comen / fo fal men moeten üefiennë bat luy croote bagölooticn göcuentre/ «oc8 meer üoo^bcel^ fallen boen alg fp/ al gabbcn fu be flaucn enbe bc monts: coflcn om niet. "It is alfo a miftake to fuppose that becaufe the Spaniards have Qaves, they obtain more profit from their labour than we should do. The proverb says: it's difficult to catch hares with unwilling dogs, and: unwilling labour is difficult. Slaves only work as long as they feel the lash. What- ever they do is without industry, acting like irrational animals with great labour. One man from this country will do more in a week than five blacks who cost much money. And then again should they be un- willing they either poison themfelves , or die of hunger in order to spite their matter, not knowing any other manner to revenge themfelves than to make their unmerciful maflers lofe their money. Indeed it frequently happens that a man who is rich in flaves foon becomes poor if a mortal- ity begins among them. If we alfo take into confideration the great treafures and expenses the Portuguefe and Spaniards have in going and coming , wc shall be obliged to confess that even in giving large wages, we shall obtain greater profit than they , if even they had their flaves and proviGons for nothing." Thefe three important publications, and the Grondigh Discours^ are to be found in a very curious collection entitled the 5;ie*or/ (Beehive) contain- ing , befides about thirty others, the three pamphlets mentioned by Mr. Berg as written in favour of the East India Company. The plan of this collection is curious and original, and shows to what ftate of development the book trade had then arrived. A bookfeller has thought , as he tells us , of reprinting all that has been published upon (in reality all that has been published against) the truce with Spain. Thefe books may alfo be had feparately; and to make known the price, the publisher has given a dialogue between a Fleming and a Dutchman in which the former purcha- fes from the latter, at given prices, all the treatifes in the volume. This introduction, called NederJandfchen Byekorf (probably in imitation of P. van M a r n i x's Roomfche Byekorf) ferves therefore as the bookfellei's catalogue and as an index of the book, while at the fame time the pos- fessor is advifed to have it bound before the collection of treatifes. We know two editions of this book, but there may have been a great num- ber, for it is well proved that the bookfeller has reprinted the introduction to his work and alfo two of the treatifes it contains. Whether this has been done for feveral and whether or not there were collections containing feveral forts of editions , thcsysteir of arithmetical combinations shows to what extent ( 32 D the variety of editions may be extended. Unfortunately I did not read the Byekorf (that is to fay the introduction) till too late, and it was only then that I perceived the nature of the collection , the difTerent parts of which I had always regarded as feparate works. Befldes, the entire work is never met with among the collections of pamphlets The copy made ufe of for this work had been collected by an amateur of the iGth century, and contains all the pamphlets mentioned in the moll complete edition of the title and preface. The intereft excited by this publication muft have been immenfe , for the efsays it contains were for the greater part only published in 1618 , and during the fame year this book was forbidden by the States General ; three editions had neverthelefs appeared. The official printer of the States General afterwards published an expur- gated edition of the Byekorf, containing but a few pieces on the treachery of the Spaniards and on the commercial treaties of the Eaft Indies, pub- lished in the intereft of the party that defired the truce. All the works ofUfselincx have fallen under the knife of the literary executioner. The Octroy ofte Privilegie (1627) ought ftill more to augment our efteem for the talented writer. After more than ten years of exile he ftill thinks and fpeaks as on the day when he quitted his dear country; fweet liberty, fays he, without whom even Death itfclf is sweeter than life. His thoughts are of his loft country while he is writing his book , and as in 1608 he wrote three mafterly works in favour of his countrymen, so it is to them that he dedicates this new publication. The dedication is very long, and is an excellent hiftorical fource for us. It tells us that even in 1625 the emigrant Belgians enjoyed the distin- guished pofition they had obtained from the very commencement of the ftruggle ; that it is they who ftill lead the troops to battle , who ftill in- ftruct the artifans , who direct commerce and navigation. Here too we learn the fecret of the averfion they infpired the Dutch. They kept themfelves apart and did not even marry with the inhabitants of the country in which they resided. And we muft not be furprifed if we fee a clafs which feems to have no external rights to distinction, whofe fervices and whofe merits have been forgotten with all that facility which nations in Gmilar circumftances pofsess, we muft not be furprifed, I say, should we fee fuch a clafs diftinguish itfelf by its riches, by an extra- ordinary zeal for religion, by irreproachable manners , neither muft we be furprifed if the eftrangement they have infpired changes into a certain mute respect which takes the external form of disdain and contempt. The efsay which accompanies the patent, is a very complicated document and too extended to allow of extracts , or even of an attempt to give an ides ( 83 ) idea of it without filling up too great a number of pages. The points of view of his times Ufselincx shows up and corrects with much talent. He here proves the utility that even Sweden might draw from a distant commerce. We ought therefore, before being able to give an over- fight of all this, begin by a treaty on the ideas of political economy of the times; for without that even thcfe extracts would lead to nothing. This work, though, had it been the only one U f s e 1 i u c x' had left us, it would have given us a great idea of of his talents, is yet far from being equal to his productions of 1608. On comparing the two the latter shows us the old man. This reproach may be addrcfsed with ftill more justice to the appendix of the prcfent work, its mod important part, and in which Ufselincx not only tells us that he is the author of the l^ertoogh, but adds fomc pre- cious details on his own life. One of thefe events it appears has not been noticed by any compiler fince U d e m a n s, who is the only one who tells us that Ufselincx has not been in America, but that he lived for fcve- ral years in the Azores. The whole of this work bears evident marks of its being the production of an old man With a pleafure peculiar to old people he fondly dwells on his former endeavours to carry out his favour- ite plan ; with an old man's grief he fpeaks of Oldenbarneveld and of the oppofition he met with in Holland and in Zealand, and of the hun- dred or more memorials prcfented to the States General. The plan, the true plan which was at laft to conquer all difficulties and draw treafures into the treafury of the Company, he kept and would keep as his most profound fecret. All this is faid with a certain tediousnefs and length of phrase that forms a forrowful contrail to the Ufselincx of 1608. It would however be wrong not to confider this work as a very important historical document. Even the facts it contains on the life of Ufselincx have not all been given by Mr, Berg, the only modern author who has made u,fe of it. We must not forget to fpeak alfo of two little efsays interlaced in the in- troductions. The one is an ethical and commercial defcription of the Kingdom of Sweden, written with a view of inducing the emigrant Bel gians to repair to that country. The other is a memorial in which Ufse- lincx endeavours to prove that had his ideas been followed out, either Brazil would not have been taken or it would have been maintained. In the German collection , the Argonautica Gustaveana , published as it appears by Ufselincx himfelf in 1633 » are to be found: I. Patent of Axel Oxenftiern, addrefsed to thcGermans on the South Company. L 3 2' ( 84 ) 2. An extract from Ufselincx's efsay appended to rhe Dutch edition of the Patent. 3. Patent of the South Company. 4. Amplification of the Patent in favour of the Germans. 5—7. Manifest of Gustavus Adolphus, with an explanation and appendices A. B. C. (TIfts contains Ufselincx's Dutch addrefs to his Compatriots, with a German tranflation, done by himfelf, of everything elfe that accompanies the Dutch edition of the Patent.) 8. Mercurius Germanite (Addrefs to the Germans to perfuade them to take part in the enterprlfe.) 9, Inftruction on what is to be done to obtain fubscriptions to the amount of the capital. ID. Appendices D— L. The official documents (N"*. 1, 4, 9) which are here added to what the Dutch edition of the Patent contains , are of no great importance. They only extend to the Germans what was at firft granted to other nations , and contain the dispofuion necefsary to enable them to make ufe of the favour. The extract under No. 2 , is nothing but an extract , and that a very meager one , from the efsays of U f s e 1 i n c x which follow the Patent. Of No*. 5—7 we have already fpoken. N". 8 is a German publication of U f s e 1 i n c x's in which he recom- mends the Germans to take a share in the Company. Though inferior to the works of 1608, this addrefs is very well conceived and admirably ful- fils the purpofe propofed, — that of inftructing the inhabitants of Germany on the advantages of American commerce. Ufselincx underftands per- fectly well the views of thofe he addrefses and the prejudices he combats. What moft aftonishes us is the great acquaintance with the fituation of Ger- many which this work displays. We cannot however attempt giving an idea of it here; it is a voluminous document, embracing 50 folio pages of M a r c q ua r d's edition, all filled with details. The purpofe of the work, as we have already faid , is to encourage the Germans to join their efforts to thofe of Sweden in order to fet the Company on foot. N". lo of the German collection , is the moft remarkable of all , as N°. 7 is of the two Dutch editions. It gives a review of the fteps taken by ufselincx after the victory of P i et H e y n, to induce the States Gene- ral at last to reward him for his fervices. The States refer him to the Company, the Company to the -States. Al- moft the whole of this review is compofed of documents cither fent to U fs e- ( 85 ) Ufselincx or- fent by him. One of thefe is very long and fills up the greater part. It is a very detailed account of the fervices rendered by Ufselincx, written with all the good fense , preciflon and emphafis which diftinguish the beft things of our author. As an hiftorical fource this document is incftimable. It has not however as yet been madeufeof by any hiftorian. The fame appendix contains befldes this , four pieces of very great im- portance in a bibliographic point of view. Thefe are, three little pamphlets, all printed in April 1633 by Kraufe at Heylbrunn, (perhaps however it is but one pamphlet) and the Patent ofGustavus Adolphus, once more trandated "Stockholm, printed by M e u r e r 1626." As far as we know thefe arc the only remains of the exiflcnce of thefe pamphlets, which arc now neither rare nor unique, but abfolutely and totally loft. We have made our notes on the ^rgonautica from the edition of M a r- q u a r d , which , as we may conclude from the other documents reprinted in this collection, is probably exact. As for the original, we believe that it cxifts , and that there is even an edition in America , but we cannot be certain of it. Between the appearance of the Dutch edition of the Patent and the Ger- man one, was printed, at Middelburgh the fFaerfchouwinge over de Treve , of which we know two editions. This work , though well written , throws but little light on the life of Ufselincx or on the hiftory of America. The few notices we can gather from it relating to the latter, should be brought into connection with the voluminous literature on the fame fubject, in order to be duly appreciated. Let us conclude thefe notices on the writings of U f s c 1 i n c x with the hope that it may be believed that what we have faid, without being either falfe or exaggerated, only touches but too lightly on a fubject fo impor- tant. What we above all dcfire is , that N<»s. 7 and 10 of the Argonautica may foon be tranflatcd and published in America. We should ourfelves have rendered this fervice to American history had we not been deterred by the continually increafing extent of our Bibliography. 26. IBtw jgcöedanbtfcöEn | bye-korF:| w^tt in | big^t I OeSCÜCn enbe UCCleenb i^/ I Mitsgaders een naerder Bericht over 't felve I Octroy ende Verdragh-brief 1 bOOr | WILLEM VSSELINCX. | In 's GRAVENHAGE , By A e re M e u ri s , Boeckverkooper in de Papeftraacjin den Bybel , anno 1627. 4°. (^Patent ( 93 ) [Patent, or Privilege graciously granted to the newSouth Company in the Kingdom of Sweden , by the mofl Illustrious and Powerful Prince and Lord, Gusfiavus Adolphus, King of the Snedes, Goths and If ''ends. Grand prince in Finland , Duke of Chejlen and Garden , Lord of In- germanland , etc. Together with a Further ylccount of the fame Patent and Letter of Agreement , by ffilliam Ufselincx.) 42. lOHANNIS MAR 1 QUARDI I. Cti. [ de | lURE MERCA | TORUM ET | COMMERCIORUM. \ Singular! | Libri IV | Francofiirti. i Impenfis | Thomse Matthiie | Götzij. | Cum Privi: S. C MaiJ: \ {engraved title). — TRACTATUS 1 POLITICO-JURIDICUS I DE | lURE R1ERCAT0- | RUM ET COMMERCIO- 1 RUM SINGULARI, I IN Q^O | Ex lure Divino, Pu- blico, et Privato , Communi, Ci- I vili , Canonico, Fcudali , Saxonico, ncc non variorum Juris Intcrpretum | Commentariis ac Confiliis , di- verQs Imperii Romano-Gcrmanici, Regnorumquc Francije, | Hispaniae, LuQtaniK, Italiae, Angliae, Scoriae, Daniffi, Sueci», Poloniae, Mofcoviae, Persia;, Vene- I tae, Belgii, Hanfcaticarum et aliarum Rcrumpubl. Duca- tuum, Civitatum Conftitutionibus , | Ordinationibus , Statutis mnnicipa- libus, Moribus, Privilegiis, Pactis, Contractibus, utet Piii- | lofophorum, et Hiftoricorum Clairicoruni axiomatibus, exemplis atquc monitis Po- liticis, I Jura Commerciorum Singularia, IV. Libris, fecundCim tria Juris objecta fumma- I tim collecta , expofita et illuflrata funt. | Accefferunt in fine Tractatus \ Ipfa Privilegiorum , Conflitutionum , Statutorum , Pac- torum, fife. Exemplaria f peculiari defigna- \ tione j'u.vta feriem Alphabet! , fummis vigiUis atq. impenfis, in gratiam Lectoris , paffim con- \ qiiijita, partimverhnunquampublicèvifa. \ AFTHORE | lOHANNE MARQVARDO, ICto 1 Cum Privilcgio Sac. Casf. Majcft. I FRANCOFFRTI, | Ex Officin:i Thom.e Mattiii.t: Götzii, | ANNO M DC LXII. fol. (^Politico-Juridical treatife on Commercial Law, in which are expofed in IV books the juridical principles and maxims of trade according to the Divine, Public, Private, Common, Civil, Canonical, Teutonic and Saxon laws i and according to the commentaries of various learned men and with the regulations of the German empire, the Kingdoms of France, Spam, Portugal, Italy, England, Scotland, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Rusfia, Perfia, Venice, Holland, and the Hanfeatic towns. To which are added the original Privileges, Confiitutions , Statutes, Documents , etc. with a copious Alphabetical index. Vol. I. XIV, 572 PP- Vol. II. IV, 744 pp. 43. Lir. M.| ARGONAUTICAGUSTAVIANA. | ^é jfï/ \ D^Ot^tVCHbtgC M 3 (rO C 94 ) So i>on bcm 9Sci)(rtnb ^CacrburdiIcucfcttf^fTcn ©ro^mac()tti3(Tcn unb I ©ic3rcicftcf!cnSmfcniinb^cmt/^pm'n GUSTAVO adol- PHo MAGNo, 1 bcr (^cfen^cbcn ©ot^m itnb Qi'cnbcn ^cnt(j' ©rop^urflcn tn Sfnntmib/ S^mo(^cn ju clcfcc fic()fn ©. ^. 9)?.^rcunbfc()(^|ft/ devotion, ober Q5cr6unbnué BcBcBcn/ 1 unb fid) bicfci^ ö^'ï^lfcn 'i^ortficif^/ 6ci) fö f?c^ttlid)ct* ©ctCj^cnticit/ (jémudKU n^olfcn ju uncr^ mep' ! Itcï)cm 97u6 unb Si'«?»'iii^<^»/ ^«^ jvonfoficfccr 9}?t(bi(^' feit/ 3uncti3un3 unb ©nabc/ mftgct^cfkt | worbcn : Unb mit bcm forbci'ltc^jlcn/ i^crmfttcl^ f^nabf^ci'^crtcifjtuig bc^ Zita'^ | ^ed)jTcn/ foitöcfcfict unb ^oiU^ ju QBcrcf (^crfc^tct ivcrbcn foI(: I ;Dkimu^ bcnn cin jcbtvcbcr tlmh / öninb(tcï)cn/ unb jti fcincm Q3c5uff 1 fntfamcn Q5cric()t unb '2!Bf|7cnfd)rtfft btcfcj? l;od)wid)tt(jcn QScrcf^ ctnncï)mcn/ unb 1 n?tc hciffdk nid)t aMn nn fid) fM fcnbcrn (^«ct) btcfc^ Ovtf)ê (Sf)rifT(tcf)/ ^ocf)i'uf)mItd)/ vccfet^ I maiTta unb ^od)nu(?lid) nucf) ï^mcttcicr. ïicf) unb ofinc öro|7c difficuitetcn | fep/ jur ©nuöc mf e^en ^an/ 1 XXiUv mi) ju3(cic() ijcvnunffttö erad)tcn unb crmcfTcn nw^: £)0 t6me I unb ben fcmtöcn/ mê (Bwnbc^ ober condition er tmmer fet)n mpcf)te biefe^ ^tcmft i itjme an^civiefcncn ^cxfyiknê/ jmfc^cn bicfcm unb bem/ ^dtcBt^ ©£)tt/ nad)fïfommcnben I 97cuen yi)ïé%m/ burcf) (^tnfcbrei^uni? fetnc^ ncii)mmê unb etner ki cémiU/fidj t^ctl^rtiftt^ JU \md)m v.n- ^obtefn/ 1 3m 3rt()r^rn'i|Tt 1633. Menie junio. | ^')iit hct (Si'on ecftwebett Srei^^ett. l {Argonautica Gttstaviana ; that is : Necesfary information on the new navigation and commerce, which the Late very mighty and victorious prince Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden etc. in his high wisdom , founded some years ago by the establishment of a General Mercantile Company; now communicated to the Evangelical German nation and «J- pecially to thofe who feek the alliance of the crown of Sweden and will in the fame time avail themselves of this mofl favourable opportu- nity , now offered them by the fpecial favour of His Swedish Majesty: whence everyone may gather fufficient information , at once thorough and fat is factory and fufficient for his piirpofes as to what concerns this highly important injlitution ; and may fee that it is feafable , reafon- able and without very great difficulties , and that he may reafonable weigh in his mind, whether, in purpose to better his pofition in life it will be good for him, to take a part in the above mentioned new en- terprife , by inscribing , in the courfe of the year to elapfe between the now approaching and the next following new-year^s-day, his name and a certain fum of money on the lifts of the company. As to the feveral documents relating to this affair to be found in this volume the following pages will fhow. [^Kings I. Ch. 9.] And Solomon made a navy offhips in Erron-geber, which is beftde Eloth, on the fhore of the Red Sea^inthe land of Edom. And Hiram the King of Tyre fent in the navy his ser- vants, fhipmen that had knowleifge of the fea^ with the fervants of So- lomon. And they came to Ophir , and fetched from thence gold, four hundred and twenty talents, and brought it to King Solomon.) M a r q u a r d II, p. 373—540. 44 Lit N. I jturtjev (5:vtmct ber vornemfTen j ^(lupt^^uncten / fo 6i^§ei* iveifli^ufftiij unb önnib^ j ltd) emn'efen/ nnb nocbmn^f^/ tebemtminiv3(tc() immo | bcvfpred)(fd) fur Znc^cn (^ejïelfet fotfen werben ( 96 ) tvci'bcit I ^n (5^cï)cn bet* ncucn ©ubc^(Sompa3ntc. | ©cbrucft ^üfy\)lh\'mmk\) (if)nftOpf) ^Ymfmf | Anno 2633. Menf.AprUi, j (/f Short Extract of the principal points , //;«; have been already proved thoroughly and at large and -which shall now again be demon- ftrated atid put before the eyes of every one, concerning the new South Company.) M a r q u a rd II, p. 541—54-- 45. INSTRUCTION [ obct* HwUxtixn^'. \ '^clcfxr ©cf?aft bi'c (^tm scfcfjiiun^ ! jukrncum eubci-'CSompa.cjm'c/ burc^ êcjtt^cbm | unbnunmcf)rfluc^'^cutfc^(mib5«kforbcrn/ «nb mhU I ^nb junc^mmibcrfctücncïticf) mftcfic|ïcmcitt2(n' I fmt^ ^umncjcn. | ècbrucft SU i^ci;ï^t«nn U\j €^H|ïop5^mufcn. | 1633. Menfc Apriii. llnftruction or advice in what manner the fubfcription for the new South Company may be advanced by Sweden ; and now alfo by Ger- many; fo that it may soon begin to operate.") Marquard II, p. 54- — 545« 4Ó. A. 1 OCTROY I Unb I PRIVILEGIUM j 80 Uï %{UXWXC%m<:f)t\^* ttöfïc/ ©rcpmacfettöflc | gur|! «nb S)m/ fyxx | gustavus ADOLPHus, I ^a ecf)n^ckn/ ©ot^cn «nb 'SlVnbcn ^onfg/ ©top* I Smf tn ^xwwimh/ -Ocrfjog ?u (^r)c|?cn «nb (Sai'ckiv | ^cn* m SttijcrnMnfanb :c. | ^cr tm Sih\\^xenei:aeï ggemaecfit. 1 in'sgraven-haghe, Byde Weduwe, en Erfgenamen van wylen Hillebrant lacoblTz van Wouw, I Ordinaris Druckers van de Ho. Mo. Heeren Staten Generael. | Anno 1629. Met Privilegie. 14". (^Reprint of No. 55.) 36 pp. 60. OCTROY, I OSji be llaogQe/.iiDogljenbe i fêeeren ^taten openetael/ berfeent aenbe I IBefl;=3inbifcBe atti= 1 ciyantcn foa fp Qaec töoos ncn/ in opcnöarcn ^cucfiluut gjjEgöcbEn/ cnbe garcïjDog'.jHaoog: öocn 1 öEijanijigcn/ tegen öe Hegieringe öanbe 2i5e- | Uiint-DeBDcren uanbc (©ojï- g[nöifcBc I Compagnie. | ojJljeöjucSt / 253 ^acoB ]pietetf5 / int 1 3[aet on^ llPEcen 1622. 1 4°. {Counter-Discourfe by fome lovers of truth and of their Country , and alfo Shareholders of the Eaft-India Company, to their High Mightinesfes the States General, on a certain Discourfe, published by fome discontented Shareholders as they show themfelves to be, published and addrefsed to their High Mightinefses againft the government of the Directors of the Eaft-India Company.) 12 pp. 82. Het geamplieerde Octroy | Fan de \ OOST-INDISCHE I COMPAGNIE , | 259 be l^oogö. JOSogö. Bjecrcn I ^tatcn cPenerael/ tot luecD-nemingctian ailc blfpu' 1 ten cnbe gne^ticn/ ben 13- JBattiJ befe^ jacr^ gearrcftecrt. | Midtfgaders : | (gene co^te ücrtljooninge tianbe nootfarielicfiöcöt I öanbe gcocttayccrbc llDe^t ^nbifcBe jSaüigatie/ fiy niib^ I bel uanbc luclcfie be btye jScberlanbtfcDe Kepubïicguc/ met a3Dbc^ 1 IjitiT^t tot be \}oouftt pror= peritcytint iluc banbe alberrgcliile luaren | banbc gcDccIc lueuelt / tot gare cnbe iict participanten üoo^bccl fyn | tc gOeraeclxen I vvacr uyt i €anp fcQucntclic faï üoigcn/ bat be boo^fs i'ïcpuDïicane t' alien tyH öcn/ (00 fal lucfen gQcgiialifïccrt/ batfc ben Caftiïiaen ter sec/ niet en fall BeDDen tc brccfen / met Hn Inelcften ban ten fefïcn eenen batlcn 1 öc|l:an? bigcn brebc tot blyfcDap banbc gantfcDe «JTfiri- 1 ftciiQcyt/ boot (öobg genabe can ficflOten lUOrbcn. I GefcUreven by forme van een Mtffiye , tot vvaerfchouvvii'ge aen alle ge \ trouwe Patriotten , om noch in tijts (^alfo de Compagnie rillicht voor May \ fal ghefloten worden') ter liefde vant Vaderlandt ende haer \ eyghen voordeel, met eene milde tekenungh, na hare gele- \ genheyt te bethoo nen. \ Ghedruckt int laer ons Heeren, 1623. (r/(e enlarged Charter of the Eaft-India-Company, refolved by their High ( 107 ) High Mightinesses on the I3lh. of March for obviating all difputes and quarrels. As alfo : A short demonflmtion of the necesfity of the char- tered Weft-India Navigation, by means of which the Free Dutch Repub- lic , with the help of God, will attain the higheft prosperity by the posfesfion of the richest merchandize in the world , to her own great profit and that of the Shareholders. Whence will consequently follow^ that the faid Republic will never fear the Castilian at fea, with whom She will then at last be able to conclude a firm and lafting peace , to the great joy of the whole Chriftian world. Written in the form of a Letter , as a warning to all true Patriots to Jhow their interest in its welfare , in that of their country and their own profit by fubfcribing liberally , while there is yet time, for the lists will probably be clofed before the month of May.) 24 pp. 33. Hlaec JDcrtaocö | öan öc fcDabciijcRc C>ircftic öcr 25ctaintf)EDtie:= 1 ren iscr UErccnjcSbc ifcour^/ 1 ©uybclijcrj cnbcRracutcIijrftbertDaoncn^ I be/ Ijoe nootluenbigö cnbe pjofntelijcR/ boo^ ben flaet banbe Xanbcn in | Dct gemeen/ enbe allerfeui inluoonbec^ in get jjarticiUiec/ fn ben boo^tgang I banbc langg^^ gljeluenfcljtc IDeil-Hnöifcïjc Couiyaignic/ cnbe met I luat bijjt enbe ernfl' elcR patriot/ na fijn bcrmogDcn/ nioct I gelpen arbcybcu/ om be felbe metten cetilen inltregn te boen D:engljen I Gefteit door een oprecht Patriot ende Liefhebber vanden \ gemeenen ■welftant. \ [Engraving , reprefenting three large and two fniall ships, with the infcription:] Weftindjen Kan fyn Nederlands groot gewin, Verkleynt ^fvijands Macht brengt silver platen in. t'amstelredam , j J|)00^ IMarten lanfz: Brnndt, SSoecFf betROOper fip bt j^ieutue MetcVf I inbe 45erefo?meerbe€aterDifmu^. 1623. [ 4°. (^Progrefs of the Weft-India Company , that is : Lively Discourfe show- ing powerfully and clearly how necefsary and profitable for the ftaie of the land in general and for many inhabitants in particular the succefs of the long expected Weft India Company is ; and with what earnestnefs and diligence every Patriot, according to his means, should P labour ( "4) labour to brin^ it about as foon as pofsible. Written by a fineert pa- triot and lover of the common weal. Weft- India can become a treafure to the ft ate Abridging the foeman''s power ^ and capturing filver-plateS) 20 pp. Each page of this very interefting Pamphlet has a heading title : Levendich Difcours, but it is a quite different book from N°. 99. loi. Fin de la Guerre. | Dialogus, Of t' ^amcn-fp^Cfilnge / | P. Scipio Africa- nus racbt tien | Koinegncn öatmen nacr Sfricam' mojl: | ttccBcn oni ^ar*- tBaga te ücficögen enbe fiEittiJben / fo Mzttt men Hannibal ugit 3|taIiEn tOilbe Jagcn. I ö* F^^I^'us Maximus raed datme niet naer Carthago tree- i ken moft, raaer datmen Hannibal in Italien met alle | macht nioft aen vallen ende daer uyt Qacn. I (©ICIlCnbe tat Ztn €j:JmpIaEr / Of Spiegel nm te öetueifê bat be Wt^- \ Sttbifcge interprinfe b'ecnigc/ enbe öejle mibbele i^/ met afleenclijcrf om be | ^pangtaccbEn upt ben jSebcrlanben te jagcn / en bcfe langbutige «j^o^Ioge I t'eijnbigen / be gcöecïc «CgaM^cnöept te fleüjcbigijen : "^t gljcp^ctcn* I beerbe ^pacnfcge JEonarcljie enöe ïjoogBmoet te Brcncïten/ I enbe te beinpen; .miaet bat baec en fioöcn nocö fix ciucq I op ben CeerUng loopt/ om be Weft-indien üoo^ | cenfianS te flrÖCficn. I ^udaces Fortuna juvat timidofque repellit. | t'AMSTERDAM, \ Ghedruckt by Paulus Aertfz. van Ravefteyn. I 4°. {The end of the War, A Dialogue or Converfation, P. Scipio Africa- nus advifed the Romans to go over to Africa to make war on Carthage and to attack it, if they wished to chafe Hannibal out of Italy. Q. Fabius Maximus advifed them not to go to Carthage but to attack Hannibal in Italy, with all pofsible power ^ and drive him thence by force of arms. Serving as an Example or Mirror to prove that the Weft Indian enter prife is the only and the beft means, not only to drive the Spaniard from the Netherlands , and to put an end to this long war, to procure peace to the whole Christian world, to wound the pride of the haughty grand Spanish monarchy i but alfo that befides there is a chance of ten to one on our gaining the Weft-Indies. — Fortune favours the bold i the timid she repels.) 44 PP' 6, WAR WITH SPAIN. 1624— 1626. (0« BRASIL.) 102. Copie I Cetil 25rfef^/ gefcDrcticn | ugt Wtff^nbitn/ inbz ï^ooft^flabtöan tJöreflIicn/ gOcnaemt | dc Todos le Sanctos, ben 23 Mcy, Anno 1Ó24. ^aat bzn gDcieerijcn 3an iliJEre ïiaii/ Bp be asroulUEtie I ban ben Iijo0*23crglj/ ben 27 SCUgU^tU^/ senna 1624. | 4-^. ifmall fol. sheet.) {Good news brought by the Tacht '•'• De F'os^' which wasfent by Gen, Jac, Wilckens from Brafil to the Directors of the Chartered Weft- India Company.) loS-lSebencn | Wacromme de Weft- | Indifche Compagnie dient te trachten het Landt van BRASILIA den Co- | ninck van Spangien te ontmach- | tigen, en dat ten eeriten. I M^efenbe ztn göcbeelte bEt pcopofitie I gö^* P a baen ( no ) öaen trout jan Andrics Mocrbceck, aen SOW ©or;» 1 flelijcBE dPfjenaije Mauritio }0rince Datt arrange/ etc. i tnbc cEniggc anöerc I^ccren a59e- rommltteecbcn üan | be l^aoglje cnbc aSroatJElogricribeilccrcn be ^tn:cn 1 (iPencracl bee J^ereenicFibe jSebeclanben / in^ a3caüen | HagQe ben 4 , 5 , enbe 6 %^til $llmia 1023. 1 t' Amsterdam 1 !ï30 «Cornell^ Xobetotjcfils ban bee ipiafge/ 25crecft*bec8oopec/ ojj beiljaecfi ban be 2Seuc^/ in ben gtaliaenfcDen 25ijöel. Sdnna 1624.14°. {Reafons , w/zjy /Atf Weft-India Company ought to try to conquer the country of Brafil from the King of Spain , and that in the firfi place. Being the firft partofthepropofition of Jan Andrew Moerbteck laid before his grace Maurice Prince ef Orange and fame delegates of their High Mightnepses the States General of the United Netherlands in the Hague, on the ^th, 5th and 6th of April 1623.) 16 pp. IOÓ. i5eg§=6oec8 ban get rijcfiei brasilien | Rio de la piata enbe Magaiia- nes, I Daer in te Oen is: | tpe sQelegentöepbt ban Sate Xanben enbe I ^teben/ ijaren öanbel enbe toanbcl/ met bel ©riicötcn enbe l^rucljtbaet^ Sept ber I ^elber: %\\t^ met coyete yla=: i ten uptgFicbeelt. I %l^ oocR I De Icfte reyse van den Heer van Dort, met | get beCOberen ban be 25ae0E De todos los I Santos, t'famen sfieftelt boor n. g, | 6DebtucBt in't 3taet Onfeg ]|eeren / SnnO \6z^. l By Jan Canin. 1 4". (^Book of travel in the rich Country of Brafil, Rio de la Plata and Magellanes ; in which is shown the fituation of the regions and of the towns; their manners and cuftoms with the fruits and fertility of the fame. The whole ornamented with copper plates. To which is added the laft journey of Mr. van Dort with the conqueft of Todos los San- tos ; collected by N. G.) 68 pp. 2 maps, three folding plates. io7.Bafuync des Oorioghs, I Ofte \ iif)acrfcöoutoingfif / ^^ be i ©eretnicöbe jgebeclanben/ bat be felbigc | in ben (j^o^loge met ben ConingD ban ^paen= l gien moeten (Continueren. I Cheftelt door een oprecht Lief-hebber der feher Landen. \ gSgeb^UCfit bOO^ Pieter Walfchaert , SfinnO 1625. | 4°- (The Trumpet of War or a demonflration to the United Netherlands that they muft continue the war againfi the King of Spain. Written by a fincere lover of thefe lands.') 24 PP- 108. C 117 ) io8. U^acracBticlj bergacl ! ©an öc gantfcBe rcijfe göebaenfla öen | cerfamEn { g[an ©irc6f5 Xam/ alp | SCömitacI üan een ©loot ^cDcpcnl uyt öe ber* eenicö&c jBcijcrlanbcn : | €n&e üoo^tp öanöe ncbe^laglje acnt ïtfafleel öe jEyna/ | oy öc Ruil: üan vj3uinca tioo^göeüaUen. | %liti göcfïelt Dp tzn looftoacröicD pcrfoon üie felfp allcp ggcficn/ | znüz met nautuc oylcttingöE öefcöccüen öeeft. I tot amster.dam, l ©ooc 3|an ban l|iltcn/ in öe 2Seuc|-|lraet inbe tluee | bcrguiöe llDapen -ringden. 1 5llnno 1626. 1 4°. {True account of the whole voyage made by honeft Jan Dircksz Lantj Admiral of a fleet from the United Netherlands. And further on the defeat near the caftle of Mina on the Coaft of Guinea, The whole com- pofed by a trufl'Worthy Perfon who was an eye-witnefs of the whole, and who has described it with exactnefs and precijton.) 16 pp. 09. DE TfFEEDE fVACHTER, | Brenghende tydinghe vande nacht, | ijat i% I Vanhet overgaen vande | BAHIA, | MET | Eenen heylfamen raedt, wac daer | over te docn ftaet. | /ere>». 3. 8. I Hoewel hare Suftcr, luda dc ver- ftockte gefien heeft, hoe | dc Heere de ongehoorfaemheyt Israels dcs af-val ligen I gheftraft heeft, ende haer verlaten, ende haer eenen j fcheyt-brief gegeven; So en vrecft hare Sufter luda de I verftockte niet, maer gaet henen ende druft oock | hocreric. I /«re»». Claech. 4. 15. ISoo datmen oock ouder de Heydcnen began te fegghen , | f y en fuUcn daer niet langhe blijven. | s'Graveniiage , I Voor Aert Meurs Boeck-vercooper , inde Pape-ftraet I inden Bybel, Anno 1625.14°. (r/»e Second fPatch-man ^ bringing news of the nighty that is: on the loft of Bahia. fVitli a falutary advice on what mufl be done there. Jercm.III. 8. Although her treacherous sifler Judah has feen how the Lord has punished and put away backfliding Israel , and given her a bill of divorce, yet her treacherous Jijler Judah feared not, but went and played the harlot alfo. Lamentations of Jeremiah IV, 15. So that they faid even among the Heathen, they shall no more fo jour n there.) 52 PP- This piece was written by Ireneus Philalethius , pseudonym for Will. Tcelinck, Reformed Minifccr at Middelburgh in Zeeland. no. PLACCAET I Cnöc oDjbonnantie banbc 1 Hogc EnbejuogtHceren^tatEn OPencrael bet I ©eccenicDbe Jï5cbcclanben/ tegenp nDecB loo^ Ipecp bieönn inblenffc ban be JlDeft-gnbtfcDe I «Homyalgnfe begeben öeüDenbe/ bet# | laajjcn/ ofte ooc in tot ban noot | Daw .:§cöEp5 betïaten. | in s'gra- VENHAGHE, | By dc Weduwe, ende Erfghenamcn van wglen Hille- i brant lacobflTz van Wouw, Ordinaris Druckcrs vande Ho: I Mo: Heeren Staten Gcnerael. Anno 1625,14°. P s {Editi ( "8) {Edict and Ordinance of their High Mightinefses, the States Geni^ ral of the United Netherlands , against thofe who defert from the Weft- India Company'' s fervice, and who run away or leave their ships in tint* •f need.') — 8 pp. 7. AMSTERDAMSCHE REQUESTEN. 1628. iii.COPIE I Van Requeften van de goede gehoorfame Bur-) geren ende Gemeente defer Stede Amftelredamme , | wenfchende onfe E. E. Hee- ren Burgemeefte- | ren, 36 Raden, geluck , heyl en faligheyd. | Placcaet gevolght op de voorgaende eerfte Re- | quefte, gepubliceert deneerften April 1628. I Requefte van de dolerende Burgeren aen deE. E.Heeren over het Publiceeren van 't Placcaet. | Requefte van de Predicanten ende Ouderlingen I der gereformeerde ghemeentc , aen de Eerfame , W^jfe, Voorfienige, seer Discrete Heeren, myn | Heeren de Burgemeefte- ren en fes-en-der- I tig Raden defer Stede Amfterdam. I Requefte vande Weft-Indifche Compaignie | over-gelevert aen fijnen Vorftelijcke Genade, Prince Frederick Hendrick van Nafsou*|wen, Prince van Oraignien. | Requefte van de Burgerde ende Nego- I tianten , ofte Koopluiden van Amfter-ldam, aen fyne Vorftelicke Genade den Prince van Oraig- nien. I ANNO M. D. C. XX VIII. I 40. QCopy of the Requeft of the good and obedient citizens and commu- nity of this city of Amfterdam^ wishing health, happinefs and falvation to our Burgomafters and to the 36 Common Counfellors , Edict published againfi thefe requefts^, April i, 1628. Requeft of the complaining citi- zens againft the publication of the Edict. Requeft of the Minifters and Elders of the Reformed Church , to the venerable , wife and very discreet, the Burgomafters and thirty Counfellors, ofthiscityofAmfter' dam. Requeft of the Weft India Company, delivered to his Grace , Prince Frederick Hendrik of Nasfau , Prince of Orange. Requeft of the Citizens and Merchants of Amfterdam , to his Ilighnefs the Prince of Orange.) 16 pp. ii2.0ndcrfoeck dcr | Sfimfterbamfclje CtCgueflen/ | Tot \ VERDEDIGINGH | Der Onfchuldighe, 1 ENDE | ONDER-RECHTINGH | 5^CC miflCUÖE I (ÖÖCDrUCBt in't aaet onp igecren/ M. DC. xxviii. | 4°. {Inveftigation of the Amfterdam Requefts. Printed for the defence of the Innocent and for the information of the Mif-led.) — 36 pp. 8. 8. PIET HEYN. 1628. 1 13. Extract uyt den Brief van den | E. Generacl PIETER PIETERSZ. HEYN I aen de Geoctroycerde Weft-Indifchc Compagnie , ghe- | fchre- ven in 't Schip Jmfterdam , ghedateerd den 26 Sep- | teraber, 1628, 140 mylen by Weften Eyland Bermuda. (1628.) 14". {Extract from the letter of the noble General P. P. lieyn to the chartered Weft India Company i written in the ship Amflirdam , dated the 26th of September lóiS, i4.omiles weftward of the I/Iand of Bermuda.) 4 PP- 114. RAPPORT I jEbflen aen gare I^a. Ma. I cnbe Mn CfccII./ üan ben «Capitcijn ^ala^ | man ll^illemfs. oticr 't betsoüeren üanbe I .^ilber=©lote Romcnbe Man nova Hif-pania, booc 't beleijt üan ütn l^eet 1 (Central Pieter Pictcrfz. Heyn. | In 's GRAVEN-HAGHE I By de Weduwe, ende Erfghenamcn van wijlen Hillc- 1 brant lacobfsz van Wouw , Ordinaris Druckers ! vande Ho. Mo: Heeren Staten Generacl. | Anno 1Ö28. | 4". (^Report made to their High Mightinefses and to his Excellency by Capt. Sal. fTillemfz,^ on the capture of the Silver Fleet coming from Nova Ilifpania , by the conduct and bravery of General P. P. Ileyn.) 4 PP- iiS'TRirMPHE I ran weghen \ de Gheluckighe ende Over-Rycke | VIC- TORIE I VVelcke de Heere- onfe God op den 8.en Septembris | des lacrs 1628. verleent heeft aen de Vlote | vande VVeftlndifche Compagnie, onder | het Bcleydt vanden Heer Gencrael I Pieter Pieterfz. Heyn , ] (CegDcn be ^ilUcc-J^Iote onfet )t)iianben / fia 1 menbe üan Nova Hifpania, in en omtrent I be l^aben bon Matanqe. I Befchreven Aoox \ Dionyfium Spranckhuyfen. \ TOT DELF, | (j5i)eb^llCRt fig Jan Andriefz. Kloeting, 25oecRsüet* | coojjer acn't joaatcRt-Uelbt fn't a5ulben a, b, c. | anno 1629. 1 4°. {Triumph upon the happy and very rich victory , which the Lord our God granted on the 8th of September to the fleet of the Weft-India Company, under the command of General P. P. lieijn , againfl the Silver Fleet of our enemies , coming from Nova-Hispania; in and about the harbour of Matanca. fP'ritten by Dion. Sprankhuyfen.) VIII. 80 pp. (Pag. 55 — 80 contain : Cort Verhael \ Vande | Voyage ghedaen door de Vlote I vande V^eft Indifche Compagnye , onder het belcydt | vanden Herre Generacl Pieter Pieterfz. Heyn. — {Short Account of the foyage, made by the Fleet of the Weft-India Company, under Command of General P. P. Heyn.') 116. ( 120 ) iiG.IVESTINDISCHE | TRIVMPH-B ASVYNE, | (COt OlïObeji Utl EllbC roeiH öEC aöataülercn jcllcfón/ ban toes | gen üe ücroberingc öcr ^paenfcfie ^iltjet-ülote vian jgoüa | Hifyania / inbe 2i5arj uan .uaatanca / ijoor öe ^cQejJEn öanüc aUe^ I octroöeccbe BDefl-3[ntiifcöc araitijjagnie / onber ö^t ficlEpb I uanbe €. JBanöafte Heren ^ee-l^clben pieter | Pieterszen HEyN , ;. 1 IDOOt I Jacob vande Vivere. OSOecït? | UcrCOOpev/ toOOnCUbC DiJ De nleutue 23eurfe/ 1 inbc nientae ©rncfietie. 5lnno 1629. | 4°. {Tektl ( 123 ) {Tekel or Balance of the great monarchy of Spain ; in which it dis- covered that she cannot do so much as she supposes herfelf able to do. Written on the occafion of the conquest of the Silver-Fleet by Gen. P. P. Ueyn. Jerem, XLVllI v. 29. /; has always been said of wicked Moab , that he is exceeding proud , lofty, arrogant, proud and haughty. I know his wrath, that he shall not be able to do so much and that he tries to do more than is in his power.) 48 pp. laa-PR-ACTIICKE van den | SPAENSCHEN | AES-SACK : | Aen-gevvefen \ Op do Veroveringe, en Victorie van ézvi\Loff'elijcken , Voorfienightn ^ Manhjck-hertighen I HQcr Generacl | PIETER PIETERSZ. HEYN. | Met By-vocginghe van noodighc Poctifchc 'tS:imcn- Cpracckc; \ Ende Aerdige Rijm-ryeren , en IVellekomften. \ MITSGADERS | Ecnighc Trcur-Verfen op het droevich ongheluck des I Coninckl : M: van Boiiemen. | Let op het fpel : Want loos bedroch En wachtje wcl : Dat guychcit noch. IN 'sGRAVENHAGE, I Gedruckt in '; Jaer ons Ileeren IÓ29. |4°. (^Practice of the Spanish Dust-bag: Shown on the occafion of the victory of the Praiseworthy , Farsighted , Courageous General P. P. Ueyn; with the addition of appropriate Poetical Dialogues and Funny rhymes and Greetings. Together with a Monody on the sorrow- ful misfortune of the King of Bohemia.') Pay attention to the game For cunning deceit And beware : Still dazzles the sight. 32 pp. 124. TRANEN , I Oyer den doodt Van den Grootcn Admirael van | Hollandt, loffclijcker, endc onstcriTc- | lickcr ghedachtcniffe, | PIETER PIETERSZ. HETN. I Midtfgaders fyn | TESTAMENT | Aen de Generale Gheoctroyeerds Weft- I Indifche Compagnie. \ Ofte Otibcdricgh'lijcke | LEYD-STERRE, | Cot 0clucljl0c JDogagiE üan öcr felüct <;ëcDEcyé»15l(itcn. I door | Dionyfium Spranckliuyfen. \ TOT DELF, \ apDcb^UCfit Dgl Andrics lanfz. Kloetingh 23oEcri-ticrliDopcc/ | luooncnbe Dy De ï^aücr-Daugge/ int «©DEliniceroe ^CÖeÖf-BoecR. I Anno 10:9. | 4°. {Tears on the death of the Great Admiral of Holland of gloriout and immortal memory P. P. Ileyn. With his Testament To the general chartered West-India Company. Or the Unfailing Load-star for the fortunate voyage of her fleets. By Dion. Spranckhuysen.) 36 pp. Qa 9. 9. TRUCE WITH SPAIN. 1629-1630. 120. SCntiDoo^öt/ i op fekeren Brief | EVLAL Y,)^Erbateni3e be ceijeiicti luacco ni öatraen | met itm J^panbt in gecn «Conferentie i fieöoo^t te tcebcn. I Door wien , ende met wac ordre de felve | voor den dagh gebracht ende verfocht is. | (gnöe cpntlijcfi oat üen (Creüeg in aïle manie* I ren fcöatie= liJCli bOO} 't Xanöt i^ etc l Gedruckt in 't laer M. DC. XXIX. | 4". (Answer to a certain letter of Eulalius, Containing the reasons why one should not enter into Transactions with the Enemy, by whomsoever and with whatsoever sort of intentions it be brought forward and reqtiested. ^nd lastly that the Truce is in every way injurious to the Country.') 16 pp. 127. Vereenighde Nederlandlchen | RAEDT 1 ï|et eer|le "^ttl \ Bewijfende met klare Exempelen ende levendige re- | dencn , datmen defe Vereenighde Nederlanden (met | Codes hiilpe) in korten tyd van de vrecfe en de peryckelen der tegenwoordige Oorlo- 1 ge kan verloflen , mitsgaders den Stact 1 haerder Bontgenoten , redreffe- I ren ende verfeeckeren. | g^cn biecücn q^rncft fig öen ^Cutljeuc I gecotrigeert enbe fiecmcerbert. | in 'S GRAVEN-HAGE I By Aert Meuris, Boeckverkooper in de Papeftraet | in den Bybel , Anno 1628.14°. (_./idvice to the United Netherlands. Parti, Proving by clear examples and lively reasons that one can , with God^s help, release these United Netherlands in a short time from all fears and perils of the present war; and also improve and strengthen the State of her allies. Fourth edition , corrected and enlarged by the author,') 40 pp. ia8. Vereenighde Nederlandfchen | RAEDT | l|et tlUeeÜE ©eel | Aenw'ysende hoe ofte op wat manier, datmen met Codes hulpc , defe Vereenighde Nederlanden haest | ende met kleyne koften , van den tegenwoordi- ge Oorloge sal verlofsen, Mifgaders den | Staet haerder Bondgenoten redreffe- | ren ende verfeeckeren. I 25en tlueeöen ©rucfi fip Öen SCUtÖeUt gecorrigcetb enbe bernieerbect. | in 's graven-hage | ^y Aert Meuris Boeckverkooper in de Papeftraet | in den Bybel , Anno 1629.4°. (Advice to the United Netherlands, Part II, Pointing out how and in what ( 1=5 ) what tnanntr and at how small an expenfa one can, with the help of God, deliver these United Netherlands from the present war ^ and also improve and strengthen the State of their Allies. The second edition cor~ reeled and enlarged by the author.) 60 pp. iiy.uiscovRslolJcrl (Pen jBcbetlanbtfcDEii 1 ©^Ebc-öanöeï. ! (öDcltelt üooa Ecn XlcfDcDlJcrl üE^ JDaöcrlanbt^. I (Cat XecutuaEcöen / 1 (ööcb^ucRt bg üirck Aibcrtfz. ^Soccfi-ücnroopcr / luoos | nciibe inbe Klocft-jltaet/ inben ijctgulbcn 2I3liBcI/| JCnno 1629. I 4". uncut. {Discourse on the Dutch Negociations of Peace written by a Lover of his Country.) 32 pp. 130. CONSIDERATIEN | Cnbc I ficbciicu bcc €/ Ijccrcn I 25ctuinb^8cDDcrcn I banbc (0cuctrojccrbe Wt^^ 1 SnbifcDc «conipagnic inbc l^rrgaebcrimjOe uanbe €ö. ilgoog .miogljciibc Hcrcn ^taten opcncraci bcfcrJ?ct/ ccnigbc "^l^t jQcbetlanbcn obccgcicüert/ nopcnsbe be tcgücnluoo^bige öcliüc' ratic ober ben I (Crcbc^ met ttn Olonlng ban Hifyanjen. | JUSibtggabcr^ 1 Confcientieufe Bedcnckingcn op cleft- Vrage , | 0/»»e» in goeder con- fcientie mack Treves maecken met den Coning van Spangjen. \ ^IjCbjUCBt te Haerlem , Ijp Adriaen Rooman , 2l5aecRb?UCficr I inbC SacoDpne^fltaEt / inbe bcrgulbe parfse. 1629. 1 4". \Conpderations and Reafons oj the noble Directors of the Chartered Weft-India Company , delivered in the afsembly of their High Might, the States General of these Free United Netherlands , on the present deliberations on a Truce with the King of Spain. With Confcientious Reflections on the question: Whether one can in Confcience make peace with the King of Spain.) 32 pp. 131. REMONSTRANTIE , | Fan weghen den CONINCK van \ BOHEMEN | Aen de Hoogh-Mogh. Hccrcn Staten Generael | dcr Vcreenichde Ncderlan- fche Piovinticn , I glieprcfcnteert ende ovcrghegheven. | 0/ het Tractaet van Trefves. \ Ghcdruckt na dc Copye by Claude Fontcyii , Boeckdruc- ker Ordinaris I der Ed. Mogh. Heercn Staten van Vrieflandt. 162914°. (^Remonstrance of the King of Bohemia prefented and written to sheir High Might, the States General, on the Treaty of Truce. 8 pp. 132. CONSIDERATIEN I Cnbcificbcncn bet ^. tjecteni^öetuinbüljeDDercn baube a5cotttojcctbe JDcils | 3inbiftDe Compagnie inbe betgabctinge banbe €b. ©000= I .maogenbe Heren ^taten a5eneraer befec ©ereenigbc B^gc Q 3 J3e« ( I"-ö ) J9C* I trcrlaiiben otiergcrctiEtt / nopenbe öc tcgDcntuaaatifsDe I öcliöcratif ober hen Crcbc^ met öEti Mos l ning uati l^ifyanjcn. Micfgad-rs | c«»- Jcieniieufe Bedenchinghen op defe Vraghe, \ <^\\\m\ ilt ^nt'^tt ConfCiCntiE magD (Cteöe^ maccficu met 1 ben Uyttetibogaert."] ) iZB.De rruchten van '/ Monster van den Trev^J. | (COE-SÖEbOECÖt 1 BEtt bZ 4EÖ. l^EEten bE 15a- 1 bEc^ ban 43ab^ IfECcRE' Enbc aen aflEn 1 jpatciottEn ban on^ IieUe l^abEtXanbt/ enbE Oofin enbE H^Eil^anbifco"^ ComjiagniE. | Door een Lief liebber der felver, \ Door aenfprake van 't Serpent ende Hjne Suppoften I conit den Menfche in 't verderf. | Ghedruckt int lacr ons Heeren , Anno M. DC. XXX. | 4°. ( is8 ) {The Fr nits of the Monster animal of the Truce, Addressed to the Reverend Fathers of God'' s Church and to all Friends of their country and to the East and Ifest India Companies, By a Lover of the Same. By persuafion of the Serpent and his subjects Man comes to ruin.) 8 pp. lo. WAR WITH SPAIN. 1630—1640. 139.COPIE I J5antieJliff(öe/58cfc9rE' I benfiffbend^etierael weerdenbvrcii, acnöe Ho. MO' l^ttttn ^taten qJenerael/lnaopnbc öe UeraöEtingDc banbe ^taötl olinda de fernabvco, i met aire fijne forten enbe i fleccBe T^laetfen. I in 's GRAVEN-HAGHE. I By de VVcduwe , cndc Erfgenamen van wijlen Hillebrandt I lacobffz van Wouw. Ordinaris Druckers vande Ho : Mo: I Heeren Staten Generael . Anno 1630. | 40. {Copy of the Letter written byGen.WerdenburchtotlieirlligliMight. on the conquest of the city of Olinda de Fernambuco with all its Forts and strong Places.^ 8 pp. 140.COPYE ilDanbE M\S\\\izi gefcgre'* | ben fiu ben 8cnecael Jl^ccrbenfiurgS/ flcnbe K^o: Mq- Heeren ^tatcn (jSenerael / 1 nopenbe be berobcringöc ber ^tabt I oBlinba be f arnambuca / 1 met alfe syne jFccten enbe i jlercfie jjlatefcn (sic)l't Mtrecgt/ tbzm MoMI iKoopman op ÖEt 1 ^cöip toanöc J)5c^t-25nbiftöE «Conijjagnic / I öcnacmt bz l^rinceffe/ uptsöEtiatEn C 133 ) uötgeüatcn mtt 25rE- 1 fillen bmi Zttlanbt btn 27 jTefiruarö 1640. ( t>aet Capitegn ojj ig pctec M- I Tot Amsterdam , Dp Ian van Ililten. | 4<^. (^Short Account of the order which his Majesty the King of Spain has sent to his generalissimo the Count de la Torre in the Bay de Todos los Sanctos i that he is to effectuate everything he should think necesfary for the recapture of Brafil, As also the most remarkable which has happened as well in the battle with the Spanish fleet of ^7 sails and the i^i Dutch ships , as also of what has happened on Land in the woods of the Bahia from the igtk of November to the i2th of February. Descri- bed by the Rev. N. iV.) 16 pp. 154. Tranflaet iiyt den Spaenfchen, | Weghens \ 't Gevecht tuffchcn dcs R 3 Conincx ( 134 ) Conincx | Silver Vloot, en den Admirael Houte-been | in Weft-Indien op den 31 Auguftus 1638. | 12 Mylen van de Havana. \Midtfgaders.\'^t Xsifte üan öe Dcrnöcn cube göeriuetftE öleiop öc^ «Conincj: SCrmabe ge toecjl SiJn. | £«ry? gedruckt in Spaenfch tot Calis oecREb5Ucfier o^^binati^ I Anno M. DC. XL. (4°. [Articles laid down for the sailors and soldiers in the service of the fFeit-lndia Company in Brafit,Guinea and further within the limits of the Patent,) 20 pp. II. FREE TRADE WITH BRASIL AND SIMILAR PAPERS. 1630— IÖ39' lóo.Weft-Indifchc Compagnie. | ARTICVLEN , | Mtt | 3llpJJ?0&atiC banbC Ho: .lasog: | Igeercn ^taten o^encrael bcr ©ereenigööe I jQebErlanben / p^obinoneelijcR Deraemt Dp I SSctotntoeDBeten banbe Generale geoctrop* i eerbe l^eft-ginbiftSc «Compagnie/ ter ©et* I gabetingöe banbe Jgegfien- tDiene / obet 8ct | open cnbe b^p ftcllen banben iganbel enbe i jSegotle op be ,§tabt ounda de parnambuco , | cnbe Cuftcn ban 23aafil. I T amstel- REDAM y\Oeév\XQki by Paulus Aertfz van Ravelleyn. MiViVTO 1630. 1 4°. (^Ifest-Jndia Company's articles; With the approbation of their High Might, the States General, provisionally laid dovn by the Directors of the General Privileged ff'estlndia Company in the afsembly of the Nine- { 136 ) Nineteen f on the opening and exemption of the commerce and Nayiga' lion to the town of Olinda di Fernambuco and the coasts of Brafil.) 8 pp. lOi.Ordre ende Reglement, 25g&e %ttW\ ^t.2Xm <&tXi.Z> | rael Det T^Zt* Ecnigööe jScöcrlanüen gDearreiltccrt / I W^zx op / tWüz tuacc nacr slle pmontEcrbE ^cBe^ I jjcn upt ijcfe refycctiüe ipaoöincicn i fuUcn bermo' I gen te üaren in \zzt^zt gcöccltc banbe Ximitcn ban I 't (i^ctrog banbe Jl^Eft-3[nbijc8e €ampaignie/ i \s\zz ttae flDccj^jJ^nnccrt. | in 'sGRAven- HAGHE . I Byde Weduwe , en Erfgenamen van wijlen HilJebrandt Jacobffz van I Wouw, Ordinaris Druckers vande Ho: Mo: Heeren Staten I Generael. Anno 1633. Met Privilegie. \\° . {Order and Regulation decried by their High Might. , according to which armed yes fels from the Respective Provinces shall be able to trade within certain Limits of the Patent of the West-India Company^ as hereafter laid down,") 8 pp. 16a. REDEN i J^an bat biz ©beft-^inbifcfie 1 Compagnie ofte Hanbelinge/ niet alleen paofiJteïijcS / i maec oocïï noobtfaccrïelijcK i^/ tot DeDou- i beniffe ban Onfen jgtaet. | Ghedruckc in 'tiaer ons Heeren, M. DC. XXXVl. j 4". (Reasons to prove that the Weft-India Company and Commerce is not only profitable but even necessary to the matiitainance of our State.) IÓ pp. 163. NADER ORDRE | Cnbc Htcgicment banbe Ho: \Mai ï^ecccn ^taten (lUenetacl bee J^etceniggbe | jBebcrlanben / ggearrcftecct by abbij^ enbc beïiöeratie banbe SSetoinbtoQeDBercn banbe <0enetale a^öcoctropeerbe 3©efl- I 3[nbifc8c «Compagnie / ter J^crgabctinge banbe jSegentöiene/ 1 bjaet na alle enbe een pbec ber Sfngcfetcnen banbe oScunicer* I be l^?o= bintien/ fullen berraogDen te öalcn Hout/ Cafiacg/ | Cattoen/ enbc allerQanbe ll^aren enbe nioopmanfcfiappen / 1 ballcnbe in feecRere gcbeelte banbe Ximiten ban 't (©ctrop bee I boo^noembe Compagnie öicc nae geej^p^imeett. | in 's GRAVEN-HAGE, l By de Weduwe ende Erfgenamen van wylen Hillebrandt lacobffz | van Wouw , Ordinaris Druckers van- de Hog: Mog: Heeren Staten | Generael. Anno 1637. ilfe^ Pr/v/Ze^^/e, | 4°. (Second order or regulation by their High Might., the States Gene^ ral of the United Netherlands ; passed by the advice and deliberation of the Directors of the General Chartered Weft-lndia-Cojnpany in the afsembly of the Nineteen, according to which each and every one of the inhabitants of the United Provinces shall be able to fetch wood, tobacco , cotton and all sorts of Merchandize within certain limits of the abovementioned Company.) 8 pp. 164. (' 137 ) l64*2^eitOOgg I By een Lief-hehber des Vaderlants vertoont. | Teghen het on- gefondeer- 1 de ende fchadelyck fluyten der | vryen handel in I BRAZIL — gn 't Staer ong l^eewa/ m. dc. xxxvii. i 4°. {Discourse by a Lover of this Country , against the caufeless and injurious ftoppage which has been put to the free trade with £rafii.) 8 pp. i6s. Examen I OVER HET VERTOOGH | Tegen het ongefundeerde en fcha- delycke | fluyten der Vrijen handel 1 in Brafil | Door | Een onderfoecker der waerheyt I In 't laer onses Heeren | M. DC. XXXVII. | 4°. {Examination of the discourse against the caufeless and injurious ftoppage which has been put to the free trade with Brafil. By an examiner of Truth.) 16 pp, 166. (gjamen | Over het I VERTOOGH I Teghen het onghefondeerde ende fcha- I delijck fluyten der Vryen handel 1 in Brafil. | DOOR | Een onder- foecker der waerheydt. | %Xl*t%^Zl OnfC^ I^ecrClï I M. D. C. XXXVII. I 4°. (^Reprint ofN°. 165.) 16 pp. 167. CONSIDERA TIEN | ALS | Dat de Negotie op BRASIL | behoort open geftelt te worden , | onder Articulen hier na befchreven , I DOOR | lor. H. Or. Gron. I Ghedruckt in 't laer ons Heeren 1638. 14"*. (^Confideration that the comvierce with Brafil ought to be thrown open under the conditions hereafter propofed ; by H. Gr. Gron,) 12 pp. 168. Weft -indifche Compagnie. | iSeglcment figibe ©J5cfl* | Sfnötfcöe «Compag- nie/ tet J^ergaöeringe tjan<' 1 be j^cgentienE/ met ajjpro&atie ban tie l|o : ! Mat l^eeren ^taten oJenecael/ oücr Set open* | flellen öanben ganbei op 23?afil paobtftoneel | ggearreflcert. | in 's graven-haghe , 1 Bydo Weduwe, ende Erfghenamen van w\jlen Hillebrandt | lacobffz van Wouw, Ordinaris Druckers vande Ho: | Mo: Heeren Staten Generael. Anno 1Ó38. I40. Qrefl'bidia Company, — Regulation by the Wefl-India Company, pro- vifionally decreed in the afsembly of the Nineteen, with the approbation of their High Might, respecting the opening of the trade with Brafil.) 8 pp. 169. BRIL-GESICHT | ©00? be bcrDlinbe eggDen I fiactfucötige llanbeiaerl op 1 BRASIL. 1 259 3Fo?me ban $(Ibötj^ boo? ecn Xief^öcöbec ban 't | ©abet- lanbt gefcöreben aen fgnen l^^ienbt- | gedrvckt i jia be a5É6oo?te on^ l^eeren en ^allgïjmafierg Sfefu argrifii I (j^p get 3iaer/ 1638. 1 4°. (^ pair of spectacles — for the blinded, felf-interested merchants trading with Brafil. Put in the form of an advice by a Lover of the Fatherland as written to^ his friend.) 8 pp. S 170. C 138 ) 170. ©e ggep^Etenbeer&en otjec*' 1 lafl üan eenlgQc 2fnffcfioo«nen enbe SJn* 1 göefcienen/ üoo^ be Zzmiam eiibc 1 tatöcemfcDe Mamttta gaer in l 25^ani aengebaen. | Ghedruckt in 't laer ons Heeren 1638. | 4". (The pretended vexation which the Zealanders and foreign Chambers are said to have done to some natives and inhabitants of Brafil.) 4 pp. 171. DEDVCTIE, I Waer by onpartrjdelijck over-vvogen ende | bevvefen wort, vvat het befte voor de | Compagnie van Weft-Indien zy : | ©011 ïlanbEl te flugten/ 1 of open te laten, i in 'sGRAVEN-hage, | Oedruckt by ISAAC BVRCHOORN, Boeck-Drucker op | de weft-zijde van 't Speuy, inde nieuwe Druckery , over de Bagijne-Straet. | 4". {Deduction by which is impartially considered and proved, what is the best fur the IVefl-India Company: to close the commerce or to leave it open.) 32 pp, 172.ONTDECKINGHE I VAN I Rijcke Mijnen I IN \ BRASIL. I Luctor S» Emergo. \ TAMSTERDAM, | Ghedruckt voor lohan van Hiltcn. 1639. I 4°. {Discovery of Rich Mines in Brafil.) 8 pp, 12. PORTUGAL DELIVERED ; TRUCE WITH I'ORTUGAL. 1641. i73.Manifeft | van 't Koninghryck van | PORTUGAEL | ^fn b'lUClCfiC üerfilaert taort be gerecötc I oorfafie en be reben tuaccom be 3[nltioonber^ ficö I gefiDcn getrocficn )x^t be geDaotfaemgeit bejl Koninc^ i ban Caflllen en nil aengöeuomcn ben screnifsimo Heer I Don Joan de iiii. ban bicn jaame/ 1 luefenbc | ben xviil. geretötcn KoningQ ban | bit KHoninggrijcfi. i Met Gratie ende Privilegie» \ O^ebrUCfit naet be €0J3ye tot Lisbona , 2Sö Pauius ban Craesbeecke. (lEnbe nu gctrou* I taelöcfi oberggefet in 't JSeberlant'g I ©oor C. F. Portugees. I En worden nu uytgegeven , I %\\ Broer Jansz. Jan ban Hilten, Cn C. de Pas. Anno 1641.14". {Manifeft of the kingdom of Portugal ; in which is declared the rightful cause and the reasons why the inhabitants have with-draw» themfelves from the yoke of the King of Castille , and now accepted his Serene Highness Don Joan IV of this name ^ he- being the i8<^ lawful King of that Kingdom.) 8 pp. 174. Copyen van drie Mi ff i ven, | (gen bOor bcn Miirquis de Montuval , Vice-Roy vande | Bay , gQefcö^cbcn enbe ggefoiiben aen fijn Excell ; Grave | Mauritius van Naffau, tOt jFEmtimDocft. | MITSGADERS : | Noch een vanden Colonel Hinderfon ende Capi- | teyn Day, aen fijn Excell: voorfz. ( 139 ) voorfz. Inhoudende in wat ma- 1 niere den voorfz. Vice-Roy fich ver- claert den Koninck | van PORTEGAEL aen te nemen,- Ende hoe hy de [ Spanjaerden ende Italianen daer op gedifarmeert heeft. ] J^OCg Een .miffiüe Böefcg^eUen ban f crnanfiocfi/ | üat Dan öaer göeo^bmeert enbc üerttocficn tuaren . 176.) 16 pp. 178. Tranflaet uyt het Latijn inde | Nederlantfche Tale. | Ctactaet ban Xt» ftant enijE I opgoitbinge üan allc ^cten tian W^anijU IfcSap/ al^ aocftftan Ccafföcg/ Commercicn cnöe ^uoixt^/ gemaeilit/ gea^* irefteett enbe Bcflooten in '^ a3^aiJEn-l§agc üen ttuacffben ^funij 1641. üaojiDenttjötban tten gfarctl/ tUfTcgen &e l^eer Triftao de Mendoca Furtado, 1 5Cm&affai3cut enijc iSaebt banbcn g^ootlucStitöfien I a3?ootniac9tl0En Don 1 lan de Vierde ban biztt JSaem/ «ConintR ban ]^o^tugael/ SDfsarbc^/ %t. I aEnüe ÖE ^ttttn (^zi}t}}ütttxbtn bantie Hoosk tnbt jOaoogenöB l^eecen ^ta* 1 ten ©encracl banijc JaerEenigBüe J^^obtnticn btt Mtüzzlanütn. I in 's GRAVEN-HAGE , | By de Weduwe , ende Erfghenamen van wqlen Hillebrandt la- I cobffz van Wouw , Ordinaris Druckers vande Hog. Mog. I Heeren Staten Generael. Anno 1642. 1 Met Privilegie. ! 4°. (Translation of N". 176.) 16 pp. 179. J^Erficnbingge ban get 25eflant cnbe opöoubingSe ban i alïc acten ban hpanbtfcBay/ ben ttuaelfben ^iinij fc^tlcn^^lionbett eensensbcettigö / «n 'gaet in bat macrlijcft ucrs i toont luo^t/ tuaer bat be participanten 1 ban be Jli)E|ï;=g[nbifcIje ias de Fereira , born at Lisbon in Portugal.) 8 pp. ;33.Beneficien voor de Soldaten gaende j naer Brafil, | IN 's GRAVEN- HAGE, 1 Byde Weduwe, ende Erfgenamen van wijlen Hillebrandt lacobfz van Wouw, Ordi | naris Druckcrs vandc Ho. Mo. HeerenStaten Generael. Anno 1647. I fol. {Advantages for tho foldiers that go to Brafil.) 4 pp. ' U 2 413. ( 156 ) 234- Extract | Uyttet Register der | RESOLUTIEN | vande Hoogh Mogh. Hecren Staten | GENERAEL | Der Vereenighde | NEDERLANDEN I Tcf ALCKMAER \ By Jan Claefz , Boeck-vercooper , wootiende 1 op Uliscevort (?), 1647. I 4°. (Extract from the Register of the Refolutions of their High Migh- tines fes the States General of the United Netherlands.) 8 pp. 235. BRANDT I IN f BRASILIEN. | Gedruct in 'laer ons Heeren 1648. | 4". {Conflagration in Brapl.") 20 pp. 236. TEGE>J-ADVYS, | #p ÖB l^tcfcntatle üan IBo^ltugal. a5efonben uut '^ «örabCn^rjagC- I Aen cenen Vrient in Zcelant. | Waer in I ©e fie* ö^legccrje/ t\\\xz trautucloo^ öanücl Dec l^o^tuguyfcii met I fie 1^. fê. ^taten tier 13>etccnigööe jaeberlanbcn / cnbe [ SSeluinüt^öeüöer^ ban be lE>efl*3in3ifcöe CnmHpaönJc nengcrccijt/ filact acn beu baglj tuonben eeB^acDt/ 000^ een Xiefsöcfiöer i be^ J^abeclanbtg. I 't Eencmaei oock dienende t (Dm ben Brant in Brafiiien fin b^ucfi befe bagen nocg flege^ I ben) RraCOtelijCfi nut te filUffcBen. l Aere cUte riros, Martemque ascender e cav.tn. I (öcö^judit in 't eerfle ^act be^ Eeuwigen vredc met ^paeng* Jen 1 gOemaecIit/ 1648. Menfre Junij 15. I 4°- (Counter-Advice on the Prefentation of Portugal. Sent from the Hague to a friend in Zeeland ; in which the treacherous and faithlesf proceedings of the Portuguefe towards their High Might , the States of the United Netherlands and the Directors of the ffest-India Company are clearly expofed by a Lover of the Fatherland. Serving alfo totally to extinguish the Conflagration in Brafil , recently published.) 8 pp. 257. Ccnige ^bbüfen I ende i verklaringhen I uyt brasilien. i %\\ bata ben 19 cflSep 1648. I van 'r gepasfocrde. I TOT AMSTER- DAM, I By Philips van Macedonien , Drucker I in de Druckerije van Ian Roonpoorts Toorn. I Anno 164B. | 4'*. {^Some Advices and Declarations from Brafil in date the igth of May 1648. On what has happened there.) 8 pp. 238. EXTRACT 1 ©an feecfiCCen 2Srief/ ghe- I fchreven uyt Loando St. Paulo, in Angola, van | weghen dc groote Victorie die de Onfe | verkregen hebben tegen de Portugefen \ onder 't belcydt van onfeu Di- 1 recteur Ouman : mitsgaders I de afsiftentie van de /To- | ninginne Linga acn | onfe gedaen. | In 's GRAVEN-HAGE I By Ludolph Breeckevelt, Boeck-druckcr, 1 woonende in de Pootcn in de Vinder vandc Druckery. | ANNO M. DC. XLVm. | 4°. {Ex- ( 157 ) (Extract from a certain Letter written from Loando St. Paulo in Angola OK the great Victory which Our People have gained there over the Portuguefe ^ under the command of our Director Ouman , as alfo the assistance rendered us by queen Liuga.) 8 pp. 239. EPISTOLA I GASPARIS DIAS I FEREIRA | In carcere , unde erupir , fcripta. I Die 17 August. 1649. | 4". {Letter by Gaspar Dias Fereira written in the prifon , whence he fled i on the 17 of Aug. 1649.) 8 pp. 240. CONCEPT I ©an fieglement oji OS^afll/ I aJD^nomcn ög fiacre igo. .Ma. üe ieeren i ^tatcn (ï5enerael bet J^etccnigDbe Mz* \ bcrianöcn / enüe be 2?elutnbt*öcBöereii I bet ^eoctrapeecbe l)0efl<=g[nbifcöe I €om' yaigtiic. I (Di eb^utVit in 't ^aer on^ l^eeten I 1648. | 4°. '^Draught of the Regulations for Brazil ^ resolved by their /Jigi, might, the State General of the United Netherlands and the Directors of the chartered Ifcst-India Company.) 8 pp. z\i. West indifcii.' Compignie. | ncglemcnt fiy be Wz^' 1 ^nbifcDe an l Wat goets en wat Quaets | Cn I Wat Noodichs. I Tot GOUDA, | By lafper Comelifz, Boeckverkooper woonende op de Cingel, | ANNO 1649. I 4^'. (^Amfierdam's Table Talk of Something Good, of something Pad and of something Necessary.) 32 pp. 26i.SJmftECbam^ I Vuur-Praetje , l üan I 'tEen ende 'tander datter nu om gaet. 1 1' AMSTELREDAM, 1 (öcöjucljt fig tactJEn/l Ghehouden tuffchen een Officier,] een Domine , en een Coopman , noopende den I Staet van Brafyl : Mede hoe de Officieren en Sol- 1 daten tegenwoordich aldaer ghetracteert werden, I en hoe men placht te leven ten tyde doen de Por- | togyfen noch onder het onverdraeghlijck lock | der Hollanderen faten. [ tpit ÖOO^ ttW Onjjaj- tgitJiCÖ tOC-Doa^bcr göcan I noteert. | Ghedruckt in de Weft-Indifche Ka- mer by Maerten,! Daer hec gele foo luftich klinckt alffer zijn Aep- ftaerten. | Anno 1649. | 4^. {DrafPs Boat-Talk i between an Officer, a Dominie and a Merchant V on ( 162 ) on the State of Brafil^ and how the Officers and Soldiers are now treated there. And how one used to live whilst the Portuguese were ftill under the intolerable yoke of the Dutch ^ the whole written by an impartial listener,) 24 pp. 266. De I PORTAGOYSEN | GOEDEN | BUYRMAN. I Ghetrocken uyt de Re- gifters van fijn | goet gebuerfchap gehouden in Lif-|bona, Maringan . Caep Sint Augu- | ftijn , Sint Paulo de Loando , en | Sant Tomée. | ^^JCtienÜB tot SCntluaoct op get oncefanöeeröe I ^örafglg^^cBugt^jJcactjen. I fVeeft onnofel als de Duyven , En voorfichtich als de 5/fl«^e». | Ghedruckt tot Lisbon, inde groote Druck-fael. I Daer uyt hooght het verradich Por- tegael. | Anno 1649 , den 24 December. I 4°. (The Portuguese good neighbour ^ Drawn from the Registers of his good neighbourship kept in Lisbon, Marignan , Cape St. Augustin , St. Paulo de Loando and St. Thome ; ferying as a reply to the unfounded Bra/ifs Boat talk. Be innocent as Doves , and prudent as Serpents.) 16 pp. 267. aimjlerDamfcöc i veerman i op i middelburgh. I Tot vlissingen, i (öcijrucfit öy mp Jacob janfz. Pieck , in 't Jaec on^ Heeccn. 1650. 1 4°. {Amfterdam Schipper to Middelburgh.) 12 pp. 15. TREATY OF MUNSTER. :68. Befoignes en Conimunicatien | Oüet ÜE I UGUE GARENTIE | van dc Heeren | ](|are loog JiSogenbe I öe ^taten (Ü5encrael| Den 2, 4 en 5 Juiij 1647. 1 IN 's GRAVEN-HAGE , I voor de Weduwe van Hillebrant Jacobfz van Wouw, Ordinaris | Drucker van Hare Hog: Mog: 1647. | 4*'. (^Communications on the league guarantee by their High Might, the States Gen. the 2. 4 and 5 of July 1647.) 8 pp. :69 ARTICULEN | EN I CONDITIEN | van den | OECUlUigen ©CeDe | 45eflaten tUffcQen öen (^taat^mac\j> \ tigcn Koninck van Hispaignen,elc ter een- | der, ende de Hoog-mogendc Heeren Staten 1 Generacl der Vereenigde Ne- ( i63 ) Nederlanden , ter | ander zijde, | onderteyckent ende bezegelt den 1 dertig- (ten January 1648. I Tot MUNSTER. | Tot ROTTERDAM. | By Haest van Voortganck , 250ECfibrUCfiEr ban iJE SCrtiCUleil I van de Vrede, 1648. | 4°. (Articles and Conditions of the Eternal peace concluded between the Great and Mighty the King of Spain etc. on the one side and their High Might, the States General of the United Netherlands on the other ; signed and sealed the ^oth of January 164S at Munfier.") 16 pp. 16. BRAZIL LOST. WAR AND PEACE WITH PORTUGAL 1650— 1663. 270. VOOR-LOOPER I van | D' Hr. WITTE CORNELISSZ. de WITH , | Ad- mirael van de Weft-Indifche Compagnie, | Nopende | De»; ^r/j^y//c/ifK handel. | Gedruct voor den Verdruckten. Anno 1Ö50. | 4°. (T/jfi fore-runner of Mr. iritte Cornelisz, de With , Admiral of the IVest India Company .^ Respecting the trade with Brazil.) 20 pp. 271.RECUEIL DU DISCOURS I FAIT PAR | MonGeur de Brun | Ambafsa- deur d'Espagne a Mef- | sieurs les Estats-Generaiix, en la | grande afsem- blée de 28 Mars I 1651. I Imprimee a Anvers cliez Jean Hu- | fens, de- meurant au Marche , 1651. | 4°. {Report of the Speech made before their High Might, the States Ge- neral by Mr, De Brun, the Spanish Ambassador ^ in the Great assembly of March 28, 1651.) 12 pp. 272-SCiurnflEl/ 1 OFTE I Hifioriaelfe Befchryvinge I VAN I MATHEUS vanden BROECK.I Van 't geen hy felfs ghefien ende waerachtigh ge- 1 beurt is - wegen 't begin ende Revoke van de Por- 1 tugefe in Braflel, als mede de conditie en het over- 1 gaen van de Forten aldaer. | i'Amstelredam, I Voor Gerrit vau Goedesbergen , Boeck-verkoo- | per op het water, by de nieuwe-brugh , inde Delffe Bybel. Anno 1651. | 4°. V 1 {Jour- ( 164 ) {Journal or Historical Description , by Matthew van den Broeck , of what he has himfelf seen and what has truly happened concerning the defigns and the revolt of the Portuguese in Brazil i alfo with the conditions of surrender of the forts there.') 44 PP« 5 with a view of Fernambuco, 273. VERTOOGH, I Over den Toeftant | DER | Weft-Indifche | COMPAG- NIE, ! IN I Haer begin, midden, ende eynde , | MET i Ocetl SemCÖiE tot iieöjE^ ban tiefeiue i Cecjle «©cci. I gedrvct tot Rotterdam, i iïSp lohannes van Roon , SÖOUCfi^ÜCrBaojJEt OJJ ÖE XCUÜE^Dsöe/ I in 't «JHaufijcrfsöaEClf. 1651. 1 4''. {Account of the State of the ffest-India Company in its beginning^ prosperity and end} with a Remedy for its Redress, Part I. {No more published.') 16 pp. 274. propositions I prefentées par | MONSIEUR I DE SOUZA DE MACE- DO I Ambafadeur de Portugal, lefquelles Mef- 1 sieurs les Estats n'ont pas voulu reeevoir, n'y mefme lire. | Imprimée a Leyden 1651. | 4**. (^Proposal prefented by Mr. Soufa de Macedo , Ambafsador of Por' tugal , which the States would not receive nor even read.) 12 pp. 275. DISCOURS , I FAIT PAR | MONSIEUR | DE SOUSA | DE | MACEDO , I Ambaffadeur du Sereniffime I Roy de Portugal, prez Mef- 1 fieurs les Eftats Generaux , dans I leur Affembleé Generale Ie I 6 Mars l6si. | Traduit du Latin en Frangois, \ Imprimé l'an lóSI. I 4°. {Speech made by Mr. Soufa de Macedo ^Ambafsador of his most serene Highnefs the King of Portugal to their High Might, the States Gene- ral in their General Afsembly the 6th of March 1651 ; Translated from the Latin into French.) 8 pp. 276. PROPOSITIONS I CATHEGORIQUES,! Et derniere refolution | DE | MONSIEVR I DE SOUSA | DE I MACEDO, | AMBASSADEUR | De Portu- gal, touchant les I dilTerens du Brefil , | Imprimé l'an i6si. | 4°. {Categorical Propofitions and last refolution of Mr. Soufa de Macedo , Ambafsador of Portugal , regarding the quarrels of Brafit.) 8 pp. 277. Klare en Waarachtige i BESCHRY VING | ©an ÖE lEtlE 23EtaECtEn En SCfbal ÜEt Portugezen in | BRASIL; I Daar in d' oorfprong dezer zwarigheden en oor- I logen klarelyk vertoont worden. ( 2([n ÜE jF^anfcIJE taal ÖEfCÖ^E* ÜEtt ÖOO? PIERRE MOREAU van Parrey | in Charollois , ijlE 5Elf in Üai Xant gctUEEfl / En ö' oo^öaREn iiEóEc üEroErtEU I naauriEUciglij8 onüEtsocöt / En ( 165 ) en getroutuelp DefcD^EbEll ÖCeft- 1 Met de Reisbefchrijving van de zelve Schrijver naar Brafil, en | de vreemdigheden , die hem daar in ontmoet zyn. [ ^flo^ J. H. Glazemaker bcrtaalt. I t' Amsterdam , | J^OO? Jan Hendrikfz. Ell Jan Rieuwertfz. ^SoeftÜErftOJJCt^ 1652.14°, {Clear aud True Description of the last Troubles and the Defertion of the Portuguese in Brafil; in which are clearly shown the origin and the difficulties of the war. Written in French by P. Moreau of Parrey in Charollais , who has himfelf been in that land, and has closely inves- tigated and truly described the reafons of these troubles. With the voyage of the same writer to Brazil, and the strange adventures he there met with.) 102 pp. — (A map of Mauritsflad on the title-page.j 278. Nieuwe ongewoon-Wonderlykkc Staert-Sterre op 't Recif in Brazil | gezien op 16 December 1652. /Ildus vertoont en afgebeelt door N. N,\ — t''Amflerdam A°. 1653. {New and uncommonly Wonderful Comet ; on the Reciff^a in Brazil; Seen Dec. 16. 1652; Thus described and drawn by N. N.) QAn engraving in 4°.) 279. WEST-INDISCH | DISCOURS,- | Verhandelende \De Weft-Indifche Saec- ken. I Hoc die weder verbetert mogen worden , ten beften | der Ge- meente , en 't fceckerft voor de | COMPAGNIE. | Generalyck ontworpen by maniere van Samen-fpraeck \ ;«/yc/iC«ee« Middelburger e« Haegenaer. | Gedruckt in *: Jaer 1653. 1 4°« ^West-lndian Discourse ; Treating on the West-Indian Affairs. How they may be again improved for the good of the Community and the most surely for the Company. Given in the General form of a Dialogue, between an inhabitant of Middelburgh and one of the Hague.) \6 pp. 280. ARTICVLEN ( Ende conditien gemaeckt by het overleveren | van | BRASILIEN I als mede het Recif, Maurits Stadt ende For- 1 ten ende fterckten daer aen de | penderende. Gefloten den 28 January 1654. I In 'S GRAVENHAGE , | Gedruct by Jan Pietersz. Anno 1645. {sic) I 4". {Articles and conditions made on the surrender of Brafil ; as also of the Reciffe , Maurits Stadt and the forts and fortifications belonging thereto; signed Jan, 28. 1654.) 8 pp. 281. ACCOORD I Van I BRASILIEN, I Mede van 't Recif, Maurits-Stadt , | ende de omleggende For- I ten van Brafil. 1 t'AMSTERDAM , I By Claes Lambrechtfz. van der Wolf, 1654.14°. V 3 {Agree- ( 166 ) (Agreement of Brajil; as also of the Reciffo , Maiirits Stadt and the neighbouring forts of Brafil.') 8 pp. 28a. COPIE , 1 FAN DEN\ BRIEF I GESCHREVEN BY | SIGISMVND 1 VAN I SHOPPE ,1 Gewefene Generael , der Militie, in Brafilien : | ^£iV| t^arc l^og. ^^og. tz Kgccrcn ^tatcn <0Enerael öec Jacrcenigbe | jBebecïanben ; i Ahvaer hy , SCHOPPE , in vertoont, den miferabilen Staet van de voor' noemde I BRASILIEN : I ALS MEDE | Klagende over de flechte arflftentie, tot onderhoud van de Militie ; | ende de onwilligheyd der oude Solda- ten. I Tot MIDDELBFRG ,\By SIMON de KLAGER, woonende op de Haven, in de Hoop I vol Patientie , Anno 1654. I 4°- {Copy of the Letter written by Sigismund von Schoppe , late General of the Militia in Brasil , to their High Might, the States Gen. of the United Netherlands ; in -which he, Schoppe, shows the miferable State of Brajil; as also with complaints on the want of afsifiance towards the Keeping of the Militia and on the ill-will of the old Soldiers.) 6 pp. 283. MOTIVEN , I Die de Officiers der Militie en de j Hooge Raden in | BRASIL, I hebben bewoogen met de Portugee- | fen te Contracteren, | Gedruckt in 't laer ons Heeren 1654.14°. {Motives by which the Officers of the Militia and fligh-Councellors in Brafil have been induced to treat with the Portuguese.) 4 PP- 284. Cort, Bondigh ende Waerachtigh I VERHAEL 1 ©ait 't f£Ö^ni3eÏ0Cfi OÜCC' geücn i tnüt üerïatcn banbc üootname (Congucitcn I vAN l brasil, | o«- der de Regeerittge vande Heeren \ WOUTER van SCHONENBÜRGH , | PRESIDENT I HENDRICK HAECX , Hoogen Ract , I ENDE J SIGISMON- DUS van SCHOPPE ,1 Luytenant Generael over de Militie, 1654. I TOT MIDDELBURGH , | Gedruckt by Thomas Dirckf?. I van Brouwers-ha- ven. I ANNO 1655.14°. {Short; Summary and True account of the shameful surrender and defection of the chief Conquests of Brajil , under the Government of Walter van Schonenburgh , President, Hendrick Haeckx, High Counfellor and Sigm. v. Schoppe, Lieut. Gen. of the Militia.) 28 pp. 285. (iJTtUee IDerfCÖCgbCn I Remonftrantien I OFTE \ VERTOGEN , I i^hccgcgc- benlAcn hare Ho: Mo: de Heeren Staten I Generael der Vereenighde Nederlanden. | Door | Anthonio PARaupasA , | /« /jf'^ leven geweejl Regi' door vande Brazilianen | inde Capitania van Rio Grande : Ende met het laetjle onge- I luckigh verlies van Brazyl, vande gantfche Braziliaenfche | Na ( 167 ) Natie afgefonden ,• aen hare Ho: Mo: om derfelver Natie \ erbermelij'cJien en j ammerlijcken toefiant te vertonen ,\ende met eenen hulpe ende byjiant te verfoecken. \ In "'s GRAyEN-H/lGE , | Gedruckt by Henricus Hondius, woonende | inde Hofftraet, inde nieuwe Kunft-enBoeclt-Druckery. 1657. I 4°- (Two different Remonftrances or Discourses delivered to their High Might, the States General by Antonio Paraupdba , in life a Regidor of the Brafilians in the Capitania of Rio Grande ; together with the last unfortunate lofs of Brafil ; fent over by the whole Brafiltan nation to their High Might, to show the miserable and pitiable state of that nation and to request at the same time help and afsiflance.') 20 pp. 286. Seeckere I REMONSTRANTIE I «Cen gaCE Ï^OOglj ^ÏISoeÖCnbE Öe I^EEtCn Staten a5etiecaci i3Et öcrecntgQbe | jgetjctlanöcn | obEcgcgeoBti | Door [ ©E gefamentlijcfie acnlucfcnije geöeytitcctben^ I \xQi 25ra59l I (Ccnbctenbe tat öEöoubctiif^c ban ölc glo- rleufe MonincRlgcRc Canguc^ten. ! Anno JMDCLVII. I 4°. {A certain Remonflrance to their High Might, the States General of the United Netherlands i delivered by all the Brazilian deputies pre- sent, tending towards the Keeping of these glorious and Royal conquests.') 8 pp. 287. VERHAEL I van den erstcn Tocht ghedaen by Sijn Exellentie van | WASSENAER I Baron van Opdam &c. | LUYTENANT-ADMIRAEL | van dc Vrye I VEREENIGHDE NEDERLANDEN | met 's Lant's Vloot , naer de Vyandlicke Landen van | PORTUGAEL , | ende van *t gene op de Reyfe gliepafsecrt, I ende wac ontrent die fake verders ] by de Ge- deputeerde binnen | Lisbona voorghe- I vallen is. 1 «öCbCUcRt in 't ^acr an§ Hccren/ Anno 1657. 1 4"- {Account of the first expedition made by his Excellency van IFas- senaer. Baron van Opdam etc. Lieut. Adm. of the Free United NetherJ. with the National Fleet towards the hostile country of Portugal ; and of what passed during the voyage; and on what has been further trans» acted in Lisbon by the Deputies regarding this affair.) 20 pp. 288. CREDENTIALE | Van de Koningin Regente | VAN | PORTUGAEL | Be- neflFens | DE PROPOSITIE | Van haren Extraordinairen Ambafsadeur Ferdi- | nandus Telles de Faro. 1 Aen haer I HOOGHMOGENDE | over gclevert , ende geproponcert den 22 Julij. 1658. 1 't Schiedam voor Phi- lips t by Vaal 1658. | 4". {Cre. ( 168 ) (^Credentials from the Queen Regent of Portugal ; Together with the propojition delivered by her Envoy extraordinary to the States Gen- For. Telles de Faro. July 22; 1658.) 8 pp. ^89. MANIFEST 1 Ende redenen van Oorloge , tot I LISBONA | Vyt-ghegeven cnde gepubiiceert: TusscHEN | poctusaEl/ txiüz ije a3cunjEertie jSet3ec- lantfcöe lDtobinticn/| met ijc aeiimercrüngc cntie öen oorfprancfi/ taaer unt ben feïf# | ben ggeyrocebeerr i^. | Getrouweiijck uijt de Portugefche Talc over-gefet : | (ÖEbrilCfit int %^U Onfe# l^ttUXl 1658. | 4". (^Manifesto and reasons ofwar^ published at Lisbon, Between Portu- gal and the United Dutch Provinces ; with the annotation and the origin from which the war has sprung. Translated from the Portuguete,') 16 pp. 190. MANIFEST, I OFTE I Reden van den oorlogh tuffchen Por-ltugael, ende de Vereenichde Provintien van de Nederlanden , I met de aenwij- finge vande oorfaeck waer uyt die ontftaen is. | Tot Lifbon in de Por- tugefche en Caftiliaenfche taelen \ gedruckt ende uytgegcyen, in V laer 1657. Ende nu getrouweiijck \ en verftandelijck inde Nederduytfche taele overge- fet. I Mitsgaders | MANIFESTATIE I Van de leiigenen ende valf heden waer mede het is vervalt, ( Ende een \ Kort ende waerachtich verhael | van des Conincks van Portugael , ende fljner onder- I faeten trouvvloofe ende meyneedyge procedu- I ren , die de waere reden en oorfaeck , ende 1 felfs het begin, van defen oorlogh zijn. | By HENRICUS HON- DIUS , inde I Hofftraet, inde nieuwe Konft-en-Boeck-Druckery. 1659. 1 4°. (Manifesto or reasons of the war between Portugal and the United Provinces of the Netherlands ; vith the demonfiration of the reasons which gave rise to the war. Published at Lisbon in the Portuguese and Castilian Languages in the year 1657, ^nd now faithfully and plainly translated into the Dutch. Together with a Manifesto of the lies and fictions with which it is filled, and also a short and true account of the faithless and perjured proceedings of the King of Portugal and of his subjects; and that they are themfelves the true reason and even the commencement of this war,") 56 pp. 29i.L'ANTIMANIFESTE | du Seigneur I FERNANDO TELLES DE FARO | Cy devant Ambafsadeur extraor- | dinaire de Portugal en I Hollande : | Ou est defcouvert la faulfeté de pretexies de fa fuite , par une \ Lettre , qu'un Gentilhomme Portugais , qui eftait de fes amis,\ £? de fes Confidens , luy escrit de la Haye a Bruxelles \ le 30 Juin 1659. I M. DC. LIX. | 4°. (The C 169 ) (^Tke Anti'Manifest of Senor Fernando Telles de Faro ; formerly Envoy Extraordinary from Portugal, to Holland ; in which is discovered the falfeness of the pretexts of his flight , by a letter which a Portu- guese gentleman, one of his friends and confidents , wrote to him from the Hague to Brussels.) 12 pp. 292. CONTRA I MANIFEST | Van Signor | FERNANDO TELLES DE FARO, I Voor defen gewecft Ambaffadeur extra- 1 ordinaris van Portugael in HoUandt. | Waer in ontdeckt fijn de valfche pretexten van fijn wegh loopen iiyt | s' Gravenhage , door een Brief die feker Portugijs Edel- man I van fijne confidente Vrienden aen hem uy: Bruffc! i gcfchreven heeft. |M. DC.LIX. | 4° {Translation of N". 291.) 12 pp. 293. REDENEN , I Ende verfchcyde notable I OMSTANDIGHEDEN : | VAN | DON FERNANDO | TELLES DE FARO , I Gewefene Extraordinaris Am- baffadeur van Portu- | gael by de H: STATEN GENERAEL I der Vcr- eenighde Nederlanden , | Aengacnde fijn vertreck uyt 's Graven-Hage ten dienfte van den I KONING van SPAENJEN ,\Iu de Caftiliaenfche Tale uytgegeven , ende in de Neder- \ landtfche overgefet. \ M. DC. LIX. | 4°. (^Reafons and several notable circumfiances regarding Don Fernando Telles de Faro, late Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Portugal to their High Might., concerning his departure from the Hague in the service of the King of Spain; translated from the Castilian.^ 12 pp. 294. MEMORIE I VAN | Syne Exellentie den Heere Henrique | de Souza de Tavares da Silva, Grave van Miranda | van den Raet ven den Door- luchtigcn Koningh van I Portugael , Kamer-Joncker en Opperde Stal- mee- I fter van den Prins Don Theodozio, Gouverneur | van de Stadt Poort a Poort, als mede van de Gerech- | te en Wapenen aldaer en fijne deftricten , Oppcrften I Alcaide van de Steden genoemt, Arronches Al- I palhan , Alvalade , Heer van de plaetfen Miranda, I Podenïes , Vouga , Souza, Germello, Arrancada , | Olivera de Bairro , en Oufa , Commandeur van de I Comanderyen van de Maninhos , Alvalade , Villa I nova de Alvito, Alpalhan , Heer van de retinden in | den Eylanden Tarfera, St. Michiel en Madera, Ex- | traordinaris Ambaffadeur van den Hoog-gemelten I Koningh van Portugael aen de Hoog-Mog: Heeren | Staten Gencrael der Vereenighde Nederlanden, &.c. | 3iangF|ft 0lJCr5C= leöert op üen 6. iPctCmÜ. 1660. I c'AMSTERDAM, |By Nicolaes van Ravesteyn,! op St. Anthonis-Marckt. 1661. | 4°. X ( Me- ( 17° ) {Memorial of his Excellency Don Henrique de Souza de Tavares da Silva y Count de Miranda etc. etc.^ Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Portugal to their High Might, the States General of the United Netherlands. Presented Dec. 6. 1660.) 40 pp. 295. 15cl-tf|Danmge/| Ghedaen aen die van dc | VEREENICHDE | NEDER- LANDEN, I ^63» een Onderdaen ende Lieff'^hebber \ van defelve. \Gedruckt by een Patriot | VAN HET I VADERLANDT I do lo c lxi. I 4° . (Demonfiration to those of the United Netherlands. By one of their fubjects and lovers.) 16 pp. 296. TRACTAET I Ende I ALLIANTIE I Tuffchen den Koninck ende Rijcke van I PORTUGAEL | Ter eenre , | ENDE I De Ho. ende Mog. Heeren | DE STATEN GENERAEL I Der Vereenichde Nederlantfche Provintien \ ter andere zijde. | Geflooten , geteeckent ende gezegelt op den fefden | Augufty 1661.ITOT MIDDELBURGH,|Gedruct by Symon vander Plas Boeckverkooper woonende over|'t Stadthuys i66i.|4°. {^Treaty and Alliance between the King and Kingdom of Portugal on the one hand, and their High Might, the States Gen. of the United Netherland Provinces , concluded , signed and fealed August 6th,\66l») 24 pp. 297. ARTICULEN | P'AN \ VREDE | ENDE \ CONFEDERATIE I Tuffchen den I KONING van PORTUGAEL | Ende de I STATEN GENERAEL I Van de Vereenighde Nederlanden , | Gefloten en ondertekent den 6 Aug,i66i- I Getranflateert uyt het Latijn, na de | rechte Copye. | M. DC. LXI.\ i\.°. (^Articles of Peace and Confederation between the King of Portugal and the States General of the United Netherlands , concluded, signed and sealed Aug, 6th 1661.) 16 pp. 298. NAERDER ACCOORT I TUSSCHEN DEN | KONINCK VAN PORTU- GAEL 1 AEN I D' HOOG: MOGENDE HEEREN | STATEN GENE- RAEL I den 10 Augufty 1661. {Further Agreement between the King of Portugal and their High Might, the States General, Aug. 1661.) {French and Dutch.") QA fmall folio f heet.) 299. SCHRIFTELYCKE I NOTIFICATIE I EN I PROTEST j Van den ( GRAEF de MIRANDA I PORTUGEES AMBASSADEUR, | Voor fijn vertreck , acnde Heeren Staten I gegeven , &.c. | Jgacr txt COJJije tOt 2^Clft / ÖOOt Michel Michielfen, I achter 't Stadthuys 1663 I 4°. (IFrit- ( 171 ) (fTritten Notification and Protest of the Count of Miranda^ Portuguefe Ambasfador ; delivered to the States Gen. before his departure.) l6 pp. 300. ©etSonbiginge bmi get (Cractaet ban T^tulKf hcnifcften SCugujiti in öcn 3|are 1601 gcmaccfit enüe ggcfïootcn/ alöict in üen I^age / tuf^cgcn | ben lEfeere <ïrDningö/ cnöe be Croone ban pottugacl/ etc etc. ter eenre; OEnbe be l^oogg jlföas I genbe l^ceren Staren «öenerael ber ©crceniggbc dSeberlanben / ter anbere ölibe/ baer op 1 lucbersybt^ Katijïcatien ber becrtöicnbcn ©ecemöcr bcé berlcben ^laer^ 1062 sgn göe# | Ej;trabccrt enbe uptgetuif^elb. I in s' graven-h Age By Hillebrandt van Wouw, Ordi- naris Drucker van de Ho: Mo: Heeren Staten Generael I der Vereenighde Nederlanden. | Anno 1663. 1 Met Privilegie. (Publication of the Treaty of Peace; made and concluded between the King and Crown of Portugal on one side and their High Might, the States Gen. of the United Provinces on the other; with the mutual ratification exchanged and given on the i^th of December 1664.) {A fmall folio flieet.) 301. Aengemerckte voorvallen | Op de | Vredens Articulen | Met I PORTU- GAEL. I ANNO 1663. I 4°. CNoted incidents on the negociations with Portugal.) 16 pp. 302. MEMORIAEL | Van de Heere | ULLOA I Eerfte Minifter van fljne Ko- nincklijcke | Majefteyt van Portugael by den Hee- I ren Staten Generael der Vereenich- 1 de Nederlanden. I Overgegeven den 19. Septem- | ber 1663.14°- (Memorial of Don UUoa , First Minister of the King of Portugal to their High Might, the States General of the United Netherlands. Delivered Sept. l()th 1663.) 12 pp. X 2 17. ( 172 ) 1-7 BALTHAZAR GERBIER. (1656-60.) 303. WAERACHTIGE I VERKLARINGE | Nopende de | «öoube Ell ^üüe« JStJne/ I Waer van den Ridder I BALTHAZAR GERBIER, Douvily | gecontracteert heeft met eenige geafoffieerde | In ZEELANT. | In 's GRAVEN-HAGE , I Gedruckt by Johannes Rammazeyn , Boeck-drucker woonende | op do Vecrkaey, naeft de Beftelder inde Boeckdruckerye. 1656. I 4°. [True declaration on the Gold and Silver Mines upon which the Chevalier Balthazar Gerbier Douyilly has made a contract with several partners in Zeeland.) 8 pp. 304. WAARACHTIGE I Ferklaringe vanden RIDDER \ BALTHASAR GER- BIER , I B: Douvily ; I Noopende fijn faecke van Goude | en Silvere MYNEN, waer I over hy ghecontracteert hadde I met fekere Perfoonen in I ZEELANT. I 4'. [Other piece as the foregoing.) 8 pp. {Additions of authentic pieces 1657» 12 pp.) 305. Tweede Deel | Vande I WAERACHTIGE I VERCLARINGE | Nopende deHöOUÖC Etl ^ilüere ^rjtlE/lWaer van den Ridder | BALTHAZAR GERBJER, Douvily I gecontracteert heeft met eenige geafoffieerde | in ZEELANT. I In 's GRAVEN-HAGE I Gedruckt by Johannes Rammazeyn, Boeckdrucker woonende | op de Veer-kaey , naeft de Beftelder inde Boeckdruckerye, 1656. 1 4". {Second Part of the True Declaration regarding the Gold and Silver Mines y upon which the Chevalier Balthazar Gerbier has made a con- tract with feveral partners in Zeeland.") 10 pp. 306. Derde I VERCLARINGE I Aengaende de I (£50Utie CUbe Jillöece M^r\Z I Aenghewefen door den Ridder | BALTHASAR GERBIER, | BARON Douvily , I Dienende tot wederlegginghe van een Fameux | Libel uytge- fpogen tegens de Waerheyd I vande faecke cnde zyn perfoon. | In 's GRAVEN-HAGE, I Gedruct by lohunnes Rammazeyn, Boeckdrucker woonen-lde op de Veerkaey , naeft de Beftelder inde Boeckdruckerye, 1656. 4°. {Third ( 173 ) {Third Declaration respecting the Gold and Silver Mines pointed out by the Chev, Balthafar Gerbier^ Baron Douvily; serving as an ans- wer to a scandalous libel published contrary to the truth of the affair and against his person.") 4 PP« 307. OCTROY, I yan de Hoog: Moog: Heeren | Staten Generael , aengaende de \ ColoDie op de Wilde Kuft I Van | AMERICA. I Onder het beleyt van den Ridder \Ba.\thaz3r Gerbier Baron Douvily. \ Gedrackt in 't laer ons Hee- ren, 1659. I 4"- {Patent by their High Might, the States Gen. regarding the Colony on the IFild Coast of America. Under the conduct of the Chevalier Bal- thazar Gerbier, Baron Douvily,') 8 pp. 308. GEBEDT , I Van den Ridder | BALTHAZAR GERBIER , | Baron Doupilly, | PATROON ende COMMANDEUR I ran de Geoctroyeerde \ GUIAENSE COLONIË,! Op '* Schip \St. Jan Euangelift , ende 't Landt van Belof- ten. I t' Amsterdam,! Gcdruckt by GILLIS JOOSTEN , Boeck-drucker en Bocck- | vcrkooper in de Nieuwe-ftraet. Anno 1659. I 4°* {Prayer of the Chevalier Balthazar Gerbier Baron DouvUly, Patron and commander of the chartered Guiana Colony. On board the St. John the Evangelist, and the Land of Promise ) 8 pp. {With portrait o/ Gerbier on the reverse of the title.) 309. INFORMATIE I Voor de Rechtsgeleerde die van wegen d' Edele Hee- ren I Bewinthebbers van dc ghcoctroycerdc Weft-In | difche Compag- nye ghcrequireert Gjn hare ad- | vifen te geven op den I MOORDE IN CAJANY I Begaen , en waer van gemelt is in het Sommier | verhael door den BARON DOUVILY , | In druck contbaer geraaeckt. | 4". {Information for the lawyers who are delegated by the Directors of the West- India-Company to give their advice on the murder committed in Cajana; related in the account of Baron Gerbier.) 12 pp {See also N'^. 11 pag. 11.) 18. ( 174 ) i8. SCHULENBURGH. (i66a). 310. ACTE I Vande | STATEN VAN | GROENINGEN | Ende OMMELAN- DEN. | Daer by den HEER JOH AN Schuhnburgh Gecom- | mitteert inde Staten Generael, van alle Ampten Gede- | porteen wert, en hoe dat noch gerefervcert is , | tegens zyn Pcrfoon , ende goederen | te Proce- deren, I %tzva I Een fchriftelicke Conteftaiie van Groeningen tegens | Hollandt , wegens de Portugefche Tractaten. I Naer de Copye | Te Groe- ningen voor Hendrick Bronswijck | An. Ch. M D C LXII. I 4°. {Act by the States of Groningen and Ommelanden , by which Mr. J o- han Schulenburgh , former Deputy to the States General is Juspended in all his functions; and how it is referved to proceed against his Perfon and property. fFith the written Protest of Groningen and Om- melanden against Holland, regarding the Portuguese Treaties.) 8 pp. 311. SENTENTIE | gepronunchieert tegens | JOHAN SCHULENBURGH | Gewefen Staet Generael binnen GROENINGEN. | t'UTRECHT By AN- THONY BENEDICTI, Recht over 't Paus-Huijs 1663- {Sentence pronounced against Joh. Schulenburgh, late deputy to the States General.) QA fmall folio fheet.) 312. JUSTIFICATIE I VAN DE | Refolutien ende Proceduren by de J Ed. Mog. Heeren Staten van I STADT GRONINGEN I En I OMMELANDEN I ge- houden tegen den Heer | JOHAN SCHULENBORCH | wegens het ge- tracteerde met den | AMBASSADEUR van PORTUGAL | Ende Refutatie van de Deductie van denfelven daer I tegens gepubliceert. | In 't laer onfes Heeren 1662.14". {Justification of the Refolutions and Proceedings by their Mightinefses the States of Groningen and Ommelanden, against Johan Schulenburgh , on account of the negociations with the Portuguese Ambafsador , And the Refutation of the Deduction by the same , published against it.) 36 pp. 313. Accusatie ende Conclusie | overgegeven | Aen fijn Furftelycke Door- luckticheyt den HEER | PRINS | WILHELM FREDERICK van | NAS- SAUW &.C. Stadthouder van Stadt | en Lande | Ende de H. HEEREN gedelegeerde Richferen\ vzn beijde Leden defer Pro vintie. I DOOR | d' Ave- ( 173 ) Avocaten Fiscael by welgemelte Provincie ge-conftitueert ; | Op ende Tegem I Den gewefen Staet Generael | JOHAN SCHULENBORCH \ wegen defselfs verfcheijdene Crimes geduyrende fijn I Anipt , ende tegens de Provintie begaen. | Ah mede de Sententie daer op gevolght. \ Defe Editie is vermeerdert met de Inftructie en den Eedt der boven- \ genoemde H. Mee- ren gedelegeerde Richteren. \ Gedruckt tot Leuwarden, | By PIETER JELLIS , Boeckverkooper in de Peper-Rraet i in de Gecroonde Druc- kerye. (1662.) 14°. (^Accujation and Conclu/ion delivered to his Highnefs Prince Wil- liam of Nafsau , ftadtholder of Groningen and Ommelanden, and to the delegated judges of the two members for the said Province, by the Advo- cate Fiscal , against the late deputy to the States Gen., Johan Schulen- burg ; becaufe of his several crimes committed during his office against the Province. As alfo the Sentence pronounced thereupon. This edition is augmented with the Instruction and oath of the abovenamed j'ndges.) 88 pp. 19. cor MANS. (1662). ii4. l^^eemij üerQacl tian cen I üïaopnian üan SCmfterbam göcnacmt i UQ^vaml bte boo? ticrract be iJoutsfiujl ^icfIanbt; | gtem/ een Mxmt ban Ijare Ho: Jllo: be t^eeren ^ta^ ten I (i3cncrael bet .PereenigDbc J^eberlanben : .jï>(tfgabcc^ een | cilli5iffibe ban ben ^Directeur ^^cncrael Johan van Vaickcn- | burgh, aen Doogö' gemcltc ïjecren ^tatcn (i3eneracl: %\i \ niebc een olftract uptte .ïlliffibe Uy ben boo^'nocmbcn ©i- | rcctctir gljcfcljj^eben aen be 25cluintricuueren ban be XS^tp \ ginbifcDc Comyagiue/ alle noopenbe be yrocebiircn ber | as they brought their lands into cultivation before the year 1658 ; which terms of freedom, as they respectively expire , the co- lonists shall give the tithes to the city of Amsterdam , etc. (The remainder of this article as in the ist. Charter,) 25. land The colonists in New Nether- 21. The colonists who have not yet repaid the city for their board and transport, shall be held, till such time as [they have fully liquidated above mentioned expenses , to ad- drefs and consign all merchandises they will send thence,either to this city or to its deputies or agents, in order that they may be sold and made in- to money for the benefit of the pro- prietors , as has been agreed on. 22. 23. The goods the city possesses in ( 205 ) 1st Charter, land shall take out of the city's ware- house whatever they may require , at a fixed price, provided the ac- count thereof be transmitted with the colonists's goods, to be deducted therefrom. £.o 95, 90,97 iio— 112 fait par M. de Soufa Macedo. 1651. 4° 275 164 (Grondich) ov. d. Vredehandel. See: Uffelincx. (Kort) ov. O. en W. Ind. Comp. 1644. 4° 194 145 (Levendich) ov. d. O. en W. Ind. Comp. 1622. 4°. 99 113 (Nootwendich)v. Particip.d. O.I. C. 1622. 4°. 77,78,79,80 105 (Onpartydich) van Indien. See: Uflelincx. op Voorflaghenv.O.enW.I.Traffyken. ie dl. 1645.4°. 199,200 147 over de Nederl. Vredehandel. 1629. 4° 129 125 (Politiicq)ov. d. Welftant d. Vereen. Nederl. 1622. 4°, 91 109 Doleantie (Schriftel.) aeng. de Deenfche Afric. Comp. 1664. 319 177 DoNCK, A. V. d. , Befchrijv. v. Nieuw Nederl. 1655. 4° 7 4 Same work. 2^ ed. 1656. 4° 8 4 Donderslach (d. langhverwachten) in d. O. I. Eclips (1622) 4°. 86 107 E. Examen d. Refol. v. Amft. op W, I. C. 1649. 4° 253 159 op h. Vertooch teghen d. Vrijen handel in Brafil. 1637.4° 165,166 137 Extract d. Haupt Pundlen d. Siider Comp. 1633. fol 44 95 uyt Artic. v. Beftand met Jan IV. 1641. 4° 180 141 uyt d. Brief v. Raeden in Brafil. 1635. 4° 148 131 uyt e. Brief in Mauritsftadt. 1649. 4° 258 160 uyt Mifs. v. Refid. op 't Recif. 1648. 4° 247 158 uyt 't Regifter d. Refolutien. 1647. 4° 234 156 V. Brieven v. Rebellie d. Portug. in Brafil. 1646.4". 213 150 V. d. Brief V. Piet Heyn. i6a8. 4° 113 119 V. feeck. Brief uyt Loando. 1648. 4° 238 156 F. ( 2"-7 ) F. N°. Pag. Ferreira, Gafp. Dias, Epiftola. 1649.4° 239 157 Fin de la Guerre. (1624?) 4° loi 114 Gerbier, B., Gebedt. 4° 308 173 Informatie op de Moorde in Cajana. 4° 309 173 Oftroy aeng. de Wilde Kiift. 1659. 4° 307 173 Sommier verhacl v. Amcric. Voyagie. 1660. 4°, 1 1 11 and Additions. Waeracht. Verklar. nop. de Goudc en Silv. mijne. 1656. 3 dl. 4° 303, 304, 305, 306 172 Gheluckwenschinghe aen de W.-Ind. Comp. 1624. 4°. 103 115 Ghepretendeerde (De) overlafl: in Brafil. 1638. 4° 170 138 Guelen, A. de. Relation de Phernambucq. 1640. 4° 155 134 fee: Quelen. H. Haerlems Schuytpraetjen. 1649. 4° 262 161 I. Instellinge V. de Comp. in Port. na Brafil. 1649. 4° 257 160 Instruction d. Slider Comp. in Schweden. 1633. fol 45 96 JouRNAEi. nop. de Rcbellye d. Portug. in Brafil. 1647.4° 229 154 Justificatie V. Refoluticn tegen Schulenborch. 1662. 4°.... 312 174 K. K(eye), o., het waerc ondcrfcheyt tuffchcn koude en warme landen (1659). 4° 10 11 and Additions. — Same work in German: Kurtzer Entw. v. New- Niederland. 1672. 4° 12 12—14 Klaghte ( 228 ) N°. Pag. Klachte d. W.-I. Comp. tegen de O.-I. Comp. 4° 327 179 Klagh-vertoogh (Naarder) v. W.-I. C. ov. Engelfchen in N. Nederl. 1664.4° 341 21010213 Klagh-vervolgh V. d. Deenfchen Koninck. 1662 4° 318 176 Klagten (Naerdere) v. Carifius. 1660. 4° 317 176 L. Laet, de, Nieuwe Wereld of Befchryving v. America. 1625. fol. i i Same work. 2^ ed. 1630. fol 2 i Novus orbis. 1633. fol 3 i Hiftoire du Nouv. Monde. 1640. fol 4 1 Hiftorie d. W.-Ind. Comp. 1644. fol 22 70 Lauwercrans (Volm.) over 1629. Hard. 1630. 4° 117 120 LiEBERGEN, A. V., Apologic ovcr Brafil. 1643.4° 183 142 Licht (Klaer) aeng. de combinatie d. O. en W.-Ind. Comp. 1644. 4° 188, 189 144 Lof d. O. Ind. Comp. 1646. 4° 203 148 Lofdicht ov. d. Siivervlote. 1629. 4° 118 121 v. d. Exployten v. W. Ind. Comp. 1629. 4° 120* 122 M. Manifest d. Inwoond. v. Parnambuco. 1646. 4° 214, 215 150, 151 V. Oorl. en Manifeftatie. 1659. 4° 290 168 V. Oorl. tuflchen Port. en Nederl. 1658.4° 289 168 V. Portugal. 1641. 4° 173 13B Marquard, de jure mercatorum. 1662. fol 42 98 Meerbeeck, Redenen om Brafilien te bemacht. 1624. 4° 105 115 Melton, E., Zee- en Land-reizen. 1681.4° 16 24 Same work. New ed. 1702. 4° 17 24—26 AenmCrckenswaerd. Weft-Ind. zeereizen. 1705. 4°. 18 26 Memoriael V. Ulloa v. Port. 1663. 4° 302 171 Memorie niet te wijken v. d. Indien fee: Uffclincx. V. H. de Sousa de Tavares. 1661. 4° 294 169 Missive ov. O. en W. Ind. Navigat. 1621. 4° 92,93,94 109, iio (Sceck.nad.) uyt Brafil ov.h. gevecht 19 Apr. 1648. 4°. 244 158 — v. W. I. Comp. aen Stat. Gen. 1664. 4°. . . 323 178 Mon- C "9 ) N°. Pag. MoNTANUS, A., Befchrijv. v. America. 1671. fol 14 19 — 23 Same work in German. 1673. fol 15 23 MoREAU, Befchrijv. v. de lefte beroerten in Brafil. 1652.4°.. 277 164 MoTivEN d. OiEciers in Brafil.met de Portug. te contrad:. 1654. 283 166 o. Observatien (Korte) op h. Vertooch nop. Brafil. 1647. 4° 218 152 Octroy aen de W.-Ind. Comp. 1621, 1623, 2 reprints. 1624, 1629. Reprint. 1642.4° S4to6i 99toioi aeng. de Colonic op de Wilde Kuft. 1659.4° 307 173 de la Comp. d. Indes Occid. 1623. 4° 62 loi d. Slider Comp. — 1626. fol 46 96 V. Guft. Adolpli aen d. Zuyder Comp. 1627. 4° 41 92 (Gener.) voor ontdeckenv. Nieuwe Paflagien. 1614. fol. 329 180 (Hct Geamplieerde) v. d. O. I. C. 1623. 4° 82 106 Onderrichtinge (Korte) om te teeckenen in de W. Ind. Comp. 1622.4° 98 113 Onderscheyt tulTchen koude en warme landen, fee: Keye. Ondersoeck d. Amrterd. Rcqucften. 1628. 4° I12 118 Ontdeckinge v. rij eke mijnen in Brafil. 1639. 4° 172 138 Ontworp in de W.-Ind. Comp. 1644. 4° 190 144 OoGHENSALVE voor Particip. v. 0. en W. Ind. Comp. 1644.4°. 193 145 Ordonnantien op cene W.-Ind. Comp. 1621. 4° 51,52 98 Same work. 1623 53 98 Ordre en Reglement om te varen in de limiten v. li. Octroy. 1033-4° i6i 136 (Nadre) om Hout te halen, enz. 1637. 4° 163 136 P. Paraupaba, A. , twee Remonflrantien. 1657. 4° 285 166 Pels, E., Lofdicht v. Piet Heyn. 1629. 4° 119 121 Pick, J, , Brief uit Todos Ie Santos. 1624. 4° 102 115 Placcaet op de W.-Ind. Comp. 1621. 4° 50 98 (on commerce on Punto del Rey) 1622. fol 64, 65 102 over adlien in de W.-Ind. Comp. te verkoopen. 1630.4° 72,73 103 Plac- ( ^30) N°. Pag. Placcaet (Reftricft. of trade) 1622. fol 68 102 tegen: Nootwend'tch Difcours. 1622. fol. 4° 79 , 80 105 tegen Wechloopers v. W.-Ind. Comp. 1625. 4°.... iio 117 PLOCKHOY,Coi-n.,Ontw. v.Volckplanting in N. Nederl. (1662). 4°. 339 205 to 208 PoiNCTEN V. Confideratie ov. Portugal. 1648. 4° 245 158 PoRTUGAELSCHEN Donderflagh. 1641. 4° 175 139 PoRTüGOYSEN gocdcn buyrman, 1649. 4° "ö6 162 Practycke V. d. Spaens. AelTack. 1629. 4° 123 123 Propositie v. Fr. de Soufa Cout. 1647. 4° 221 153 (Naerdere) v. F. de Soufa Cout. 1647. 4°. 222,223 153 Propositio per F. de Soufa Cout. 1647. 4° 220 152 Propositions cathegor. de M. de Souza Macedo. 1651. 4°.... 276 164 pres. par de Souza Macedo. 1Ó51. 4° 274 164 Protest ov. d. Silvervlote. 1629. 4° 121 122 Q. QuELEN, A. de, Eftat de Phernambucq. 1640. 4° 155 I34 Verhacl v. Fernambuc. 1640. 4° 156 134 R. Rapport over 't verov. v. d. Silvervloot. 1628. 4° 114 119 Recueil de Difcours de Brun. 1651. 4° 271 163 (Somni.) de ne quitter les Indes fee: Uffelincx. Reden dat de VV. I. Comp. profyt. is. 1636. 4° 162 136 Redenen en omftandigh. v. Fern. Telles de Faro. 1659. 4°.. 293 169 om geen vrede met Sp. te maecken. 1630. 4° 135 127 Reglement op d. handel op Brazil. 1Ó48. 4° 242 157 op d. handel op Paulo de Loando. 1648. 4° 241 157 ov. openftellen v. handel op Braül. 1638. 4° 168 137 Remarques et Deduél. furie mem. de Downing. 1665. 4°.... 344 214 plus partic. et repl. rl la Dupl. de Downing. 1666. 351 216 Remonstrantie aen de Staten Gen. 1644. 4° 195 146 aeng. Vereen, v. O. en W.-Ind. Comp. 1Ó44. 4°. 196 146 d. W.-I. C. jegens Charifius. 1664.4° 3^0 177 • ■ d. W.-I. Comp. ov. Engelfchen in N. Nederl. 1663. fol 340 208 to 210 Re- ( 231) N». Pag. Remonstrantie v. Hooftpanicip. v. W.-I. Comp. 1649. 4°.. . 249 159 V. d. Kon. V. Boh. ov. d. Treves. 1629. 4°. 131 125 ■ (Seeck.) door gedeput. uyt Brazyl. 1657. 4°. 286 167 Repetitio (Brevis) ad compon. res Brafil. 1647. 4° 224 153 Resolutie d. Staten v.Holl. en mifs. v.Valckenburg. 1664.4°. 325,326 178, 179 Resolutien d. Staten v. Holland en W. Vriefl. 1524 to 1795. 314 vol. fol 21 40 to 70 Reysboeck V. Brafilien. 1624. 4° 106 11 6 s. , ScHAEDE by verfuym. de O. en W. I. Comp. ééntemaecken. 1644.4° 191 ' 19- 144» 145 Schriftel. Notificatie en proteft v. Miranda. 1663. 4° 299 170 ScHULENBURGH, J. , A(5le V. deportatie. 1662. 4° 310 I74 (Accufatie en conclufie tegen) (1662). 4°. 313 174 (Juftificatie v. de Refolut. tegen) 1662.4°. 312 I74 (Sententie tegens). 1663. fol 311 I74 Sententie jegens Coeymans. 1662. 4° 3i5 ^76 ■ jegens Schulenburch. 1663. fol 311 174 Speculatien op 't Concept v. regiem, op Brazil. 1648. 4°... 243 158 Spel v. Brafilien. 1638. 4° 149, 150 132 Spranckhuysen, D., Tranen ov. d. dood v. Piet Heyn. 1629. 4°. 124 123 — Triumphe ov. d. Silver-V'lote. 1629. 4° 115 "9 Staertsterre (Nieuwe ongew. wond.) op 't Recif. 1653. 4°. 278 165 Staten Gen. d. Nederl. (over Ponugezen in Braz.) 1630. fol, 143 130 Stucken gement. in d. Byekorf. fee: Uflelincx. SwijMELKLACHT V. Phil. IV ov. d. Silvervlotc. 1629. 4° 120 121 T. Teellinck, W., fee: Wachter (de tweede) v. Bahia. Tegenadvys op de prefent. v. Portugal. 1648. 4° 23Ö 156 Tegen-vertooch op: Nootw. Difcours. 1622. 4° 81 106 Tekel of Weechfchale d. Sp. monarchie. 1629. 4° 122 1 22 Toestant d. fwevende verfchillen tuflchen O. en W. C. 1664. 322 178 Tractaet en Alliantie tuflchen Port. en Nederl. 1661. 4° 296 170 tegens Pays met Spaengien. 1629. 4° I34? 135, 13Ö 12Ö, 127 — . V. Beftant v. Jan IV v. Port. 4° 178 140 Trac- ( 232 ) N°. Pag. Tractatus indue. Joh, IV, Reg. Lufit. 1642. 4° 176 139 Translaet uyt d. Spaenfchen ov. h. gevecht met Houtebeen. 1639-4° 154 133 Trattado das Trcgoas de Joao IV. 4° 177 140 Trouhertighe ondcrrightinge ov. handel op Africa. N. Ne- derl., edt. 1643. 4° 333 182 TwEEdeduélienaeng.Vereen.v. O.enW.-Ind. Comp. 1644.4°. 197,198 146, 147 Tydingh V. d. tocht V. Brouwer nae de Zuydzee. 1644. fol. 185 143 Tydinghe (Goede nieuwe) uyt Brefilien. 1624. 4° 104 115 u. UDEMANS,GDF.,GeeftcIyckRoerv. 'tCoopmans-Schip. 1638. 4°. 23 70 Same work. 2^. ed. 1640. 4° 24 71 T Same work. 3^. ed. lósS- 4° 25 7i Uytwissinge d. Blamen tegen Treves. 1630. 4° 137 127 UssELiNcx, W., Bedenck. over d. Staet d. Nederl. 1608. 4°. 29 89 Naerder Bedenck. ov. d. Zeevaerdt. 1608.4°. 3i»32 89,90 Difcours by torme v. Remonftr. ov. O.-Ind. Navig. 1608. 4° 35 90 — Grondich Difcours ov. d. Vredehandel. 1608. 4°. 30 89 Onpartydich Difcours v. Indien. 1608. 4°... 36 91 Memorie v. d. redenen niet te wyckcn v. de Vaert v. Indien. 1608. 4° 38 91 Oftroy V. Guftaef Adolph aen de Zuyder Comp. 1627. 4" 41 97 Same work in German. 1633. fol 46 96 Sommaire recueil d. raifons de ne quitter les Indes. 1608. 8° 39 92 Stucken gcment. in d. Byecorf. 1Ó08. 4° 40 97 ■ — Vertoogh hoe nootwend. voor de Nederl. de vrijheid V. handelen op W.-I. te behouden. 1608. 4°. 33,34 9° — • — Waerfchouw. over d. Treves. 1633. 4° 48 97 ■ Same work. 1630. 4° 49 97 Waerfchouw. v. redenen niet te wycken v. de Vaert v. Indien. 1608. 4° 37 9^ Uytvaert v. d. W.-Ind. Comp. 1645. 4° 204 148 V. (^33 ) V. N°. Pag. Valckenburgh, J. v.. Brief aen Stat. Gen. 1665. fol 324 178 Verbael V. van Beverningh , enz. ov. de Vredehandel. 4°. 1715. 335 201 V^EREEN. Nederl. Raedt. Deel i. 2. 1628, 1629. 4° 127,128 124 Veriiael (Autentyck) v. Voorgevallen in Brafil. 1640. 4°.... 157 134 (Alltent.) V. 't gene in Brafil is voorgev. 1645. fol. 205 149 (Cort) V. de ordre aen de la Torre. 1640.4° 153 133 (Cort, Bond. en Waeracht.) v. 't scliand. overgeven V. Brafil. 1654. 4° 284 166 — (Gorten waeracht.) v. d. Portug. revol. (1647). 4°. 227 154 (Cort en waeracht.) v. Seeftrydt by Bahia. 1631. 4°. 146 131 (Gedcnckweerd.) v. Gccommitt. v. H.M. 1630. 8°. 144 130 (Het naderfte Journael) uyt Brafil. 1640. 4° 151 13a ■ (Kort) v. Nieuw-Nederl. gelegentheit. 1662. 4° 13 14 — 19 V. d. Tocht V. Wafl^enaer naer Port. 1657 287 167 (Vreemd) v. een Koopman, Koyman. 1662. fol.... 314 175 (Waeracht.) V. d. Reyfc v. Lam na Guinea. 1626.4°. io3 117 Verueerlickte Nederland door de Zeevaart. 1659. 4° 9 5 — 10 Veriiooginge d. Capitalen d. W.-Ind. Comp. (1629). fol. (1639). 4° 71,74,75 102—104 Verkondiginghe V. Beftant met Jan IV v. Port. 1641. 4° 179 140 Verkondiginge V. Vrede tuflchen Port. en Nederl. 1663. fol. 300 171 Veroveringii V. Olinda. (1630). 4° 142 129 Vertiiooninge aen de Nederl. bij een Onderdaen. 1661.4°... 295 170 V^ERTOocH aeng. de Regering d. O.-I. Comp. 1629. 4° 76 105 (Claer) v. de adten v. Poortugael in Brafil. 1647.4°. 228 154 (Klacr) v. d. Direftie d. O.-I. C. 1624. 4° 33 107 nopende de proced. in Brafil. 1647. 4° 217 151 ov. d. toeftant d. W.-Ind. Comp. 1651. 4° 273 1Ö4 tegen h. fluyten v. Vryen handel in Brafil. 1637. 4°. 164 137 van Nieu-Nederlandt. 's Grav. 1650. 4° 3 2 V. vrijh. V. handelen op W.-I. fee: UiTelincx. VoisiN (Le bon) Ie Portugais. 1646.4° 212 150 VooRLoopER V. Witte Corn, de With. 1Ó50 4° 270 163 weg. de verraderye uit Brafil. 1646. 4° 210 150 Voort- C 234 ) N°. Pag. VooRTGANCK V. d. W.-Ind. Comp. 1623. 4° 100 113 Voorvallen (Aengem.) op de Vredenart. met Port. 1663. 4°. 301 171 Vries, D. P. de, Korte Hiftoriael v. Voyagien. 1655- 4° 336 201 Vruchten (De) v. 't Monfler v. d. Treves. 1630. 4° 138 127 Vrijheden aen degene die naer Brafil gaen. 1644. fol 186 143 V. Colonien in N. Nederlandt. 1630.4° 331 181 w. Wachter (de tweede) v. Bahia. 1625. 4° 109 117 Waerschouwinghe niet te wijeken v. d. Indien, fee: Uflelincx. . op de W.-I. Comp. (1622). fol 67 102 Wassenaer, Cl., Hiftor. Verhael. 1622. 21 pts. 4° 330 180, 181 Weerdenburch , Miff. ov. de verover, v. Olinda. 1630. 4°. 139, 140 128 Welvaert v. de W.-Ind. Comp. (1646). 4° 211 150 West-Ind. Comp. (1622). fol 66 102 Difcours. 1653. 4° 279 165 z. Zeeusche Verrekijker. 1649. 4*^ 264 161 -^>ScS53<&- ADDITIONS and CORRECTIONS to G, M. ASHEIl'S BY Fred. Muli. er. Page II. N°. io._/7fr waere Onderfcheyt, etc, — Add after the letters 0. K., line 17 from the top: OCtto) K(eye) , (gewefene Capiteyn ten diende der Vereenigde Nederlanden in Brazyl , endc jegenwoordigh Eerlte Raedt van de Gcoctroycerdc Guajaenfche Colonye.) — (formerly a Captain in the service of the United Netherlands in Brazil, and now firth counsellor to the Patented Colony of Guiana.) Page II. N". II. There are s editions of this rare piece; the one has been described, and the other has the word: Ameriltaenfche in capital letters. The described edition has on the title: Cedrukt , the other: Ge- druckt. — Both editions run thus: DESCRIBED EDITION. OTHER EDITION. Title. — Plate with the 2 portr. p. I. 2. 3, and upper part of4. iSömm/<;r verhael in Latin characters, p. 4. (lower part)5.6. Rflatioa. French poem. Italics. p. 7,8. De hast» 'woorden. Dutch poem. Italics. Same plate. — End. Title. — Plate with the 2 portr. p. I, 2. and upper part of Z' Sommier verhael in black letter. p.4,S.ile/4 century (Philadelphia is marked upon it as a large town]) there are very many indications which prove that the more recent names upon it are 'only additions, and that the plate belongs to a much earlier period. This circumstance has alfo (truck Mr. Armstrong, whose observations were indeed made before ours , but did not become known to us till the materials for this essay had already been arranged. We have endeavoured to ascertain to which period this first engraving belongs, and the following are the observations upon which our conclusions are founded : I. On comparing the names of places on these thirteen maps , I have discovered that those which are not upon the map N°. 8 (N. J, Visscher's) though given in the more recent delineations (N'^^ 12 to 18), and which were added by Mon- tanus and H. Allard, are wanting upon Danckers's; the latter has however but a very small number of those names of places which ( II ) which were not to be found upon N% 15, and which were only added upon N". 16 by Carolus Allard. There are even some, as for instance that of the isle of Limbo , which N, J. Visscher has given and Danckers not, II. Danckers has given the course of the Delaware in a manner different from all the other maps ^ with the exception of that of Lotter (N», 20), and this indication is entirely erroneous; that of Visscher and of the other 10 maps is however compa- ratively correct. III. The title of Visscher's map is : Novae Belg. etc. deli- neatio multis in locis ermndata a N. I. Visscher. Let us now examine what is meant by these words. The other maps of our collection on which we find this expression used — No% 10. and 14 — (N". 19 is the map of Danckers) — are exact counterfeits with some very trifling alterations; all the maps on which the engraver has changed more, and even some on which he has done still Icfs , are represented as new works. It is therefore not unlikely that N. J. Visscher's MAP is also such A COUNTERFEIT FROM AN OLD PLATE AFTERWARDS RETOUCHED by Danckers. Visschcr would have considerably altered the old delineation by correcting the course of the Delaware and adding a few names. Let us resume the facts which lead to this conclusion. 0. The old plate of Danckers contains fewer indications than that of N. J. Visscher. b. It contains some mistakes which Visscher has corrected. c. The words multis in locis emendata would be appropriately used to designate such a copy from such an original. d. It is hardly pofsiblc that the erroneous delineation of the Delaware on Danckers's Map should be more recent than the almost correct design of N. J. Visscher, Are we obliged to abandon this very simple thesis, the whole history of this curious document becomes unintelligible. As to the date of our original map, it must be between 1650 and 165Ó. For there is upon it a mistake reproduced by all the copyists: the mouth of the Hudson is called Godyri's Bay. The source of this error is to be found in the following passage of V, d. Donck's Vertoogh, p. 9. C ^2 ) ente öe ^aeij ^cïf^ taort gücnacmt ^f liu-^ort^ j^^acp / nu ttt tijt (^Oiiijn^ 'iil5aep/ (i. e. and the Bay itselfis named New- Port-May , now Godyn's Bay.) These words have been misunderstood in the above-mentioned- manner. On the other hand the existence of N. J, Visscher's map even before 1656 is clearly proved by the document to which it was found attached in the Dutch Royal Archives , by M*". R, Brodhead (See: Brodhead, p. Ó21). (i) 8. The Map of N. J. VisscnER has the following title: NOYI BeLGII 1 NOV^QUE ANGLIA.E KEG NGN | PaP^TIS | ViB- QiistM I ÏAUULA I multis in locis emendata a 1 Nicolao Joannii Fisschero. — Size: 1 f. i o inches by i f. 7 inches. This map is very scarce ; in fact I know of no copy in the hands of a private individual. There is one in the Royal library at the Hague, and another attached to the above-mentioned document in the archives. 9. The Map of Van der Dowck ; the title is : Nova Belgica five Nieuw Nederland, and at foot: E. NieuwenhofF. Size I foot by 7 inches. The map and the view upon it are both copied from Visscher. 10. The first map of Hugo Allard is entitled : Novi Belgii | RovjEQUE Angliae »eg WON | Partis ViRGiisiiB Tabula \ multis jn locis emendata a | Hugo Allardt. Size same as that of Visscher's map. This map contains all the materials of Visscher's delineation, with two exceptions: a* The places Paucocomo^ Kapaunick and Ottachug in Virginia. (1) On a close examination I believe the map of Danckers to be ibe very same copperplate as VissCBER's map, and ibat the plan of Piiiladelphia was afterwards engraved on it. {Note of Mr. BODEL NYEHflCls) C I o / b, A rivulet that falls into the St. Lawrence river on the extreme western border of the map. But as these three places are to be found on all the anterior maps published from the labours of Jolm Smith, we cannot ascribe these variations to a ciilFerence in geographical opinion; it is simply an omission of the engraver's. 11. The second map of Scqesk and Vat.ck, although published about 1690, is bat a copy of N. J. Visscher, without any of the later corrections. The title is : Belgit Novi I Anglic Nov;e et Partis ViRGirii^ Novifsima Delincatio | ProstatH ^msteloclami apud I Petrum Schenk et Geranium Valk 1 C. P. j 12. The Map of Mo^tanus and Ogilby, published in the book described in our bibliography, p. 19 to 28, and in Ogilby's America, London. 1671 fol. It is entitled: Novi Belgii I Oiiod nunc Novi Jorck vocatur, I Nov^que AhglIvE & I Partis Virgim;e | Accumtmima et Novissma \ Delihcatio . Size i f. j> inches , by 11 inches (see Armstrong p. 9.) — We are unable to decide whether the plate from which this map was printed was engraved for Montanus or for Ogilby, though we are much inclined to ascribe it to the former. In the first place the engraving resembles not only the other maps and prints of Dapper's great colkxtion , (of which Montanus's work forms a part) but it is also very similar to many other Dtitch engravings; at the same lime it is unlikely that an English publisher would have copied a Dutch map (that of Visscher) in preference to an English production, the more especially as far as New England and Virginia were concerned. For the delineation of those regions he might have found much better materials among his own countrymen. On the other hand , this map contains some additions and alterations by which it differs from Vifscher's, and principally in the new names of places and provinces introduced by the English after the reduction of those colonies. An Englishman would have been most likely to make the above-mentioned al- te- C '4 ) terations ; we therefore think it probable that the map was a joint speculation of the English and Dutch editors , in which the alterations were made by the former, but the execution was committed to the hands of a Dutch engraver, 13* The second Map of Hugo Allard opens a new series. Although the engraver has used his old plate (N°. 10 of this list) he has retouched it in a way which gives it a new appear- ance. His alterations are: I. He has taken away the old view of New Amsterdam and replaced it by a showy engraving, most probably the work of the celebrated RoMEYN DE Hooghe, representing the capture of New Amsterdam by the Dutch, in the year 1673. We have given a reduced copy of this engraving, at the head of our list of names. II. Having thus taken away the space in which he and the other engravers had placed the title, he was obliged to put it in one line at the top of his map. This title is as follows : Tonus Neobelgii Nova et Agguratissima tabula. The en- graving of New-Amsterdam is inscribed : ^'iQuw-Amsterdam on /angsNiQuw Jork gememt \ en JUi hernomen by de Nederlanders den 24 /lug, 1673. At foot, in a corner: Hugo Allardt excut, III. Allard has added a considerable number of places, chiefly on the Hudson and Delaware, some on the Fresh River, none in Virginia or New-England. A much more recent reprint of this same plate , by R. and J. Ottens (^No. 18), and which was in reality executed about 1740 or 1750, has been considered by the American historians as the original work ; and they have attempted to prove that it was executed on the occasion of the capture of New Amsterdam. This can only be correctly faidof our map , not of that of the two Ottens , who lived in the middle of the iS'h century. 14. About 1690 Nicolas VisiCHER retouched the old plate of N. J. Vifscher (N". 8). He has added all the emendations of Montanus and Alhrdt, and also the city of Philadelphia and the C 15) the name of the State of Pennsylvania. Some names , for instance Nieu Casteel , one of the names of Fort Christina , are to be found on no map but his. lie has retained the old view of New Amsterdam and has engraved the title upon the shield which forms part of the ornament. This tide is as follows: Novi Belgii I Nov^QUE Anglic keg non | Partis | Vihgiri^ TABULA I multis in locis emendata | per Nicolaum f^isfcher. The size is of course that of the old plate. 15. Carolds Allardt has retouched the plate of Hugo, but without making any alterations. This map is therefore entirely the same as No. 13, with the only exception that the words, Hugo Allardt excut^ have been replaced by: Carolus Allardt cxcut, 16. The same engraver has again retouched the plate , but he has now made some alterations. I. The three places in Virginia and the rivulet, wanting in the former maps (No. 10. 13. 15) are here added. II. We find alfo the greater part of N. Vifscher*s additions. III. To the inscription on the plate of New Amsterdam (see N°. 13) he has added the words : eindelijk aan de Engelfe weder afgeflaan (^finally again surrendered to tlie English.) IV. He has taken away the inscription Carolus Allardt Excut^ and replaced it by the following title, engraved upon the or- nament which surrounds the view: Typis I Caroli | Allard | Amftelodami \ cum privilegio. 17 The Map of Joaghim Ottens. This publisher has merely changed the words Caroli Allard, into Joachim | Ottews. j The plate is that of the elder Allard. 18. R. and J. Ottens have again used the old plate. They have taken away the words: typis Joachim, and replaced them by: apud Reimer & Josua. Cï/c.) The title is now: Apud 1 Reinierum & Josuam | Ottens [ Amstelodami, 19. Danckers' Map has been spoken of in the beginning of our essay. It C i6 ) It is of the same size as that of Vifscher and bears the following title : NOVI BeLGII I NOViEQUE AnGLI^ KEG | NON PENNSYLVANIA ET Partis | Virgikije tabula j multis in locis emendata a Justo Darckers. | On the view of New Amsterdam the following inscription is placed: Nicuw YoRGK I eertijts s;enoemt I Nieuw Amsterdam ( op '/ e^lant Manhattans» (New Yorlc, formerly called New Amster- dam , on Manhattan island.) 20. The Map of Letter is entitled: Receks edita I toriiis | Novi Belgii | in | America Skpten- TRiONALi I fjti ) delineatio | ciira et fumtibus | Tob. gonr. Lotteri I Sac. Caef. Maj. Geographi J August. Vind. Size : T f. 6 inches, by i f. 9V2. This map is copii^d from Danckers and from one of the dif- ferent editions of Allardt's plate. It contains all the inaccuracies of Danckers, the faulty course of the Delaware, etc. ; the views although taken from Allardt's plate , is inferior in point of execution to the original. 20. After the termination of our map and of the corres- ponding list 1 found in M^ Bodel's collection a reduced copy of Vifbcher's map; only 6 inches by aVa* It is therefore but a mere sketch , and seems to have formed part of a larger map of P. ScHiïNCKj its title is: Batavorum coloniae, ggcide>-t. Indus septentrionalis Amerigjb implantatae. In the upper right hand corner is to be found a very much reduced view of New-Amsterdam from Vifscher*s map. 21. The last Dutch map containing any new materials for the geography of New-Nctherland, owes its origin to Nicolas VissGHER , the pretjector of the map N**. 14. This now under review forms pnrt of a collection enttiied ATLAS NOUVEAU , CONTENANT TOUTES LES PARTIES DU MONDE. PALi SANSON PRÉSENTÉ AU DAUPHIN par Jaillot. Ams.. P. Mortier Cabout 1700.) fol. The C 17 ) The map itself is inscribed : Nova Tabula Geographica gomplegtens Bore&lioreu AlMe- RiGAE Partem in qua exagte delineatae sunt [ ga.vada sive Nova Frasgia, Nova Scotia, Nova Anglia , Novum Belgium, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Carolina, et Terra Nova, gum omm- BÜS LiTTORUM I PULVINORUMQUE PrOFÜNDITATIBUS . AmSTLODAMI , k NiGOLAo VissGHER. Cuiii Privikgio Ordinum Generalium Foe- derati Belgii. | 2 Sheets, each 2 f . i inch by i f. 8 inches. N. Visscher, whose map is far more correct than any other that has come down to our days , seems to have consulted many authorities , either unknown to contemporary geogra- phers or neglected by them. The outline of the coast and the course of the rivers are much more correctly given than even in many more recent publications. But the scale is unfor- tunately so reduced, that one can hardly draw any conclusions from the situations of places as there indicated. The differences between this and the other maps, in as far as the names of places are concerned, will be shown in the list of names. The map extends frpm the 52"'' to the ^y<^ degree of north latitude, and from the 296'^ to the 317'*' of longitude; its size is tlie same as that of Visscher's other map. 2a. The atlas of H. Hondius contains a delineation of Vir- ginia, headed: Nova Virginiae Tabhla (at foot stands : Amste- lodami , ex officina Henrici Hondii.) This map I have submitted to a careful comparison with those of New Netherlands the result will be found in the list of names. 23. I have alfo compared the map contained in Lambrecht- sen's work. 24. Neither has the comparison of Mr. Brodhead's map been omitted. It was not till my map and the corresponding lists were printed off that I discovered the following ; Nova Anglia | Septentrionali Americae implantata | Anglo- rumque coloniis j florentissiraa | Geographiae exhihita è JOH, BAPTIST A HO MAN \ Sac. Caes. mas. Geographo | Norimbergae. 1 f . 6 inch, by I f, 9 inch. en C C »8 ) This Map contains also New-Netherland. It differs very little from those of Visscher, Danckers and Allard. 11. Charts. The Charts of New-Netherland , although not so numerous as the maps, are of hardly less geographical importance, being mostly derived from other sources than the maps, and contain- ing information , in many instances probably more correct , as mistakes would here lead to much more serious consequences. Some of these Charts are contained in the Atlas of Petür Goos, which bears the title : De I ^etf^tiü$ I vDfte I WATER- WERELD | wacF in vertoont werden alle de j Zee- Kusten | van het bekende des | Aerd- BoDEMs I Seer dienflig voor alle \ Heeren en Kooplieden , %\§, OOCfi b0Or aïïe | Schippers en Stuurlieden. | Gefneden , gedruckt en uytgegeven ( t'Amsteldam | By Pieter Goos, op de Texelfe Kay by de | Sparendamerbrugh in de Zee-Spiegel. i6ó8. Another edition with the same maps bears the year 1676- This atlas contains the following Charts : N»»*. aa, 23, 24. aa. Pascaerte van de | Vlaemfche^ Soute en Caribefche \ Eylan- den^ alsmede Terra Nova en \ de Custen van Nova Francia^ l^ova Atiglia , Nieu Nederlandt , Venezuela , Nueva Andalusia , Guiana en \ een gedeelte van Brazil. Ï f. 9 inch, by I f, 4Va inch. 23. Pascaerte van \ Nieu Nederlandt j en de Engehche \ Vih- GiBiES I van Cabo Cod tot Cabo Canrick,^ I f . 9 inch, by I f. 4V2 inch. 24. Paskaerte I van \ dt Zuydt en Noordt Revier in \ NieuNe- DER LANDT ! Strcckendevan Cabo Hinloopen \ totRech-Kewach, | I f. lo'/j inch, by i f. j^/^ inch. The charts of Goos differ in very many points from the anterior maps of New-Netherland, and seem to be more in ac- cor- C 19) cordance with modern investigations. Still however they are very far from satisfactory, for not only the indication of the localities is vague, but even the outline of the coast is incorrect and must lead to dangerous mistakes. In every point superior to the charts of Goos are those of RoGGRVEEN, who published a special Sea- Atlas of the American coasts, under the singular title: J^Et I Eerste Deel i ban X^tt j Brasdende Veen | ^^crïicïjteniie ^tï}tt\ 1 West-Indien | De vaste Kust en de Eylanden , | ^e- gimientic ban | Rio Amasohes, { a5n etjntiocntic | Benoorde Ter- ranova I 23egcörcfaen 1 Door 1 JRENT ROGGETEEN. \ t' Amfteldam | a5E^nceben / «ïJeijrucïit EH uijtöe0ebEnti0arPiETEa Goos I in Compagnie met ÖEH Autheur | Met privilegie voor 15 jaren. This atlas was published in 1675, and contains the following maps of New Netherland : 25. {p.6 of Roggeveen) Pascaerte yan de \ FIRGINJES \ van Baya de la MadcUna tot de \ Zuydt Revier, 26. (R. 27O Pascaerte van | NIEU TSEDERLAND \ Streckende van de Zuydt Revier | tot deNoordt Revier \ en '/ lange Eyland. j 27. (R. 28.) Pascaerte van ) TilEU NEDERLAND \ Strec- kende fan de Noordt Revier \ tot Hendrick Christiaens Eylandt. ) a8. CR. 29-) Pascaert van NIEÜ NEDERLAND \ van Hendrik Christiaens Eyland \ tot Staten hoeck ofCabo Cod. These maps of Roggeveen are 1 f . 7 inch, broad and i f. 4 inch. long. They are printed on beautiful paper and very carefully coloured and even ornamented with gold. But although superior both to the maps of the same period and to the anterior charts, they are still far from correct , notwithstand- ing the prolonged and numerous inveltigations their author profesfes to have made. Even the map of N. Visfcher (N*». ai) with all its imperfections , is like the work of a later age when compared with them. Under these circumstances it becomes doubtful doubtful whether we can safely rely on the numbers indicating the sandbanks along the coast , and which would else give in- teresting data for comparisons between the present state of the coast and what it was i8o years ago. Although a more recent production , the chart of Van Keulen (N°\ 29 , 30 , 31 of our list) is still lefs to be relied upon. There in fact the outline is fometimes fo faulty that it seems rather to be a production of fancy than of real invefligation- But this chart indicates some places not 10 be found on the maps; and, besides an outline of the coast, it has two small maps of the North and of the Fresh River. The title of the Atlas is as follows : De I NiETJWE GROOTE | LICHTENDE | ZeEFAKKEL | etC. — Door [ Claas Jansz. Voogt , | Geometra en Leermeester der IViskonst. i In deezelaasteDruk vermeerdert en in 't Ligt gebragt | Door | Johasnes van Keulen. | 4 vol. fol. The maps are in general not numbered, but this has an old number ao and occurs in vol. IV, -page : 44. 29. Pas-Kaart | vande ZeeKmtenvan \ NiewNederlajid | andert Genaemt \ Niew York | Tusschen Renlselaers Hoek en de Staaien Hoek i Door C. .?. Fooght Geometra. \ T AMSTEKDAm. By \ JC I J ANN IS VAN KEVLEN\ Boek en Zee Kaart ver koop er aan deNiewebrugh. \ Inde Gekroor,de Loots-man. Met Privilegie voor 15 ^aren. 30. (On the same map) | De Noord Rivier arnlcts R.Manhattan off I Hudsons Rivier Genaemt in V Groodt. 31. (On the same map,) De Ferfcht Rivier \ in '/ Groodt. Size: 2 f. 1 inch by i f. 9 inches. III. Views of Nbw Amsterdam. 1 The tirst print which represents Nieuw-Amsterdam appeared in the ^EfCÖrpinSl)^ öatt ^ir0nna. etc. 4"- Amsterdam, 1651. Hartgers. (Bibl. Essay N". 6, p. 2.) C2I ) It is to be found on p. 20 of the book and is subscribed: '; Fort Nieuw Amsterdam op de Manhattans. The size is 4'/* inches by 4V*. This view of the fort was probably brought over in 1649 by the Nevv-Netherland deputies. It is taken from a great distauce; the walls of the fort appear very strong, but the houses and other buildings are mostly concealed. Our engra- ving is well executed though rather sketchy. The same print is also to be found on p. 9 of the first edition of van der Donck (Bibl. Essay. N». 7, p. 5). II. Another view of New-Amsterdam was engraved upon five several maps of Nevv-Netherland (N"». 8, 9, 10, 14 and 19 of our list}; a description of New-Amsterdam taken from this engra- ving , will be found in Montanus's J^ieuloe iJ^eceïiï, which has been translated and embodied in M^ O. Callaghan's Documentary history of New-York. One or both of these views owe their origin to Augustine Heeremans. M^, Brodhead conjectures that we are to ascribe the latter to him. III. A view, very similar to this but with a difi*erent fore- ground (perhaps only an ornamented copy) is to be found in Montanus's J^ieutllE ïl^ercïö. As a work of art it is very superior to the original ; a very good facsimile is given in M'. O'Callaghan's Documentary History. IV. A view, nearly from the same point, but widely dif- ferent from the former , ornaments the map of Hugo Allard CN". 13 of our list) and the other maps printed from the same plate (Nos. 15, 16, 17, 18). It represents New-Amsterdam or New-York in the year i673. Here the place appears like a well-built and well fortified town , whereas on the foregoing engravings it seemed hardly equal in size to one of the Dutch villages. V. This view has been reproduced by Lotter on his map of New-Netherland (N°. 20 of our list); although a good copy , it is, as an engraving, inferior to the original. VI. The only separate view of New- Amsterdam we have ever seen, (also a copy from Allard's engraving,) is in the posses- sion C 22 ) sion ofMf. Bodel Nyenhuis. The inscription is as follows: Nieu AMSTERDAM, een stedeken in Noord Amerikaes \ Nieu Hollant op het Eilant Man- hattan(^^'\z\)namaels Nieu-Tork genaemt toen het geraekte in *t gebi^ der Engelschen, AMSTELODAMUMrecem, post e a Anglis illud pos side nti- bus I dictum Eboracum novum , Hollandiae novae , id est Ame- ricae, Mexicanae sive Septen- trionalis oppidulum. On the leftside of the inscription: Pet. Schenk. On the right side: Amstel. C P. N°. 92. Size: 8 inches high by 10 broad. Like all the other engravings of Schenk, this one was executed between 1690 and 1700, and most likely published in cone of the various collections of views different cities, published by him. z < X o V» z oe 2 Ui « _i UI o 3 z o t/i X < 4 < > UI X u < 7 ui X > a 1 — , z O o >■ o cc •«: — • < X lO iC «t > se Ui X o co h'' w 3 < »- Z O z 12 ' — te UI a X -j a j > X Z 13 14 < -1 K ec < 15 o BC < CC < o z Ui •- O < o — > V» z Ui f- O t/\ z Üj oc 18 f—- l/l (S UI z < a 19 2 1- o ■20 at ui X w l/i > w z 21 O o CU 22 S O o o 23 s «o O o o. 24 s Ui > O o 25 > UI o o ae 2ó z Ui ■i > UJ o 27 2; — z > Ui uJ ser o 8? «t > 28 29 =1 z UI -J UJ :«: z < > 30 z UI UI z < > 31 1= 5 > 32 Ui 5 ui SS a as •c -j 3.3 U) X a o •: co 1 34 37" degree 1 Appomatnck. r n j ! ■ -1 — 1 ^ ^___ ~ — — - _ — Appomataek. — [~ — _ h' Appamtuck. . 1 — - h- "1 ^' h- • -- 2 Arrohatek. - — j — — — — __ 3 Pouhatan fi. — — — , - — — - — - — 1 — •Powhatan fl. — — — — 4 Foohataa. — r_ — — — — — — - — — ; ! - — Powbatan. i r"^^n- S Faspahegh. — — — 1 — — - — — — — - — ! 1 !- 6 Orapacks. ^ — - — — — — - — - - - — ■■]-• Orepaks. 1 . 1 1 1 — i 7 Cinqnoteck. — — — h- — — — — _j ! i '-• 1 — il S2 13 U 15 16 1? 18 19 20 21 22 23 S4 CMpkipcock. Qnackcohowaoa. Quackcohowaen . Warrftscorack Wartascorck. James Towne. ■Weanock. ' Weaaack^ ïrecc.aalcok^_ Appocaat JatüQS Rivier. FÜeki IJttamnssak^ Maichutt PayacatfltiC S 25 26 27 88 39 SC 38 34 35 36 Keoougbiaii PayaiKiatank t3^ Payaukatauc;. Payaacat)">ak. ()pi3capaEk„ CuttaUv.'Oïnonc Cutlawoinen Paucoooiio^ Pa'V'rcoïti'jeac. Mattapanient fL Mf.ttapament'_ Kapaunieh^ KapawQich__^. O-uacliug. Onachus». Tcppa.hftnof-k fl. _ ToppaLahock. _. , ,_., ^_„, — Cliesapsack Bay : I— |— i — I — ■!-— B«ia de la m&dr« dfil Dios _„;__. l_4 Kupkipkock. Pjur.acsack fi FaTüauDxe fl — --f ActtC'Aaiiaeh. j ..L ï'oytM Hope. Point Comfort. 1 < X O «I < ° li i to IE ul «t -t UJ v% oe 2 ui < -1 w e» 3 ui z 4 t - \ z Ul 1 w o t- < 6 i UJ 1 O —1 . oa z § ci > 9 o cc <. _l _< < to > z Ul X CO 11 3 Z <. t- Z O 12 o cc < -i -1 < X 13 c:! > z 14 ■ Ï < < u 15 a K < < < o tb Z Ul H (- O a: «: o t7 1/5 K ui t- O in O z K 18 ee UJ z 19 w 1- l- O 20 Ul v> > z 21 ! O 2 o o 22 23 1 O e.' 24 ui U) s 25 1 i *: * z '^' "i U< w if gigs?' ee [ ce b: > , 26iï7{28 29: ! 1 1 . 1 UJ , 't.' >i 30 Z §! ui : "si. I z < 3'. \ 1 «r. z i 5 ^^ 32, z Ul| »- X ■-> tr 3i 1 1 i ei, \ ij o! l 3Ai Ceader I. — — — - - - - - - - t— — - — ., 1 ' j- Gosnoldsbay. 1 — — — — — — 1 — — — — 1 — 1 ! 1 "Wissics Point. 1 — --; — — — — — — -^ — • — — 1 1 1 !- — 1 PoTDt Ward a. — - ~ — — — — — — .-- — * -V — T-oiiii, Wardefl. ' — 1 ! 1 Satdcr.'son'B Point. — — — ;— — — — _ — L- - 1 H Cagebarbour. — — 1 - — — — — -r- 1"? Accohanock. — — — — — - r- — — -- — • J » . 1 RusscVa I. ~~ • • ; 1 CJnoaack. \~ — — — — — — ■ ., '■ C. Cherle, — — — ■1 — 1 i 1 C. Charles. J — — — — ! ^_J 1 Smyth's JliiB. ~ — p-I-' -! Smiih I!e. — — i Sir.id lies. , i 1 j ! ^ —f- ,']8"' degre*.. . ! • 1 1 ... + .. |. i ChecopaSowo. — — — — ~ - - - ■ ■■ .t 1 — J — i Tis!asaok. — — — — — :~- — — - — 1 «. Mass&'P'otock. — — - — — [__ — — _u i i - Papiscone. — — — — _!_ — . - _ i i - [ — 1 Assneska. — h~ — — — — — — - 1 Asanweska. — . Qaivough. 1 — - — — — — — — — - - i - Cnttat&women. 1 1 — — — — -h^ — — ~ - ! i Ozaiawomen, t — — — — — i — — — — -i 1 1 MattacuRt. [ — — — — - 'T ■ — ~ — — j j • — - — i— — — _l_-^ Potapaco. 'i-j- 1 Qniyou^h fl. r- — ~ — — — ! 1 i Qnirioagh. — — 1 ' ! NiissaniA'*^ - — — — — | — — — - i t Pamacocack. ! _j — 1 — ! i i ■ Tanxenent. 1 r — — — - — — ■ — |. i Tauxeneo. t — 1 ~~\X ) . L — — 1 ( \ ! Matpanient. i ] , 1 j 1 1 ' j Mattpanent. 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 T T— 1 "TH 1 r^i i . 1 Matpament. ! ! ' 1 NATmisciiTif^kent. ■— — — — — 1-~' -^ - i ^"1-J ! • Tessamatuck. — — — — — — 1— , — — j— 1 u* r-'i—t- ! 1 Patawomeck. — — — — — IZl~ — . _j— ! tUri^- Cecananoa. — — — — — ~ — . 1 ; i \-\ 1 ! 1 • t 1 ! t ■ i ^4i ! 1 r 1 — \ 1 4. o « 5s 3 4 it: -j < > <* 9C Z UI X te. ut o 3 se < < -J X CD 6 7 1 I o U 3C 1/1 O ^ d z > 8 9 1 it — < o > zJ » ^^ X er 10 1 z o s 12 r BC ut o X cc " _i > i z 13 14 1 ill n 15 16 z UI t- f- O 3C O <. O — » 17 vi z t H O tn O •» z CC !8 1 CC UJ o z < a 19 1 1 CC ui »- O _J 70 cc UJ X u If) (/) > o z 2 1 O O O o. 22 to o o 23 to o o o.' 24 z uJ > o O O al 25 z a3 ui > UJ O cc 26 z UJ u> > u> o CC V > z UI UI > uJ O 'O o cc: 26 z _i UJ Z «I > 29 Z •1 _J n UJ ae Z 1 > 30 2 UJ 1 > 31 ! ! £1 z UJ 121 -J 33 1 o ' «: uli X : a Si ca, 34 68 Pautux fl. 1 — — — — — Pawtuxant. — Fantas. — — 1 69 Aarenapeug. — - — — — - — — "^ 1 70 Wighocomoco. — — — - — — — — ! Wigbocoinoca. — . — — 71 Moraughtaruna. — - - — — — - — Moraoghtarnma. — — — r2 Wimsark. — — — — — — 73 WcruppetP. — — — — — — 74< Oaamam«Qt - — — — — Orawameat — — 7S Monaaaeolt. — — — - - — 76 AoqnimanaesUoK. — — — — — — 77 Opaninat. — ^■- — — — — — 73 Cecotnooomolco. — — — — — ~ Ceuomocomooo. — — — 79 Limbo. — — ■— 80 Quomocac. — — — — 81 Patawomeck fl. — — — — — — Patawomeqae. — 89 Wasmaciu. — _ _ — — — — Wa^amsiu. — 83 Pautuzuat. — — Pautaxat, — — - Pawtnxnat. - — Ö4 Momfords Poynt. — — — — — ^ ... _ — ,.. x^oint. — Mom fort's Point. .1 85 Raphanock fl. — — . — — — — 86 A(x{Baskock. — — — — 1 Acquaskack. — 87 Onaatnck. — — - — — — — — 88 MacocaiMko. — — r- — — — — M&cocanaoo. — — 1 89 Wïticocap. — . _- — — — 1 Wasouup. — 90 PamacocMk. — — - — — — 9i Focatemong. — — - Pocatamoag. — ! 92 Cinqnaotack. — — . , .^ -r- — 93 TaaakB* -^ — - „ _ - — 1 1 1 i 1 5. < X u < •t o h 1 1 s « ui V» 2 ^- Ul c ~i va O 3 z o cr> va z •c 4 -1 < > ■Si Z M X ^ 5 cC w o t- < X 6 =i Ui < —i CS 7 té u> X o '/) > Z 6 o K O o > 9 -> < X lO ie < > w X o v> II 3 Z O s 12 < < X 13 _ 5 (O > o z IA o cc < -1 < ei < o t5 cc « < < o «2 > z 2l co § O o.' 22 V) o O u o. 23 O s o. 24 z ui > u3 O O O «t: 25 Z Z lx) Ui UI u» o o ec ee 2ói27 > Uj > ui S o ee 28 z KI -1 n z > 29 • z UI _J UI at: z > 30 z Ui .u =3 UI is: z < > 3t z ec; > 32 z Ui l/> z u UI K CD s « -1 3d ei < 1 ca )4 94 Quotoagh. ~ — — — — — — — — — — «15 Kas fl. — — — — — __ — — — S6 MatauKhqnamant. — — — — „ — — — — — — 97 Wepanii women. ^ — — — — — — — — — — — Werauawomen. 98 Moyaons. — — — — — — — — Moyaons. — — — — — 99 Reades Point — — - - — — — — — — — 100 Keales hül. — - — — i— — — — — 1 KeaJes haven. — — — 101 WiRhoconaoce. ' — - - — — — — — — — — T Wighocomaco. | 1 02 Wighocomoce fl. — — — — — — — — — — — Wighocotnoco fl. 1 108 "Watkins Point. — — — — - - — — — — - — — — 104 Nantaqu.^k. — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 105 Knskarawoake. Koskarawoak». Knskarawaock. — — — — — _ _ _ — — — " — 1 Knskarawaok. "^ ^ 106 Hoere Kill. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 107 C.Hiidopen. — — 1 — — — — — — — — — — C. Hinloop. - - — i C. Inlopen. — 108 C. Cornelius. — — — — — — — _l_ — -^ — — 109 Baade\vtjnsBank. — - — 110 C.May, — — - — — — — - — — — C. de May. C Maey. 111 OestBank. | 1 112 Zn^dt Rivier. — — - - — - - - — — — — — -! i 39"" degree, 1 i 113 Namoraoghquend. . — — - - — - — — — — ^ — i -] Namarangbqaend. — i 1 14 Boins fl. — — - — — — — — — — — — — - - 115 Osinies. — — — — — — - — — — — — — — 116 Smals Poynt. — — - — — — — — — — — — ~ ! 117 BomesPoynt- — — - — — - — — _ — — ~ — — Ua FowelalslM. — — - - — — - — — — — — ^ 1 1 % — 1 i Powley Hes. 1 — ' 119 Point Peeinghe. 1 — — - — — — - — — — — _ i — — .— j I 1 • . z < X u < _l «t o b 1 1 s 3 5 2 UI a 3 VS < 4 > z UI X o 5 SÈ 6 z o a ai > 3 ca ee < -1 10 se < > UI Z L> «0 II «0 3 Z ? z o s 12 o cc < -t < X 13 ce. U) X o IA > o z 14 o < -1 < tc < 15 O K < -1 < < O (O z UJ 1- »- o ■ai o o z UI k- o O * UI ts: iS m tc UJ >C O z < a (9 UI 1- 1- O _) 10 er UJ u Vi \n > Z 21 O O o 22 to O o al 23 co o o 24 z UJ ui > ui O O ceL 25 z UJ ui > UI o o o <£ 2Ó z UI ut > ut V» 1^ O ce n 2: z UI UI > ui o C9 o al 28 z u) _i =) UI :^ z < > 29 z UJ -J rj UJ Z 30 z UI -J =1 U] ;>: z < > 31 > ?2 3£ UJ tO X o tc ca z et 3ó < UJ X Q O eC 120 Willowbyesfl. — — -- — — — -- — ^ — . Willowbyers fl. . — l"?! T^ckwogh fl. ' 12? Sasqne'Hhftnf>nj^ \ ^ - - - — — — — — - — - _ - _ 124 ^fifAomeck. — — ^ _ — ~ — - j — ^- — — - 125 'N'»r'^t<'li«nf>V' NacRtchnTif^'f -,. ... ,. — — — — — — — — — U- IS6 Sw&nsndRQl- — — — — — — ~. — - — — — — — — ._ ■Pnrt Slsenborff. — - TTnit Elsinerbot!'^- — 1 W/-.ft "PlcPxKnrrr. ::-" _ 128 Polacke Ho«ck. !M Hammen Eilaat. ~- — — ISO Boomijeshöftk. — — — — — — -- Nsft%'.' r^Ateftl. 1 i Rnmhi^w H.'ftu- — 1 (- SfltlJ^'ï^flAV , i— ! Ï31 Graef HsTidiic — — — ~ — — Graeftfccdr'kR-eT^ _^ — Gteï HoimcSi 1 — 1 1 1 — — j_ ~ — — — - — — - — - 1 1 1 1S3 Piettea Eyiarst — ~ — — — — ^ _ — — — i -! Biftiiftn Ryl ,— — _ 184 Moetoan Karonck- . _ — - — — _ — — — _ — l ISS Eyerhavsn. — — ~ - - — ~~ — — — — — — — — — — — -1 — - Groote Eyerbövan _, — -- Great Kf e» TTnrhn»^ ~ EfK Haibyr^ .. Bejsha^-sa. — — — — - _ - — — — — 36 Nifju AüiSteL - — ~ - — — — — — JtJieu AmstSirdaru. — 't Kort. rlashuier. ■ i — — — - — — '■■ — , — Etesamiras. ~- — N»(V Castla. — IS7 Visscli^rs Kill. . . — — - — — — — — — — — — f— — — 1»8 \artknES KUi. — — — — — — -- - \39 Blioque* Kill. Mii)«oxS5f;: > 4 & 6 7 S 9 10 II iZ 12 14 liifb 17 vi i 1 UJ ^ 1 H - - r: > _ = = *• o m Z jr UO _ o V- o o o J^iw li»'".» K-' £ £zC wiS laS J3|Oo,o!z ZZs; S til < o — OiO'oOio: < < — =c 1 1 18 19 20 hi '22 25 2*25 26 27 23 29U0 3i 3? 33 1 -l p i -, .1 4^^r=: i ■ 1 - — i-^ i a 4 ui X 1 CQI 1 34 Naratic'js Kill. j -^ r— — p^ -^ p ...4 1 -J -4 — - 1 1 L _4_ 1 ,— :: ■ ■ j_ j — 148 Fort Nassau, l M ■ --~---|--H" . (Ï623: demolished IG51.} ! ^ _ — [ — — ^- , ^i-:+- - I 1 1 j L 1 _ .. . _ t_ [_ ^ U4 Finkct. ! ■j — ^ rti Finlaud. — Finlondt. ~ 145 Uplandt, _ — .^ 1 — — — _ — Upland. j ' 1 ......_ jr. — Chester. ( 1 1 1 1 ï 146 Meulendfil. j j — . .- 1 — Ï47 Niau Gottenburg. ! _L 1 -L — Gothenburg. 1 1 r-1 T -- i Oottenbnrah. 'T lt-"~lt 14-8 Gripsholm. ■--U- -, 1 — ." ! L_|_i - 150 Fort Beversrede. Li. i i m 151 Mi<5!erHjn. ' 1 1 1 Ibïs Mantes. ' ■'■'■- '■■ t j 1 — Mantua Hoek. :-t- j — j j — 4 1 — — |— . 1 J 1 — 1 — i — Re(\ Hook. 4 — , \5Z S&Uifl). .... i.. _ 154 ïlaroonGr. { i -(—4—1— f ■ 4 \ — — 155 Kiuaw eartMajr. t ' 1 1 rf — ^-"-^ — ] Ij. J j — . — . — . Delf. were Bay. i 1 1 i ! ^- 1 1 iisydt Raj. 1 ~t Th i ir !- -■ "1 Oodyr.s 3ay ^^ der Doak). ^. -^.^ h i M 1 156 Barudcgat. j ii"n'"' „|„L. !.-. L. . ;_ .'_!_— — 157 KlevniiEverhsTen, ! "^t i -r- ^._ j _. 1 „ «= _ !«. j .- i ."]- i 1 . . . j - ^ LJ 159 BefcMgat. 1 ~"TT "^-T yr^ r"^T^"^^ 160 Barnuegat. Bürin.legat, i _^^.I_J , . , ... . ^ ^^_f t~ i — Barueiïa?.. i ~^ 'MM ! — 40"' degree. i t U_^..4_ 1 T --r -1 ' ' 1 i ! J ■ j 1 i ' 1 > i ; _| l ■ 1 j 1 j 4— 16i Oncjuttahega. i | 16? Mioquaas. | ]_ 1 1 i^r^ 1 1 j "~r~i~ . .-i-l— i tf,5 Srayihs 'fBies. T f- + tl' _j > "}^' — L_ . ' ..jT^T.... i i i-— ^ — 1 H-H" i 1 i i i !■ i ! ■ , M Mi _-,„;_ j ,. ,, . 1 j , _i — i - ■ f^- i 1 1 ! ' M 1 1 ! 1 i I 1 1 1 8 1 z. < X o • a GE UJ 3 ut 2 1- •c — 1 UI o ae o co < > SC UI X o 5 < X 6 UI < cc 7 o; X o ■it: o z o > 9 o es « < X 1 1 1 X > m X i w X \- z o E 1 i i = Q CC < -1 -1 < z' 13 cc u S > SC < < < — vi a, Hl « i" ^\^ I6|l7 vi ui *- t- O t« O ,8 cc UI 7Z «c o 19 1 1 j i 1 15 It- '. _» 20 oe Ui X u> V» ^ >• i z 21 O O Ck. 22 O o o o. 23 O o o o. 24 » LU ai > ui c '25 E uJ ui > ui o o O cc 2Ó UJ > UJ o iJ O CC 27 > z UI Ui > ui o o a cc 28 u =1 =3 UJ UJ :^ x: < < >!> 29 30 u^ =3 ui ic z < > 31 z > 32 z Ui 1/3 »- X \^ 1 —1 1 1 1 O ö:' : uj| Smiib ikües. i 1 — ! ! i^ Sasqu^isahanofigh. — ~ — — — — _ i_T — 1 167 CbrialiD&. \ — i r - 1 "tFort Christioa. — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 . Cristina. — - Altoita. 1 Mïeu Oesteél. — ■— New Castle. | -- , Wilmisgton. - 368 Timmerkill. — — — — — — — — — — — — - — — - I6S Matina Konek. - — — — — — — ~ — — — — — Maiina Kcngh. - — Martisa Koaa^. j — Teoiuuak. 1 TinicKïa. 1 — no Fraümenhoeck. - — "i — — — — — - — S?l Fraakford. 372 Philadelphia. — — — — Filadelfi. i'^ Sauwanoos. r — — — — « 174 SchoyUclIl. — — SehylkÜL — 175 SchooQber^. — — - — — — Schooaborg. — . 176 De Hol. — — — n? WolveKyn. ' "" — — — — — — — — — Wolv« Kitl. •^ i 178 VerhRlsl€!jïïvlant. 1 — — — — — — — — — — — __ !79 Lacos. — — — — — — — — — — — Zuyd Lac. 1 — 180 Oldxoans. i ; — 182 N:euVaasa. — — — — — — ~ — — — — - — . — 163 MispcaiEök. r— l -L — — - - - — — — — — — — » 184 K^rakotfkes. t ~ - - - — - — — — — — - — RfU3ko«keni kill. 1 — Eankoekus kill. j J . — Banc9ca£>. 185 Ataeyosok. i ' ^ »* ..'t— — — — — -^ — — — — — - — — 186 Vnrckesis Kjlant. ~ — ~ — — i 1 Vaeekens Ëylant. — --' — - - ! 1 J i 1 1 ! i 1 Schoon Eylaiit. i ! i ' — 1 1 1 1 ! 187 Saahk-a-B». "ifTj — — — ~ — — — — t 1 1 ! f — I8Ê Mïihn. 1 — — — — i -| — ttttit:! i 1 1 1 189 Bergen. 191 Cahoos, Waterval. 192 GoutmijO;^ 198 jMageckqueshou. 194 Rariton^ Raritou. Raritans Kill. 195 Pechquacock "echquakock. 196 Bridlingtou.." 197 Qnakershoek. 198 Engelscbe Plantagien. Perth City^ ~ 199 Nntten Eijlant! Noten Eijlant. 300 Renselaershoeck. SOI Hoboken. Uoppogban Eiland. J02 Ompage (Ambo7)._ 208 Kill van Kol. 204 Roodenb«rg«ho«ck. 205 Sant Pant_ ~ Sandi Punt, ' Sand Hoeck. Sandy HoeckT Godyns Punt. ColmanB Punt. 206 Rivier van den Vorst M Maurits Rivier, Groote Riviere Magnus fluvjna. Manhattans Rivier. Montaigne Rivier^ Cabohatatea. Noort Rivier; Hudson Rivi er. 207 Ooster Banken. 208 Con^nen Eylant^ Konijnen Eylant._ Knynen Eylant. _ ConijD© EyJant. Coney EyJant. 209 Sant Bay^ 0» -=► 2; o -lie I» 15 5!^ 22. o a: U 25 28' 30 yi3è 34 10. z < X < -1 <. o b 1 i oe Uj <. —1 UJ w> ae Mi qe 2 ul < o 3 2 O < 4 t. -> z UJ to 5 oc ul o 1- < X 6 < 7 ai UJ X u > z Ö z o d > 9 o cc < -J -> < i 10 —1 > z u X CJ Vi 1! w 3 Z < Z O s (2 K •C .J -J < 3: 13 cc ÜJ X o lo V) > z o oc < —1 < oe < u 15 o e > z 21 O O o o: 22 to o o CL 23 co o o u o. 24 z UJ UI > ul O O ai 25 ( z UJ UJ > u t» o cc 26 z UJ UJ > Ul o ec 27 >' z Ui UI ul U O 2S z ul -J UJ z > 29 z UJ _J =3 UJ z < > 30 z Ul =1 Ul z < > 31 z s: > 32 Ui to H X O UJ K ca Z « 3ó o 4 -1 < > z UI X co 5 cc UI Ol (- oe < z 6 UI < UI X O UI in > z 6 o > 9 o GC _< X 10 5C -> f. > se; z UI 2: to II to a z «s 2 o s 12 o cc X 13 cc UI X CJ (/5 > ti (4 o cc < -1 < cc et ü 15 o < ■ cc < o z UI 1- 1- o X u u) o o O <£. 25 z UJ uJ > UJ o o o cc 26 z UI UI o o oc 27 2: z UI o o ai 28 \ UI z > 29 z Ui -J n UJ 2£ Z < > 30 Z Ui -1 a UJ Sc; > 31 z ö > 32 z' UI LO f- z tj ui CC ca -j 3ó o CE UJ X Q P ee a 34 227 Uytrecht. t — — — — — — ■ TTfrf'cht, 1 — _ 228 Vl^^^hebosch , - — - - - - Mid'ornnt — 229 N. Hftftrieni, - — - - - — N. Haarlem. j — 230 Aernhem. 1 — - - — 231 Bloemendfil. 1 — - - - - ' I 232 StuJjvesantsbouverye. — - _ — — 233 Gomoenipa. - - — — — 234 Rivier achter Kol. — - — - — — - - — - — — — — — — — 1 Achter Kol. — 235 Pavonia. — — - - — » - - — — — — — Paawe. — De Paanw. — — Pan we Hoeck. — Panlns Hoeck. — 236 Haverstro. — - - - - - - - — — - — — Haverstroo. i 237 Knaris Sinks Hill. • — 238 Hackinsack. — 239 Tappaan. ■— Tappan. 1 — 240 Nieu Toen. , l"" 241 Verkens Evlant. 1 243 Nevesincks. " 1 Navesincx. — — — - — — — - - — — 244 Bronken. - — - ~ 245 Vriescndaal 1641. — 246 Hooften. Hair.eUhoofttD. - 247 't Hooge Laad van Reoselarshoeck 1 - 1 248 Maresipe. i — - — 1 — — — — — - 1 ! i ! i 249 Recht Kawack. ! - — - _l_ — — — — 1 1 1 1 i \ Rech Kewack. 1 1 ■ — - — 1 1 ! Regh Kewach. 1 - 1 1 ' 250 Heemstee. — - — — - — — — - - — - - 1 1 1 Hemsted, — 1 1 Heemstede. i ~ j-i Hempstead. _ _ i ■| ! 1 -i 251 Gebroken Landt. — — - - - - - - - -4-i ! - Terra arata. 1 M" ^ 1 i 252 Mestapeack. i • — i ! 1 r 1 1 -. -,- f- --- , ; i 1 i i i i ! ■ ■ ! ' i ■ ■ 12. 1 - J UJ o "^ e o 2 3 i z o ü> z «£ 4 > z X V) 5 cc UI o t- < X 6 a a co 2 7 f 5*: o z ; o : >" i 9 1 o: — 1 X 10 cc > z UI X co II w Z < Z O s 12 o cc < < I 13 UJ Z co > ó z 14 cc < < 15 IX < < o I& z LU 1- 1- o «c o 17 v> z ui t- 1- o t/> o a» Z ïü ta i cel UI o z «1. o 19 UJ 1- i- o _l 10 UJ X o > z 21 1 v> O O O CU 22 UJ O O o al 23 i to O o o CL 74 z UJ UJ > UJ o s 25 j z UJ ui > UJ o O o CC 26 z UI UJ > UJ o O o OC 27 > z UI > uJ U O o 2a z UJ UJ z > 29 z aJ -j r> UJ x: z < > 30 z UI UI z < > 31 Cf z O > 32 z UI tO 1- o ui Qi ca s =t -J 33 o a. ut o. Q GC ca 34 258 Scfiouts Bay. f — 254 Marten Gerrit» Bay. ' — 255 Rivier vsea de Rodenlwrgg. — — Rodeaberghs Siyior. - ' — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 256 Archipelago. - — - . _ - — — - — — — — — — — - — - Archjpeiagns. — Ai-cbipelagsche EyJandeQ'. — »7 De Keer* - - - — - - — — — - — - — — - 258 De Grootè Bay. ' — 259 Croiume Goowe. - — — - - - - — — — - — - — — 260 Hamion. - - — *" — - — — — — — — - — — — Fort Hamton. — Oost Hamptoo. • — East Hampton. — 261 Zcyd Hamptoo. — - 262 Jan Willems Eyl«at. - - — — — - - — — — — - — - — — 263 Valken Eylant. — — — - — - - — — - — — — — Faulcon 1, - 264 I. Schelter. — 265 Setanket. ^ — 2:66 Matouwacks. - - — — - — - — — — - — — — — - — 967 Montank Point. -• Hoeck van de ViichersU— "Vi8.schers Hosck. - - - — — - - - - - - — — — — — — Wisser Hoeck. i 1 — Visser Hoeck. j — 268 C. de Eaye. - - — — — — — — — — — — — — — Cabo Baya, - 269 Adriaen Block Eylant i - — — — — • — — - - — — — — — • — — - — — - - — Claadift. 1 — 270 Garner's Eylant. ! - — — — — — - — — — — — — — — Gardiner's Eyland. 1 - Manchonack. i 1 — V\ De Gesellen. - — - — - - - - — — — - - — - — 272 Visschers Syleot. ■^ 1 - - - — - — — - — — — 1 — - Vissers Eylant, — 273 Point Jndith. 1 i ! — 274 Hoeck van de Wapaaooa! ' — 275 Hendrik Chrlsliaens Eylio Hendrik ChristiooDsens Ej-' Marthae's Vyneard. — — - - — — — - >- - - - — - - — — - — — aHt. 1 — 1 1 - — - — - — — — — - 1 Mar&ae's Vineard i ! — 1 Avlsmeers of £hst.b UI X l/l ui > Z 8 o o o Q > 9 a cc «t _j _i cC X 10 cc > z UJ X cJ Z 14 o cc < < oc' <. o 15 < < O 16 to z UJ t- O o tj> z 21 to o o o. CU 22 to O o L3 23 «o O o o Q.' 24 z uJ UJ > Ui o O o oei 25 z UJ UJ > UJ o o o (£ 26 z UJ Ui > UI o oe 27 z Ui UJ > ui u o o: 28 z u) _J r) UJ z > 29 z UJ -1 UJ IC z $ 30 ~l UJ :>: z > 31 z u CC > 32 z' Ui to J- X CJ UJ tr ffi S 3 30 o «t X ex oc. c& 34 Walvisch Ejlant. — No Mhn's Land. — 76 Texel. - - — - - - - - - - _ - ^- Tessel. - Martha's Wjroeard. _ Marten Wyneard» Eyl._i — Elisabeths EyL - - - - - - - — — — — Swyniaeits Eyl. . — Capacke. (Cap Ack?) — Texel— Vlilant io one • ~ J77 Qnetenis Eylan». '«'«• - - - - — - - - - - - - — - - QnateniB Eylant. — 278 Petockenock- - - - — - - - — - - — - -r — — — - — — 279 Ko^et. - - - - -■ - - - - - - - - Kotge*. - - - 1 1 Eotgat — 380 Vlielant. - - - - - - - - - - - - — Vliland. — Natocke. - - - - - — - — — - - — M Natako. - Natoket. — — Nantacket. — Nantoket. — Katocko. - - — Cabeljaaws EyioBt. — aSl C. Wack. - — — — — — - — - — - — — — C. Ack. - — — — - — - — — — - - — - - S8S Drie Hoecken. — - 41"" degree. 283 MuQtaea. - — — — — - - — - - - - 1 1 384 Lotteras. - - - — — — - — - - - — 385 Capitanasses. — — - - - - - — — — — - - — - — ■ i 367 Mechaiien E4>ack. - - - — - — — - - — — 288 Meoechonqk. — — — — - - — - - — — 289 't Schicbte Wacki. - - — — — - - - - — — ! 290 't Schcpinaikonck. - — — — — - — — — - — — 291 Yennentam, — . 292 Schoon Greene Bosch. — - — — — — — — — - - — Ein schoner Grnner B W. jh. — ■ 293 Shavangunk fort. \~" . 294 Manhattans. — - - — — - — — - — — — — - — - - \ 1 1 14. 295 Fort Amsterdam^ Nieti Amsterdfun. N. Tork. £96 Colendonck. Yonkers. 297 't Seülemakcrs Hak^ 298 't Vosse Rack ^ 299 Colonie t. d. H.Nein Colonie von H«r?a_Ke 300 Boode HoBck. " »01 't Kocks Rack^ Kocx Rak . 302 t Hcoge Hack. 309 Hellegat. Hellegaet^ Hellegadt. Hellegatt. 3i 4 ^4 Saavenaais Kül. 305 Saechkill. Saeckkill._ Saeckill._ SsagkiM. ' _^_ 306 Wicqaoskecki__ Weckqaaesge^ks 307 Alipkonck^ Alia kouck; 308 Sinsing. I I Siat SiagB 309 Verdrietige boeck. De Verdrietige hoek. Verdriessliclier Witktó^ '310 Kestaubfittck; Kestaabatnckj 311 KeskigtkoiZi-k;;^ Keekiethon._^ 312 Clinckers Berg^. Klinckers Bergh^ CHnckers Hiü. SiS Fasqoaekeck. Paeqaaskerk^ Si4 Visacbers B.ack 315 Narratschoen. -i-4- i i-4- T-f-+^- -l-i-i- 316 De Bodrieiighe HoiseSu n—f- Ml! ÏO I j -^4 I ' \n j in O o o I o 22 23 uï ui uj ! ui 24 25 26 27 29 15 z l 4 < > o 5 cC w o: «: X 6 < cc • f UI X o 1/5 > a O o o o 3» .9 a cc <. -1 f* X ic -J > :>e z UI X t? ö> H W 3 Z z D S 12 Q CC < -1 -1 < X 13 SS Ui u W3 to > u z 14 o cc < -I < < 15 \ < 5 ib Ui z LÜ J- o s: o « Q —1 1? to z H O t/1 O iü SC ie 1 cc , uj cC ■^ Ui lölïo cc UI X u o 21 i 1 ■ 1 1 Vi 1 vj OiO OIO o 1 «.9 .l. 22 23 ■ z — UJ — uJ il i ^4 '25 z uJ U > UI ar 26 z UJ UJ s 2? > z UI UI > o 2è z ï > z Ui -J •=> UI z $ 30 z UI — 1 Ui ■x: z < > 31 5 E > 32 z UJ »- X o ui K 03 s -1 3ó o 4 UI X O ca 34 917 Noch P^em. -■ - - — — - - - - - - - - ^ ' — 1 318 Eaes Eyl&at. — — — — — — — — — — — ■ ^ 319 Wnpr''^?'"'''^'- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Wapoiugert KiU- i' — 320 De Ho«k van 't VJ»t_ — ■ 321 TlJrihtOTink. — 322 Kost Verlorein. — 323 West Chester. — 324 Marenik. — 32S Middelborgh. — S26 Scheps Haaves. — a2<» Wecke. 1 - - - - 381 Freedlant. - - - - - - - - - - jL - - — Vredeland. - Throgs Neck. ■■'■-- - 332 Stamfort. — — - — — — — - — Stamford. - — - — — - 8tomfort — —\ Staadford. ! i - 333 Strotfbrt. - - — - - — - — — - — — — — ^ — Stratford. .- - StraSbrd. — - 384 Qilfort. - — — — - — — — — — - - — - - Gü&rd. ■ - - GUford Riv. -- S95 Visscbers Killen. ! - 336 Minnewits Ejl. - S38 Betackqoapock. - - - - - - - - -, - - - 339 Nanichiestawack. ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - 340 Pechqaenakonck. - - - - - - — - - - - - 342 Onkeway. — 343 Hintin^on. — 344 Orname Zant — 345 Nienhavea. — ^ - ^ -i- - — - - Nienbave. 1 — Nieaw haren. — Nieuwer harOD. 1 — Niew Haaffen. | - New Baren. — - Roodenbergh. ~ Booden Bergh. 1 — 346 Booy Dojns. — — — r- -1- ^ ^ — - _ ^ - Boduyns. - % 16. z UJ X o V) 5 •/■• et w o l- < X fa ri UI < co 7 1 ai UJ X O l/l «/> > 2 6 o z: O o ei > 9 o cc UI X ó iz 14 o cc < -> < cc < 15 o cc tü _l < cc < 16 2 u) h- t- O X o <£ O (7 1 J to z UI t- 1- O IA O c» z UI CC 18 in cc u) o 2: 19 a: ui ^- i- -1 ■20 a: UJ X lO > z 21 d. 22 to 23 co o.' 24 1 z UJ UJ > UJ IS ai 25 1 j z uJ uJ > UI 0; 26 z UI ui > u) oe 27 > Z Ui Ui > ui CC 28 z UI _1 Z3 UI s: z «: > 29 _l z ui _i ui z < > 30 z Ui -1 UI iC z < 5» 31 z LP o; > 32 i z Ui 1- X K CS s <ï -1 33 ei d X a a cc EO 5 't 847 Verscbe Bivior. Varfiflfl Ki^lWi — — — — ' ^ — — — - — — — — — — ~ — — V^r5^ï»e "RM*?- — — — CV^nnwtticiifi — 347o'!\fnfo»'t- — — - -■ - - — — — — — — — — — — — Mnford. — 34S Kievitsho«ck. - — — — — — - - — -■ — — — — — — — 350 Zeebrceck. — — — — _ -- — — - — — - — — — — — — — Saybrook. 353 Freekan ïlylaat. — — — _ — — — — — — — Frecken Eylant. - — Freken ïïylant. — 354 Bevers Eylaat - — — — — — — — -- — — - — — — 365 Totolet — - — — ~ — - - - — - — - — — Tocket. — 356 WatertoUo. - — — — — — - — - — — - ~ - — — — 35? Otters EylaAt. - - — ~ — - - - — — — - — — — - 358 Hoeren EyUnit. — - - — — — — — — - — - — — - Hoeren lies. 1 1 — - -3OT Weeters Velt. - — - — - — - — — — — — Waaters V. — - i Westerveld. Wethersfield. — ftfiO Plnyttl^ Gadt - 361 Vriesche BiTier. — — - - Vriesse Rivier. - - — - - — — _. — — — — — - Rivier Tohfit - - ~ - — — — — -- — - — RiTier Tobet. — 1 Thames Riv. — 362 Rivier van Sicohexi». — Siconamos. - — — — Sicanatnos B. - — - — - - - — - - — — -1 Pequatcs Riv. - - _ - - - - — - - - — - Pequatock. — 1 Pecotocq. — Pequad. • — 363 Oester Bsye. — - - — - — — - - - — — — 364 Oester Rivier. — — — — — — - - — - — — — — — Ooster Rivier. — — - — 365 Ruyter's Eylant. — - - — -- — — — — — — — — 367 Meeweq Eylaodea. — 368 Cutharten. — 3S9 Ziondon. — 1 1 1 1 1 j i i i 1 ! i 1 1 i i ! i 17. i in z oc 2 (-' o: —1 UI o 5 i z 4 > z LJ X o 1 1 CC UJ O «I X t 1 i 1 ! . - X. <-> . i/1 =1 '/) CD! z ! S o > c. i CC —1 J X 10 _i a: z UJ z «J co n to 3 Z t z o £ 12 et X 13 1 UI I o w > Z 14 1 ■ < < cc > z 21 1 co o o O o: 22 O o 13 23 (O ol o C3 O.' 24 t UJ C5 o 2.5 \ \ 1 Z: UJI UJ| > ■ w O' o s; 26 i ! "! UI > UI 13 O O CC l7 2 Z UJ UI > ui u o 0£ 28 1 i UI ui < < > > 29 k) z 2 < 31 z > 31 t co. ! >-i -1 O' cti uil ,j ffi O ' S; Oi -ileü 35} 34 '370 Slonp Baye. —ij ~^ 1 1 1 1 Chaloup Bay. !— -,^ 1 t 1 1 1 Sloep Baje. 1 1— — ~ 1 -_^ — — u — 1 i STl Nahicans. 1 1 — -I — __r_ _]_ Rood Eyland. i 1 i — -* - 1 i Roode Eylant. , — - -P _ — — — — 1 — — — 1 1 '1 1 Roo Eylant. ; ! 1 1 1 — Rhode Island. 1 1 i i j 1 Portmans EtI. I j . 1 ! 1 — 1 . 1 Adqnidöneckc. 1 1 1 1 J72 Rivier Nassariw. i 1 — — — — — — — - — ~ j Nassau Riv. i j ! 1 — i Kassou Riy. j | i — 1 1 Nassaa fl. aliaa Biv. \ j __ 1 i13 Porto Juda. i ' 1 1 . 1 — »74 Wflrwijck. | j 1 — \1S naheljft-ws Hofllr. ; j ! 1 V- J76 Nargansy Bay. 1 ! ! 1 ' 1 1 f — i 177 Anker Bayi?. ; _i — — f \~ 1— — — — — — — — — — - — * 17^ r.fthhpljVn'» Eylfint, j 1 \-~ — — — — — _! — — — — — _ Ï79 Bay Nassan. ; . 1 i - - — ~ - - — - - - — — — — — 1 1 B. van Nassaa. — 1 1 1 1 — i — ' ; 1 Newport. - 1 i ' 1 ! 1 ! — 1 — H-l 1 WO Patnxet. i . - - — - - — - - — — U; 1 i ! i Ne"?^ Pleymont. - _ — - — _!_ - — - — ! -1 1 II ' pieYTT)r!iith i i~i~ ~ - i ' i 1 i M i M 1 ?#.! Ao.ftnmaek. 1 i ~ - — — - — -|— — — — — ! ^ : 3S2 Nieawe Rivier. — 1 1 - - -- ! \ — !" : — 1 JS3 Sec Konk. 1 1 1 i — 1 1 : ! 1 ; ! $84 I. Providence. ' i — 1 j 1 i i ! i ; ! . )85 Knoc.k E^'lant. | i 1 - — — — — — — — — _ t ' \ -1 i 1 1- i i Ko-xk Eylant. r~ 1 1 i 1 1 Mij > 186 Ongelukkige Haven. _ _ - - - — — Mi;!! • 1 ^ i ündückliche Haven. 1 i - M j 1 ^-^-r^ J87 Chawam Barwick. i 1 -! - — — — — 1 1 ! ! i M ! 1 1 Clia\nim Barwick. j — — i II M i Schawara Bemick. ! 1 i i 1 \ Mui 388 Staten Baye. — i -L i- — - - - - -| — !_ — ! 1 !-! i M I-i Saiarts B. - — - ! 1 1 I'M! ! 1 Stuarts B. 1 — j : , ! ! 389 Port aux hoittree. 1 J 1 — l"" — — - - - — !— -j— i— 1 |_j j 1 j [ j i 1 1 i j 1 ! '990 Foijebay. 1 ! — ■"■ — — ■ — - "" 1 1 i ; i ! i 1 : i 1 ! . .' 1 1 1 8Sl Cranebay. '— ] _!^t |_M-H-H— — d- 1-^ — ! j !-- ' 1 i 1 i 1 1 ■ r — ^ 1 i 18 ] 1 1 z < X < b 1 1 V) — ■ v> 2 Ui < u> a 3 i SÈ O Ui Z 4 t > s: z UJ o « 5 i 1 i cc 1 ■^' a: < X 6 3 <. CD 7 (£ UJ X O 1/1 > z S z o d > 9. o cc «t _J _l X 10 j 5 5l x' CO II 1 ! i i wl 3 1 1 'A -I < X 13 I 1 UJ X CJ to > o 14 1 cc < < ai < (5 < cc < Ibi 1 ui z ul (- »- O x' o «: o 17 (- O ! i UJ gc ^ UJ o _l 19 20 ac ui ■X. vt > z 21 1 O o o o- 22 CO O O «J QU 23 i ! z, o o o 24 5 ul o 25 z > UJ o % 26 'i S; cc 27 z Ul Ul > uJ o o oe 28 _i •=> UJ z < > 29 ! so ui iui ziz 30 31 z 3 > 32 z UJ US X a 3* UJ X a ca 34 892 Beyechier. < — — ~1"~1~' — _ — — — — 393 Poumet. ■ — — 1 — — ■^ - S94 C. Blanco Gallis. - — — - — — !_ - — — - 395 Statenhoek. — — — - - - — — — — — 1 — — -■ — - — - — - - — Cape Cod. — — , — — — - — — - — ( - — — - - - - — — Withoeck. — t — Wia« boeck. — — — — — — — — — — — Cape James. — — — — — — - - — - - — 396 Milford Haven. — — _ 1 1 1 397 Point George. r- - — — — — — — — — - 1 898 P= Sorliff. — — — — - - — — — — - . 400 Manomet. ' — — 401 Bosje Klerken. j ^ 40S Troounielsfiord. ! — 403 Horsschoe. .... — 404 Genssylaad. " 405 C. Mftlabtore. | — — — i- — — — — — — — — — — - — — — Vlacke Hoek. - — - — - — — — — - — — — Port Fortaae. — — — — — — — - — 1 406 Natusit lies. — — — ~ — — — - — _,_ - - 1 — 407 Bay de iMalabarra. 1 |— — 403 Shonls of Banken 1 — 410 Buytengaten van Afannemoj. 411 Roosekrans. r- — i ■■ 1 1 — 4 IS Binnengad van ManBeiU0Ti_' 1 1 ! ! . — 1 4r1S Manemets Bay. i 1 -- 4?4 't Groot Riff v. Malabarre. n Grosse Riff v. Malabarre. — — — — — — — i 1 i 1 ! 1 — i ! 42*" degree. 1 1 ! - 1 1 ...L_ U 415 Minnt^sinksche Dorpen. ) — i— | — ! 1 i i i 416 Sennecas. — 1 — — 1 — 1 — — — I— ~| i j i — H — 41" Grachoy. 1 !_!_ — — — — ]— — — — !— — — - — ! , i ! 1 — , 418 't Landt van' Kats Kill. 1 i i 1 1 — _l — — — i"~ 1 j _ 1 ( — • — 1 Terra Kats Kill. 1 ! j 1 , -1 J 1— :- 1 _4_ 1 i 419 Maerbeltoun. j 1 — — _l_ — — 1 j ! 1 i i ' '., ! 1 Masrbeltein. ' 1 i 1 1 i \ 1 1 1 1 i Maerbelton. 1 — — \ — i 1 Hi : I — ( — , : ! : 480 Horley. ! ! t_ — i- — — ^i— i i i i 1 1 1 1 j 't Nienstak. 1 — — - 1 '^ i 1 1 ! 1 ! : 421 Wiltw^jk. I Mill — — _;_ i—i 1 ^ 1~' i.i J 1 ! Kingstoun. 1" V ' i 1 1 — — !— ;— !— 1 '— I— ' ! M 1 - i i - i 1 1 i 1 1 i i 1 i ! 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 ! 1 1 1 1 i i i i I 1 1 i i 1 i 1 i ly. < < < o 1 1 cc UJ < UJ i-O vr> UJ ae 2 UI <. ut a 3 i 4 < > ■z. UJ X o m 5 KT* s o t- < X 6 < -1 OD 7 ui X u > 3 O Q Q > 9 o o: < -j iO -i f. > z Ui X VI 1! < t- z o s 12 < <- X 13 £ s o to > z 14 . a < —1 < cc' ui L? o O al 25 ! z| z LÜ Ui Ui ' ui UJ UJ O O Oi|GS 2ó!27 > Z UJ UI > uJ O o o «: 23 5 3 z > 29 z UI ui X z < > 30 2 _i a ui üc: z < > 31 z u > 32 5 ii% t- X o IE ca s «x -J 33 s 341 4Si2 Cleyae Esopus R. - - — i- — — — — — — — Kleiae Eaopas FIuas. — ' 439 Groote Esopns R. i — — — — — — — — — — — — Grosse Eaopna PI. -! 1 434 Blcijenburg' | r~_ - — — — i i BleijenuPj^. [ 1 — 423 Slijpsteens EjltiXL — — — — — 1 — — — — — Slijpsteen Eylant. — 1 1 426 Mftgdalenen Eylant. — !- — — !- - — — — Magdeleneo Eylaut. ; 1 — 427 Jan de Wits Eylant. 1 -1- - — - — - - — — — De Wits Eyl. \ 1 — 428 RoeloffJaosswnsKill. — — — — — — _ — — — Roelff Jansz KiJl. ' — Roelif Janbea Xill. i — Boeloff Janseas EiU — 429 Kat« KUl. - - - - — - — — — — — — — — - 430 Klaver Rak. 1 - - - — — - — 1- — — Claverrak. i — — — 436 FacqndiDack. 1 : j- - - — - — _ — — — — — — jPachqoaaack. j ; ' — 486 Wieskotdne. j i — — — — — — — — — — — — — 487 •;, Fort de Goede Hoop L_ — - - — — — — — — — - — — — *t Huys de Hoep. | ! — Tort der Guten HoShung j ~ 439 Laois Irocoen^is. j — — — — - - — — — — — — 440 Chenyothillis. 1 1 1 1 — - — - - — — — — — — — 441 I'ye Baye. — - — - — - — — — — 442 ïotan, Fasioneh. — ~ — i — — — — — — 443 Briaton. — [— — — i — \A . _ _'i_' — Bristow. — — — — 1 • : ! i 444 Voa Havan. — — — — — — _1 — — — — — Fox Hieven. — Boston Harbore. 1 1 — 445 ?. Mnrry. 1 — — — — _ — — — |— — — 446 Carry Hos. j ; - — - — - - - — 447 Fulleiton Des. ^ 1 1 _J — — ~ - — !- — — — - — 448 Graef Hendriks Bay i - - - - — — — — — Graf Heinrichis B. | 1 1 i i — Count H. B. ! 1 t — Tail F. — — - - — — — — - - - i 449 Mattahunts Hes. j — — - _ 1 450 Bastable Naimkerk. i ~ — ,— — — ~ 20. 1 z< 't u 1 i ec UJ «c _i UJ 2 (- UJ <. -1 Ul o 3 z to z < 4 < > s: z LÜ X Vt 5 ■/» a: Ul t- < I 6 3 Ul < -i CO 7 LÜ X z 6 z a d > 9 0. «' _J -1 <£ i 10 _) > a: z UJ X t> CO 11 w z i i < X IS j Ul: X! '~>: 1/3; > Zj 14 1 1 i 1 a:' (E; ' uJ, uj;uj,3 S w uJiuJia; 0,0; c>o-z Oj 0' o; i 1 1 1 2.5l2&|27j2S,29 z z '^:^ UJ |UJ x: lie: z z < < 30^31 Z > 32 Z UJ 10 ui K Q S a: 5Ó uJ X d 451 Wyngardes E7I. — - ' 1 — t i _j i <■; i i 'M : : ' : y^yngit^.rt.fihneik. _ _ _ ^ j_ 1 i ! 1 i i ■ • ' . C- Tragahigsanda. — — — — — - — i ! — i i 1 i 1 1 j-. C TrftgflHfti'"inda. — 1- 1 j { "1 1 • 1 ;■■ ! r ■■ I 1 ; i i C. Anna. { - — - — — — j— _!_!_!_ '452 3 Turlcshoofden 1 - — — ;— i— — j-l— !— 1 1 ' j ' • 1 ' ! -- 453 Southhamptou. ■" - _^ !_;_!_ i_!_ — j— ;— i M i ' ' Ï , 1 I ■ 454 Witte Bar. 1 i i I 1 1 i : , ! ■ 1 1 : ) ! 1 i 1 1 i i ! ; ^ 1 I . ! 456 Schoon Haven. i 1 I 1 1 : i ; i i 1 1 ! i ' i i 1 1 ! Schoone Hayen. I i 1 1 1 ' ' ' 1 : 1 1 ' ' i M ! : 457 Gebroken hoek< 1 1 i M ' : ! 1 ; i 1 ! 1 ' 458 Smits Eylaut. - L- 459 Sant Rerier. — ' 1 M ■ ' 1 i i 1 i ' 1 : i ! 1 ; I : 1 ! i M I 1 1 43"' degree. ! i ' ' : M ^ M ! M , i M i 1 1 1 ' 1 ■ : i M : i i 1 1 460 t'Joanontego. i — — 1 — j— 1 1 ' ' i 401 Scbanatissa. I - - -j_w — 1— -i-h-i 1 1 i ; 463 Canafifero. j — 1 ; 1 i — r — i— — '— 1 1 I ■ — i 1 463 Maquaas Kill. i — — — — _!_ i~ ' . ! i H~ i Maqqaas Kill Birier. 1 1 1 ■ 1 j ; : ! 1 T'rr^. Maquaa Kill. ! — M M 1 ! i ! M i 465 Jau Flaisiers rac. — — - ^!- — — — !— 1— I — J 1 ' . i 1 496 Kinderhoek. |_ — - \- hh — — '<— ^|— |-j-»| 1 j i }■-< r— ; , 1 1 1 467 Hinnenhoeck. — — - — — — — 1 - !— i ! i ■ ' I : 468 Middelburgh. i 1 ! ; ; 1 ( i —-j 469 Notenhoek. { 1 - — - — - — - -r — i-l— |— ' 1 ! • r^i ' 1 • 1 470 Betlehem. - _j_j_j_|_ |_i_ 1 ! ' 1 < ' \ M i i ^ 47 1 Beeren Eyl. — - — — - - - — i ! — 1 i ! ! : ' i 1 1 ^; ' Rensselaers Eyl. 1- ' ; i i 1 ' 1 j t ' ,■ "' 1 ! 1 : i i 1 ; 472 Godyn's Kill- — 1 1 1 i i _ _i i_ .._j i j 1 1 1 1 1 1 473 Mr. Pinser's Plaets. MM! 1 ' ! 1 ; 473 a. Visschershoeck- i — — — — 1 r --1- i ' M i ' ! : : 474 a. Normans Kill. — ! i ' Mi '\\' ^ b. Beverwijk. — 1 1 1 ' 1 ^ i ' 1 1 ! ■ ' c. CSodjn's Eyl — 1 ! ! i 1 i M i ' i i i ■ ! 1 ; ^ ' d. Faepsikenekaes Kill. — i ^i n. i i _^\ \^AJ \ Ü i ! ; • c. Paapen Kaas Kill. 1 1 ! i ! 1 ! 1 ; ' 1 ! i~! i ' ' ƒ. Godyn'y Burg. — \— ' . 1 ! 'I'M'! 1 i i j ■ i , g. Bonsselars Burg. i 1 i 1 M \ ^U . i i_ ! 1 1 ' . i i 1 ; 1 ' h. Weeli's Burg. — i i i ■ i ! i i i i M 1 j : ' 1 : ^ , I. De LaetB Burg. — ! 1 1. 1 i i " ; M I ! I j ' ; ' k. I)e Laets Meulen Kill. i_i i i ! ij ! 1 ill j 1 i j i i ■ 1 1 ' 1 21. 1 1 ^ \i X cc b}« 1 Ij 2 « UI o 2 O «o z «c 4 > z UI I u « CC Ui O i- UI < co 7 é Ui X 1/1 > o i ei > 9 - o cc « -> _l IQ SC > z u> 5 co II to f o cc < 1- 1- O 20 ec 5 (O > z 21 m O O O o; 22 o O (J cJ 23 V3 O O o.' 24 z UJ UJ ë O 25 z ui uJ > UJ « o O CC 26 : i ! " ~ f, z UJ ' ui . -^ UI ; IJ — , 3 >:> UJ. ui uJ|Uj|s:i5c 27|28|29|30 z 3 z < 31 z o > 32 z UJ 1/5 f- 3.- O u) CC ca s «c 3ó ! ! o et: ui • X Q' S' cai 34 i. De Meolea Kil. j I ^ ' ! — 1 m. Bloemaertó Bnrg. ;-- 1 " 1 ■■ n. Bloemerts Kill. !~l o, Grepiftn 'Rnsfth. , , — 1 p. Unuwats Casteel. j~ 1 1 1 — 1 1 q. Rensselaer's Kili. — : : r. Mcnemias CasteeL _[_ — 1 ! "■ s. 't Kasteels Eyland. i — I ' ! 475 't Fort van Nassau^-. j — j 1 1 1 't Fort Nassauw. — 1 Fort Orange. — - 1 _! Fort Oracgie. — — — — 1 Fort Ortmiea. — — Fort Oranie. — Nova Albania. i ! — 1 — New Albany. ■ — — 476 Marten Gerritsoons Eyl. — Marten Gerrits Byl. [ 1 1 Sanectadj, 1 1 — Sjnechdade. — 1 — — Schaenhechsteede. 1 1 '{_ 477 Kackoen. 1 — — — — ~i- — — 1 Kackoau. 1 ~\ " j^ — Kackoa. 1 1 '' — 478 Schoon Viaklaat. 1 i ! 1 — ^1— - — — — — — 479 Ounjare. | r ;■ ! i_ — — _j^j_ - -1- — ~ i Assareawe. 1 - - - - — - - - - 1 ! Oceogiüuro. 1 i 1 1 ! ] 1 j — Cauijlinawaga. 1 1 1 1 — Kaghnuvage. i ' M 1 — 480 Groota Vlakte. 1 1 ! !-!-!- — — — i^ ■^ — — I Grosse Vlakte. ' i 1 M • ^ 1 1 1 1 1 — 1 ; 1 1 ! 481 Backers Rak. I 1 1 1 \-\-r- — 1— -1--^ — — , - — 483 Notenhoek. ! 1 ' i"'"^— — t- _, ^i_ - - - — j ( 1 484 Hertenrack. i ■ ! ; i i— j— ^ -! — l-l—,-'- -|- -! 436 Mahicans Eylant. • ] 1 1 1- !— !- ~ 1 - 1- i- — - - - 1 487 Sager's Kill. ' M — l ' ' 1 J_.. — 488 ShaTangank Fort. ' ' ' ' ! ' M ' 1 — 489 Sager's Killetje, ' 1 ! i ' i ■ f -j' ! [ 1 1 : i ! M 1 "" 490 Ronduit. ^ ' ■ i ' ' j l-'-^ 1 — 491 't Greija Bos. j : : ' r"| {— --"hr- — _!_ - — I ' [ 1 1 — 492 Walvis Eylant. ' ! ;— 1 i" --^■p.'i-h-1-i- -| 1 1 Walvisch Eyl. . ; ' ! • ■ r'''V:v - \ \ •i— 1 ; 1 ' ! 1 1 M i ! 1 - 1 22 z < X u < -J o o 1 i cc UI •« —1 UJ v> v> uw oc 2 LJ « UJ o 3 z o co z < 4 > UJ X o t/J 5 o: UI o i- < 6 3 UI < CC 7 UJ X o > z b Q O > 3 o cc < _J _J -1 < z 13 oc u X CJ > o z 14 a cc < -1 < cc < ü 15 o K «£ < CC Ib Vi z UI H 1- o X o o 17 z UJ Z Üj K 18 IS U> 20 a: Ui a: u > z 21 • :; o o o «^ 22 o o o CL 23 — i . z _ UJ — ; UJ il o.' ai 24 25 1 zi UJ' u) > UJ «. *1 o 26 u< > o o te 27 >i 1 rl Ui 1 UJ 1 >l uJ| '^\ ol 28j 1 i i ! u: uJ UJ a:; se ^5c Z'ZiZ 29|30j3l o > 3? I O UJ 1 ! i a uj : X O' Oi cc ca ^ 34| 493 Hoppe Eylant. 4$ A KAhftrts, 1 — — ^ ^ — - - - - - - - "- - 1 - — - - — — - 1 QroDte Water. | — 1 Ren Val. — 1 Cohoas. 1 ._ 495 Herfort. ! — - — — — — — — — — — — — — - 1 __ Hartfort. 1 1 496 Voynser. — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 1 — Winser. — ! Wintsor. - — 497 Ko Charles R. — — — — — — — — — — ■_ — — 498 Moas Mossachusitt. ^ — — — — — — — — — — _ Mons Massachtweti. — — — — 499 Quonahassit. — — — — — — — — — — — — . 501 Passataqnach hull. j — - — — — — — — — — — 502 Accomicticus. { — — — — — — — — — — — Bfcston. i — — — — — — ^ — — - — fio8tx>n. 1 — 503 Sassarów's Monnt. — — — — — — — — — — — — ■ — •504 Rroiiden fiill 605 Graef Willems Bay. i~ r — — - - - — — — — — — - r "~ — — — 1 — — — — — — — [— — SftnocAtiKik ^ Em C. Ftinf^TtTnin 1 ~ — — — — — — — — — — — 1 .108 Tams-m] fl. i — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 1 Chovjioock. j — — — — 609 Fort St George. ' i — — — — — - — — — — — — 510 Wyngaerts Erlant. — — — - — - — — — - — — 1 Wyngartes Eylaot. — 511 Point Davits. — - — — — — — — — — — — — Point Davis. — — — — — 512 Buhauna: Dantmoat. ! ■ — — — — — — - — — — — — i 513 Httringtons Bav. — - - — — — — — — — — — 1 — 1 514 Agoodharbor; Saodwich. | — - — - — — — — — — - — ""'! i 515 Mr, Schutter 's hill. i — — — — — — — — — — — — 1 1 ÏI6 Tbebase, j \ i — - - - — — 1 — - - — i 517 Aücocisco Mons. i 1 — — - - - - — — — 1 i 1 518 Satquin. ! | 1 ! - - — 1 - — 1 519 C. Elisabet. \ — - - - — ' ' 1 520 De Schildpadde. 1 1 L_ j ; , ; De Schilpad. i ! ' T — - — — — — — ! : t Schilpadt. ; ! ' i -H 1 i 1 1 ! 1 i 1 ! 621 Damarüe Hes. ill ! ; M— ! — — !— — — j 1 1 ! 1 ! ! 'M' 1 i ■ i 1 i i ! r i ! ! i ! 1 i 23 i 1 f i< . |X 1 <-> !5 r -j :<* : o 1 V) 2 3 UJ 2 ^- UJ «c w 3 z to to < 4 > ■a z UJ X 6 Z: > 9 10 > z: Ui X II => < i 12 % s _] 13 Ul X W to > Z _■ —' ui a Hi ociflt! tf j .! 15 16! 17 CO z UJ «- l- s Z UJ « >6 i ! .i <-^ UJ 01 ^ u> Ü t- 5 *- 19 20 a: w X l/^ > '■J> z 2. 1 1 1 _ J-s a. a! ; Q.' { Gc: 22J23i24|25 i I'll 26127 UJ ri — uJlaiii: OZi z «c .c oe:,> > 28 29 30 z ul -1 uJ i; z < > 31 z > 32 z £ Q s 3Ö UJ X ai 34 522 Monahig&n. ; 1 — -!— 1 ! i - ■ T'"l Barry lias. 1 — ~ - — ,— — i i 't Schip. 1 1 — — _i_ - i 1 1 — 1 — 1 58S Sagadahccklath. - — — -}- - _i_ !- 544 B. Quinobequin. ! — - — _ — - — -1- 1 . i Kine Bekwu. ' - - — - i 1 i i 1 1 525 Cambridge. - — - ~ - _i_ - -r P 526 8. Johntoawne. i — - -- - - — — -|- i j ; ! 527 Metinicas. { - — - - - - -j- i ! i ' \ Hangbtons lies, I — — — - — — — — 1 : i i 428 Monanis (I). ' — — - — — — — — — — — i 1 1 I i { 1 529 Pemmaquid. — — - - - - — - - — - - i 1 530 Nusconcus. 1 - — — — - - — — - - - — 581 Bay St. Lac. - i 1 1 1 Bale de St. Luc. j — — - — - _ - - - - — - Fembrocs Bay. — — - - - - - - - - 532 't Hooge Eylant. ^ ■ - — — ~ - - - - - - 5SS Mattinack. t - — ~\~l~ - - - - 1 — " ■ -] Willowbyes Hea. 1 ' - - - - - - - — - - 534 Gesaijde Eylandeo- ! 1 — — — — - - - — - - — ' 1 1 ! t 44"" degree. i i 1 1 1 535 Bio Irocoezui. — — - — - — - - 636 Storwich. 1 ! - -i — - - — — 587 Sorico (I). i 1 — — — — _ 538 Segocket. ! i — 1 — — — — — — — 689 Dubartou: 1 ■ i I— j— — — j— — — - — — — — 1 1 84C Mec&dacDt. ! 1 _ 1 - — — — — Zl — — - — 1 ! 541 Pennobscot, ! ! - - — — — - — — - — 642 Bio Pouateguet ! i _ 1— 1 — 1 - — |— — — — — ' — 543 Edenborord. j j i i 1 ; i ! 1 1 1 45"» degfr«. 1 ' M ' I 1 ' ! ^ 1 ^ ' ! . i 544 Hochcl{«a. i i 1 i 1 ; ' i"- ^ - — j - — Hochelago. j i I I i 1 1 '' 1 1545 Mont Royal. j ! I 1 1 j i ' ij_ 1 — !— — — 1 1 1 1 ! III 1 1 ' \ i- ! : 1 i ' 1 ; ■ ; ^--L '^ i 1 ; < ' ' 1 1 i 1 : 1 "1 1 : 1 1 ; ' ' ^ i ^ ; ■ [ ill' ■ '1 ' 1 '1 ' ! ' ' ■ 1 ' 1 , : : ■ 1- ; ■,!''■! I 1 ; 1 1 1 I 1 i i j i I ^ University of Connecticut Libraries 39153028324467