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 CONNECTICUT . t AR 
 
 Agricultural Experiment Station 
 
 NE^V HAVEN, CONN. 
 
 BULLETIN 191, APRIL, 1916. 
 
 TESTS OF SOY BEANS, 1915. 
 
 By E. H. JENKINS, JOHN PHILLIPS STREET AND 
 C. D. HUBBELL. 
 
 Corn and Soy Beans at Mt. Carmel. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page 
 Yield of Seed from new, unnamed Varieties 3 
 
 Report on named Varieties grown in 1915 4 
 
 Number of Days to Maturity 5 
 
 Comparison of Average Yields in 1914 and 1915 5 
 
 Comparison of Varieties 6 
 
 Comparison of Yield of Feed of Soy Beans, Alfalfa and Ensilage 
 
 Corn and of Mixtures 7 
 
 Note on Time of Planting 8 
 
 Soy Beans as Green Manure 9 
 
 Results of Field Tests on Soy Beans 9 
 
 Directions for planting Soy Beans 13 
 
 Soy Beans as Food for Diabetics 13 
 
 The Bulletins of this Station are mailed free to citizens of Con- 
 necticut who apply for them, and to others as far as the editions 
 permit. 
 
CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
 
 OFFICERS AND STAFF. 
 
 BOARD OF CONTROL. 
 
 His Excellency, Marcus H. Holcomb, ex-officio, President. 
 
 Prof. H. W. Conn, Vice President Middletown 
 
 George A. Hopson, Secretary Wallingford 
 
 E. H. Jenkins, Director and Treasurer New Haven 
 
 Joseph W. Alsop Avon 
 
 Wilson H. Lee Orange 
 
 Frank H. Stadtmueller Elmwood 
 
 James H. Webb Hamden 
 
 Administration. E. H. Jenkins, Ph.D., Director and Treasurer. 
 
 Miss V. E. Cole, Librarian and Stenographer. 
 Miss L. M. Brautlecht, Bookkeeper and Stenographer. 
 William Veitch, In charge of Buildings and Grounds. 
 
 Chemistry. 
 Analytical Laboratory. John Phillips Street, M.S., Chemist in Charge. 
 E. Monroe Bailey, Ph.D., C. B. Morison, B.S., 
 C. E. Shepard, G. L. Davis, Assistants. 
 Hugo Lange, Laboratory Helper. 
 V. L. Churchill, Sampling Agent. 
 Miss E. B. Whittlesey, Stenographer. 
 
 Proteid Research. 
 Botany. 
 
 Entomology. 
 
 Forestry. 
 
 Plant Breeding. 
 Vegetable Growing. 
 
 T. B. Osborne, Ph.D., D.Sc. Chemist in Charge. 
 Miss E. L. Ferry, M.S., Assistant. 
 
 G. P. Clinton, Sc.D., Botanist. 
 E. M. Stoddard, B.S., Assistant Botanist. 
 Miss E. B. Whittlesey, Herbarium Assistant. 
 G. E. Graham, General Assistant. 
 
 W. E. Britton, Ph.D., Entomologist; State Entomologist. 
 
 B. H. Walden, B.Agr., First Assistant. 
 
 Q. S. Lowry, B.Sc., I. W. Davis, B.Sc, I . . , , 
 TUT T. T X. c ( Assistants. ■ 
 
 M. P. Zappe, B.S., ' 
 
 Miss G. A. Foote, B.A., Stenographer. 
 
 Walter O. Filley, Forester; also State Forester 
 
 and State Forest Fire Warden. 
 A. E. Moss, M.F., Assistant Station Forester. 
 Miss E. L. Avery, Stenographer. 
 
 Donald F. Jones, B.S., Plant Breeder. 
 
 C. D. HuBBELL, Assistant. 
 
 Howard F. Huber, B.S. 
 
TESTS OF SOY BEANS IN 1915. 
 
 By E. H. Jenkins,* John Phillips Street 
 and c. d. hubbell 
 
 This Bulletin is a continuation of the study of the soy bean 
 under Connecticut conditions, which has been carried on for 
 some years and has been described in part in Bulletins 179 and 
 185. It presents the data gathered in 1915. 
 
 Yield of Seed From New, Unnamed Varieties. 
 
 Twenty varieties, chiefly new introductions, as yet unnamed, 
 were grown in 19 15 in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant 
 Industry of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, to determine 
 their period of growth and yield of seed. It was not possible to 
 determine their yield of forage. The results are given in 
 Table I. 
 
 These varieties were planted May 26 in rows 30 inches apart, 
 plants standing about 4 inches apart in the row. The calculated 
 area for each variety was 250 square feet or only y-fj of an acre. 
 Soy beans had been grown on this same land for two years pre- 
 viously, between the trees in an apple orchard five years old. 
 This land was dressed in 19 15 with 45 pounds of nitrogen and 
 95 pounds of phosphoric acid in form of nitrate of soda, acid 
 phosphate and tankage. No potash was applied because of its 
 scarcity and high price. 
 
 Table I. Unnamed Varieties of Soy Beans Grown in 191 5. 
 
 Yield per 
 
 Date of Days to Acre in. 
 
 No. Blossom. Maturity. Bushels. 
 
 37063 July 12 97 19.6 
 
 36914 " 14 97 18.6 
 
 36919 " 18 100 26.1 
 
 36653 " 14 100 22.9 
 
 * Mr. C. D. Hubbell, the farm manager, has had charge of the field 
 work and gathering the field data, the chemical work has been done under 
 the direction of Mr. J. P. Street, chief chemist, and the results have been 
 arranged and discussed by the director. 
 
CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I. 
 
 No. 
 
 3691 5 
 30744 
 28050 
 30600 
 30601 
 37062 
 37571 
 37572 
 30594 
 36916 
 30747 
 30599 
 37573 
 30746 
 36829 
 
 30593 
 
 Date of 
 Blossom. 
 
 Days to 
 Maturity. 
 
 Yield per 
 Acre in 
 Bushels. 
 
 July 18 
 
 107 
 
 24.1 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 109 
 
 21.6 
 
 
 ' 20 
 
 109 
 
 19.3 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 III 
 
 19-3 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 HI 
 
 19-3 
 
 
 * 20 
 
 III 
 
 29.6 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 III 
 
 21.6 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 III 
 
 28.0 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 114 
 
 19.7 
 
 
 ' 18 
 
 119 
 
 23.2 
 
 
 ' 25 
 
 121 
 
 19.0 
 
 
 ' 20 
 
 126+ 
 
 31-2 
 
 
 ' 20 
 
 126+ 
 
 30.6 
 
 
 ' 20 
 
 130+ 
 
 28.7 
 
 Aug. 12 
 
 142+ 
 
 19.7 
 
 ' 
 
 ' 15 
 
 152+ 
 
 .... 
 
 The last variety did not mature seed, being killed by frost. 
 Four others, marked -f , did not mature their seed uniformly at 
 one time but it was dry when threshed and lost no weight during 
 a month's storage. The average yield of all varieties was at the 
 rate of 23.3 bushels per acre. No comparison of the yields of 
 these varieties is attempted because of the small size of the plots 
 and lack of duplication. We are advised that No. 30744 is Black 
 Eyebrow. Fifteen of these 20 varieties could be grown for 
 forage and even seed production in the southern part of the state, 
 and fully half of them would give a crop of forage anywhere in 
 Connecticut. 
 
 Report on Named Varieties Grown in 191 5. 
 
 In Table II are given the data regarding named varieties 
 grown by the Station, being the same as those grown in 1914 
 and described in Bulletin 185. Quebec 92 and Quebec 537 
 obtained from Macdonald College, Quebec, appear to be 
 selections of Ito San. 
 
 Kentucky is a mixed variety from Manchuria, grown one year 
 in Kentucky and one year in Connecticut. 
 
 The beans were planted May 19th in the same orchard and 
 with the same treatment as those already described. They were 
 cultivated a few times but not after July i. 
 
YIELD OF NAMED VARIETIES. 5 
 
 The figures given in the table are chiefly interesting in com- 
 parison with those for the same varieties grown last year and 
 given in Bulletin 185. 
 
 Number of Days to Maturity — The number of days to matur- 
 ity was slightly greater this year than last, Hollybrook and 
 Peking were 15 days later, Quebec and Arlington 10 days later 
 in 19 1 5, and the other thirteen varieties were not more than 6 
 days apart in time of maturity in the two years. 
 
 The crops in 19 15 were perhaps a little less mature when cut 
 for forage. They contained 7.1 per cent more water than those 
 of 1914. 
 
 Comparison of Average Yields in IQ14 and IQ15 — Further 
 comparison of average yields follows, based only on those 
 varieties which were grown for two years until harvest without 
 accident, and expressed in pounds per acre. 
 
 Dry 
 Forage. Matter. Protein. Seed. 
 
 Thirteen varieties in 1914 I73S7 S275 902 1438 
 
 Same varieties in 191 5 16941 4056 739 1408 
 
 The average, maximum and minimum yields per acre in the two 
 years (of those varieties only which were successfully grown in 
 both years) are as follows: — 
 
 Fresh Forage. Dry Matter. Protein in Pounds. 
 
 Max. Min. Av. Max. Min. Av. Max. Min. Av. 
 
 1914 10.6 6.5 8.6 3.1 1.6 2.6 1,116 624 902 
 
 1915 9-9 S-9 8.4 2.6 1.3 2.0 1,001 475 739 
 
 Nitrogen in Pounds. Seed in Bushels. 
 Max. Min. Av. Max. Min. Av. 
 
 1914 178 99 144 30.9 148 23.9 
 
 1915 160 j6 119 29.0 18.6 23.4 
 
 The average yield of dry feed was about 1200 pounds less in 
 1915 than in 1914. The dry feed was however somewhat richer 
 in protein in 1915, containing about 18.2 per cent, whereas the 
 same varieties in 1914 contained 17.1 per cent. 
 
6 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I. 
 
 Table II. Yield of Soy Beans at Mt. Carmel Field, 191 5. 
 
 
 Data regarding yield of forage. 
 
 
 
 Variety. 
 
 >> 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 0. ■ 
 
 Pi 
 
 o.S a 
 
 ■30" 
 
 Yield of seed 
 per acre. 
 
 
 
 per cent 
 
 per cent 
 
 pounds 
 
 pounds 
 
 pounds 
 
 pounds 
 
 bushels 
 
 Ito San 
 
 Quebec No. 537 
 Medium Yellow 
 Quebec No. 92 
 
 Manhattan 
 
 Kentucky 
 
 O'Kute 
 
 Ebony 
 
 Medium Green 
 
 Wilson ^ 
 
 Mongol 
 
 Morse 
 
 Mikado 
 
 Arlington 
 
 Swan 
 
 114 
 114 
 114 
 
 *ii4 
 114 
 119 
 119 
 119 
 126 
 126 
 126 
 126 
 126 
 134 
 134 
 139 
 139 
 145 
 
 78.55 
 
 75-07 
 78.58 
 63.26 
 78.82 
 76.46 
 
 73-07 
 73-11 
 73.78 
 78.23 
 77-93 
 77-86 
 73.98 
 77.08 
 77.29 
 75.77 
 75.38 
 
 4.46 
 5.70 
 4.84 
 
 9-51 
 
 4.52 
 3.87 
 
 5.86 
 5-42 
 4-63 
 4.24 
 4.01 
 4.20 
 3-35 
 3.63 
 3-52 
 3-09 
 4.82 
 
 17,249 
 
 I4,9«5 
 15,856 
 5,672 
 16,030 
 19,863 
 19,341 
 17,076 
 17,076 
 19,689 
 18,992 
 11,848 
 
 17,947 
 14,985 
 
 22,477 
 14,288 
 18,818 
 16,901 
 
 3,699 
 2,736 
 3,396 
 2,084 
 
 3,395 
 4,676 
 
 4,598 
 4,592 
 5,162 
 4,135 
 2,61s 
 3,973 
 3,899 
 5,152 
 3,24s 
 4,560 
 4,161 
 
 769 
 
 854 
 767 
 
 539 
 
 72s 
 769 
 
 1,001 
 926 
 912 
 80s 
 475 
 754 
 502 
 816 
 503 
 581 
 81S 
 
 1,313 
 1,629 
 
 1,307 
 1,368 
 1,246 
 1,368 
 
 1,594 
 1,742 
 1,237 
 1,307 
 1,464 
 1,272 
 1,316 
 1,307 
 1,220 
 
 1,115 
 
 749 
 
 1,072 
 
 21.9 
 27.1 
 21.8 
 22.8 
 20.8 
 22.8 
 26.6 
 29.0 
 20.6 
 21.8 
 
 24.4 
 
 21.2 
 21.9 
 21.8 
 20."? 
 
 Peking 
 
 Cloud 
 
 HoUybrook . . . 
 
 18.6 
 
 12.5 
 
 / 17-9 
 
 From this it appears that the average harvest of green forage 
 and also of seed was but little smaller in 191 5 than in the 
 previous year. 
 
 But when cut for forage in 1915 only about three-quarters as 
 much dry matter and protein were harvested as in 1914. The 
 crops of green forage in 1914 contained an average of only 69.0 
 per cent of water when cut, whereas those in 1915 contained 
 76.1, a difference of 7.1 per cent. 
 
 Soy beans have been grown on the same land for three years 
 in succession, which may account in part at least for the some- 
 what smaller yields in 1915. 
 
 Comparison of Varieties — The results of two years' tests of 
 those varieties which grew successfully in both years, indicate 
 that the Wilson, Ebony and Cloud were in both years among the 
 six which yielded most dry matter in the green forage. These are 
 small, black seeded varieties. Cloud is distinctly twining, Ebony 
 is erect but falls easily. We consider Manhattan, Arlington and 
 Kentucky to be excellent kinds also. 
 
 * Past maturity, leaves falling. 
 
COMPARISON OF SOY BEANS, ALFALFA AND CORN. 7 
 
 Kentucky is a mixture of similar strains. By selection, these 
 have been separated this year and two of the most promising 
 are to be propagated. 
 
 The soy bean appears to cross fertilize sparingly. 
 
 The early, medium and late varieties which we have grown 
 are given below, and in each group the varieties are in the order 
 of their maturing, the earliest first. 
 
 Early Varieties — Mature in 104-118 days. Quebec 92, Quebec 
 537, Medium Yellow, Ito San, Kentucky, Manhattan, Ebony. 
 
 Medium Varieties — Mature in 120-124 days. Medium Green, 
 Mongol, Mikado, Peking, O'Kute, Wilson, Arlington. 
 
 Late Varieties — Mature in 130-135 days. Hollybrook, Swan, 
 Morse and Cloud. 
 
 As is to be expected, the earliest maturing varieties yield less 
 dry forage than the others. 
 
 The latest varieties as a rule yield rather more than the earliest 
 and the medium maturing varieties have been, in general, the 
 most productive. 
 
 Comparison of the Yield of Feed of Soy Beans, Alfalfa and 
 Ensilage Corn and of Mixtures — The tests made in the last two 
 years fix with sufficient accuracy the approximate average yield 
 of forage which may be expected from an acre of soy beans cut 
 when the foliage is still green but mature. 
 
 There may fairly be expected at least 8^ tons of fresh forage 
 having the following composition: For comparison is given 
 in Table III the average yield of seven varieties of ensilage corn 
 
 Table III. Yield and Composition of Soy Bean Forage, 
 Alfalfa and Ensilage Corn. 
 
 Mature Soy Bean Forage. Alfalfa. Ensilage Corn. 
 
 "2 t ii <«*. t ^<n . £ i3 « . 
 
 -S c«"^ „-SS en"* c„SSS „"* „-SS 
 
 gS g^ g.^aS go. S.S?3« g^ §.5Ppu 
 
 Ph"Ph a. &4Ph ohOh 
 
 Water 73.0 12,410 
 
 Ash 2.4 408 
 
 Protein 4.6 782 602 1,360 1,006 559 347 
 
 Fiber 7.9 1,343 604 2,276 956 2,223 1,423 
 
 Nitrogen-free 
 
 Extract 10.7 1,819 1,365 3,133 2,256 5,297 4,078 
 
 Fat 1.4 238 126 167 63 159 121 
 
 loo.o 2,697 6,936 4,281 5,969 
 
 * The coefficients of digestibility used in this bulletin are those given 
 in Henry's Feeds and Feeding, 15th Ed. 
 
8 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I. 
 
 grown in 1914, averaged 21^ tons of fresh fodder per acre, 
 and of a year's yield from a measured acre of alfalfa. 
 
 A mixture of one part soy bean forage with three parts ensilage 
 corn is recommended by several stations as making an excellent 
 silage, and the Ohio Station states that a mixture of one to two 
 may be used successfully. 
 
 The composition of such mixtures, based on the composition of 
 the corn and soy beans as grown in our tests, is given in Table IV. 
 
 Table IV. Nutrients (Stated in Pounds) in One Ton of 
 
 Ensilage Corn, Soy Bean Forage and Mixtures 
 
 OF THE Two. 
 
 Protein 16.12 
 
 Fiber 66.18 
 
 Nitrogen- free Extract 
 Fat 
 
 Nutritive ratios .... 
 
 From this table it appears that the three to one mixture has in a 
 ton 13.7 pounds more of digestible protein, and 2.3 pounds more 
 of digestible fat and a much narrower nutritive ratio than 
 ensilage corn alone. The two to one mixture has more than 
 twice as much digestible protein and i^ times as much digestible 
 fat, with a still narrower ratio. At a time when concentrated 
 feeds are very expensive it seems likely that soy beans may 
 profitably be substituted for a considerable part of them. This 
 is a question of farm economics which the station is not in a 
 position to solve. 
 
 Note on Time of Planting — Our experience indicates that soy 
 beans may be planted at any time after danger of frost is over 
 and that a slight frost on the young plants is not absolutely 
 destructive. 
 
 In 191 5 seed of the Hollybrook was planted in small plots, each 
 of 175 square feet, at three different dates, and harvested Oct. 
 II. The yields were as follows: 
 
 
 
 One ton 
 
 One ton 
 
 One ton 
 
 One ton 
 
 mixture 
 
 mixture 
 
 ensilage 
 
 soy bean 
 
 3 parts corn 
 
 2 parts corn 
 
 corn. 
 
 forage. 
 
 I " soy. 
 
 I " ! soy. 
 
 16.12 
 
 70.80 
 
 29.8 
 
 34-4 
 
 66.18 
 
 71.10 
 
 67.4 
 
 67.8 
 
 189.73 
 
 160.50 
 
 182.4 
 
 180.0 
 
 5. 62 
 
 14.84 
 
 7-9 
 
 8.7 
 
 277.65 
 
 317.24 
 
 287.S 
 
 290.9 
 
 I :i6.6 
 
 1 :3.74 
 
 1 :8.98 
 
 I 7.78 
 
SOY BEANS AS GREEN MANURE. 9 
 
 Pounds of Pounds of 
 
 mature forage dry matter Pounds of Pounds of 
 
 Date of planting. per acre. per acre. protein. seed. 
 
 May 5th 25,389 6,896 1,096 1,045 
 
 " 15th 19,415 4,902 811 1,120 
 
 " 29th 24,643 6,030 1,158 971 
 
 These tests are inconclusive and need to be repeated on a 
 larger scale, but indicate no disadvantage from early planting. 
 
 ^^03; Beans as a Green Manure — In some cases it may be desir- 
 able to turn under soy beans as a green manure. Where sown 
 for this purpose they may be drilled in rows seven inches apart,, 
 which may be done with an ordinary seed drill. 
 
 An average crop of soy beans such as we have grown at Mt. 
 Carmel in the last two years may be expected to contain, 
 exclusive of roots, per acre 
 
 Organic matter 4,255 pounds 
 
 Nitrogen 131 " 
 
 Phosphoric acid 23 " 
 
 Potash 93 " 
 
 What part of the nitrogen is taken directly from the air by the 
 crop cannot be determined. It has been variously estimated from 
 one-half to two-thirds and even more. 
 
 Recent experience indicates that it is wise to turn under a 
 legume crop ten days or two weeks before planting the land. If 
 immediately planted on land filled with fresh legume forage ger- 
 mination may be retarded or prevented. We had one experience 
 of this kind in 1915. 
 
 Results of Field Tests of Soy Beans — Accepting the offer 
 made in Bulletin 185, twenty-one farmers received enough seed, 
 chiefly of the Hollybrook variety, to plant a half acre in 191 5. 
 
 With the seed was sent to each a culture (Farmogerm from 
 the Earp-Thomas Co. of Bloomfield, N. J.) sufficient to inoculate 
 the seed. 
 
 With one exception all made report of their results to the 
 station. One was prevented from making the test; in several 
 cases the crop was practically ruined by woodchucks or deer ; in 
 two cases weeds suppressed the soys. 
 
 One reports that cows did not take readily to the feed but 
 "the soys were mixed with weeds which got ahead of them." 
 
TO CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I, 
 
 All the others got a good or excellent growth, full inoculation 
 and satisfactory results. 
 
 Some of the reports are here given as a valuable supplement 
 to the work in our experiment field: — 
 
 Harry S. Ferry, So. Glastonbury. On Sept. 14 the writer saw 
 the crop, which stood 38-40 inches high and looked very vigor- 
 ous. One-half of the piece was cut for hay but it moulded in the 
 barn. The other half matured seed and was harvested Oct. 23. 
 The estimated yield was 16 bushels per acre. He says "My 
 driving horse will leave his hay to eat a small quantity of the 
 threshed vines, the stems of which are as large round as a lead 
 pencil." 
 
 Wm. Coleman, Westport, grew and fed it successfully. 
 
 W. C. Robinson, Columbia, planted on clay soil with a corn 
 planter June ist, and cut for silage Oct. ist. The crop was 
 three feet high and the roots well supplied with nodules. 
 
 Thomas H. Williams, Southington, planted May 28th after 
 harrowing in 250 lbs. of acid phosphate; rows 2^/2 feet apart. 
 Sept 15th the crop stood 44 inches high and from a measured 
 rod yielded 150 lbs., which is equivalent to 24,000 pounds per 
 acre, a very large yield. On Oct. 11 the seed was harvested but 
 owing probably to difficulty of threshing he got only 9 bushels 
 of seed per acre. 
 
 Albert T. Rowe, East Glastonbury, writes : 
 
 "I am satisfied that they are valuable for feeding green and 
 a good soil improver. They grew very rapidly, had nodules, 
 some of them J4 inch in diameter. Planted 28 inches apart the 
 vines met between the rows and showed an unbroken green field. 
 Have tried alfalfa with poor success and if soy beans give me the 
 satisfaction in future that they have this year I do not think I 
 will try alfalfa again. The only objection to them is that the 
 stems grew rather tough before I finished feeding them," 
 
 W. H. Brown, R, F. D., Easthampton : 
 
 "In answer to your inquiry of the 9th as to soy beans I beg 
 to say I planted them May 25th in drills 30 inches apart and I 
 commenced feeding them to my hogs July 24th and have fed 
 every day since that date. The hogs like them and seem to do 
 well on them. 
 
 I think soy beans might be a remarkable crop to grow; in 
 fact I think they have done remarkably for me under the condi- 
 
FIELD TESTS OF SOY BEANS. II 
 
 tions. I planted them on the poorest land I have, sandy river 
 bank, and put no fertilizer on land at all. I cultivated them only 
 once, and when they were about six inches up we had a heavy 
 hail storm and cut them up very had, and yet I have a good 
 piece of beans. I think they will average about three feet high, 
 
 I expect to let part of mine go to seed so as to plant several 
 acres next year for hay on this same land where I have never 
 been able to grow anything at a profit. I can report more fully 
 later on. I live just across the river from Higganum depot." 
 
 J. D. Kelsey & Son, Madison, used them successfully in a 
 young orchard for a corn crop. They also sowed a small area 
 broadcast. The beans grew well and the forage was fed green 
 to two milch cows with excellent results. "We think they are 
 great for milk." 
 
 Orrin Case, East Granby: "The soys could not be planted 
 till June i6. They were planted in drills 2 feet apart on land 
 quite free from weeds and cultivated once. They now, Sept. 
 15, stand over 4 feet tall and are very large and dark green in 
 color. Pods are just forming." 
 
 N. E. Whiting, Norwich, planted the crop June 2d in drills 
 3 feet apart. On Sept. 9 the plants stood 3^ feet high and the 
 lower leaves were beginning to mature. The roots were covered 
 with nodules, and the crop, mixed with corn, was to be cut into 
 the silo. 
 
 The following very interesting reports we copy entire: 
 
 "About one-third of our patch of ^ acre was nibbled off by 
 woodchucks before we were able to control these by methods 
 suggested by the farm bureau agent, Mr. Wright. This hap- 
 pened when plants were six inches high, but these plants 
 recovered and made a fine second growth of tops. 
 
 The inoculation was perfect. All roots were thickly covered 
 with nodules, and the crop was a fine healthy green color and 
 made a sturdy growth. We fed a small area green to some six 
 month old heifers and these ate the plants eagerly, stripping 
 the stalks and eating all the branches except a portion of the 
 main stalk. 
 
 We intended to put the main part of the crop into the silo, 
 but put only about 2^ tons in, as our silo got full before we 
 finished the piece. This portion was cut on September loth. 
 
12 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I, 
 
 We have no report yet on the feeding value of the ensilage, as 
 we do not open this silo until about January 15th. The ensilage 
 looked very good and packed nicely. 
 
 We did not touch the remainder of the field until September 
 22d, when we moved it and cured it in cocks for hay. It was 
 too late for best results as hay, I am afraid, as the stalks were 
 woody, and the beans were almost full in the pod. The hay 
 yielded us, by weight, after curing in the cock ten days, under 
 covers,- — loi pounds from 25 feet square plot, or 625 square 
 feet." (This equals 3^^ tons per acre.) 
 
 "The beans moulded slightly in the pod, but not much. We 
 fed one large two-horse load of this cured hay to our milkers. 
 This was used in the stable to supplement our late fall pasturage, 
 and a slight increase of milk flow resulted all throughout the 
 herd. The cows were eager at all times for the hay and cleaned 
 up all but the stalks, which were used as bedding. The increased 
 milk flow, however, was also maintained by following the soy 
 bean hay with mixed hay rowen. 
 
 The rest of the soy beans were fed out of the cocks to the 
 young heifers in pasture. They would all come running down 
 the hill to the fence as soon as the beans were thrown over. They 
 cleaned the hay up very well and seemed to make a perceptible 
 increase in growth while the hay lasted. The soil used was a 
 fairly rich piece of light loam. A big root development was 
 made. 
 
 We were, in all, well pleased with the crop, and will use it 
 next season as a forage crop for our milkers, cutting it earlier 
 than we did this past season. 
 
 We also used a variety of soy bean, Harris's Medium Early 
 Green. We planted this variety in the hills with our silo corn, 
 also in the hills with our Evergreen sweet corn, for forage, and 
 were much pleased with that arrangement and also with that 
 variety. It blossomed and formed pods earlier than the Holly- 
 brook, and although its height was less, its stalk was less woody. 
 We expect our ensilage to be much better because of it. 
 
 We are convinced that soy beans are a valuable crop and one 
 that can be grown to advantage on New England dairy farms. 
 
 We consider it a mistake to plant the soy beans in rows 26 
 inches apart. They should be from 32 to 36 inches apart, so that 
 a horse cultivator can be used." 
 
soy beans as food for diabetics. 1 3 
 
 Directions for Planting Soy Beans. 
 
 Choose land in fair condition; poor rather than rich. Liming 
 is not essential ; 200 pounds of acid phosphate per acre may pay. 
 
 Inoculation is generally desirable, using 500 pounds of soil 
 from a soy bean field or an artificial culture which can be 
 bought. 
 
 Plant at corn planting time or not later than the first week 
 in June. 
 
 For forage, drill in rows 28 inches apart, plants about 2 to 
 3 inches apart in the row and cover seed about one inch deep. 
 
 Keep weeds down by cultivation till the crop is a foot high. 
 
 Cutting for soiling may begin when the pods form, and for 
 ensilage soy beans should be harvested before the lower leaves 
 turn yellow and drop. 
 
 For seed, cut or pull plants after all leaves have fallen and 
 the pods are brown. 
 
 SOY BEANS AS FOOD FOR DIABETICS. 
 
 Following is a very brief outline of a paper* by Messrs. J. P. 
 Street and E. M. Bailey of this Station. 
 
 In recent years various soy bean preparations have come into 
 quite extensive use as special foods for the diabetic. The soy bean 
 is especially suited for such a dietary as it is very rich in protein 
 and fat, and furthermore contains only traces of starch, although 
 analysis shows from 20 to 25 per cent of "nitrogen-free extract." 
 
 The form of the carbohydrates, however, is vital to the claims 
 of special value of soy beans as food for diabetics, for starch 
 is not by any means the only carbohydrate which is objectionable 
 in their diet. 
 
 The authors have therefore made a thorough study of the 
 nitrogen-free extract and fiber of Hollybrook soy bean seed 
 grown at Mt. Carmel and thoroughly ripe when harvested. 
 
 The proximate percentage composition of the beans was 
 
 Water 12.67 
 
 Ash 4.64 
 
 Protein 36.69 
 
 Nitrogen-free extract and fiber 31.08 
 
 Fat 14.92 
 
 100.00 
 
 * Journal of Indust. and Engineering Chem., Vol. 7, No. 10, p. 853. 
 
14 CONNECTICUT EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETIN I9I. 
 
 The analysis of nitrogen-free extract and fiber, by methods 
 described in the paper, yielded 
 
 Galactan* 4.86 
 
 Pentosan 4.94 
 
 Organic acids (as citric) 1.44 
 
 Invert sugar 0.07 
 
 Sucrose 3.31 
 
 Raffinose 1.13 
 
 Starch 0.50 
 
 Cellulose 3-29 
 
 Undetermined hemicelluloses 0.04 
 
 Dextrin 3.14 
 
 Waxes, color principles, tannins, etc. (by diff.) . . 8.60 
 
 31-32 
 Galactan from rafifinose 0.24 
 
 31-08 
 The organic acids, celluloses and waxes, etc., certainly cannot 
 be regarded as objectionable, nor are galactans or the pentosans 
 generally considered dangerous. This leaves only 8.15 per cent 
 of "extract" which is considered objectionable in a strict 
 diabetic diet. This is less, it is believed, than occurs in any 
 other unmanipulated vegetable products having a considerable 
 protein content. 
 
 * Including 0.24 per cent derived from raffinose. 
 
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