cyp^cP^ BOOK 398.09703 F84 1L c. 1 FRACHTENBERG » LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS AND NOTES ON KUSAN DIALECTS 3 T153 D015M0bS t. MARIAN W. SMITH MARIAN V/. SMITH LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS AND NOTES ON THE KUSAN DIALECTS COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ANTHROPOLOGY Edited by Franz Boas VOLUME IV LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS AND NOTES ON THE KUSAN DIALECTS BY LEO J. FRACHTENBERG NEW YORK COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS LEYDEN E. J. BRILL, Limited I 9 14 Printed by E. J. BRILL, LEYDEN (Holland). CONTENTS. LOWER UMPQUA TEXTS. Page Introduction i Alphabet 5 Creation Myths 7 1. The Universal Change 7 2. The Death of Grizzly Bear 14 3. The Origin of the Yakonan and Siuslauan Tribes .... 30 4. The Big Fire 32 5. The Crow and the Thunder-Bird 34 6. The Girls and the Stars 38 7. The Origin of Death 40 Miscellaneous Tales 44 8. The Pelican and the Sea-Gull 44 9. The Beaver and the Muskrat 48 10. The Man who married the Bear- Woman 54 11. The Lost Seal-Hunters 62 12. The Dreamer 68 Descriptions of Customs and Manners 74 13. How a Wife was obtained 74 14. Invocation for Rain 76 15. Description of a Shinny Game 78 16. How a Siuslaw House was built, and the Food the Siuslaw ate 80 17. Setting Traps for Elk 84 Fragments 86 18. The Skunk and the Screech-Owl 86 19. Coyote and the Two Otter- Women 88 20. The Grizzly Bear and the Two Little Birds 94 [V] VI Page 21. The Old Woman and her Grand-Daughter 96 22. The Story of Louisa Smith's Childhood 100 Appendix 103 23. The Man who married the Bird-Woman (told in English) . 103 Vocabulary 107 Lower Umpqua— English 109 English-Lower Umpqua 128 NOTES ON THE KUSAN DIALECTS. 1. Notes on the Miluk 141 2. Notes on Coos Texts (Vol. I of this Series) 150 ERRATA 155 INTRODUCTION. The following texts were collected on the Siletz Reser- vation, Oregon, during March and April, 191 1, in con junction with an investigation of the Lower Umpqua language, carried on under the joint auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology and of Columbia University. With the exception of the last tale (No. 23), which was narrated in English by Louis Smith, a full-blooded Lower Umpqua Indian, all texts were obtained from William Smith, an Alsea Indian, who at an early age had gained a knowledge of the Lower Umpqua language, and from his wife, Louisa Smith, the oldest member of the Lower Umpqua tribe, — a tribe now practically extinct. The collection of these texts was accomplished under great difficulties, which will largely account for the meagre number of myths and tales contained in them. Louisa's advanced age rendered her practically useless as a narrator. Her memory of old traditions was almost entirely gone, and she had lost the faculty of relating facts coherently and in consecutive order. Besides, her narratives, such as could be obtained, were too much interspersed with Chinook jargon ; so that, after having obtained from her part of story No. 18 and an account of her childhood (No. 22), I was forced to resort to her husband's services as a narrator. Since he was not familiar with the traditions of the Lower Umpqua Indians, the following procedure had to be adopted. He was asked to obtain from his wife, through the medium of Chinook jargon, such stories, I — COI.. UNIV. CONTRiri. ANTHROI'. — V(~ll,. IV. and in such form, as she could remember, and to retell them to me in English. I then arrang-ed the facts in what seemed to be the most likely consecutive order, whereupon William was instructed to dictate these facts in the Lower Umpqua language, — a task which at times was too much for his limited intelligence. He too often lost the trend of the story, and wandered away from the subject-matter, leaving out the most important details, and failing to mention the subjects and objects involved in a certain myth. Whenever unable to continue a thought, he resorted to unnecessary repetitions, so that most of the texts that make up this collection seem to be lacking in vividness of description and continuity of thought. To be sure, in extenuation of William's .shortcomings as a nar- rator, it must be borne in mind that the Lower Umpqua lano^uao^e was not his native tong-ue. In this manner, after many complications and an unusual loss of time, I succeeded in obtaining the stories numbered 8, 9, 1 8, 19, 20, and 21, all of which are native Lower Umpqua traditions, and the descriptive texts listed in this collection as Nos. 13, 14, 16, and 17. These represent all the traditions that Louisa Smith could remember with a fairly reasonable degree of certainty. Being anxious to obtain some more texts (not so much for ethnological purposes, as from linguistic considerations), I asked William Smith to narrate Alsea myths and stories, designating some at random from a fairly rich collection I had pre- viou.sly obtained from him in his native tongue.^ Thus he dictated the texts numbered 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, and 15, which are but a poor improvement over those enumer- ated above. They are wofully lacking in clearness and continuity of description, are full of repetitions and gram- matical mistakes, and — being but imperfect translations — ' It is planned [o pulilish these in a later volume of this series. do not bring" out the points that may have suggested their conception to the mind of the native Alsea. This is especially true of the creation myths Nos. i and 3. Therefore, in order to obtain at least a few texts that would be fairly free from these faults of matter and form, I devised another plan, which proved very successful. I picked out a few Coos texts,^ dictating them in English by sentences to William Smith, who translated them in a similar manner into Lower Umpqua. Thus I obtained the myths numbered 4, 5, 6, and 7, which, from a linguistic and literary point of view, may be considered the best in this collection. The order of arrangement that has been followed in this volume resulted from considering the texts chiefly from the point of view of type and volume of form. Consequently the creation myths are listed first, in spite of the fact that none of them are native traditions ; then follow the miscellaneous tales, succeeded by texts that contain descriptive material ; after which follow such stories as were obtained in a fragmentary form. The last nar- rative (No. 23), told in English, has been added to this collection, because this proved the most expedient way of publishing it. The small number of native Lower Umpqua traditions does not permit of making any extensive investigations into the question of a probable concordance between the mythology of the Lower Umpqua and that of the sur- rounding tribes ; but judging from those few that were obtained, and chiefly in view of the fact that Louisa Smith claimed to have heard her own people tell some of the Alsea and Coos stories contained in this volume, it may be assumed with a certain degree of safety that the ' Leo J. Frachtenberg, Coos Texts (Columbia University Contributions to Anthro- pology, Vol. I, Xos. 2, 5, 8, and 9). mythology of the Lower rinp(}ua Indians did not differ materially, in form and content, from that of their neigh- bors. This applies especially to the traditions of the Coos and Yakonan ^ tribes, whose languages show a clear relationship to Siuslaw.'' The vocabulary at the end of this volume, does not by any means contain all stems and expressions that were ever used by the Lower Umpqua Indians ; although it embodies, besides the stems found in the texts, such additional material as was obtained through colloquial intercourse with the informants. The alphabetical order in which these stems are arranged was suggested by Professor Franz Boas, to whom the author is greatly indebted in many ways. The numerals that follow each stem refer to page and line of this volume. A full sketch of the Lower Umpqua language, based chiefly upon these texts, is being published by the Bureau of American Ethnology." SiLETz, Ore., September, 191 2. ' I intend to discuss this question in a grammatical sketch of the Alsea, to be published in the Handbook of American Indian Languages (Bureau of American Kthnology, Bulletin 40, Part II). - l.eo f. Frachtenl)erg, i,o\ver L'mpqua, an Illustrative Sketch (ibid.). ALPHABET. a Like a in sJiall. e Like c in hchiict. I Like / in //. Like in sort. u Like u in German Fnrc/it. a Like a in car. c Like a in table. I Like ee in teem. Like in rose. u Like 00 in too. I Like y in Polish ryba. u Very short u. a Like a in German loil/ilen. !•: Obscure vowel. ", '■, 1, o, II, E Resonance vowels. a' Like / in island. a'> Same as preceding, but with .second element long. a" Like on in inoitth. a~^^ Same as preceding, with second element long. //'■ Diphthong ui. o} Diphthong ai. a" Diphthong au. u^ Diphthong Tti. q Velar k. q! Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. X Like ch in German Bach. k Like c in come, but unaspirated. kl Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. X'' Aspirated k. d, t Sonants and surds difficult to distinguish ; surd not aspirated // Like t, with very great stress of explosion. /' Weak explosive /. /' Aspirated /. s As in English. c Like sh in English she. is As in English sits. tc Like ch in chu?ik. tsf, tc! . . . Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. ts\ tc' ... AN'eak explosives. / As in English. p: Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. /, w, II . . . As in English. /• Palatal /. Like / in English lure. 7 Spirant lateral, pronounced like the combined ch in (ierman /i/i and the / in English lure. /, Surd lateral, i)ronounced very much like //. r./ Same as preceding, with very great stress of explosion. *• Glottal catch. ' Aspiration whose palatal or velar character depends ui)on the character of the vowel that precedes it. h, y, 70 . . As in English. ' Stress accent. ^ Pitch accent. CREATION MYTHS. I. The Universal Change^ {Alsea). One day (Coyote) said to his people that he was going to assemble many people. "We shall have fun." So everywhere he sent word to all people, (instructing the messengers thus:) "You will tell (them that) on such a day many people will come together from everywhere." And, indeed, thus (the messengers) did. To each place there came a messenger, saying, " Many people are going to assemble." And, indeed, people did thus, and assembled. And after a while all the messengers returned. Waa'a^tsmE ants L!a'^' hitc. TEma^^'yun ants L!a'=^' hitc. He speaks to his those many people. He will assemble those many people. them "Hu'tctun}." K!exu'tc L.'aya'tc waa'un ants hitc L!a'^'. "Play will we."' Each to place to he says to those people many. "Llwa'ntuxtci, 'Tcint tsxayu'^^' tEmu'tux Lla'^i hitc klexu'nE.'" "Tell shall you, 'On such a day assemble many people every from.' " shall "1 wan ha'nhan s'^atsa'tx hitcu^^^ Klexu^tc Llaya'tc waa'un Then finally indeed thus do (pi.) people. Each to place to says it tE ia'k"t!wi hitu'tc. "TEmua'wax ants L.'a'^^." "-^l wan this gatherer (of) people. "Are going to those many." Then finally come together ha'nhan s^atsa'tx hitcu"^'. "1 wan tEmu'tx hitcil'". "1 indeed thus do (pi.) people. Then finally assemble people. Then wan ku'ya^tsacLla'^' "} tcin ants L.'a^^i hitc Ll^wa'x. finally after a while then return those many people messengers. ' A myth probably common to the Siuslaw and Alsea Indians, since Louisa claimed to have heard it related bv some of her own people. [7] 8 Thus was each messenger told: "In ten days we shall start from everywhere." And the messengers related it thus: "In ten days the)- will come." Glad were the hearts of the people who were going to assemble. They kept counting those days, for they were eoinof to have much fun. Thev were gfoincr to shoot at the target, and they were going to throw up bundles of tied grass and spear them in the air. Thus jjeople were going to play, as soon as those days should pass. And that chief (Coyote) said, "Many will come. Make ye your minds strong. Don't be continually down-hearted !" "1 wan waa'xam s'^^atsi'tc : " Kix'^s tsxayu'^''' "Inxan wan Then finally (he) is told thus: "(In) ten days then we finally (excl.) qa'tc'^ntux klexO'nE Llaya'nE." "t wan s^atsftc iJwina'' start will each from place from.'" Then finally thus ants Ll^wa'x : "Kix^^s tsxayCi'^'^ "tnx Li'utux." those messengers: "(In) ten days then come will.'" they relate hai^ heart (of) ants those many ^^(of)' tsxayu'^'. days. ants those (who) Ya=^'xa^ Much tEmua wax to assemble intend hutcu'"' L!a'^' many. Lla^-i they Tsltu'^^'^tc hai' ants L!a Glad (is) their heart those Ka^Lxesun They keep on counting (will have). TsiLlatu'" ya^'xa' L!a'^^ "1 hamxa^'ni ants tsEha"\'a "1 Shoot (pi.) many people. And made of tied that grass then qa'xuntc hakwa'yu'nE H qa'xuntc tu'tca'yutnE. Si^a'tsa upwards it is thrown and upwards it is speared. Thus hutcu'" iJa'^'. Ku'ya'tsacLla'-'^i "1 smO't'Etux ants tsxayu'^^^ play (pi.) many. After a while then end Waa^' ants m^a'tl, "Ll'utux Lla'-'^'. Says that chief, "Come will many. will those days. TE^xmisitci ^ ha^" ! 10 Kumi'ntc''tci (ja'xantc ha"'wisitl ha'M" Not you downwards make contin- hearts!" ually your Strong continually hearts ! let be your ' Mis-heard for iE'xmhit^tct strong continuat.i.v (i,et) r.E vouk . . of tEx"m strong; -Is durative: -Itttd possessive suffix for 2d per. pi. Consists At last those ten days came to an end. They were lookinof out for the multitude that was to come. And finally they came. Many people came and began to play. Different games they played. They were shooting at the target, and were playing shinny. Those who came brought with them all kinds of things. "We shall play different games." Many games were to be indulged in. And people kept on assembling, and began to play. They were shooting at the target. Then (Coyote and his aide) said 4 wan smut'a't' ants tsxayu'^^^ H wan ya'q"hisun Then finally ends that day. And now (they) watch con- tinually (for) ants L.'a'-^' Lfutux. "1 wan Li'utx hitcu'" ants L!a'^\ those manv come will. Then finally come people those many, (who) • ' (pi.) Ya^'xai hitc l\sl'^'' liTi. "1 wan hutca'tx hitcu'". Nictcamai'- Many people many come. Then finally play (pi.) people. Different nat'E hutca'tx hltcu'^^ TclLlatu'^^ ^ L!a'^'. PEku''^ hh'^'. (games) play (pi.) people. Shoot now many. Play many. (pi.) shinny (pi.) 5 Ha'^mut hla^' tp:'q hina'yun ants Li'utx hltcu'^^ iJa'^^ All many some- bring it those come people many, thing (who) (pi.) "Nictcamai'nat'anl hu'tctux," H wan yay^ iJoxa'xam waa'xam ants hitc. S"kwi'tc tsinq!t Then finally is sent is told (to go) that man. Very poor is ' Nanielv, (irizzlv I'ear. 17 poor man it was who was sent. "Speak to him kindly, don't tell him anything bad. Tell him thus : 'We want you to come here. We are going to have lots of fun.' Thus you shall tell him. Don't tell him (anything) bad. He is shrewd and very bad." Finally that man went, thinking (a great deal) in his mind, for he was very much afraid. (And when he came to Grizzly Bear, he said,) "I come here as a messenger." (He then told Grizzly Bear his mission and departed. Not long afterwards Grizzly's friends visited him, inquiring of the messenger's mission.) One of them said, "What did the (man) who came here say to you ?" — " He said nothing. I was simply told ants hitc Lloxa^xam. "Hp'sanx Llwa^nisOn. Kwi^nx nictcl^tc that man is sent. "Well thou keep on telling Not thou what like (who) him. Llwa^nisun mi'kla'na. Llwa^nlsunanx s'''atsi'tc. Si'nixyunan- keep on telling badly. Keep on telling thus. Want him him him thou xan Lfutux tiu^ts. Tsi'k!yanxan sfn^xyun hutca^a^. we come shall here. Very we want it fun shall be (had). Atsftc'^^nx Llwa^nlsun. Kwfnx L!wa^nisun mfkla'na. Thus thou keep on telling Not thou keep on telling badly, him. him 5 Ya^'xa^tc ha^',^ tsfklya mfk.'a." H wan qa'tc'nt ants hitc. Much his mind, very bad." So finally goes that man. Ha^tcftc cfn'xyat!ya ants hitc. Winx tsi^k!ya. "L!°wa'xan His mind thinks repeatedly that man. He fears very. "Messenger I kind of ta^kin Liu'." "J wan wilwa^', " Nictci'tc'^nx wa^'yaxa^ts this I come." Then now he affirms, "What thee told you he-thee ants LiYiyax ?" " — " Kumi'ntc nictci'tc wa'a^L Txun that (who) came?" ■ — "Not anything he says (neg.). Just I Llona'yutnE s'^atsi'tc : 'Klaha'yu'nin.' Atsi'tcin Llona'yuts. am told thus : 'Invited am 1.' Thus me tells he-me. • "He is foxy." '- Here the narrator has lost the trend of his story. Upon the departure of the messenger, Grizzly is evidently asked by some friends as to his mission, whereupon he gives the answer that follows. 2 COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. i8 (that) I am invited (to some games). Thus he told me : 'People want you to come very much. That's why I came here as a messenger.'" (After a while another messenger was sent to Grizzly Bear, requesting him to come at once.) Then (Grizzly Bear) said thus : " Will anything be given to me if I come r" — " Nothing was said (about that). People are just playing, and that's why you are invited to come." — "You tell them thus: 'He wants something. If something be given to him, then he will come.' Thus he tells you." (The messenger related Grizzly Bear's words to his people.) And one man said thus: "He is shrewd. He 'Tsi\!yanx sfn^xyun Llwa'wax. S'^atsftcin L.'^wax ta'kin ^Very they want it intend to come Thus I messenger this I (thou). Liu^'" S'^atsi'tc waa^'.^ "TE^'qin waxa"'mE ta^kin k!aha'- come.' " Thus he says. "Some- be given this I am tiling I yu'nE?" — "Kumi^ntc nictcftc wa^'a'^tnE. Txu wan hutcu^" invited?" — "Not anything is said. Just now play (pi.) L!a^^'. S'^a^tsa tanx sfn^xyutnE Li^utux." — " S'^atsf tc'^nx many. Thus this thou art wanted come shall." — "Thus thou Llwa^nis : " 'Si^nxit taqa^^na. Ats tE'q waxa^yExayim,'^ H tell contin- 'He wants something. When some- he be given, then ually : thing wan LiYitux.' S'^atsftc^nx waa^yuts." finally he come will.' Thus thee tells he-thee." "1 s^^atsl'tc waa' ants al^q hltc.^ "Txu ya^'xa'tc hai\^ Then thus says that one man. "Just much his mind. S^atsi'tc si'n^xya, ni^ctcim s'^as kl^xa^yun tE hitc. A'tsa Thus he desires, because he kills these people. That's ' The narrator lost again the trend of the story. The messenger has evidently once more approached Grizzly Bear, from whom he receives the reply that follows. 2 These are the instructions given by Grizzly Bear to the messenger, 3 Probably mis-heard for wa'x^yaxa^viE. * The messenger has now returned, giving the following account of his visit to Grizzly Bear. 5 That is, "he is shrewd." 19 thinks so, because he has killed the people. That's why he is shrewd." Thus said that man (messenger). "He was (evidently) told (by some of his friends) that a dance would be arranged for him in order to change his (mean) disposition, and that everybody hates him. That's why he replied, that, if something were given to him, he would come. Thus he told me." Then the messenger went again. "You tell him thus: 'A knife will be given to you.' Thus tell him. 'You shall start right away, you are invited. Many people are playing (there), and it is desirable that you should come.' Thus you tell him." That man who was about to be sent kept on thinking, "I will speak to him. I know "t ya^xaitc hai\" ^ Atsftc waa' ants hitc : "Atsi'tc why much his mind." Thus says that man: "Thus waa'xam : 'MEq!e4iaV^ Huya^ultx ha^'. Tsf k!ya plan- he is told : 'A dance will be Changed (will mind, arranged for him. be) his ya^^t!yun ha^tc' " S^atsftc waa^'. Very him is con- tinually id hi Thus he says. S^atsi'tcin wa^'a^ts." then he will come. Thus me tells he-me." "1 wan qa^tc'nt ants hitc waha". Then now starts that man again. sorry for Ats tE'q wa^x^yaxa^mE If some- be given to him thing (conditional) " S^atsi^tc'^^nx waVsun. "Thus thou tell him repeatedly. Atsftcinx Llona^yun. 'Lfmqanx Thus thou tell him. 'Right away thou Hotcu^^^ Lla'^i ya^'xai. Si^n^x- Play (pi.) they many. Wanted yu'nanx Lfutux.' Atsftc'^nx Llona^yun." Cfn'xyat!ya ants art thou come shall.' Thus thou tell him." Thinks continually that hitc L!oxaV\ "Qna^han waa^yun. Llxu^yun qna'han man sent will be, "I say to him. Know it I (who) 'Waxa'yimanx qani^nat' 'Is given to thee knife.' qa'tc^ntux, k!aha^yu'nanx. start shalt, invited art thou. 1 That is, "he is shrewd." 2 That is, "everybody hates him." 20 what to tell him, so that he will start ri' 2o ha'^mut inqlaV, "hi L!°wa'xyrm sqa'k L!a'^^ hitc. Al^q qiutcu'ni "t a'l^q tExmu'ni 4a"x sqa'k ^ Li'utux. "l a'l^q tExmu'ni "l al^q qiutcu'ni "1 a^'sxa sqa^tci'tc ^ qa'tc'ntux. "t stim "1 t!fmct!'tux.^ Xa'tslu inqla'i "la"x alqHc wa'as. ' An .\lsea myth told in the Lower Umpqua language. - The Alsea name for Coyote. William Smith frequently used Alsea terms instead of their Siuslaw equivalents. 3 Instead of L'.oxa'yTi-nE. Insertion of weak «-vo\vel due to vocalic harmony. * The messengers. 31 3- The Origin of the Yakonan and Siuslauan Tribes {A /sea). (One day) Coyote sent many of his people in all directions, (instructing them) to bring together many people. Thus was told (each) man (as he) was sent (out): "You shall tell well what I say. I want many people to come together. They shall play." And, verily, (the messengers) were coming to (different) houses. "(As) messengers we come. You shall assemble, that is why we came here. Everywhere many people are about to assemble. For that reason I came here (as) a messenger. You shall come together from everywhere. That is why I came here (as) a messenger. You are invited to assemble. For that purpose I came here." Then (each messenger) was told, "All right! we will come." Thus was told (each) man (who was a) messenger. "You shall say, 'They are coming now.' Thus you shall say." Thus was told (each) man as he went back. So then many people assembled from everywhere. They kept on coming together in large numbers. At last they were assembled. (Then Coyote said to them,) "You shall know [me] why you have been assembled." (So) they listened there. "Not for nothing have you been assembled. Everywhere I am going to distribute [send] the people. Although many are the rivers, nevertheless I shall send people there. One woman and one man will go there (to the Yaquina River). And one man and a woman, also, will start there (for the Alsea River). And they will * The use of the future passive in this sentence is incorrect. The past passive tEm^'wa' xamyax would have been more proper. 8 For example, to the Yaquina River. '^ To the Alsea River. 8 Compare Roland B. Dixon, Maidu Texts (Publications of the American Ethnological Society, Vol. IV, pp. 15 et seq). 32 S'^a'tsa hiq!ya'a" ants iJa'^'. A'K] qiutcii'ni "} a1^q tKx- mu^ni L!°waxyun. "In xa^tslu inqa^i ^ "In rJ^vva^xyun. Sti'm'-nx t.'i'mctl'tux. S^'-a'tsa hlqle'yusnE ants L.'a'^'." S'-atsi'tc waa^yOsni': ants a'l^q tExmu^ni "t a^t-'^q qiutcu^ni. 5 "Scja'kts qa^tc'-ntux. Sqa^kts tli'mctl'tux. Xa'tslO inqla'l "1 k!'na''t'axtcx" wa^as. Stimts ya'xtux. K!'na''t'axtc wa^as xa^tslu inq!aV. Stimts t!i'mct!'tux, stimts ya^^xai ha'utux. Klexu^tc'-tci iJaya^tc qa^tcMitux, stfmtci ya^'xai ha'utux." Atsftc waa'yu'nE ants iJa^^' Lloxa^^yutnE.^ lo "Xa'ts!u inq!a'i "1 k!'na''t'axtc wa'as." Ta-'^'k^^'ax =^ sqa^ktcl'tc qa'tc'ntux, a'l^q tExmu'ni "t a^t-^q qlOtcu'ni. "Stimkts ya^'xa' ha'utux, stimkts ya^'xa' t!i'mct!'tux." Atsl'tc waa'yu'nE ants Lla'-'^'. "la"x ta-'^k a''sxa "]:a"x sqa'ktcftc qa'tc'ntux, "Ja^x stim t!i'mct!'tOx. "S^atsaYitsatci, ta'tci 15 tEmuYits. Sti'mtci ya^'xa^ ha'Otux." S^tsfxamyax tE hitc L!a'^'. S^'^a'tsa hiqia'xamyax tE hitc Lla'^^ Sqa'k wan hawai\ 4. The Big Fire * {Coos). Oa'a^tclx ^ pEil'tc Liha'yax tE Llya'a". Oa"'xunyax xint 20 ants Liya'a". TciVatc hi'sa^x Liu'. Tci'wa ma^tc ants fqai^tu, H sqa^k ta' ants Liya'a", "J a'1a! mihca'' ants ]:qa'''tri. Wa^" tci'wa ma^tc ants lqa'''tu, "1 miltca''. TOqya'a^ ' Namely, the Siuslaw and Umpqua Rivers. 2 Instead of Lloxa'yutfiE. ' By metathesis for ia<^'ka''x. * An Alsea myth; see also Coos Texts (Vol. I of this series). This myth has undoubtedly an historical foundation. I was told by the Indians of that region 33 raise children there. Two rivers^ will have one language. Thus the world will be started. One woman and one man I shall send (at a time). Then to two (other) rivers I shall send (people), where they will raise children. Such will be the beginning of the world." Thus every single man and woman would be told. "Ye two will go there and raise children. (The People living on) two (different) rivers will understand each other's language. Ye will multiply there. (Living on) two (distinct) rivers, (ye will) understand each other's language. Ye will raise children there, and will multiply. Wherever ye go, there ye will multiply." Thus were told those who were sent off. "(People living on) two (different) rivers will understand each other's language." Then these two, the first couple, started for that place. "Ye two will multiply there, and will raise many children." Thus were told all the people. Then also those (other) two went to that place (whither they were told to go), and were going to raise children there. (And Coyote said,) "Thus I (do it) for ye, whom I have assembled (here). (If ye go) there, ye will multiply." Thus it was (said) to many people. Thus the tribes were created [started]. Here it ends. 4. The Big Fire ^ (Coos). This fire passed first along the North Fork.^ It went along the sky, and came straight to the water. (What- ever) logs lay in the water, the fire would settle there, and then the logs would burn down. Although the logs were in the water, still (they) caught fire. Up-stream the whole that some eighty years ago a big fire almost destroyed the whole country. Even to this day thousands upon thousands of acres of burnt timber bear mute testimony to the truth of this story. * Qa'a'ic^ a tributary of the Siuslaw River, now called North Fork. 3 — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. 34 ha''mrit mi'hcist tE iJa'-'^'. Wan tsim s'-a'tsa, qa"'xunyax txu. ()a"'xunyax Lxata'' ants uya'a". Tcik ants limrstist L.'a'^', "} sqa'k ta' ants Llya'a", "1 a'lal mikca'' sqa'tKm. Oa'^xixyax tK iJa'^'. Kumi'ntc tea yax. Hai'mut 5 mfkcist tE L!a'^'. SExa^^'tc qaa'xam ants L!a'=^' tE'q, "1 a'lat qo'x"m tclVatc qayfxam ants li'tla^ T!amcfl-ma iJa'"' "} sExa'"'tc Lxaa^xam, "} qo'x"m qayfxam. Oa''xix- yax, kumi'ntc tcik yax. Kfx'^s his tsxayrf"^ tE hu^'nyax iJa'^i. Kiimi'ntc tea yax tE Lla'^'. Hu"n tE L!a'^'. Ko'tan lo "^ tci'watc Liu'. Kumi'nte iit!aya't ants ko'tan. Ha^'mOt mi'iteist ants tsEha^^'ya. Tsi'sqan pk'itiyu's tEmf/yax. Eimna^'q "f xa'tslii ti'.mu'yax. Limna^'q "1 ma'lte''t qn^^'wa'- xamyax. Tsi'k^^te "t ma'he^t ants Limna^'q. Pk'itiyifstc tEmu'yax tE Limna^'q. Paa^^'witeix qate'^natu'" ants Lim- ir na"q. OoV'mtc ha'^mut qwa'xte'st tE Limna^'q. Ma'kc^t hai'mut hi'qO'tc ants Limna^'q. "1 t!i a'l-du ma'itc't. Ha^'mut tE'q mi'ltcist. Hi'q" al'du mi'ttcist. 0!a'xa"xt "1 wi'^tayatc hai'mut tEmu'^^ Ha'^mut tE'q Jite'^t ma'he't. Ha^'mut ma'ltc't ants Limna^'q qate'^natu'". 20 Sqa'k wan hawa''. 5. The Crow and the Thunder-Bird ^ {Coos). M"qwa'LEm wa'as "1 qa'xun tsi'k.'ya. Lnat waa^'. Kumi'ntc wi'Lit ants L!a'^'. A'tsa "1 kumi'nte Ji'tliyun tE }i't!a\ Ma'q"L "J tsim s^as Llxf^yun, nietei'te ci'n'xyat!ya hite. Nietei'te'-nx ci'n'xyat.'ya, "t^nx s^as Llwina'yuts. 25 XEwi'te'^nx hi'qlya, "I'-nx si'^as Llwina'yuts s^atsi'te. Teai- ' This, and the two texts that follow, are Coos myths. They were dictated by me in English verbatiiit to William Smith, who then retold them in Lower Umpqua. region began to burn. Always thus, just along the sky (the fire would pass). The fire swept along the sky. Wherever there was a place that had not burned down, the fire would settle there and then would flare up from there. (Then) it got dark, (and) nothing could be seen anywhere. The whole region was afire. All kinds of things were put into a canoe, and the food was then fastened (to floats) way out in the water. Many children were placed in canoes that were made fast offshore. It was dark, nothing could be seen anywhere. (For) full ten days this darkness prevailed. Nowhere could anything be seen. This whole universe (was hurled into) darkness. Horses came to the water. The horses had no food, (for) all the orrass had burned down. Deer assembled at a lake. Elks assembled at two (other lakes). (Many) elks were found (afterwards) burned. Their feet were burned. (Many) elks came to the lake walking along the sand-beach. All the elks went into the water offshore, while their hair was on fire. And grizzly bears burned, likewise. Everything was burned. Wildcat, too, was burned. All the wolves came to an island. All sorts of cougars caught fire. All the elks that were walking about were burned. Here, now, it ends. 5. The Crow and the Thunder-Bird^ [Coos). Crow's language (used to be) very loud [high]. He was always talking. (At that time there) was no low tide. For that reason he could not get [eat] any food. Crow ahvays knew a person's thoughts. He can tell you whatever you are thinking of. When you are about to die, he can tell This text is very important, as it shows the linguistic relation of type that exists between the Kusan and Siuslauan stocks (see Coos Texts, Vol. I of this series, p. 14). 36 tci^tc^-nx sin'xya (ja'tc'^na, "J'^nx tsim s'^as iJwina'yuts. Ya''^'xa' waa'' Inat. A'^q hitc "1 i.Iu' m^^qwa'L'tc, "t waaVn s^atsi'tc. "Qa'- xunanx wa^a'sun. Nictci'tc tE'q, "t'ns a'tcna'^^^tux tK 5 wa'as? Waxa'yimanx nictci'tcin tK pu'lkna." Inq!a'i "J kumfntc vvi'Lil. Tsim qLOvva'", wa'' ya'tsa. "1 ma'q"L wi'iutun. "Hp'sa tsi'klya, a'tcna^'^^tux^-ns."^ "Ja^x a'tcna'ha"t- wan. "1^ lAu m"qwa^L'tc ants umli^yusEm wa^as ; umllyu^stc Liu' m"qwa'LEm wa'as. S^atsi'tc waa'a^^n uma^Jl. "Ts'il*- lo mu't, wa'a'tsin ta'kin " wa'as !" "J wan waa'a"n. "t cikx ants iJa^'^' ants hitc waa'^ S'^atsitc wa''^'yaxa"n. "WaV L^syanx taqa^'na, "t^nx tsi'k.'ya qa^^'xim wa'a^s." Atsl'tc wa^^yaxa^n. "Wa'a's^nx na'm'''}itin wa'as." Tsi'klya his s'''a'na'iTikc vva'as wa^'syaxa"n. "} q!uyapl'yutsmE kopx, "t 15 mfn'xwa'. "Tsl'k!ya his, ts'il'mu'tln. Na^'xun xa'tslu "Jxiin a'tcna'^"tux." S^atsftc wa-'^'yaxa^n. "Pa'xa's^nx kopx, tcl wl'LtOx. Tsinlxtu'ni tE pl'^tsis wfLtOx, ha^'mut tE'q h't!a' "1 txu k!a'pis kla'ptuxL!. Tcfnta"nx ya'wisun, "t'^nx JftllsLin. S^^atsl'tc'-nx waa'yuts, ''\^nx ya'q^^ils." Tsl'klya 20 hP'sa "1 paxa'xutsniE kopx, "1 k!api'tc xinti't ants tci. K!a'la"tx ha'^ tcina'yax, "1 yo'q"ha'tu'tsmE kopx. Yo'q"- ha'tun ants inq!a'a\ "f k!a'pls. Ya^'klfsk'in ii'tla^ "1 txu k.'a'pis c'yatx. Oa'q^hantun plYi hitc. Hicatca'sk'in s^atsi'tc cfnlxya. "Li'mqanx ya'- (^"ha't. Kumi'ntc'-^nx atsl'tc waa'yuts, ya'q"hltunx. Li'm- qanx ya'q^^ha't." S^atsftc waa'yun. Ya'q"'yun ants h't!a^ mitcu'^^i L!a'^'. Ya'q^^'yun ha^'qmas tci'wa. Lnat s^a'tsatc nictcima^mu. ' Should have been a'Una'^"'/uns. 2 Sul)jcctive pronoun used with a possessive significance. you so. He can always tell you whether you want to go anywhere. He always talks a great deal. . (One day) a man came to Crow, and spoke to him thus: "You always speak loud. How would it be if we two should trade languages? I will give you (that with) which I speak." And (still) there was no low tide in the river. The water was always high. Then Crow answered him, "It would be very good if we two traded." Then they two traded ; and unto Crow came Thunder's language, while unto Thunder came Crow's lanofuasfe. Thus said Thunder (to Crow): "Friend, speak to me this my lan- guage !" So he spoke it to him, and the earth shook as that man spoke. Thus said (Thunder) to him: "If you get mad at anything, you shall always talk loud." Thus he told him. "You will always speak my language." And his language was very good as he spoke it. And as he twinkled his eyes, it began to lighten. "Very good, my friend ! We two will trade." (Then Thunder) said to him, "Whenever you shut your eyes, the water will get low. One-half of the ocean will become low, and all kinds of food will (be left) dry, (as they) will (be overcome by the) dry condition (of the water). Whatever (food) you can pick out, you may eat it. When I tell you so, then you may look." So he kept his eyes tightly shut, and the water began to get dry. (But soon) he got tired waiting, and he opened his eyes. He looked at the river, and (saw that it was) dry. Small fish [food] were just flopping, (as the river) kept on (getting) dry. He heard some one make a noise, and was thinking (about it) for a little while. (It was Thunder who told him,) "You looked too soon. I haven't told you (yet) to look. You looked too soon." Thus (Thunder) told him. He saw great quantities of food lying (about). He saw it (lying) near the water. That is his usual custom. 38 S'^atsftc waa^' ants nia'q"L. " Waxa^yuhsanx ta'kin mi'n'xwi, tic k!apa'^t!i inqla^a'." "1 waxa^xa^x ants mfn'xwi. "1 a'l^q h'yatc vvaxa'xa"x ants klapa^' iJa'^' inqla'a'. S'^atsl'tc "} ants k!apa'' ants inq!a'a'. "Wa'a^'-nx taqa^'na, 5 "Jnx mfnxwls." S'-atsftc wa-'^yaxa^n. "Mi'nx"tsx L!a'^\ ts'il-mu't!" "} wan mfnxa"tu'tsmK jJa'^^'. "t ma'q"L "t waa'a"n ants umii'yusEm wa^as. S'^atsi'tc waa'a"n. " Hl'^- sanx tsi'klya." S^atsftc L!wa^'nyaxa"n. "Wa^'tunx m"qwa'LEmtc wa''as." "1 wan waa^ "Lna't'nx wa'a^s lo s'^atsftc." S'^atsi'tc wa=^'yaxa°n. "Tcint hitc qa^ntcya ^ LiwaVax, "I'nx tifwax " haVisun tE nictcima^mu." S'^at- sl'tc wa^'yaxa"n. "Wa^^ ya'tsa, "J^nx atsi'tc wa'a%. Tci'k^nx ya'xyaxa"n hitc, "l^nx Llwa'nisun. Hi'sanx ma'nis mi'kia tE'q xnP^na'wax." S'^atsl'tc wa^'yaxa"n. S^atsi'tc "} Jnat 15 s^a^tsitsyaxa"tnE. S'^^a'tsatc nictcima^mu tE ma'q"L k!'sa't. Tci'k'^nx yixa'- yuts ma^q"L, "t'^nx wa'a^suts tsim. "} wan sqa^k ata''s hawa'". S^atsf tc^ax ^ halk! ma^q^L tE uma^li^'ax.^ 6. The Girls and ihe Stars'^ [Coos). Yaklisk'infi' iJaya' "^ tlyu'^^'. Ya^'xa' hitc tlyil'^^' stim. 20 S'^atsi^tc waa'' ants Lxa"yaxa"'ni ants mictci''. "Tcinf '' tEx Inu'ns ma'tcis." Tsi'klya his qa'x. Hai'mut^'nx s^'atsi'tc waa^'muxwa. "Tsi^k.'ya hrs, Jnu^nl ma^tcis." Oiutcu^ninx hai'mut. "l^'^nx Inu'tc Liha'. MEtca'wanx hni. "J^nx • (janic SOMEWHERE, Coos loan-word. 2 William Smith evidently misunderstood the Englisli dictation mou shai.t MAKE KNOWN for THOU SHALT MAKE NEW: hence his mistaken use of the adjective tU'wax NEW. It should be "Fnx lJxu>- and thou to know . . . 3 By metathesis for s^ats'i'ica"x thus they two. * By metathesis for tini(i'tla"x. 39 Thus Crow said : " I will give you this my lightning, so that the river may always be dry." Then he gave him the lightning. And that man (Thunder) gave hirn the dry (condition of the) river. That is how rivers came to be dry. "Whenever you say something, you will always make lightning." Thus (Crow) said to him, "Make light- ning, O friend!" So he made lightning, while Crow spoke Thunder's language. Thus (Crow) said to him, "You (are) right!" Thus he told hiju. "(Speak) again Crow's lan- guage." And he spoke 'if. "You shall always talk thus." Thus he told him. " Whatever person may intend to come (here) from anywhere, you shall always announce this event." Thus he told him. "You will speak thus forever. Wherever you may find a person, you will relate it. You will always watch (out whether) something bad is going to happen." Thus he told him, and thus it was always (done). Such is Crow's custom to-day. Wherever he sees you, he always speaks to you. Here finally it ends. Thus (is told the) story about Crow and Thunder. 6. The Girls and the Stars ' {Coos). They were living on a small place. Many people were living there. (One day) thus said a younger sister: "Sup- pose we two sleep outside?" It was a very beautiful night. Then all said thus to one another. "Very good, we will sleep outdoors." They were all women. They went outside. They intended to sleep outside. (At first) they s See note i on p. 34; also Coos Texts, Vol. I of this series, p. 50; and R. B. Dixon, Maidu Texts (Publications of the American Ethnological Society, Vol. IV, p. 185). " The exact rendering of this pronominal particle in this passage is rather obscure. 40 hi'q!a't hu'tca'wax. Wusya'a'stanx. "i ya'q"'yanx qa'xuntc, '1' nx ya'q^'yun ya^'xa' ants tslu^'m. Limnitcu'ni mictci'' "1 vvaa'. "Nictcftcinx ha'\ "J'ns qasLfwisIti tK ts!ri"mr'' Lxa"yaxa"'nitc ants mictcf' ' "J waa^ "Tci'nta"nx sfn^x- 5 yun?" — "Yakli'sk'inu'ni tE ts!u"m si'n'xyun." "J s'atsl'tc waa'. "Tcfnta"nx si'n'xyun?" — "Yiktfl-ma ts!ri"m ta'kin sfn^xyun." "I'nx ha''mut a"si's. Kumfntc'nx tK'q l!xu'- xOn waha'ha"n. A"sfsanx. Ts'u^xtits^^'ax ~ ki^stist. "t kwi'sis tatc mictcf' "t tEx- 10 m"wa^ni mate ya'q^ha'tun, "} tExnifl'ma. Ha'^mut quY- quLtc ants hfqu'tc. "1 yaxi'xun ants misi'a^tc tExm"wa'ni ma^tcu^n. Tslk!ya his tExmu'ni ants lIYi mi'tcist misa'- yustc. Ants qlutcu'ni "1 tc'icica''tx ha'\ Ants tExmu'ni "1 waa' s^atsl'tc. "Na'han a'nts^'nx sfn'xyOts ants qa^'x." 15 Atsi'tc LlxO^yu'nE ants ts!u^m hitc. Kiimi'ntc qwatc L!xu'xu"n nfctcatc ants ni'ctcisi, S''atsi'tc tE halk! l!o- nftxa^'nE. Smut'a't'. 7. The Origin of Death ^ [Coos). Ma skwlt'a"x * xa'ts!"wa"x. Ta'ya"x ti'mwa. Oiutca't- wax ■' k!ix. TExmu/nitc^^ax ants t!amc k!ix. A'f^^q 20 tsxayu'^' ts'O^xtlts "J pJa^ntx ants t!amc. Kumi'ntc ya'tsa plna'', "1 xaO'. Tsi'k.'ya planya^'tistutsmE ha'tc, ants xau'tx ants t!amc. "1 tkwiha'ha"tsmE. "1 a't^q tsxayu'"^^'* kumi'ntc }l't!lL Yixini'txa^'nE ^ ants t!amc xau'. "} xa'tslun tsxayu''^' "1 qa'tc''nt yExa^'tc a'nts'tc tcma'ni. "Tcma'nl, nictci'tc'nx 25 ci'n'xya? Tcl'ntux a'ntsin t!amc xa'uyax Lxa'pistya'^tu tsxayu''^''?" S'^atsftc wa'astc. "Kumi'ntc s'-atsi'tc. LftlEm ' Ought to be misl'ai YOUNGER SISTER. 2 By metathesis for ts'u'xtltsa'^x. ■' See note i on p. 34; and Coos Texts, Vol. I of this series, p. 42. * Consists of m'Tisk" -\- -if ax -f- -a"x. 41 started to play, (but soon) began to feel sleepy. They looked up and saw many stars. The youngest sister then said, "What do you think about making the stars our husbands?" And her other sister said, "Which one do you want?" — "I want that smallest star." And then she said, "Which one do you want?" — "I want a very large star." Then they all fell asleep. They knew nothing any longer. They were asleep. Early in the morning they two woke up. And when the younger sister woke up, she saw an old man resting (beside her). His hair was all white. Then she saw (that another) man was resting beside her older sister. Very good-looking was the man who lay down near her older sister. The woman hardly believed her own eyes [mind]. (Then each of) those men said thus: "I am the one whom you wanted last night." Thus is known (the story of) those Star-People. No one knows what happened to them. Thus the story is related. It is the end. 7. The Origin of Death ^ {Coos). They were two brothers, and they lived together. Each of them had a wife, and each had a little boy. One day early in the morning the child (of one of them) became sick. It was not sick long before it died. Very sorry was he whose child had died. He buried his child, and for one day he did not eat. Some one was keeping watch by the dead child. Then after four days he went to see his cousin. "Cousin, what do you think? Shall my child that died come back on the fifth day?" Such were his words. "Not so. Just eat, and you will get well." * By metathesis for qmtca ta"x wives have they two. •> Passive. 42 txu, hr'sanx haYitux." S'-atsl'tc \va^'yaxa"n. Kumi'ntc nictcl'tc wa'a''L Ci'nLxyat!ya txu. "Olaha'inx." ^ "} kumi'ntc ya'tsac iJa'*'^' "t pla^ntx ants tiamctc. Ku- mi'ntc ya'tsa pJna'', "J xau'. Tsi'klya plna''tx ha^^ ants 5 xau'tx t!amctc. S''-atsi'tc waa'', ants si'nxitx ants t!amc xwi'Lltuxtc, "1 qa'tc'nt sqa^tcl'tc. "Tcma'nl, tsl'klya his tiamcins tci'ntux Lxa'pista^'tu tsxayu''^'." S'atsl'tc wa'a'tx ants Lxa"'yax. "Kumi'ntc s^-atsi'tc, tcma'ni. Txu il'tlEm, hr'sanx ha'^ ha'utux." Atsl'tc "1 waa''. "xVcklali atsl'tc lo xwiLla'wax ants t.'a'mclns, "I'-nx kumi'ntc s'^atsi'tc si'n^xyun. Xawa^' hitc, "} kumi'ntc tci'nil xwi'Llii, ni'ctcim' nx ku- mi'ntc si'n'xyun s'a'tsa. Hp'sanx tsi'klya s''-atsi'tc' nx wa- a'yuts." S' atsl'tc ci'nxyatlya. "Tsi'klya his atsi'tc wa^'yax. Hitc "} tcina^' xwiLla'L Lxa*pistya''tu tsxayu'^'', s^k atsi'tc 15 wa^'yax." Tsi'klya his, hitc xa'uyax wa'nwits H tci'ntux Lxa'pistya''tu tsxayu''^^'. Sqa'^k wan hawa^'. Atsi'tc tE hatk! wa'nwits. ' Passive. 43 Thus said to him (his cousin). But he said nothing : he merely thought, "Some one will get even with you." Then not long afterwards the (other man's) child be- came sick. It was not sick long before it died. Very sorry was he whose child had died. So thus he said when he wanted that his child should come back, after he had gone there (to his cousin). "Cousin, it will be very good if our (dual) children come back on the fifth day." Thus he said to his friend. "Not so, cousin! Just eat, and you will become light-hearted." Thus he went on saying. "I had intended that our (dual) children should come back, but you did not want it so. Now, whenever a person dies, he will never come back again, because you did not want it so. It was very good that you told me so." Then he thought thus: "It was very good that he said so. A man would have come back on the fifth day, if he had said so." It would be very good if a man who had already died could come back on the fifth day. Here, then, it ends. Such is the story (as it happened) long ago. 44 MISCELLANEOUS TALES. 8. The Pelican and the Sea-Gull [Lozuer Umpqiid). Squ'ma "t kumi'ntc ta'iJ inq!a'ltc. Pi^'tsis tsim "} xi'iitma. Stim t'kwa'^tx h^tla''. "f waa'a^n Iqal'o'ma. "Nictcftcanx tanx qo'x^m ta^yaxa'? Nictci^tcanx tanx ku' qaa^t!l inqlaVtc?" "1 s'^atsftc waa'. "Kumfntc his natc tE s^a't \.W^\ Pi'^tsis "t ya^'xaJtc litlayu'^^i." Atsftc txii waa''. "Si'n^xyanx fttlaya^ "Inx natc Ll'wis." Atsftc waa'a^n ants Iqako'ma. "Ha'q "t kumfntc ya^'xa'tc tit!a- yu^'^'. Owatc Llxu^yun ha'q, "t s''as ata's Lixu'yun." S'^atsftc waa^a"n ants Jqako^ma. lo Si'-a'tsa ants Jqako'ma "t pf'tsis ta'yaxa'. Tcl'klyac- L!a'^^ sinqla'" "1 waa^a^n squma'. "Tsfk!ya his, ya-'^'xa' li^t!a' pi^'tsis.^ Lixu'yun qna, inqla'itc hitc ta^^yax, 4 ya^'xa^ sinq!, nfctcim kumfntc ya^'xa^tc litlayu^^^' tE inq!a'- a'tc." — "Pi^'tsis^nx ta'^yax, na'tc^^nx Li'wis, It'ia^'anx 15 si'n'xya, qna^hamts'nx wa'xa^sEmts. Wa'^ ya'tsa "In ku- mi'ntc si^nq!a'k Pi^'tsisin ta''yax "in kumfntc sfnqla^L" Atsi'tc waa'a^n squma' ants }q!ako^ma. "1 wan s^a'tsa xni'^^nE ants fqlako'ma. Pi^'tsis ta'yatli ants Iqlako'ma, "} ha'kwi l't!a'\ TE'q xawa'' pi'^tsis, "} s^'-as Jitla'yun ha''q- 20 yax. Wa'^ tE'q mi'k!a, "i I'tla'yun s'''-as. S'-atsa'tc nictci- ' This form seems to be used in both the absolutive and the objective cases. 45 MISCELLANEOUS TALES. 8. The Pelican and the Sea-Gull [Lower Umpqiia). Pelican does not live in rivers. He always travels (around) the ocean and gets food there. Then (one day) Sea-Gull said to him, "Why is it that you are an in- habitant of the sea [offshore] ? Why is it that you do not enter frequently into rivers r" Then he answered thus : "Such a region (the river) is not good for me. The ocean contains lots of food." Thus only he said. "If you want food, then come to me." Thus he said to Sea-Gull. "The shore does not contain lots of food. (Only he) who knows the shore knows (how to obtain food)." Thus he said to vSea-Gull. Thus (it came about that) Sea-Gull began to live in the ocean. Some time afterwards, (when Sea-Gull became) hungry, she said to Pelican, "It is very good that there is much food in the ocean. I know (from my own ex- perience, that, if a) person lives in a creek, he is very hungry, because there is not much food in a creek." (So Pelican said,) "If you live in the ocean, and you come to me desiring fish, I shall always give it to you. Not even (once in) a long time do I feel hungry. Living in the ocean, I do not feel hungry." Thus Pelican said to Sea-Gull. And then Sea-Gull did thus. (Thereafter) she always lived in the ocean and ate mussels. Whenever anything died in the ocean, she would devour it after it had come ashore. Even though it would be something 46 ma^mu ants lq!al*o'ma. Ts'imstc tK'c} ants lq!al"o'ma ants squma'. "t ^ wan ha^n' nft!istun ha'tc ants squma' tq!al"oa'mi. "Na^tc'nx lIu' ta^'yax, ^^I'nx kumfntc sfnq!a's. Wa*' 5 ya-'^'xa' hitc, "1 sqa'k i't!a'." Wa'^ ya^'xa' hitc, ''\ ts''ha'- yun squma^ S'-as ha'mtsux klixO' iJaya' ants it'i'sk'in iJa'-'^'. L!una"''^ya"x "} s''"atsl'tc waa^yun ants iqlako'ma. "Wa'' ya'tsa "In kumi'ntc xwiY.'tux inqla'a'tc wa^'tux." Atsftc waa'a"n sqOma' ants Iqlako'ma. " Waxa'yimanx lo cko'tc Liu' pi^'tsis, "^nx stim t!i'mct!is." Atsl'tc waa'a^'n squma' ants tq!al-o'ma. "PictcEm L!a'^'' "} txu ha'us lit!a- yu'^^' pi''tsis. Wa.' ya^'xa' hitc, "J natc t't!a^'. Ona'han ya^^'xa' I'kwa'yun tE ll'tlal" S''atsi'tc waa'yun ants }q!a- I'o^ma squma'. "t s'a'tsa tE pf'tsis ta^ ha^'qmas tE }q!a- 15 I'o'ma. "Ha^'qmas'-nx txO ta'ls tsitiyu's." S'^a'tsa ta'. WiLla^' Lla'^i, "1 ha''qmas tcl'wa xi'ntmE. S'a'tsa^x ta^ Wa^' klixu' Lla'ya "J s'-a'tsa ta'ls tE Iqlako'ma. Atsl'tc si'nxlt. "Hp'san kit wan waa'yuts s^atsl'tc." S'-a'tsa tE tqlako'ma "1 ha^'qmas ta'yaxa^ pl'^tsis. "t stim ya'xatc'is 20 lltlaya' ha^'qmas. "} s^atsl'tc waa' ants squma'. "Atsi'- tc'^nxan waa'yuts. Sti'm'-nx ta'ls." S'-atsl'tc waa' ants }q!ako'ma. "Owa'tcin ku' nictci'tc waa'yuts, "tn tEx lIxO'- xu'sun." Si-^atsl'tc waa' ants tqlako'ma. " Nictci'tc' nx wa'yaxa"ts qwatc, "t'-nx kumi'ntc atsl'tc ha"'vvlsltl ha'\ 25 Wa^' ya'tsa, "t'nx stim ta'ls. Lt'la''anx si'n'xyax, "1' nx natc Li'wis. Ona'han t'kwa'yun ya^'xa' ll't.'a'." Atsl'tc • The preceding sentence practically concludes this story; but the narrator's fondness of repeating details has led liim to add what seems to he superfluous 47 bad, still she would eat it. Such was the custom of Sea- Gull. Pelican was Sea-Gull's own relative. Then^ at last Sea-Gull began to believe Pelican (when he said), "If you live near me, you will never get hungry. Although many people (live in the ocean), still they (all) eat there." In spite (of the fact that there were) many people, nevertheless Pelican killed [obtained food]. He dipped out for (Sea-Gull) lots of small fish on every place. (Once) they two came together, and Sea-Gull said to (Pelican) thus: "Never will I go back again to the creek." Thus said that Sea-Gull to Pelican. "I will give you a mountain near the ocean, there you will raise children." Thus said Pelican to Sea-Gull. "In the summer-time it is simply easy (to obtain) food in the ocean. Although there are many people, still they (all) eat (through the efforts made) by me. I obtain lots of food." Thus said Pelican to Sea-Gull. That is why Sea-Gull lives near the ocean, (because Pelican told her,) "You shall keep on living near the breakers." Thus she lives. During low tide she walks around near the water. Thus they two live. Everywhere sea-gulls keep on living thus. Then thus (Sea-Gull) thought: "Well, he told it to me." And that is why Sea-Gull came to live near the ocean. There, near the shore, she always tries to look for food. Then Pelican said thus: "They told me that you must stay here always." And Sea-Gull repHed thus: "Nobody said any- thing to me, so how am I to know (that it is for) always?" Thus said Sea-Gull. "Somebody (must have) told you something (else), that is why you do not always agree. You will stay there forever. Whenever you want fish, you will always come to me. I can get lots of food." Thus spoke Pelican. Then Sea-Gull said thus: "I doubt whether subject-matter. I thought it best not to interfere too much with his manner of narrating a story, but to take it down exactly as it was told. 48 waa' ants squma'. S''atsi^tc vvaa' ants Jqal-o'ma. "Ta'qan tKx tcaitci'tc xi'ntmis. Tci'nt'tc ha'tct'u'" "Jn kumi'ntc tea nfctcis. Tsi'min stimk tals wa' ya^tsa." Sqa'k wan hawa^^ Sqa'k wan smit'u''. S'a'tsatc nictci- 5 ma''mu tE squma^ wa'nwits }q!al-oa'ma"x. 9. The Beaver and the Muskrat [Lower Umpqua). Wa^nwitsaxax iJa'yax tE qwo^txa' tsimil'aVa"x ta'. Kumi'ntc^^'ax Li'u ta'il hitu'tc. Lxi'yatc^^'ax ta' hltsi^s. Wa'' yikt Lla'-"^', "ta"x s''as tkuma^yun. "} qlutcunya't ants (jwo'txa'. Kumfntc'-^ax Lxl^yatc'tc hitsl''. Tsxaya'^L!a"x, 10 "l'a"x xil'xcya'^ Xil*xci^yOtsma"x a'nts' tc^^'ax ma^ti. Tsl'- k!ya"x Llxu^yun miti'yu'". Ants Lxa"yaxa"^ni pEh'tcya. Wa'^ yiktfl-ma }qa'''tu, "1 t!E'mxa"n. S'a'tsa"x xni'^^nE. Waa^yEmx^sta^x. "S^a'tsans ta^Is, ta''yans iJaya'itl. Tcik wa'^ ya^'xa' tE inq!a'i, "his tkwa'mlsun. Sqa''k'-ns la'kwIsOn 15 tE ii't!a'." Atsftc^ax waa'^rnxO's. ""I'-ns ya^'xa' k'i'a' Ja'kwisun sqa'k." Tcin hitsfstc ants qwo'txa', atsftc waa^yutsmE qlYitc.^ "Owa^xtc'-tunx. L'kwa'yunanx k" It'i'a' sExa"'." "1 wan qwaxtca'' ants qlutcu'ni. "1 tcina'^ ants qlutcu^ni hitsfstc 20 "J kumfntc waa'^ ants^'^tc qasLi'O. Lqa'^'tu txu ma^tc sima'x"s ants sExa^' waa^yOn. "} s'atsftc waa' ants qiu- tcu'ni. "L'ya^tluwlnx ata^s tE maHc txa'nftcinx." Atsi'tc ' The following episode does not seem to belong to this story. It may be an interpolation suggested by some other myth (see Coos Texts, p. 174: and Eranz Boas, Kathlamet Texts, p. 20). 49 I shall ever go anywhere (else). (No matter) how long a period elapses, I shall never go anywhere (else). I shall always stay here, forever." Here now it ends. This is the finish. Such was the custom of Pelican and Sea-Gull in former days. 9. The Beaver and the Muskrat {Lower Umpqiia). (Among the) people belonging to (the days of) long ago they two lived, — Beaver and Muskrat. They two did not live in the vicinity of people. They two lived in houses that were apart (from other dwellings). No matter how large a place was, they two (always) made a dam around it. Beaver was married. Their two houses were not apart (from each other). Early in the morning they two worked repairing their (dual) dams. They two knew well the art of making dams. That other one (Beaver) was the better [first] worker. Even the largest logs he could cut into tw^o. Thus they two did. (One day) they two began to talk to each other. "Thus we two shall always live, staying in our (dual) abodes. Wherever (there is a) river, no matter how many there may be, still we two shall keep on making dams in them. We two shall always get food there." Thus they two kept on talking to each other. "We two shall always obtain lots of fish." (One day) Beaver ^ came home, and said thus to his wife: "You go down to the river, and you may get some salmon in the canoe." Then that woman went down to the river -, and when she came back into the house, she said nothing to her husband. Only logs were lying at the landing-place, (or, as) he had told her, in the canoe. Then (after a while) the woman said thus : " (The remains of) your food only are lying in your tracks." Thus his 4 — COL. UNV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. waa'a"n qayu^ts'-tc. " Kwinx s'-atsi'tc wa'a's. Lt'i'a' wan. Ta'llts "Inx Iftl'tux h'la''a." Atsi'tc waa'a"n qasLfutc.^ Tsxaya"' L!a'^' kumi'ntc^'ax ''^usl'tc i/wil. Xi'l-xcltxa"x a'ntsitcx" " ma'tl. Wai' yikt L.'a'^', "la^x tkumai'tx. S'^a'- 5 tsa"x xni'^'nE ants qwo'txa' tsimika'wa^x. S^'-a tsfk!ya wi'nkit ants tsimi'1-a. S''a'tsa"x xnl'^^'nls. M^a'tltc tK qwo'- txa\ "1 Jimnitcu'ni ants tsimi1-a. S'"a'tsa"x ta^. TsfiJi ^ xaLla'' ants tsimil-a. Llxu^tx a'nts'tc mat!!'. Kumi'ntc sfnixyun hitc LiVis matllyu^stc. S'-a^tsa "t xi'l'xci tsiLlya^ lo ants tsimfka, ni'ctcima^x k!'na"'n ants hitC* Tsfrn'^ax ^ xawa'a*^ waa^yu'nE. S'^a^tsa "1 xaLla^" tsiLlf ^ ants tsimf I'a. S'^a'tsa^x xnl'^^nE a'ntsux ta'. Wa>^ yikt Lla'^^S ^^la^x mEti'- txa^x, tkuma'yun. S'a'tsa"x ta'. Waa^'mxusta"x s^'-atsl'tc. "Hawai'tux tE tsi'Lll, 4^^ns tslLla't^tux, t!a^xatc'tuns, I 5 nf ctcim' ns kumf ntc si'n^xyun tE tsinf Ltsini^L." ^ S^'-atsf - tc^^ax ** waa'^mxu's. " Nathan 4n tslLliya^s, nix^ts "t^nx txu qanfnal hi'nisiti." S'^a^tsa ants qwo^txa^ "1 kumfntc tslLll- ya^s, nf ctcim Llmak'i^sk'in tciL ants qwo^txa^ "t txu qali'nah^ "t wan t!axatc'a^' ants tsimi'l-a. Wa^' qa^'hantc, 20 "t tsiLlai". "l wan s'-atsi'tc waa'a"n ta'maxt'tc. "Ta'maxtin ata's "t qa'ha^ntc tsiLla^'." St!'ma"x s^^atsa'wa^x ^^ hfqla^t. Kumi'ntc^'ax Jakwa'ukx ants qi'atc. A'tsa "}a"x kiimi'ntc histc ha}\ Tsi^k!ya^'x wa''sLsya." 1 Here ends the inserted episode, and the trend of the main story is again taken up. 2 By metathesis for a' i!ts'tca"x. ■' Should be tslUya'. * Beaver and Muskrat have been informed by some one that their enemies Tsini'Ltsini'L and Qula''i-qula"i, have come to steal their wives. 5 For tsi'ma"x. •* For ts'iL'.ya'. ■* A small mammal living in the water, whose identity could not be ascertained. William Smith rendered it by otter from the ocean; while another informant called it a kind of t.itti.e heaver. It is undoubtedly the Chinook term for muskrat. (See Coos Texts, tsane'i-tsanc'L [p. i8o, line lo].) 8 By metathesis for s^'atsV tca'Kx. " The Siuslaw equivalent for the Lower Umpqua qa/n'nat. 51 wife told him. "Don't keep on saying so. It is salmon. After a while you shall eat salmon." Thus her husband told her.^ (Even) early in the morning they two never felt sleepy, but were continually working at their (dual) dams. No matter how large a place was, still they two would con- tinually put dams (around it). Thus they two, Beaver and Muskrat, were doing. Muskrat, too, was an expert worker. Thus they two kept on working. The Beaver was some sort of a chief, while Muskrat was second (in rank). Thus they two lived. Muskrat made arrows. He always knew (the ways of) his elder brother. He did not wish that any person should come to his brother. That is why Muskrat was working at arrows, because they two had heard that some people (were coming)/ it being repeatedly rumored that they two were going to be killed. For that reason Muskrat was making arrows. Thus the two who were living there did. Even the large(st) places they two would close (by means of) dams. Thus they two lived. (Then after a while) they two said to each other, "When these arrows are ready, then we two will try to shoot, because we do not want TsiniLtsiniL here." Thus they two were always saying to each other. "I (thus said Muskrat) will carry the arrows, while you just take along your knife." Thus (it was that) Beaver did not have any arrows, because his hands were too small. So he only carried a knife. Then Muskrat began to try (to shoot). He shot ever so far. Then said of him (his) brother-in-law (Beaver), "My brother-in-law is simply shooting far." There they two thus intended to begin (defending themselves). Their (dual) wives were not (going to be) taken away from them. That is why they two were not light-hearted. They two were very angry. 10 For s^atsa'a"x. " Instead of iva'sLsaL 52 "Ja"x wan yaxi'xu"n ants tsini'Ltsini^L. Tsimi'1-a ^'^\ Lxatft qo'xm's, "1 qaa' s'^xa^'tc. Nfctcat!a"x sfn'xyun a'nts"x hitc Liu', ni'ctcima"x Lixu'yun wa'nwits lakwaTittx- a"x la'tc^^'ax qlYitc ta"x tsimi'l'a qwoa'txa'^^ax.^ Kumi'ntc^'^x 5 si'n'xyun a'ntsux hitc LiO^ Tsi'k!ya wa'sL'sya ants tsimi'l'a. KO' nictci'tc Lxa'wil ants qwo''txa'. S^atsa'wa^x hi'qla't a'ntsux lakwaYikx ants qiTitc. Kumi'ntc^ax ta'is sfn^xyun ants qiutcu'ni. Mita'tc^^ax ants tqulu' " waa^ " WanVits T.iu' ants tsini'Ltsini^L." Atsi'tc waa'a^^tsniE ants mat!i' ants lo tsimi'l'a. "}a"x wa'nwits ants qiutcu'ni aqa'q. "t waa' ants tsimi'1-a. "Kumfntc tE'q. Kwinx qiutca'tis." "1 ku- mi'ntc Lxa'wil ants mat!i'. "t waa'a"tsmE matli^ "Oa''ia"x wan lakwi'ni. Kumfntc na'tc^'ns si'n'xya tE qiutcu'ni.^ Kumi'ntc tE'q. Kwins qiutca't." Atsi'tc waa' ants qwo'- 15 txa^ Atsi'tc^^'ax waa'yEmxust. "la"x wan fakwa^ku^n ants qiutca'ni a'nts^x tsini^LtsiniY. Txu wa''sLsit ants tsimfka. "La'kutsxats qi'utc !" Atsi'tc waa' ants tsimi'1-a. Wanx* Lixu'tx ants hitc Liu^ Pi''tsis- tc^^ax Liha'un ants qiutcu'ni. Kumfntc^ax iJxu'yun qa'- 20 ha'ntc xintmu'^i. Tci'k^^ax ta\ ^la^x sti'm^^'ax ta^, wa^' ya'tsa.'^ Kumfntciix tea ni'ctcil. Tkuma^'txa^x a'ntsux inqla'a'. "J sqa^k i-i'wis ants h't!a^ Tsi'klya Llxu'yOn xil'xcyu"^ ants tsimfl'a. Wa^' yikti'l'ma Iqai^'tu, "t tlEm- x"na'^^'u^»n, tci'k^ax tkwami'yus Lla'^^i. A'tsa "}a"x xni'^^'nE 25 ta'ya^x. S'^atsa^tc^ax nictcima^mu tE tsimi'1-a. Tsi'k!ya Lixu'yun xikxcyu'". ' Foi- qwoa'txd^a"x. 2 Instead of tquia'. ^ Singular for plural. * Beaver and his father-in-law. 53 Then at last they two saw TsinlLtsiniL. Muskrat jumped way into the water, and went into a canoe. They two wanted to fight those two (TsinlLtsiniL and OulaiLqulaiL) people who came, because Muskrat and Beaver knew already that their (dual) wives had been taken away (from them). They two did not want those two people to come (near). Muskrat (especially) was very angry, while Beaver said nothing. Those two women who had been taken away (from them) intended to (run away, because) they did not wish always to stay (there). Their (dual) father shouted, "TsinlLtsiniL came long ago!" Thus said Muskrat to his elder brother. And after the two women had run away, Muskrat said, "It is nothing. You will never have a wife (again)." And the elder brother said nothing. Then he said (again) to his elder brother, "Let them take (the women). These women do not like us two. It does not matter. We two have no wives." Thus said Beaver. Thus they two were saying to each other. So those two, TsinlLtsiniL (and OulaiLqulaiL), took away the women. Muskrat was simply angry. "Ye two take your women!" Thus said Muskrat. They always knew (whence) these people (had) come. They took the women to the ocean, who did not know (how far) the journey (took them). But they two (Beaver and Muskrat) remained forever where they had (always) lived. They two did not go anywhere, but kept on making dams in the rivers, so that food would always come there. Muskrat knew well how to work. Even the biggest logs he (could) cut into pieces, wherever they two were making dams. Thus they did as they lived (there). Such was their (dual) custom, (that of) Muskrat (and Beaver). (They two) knew very well how to work. 5 The preceding sentence seems to express the narrator's personal opinion. 54 S^a'tsa "ta"x kumi'ntc Lxi'yatc ta^ Ti'mwa^^x ta', wa*' ya^tsa. Pictcima'' iJa'-'^', "}^a"x stim yaxa^'tc xint. Sti'ma"x tirmctlya.^ S^^a'tsa^x xnf'^^nE. Kumi'ntc^^ax tea ni'ctcil. Stl^m'"nx ~ ta', wa'' ya^tsa. Ya^^xa'tc''nx h^t!a'. 5 Ta^qnis htlaya'tc ants hitsf'. "} ants q"L!i''tc kumi'ntc^^ax si'n'xyun lI'u ta'is, ni'ctcim xiya'" Jitlaya^ ants q"L!i''tc. Ha'^natc a'^sxa li't!a' tE s'^a q"L!i'tc. Lt'i''sk'in l't!a''. A'tsa "1 kumi'ntc sfn-xyun qwoa^txa' ants q"L!i'tc. Tf mwanx - wan ta'' inqla'a'tc. lo Ha'^natc^^'ax ll't!a' tE qwo'txa'. S'-atsa'tc nictcima^mO tE qwo'txa'. Hank! hl'tc'^tc nictcima^mu tE qwo'txa'. S^a'tsa"x "t kumi'ntc tE'q s'^^a'^na^x a'nts^x qlutc'^wa'ni anxa'xa^'nE.^ Atsl'tc^^ax waa'yEmxust wan. S'^atsl'tc^^ax waa'xam a'ntsux lokwi'xamhx ^ qf utc. 15 "Kumfntc^nx tE'q. Kumfntc^nx tea eil-xll." Atsi'te^'ax waa'' ants xa'tslu tExmu'ni. Kumi'nte"'ax tE'q Llx^'wax". TxuVa"x tkOma'yun inq!a'i k!exu' Llaya^ S'^atsa'te^^ax nieteima^mu. S'^a'tsa ants qwo'txa' "} kiimfnte tea eil'xiJ, wa'' ya'tsa. S'-a'tsate nieteima^mu tE qwo'txa' tsimil'aVax. 20 Ti'mwa"x ta'yaxa'. Sqa'k wan ata's hawa'^ 10. The Man who Married the Bear- Woman ^ [A /sea). Wa^'a^tsma"x mita ants tiamei'kma. "PiulaVax^xun." S'^atsi'te'^'ax waa'^tx " ants mila. "Ku'ts qa'ha'nte tqa"'wite 1 Instead of t!i'vict!a'. 2 Includes Beaver, Muskrat, and their children. 3 Because of Beaver's human-like manners, his two wives did not care about him. * Instead of lahivl'xanihx. * An Alsea myth told in the Lower I'mpqua language. 55 They two did not live apart. They always staid together. Towards summer many began (to stay) there, and they two raised children. Thus they two did. They two did not go anywhere, but staid there forever. They had lots of food, (so that) the house was full of food. And they two did not want the Otter always to stay near (them), because he would take (away their) food. That Otter's food (was always that which) belonged to some one else. He ate small fish, and for that reason Beaver did not like Otter. Now they (all) " staid together in the river. Different was their (dual) food, (that of) Beaver (and Muskrat). Such was Beaver's custom. His manner was like (that of a) person, and for that reason those two women who were given up did not care about (either of) them (dual).^ For that reason they two thus talked to each other (namely, to let these women go). Thus was told (each of) these two (Beaver and Muskrat) whose wives were taken away from them : " You shall be nothing. You shall move nowhere." Thus these two men were told. And they two knew nothing (else). They two just closed up rivers (by means of dams) everywhere. Such became their (dual) custom. That is why Beaver never moves (around) anywhere (else). Such became the custom of Beaver and Muskrat while they two lived together. Here only it ends. lo. The Man who married the Bear- Woman ' {Alsea). Two grown-up (male) children said (once) to their (dual) father, "We two intend to go out hunting." And thus (also) they two said to their mother. "Don't ye two go ^ The use of the objective form -a't.v in this connection is incorrect, because this suffix indicates that the object forms an integral part of the subject. The suffix -utsmE should have been used here. 56 qa'tc'-nis. Ku'ts k'i'a' ya^xyun." Waa''txa"x a^nts'-tc^^ax mila. "Ha". Kumfntcxun qa^ha'ntc tea ni'ctcis." "la^x wan qa^tc''nt. "}a"x wan lIu' inqla^itc. Atsftc'^ax waa'yEmxust. "Ku'ns 5 qa'ha'ntc hi'nisiti sl'xa^ Ta'^k''-ns aya^qa'ti tE sfxai." "t waa^'tx ^ ants m"u'sk". "Ha°. Ta^'k^ns aya'qa^ti sl'xa'." "ta"x wan qa'tc'^nt. Ya^^xa"x L.'ona^' a'ntsux qatc^nftx. "Ya^'xa' k'i'a' tqa"wi' k^na. Oaiha'n It'iV ta'." "k"x wan xint. Tqa"wi'tc^^ax lIu^ qa'ha^ntc. "la"x qnu'hun lo t!lyayE'ml txa^n^. ^ s^atsftc waa^a^n ants'^tc m^u'sk". "S^as k"na c"xri'yOn ants h'l'a'." Ku' tcik ya'xa't^ ants t!l. "Ja^x wan xint. "}a"x wan qa^ha''ntc tqa"Vitc LIu^ S^kwftc t!fwax txa^n^ ants t!l. TcfwanE ha*'qiqyax, "1 iJa'qf^tc ants txain 15 "la"x wan xint. "la"x yaxfxun ants It'i'a'. T°watci'- tcuna"x wan. "1 waa^a^tsmE ants m"u'sk". "Ta'^k'^ns aya'qyun tE It'iV. Tqa"wi'tcins kli'nk'itux." Waa'^tx wan ants m^u'sk". "Ha"." Yaxi'xuna"x waha'ha"n ants tt'i'ai. "la"x tcaqa'qa"n. "1 waa'a^tsmE ants m"Li^sk". "Ti'k^nx 20 ta'is. Klink'ya'waxan tqa"wi'tc k" waha'wax." "t wan waha'ha^n qa'msk"tc. "Kwinx qa^ha'ntcis." — "Ha", Lfmqan tci'ntux." "t wan xintft. "1 yaxi'xu"n ants k'i'a'. "i xint. Tsf- ' The use of the objective form -ai/x in this connection is incorrect, because this suffix indicates that the object forms an integral part of the subject. The suffix -TiismE should have been used here. 57 • way up the stream. Ye two won't see salmon (there)," (said their mother to them.) Then they two kept on saying to their (dual) mother, "All right! We sha'n't be going far anywhere." Then they two started. Then they two came to the river, and thus began to talk to each other. "We two sha'n't take our (dual) canoe far off. Here we two shall leave our canoe." And (the elder one) said to his younger brother, "All right! we will leave our (dual) canoe here." So they two went. And as they two kept on going, they talked a great deal. "Lots of salmon seem to be upstream. Salmon live far (upstream)." Then they two kept on going, and came way to the upper (part of the river), where they two found the tracks of a bear. Then (the elder one) said thus to his younger brother: "Perhaps he has scared away the salmon." Nowhere (could they two) see the bear. So they kept on going until at last they came way up- stream. Very fresh were the tracks of that bear. Having (recently) come ashore from the water, her tracks were still wet. So they two kept on going until they two saw some salmon. So they began to spear. And (the elder one) said to his younger brother, "We two will leave these salmon here. We two would (better) go and look (for some) up the river." And the younger brother kept on saying, "All right!" (So they two went on, and) saw again some salmon. They two began to spear them. Then (the older one) said to his younger brother, "You stay here ! I think I will go again to look for (more) upstream." Then his younger brother said to him again, "Don't go far away!" — "All right! I shall soon return," (he answered.) Then he kept on going. He saw (some salmon), but 2 Singular of dual. 58 k!ya hi'^sa ants k'l'a'. "1 tqa^'witc ya'q"ha't. Yaxi'xu^n ants qlutcu'ni skwaha''. Skwaha^' ha^'qmas tci'vva. Hi's s"kwi'tc ants qlutcO'ni. Sqa'k Liu". "1 txu xa'u stim. KQi Llxu'x^tc ha'\ "! kwisfs ci'kxun qlOtc^wa'ni. 5 "Kwl'sEm! Tca^xumans, tca'xumans hitsi'stcin !" S'-atsI^tc waa'a"n. "}a"x wan tca^xa^t. " H'ya'nyutsanx hltsi'stcln." Atsftc wi'Jun tExm"wa'ni. "Ha"." "} wan Liu'utsmE hltsfstc ants tExmu'ni. "Tl'k'n tE ta'. OasL^utsanx qna." "} wan wllwa' ants tExmu'ni. Ha'^na haO'ul ha'^ ants lo tExmu^ni. "1 qa''nust a'nts'^tc m^u^sk". "Nfctxan k" a^ntsin mat!f tE ku' tci'nil?" 4 wan qa'tc^nt tqa^wltcftc ants t!amci'l*ma. "J yixa'yun t!lyayE^mt txa'n^ ya-'^^'xa. Winx tsfk!ya. Atsl'tc crnxit. "Lakwa'ku"n k^na t!fya^ a^ntsin matlf." H wan 15 tca^xa"t ants tlamcrkma, "1 qatx ants tlamcri'ma tcEnftc xint. Ha'nt'itx mat!f. Tli^ya' lakwa'kul ants mat!i^ Ha^qa^q wan.^ "la^x stIm qa^txast ants tExmu^ni qayu^- tc'^tc^ax. "Tll'ya' lakwa'ku"n a'ntsin mat!l'. Waa^a"tsin, tai'k'n ta'is. 'Tqa"wi'tcin k!i'nk1tOx tiL. Ya^'xa' k^na 20 It'i'a^ tqa^'wi.' Atsi'tcin waa'a^ts. "In wan qa'tc^nt tqa"- witcftc, "Jn ata^s t!iyayE^ml txa'n^ ya^'xa' qnu^hu"n. "In sqa^tEm txu xwiLla^L!. Wi^nxin." Atsftc Llwa^n ants t!amcn-ma. ""In s'^atsl'tc ci'n'xyat!ya. 'T!l'ya' k"na lakwa'- ku"n a'ntsin matll'.'" 25 "Ja"x qa'txast ants tExmi'l'ma. Ya^'xa"x qa'txast ants ' Literally, hk goes ashore. 59 (still) he went. Those salmon were very good. (Suddenly) he looked upstream, and saw a woman standing. She was standing near the water. That woman was exceed- ingly pretty. When he arrived there (where the woman stood), he just (dropped) dead (from sheer surprise). He did not know (what was going on in) his mind. And when he awoke (from his surprise), the woman was shaking him. " Wake up ! Let us two return ! Let us two go back to my house !" Thus she told him. So they two went back; (and the woman said to him,) "I will take you into my house." And the man agreed with her thus : "All right!" At last the man came to her house. "Here I live. I will make you my husband." And the man agreed. She had changed the mind of that man. (In the mean while) his younger brother began to get tired waiting. " What may be (the reason that) my elder brother does not come back?" Then that grown-up (male) child went upstream. He saw lots of bear-tracks. He became very much afraid, and kept on thinking thus : "Maybe a bear has seized my elder brother!" So that boy went back, and as he went back he cried. He kept on calling (the name of his) elder brother ; but the bear had seized his elder brother. Finally he came home, and there the man (father) and his wife began to cry. "A bear seized my elder brother. He told me that I should remain here, (saying,) 'I will go upstream a while to look for (salmon). (There) may be plenty of salmon upstream.' Thus he told me. Then I (too) went up the river, but I found only lots of bear-tracks. So I just turned back from there, (because) I was afraid." Thus the boy related. "Then I was thinking thus: 'Maybe (that) a bear has taken away my elder brother!'" Then those two old people began to cry. They two 6o tExmi'l'ina. "J waa' ants tKxmi'l'ma. " Yaxatc'a"'witin t!amc kl'-'Lu." Atsftc waa' ants tExmfl-ma. "J wan hi'- qla'tanx. Ya'xatc'a'a" ants t!a'mctc. "}'=^nx wan sqa^k Liu'. "Oa'tkin tE a'qa'qa"ts. 'Ti'k^nx ta'ls, tqa^wftcin 5 k!ink'ya\vax.' " "t'''nx wan tqa"w!tci'tc klfnk'it. "Inx txu tllyayE^ml' txa'n^ yixa'yun. Ya^'xa'nx tllyayE^mt txa'n* qnuhu'yun. Stfm'^nx yaxatc'a'wax hfqia't, kwinx tclk qnuhO'yun txa'n^. "1 s^atsi'tc waa' ants tExmfkma. "Ni'ctcan tEx nictca'wax? Xwi'Lltunl. Mfk!a k"na tll'ya^ lo lakwa'ku"n ta'kin t!amc." "Inx wan tca'xa^t, "tnx wan tcPn hitsi'stc. "Anxa'xa"n wan ta'kin tlamc." Wan ants hitc lokwl'xamyax.^ Wa'nwits^ax ma^tc qa'yutc'^tc ants hitc lokwi'xam. "Kumi'ntc'^nx s^a^'tisiti hai\ Ha''nanx ha^'tuxani hai\'' 15 "ta"x wan stim t!i'mct!yax. "1 s'^atsl'tc waa'yu'nE ants t!l, hi'tc'^tc tsi'nExma ants t!i. "Ja^x t!i'mct!yax ya^'xa. Kf- x^tc^'ax hau'yax t!amc. "His qlOtcu'ni tsfklya." Atsi'tc ci'nixya ants hitc. Tsi'klya histc hai\ H ya'^'xai t!amc lakwa'un. Wa^^ yikt ants hitsi'', "1 ta'qnis k!lx tE'q Lxu'is. 20 Tslxat'a't' ants Lxu'is, H q!uni'' a'l-do ants Lxu'is. Ku- mi'ntc nictci'tc ci'nxil ants hitc. Ha^'na hau'tx ha^\ S^atsl'tc waa'yu'nE ants t!l, hitc tsi'nixt ants t!l. Haya'mut l!xu'- yun s^atsl'tc, "t Ja'kukyax hitu'tc tExmu'nya. Sqa% wan hawa^' ata's. Smut'a't' wan. Haya'mut 25 h'ya'tc LlxLi'yun tE t!l hitc qasLi'u ha'uyax, hl'tc^^tc tsi'- nExma, s'^a'tsa hi'tc'^-tc nictcima^mu tE t!l. ' This sentence was interpolated by tlie narrator to serve as a sort of intro- duction to a new chapter. 6i cried a great deal. Then the old man (father) said, "To- morrow 1 intend to try to look for my boy." Thus said the old man. Then (the next day) they started. They were going to try to look for his child. Finally they arrived there. "Here he left me, (saying,) 'You stay here, I am going to look for (salmon) up the river.'" So up- stream they went to look for him, but they saw only bear-tracks. Many bear-tracks they found. There, (where) they were going to try to look (for him), they found no tracks (of him) anywhere. Then the old man said thus : "(I doubt whether we) shall accomplish anything. We will return. Maybe a bad bear has taken away this my child." So they returned, and came back into the house. "I give up my child," (said the old man.) (Let us) now (turn to) the man who was seized (by the bear). ^ They two, the man who was seized and his wife, had already lain down (together). "Your mind will never be the same, it will become different." (Thus said his wife.) (After a while) they two had children. And that is why it is said of the bear, that he is half human. They two raised many children. They had ten children. "The woman is very pretty." Thus thought that man. He was very glad (because) he begot many children. Although the house was very large, still it was full of all (kinds of) dried things, — dried blackberries . and also dried salal-berries. That man was not worrying about anything. His mind had become different. For that reason it is said of the bear that he is half human. All know it to be so, (because) she had taken a mortal man (for a husband). Now, it here only ends. It is the finish. All people know that the Bear-(Woman) had made mortal man her husband, (and that because of that she became) half human, (and that) for that reason the bear (even to-day has the) manners of a mortal person. 62 II. The Lost Seal-Hunters^ {A /sea). Wa'nwitsaxax Lla^yax stim " tlyu'^^'. S'^a'tsanx xnl'^^'nE stim L!a'^' tiyu'^^'. Ya'^kuVnx tO'tca''. PictcEmtita' "t^nx sqa'k taya''. Si^a^tsanx xni'^^'iiE. Xa'tslu si'xa' stim ta'- yutnE. Ya^q"hi.su'nE ants ya^k^s L.'a'^'. Tcik his tsxayu'^' "^-nx tu'tca'yOn. S'^a^tsanx xnf^^nun. Wa'' ya'tsa, "I'^nx sqa'k I'tla'' s'^a'tu'. Xa'ts!u hitsf' ants tlyO'^^' L!a'^' stim. PictcEmtlta' yaxfyusnE ants ya''k"s ^\ xatna' qayuna'ts'tc. "J qa^LxutnE. "t wan qwaxtca^'tx hltcu^^^'. T°watca^a". S'^a'tsa xnl'^^nutnE wa'nwitsaxax.^ lo Ku' ya'tsac Lla^^^ ^\ waha^^ xatna^' ants ya'^k^s. Yaxf- yusnE, qa^LxIsu'nE, tcfnt^tc ya^xa*^ xalna^' qayuna'ts'tc. "} s^atsl'tc waa'xam. "Ci'n^x xaJna^' ants ya'^k^s." "} a'l^q ata's si'xa' qwa'xtc'st. "1 wan waa'^tx hitcu'""'. "Kumfntc tE'q, ni'kiani qwa'xtc'tOx." "t'^nx wan xint. "l^-nx wan 15 Liu' qayuna'tsitc. Wan xa'ts!u hitc ha'skust, "ta"x wan qa'tc'-nt. "la^^x wan yaxfxun ants ya^k"s. Cfn-'^xtc ya'xa" ants ya^k"s. Pk'Itiyu'stc'^nx Llmlxa'x ants ya'^k^s. Qa'u'- tc^ax skwaha' tclk ants lk!iha"'witc ants pk'ftl. Sqa'tma"x yoq^'ya'^^Qn. "Ats yiktfl'ma Lfutux pk'itlyu'stc, "J'^nx 20 tO'tca'yun." Atsftc"ax waa'^mxii's a'ntsux skwaha'^ Yixa'- yuna^x wan ants yikti'l'ma. "S^anx ^ tu'tca'yun, tsa'na" Ll'iitux." Atsftc'^ax waa'^mxu's. ' An Alsca myth told in the Lower Umpqua language. ■- At Seal Rock, a promontory situated some twelve miles north of the town of Newport. 3 The preceding part of this story may be looked upon as an introductory chapter. 63 II. The Lost Seal-Hunters^ (A /sea). Many lived there " (in the times of the) old settlers. Thus did the people who lived there. They speared seals. In the summer-time (only) they lived there. Thus they did. Two canoes were possessed (by the inhabitants). Many seals were always seen there. When it was a good day, they speared them. Thus they did it. They ate there such (food) forever. The people who lived there had two houses. When, in the summer-time, seals would be seen, then (some one would) climb upon a rock and would count them. Then people would go down to the water, (so that the seals might) be speared. Thus it was done by the old settlers.^ After a while seals climbed up again. They were seen, and counted (in regard to the) number that had climbed upon the rock. Then thus it was announced : "Three seals climbed up." So only one canoe went out. Many people said (that more canoes should be taken along ; but those in the canoe said), "It is nothing, we will wade out alone." So they went, and came to that rock. Then two people got out (of the boat), and started (to climb up the rock). At last they two saw the seals, (and found) their number to be three. Those seals jumped into the lake (ocean). And two (men) were standing at the mouth, (or) where that lake (ended in some) sort of a mouth. They two intended to watch (the seals) from there. "When a very large (seal) comes into the lake, then you spear it." Thus said to each other the two who stood there. Finally they two saw a very large (seal). "That one you spear when it comes this way !" Thus they two kept on talking to each other. ■* Should have been s^a''nanx. 64 "} wan xumca'c ^ ants yiktfl-ma ants ya'^k^s. "t wan waa^ ants a'l^q hitc. "T^^wa'tcis wan s'^a - yiktfl'ma !" 4 wan tO'tci^xam. Hi'''sa wan tO'tcfxam. "}a"x wan xwiLla'L! sExa"'tc ants xa'tslu hitc, "la"x wan Lwiti't sqa'ktci'tc 5 tcaltci'tc ants xint ants ya^'k^s. Kumfntc qaUia^ntc xint ants ya^k"s. "1 wan skwaha'' ants hitc ants s^as qata'yun ants Lxau'. Wa'' ya^tsa, "t s'=^as qata'yfin ants Lxau'. Ku- mi'ntc kati' xa^'wll ants ya'^k^s. Xa"w'ya'' txu hicatca'sk'in ants ya^k"s, "t wan qatfyusnE ants Lxau^ "t wan Jokwf- lo xam ^ ants kEp'i's. "t wan iakwa^ku^n qwatc ants I'kwa'- yun. "1 wan skwa'ha's ants hitc. Lxa^'hinE ants hitc skwaha^'. "} si^as tO'tca'yun. Ku* kati^xti iJxma^ ants ya'^k^s. Pi^'ts'st ants tsxayu'^^', ku' xa^'wil ants ya^k"s. Atsi'tc wa'a^siin. "Nictci^tc tEx ants s'^a^tsa xni^^^nE ants 15 ya'^k^s?" Atsi'tc waVsun. Mikla'k! ants tsxayu^^^^ Ku^ Llxu^xu^su'nE tcaitci^tc ants xint ants ya'^k^s. Kui kati^xti xa^'wil ants ya'^'k^s. ^ Atsi'tc waa^tx mati'witc ants si'xa*. 20 "Tcaitci'tc lo'^l ni'ctux. Ku' a'nxa'su'nE." Atsi^tc waa^'m- xustx * hitCLi'^.^ " Kumi'ntc hi''sa. Oa^ha^ntc k"na suna'- wax." Atsi'tc waa''mxustx * hitcu'". Qaixf x ants Lla"^*. Ku' kati'xti xa^'wii. "Nictca'a^ tE'q." S'^atsi'tc wa'a^s ants m^'a'ti. "Tea lo^l Li'utux. Kumi'ntc mi'kla ants tci." 25 La'kwisu'nE ants ya'^k^s. Wa'' qa^x, "} xint. Atsi'tc waa' a'^q hitc. "Nictx k^' a'naxa^?" S'"atsi'tc waa' ants mati'- ' The Siuslaw equivalent for the Lower Umpqua fJu- TO COMK. 2 Should have been s^a''na. •* Instead of lakun'xam. ♦ Contracted from ivaa^' mxiist^tx. 5 William Smith was evidently uncertain as to the actual number of people in the boat. Up to this passage he mentioned only two, which is in strict accordance 65 Then at last that very large seal came near. And one man said, "Spear now that very large one!" Then it was speared, speared well. So those two men went back into the canoe, and began to paddle in the direction of where that seal was going. The seal did not go far, when at last the man who (always) throws [hooks] the spear stood up. He had been throwing spears for a long time. But that seal did not come out at all (from the water). When he did float up, it was just for a little while, and then that spear would be thrown. Then a rope was seized ; and he took (hold of) it, he who (always) held it. And that man was still standing. With a spear (in his hand), that man stood. He (was going to) spear (the seal). He did not entirely kill that seal. The sun (went down) west, (and still) the seal did not come up. Thus (one man) kept on saying, "I wonder what (makes) that seal act so !" Thus he kept on saying. The weather began to get rough, and not for a moment was it known where that seal (was going to) go. It did not come up at all (to breathe). It had orrown dark loncj ag^o. Then thus said the sort of chief of that canoe : " I wonder where (the seal) will go ! (But, no matter !) he will never be given up." Then thus the people'^ began to talk to one another: "It is not well. (The seal) may intend to dive far out." Thus people began to talk to one another. It got dark, (and the seal still did) not come up. "What shall be done?" Thus the chief kept on saying. " I wonder where he will go ! (Still) the water is not rough." The seal was being dragged along (on the rope) ; and, although it was dark, they kept on going. Then one man said thus: "Suppose he be given up !" And the supposed chief of that boat with the original Alsea version. From now on he relates the story as if there were more than two seal-hunters. e. — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. 66 witc ants sfxa'. "Tcaltcftc lo'"l Li'utux. iJwa'wanP wan hisO'tc L.'aya^tc." Tcik ants ta' ants ya''k"s, sqa'k r.Iu^ Wa'^ ya^'xai L.'a'-^', 4 ta'qnis yEku's ants iJa'^'. "Oa'ha'ntctanl wan." Atsftc waa'^tx wan ants mati\vitc ants iJa'"'. 5 "Kwl'tci ya'k!isiti ha'." Stim wan iJxmfxam ants ya^'k".s. " Ha^'citunl' wan. Wanl '^ txu tsima'st." Yixa'' wan ha'cjtc ants L!a^'''. "f s''^atsi'tc waa''tx matlyu'" "Uu'wa k"na inqla^itc tK ta' tic ya^'k"s ya^'xa. Ha''qtuni: - wan txu." "l^nx wan Lwitft. Yixa'^ wan ants inqla'a' lk!iha"Vitc. lo Kumi'ntc mfk!a ants tsxayu^^^'. S'Vtsa ants his yixa"' ants lk!iha"'witc ants inq!a^a'. i.iTi'wanx ik!fa'tc. S^atsftc waa'^tx matlyu^" ants si^xa'. " Ha''qtunl ' wan. Ha''qa^Kanl tca^xwItOx." "^-nx wan qaa'. Oaa'nx wan Ikli'ha'tc. "J^nx wan Liu' hitu'stc. Sti'm^nx 1 5 ha'qa'q. iJlLlwa'xam ants si'xa'. TEm^^wa'^tx hitcu'^^' sqa^k. "i hatc'fxam atsi'tc. "Oa'ntcyanx Liu'?" Atsftc hatc'i'xam. "Tsi'klya nakwa'yatin xni^'na. T°wa'tcitcyaxa''n t'^ ya'^k^s, "]''n s^as hi'nixa^'ts '^ qa'ha'ntc, "hi kumi'ntc LlxuV'un tE rJa'^', tcan tE lIu'. Ha^'qa'xan tca'xa^tux. Kumi'ntcin 2o Llxu'xun tE L!a'"'. "hi wan tca'xa"t ha'^qa'x. Ki'x'^s tsxa- yu''" a'ntsin tcExwi'tc xint." S'^atsa^vanx hl'q!a't. Li'wa- yanx ^ inqla'itc, "I'^nx qnuwf wus ya^'xa' hitcu'^^'. Tsim hatc'a'yu'nE. "Oa'ntcyanx xint?" — "TcExwftcin xint. Llayatci'tcin xint tcExvvftc." Atsi'tc waa'' ants ha'tc'ya- 25 xa"'tnE. "i'^nx wan xint tcExwi'tc. Kwinx yahx Li'wih ' Conliacled from Liu(ix. - Literally, kind nv somf.whkkk (is) his mind. 71 deal. Whatever he was dreaming- of, he always saw it (come true). So thus he was always thinking-; "I guess it is as I dreamed it." Whatever he dreamed of, he alM^ays saw it (come true). (One day he dreamed that an elk took him to a certain place.) He saw there many people. He saw lots of fun going on there. Although that place was very large, still it was always full of people. And that man saw many players (engaged in) shinny- games. And somewhere (else) he heard many people, (and, looking, he saw that) the heads of those people were kind of falling (to one side). Many were betting. Lots of dentalia shells those shinny-players had as their bets. They were betting all kinds of things. That man intended to go there and look on. All the shinny-players (had their hair tied in) knots. Many people were shouting, as those players were betting- all kinds of thinors. So that man was o:oinof to watch there. He was told, "You shall always watch well, (for) you too will do it, as we here play." The man kept on staying there. Not long afterwards they were going to finish that shinny- game. They played many different games. They danced much. "You shall keep on watching us well. You too will do it (thus)." That man was kind of glad as he watched those games. After a while it was going to end. Those shinny-players were going to quit. At last the shinny-players quit, and he was told thus : " At night you will likewise watch. We play much, we do not sleep. We are very glad when we can do thus." Although many were the people, still they were shouting, "You keep on watching carefully !" Whatever a person did, he would be shouted at. Thus these many people were doing. They had very many arrows, and quivers made of raccoon-hides, and quivers made of wildcat-hides, and quivers made of bear-hides. They 72 tcama''nat'K hutcu'" L.'a'^'. MEqlyQ'" Lla'-'^'. Si^anx tsi'klya Llxu'yun hutcu'", a'nts^'-nx tci'ha'tc xwa^ka. Stim L!a'^' hiitcu'^^'. Tuti'm "J mEqlyii'" L!a'^'. S'-atsi'tc waa'yu'nK ants hitc. " Kwinx ya'tsac L.'a'-'^', "l^nx tca'xwitux." Kumf ntc histc ha'' ants hitc. "Ha'''mut^nx wan Jakwa'ku"n, ta'nxan hutca''. Ona'nxan ya^q"hisuts, wa'^ ya'tsa." Atsftc wa'a'- su'nK ants hitc. "Tca^xwitunx." "J wan tca^xa"t ants hitc. XwiiJa'L! wan ants hitc. Lxa'^p'st tsxayu'^^' xwiL.'a'iJ ants hitc. Lxa^p'stya^'tu "i wan tcl'n hltsfstc ants hitc. lo Atsltc waa' ants hitc. "Wa'' ya^tsa, "In ma^qlls." "1 waa^a"n ants hitc L.'a^^'. "TEmu^tuxtci natc ha^'mut. Yaq"'- yf'^^yOtsatci haya^mut, ni'ctcimin mEq.'ya'wax." "t wan tEmu'tx hitcu'" ants L!a'^'. "t wan mEqIa'tx hitcu'". H wan waa' ants hitc. " Mitkwf tQtsin tsxay^waVi.^ S^a'tsanJ 15 xnf^^'nis. Wa'' ya'tsa "fn s^a^tsa xnf^^'nls. Tsfk!)'a his tE'q ta'kin fakwa'kun. Wa'ni k!exu'tc Llaya'tc xfntmis, "t^nl xnf^'nisltl. Kumi'ntc^n} qwatc kO^nlsuts. TE'qa^na^nt la'kwisun, s'^a'tsa hi'^slnl ha'." Tsitu'^tc ha'^ L!a'^' a'nts'^nx tsf mqmatc. "l^nx wan s^'a^tsa xnf^nE. Hi^stc ha'\ Wa'nx 20 klexO'tc iJaya^tc "I'^nx xi^ntma'st. "Tci^ktci hutcu'^, s^atsa'tci xni^^^nls." S'^a^tsanx a^nts'^nx xi'ntma k!exu^tc Llaya'tc. "Haya^mut h'yatc xnl'^nlsun, tanxan hutcu^witl." Wa' ya'tsa "l^'-nx s'^a'tsa xwi^^'nls.'- Tcfnanx wan hitsi'stc. ^^l^nx ai. hutca^tc hl''sa. 25 Sqa^k wan hawa''. ' That is, "The Sun had pity on me, and taught mc how to play shinny."' 73 were playing different games. .They were dancing. They knew very well how to play, those whose heads were one-sided. Many played there, while over there (across the room) many danced. And that man was told thus : "After a while you will go back." That man was not glad (when he heard this). "You have obtained now (a knowledge of) all (the games as) we play them here. We will watch over you forever." Thus the man was told continually, "You will have to go back." Then at last that man went back. So that man returned. Five days he was (on his way) going back. On the fifth day he finally came back to his house, and said thus: "I shall keep on dancing for a long time." Then he said to many people, "Ye all will assemble around me. Ye all will watch me, for I am going to dance." And then many people of that region came together. After they had danced, that man said, "The Sun had pity on me.^ Thus we shall keep on doing. We shall keep on doing thus forever. I have obtained (a knowledge of some) very good things. Although we shall frequently travel everywhere, we shall keep on doing (these) our (tricks). No one will ever beat us. We shall always win something, so that we shall always be glad." Many of those his people were glad. So then they did it thus. He was glad. They began to travel around everywhere. "Wherever ye play, ye will keep on doing thus." Thus they were travelling around everywhere. "All people will keep on doing it, (just as) we here are about to play our games." Thus they kept on doing (travelling about) for a long time.~ Finally they returned home, for now they were playing well. There now it ends. - For example, they visit many villages, where they play shinny, winning from their opponents all kinds of valuables. 74 DESCRIPTIONS OF CUSTOMS AND MANNERS. 13. How A Wife was obtained [Lozver Ujnpqud). Wa^nwitsaxax Lla'yax. Kumfntc txu qiutcunya't hitc. TExmfl-ma LlxO'yu'nE ya^'xa'tc t!amc. S^a'tsa xni'^'nu'nE wa'nwits, ya^'xa^tc t!amc hitc. Hatc'fyusnE. "Nictci'tc'nx ha''? Si'nixyultxanx t!amc." Ku' ya'tsa wi'iwit ants ha- 5 tc'a'yuhx ha'\ "Kumfntc^nx txu tluha'uttxanx tlainc." S^atsl'tc hatc'a'yu'nE ants tExmi'l'ma ya-'^'xa^tc t!amc. "t wan wltwa'" ants tExmfl-ma. "Nictcftcin tEx na waVs? Tsa'ntci tu'ha sf n'xyun, "ltd hatc'a'yul ha'', nictci'tc ^ ha'\ Kumi'ntcin na nictcl'tc wa'a^l pEh'tc s^a'^na." Atsl'tc waa'' 10 ants tExmfl'ma. " Hatc'a'yunatci, tsa'ntci sfn'xyaxa^n "ltd hatc'a'yun." Atsl'tc waa'' ants tExmi'1-ma. "t wan s^atsi'tc waa'yusnE. "Ha", wa'nxan - hatc'a'^un." "1 wan hatc'i'yusnE ants qiutcu'ni. "Nictd'tdnx ha'' ? TExm"wa'ninx sfn'xyuts. Atsftc waa''tx ta'kinx mita. 15 A'tsanxan tE hatc'a'yuts qna." Ku' nictd'tc wi'lwil ants qiutcu'ni, ha'tc'yaxa"ttx ha'' ants qiutcu'ni. "Kumfntc^nx txu takwa'a". Tuha'a"nx ya'''xa." x\tsftc waa'yOsnE ants qiutcu'ni. Kumfntc txu la'kwls qlutcu'ni wa'nwits. Tuha^- vusnE. Hi'qla waxa'yusImE a'nts^tc mita ants qiutcu^ni, ' Contracted from inctcl' tc^'tc. ■' Contracted from li'a' n^'nxaii. 75 DESCRIPTIONS OF CUSTOMS AND MANNERS. 13. How A Wife was obtained [Lower Umpqttd). (In the days of the) first settlers a man did not obtain a wife for nothing. (Suppose) it were known that a certain old man had many children. Then thus it was done long ago to a man who had many children. He would be asked, "What do you think? Your child is wanted." He whose opinion was asked would not answer for a long while. "Your child won't just be bought of you (cheaply)." Thus that old man who had many children would be asked. Then at last that old man would answer, "I wonder what I shall say ! If ye want to buy her, ask her what she thinks. I will not say anything (without having) first (talked to) her." Thus that old man would say, "Ye ask her ; since ye want (to buy) her, ye (will have to) ask her." Thus that old man would say. Then at last he would be told, "All riorht! we are oroino^ to ask her now." So finally that woman would be asked, "What is your opinion ? A man wants you. Your father has been telling us all the time (to ask you). That is why we are asking you." That woman would not answer anything (at first), the woman who was asked her opinion. "You will not just be bought (cheaply) : you will be bought with a great deal (of valuables)." Thus that woman would be told. (In the days of) long ago a woman was never just obtained (cheaply). She used to be bought. The father of such a woman would be given dentalia shells, — very pretty, long (strings of) dentalia shells. (No matter) 76 tsi'k!ya his hatca't hi'qla. Tci'nt'-tc ya'xa" tK'qtc ants qiu- tcu'ni, "J ha^'mut waxa^umE. Atsi'tc waa'yu'nK ants qiutcu'ni. "f wan wiKvai'. Lna"'witc ants hitc "J mi'nqlinu'nE tsax". "1 wan witwa'' ants qiutcu'ni. Kumi'ntc txO wl'twil. 5 S^'-a'tsa xni^^ni'yQsnE. Kumfntc txu i'a'kwiJ qiutcu'ni wa'nwitsax. Toha'yusnE tsl'k!ya ya^^xa. S^atsi'tc wa^n- witsax nictcima'^mwax. Hitc sfn'xya qiutcu'nya, "1 si^a'tsa xni^ni'yusnE. Sqa'k wan ata^s hawai". Oiutcna'' hitc, "t ya^^xa* tE'q waxa^yQtsmE. S^atsi'tc wan ata^s. 14. Invocation for Rain {Lower Umpqiid). 10 Klu'^wina^'tx L!a'^'. Ya=^'xai Q'tti Llayu's. Na'qutyax Lla'^'i', klu'^wina'' L.'a'^i. Ku' ni'ctca qa'tc^^i} ants Lla'-^'. Pa^l-u ata^s "A qatcu'^txa'^tnE. Haya'mut h'yatc qatcu'^txa^'n, Wa'' ya^'xa^ hitc, "J sqa'k qatcQ^'tx. Tci'wa "t klu'^wina''. Ku' nfctca tcaitci'tc ni'ctcil ants tiyu'^^'. Oa"xa''x k.'u'^wi- 15 niyO's qatc'^natu^'^ ants hitc L!a'^'. "1 wan tExmiha^mi Llxu^yOn ants wa^nwitsaxax nictcima'^mii. 4 tquh^yusnE ants tcixni'nE, "^X tqOliyusnE a^hdu ants tsxu^npLi. Lana- tli'yusnE, "Tcixni'nE, tcixni'nE, hfn^klitsx Lla^-^' ! Wa'a's tE mo^luptsinisla ! ^ Hf n'^klitsxats L!a'^' ! Nakwa'yatyanxan, 20 nEqu'^txanxan ya^'xa." "} wan lanatli'yusnE : "Tcixni'nE, tcixni'nE, hf n^klitsx iJa^^' ! Mo'luptsinisla ^ hi'n''k!itsxats 1 Alsea term for coyotk. 11 how (large) the number of relatives of that woman, all (of them would be) given something. And after the woman was told thus, she would agree. When the man (who wanted a wife was a) kind of rich man, she would be bought in exchange for slaves. Then she would (readily) assent, for a woman in those days did not assent for nothing. Thus it used to be done. An old-timer did not obtain a woman for nothino^. She would have to be bouoht with a very great deal (of valuables). Such was the custom of the old-timers. When a man wanted a woman, it would be done thus. Now here only it ends. W^hen a man married, he had to give away many of his valuables. Thus only (was it done). 14. Invocation for Rain {Lower Umpqua). (Suppose the) ground were covered with ice, and that there were much snow on the ground. (Suppose) it were very cold, and ice (had appeared). (At such a time) the people were not able to drink (water). They could drink (water) from the well only. All people had to drink from it. Although many were the people, still they had to drink there. But then ice would begin to appear on the water (of the river) ; and those who lived there could not go anywhere. Along the surface of the ice those many people (were forced to) go. But then (at such times some) old man would know that (ancient) custom of the people belonging to the past. (He would tell of it to his people.) And Coon would be shouted- at, and Coyote likewise would be shouted at. He would be called by name, "Coon, Coon, cause thy rain (to come down) ! Speak to Coyote ! You two cause your (dual) rain (to descend) ! We are in straits, we are very cold." Then (again) he would be called by name: "Coon, Coon, cause thy rain (to descend)! 78 iJa'-'^' !" "} wan hi'n'^klya i,!a'^'. Haya'mut h'yatc ha'ninl- t!un. S'^a'tsa "}a"x tciuh'yusnK, "t wan hin''k!ya''tx L!a'^''. S^'-a'tsa "1 tqulri''nK ants tkwa'myax ants inq!a'a'. Sqa^k wan hawa''. Smit'u'' wan sqa'k. Ta'kin iJxu^yun. 15. Description of a Shinny Game [Alsea). 5 OiunEmai' L!a'^' pEkO'ya xaLla^' L.'a'^i. K!ix tE'q xaL!a'- yu'nE ya^'xa. TsiY!i Lla'-'^^ "1 xaLla^yutOE. Si'-a'tsanx xni'^^'nE tE Lla'^i tiyu''^''. Pakwa^'tx hitcu'" tE L!a'^'. K!ix tE'q "} xunha'yu'nE ants pakwa'^tx hitcu'". WaanaVisa"x ants m^a^ti. "Hr'sans hu'tcls. Hu'tcyans/ "Ins his hu^tcls. 10 Atsi'tc'^nx wa'a'siti tsfmqma." Atsftc^'ax waana^wa a'ntsux hi^qlya pakwa'wax. Wfiwis ants Lxa^yaxa^'ni. "His wan tsfk!ya. Alqa'tc^ns Llaya' ta\ a'tsanl kumi'ntc mi'kla'na sin'xna'wls, hu'tcyanJ." " Atsftc^^ax waanawa'" a'ntsux pa- kwaSvax hfq!ya. Hiq!aha"'ni ants xu'nha' ha^'tsl. Atsftc^^ax 15 waanawa'" a'ntsux hfq!a^tyax p"kwa''t.^ K!lx tE'q "1 xu'nha^ hawa'yu'nE. PEsa^x iJa'^' "t xu'nha' hawa^yu'nE ants pu- kwa^' ■* Lla'^i'. Si'-a'tsa xnf^^nls ants L.'a'-^' a'nts^nx pukwa^'. Watc LixLi'yun Lxatu'^^', "1 s'^a tsl'k.'ya kunu^tswa pEku^^s iJaya'. Si^a'tsanx xni^nai' a'nts'^nx tEmu'yax. Oa'LxIsOn 20 wan a^nts^'-nx s^a'tsa xnf^'nE. K!lx tE'q "1 xunha'yu'nE. Oaktc L!a'^' "1: xunha'yu'nE ants pukwa^^tx ^ hltcu'^^ S^di'- ' Contracted from hu'tcyaxatis. - Contracted from fiu' tcyaxant ^ Evidently an Alsea participial form in -/. * ptihwa' for falnva''. 5 Por pakiva'' Ix. 79 (VoLi and) Coyote cause ye your (dual) rain (to descend) !" Then at last it would rain. All people believed in (the efficacy of this formula), . Thus they two would be invoked, until it would commence to rain. Thus it was shouted, whenever (ice) closed up the rivers. Now there it ends. It is the finish. Thus I know it. 15. Description of a Shinny Game {Alsea). In the winter-time people make many shinny-sticks. All kinds of things are made in great (quantities). Many arrows are made. Thus the people do. (Suppose) many people are playing shinny. Then all kinds of things are bet by those who play shinny. Then the two chiefs (of the two opposite teams) continually say to each other, "We two will play well. While playing, we two will play well. Thus each of you keep on saying to your people." Thus they two say to each other, — those two who are about to begin to play shinny. The other (chief) always assented. " Now it is very good. W^e two live at one (and the same) place, that is why we shall not desire to abuse each other when we play." Thus they two say to each other, — those two who are about to begin to play shinny. Nothing but dentalia shells they bet, for thus they had said to each other, — - those two who had started to play shinny. All kinds of bets are made. Many salmon-spears are taken as bets when they play shinny. The people who play shinny are doing thus habitually. He who knows how to run, that one always beats (the people) badly in a shinny-game. Thus they do whenever they come together. Finally those who act thus count (their winnings). All kinds of things had been put up as bets. Many knives were bet when the people played shinny. Such was the custom (of the people) belonging 8o tsatc nictcima'^m" iJa'^' wa'nwitsaxax. "I'nx wan ku"nawa'^ Waa'^mxii'sa^x s'atsftc. "Hi'^sans hu^tcls. Kumi'ntc'^ns mf k!a'na hu^tcls, hu^tcyans." ^ Ya^tsac iJ.a.^^'^ "1^-nx wan hawa''. 5 S^atsftc wan ata's. Sqa'k wan ata's hawa''. 1 6. How A SiusLAW House was built, and the Food THE SiusLAW ATE {Lower Umpq2ia). Qa'wa'a"nx ta', "}»"-nx xaiJa'^tx hitsf'. Bqe^^yusnE ants LJa^ai uj }aqtaqa^''nitc hitsf'. "} skwaha'yultx tEqyu'" ants hitsf'. Hawa'^styax, "} k!ix tE'q skwaha'yusnE qaVintl. 4 qa"x ma^tcun tEqyu^^tc ants hitsf'. Su'qu't'ax ants lo hitsi'' xaLlfyusnE. Hawa^'styax, "J tkwiha'yusnE. Tkwiha^- yuttx qaw^nti'yuwltc ants hitsf'. S'^a'tsanx ta'. Oa^ha^ntc qa^^xuntc Liha^'tx hitcu'". K!i'nwat ants Lla^-^' ants hitsi'' tci^kyax Llha'^ tE hitc. So'qu't'ax xaLli^yusnE ants hitsi''. Si^a'tsanx ta'. Alqa'tc Llaya^ "} cin^x hits!'' xaLla'yu'nE 15 La^pqa't'ax. S^a^tsa tiyi/^' tE hitc wa^nwitsaxax L!a'^'. K!exu' Llaya' s^a'tsa tlyu'^^'. Oa'tltc tlyO'^^' "t a'l-du si^a'tsa. Li'u i'kli'a'tc qa''utci^nx ta', "I'-nx ya^'xa'tc h't.'a'. lIxu'i- stc'^nx ants h'fa' "J^nx ya'''xa a'l-du. "t'-nx i'tla'yun qiu'- nEm. ^^nx I'tla'yun tE ya'i'xa. S'^a'tsanx xni'^^nE qiu'nEm 2C ants tiyu^^^'. Kwin a^l'du ^'^nx i'tla^yun qiu^nEm. "} ts!yanx ' Contracted from hn'tcvaxans. 8i to the past. Finally they (the betters) would win. And the two (chiefs) would keep on saying to each other, "We two habitually will play fair. We two will never play roughly while we are playing." After a while they would quit. Now thus only it was. Now there only it ends. 1 6. How A SiusLAW House was built, and the Food THE SiuSLAW ATE [Lower Umpqua). (Suppose some Siuslaw) lived at the mouth of the river, and were (going to) build their house. (Then first) the ground would be dug out. Houses were made of some kind of boards. Then the frame of that house would be stood up. As soon as (that frame) began to be ready, then all kinds of things would be placed on both sides ; and on top (of the dug-out place [?]) they would place the frame of that house. (The boards of) that house would be fixed so as to join \ and when (the walls) were almost ready, they would be covered with earth. That house would be covered with earth on all of its sides. Thus they lived. In passing out, people (would climb) way up, for many of the houses had ladders whereon the people passed out. (Sometimes two or more) houses would be joined together. Thus they lived. On one place three houses would be built adjoining (one another). Thus the people belonging to the past lived. Everywhere they lived thus. And those who lived across the river would do likewise. Whenever they lived near the mouth of the river, in the bay, they had lots of food. They had dried salmon, and likewise (dried) fern-roots, which they ate during the winter. They ate fern-roots (mostly). Thus the people did during the winter. Tidewater-weeds likewise they ate in the winter. And skunk-cabbage, too, was eaten in the 6 — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. AN'THROP. — VOI,. IV. 82 a'l-du I'tla'yu'm': qiu'nEm. P!iy"xri'n a'l-du }'t!ayu'nE. Si^a'tsatc Ji'tia' wa'nwitsaxax iJa'yax. Ha''ku' L!a'=>' "J J'tlaVu'iiK, ''\ hims a'l'du t'tla^yu'iiK. 4 a'l-du (jo'inin I'tla'yu'ni;. Oiu'nEm pftsisya ha'qa'' ants hamr'tci, "t 5 ya-'^'xa'tc t!'yas''-yu^"' havva'' qlO'iiKm, ants hami'^td ha'qa''. Wa' ya-'^'xa' ants hitc, "t ha^'mut hamitcu' I'kwa''. "1 s'-a- tsa "t histc ha' hawa'^tx ants tiyu^"', ants hami'^tci ha'qa'^ ni'ctcim tifsa'nanx lit!a^vax. Wa'nwitsax hftcax tsi'k!ya yikt, ants hamf'tcl ha^qa''. S'^a^tsatc nictcima'^mu wa'n- lO witsax hi'tcax. Wa'nwitsaxax hi'tcax nictcima^^mutc.^ M^yo^k"s ta^'yax iJaya'. S'a'tsa l't!a'' tE ta'yax. 0!Exa"yuwitIta' 4 tcja^'- witc taya''. Ha^'mut tqa^Vitc taya^'tx hitcu'"', "t h'ia^'anx xaya''. Olutcu'ni iJa'-''' "1 mlkii'" Jt'ia'a'. S^^a'tsanx I'kwa^'tx 15 Ji't!a'. LxwiyQi'txanx It'i'a'. Stim taya'' L!a'^' tqa^'Vl. Tclk hawa'' ants h'i'a', "I'-nx ([a'utca''. Tsfmcimatc "I'nx paLni'tx, tqa"wi'tcyanx - (la'ha'ntc. Ts'ha'yunanx ants um- na''q, "t^nx Lxu'yutsmE. Owatc Lixu'yun paLnC/^^'i H s'^a'tsa xnf^nE. Ya'xa'tx titla" "1 tcExwa^'. Si^a'tsa xnl'^^nE L!a'^'. 20 "I'-nx qa''utc tEm^wa''. Ya-^'xa' hitc tiyfi'^^' iJa'^' stim. OiO'nEm "! ha'cja'' hami'^tci. Wa'' ya^'xa' hitc, "J tEm"wa'' sqa'k, ants ha'qa'' ants hami^'tci. S'^atsa xni'^^'nE wa'n- witsaxax iJa'^' hi'tcax. S'a'tsa xni'^'nE tE tiyu'"' L!a'^'. PictcEma'wax hiqiya'', "f ht!a''tx hitcO'^'' iaq^'waa'. S^a'tsa 25 tlyu'^^' iJa'^' wa'nwits. Sqa'k wan hawa''. ' The following was offered as an amplification of the preceding chapter. - Contracted from tqa"ivV tcyaxan.\ . 83 winter-time ; also kinnikinnick-berries were eaten. Such was the food of the people belonging to the past. Lots of mussels were eaten, and also clams were eaten, and likewise quahogs. When in the winter a whale came ashore from the ocean, then they stored up (made ready) lots of its grease, — in the winter, when a whale came ashore. No matter how many the people were, still all obtained (some of the fat of the) whale. That was why those people became glad whenever a whale came ashore, because they (knew that they) were going to eat grease. To the people living long ago it was a very great (boon) when a whale came ashore. Such was the custom of the people living long ago. The custom of the people living long ago was such.^ In the beginning they lived at (a certain) place. Thus they ate when they lived. During the salmon season they lived up the river. All people lived (then) up-stream, catching salmon. Many women cut (open the) salmon. Thus they used to obtain food. They used to dry salmon right there where they lived, up-stream. When the salmon was gone (ready), then they went (back) to the mouth of the river. Some of their people hunted habit- ually, having gone far up the river. They killed elk, and dried their (killed game). Whoever knew how to hunt did it thus. When their food (accumulated) greatly, they went back. Thus many did. Then they assembled at the mouth of the river. Many people lived there. In the winter, whale (sometimes) came ashore. No matter how many were the people, still they would assemble there when a whale came ashore. Thus people living long ago did. Thus did those who lived there. When summer was about to commence, then people used to eat herring. Thus they lived long ago. Now there it ends. 84 ij. Setting Traps for Elk [Lower Umpqud). Wa^nwitsax iJa'yax itqa^yusiiK ants iJa'-", tcik txa'ntc ants Limna'^cj. Xa'ts!u bite ilqa'". Tclk ante tqa^^'tO \J^\N2}' txa'nftc, "} stimk itcja^yOsnE ants iJa'-'^^ Oanistci^tc itqa^yOsnK yfkta. Xa'ts.'u hitc iJxu'yun s'^^a^tsa. Wa'' 5 ya^tsa "ta^x s'Vtsa xni'^'nK a'ntsux ya^kja^n ants iJa'^'. Kumi'ntcux ya'tsa xf I'xcltx ^ a^nts'tcx" ^ yafqa'a", Ha"^^a'- nfyOsa"x wan a'ntsux yalq iJaya'. Kunii'ntc'^'ax txu '^i\H\ xil'xcyun s^-a'tsa. Tcfkyac L.'a^^' "la"x xi'1-xcyun xa'ts!un. Xa'tsluntc ya'xa" a'nts^tcx^ - yalqa'a". Ku' ya'tsac L!a'^' lo u|;aux ha"^ain!'yus a'ntsux ya'^qa^^n ants iJa'-'^'. ' S^a'tsa xnl'^^nE ants Lla"-'^' tiyu^^^i wa'nwitsax. 1 Mistaken use of the modal -ttx. Should have been xV IwcyTitsDiE. 2 By metathesis for a'ttts^tca"x. 85 ij. Setting Traps for Elk [Lozver Umpqud). People living- long ago used to dig holes in the ground where an elk (left) its imprint. (Sometimes) two people dug a hole. Wherever a log lay across (the road, in a position) similar (to that of elk-)tracks, there a hole would be dug in the ground. It would be dug very deep. Two men (it took to) know (how to do it) thus. For a long time those two who dug the hole in the ground did it thus. Then not long afterwards they two fixed their (dual) hole. At last they two finished, those two who were digging a hole in the ground. Not just one hole they two made this way. Sometimes they two would make four holes. Then the number of their (dual) holes would be four. Not long afterwards they two would finish, those two who were digging holes in the ground. Thus many people living long ago (were in the habit of) doing. 86 FRAGMENTS. 18. Thk Skunk and the Screech-Owl [Lower Umpqud). Lklanu'k" "1 piiKja''. Wi'nxa^'n tsfk!ya tE pEiii's. Win^x- na\va"x, (jaw"nti'tc^^ax win^'xnaVa, Lk.'anO^k" "} mE(|!a''tx ha^^qmas Llya'wa. Tsfk!ya wi'nxa"n ants pEni's }k!an"\va'k". Lk!anu'k" "J pincjaya' xarJa^' hitu'tc. Lna"'^^^ hitc ants 5 pJna''. Lk!an"wa^k" wi'nxa"n ants pKni's. iJxu'yun mi'kia tsfk!ya. L!xu^yOn hfsa lk!an"wa'k" ants pEni's. Lna"'^^' hitc "t kiaqa^'txa^n pEna/s, s^^a ^ Llxu'yun }k!an"wa'k". Lklanu'k" ya'q^'yOn a^ntsux mEq!a''tx ants pEni's xa'ts!"- wa^^x.^ TcanhatfiTixutxa"x q"Li'mt ants pEni's. ^^1 s^-atsf- 10 tc^'ax waanaVa. PEnfs pEli'tc "-A Ik.'anu'k^i limnftc. "1 mEq!a''tx ha''q- mas Liya'wa tE Iklanu'k". Lna^'^^'' hitc "1 plna''. "1 Ln'lun ants q!^ha^ltEx. "1 ya'tsa s'^a'tsyax ants Iklanu'k^^ "} waa'. "Kumi'ntc'''nx plna''. Lqa^qanx sfn'xya." S'^atsftc waa^' 15 ants Iklanu^k^^ Ants plna^st ^'1 cfn'xyatlya aqaVax. "} s^atsl'tc waa^ ants ikianu'k". "Kumi'ntc'''nx phia'^ Lqa'qa^nx ata^s. Lqa^qanx sfn'xya." Ci'n'xyat!ya ants hitc aqa'wax. Tsi^m^^ax s^atsi'tc "1 waa'' aqa'wa"x.^ Lxa"yaxa°'ni ants pEni's tsfk!ya"x xaif si'n'xyun ants phia'st. ' Should have been s^a^'na. - The sudden introduction of two skunks instead of one could not be explained. 87 FRAGMENTS. 1 8. The Skunk and the Screech-Owl [Lower Umpqua). Screech-Owl was dancing the medicine-dance. She was very much afraid of the Skunk. They two (Screech-Owl and Skunk) feared each other, mutually they feared each other. Screech-Owl was continually dancing alongside of the fire. Screech-Owl was very much afraid of that Skunk. She was (trying) to cure a man by means of the medicine- dance. He who was sick was a rich man. Screech-Owl was afraid of that Skunk, for she knew he was very bad. Screech- Owl knew that Skunk very well. Skunk was continually breakino- wind at the rich man, and Screech-Owl knew that. Screech-Owl saw that those two Skunks '" were contin- ually dancing. They two were clubbing each other's anuses, saying thus. Skunk (doctored) first, and Screech-Owl second ; and Screech-Owl was continually dancing near the fire. A rich man was sick, and (Screech-Owl) was fanning the ashes. She did thus for a long time, and said (to the sick man), "You are not sick, you want to pass wind." Thus Screech- Owl said ; and that sick man was continually thinking of running away. Then (again) Screech-Owl said thus: "You are not sick. Your passing of wind only (is sick). You want to pass wind." (Still) that man was continually thinking of running away. Always they two (Screech-Owl and the sick man) were saying thus, — that they two were going to run away, for that Skunk and another one desired very much that that sick man should die. •* Contracted from aqa'waxa"x. 88 Oatc''na\va"x ' Ik.'aiV'wa'k" ants phia'st. Hina'^'un ants plna'st }k!an"wa'k". Tclk ants k!alatu'" sqe^'k^^'ax qatc'^^na'- wa"x. Aqa'qa"x qa'tc^nta"x. Tclk ants iJa^^^ tEm"u'" ya^'xa* hitc, fia'tc''"nta"x sqa'ktci'tc. "ta^x Ll'uwa"x sqa^k, 5 tclk ants klalatu'" ya-'^'xa' hitc. Yuwa^yun ya^^xa^ ants (\\a.^\\ ants klalatu'^^'. Llu'wa^x sqa'k. Sqa^k LiYitux ants pEni's'^'ax. "}a"x tsina'x'yuhx q"Li'mt. XaTituxa^x "}a"x tcfwatc hakwa'a' ants pKni's." 1 9. Coyote and the Two Otter- Women '■' [Lower UiiipqtLci). Xi'ntmanx ti'mwa.* Ci^n'xyat!ya ha'tci'tc ants Tsxi/npLi. 10 "Tsfk!ya"x his qlutcu'ni. Tcfnta"tc^ax his mi'ck'la' a'n- tsux qlutcu'ni." "t ts'ims s^atsftc ci'nixyat!ya ants Tsxu'npLi. "To yakla^'^ni qiutclVni tsfklya his qiutcu^ni." "1 ts'ims s^-atsi'tc cfn'xyatlya. "Klexu'tc'^nxan Llaya'tc ha'^q^nxan xi^ntmitux. Pitca^tc'^nxan iqatuwlyu^s. S'a^tsa"xun xnlyu- 15 ni^'yun. S'^a^tsa^xin yixa'yul mi'ck'la^tc^''ax. Pitca^ya"x Iqatuwiyu's, ants qiutcu'ni, 4n ya'qu'yula"x mi'ck'la'. S*^a'tsa"xin xnlyunf^^yun." S'^atsftc cfn'xyatlya. Tcik ants yiktfl'ma ]:qa'''tri, s^a^'xa"x pitca^' a^ntsux qiutcu^ni, s'^a'tsa^x yixaYu^" mi^ck'ki' ants qiutcu^ni. 20 Xi'ntanx. Tsi'k!ya"x sfn'xyun ants qiutcu^ni. "Tci'nta"n ' Contracted from qatc^na'ivaxa"x. 2 The informant could not recollect tlie rest of tliis story. 89 So they two, Screech-Owl and that sick man, intended to go away. Screech-Owl was going to carry that sick man. They two intended to go there, where the fair (was going on). So they two started, and ran away. They two went there, where there was an assembly of many people. Then they two came there, where a big time was had by many people. Those who (participated in) that good time were collecting much pitch. So they two arrived there, (and heard that) those two Skunks were going to come there. (Moreover, they were told that) their anuses (those of the two Skunks) were to be scorched, (and that as soon as) the two Skunks died, they two would be thrown into the water." 19, Coyotp: and the Two Otter- Women '^ [Lower Unipqud). They ^ were travelling together ; and Coyote was con- tinually thinking to himself, "Very pretty are the two women. Whichever of these two women habet pulchram vulvam, (this one I will marry)." Thus Coyote was con- tinually thinking to himself. "That smaller woman is a very pretty woman." Thus he was always thinking to himself. "We will travel to each place (that is away from the) shore. We shall be going over logs. Thus I will do it to them (dual). Thus I shall see their (dual) vulvas. Whenever these two women step over a log, then I shall look at their (dual) vulvas. Thus I shall do it to them (dual)." Thus he was always thinking. Wherever there was a very large log and those two women stepped over it, he would see the vulvas of those two women. They kept on going. He liked those two women very •'' Also recorded among the Alsea. ♦ That is, Coyote and the two Otter-Women. 90 ti:x I'kvva'yun ? Tci'nta" yi^kt'tc mi'ck'la' s^'-a. "hi (ji'utc hawa'yun. S'^-a'tsa^xin ya'xa"J mi'ck'la'." TcKni'tcitanx wan "l^nx tca^\a"t, Kwi'ya"x ya'xa'^l' mi'ck'la^ ants cilutcu^ni. "}^nx wan tci'n hitsfstc, "il'a"x s'^atsi'tc waa'a"n ants qiu- 5 tcO'ni. "Mi'k^tuxts h'laya^ MahciwaVaxan ^ LlyaVa." "la"x wan wi'lut ants ciintcu^ni. "l makclTist ants tEx- mu'ni. Mikwa'wa"x - ants qlutcQ'ni. Hawa^'stx ^ ants Liya'wa, "}a"x xa'tcaVa"x * ants ciiutci/ni. Oa^h^u ants Llya^a". Skwaha^xam ants xa'tca'a". Xatka^' ants Liya'a". lo "J ya'q"'yril mfck'la' ants qlutcu'ni. Tca^n ants qiutcO'ni, xa'tkast. Ats "1 yaxi'xul tcu'x"s ants (liutcu^ni. "1 waa'' ants Tsxu'npLi. "Ni'ctca k" tK cu([wa^an tE ha'kwatlya?" Cuqwa'an hawa'yun, wa^' ca'yatc. Nitsa^'tx ants ca'ya. Wai' ca'yatc H cuqwa'an hawa^yOn. Xatca'ya^x ants qiu- I 5 tcfi'ni, yaxi'xula^x tcii^x"s ants qlutcu'ni. H s^atsftc cf nxa't. "Ya'xa^n" ants qiutcu'ni, "} mEkct tcuV's." "1 atsi'tc cfnxit. Yaxi'xul ca'ya ants tExmu'ni ants waa''. "Nl'ctca k" tE cuqwa'an tE ha'kwat!ya?" "1 wan yaxi'xOl ca'ya ants tExmu'ni. T'lxa't ca'ya ants tExmO'ni. "1 s'^a "1 tsl'k!ya 2o winxi'xul ants qiritcu'ni. "} ants qiutcu'ni s'^atsi'tc ci'nxit. "Kumi'ntcin ta'is. Aqa'waxan." Lakwa'kutsmE k^^a'm ants qiutcu'ni, "i qwa'xtcist tcfwatc. "1 qia'il mi'ltcistutsmE 4 waV'tsmE ants misi'a'. "Aqa'wans, kumfntc his tu tEx- • The narrator evidently meant to say 7naltca'':i'axan. - Contracted from mtk'cva'wa.\a"x. 3 The use of the modal -fx in this passage is incorrect. The suffix -TilsiiiE should have been used. 91 much. "I wonder which one I shall take! I will make that one my wife whose vulva is large. That is why I (want to) see their (dual) vulvas." They were going homewards now, (and still) he did not see the vulvas of those two women. So then they came back into the house, and he said thus to the two women: "You will cut salmon, while I am going to build a hre." Then those two women assented. So that man began to build a fire, while those two women were about to cut (salmon). When he finished building his fire, those two women began to roast (salmon). That fire (was kept up by means of) bark, (and upon it) the roast was placed, (Soon) the fire fell down (flat). Then he saw the private parts of those two women, (as each) woman fell (on her) back (trying to dodge the fire when) it began to fall. At that time he saw the vulva (of each) woman. Then Coyote said, "What may (cause) this roast to fall down frequently?" He called it "roast," although it was his penis. Then his penis became stiff. Although it was his penis, still he called it "roast." As these two women were roasting (salmon), he was looking at their (dual) vulvas. So he thought thus: "I see the (one) woman, and her vulva is fat." Thus he thought. (Then one woman) perceived the penis of that man when he said. "What may cause this roast to fall down so frequently?" Then she saw the penis of that man. The penis of that man had teeth. And the woman was very much afraid of his (penis), and was thinking thus : "I will not stay (here any longer). I am going to run away." So that woman took her basket, and began to go down to the water. Then (upon her return) she kindled her pitch, and said thus to her older sister : "We two are going to run away. That man is not good : he has too large a penis." * Contracted from xa'tca'7vaxa"x. '•> Contracted from va' xa''iihi. 92 mirni. Yikti'1-mat ca'ya." Winxi'x ants qiutcu'ni, "1 s'atsi'tc wa'a"tsmE ants misi'a'. "A'qtuns.^ PEh'tcin a'qtux. K'was'yu^tsana" wan." S'^atsi'tc \va^a°tsmE ants misfa'. Tci'watc^'ax Limixa'x ants qiutCLi'ni. Aqa'wa^x ~ qa'ha'ntc. 5 Aqa'qa"x wan, tclk ants !qa'''tu skwaha^' ya^^xa'tc ilqwa^'- tEm.'^ "J ants tExmu'ni "1 tqulu''. llqutmfa"x qaa'' ants qlutCLi'ni. Ka"sfs ants tExmu'ni. Cqawa'^ ants tcl. "Ja^x s^^atsftc waa^'. "Ats tcaltcftc qlu'tux, "I'^ns naltux. Kumi'ntc^ns ha'q, tci'wans xi'ntis, pi^'tsistc^ns aqaSvax." lo "la"x pf'tsistc aqa^q. Kumi'ntc^^ax sfn'xyun ants tExmu'ni. Tsi'klya mi^k!a ants tExmu'ni. Smut'a^t' wan. A'iqa^tcin * Llxu'yOn qna.^ Cf n^\ nictcanu'wisi tE qiu- tcu'ni "} xi'ntm^yaxa"n. Te qiutcu^ni tsi'k!ya si'nxitx tEtc mictci^'. TsxLi'npLi waa^'. "Cfn^x nictcanu'wisi Hn xi'nt- 15 misun." Kumi'ntc^tc qi'Otc ants qiutcu'nya^^x, Lipxani'- sk'intc'^ax, "la^x txu xi'ntmisun. Cfn^x nictcanu'wisi ^ta^^x xfntmlsun ants^tc^^ax lipxa'n. Tsxu'npLitc q.'a^si'nti t!a'mc- tc^ax antsux qlutcu'ni. S^a^tu^ni pEli'tc xi'ntma^stun xa'tslu nictcanu'wisi. Wi'ltcistu'tsniE wa'as. "1 a''laf wi'ltcistutsmE 20 tlamc ants tExmu'ni. Oamita'tc wi'ltcistun misa'yustc. Te tsxu'npLi pla-'^'ntx ha'^ tsi'klya. Hatca't ants lqa'''tu "} qa"'xun ta^ Iqatuwiyu's ants tsxu'npLi. Ya'q"'ya klexu'tc 1 Contracted from a'qtuxa7is. - Contracted from aqa'iK'a.\a"x. ^ This, so the informant explained, is the reason why otters like to live among alder-roots. 93 That woman was afraid. (For that reason) she said thus to her older sister: "We two will run away. I will run away first. You will follow me last." Thus she said to her older sister. Then those two women jumped into the water. They two were going to run far away. Then they two ran away to where stood a log having many (alder) roots ; ^ and the man was shouting as the two women went into the alder-tree. The man began to follow (them). The water began to stir. Then they two said thus : "When he passes (us, going) somewhere else, then we two will start out again. We two will not (travel) on the shore, we will keep on travelling in the water : we are going to run away to the ocean." Then they two ran away to the ocean. They two did not like that man. He was a very bad man. Now it ends. I ' seemingly know (only) one* (half of this story). For three years (Coyote) had travelled around with these women. Of these women, he always liked the younger sister. Coyote said, "For three years I will keep on travelling around with these (two)." Those two women were not his wives. They two were his younger nieces, and he was just continually travelling with them. For three years he kept on travelling with his two nieces. These two women were the two children of Coyote's elder sister. At first he had commenced to travel with the larger one, (doing it for) two years. (Then the father of the girl) began to send word (that she should come back), and afterwards that man sent his (younger) child. Her father then sent her to her elder sister. Coyote was very sorry. There was a tall tree, and Coyote was sitting on top of that tree. He looked every- * The following was told partly by William Smith, and partly by his wife, and seems to be an amplification of the preceding chapters, s Refers to the narrator. 94 L!aya'tc. Yixuml'txa"na"x ants qlOtcu'ni, yixa'yuna^^x ants qlutcu^ni. Txu niEtcftc'^tux ants lqa'''tu. "1 s'-atsftc k!u^- wi'nun iJa'^' ants Tsxu'npLi. Oaxa'ntc^^ax k!"x\vinlyu's arits (jiutcu'ni, ats ants kl^'xwi'n iJa'^'. "1 \Ti"'L!a'tx qa^^xunu' ants i(ia'''tri. Tclt'a't'un L.'a'-^' tsfklya. Tcita't'. iJayu'stc ma'tcatii ants }qa'''tO ants Tsxuna'pLi t!ft!yun. Tcit'a't'u- tsniE L.'a'^' ants Tsxu'npu. Pla^ntx ha'\ S'^atsftc "1 mi'- tcistOn ha^^mut ants ]:qa'''tri iJayu'stc. 20. Thk Grizzly-Bear and the Two Little Birds ^ {Loiuer Umpqiid). Ya^^xa^ hitc Llxmlya'yun ants Swak Tcik qnuhu'yun lo hitc "1 t't!a'yun s'^as. Wa^' ya^'xa' hitc, "} ha''mut s'-as }'t!a^yun. S'^a^tsa "]" kumi'ntc ni'kla xi'ntmit hitc. Si^a wfnxa^n, Tsfk!ya wfnxa"n haya'mut h'yatc. Ku' ni'ctca nfctcOtnE. Tsi'klya mi'k!a. Wa^^ ya^^'xa^ tE hitc, "1 t^t!a'- yOn s'^^as. Tsi'klya wi'nxa^'n. S^a^tsa xni''*^"nOn tE hitc 15 wa'nwits. L't!a'yun s'^as. "1 s'^a tE t!amci'sk'ni ~ LiO'vva"x qlutci'kma'tc. "Ni'ctcanx tanx ya^^xai qatx? Kumi'ntcxun taqa'^na wfnx. Yuwa'- ya'^xun ya^'xa' tslilna^, "Lxun stlnik qa^'xtuxL!." "^ (Wa'nwits h!i'stun ants Lxa^yaxa^'ni. Ll'tl'^tOn "1 txu 20 q"Liml'tyatc Liha' ants t!amcikma'sk'in. "} tsi'k!ya plna'tx ha^' ants tiamcikma'sk'in.) Oatx ants qlutcfl-ma. "Ja"x wan yau^'n ants t.'amci^-ma tslitna'. AsQi' ants mi'kia hitc. Ma'itcu^n Llya'wa. "1 ' This fragment seems to be another version of the story related on pp. 14 et seq. (also record'jd among the Alsea and Molala). 95 where. He was looking- for those two women, (so that he might) see them (dual). (Suddenly) that tree just kind of fell down. So Coyote made ice ; and those two women (had to travel) on top of the ice, when it began to appear. Then that tree broke (in two) at the top. He caused a strono- wind to blow. It blew. The tree on which Coyote wat sitting kept falling down to the ground. Coyote caused his winds to blow. He was sorry. That was why he beofan to fell all the trees to the o-round. 20. The Grizzly-Bear and the Two Little Birds ^ [Lower Unipqiia). Grizzly-Bear was killing many people. Wherever he found a person, he would devour him. Even though many were the people, still he would devour them all. For that reason no man ever travelled alone. (Everybody) was afraid of him. All people feared (Grizzly) very much. Nothing could be done (to stop him). He was very bad. Even though many were the people, still he devoured them (all). They feared him very much. Thus this person did long ago. He devoured (people). Then two little boys'" came to an old woman. "Why do you cry so much ? We two are not afraid of anything. We two will gather much pitch, and will stay here until night overtakes us two." ^ ([Grizzly-Bear] had already begun to devour that other [young boy]. He devoured him, when that little boy just passed out through his anus-hole. Then that [remaining] young boy was very sorry.) That old woman kept on crying while the two young boys were gathering pitch. (Then they went to Grizzly's house.) That bad man was sleeping. (One of the arrivals) - The two little birds. " In the house of Grizzly-Bear. 96 a^sfs ants nil'k.'a hitc. Lk!a'tx i.aa' (laxuntcftc. "f lociwa'' ants ts!aln. (jiutcil'a^mi ta'yun ants tsi'L.'i. Asu'' tsi'klya ants mi'kia hitc. Loqwa^^ ants tslain. Oa^'^xuntc lk!^a''tx Laa' ants mi'kja hitc. "1 vvaa^^ ants t!amcikma'sk'in. 5 "Ha'^qa'tcya, miltci^xminx, ha^'qa^tcya." Kumrntc cilx ants hitc asu''. Tsi'klya asu''. "} wan lakwa'kutsma"x ants ts!ahi. "J wan qwa^'nul Laaya'tc'^^tc. Txu mi'ltc'st "f txu lo(|wa^q". "la"x wan Llwa'^^nun ants qiutci'l'ma. "Xau^- na"xiin ants mi'kla hitc. Mfltcist ha^'mut Laa^tc. Tintx lo ha'.^ "}a"x wan Llwa^'nOn ants qiutcn'ma. "}a"x wan tcimtci'mya qa^tc'''nt ants qiutci'l'ma. Yak!i'tc'tOl xwa'ka qiutcfl'a'mi ants t!amcil'ma'sk'in. Hank! tciktc ha'\^ Mi^kla tE'q xaU^un s^as. Wan smut'a^t'. 2 1 . The Old Woman and her Grand-Daug?iter [Alsea). 15 Qiutcfkma }tEk°wa'ntc'''ax ta' ti^mwa. Tsi^k!ya"x nakwa'- yata ta^ Cfn'xyatlya ants qiutcn'ma. Ku^ nfctca la^kwit lltlaya" ants qiutcfkma. Tsxaya'^L!a"x "la"x hiqlya^^ A"'tcisa"x yuwa'^ Waa^'stc ants ItEko^n ants qiutci'kma. " Ya^'xatc'isQnanx puna^pOna', tcik wa^quntx Llayu^^', stim 20 I'kwa'yun ya^^xa' tE a^^'tcisi." Tclha^'cis ants t!amc. Ya^'xa^x l^kwa'yun tE a^'tcisi. Waa'^tx ants kami/matc. "Ya^^xa^ns }akwa^ku"n, kamL. Wa'' ya^tsa "t'ns s'^a^tsa la'kwisun." S'^^atsi'tc waa^'tx ItEko'n tE qiutci'1-ma. "S^a^- • Literally, kind of somewhere (is) his heart. 97 kindled a fire. That bad man kept on sleeping. His mouth was open kind of wide [high]. The pitch was boiling. The old woman kept an arrow (in her hand). That bad man was sleeping soundly, while the pitch kept on boiling. That bad man opened his mouth wide. Then the young boy said, "(Move away) from the fire, you may get burned! (Move away) from the fire!" The man who was sleeping did not move. He was sound asleep. Then they two seized their pitch and poured it into his mouth. He just began to burn, and was just boiling (inside). Then they two related (what they had done) to that old woman. "We two killed that bad man. His whole mouth burned, and his heart is cooked." Thus they two related to that old woman. Then they two and that old woman went there with an axe. The old woman and a young boy cut his head into pieces. (That little boy) was very glad, for he had killed something bad. Now it ends. 2 1 . The Old Woman and her Grand-Daughter (A /sea). An old woman and her orrand-dauofhter lived toofether. They two lived very poorly. That old woman worried very often, for she could not obtain food. As soon as morning dawned upon them (dual), they two would start out to dig camas-roots. (One day) that old woman said to her grand-daughter, "You keep on trying to look for Mole : where there are many holes in the ground, there (you) will get lots of camas." That girl was glad because they two were going to obtain much camas. (Then the girl) kept on saying to her grandmother, "We two will obtain much camas, O grandmother ! We two will keep on obtaining it thus forever." Thus said the old woman 7 — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. 98 tsans ta'^yax, "}^nx hitc hau'tux." Wi'KvIs ants tlamcil*- ma'sk'in. "Ha° kaniL, s'a'tsans ta'ls/ "1 waa'' ants qiutci'1-ma. "Ats yri'xtux, "I'-ns tquya'^iti. "I'ns ya'xtu- xa'ti." Atsftc waa>' ants qiutcflma. 5 Nictcinawita', "}a"x s^-a'tsa xni'^^ni:. Ci'n'xyatlis ants qiutcii-ma. S'^a'tsatc sfya'a" ants ItEko'n. Tci'nt'tc ya'xa" ants li't!a', "la"x s''-a I'kwa'yun. Tina'' ants iJa'-'' ti'/q pi'ctcEm, "}a"x s^^a a'l-dO ^kwa'yOn. Kumi'ntC'ax tE'q l!xu'- xun. S'^a^'x ata's Llxu'yun li'tla'. Si^a'tsa^x ta'. Waa^'stc lo kEko'n ants qiutcn-ma. "Si^'tunx, "Inx qni^x^^ts xnl'^'nisun." Ku'ya"x tclk hitc iJxu'xun a'nts^^ax ta'. Ya'wisa"x a^tcl- yu's. YExa''tc^^'ax xi'ntis a'ntsux a^'tcisi, a'ntsux yuwa^'tx. "Wa'^ ya'tsa, "t'^ng s^^a'tsa xni'^^'nis. Hi'tc^^nx haCi'tOx, "I'ns hitu'stc lyotux." Atsi'tc waa'^stc ]'t]':ko'n ants qiutci'kma. 15 Ya^'xa^x a'l-du l't!a'yun a'ntsux ta'. Nictcin"wa''txa''x iJa'^', "Ja^x It'iV LllLlwi'yOs, "la'^x h'iaya' al'du t"vvatca''. A'^q nictcanu'wisi "ta^'x hitu'stc wan qatc'^na''. "}a"x aktwa'' hitu'stc wan. Sqa'k wan hawa''. S^-atsa'tc nictcima''mLi ti: qiutci'lma 20 wa'nwitsaxax }tEk°wa'ntc"'ax. 99 to her grand-daughter, "If we two live thus, then you will become (a grown-up) person." That young girl kept on assenting. "Yes, grandmother, thus we two will always live." Then that old woman said, "When (that camas) accumulates, then we two are going to cook our (camas) by means of rocks, and then we two will have much of our (camas)." Thus said that old woman. When spring came, they two did thus. That old woman was continually worrying, when that grand-daughter (grew up to) such a size. W^hatever quantity of food there was (in the fields), they two would get it. When in the summer many things became ripe, they two would like- wise get them. They two knew of nothing else. They two knew only (how to get) food. Thus they two lived. Then that old woman said to her grand-daughter, "When you grow up, you will keep on doing it." Those two who lived there did not know that people were anywhere around. They two were continually digging camas-roots. Their (dual) camas began to accumulate when they two kept on digging (it). " We two will keep on doing thus for a long time. When you are (a grown-up) person, then we two will go to (where) people (live)." Thus that old woman said to her grand-daughter. They two also ate fern-roots when they lived there. When fall came, and salmon arrived at their (dual) place, they also speared salmon. After one year they two went to (where other) people (lived). Then they two were again among people. Here now it ends. Such was their (dual) custom, (that of) the old woman and her grand-daughter, (both of whom) lived long ago. lOO 2 2. Thk Story of Louisa Smith's Childhood^ {Lo2ver Umpqiid). Mita'a'tin tsi'k!\a hi's. Mifa'a'tin hltsi's qaa''. Ya^'xa'tc t!amc mila'a^tin. His qlutcu'ni miia^aitin. Hitsfs ta'. K!ixa'' na." Kumi'ntc'''nxan hitu'tc Lla'itanxan ta'. Mit!a'- sk'nftin tKkla'kL!. Ya^'xa^ tKk!a'kL!, ta'nxan ta'. "I'n 5 iJxu'x" ya'xa'ti ha'\^ A'lqan ta''." Mitla'sk'nftin.'' Ku- mi'ntc'-nxan hitu'tc rJu' ta'yanxan. iJxu'x^' ya^'xa'tin ha'\"' Ya^'xa' t]':k!a'kL!. Tci'kyac iJa'-^' "-A tsi'sqin ta''ha'yun. Ya^'xa'nxan It'fa' Lxuyu'yun. H'ya'tc'^nxan LifLluts. Ya- xfus'n tE sl'xa^'*... Wan Llwa'' tE si'xa'. Ya-'^'xa' tE h't!a' lo LiwfwutsmE." Limi'kcu LiwfwQsnE.'' Tqa^wi'tc tcfk^'nxan tE ta'.^... Kiimfntcin si'n'xyun tE hitc, "t'n sl'^yax. Mila^- a'tin, na'han.^ A'i'''q qiutcfl-ma ta'yun qamita'a'tin. Mita'tc k"na. Hr^sanxan ta^. Hi'^sinxan hitsl'V Linq!a''tx''nxan ta'klnxan hitsi''. Ya^'xa'nxan h'tla'. "1: lIxux^ ya^'xaltin ha^\^ 15 Lxa'^p'stc ya^xa^, qfMtcyaa^'. Sfn'xyun lq!a''nu. Toha^- yun Iq.'a^nu. Ya^^xanx tuha^yun. Kumrntcin tcik hitc ya^'xa' ya^xun. Sihftcin xfntyax, "In tsfklya his. Tsi'- k.'yan hi^siti ha'\ "In sihi'tc xfntyax. Kiimi^ntcin tcik hitc ya'xun. Yaxa'^txa"x ta'tc^ax ' Iqla'nu, "}a"x t!rihat'ci'ntxa"x. 20 Tcin'^^rfyusnE 4 qatc'^ni'yusnE. Tcin^^'i'yutsma^x. Kumfntc ' This text was dictated by Louisa Smith herself. Although it is of little eth- nological value, it was faithfully recorded word by word in order to demonstrate Eouisa's failure as a narrator. - The sense of the next sentence shows that the narrator meant to say "We lived alone." 3 It was hard to elucidate what the narrator intended to sav in this sentence. lOI 2 2. The Story of Louisa Smith's Childhood^ {Lozver Umpqiia). My father was a very good man. (He and) my mother Hved in a house. My mother had many children. My mother was a pretty woman. She hved in a house. I was alone." Our house was not situated (near that of any other) people. My step-father was setting traps. He set many traps while we lived there. And I knew much in my mind." I staid alone. My step-father.^ We did not live near (any other) people. I knew a great deal.'^ (My step-father) was setting many traps. Sometimes he would kill a deer. We used to dry lots of salmon. People came often to us. I used to see (their) canoes.^ Then (another) boat would come, bringing much food. Flounders were frequently brought. Up the river, w^iere we lived. ^ . . . I did not want a man (husband) when I grew up. My mother and I.^ My mother kept one old woman (in the house). Perhaps it was her mother. We Hved well. Our house was good. We were always warm in this our house. We had lots of food. I knew a great deal.^ (One day) five (people in) number (came) from the Umpqua River. They wanted (to buy) hides. They were buying hides, and bought a great many. Nowhere did I see many people. When I began to grow, I was very pretty. My heart was very glad when I began to grow up. Nowhere did I see people. Whenever their '^ (dual) hides accumulated (in great quantities), they two sold them. (The hides) would be packed and carried away. They two (sometimes) packed their (dual) own (hides), (for they) * This sentence was not finished. 5 For Liu'utsmE. " Uwa'-'us/iE. '' Probably those of her mother and that old woman whom she kept. I02 kotana't. Na'm'hnxan tF/q lAvIti'yusnK tK sfxa'. LqlanQi'ml yixf'. Tu'a't, tsi'klya )'i'ktax. Wa'~ ycT^'xa' tic hitc, s^a'tu' sfn^xya. L!ona'waxan.^ John Gamier xafi'. Yaga ~ pa^pa - (cor- 5 rectin<; herself) mita'tc hank! hitc.^ Na^m'^linxan tE'q tatc miia. had no horses. (Some of) our relatives would (sometimes) bring in a canoe a great quantity of hides. Of such (a size), very big. No matter how many people there were, (everybody) wanted such (hides). I am going to tell it.^ John Garnier had died. His father was like an Indian. •■ His mother was one of our relatives.* ' The narrator suddenly turns to another subject. 2 Chinook jargon. * The person in question was the son of a white father and an Indian mother. O 1 APPENDIX. The Man who married the Bird-Woman.^ Not far from the Smith River Falls there lived Old- Woman-Butter-Ball and her grandson. Her children had died long ago, and she and her grandson were in very poor circumstances. She was in the habit of going to Tide- Water, where she would catch salmon and dry it for winter use. As the boy grew up, she showed him how to make spears and how to catch salmon. The boy learned quickly, and was soon able to catch salmon, which his grandmother would cut and dry. One night the boy dreamed that he saw a very pretty bird perched on a rock way up on the Falls. Upon awakening, he found his grandmother crying ; and when he asked for an explanation, she said, "I heard you say in your sleep that you intend to leave me." The boy said nothing, but fixed his spear and went up to the Falls. He travelled a whole day, and went so far, that, when night overtook him, he could not get back to his grand- mother. So he lay down under a tree without having eaten anything for a whole day. As soon as he fell asleep, he dreamed of the same bird again, and was told that by going up to the Falls he would come into pos- session of untold wealth. In the morning he made a fresh start, and soon came within sight of the Falls. Approaching 1 Told by Louis Smith, a full-blooded Lower Umpqua Indian. [103] I04 nearer, he saw salmon in j^reat quantities ; but he did not attemjot to spear any, and kept on climbin*^ up. I laving- arrived at the very summit, he perceived a rock sticking out from the water, and on it was perched a pretty, little bird.^ He tried to spear it; but the bird was elusive, and soon disappeared in the Falls. Looking closer, he saw it in the water, and decided to dive after it. He dove down, and came to a house in front of which sat a pretty, young girl. The girl took him into the house, and introduced him to her parents as her husband. The house was inhabited by difterent kinds of animals. He saw there panthers, cougars, snakes, and other beasts. At first these animals were angry at him, because he was a stranger -, and the boy felt very uneasy, especially as he saw many human and animal bones piled up in one corner. But his wife dispelled his fears, and he soon made friends among his new relatives. The next day his father-in-law arranged a dance in his honor. Many people participated in it. The boy kept close to his wife, and hardly touched any of the food that was served in great quantities to the guests. At the termination of the dance the boy was told that he would have to go back to his people within five days. In the mean time his grandmother worried because of his prolonged absence, went down to the mouth of the Umpqua River, where some of her relatives lived, and asked them to help her look for her grandson. A large party set out in search of him, and he was soon tracked to the bottom of the Falls. The searchers were afraid, to go any farther, and proposed to give up the quest ; but upon the urgent appeal of the old woman, two young warriors started up the Falls, where they found the young boy's spear, but no traces of the boy himself. They ' Compare Coos Texts, p. 187. i05 brought back the spear, and even Old-Woman-Butter-Ball had to admit that her grandson was lost forever. In the mean time the boy and his wife were getting ready to leave. Before they started, the father-in-law gave him a whale for his people, and ordered his slaves to take it into the canoe. When they were ready to start, the woman said to him, "Jump on my back, and keep your eyes shut until I tell you to open them again." He did as he was ordered, and they began to travel so fast that he heard the wind whistle past his face. After a while they got into the canoe and began to travel on water. He heard the roaring waves beating against the riffles, but did not for a moment even open his eyes. Soon his wife told him, "Now you may look." He opened his eyes, and saw that they were on the ocean. They kept on travelling, and finally landed at Tsaxinitc,^ where they found the whale given to the boy by his father-in-law. The boy was so changed that his relatives did not recognize him. He soon sent for his grandmother, and invited all the people to partake of the whale that had come ashore during his journey. He arranged a feast consisting of dancing, shinny-games, and shooting at a target. During the progress of the feast he related his adventures to his people. At the end of his narration he was appointed chief of the tribe. The new chief did not stay long at Tsaxinitc. After a while he took his wife and grandmother and went to Winchester Bay, where he established his home. Some time afterwards the people whom he had left at Tsaxinitc decided to kill him. They sent some of their best warriors with instructions to kill him at any cost ; but every time they shot at him, he would dive into the water and emerge again untouched. Then the people ' A settlement situated five miles north of the Umpqua River bar. io6 knew that he possessed supernatural powers, and abandoned their designs upon his hfe.^ After a while he sent two Coots in all directions, instructing- them to gather together at Winchester Bay the people from all four quarters of the world. The Coots went everywhere, saying, "Butter-Ball invites you to come to his house." Pretty soon canoes began to come from all directions, loaded with all kinds of people. Butter-Ball had prepared a feast for them, and they played all kinds of games for five days. On the fifth day Butter-Ball told the assembled people that this was going to be his last day among them. He then gave them different names, changing them into all kinds of birds, whereupon he took his wife and left Winchester Bay. He has never been heard of since. ' The narrator was not sure that his memory of this episode was correct. VOCABULARY. The same causes that prevented me from collecting a sufficient number of native Lower Umpqua myths and traditions, also rendered the compilation of a complete and exhaustive vocabulary of this language an impossible task. None of the few informants that were available remembered enoug^h stems and words to enable me to compile a thorough dictionary of the two dialects that com- prise the Siuslaw linguistic family. An attempt, however, has been made to render this vocabulary as comprehensive as could be expected under existing conditions, by incor- porating into it, besides my own material, a collection of words and stems at the present writing in the possession of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Washington, D. C. This collection consists of short vocabularies obtained for the Bureau by George P. Bissell in 1881, by J. Owen Dorsey in 1884, and by Dr. John I. Milhau (date of collection not given). These vocabularies are reproduced here by permission of the Bureau of American Ethnology. Dorsey's material contains both Siuslaw and Lower Umpqua stems, while that of the other two investigators seems to be confined exclusively to the latter dialect. As is to be expected, the phonetic spelling of these early collectors differs materially from the one I had adopted ; this being especially true of Bissell's and Milhau's systems. I was therefore unable, in a good many instances, to transcribe [107] io8 into my own phonetic system words that were not familiar to me throuorh personal investigation ; and, rather than omit these words entirely, I put them down as they were written by their respective collectors, placing after them the initials B., D., or M. (abbreviations for Bissell, Dorsey, and Milhaii). To this vocabulary I have added, further- more, an alphabetical list of all the prefixes and suffixes found in the Lower Umpqua language, with the object in view^ of facilitating for the student the grammatical analysis of these texts. All words and stems are classed according to their initial sounds, and are arranged in the following order : E b, p, //, ;;/ a, a, a, a', a" d^ t, /', //, /', n c, c s, c I, i, a^ , y is, tc, ts\ tc\ ts! , tc! 0, 0, u, fe, a~' g, /;, ha, k\ k! , k!w 70, h q, qw, q!, q.'w I, 1-, t, L, l! The long diphthong a' has purposely been placed after the long I, because they frequently interchange. In a simi- lar manner a" follows the lonof u because of an identical interchange. The numerals that follow each word refer to page and line of the present volume. The Roman numerals that precede some of these references denote the type to which a verbal stem belongs, while numerals preceded by the section-mark (§) indicate the section in my grammatical sketch, mentioned in the Introduction. Thus, "1.80.6; i:^ 24" indicates that the stem belongs to the first class of verbs discussed in section 24 of the grammar, and that the example will be found on p. 80, line 6, of the present volume. I09 Lower Umpqua — English, ayaq-, see a'q- §112 awihin-, to lose I. § 24 a'hi, dung § 98 amina'ha"t tsxayu'"', noon amina'ha't qa'xl'si, midnight amha-, to be willing 1. 16. 4, 6; 20.7, 8; § 24 a'mha*tx, in the middle § 119 ata's, only, merely, simply 28.7; 29.7; 50.21; § 130 anax-, sec anx- § 112 a'nti, rainbow ants, that, those 7.1.2, 5; 8.6; § 115 ants, when, if {see nats) anx-, to give up, to let loose, to leave alone I.16.8; 27.5 ; 54.12 : § 24 anxi-, to sing II. § 24 as-, see a''s- §112 asut-, to put on I. § 24 aswit'I', blanket, cover § 98 a'cklaii, dubitative particle 42.9; 68.14, 15; § 127 ats, when, if, at that time 16.8; 18.5; i9.3;90.ii; § 120 a'tsa, thus, for that reason 15.5, 8; §§ 96, 121 atsi'tc, thus, in that manner 11.2,4; 17.4; §§ 94, 121 "k"ha'n, exhortative particle § 129 a'l'du, also, likewise 16.4; 22.8; 34.16-17; §§ 125, 135 at'q, one 18.7; 30.20-22 ; § 116 a'l'qxa"t, nine § 116 aq-, to take off 1.13,1; § 24 aq-, to run away I.52.10; 86.15 ; § 24 aL, now 72.23; § 126 aLu-, to pulverize I. § 24 a'sxa, also, too, likewise 30.22; 32.12; §§ 125, 135 a'tc-, to trade 1.36.4,7,16; § 24 a'q-, to leave 1. 56. 5-6, 17 ; 60.4; § 24 (evidently related to aq- to run away) a'qtcitcu'ni, (the) left § 102 a'xwi'yu, addition § 97 a"lal, then, afterwards 32.20; 34.3; 92.19; § 120 a''s-, to sleep, to dream I.23.9 124.1; §24 a"tc wa'as, Kalapuya language a^tci'yus, locative form of ^."tcl'^i 98.11- 12; § 86 a"'tcisi, camas 96.18, 20-21 ; 98. 12 ; § 105 inqla'i, inq.'a'a', river, creek 12.6; 30.20, 23; § 98 iiqQtmi', locative form of itqwa"'tEm § 86 itqwa^'tEm, root; alder-tree 92.5-6; § 105 liq-, to dig 1.80.6; 84.1-2,4; § 24 I'lqust, up-rooted § 66 I'Llust, broken {see yuL!- atid § 66) yEku's, locative form of ya%''s 62.2; 66.3; § 86 yau'wa, red huckleberries yaw-, to pick, to gather, to obtain 1.36.18; 88.5;94.i7; § 24 ya'k, black goose ya%"s, sea-lion 62.4, 7, 10; 64.1 yaqu'-, to look, to watch, to see II.9.1; 23-9; § 24 yax-, to see, to look I, IV. 13. 7; 20.10; 24-5; § 24 ya'xa", number 62.ii,i6;§97 (x^i? ya"'xa') yaxn-, to watch 1. 40. 23; § 24 {related to yax- see § 81) yalq-, see ilq- §112 yalqa'a", hole 84.6,9; § 97 I lO ya'tsa, a long time 1 1.3 ; 24.9; 72.10; § 120 ya'tsac iJa'"', after a while, long after- wards 42.3; 80.3; ^ 120 yak!-, small 29.4; 36.23 yil'^'xa, a great deal, much 10.6; 23.5; ya'xa', much, many 8.5-6; 16.6; ^121 yikt, big, large 25.2 ; 40.6 ; 48.8; ^ 104 yikt'a'ntxu tcmitq, thumb yiq!a"-, to split I. § 24 yixi", quantity 102.2; § 98 [see ya^'xa') yixum-, to look out, to watch 1. 94.1; § 24 {evidently related to yax-) yoqu'-, see yaqu'- yuw, see yavv- yuha"tc, day before yesterday yux", too, too much 12. i; § 121 yup-, to scare I. § 24 yii'sin, beard yu'qlat tsi'tlxa, half-moon {/iterally, split moon) yuL!-, to break 1. 94. 4; ^ 24 ya"'xa, fern-roots 80.18-19 ; 98.15 ya"'xa"s, locative form of ya°'xa ^ 86 "J, then, so, and, nevertheless, still, but, for 7.4 6; 8.6; 9.6; 13.5; 14.1 ; 15.7; §125 uma'li, discriminative form of u'mh § III u'mli, thunder 36.8; § 98 u'iti, snow 76.10; § 98 {sec wait-) a", interjection § 131 a""twa, tight waa-, to say, to speak, to talk, to tell I,lV.7.i-2,4;8.i;9.8; ^ 24 wa'as, language, word, speech 30.23; 32.5 wa', waha, again, once more 11.2,11; i9-5;38-8; §§ 126, 135 wan, now, finally, at last 7.4-7; 9.1 ; § 126 wasi.si-, to be angry, to be mad II. 36.1 1- 12; 50-23; ^ 24 watc, who, whoever io.i;4o.i5; ^ 123 wax-, to give 1.18.2,5; 19.3; ^ 24 wah-, to snow I. § 24 wa'nwits, long ago 14.7; 15. i; ^ 120 waqun-, to throw ujjdirt (of mole)I.96.i9; § 24 wap (B), eel-basket wa", even, although, in spite of the fact 14.1 ; 23.6; § 128 wi'naki, work § 98 winki-, to work 11. 50. 6; § 24 winx-, to be afraid, to fear 1. 17.6; 58.13; § 24 wi'cwic (B, M), buffalo witslu'we (D), food wikisa't, handkerchief wiJtc-, to send 1. 92. 19-20; § 24 wiya'a', smoke-hole § 98 wi'yu, still, yet § 120 wi'mitc, rat wi''taya, island 34.17 winu'-, to be willing I. ^ 24 wltsin-, to camp, to stay over night I. § 24 Willi-, to agree, to affirm I, IV. 17. 7; 30.11; § 24 wiL-, the water is low 1. 34.22; 36.17 ; § 24 wi'La', low tide § 98 WUS1-, to feel sleepy II. 26.1, 5; 40.1; 50.3; § 24 {related to a"s-) haya'mut, discriminative form ry"ha"mrit 60.22, 24; 72.12 ; ^ II I haya'na, discriminative from of ha''na 12.8; § III haya'tit, widow, widower hau-, to be ready, to make, to cpiit, to end, to finish, to become I, IV.S.ro; II. 4; 14.6; 23.10; 32.8; § 24 ha'us, easy 46.11 hawa'tsit, new § 104 Ill hami''tci, whale 82.4-5,7,9,21; § 98 hamitcu', locative form <'/" hami''tci 82.6; § 86 hamli^m, pigeon; hu'mun (D, B) hamts-, to dip out, to scoop out 1. 46. 6; § 24 hamx-, to tie 1.8.6; § 24 hant'-, to call by name 1. 58.16; § 24 han'nit!-, to believe, to trust 1. 46. 3; 78.1-2; § 24 hani's, Alsea ha'nhan, indeed, verily, sure enough 7-4,6; ii.5;3o.6; § 127 hank!, kind of, like 54.11 ; 70.15 ;§ 127 hask"-, to be outside, to get out 1. 62.1 5; § 24 hatca't, long, tall 48.2; 76.1 ; 92.21 ; § 104 hate'-, to ask, to inquire 1.66.16,23; 68.3; § 24 hak"-, to throw, to fall 1. 8. 7; 88.8; 90.12; § 24 ha'kwi, mussels 44.19; 82.2; ^ 98 hat-, to shout I.ii.ro; 13.11 ; § 24 hati'iqwun, loon haik!, halk!, story, tradition 38.18 ; 40.16 ha'nik, yes § 131 ha", heart, mind, opinion 8.4,9; ^°-^ ha'm (B), garters ha"mut, all 9.5; 10.9; § 124 ha"na, different 11. 2; 54.7; § 96 ha"'ni, vest § 98 ha"tsi, nothing but, only 78.14; § 130 ha'q, shore, away from the shore; {as verb) to go ashore 26.7,9; 44-i9; §119 ha"qmas, alongside of, near, close by 25-4;26.i;36.27; § 119 ha-wi'yu, shaft § 97 ha^vi's, beyond he, interjection 13.5; § 131 hi'yut (B), a silent person hin%!-, to rain 11.76,18-19,21; 78.1; § 24 hil'a'xwa, salt hi'a', clouds ^ 98 hims, clams 82.3 hi'tu, windpipe hitu's, locative form ^y hitc 25.3; 66.14; §86 hitu'tc, locative form of \\\\.c 7.5; 30.2; §86 hui-, to take along, to bring 1. 9. 5 ; 23.2; 25-1; § 24 hi'nak!', right away 20.1-2; § 120 hrnixLis, lame his, good, pretty, beautiful 23.7; 24.8; 38.21 hi'sa, well, straight 12.2, 7 ; 32.19; §96 hi's'tcu'ni, (the) right § 102 hi'catca, a little while 36.24; 64.8; §§ 96, 120 hits-, to put on 1. 11.7-8; § 24 hitsi's locative form ^y^ hitsi" 30.6; 48.7; § 86 hitsl", house, dwelling 25.2, 7 ; 48.9 ; § 98 hitc, man, person, people, Indian 7.1; 12.3,10; 102.5 hlq", wildcat 34.17; 70.24 hi'qu', hair 29.4; 34.16 hiq!-, to begin, to start, to commence 1,11.10.4; 15-1; § 24 hi'qia, dentalia shells, money 70.6; 74.19 hixt, wild § 104 h'yan- see hin- §§ 7, 112 h'yats- see hits- §§ 7, 112 h'yatc, discriminative form of \\\tc 13.10; 14-5; 15-2; § III h'ya'q", discrimijiativefor)nof\viC^ ri.ii; § III hyii'wax, old ho'nisi, dusk § 105 {see hun-) huya- (?), to change 19.2; 28.7 hu^n-, to be foggy, to be dark 1. 34.8-9; § 24 hutc-, to play, to have fun 1. 7. 2; 9.6; 17-3; § 24 hutca", fun, game 9.6; 10.5; § 98 hutcu'", fun, game ii.i;i6.6; § 97 hutcu'"', fun, game 8.5; 20.5; § 97 1 r 2 hu'qats, frog hux"-, to bark 1. ^ 24 hu'-, to be lost (?) 1.68.2,8; ^ 24 ha", yes, all right 21.8; 22.3-4; 98.2 ; § 131 hwu'nhwun, black ^ 109 {str hun-) biikvva'ct, bull ])Ena's, discriminative form of pEni's 86.7; ^ III pEiii's, skunk 86.1,3; 88.7 pEsa'x, spear 78.16 pEk"- see pak"- pEku", shinny stick 78.5; ^ 97 pEku'", shinny player, shinny game 70.18; § 97 pEku'"', shinny player, shinny game 70.7,9-10,17; § 97 })Eh'tc, ahead, in front, first 10. i; 32.18; paa"'"', sand-beach 34.14; § 97 p"a'yim, red fox payana'ts (D.B), bat pahu'"', codfish ^ 97 paqa"'ux, morning star pak"-, paku-, to play shinny ball 1. 9. 4; 70.4,7,9-10; ^ 24 pax-, to shut (one's eye) 1.36.16,20; § 24 pa'ltpa (B), shoulder pa'lquts, discriminative form of pi'tquts § III paLn-, paa'Ln, to hunt 1. 15.3; 82.17; §§ 12,24 pa'nu, well, spring [Lo^oer Umpqua term) pa'nqa, medicine-man, doctor (jYt'pinq-) pa'kwl, shinny stick § 98 {see paku-) pa '"last, spotted, grey § 104 pa'l'u, well, spring 76.12 §97 [Siusiaw term) pina'k (B), garden {probably borrowed from the Alsea pEni'k*, outside) pini'it, sharp ^ 104 jnnq-, to dance a medicine-dance 1.86. i ; § 24 ]ji'nqa', medicine-dance 86.4; § 98 })inq-, to raise I. § 24 pisni", a boil ^ 98 jjictci", tattoo-marks § 92 pi Ik (B), mat pi'iquts, raccoon 70.24 pin-, to be noisy, to make a noise I.29.1 ; 36.24; § 24 piCil-, to catch fish 1. 54. 22; § 24 pi'sij), fish-hawk prctcEm, summer 46.11; 54.2; § 105 pi'*tsis, ocean, sea, west 36.17; 44.1; 64.13 pitc-, to go over 1.88. 14 15, 18; §24 pi'tci, wave poq", revolver, gun pTi'tcin, halibut puk"- see pak"- pu'cjwe (D), grampus; porpoise (B) pu'puhu'nik!, owl puna'puna', mole 96.19; ^109 pu'ktici, grizzly-bear § 98 pu'tkna, to speak 1. 36. 5; § 24 psTx (D, B), soup pk'i'ti, lake 34.11, 13; 62.17-18; § 98 pxuc-, to fly, to scatter I. § 24 pxu"pxu', sorrel, yellow § 109 ptanya', see phi- phi-, to be sick, to be sorry 1.15.4,7; 40.20-21 ; § 24 ptnast, a sick person 86.15,19; 88.1; § 66 phii'si, sickness, cough § 105 plfxu'n, kinnikinnik-berries 82.1 pli'huts!, house-mouse p!ic, cat m^yo'^k's, in the beginning, at first 82.1 1 ; § 120 niEtci'tc, to one side, crooked 70.5; 94.2 ; § 94 {see mate-) niEkct, fat 90,16; § 104 niEkh', mother-in-law § 20 113 niEqlyu'", a dance, dancer 26.6; § 97 {see maq!-) ma'i, kidney § 98 maha''t'I, north wind § 98 mat-, to make dams, to dam up I.48.11; 50.12^13; § 24 man-, to take care of, to watch 1. 22. 2; 38.13; § 24 mate-, to be in a horizontal position 1.32.19,21; 36.27; § 24 ma'tcfi, bed § 97 maq!-, to dance II. 19. 2; 28.7; 72.10, 12-13; § 24 maxtc, horn, antlers make-, to burn 1. 25. 2, 6; 26.7; 29.3; § 24 ma'itcu, chimney, stove § 97 m^a'ti, chief, captain, leader 8.9; 10.2; § 98 ma'ti, dam 48.10; 50.4; § 98 {see n\d.t-) mat!!', elder brother 50.8-9552.9; §20 ma'q"L, crow 34.23 ; 36.6 mita, father 52.8; 54.22; § 20 mita'yus, locative form of mita § 86 mitiyu'", the art of making dams 48. 1 1 ; § 97 {see mat-) mitku-, to have pity on I.72.14; § 24 mitquni'q", raven mitla'sk'in, step-father 100.3-5; §§ 20,83 minni' (B), blaze mintc, when, time § 126 minq!-, to buy in exchange for II. 76. 3; § 24 minxu-, to lighten I.36.1 5; 38.5-6; §24 mi'n'xwi, lightning 38.2; § 98 misa'yus, locative form of misi'a' 40. 12-13 ; 92.20; § 86 misi'a', elder sister 40.11; 90.23; § 20 mictca'yus, locative form of mictci" § 86 mictci", younger sister 38.20; 40.2 ; § 20 mi'ck'la', a bad thing, a monster; vulva 26.5; 88.10; § 98 mi'tcmitc, grouse mixt, fat § 104 milt (B), claw 8 — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. miia, mother 54.23; 56.2; § 20 mila'yus, locative form of mila § 86 miiask'i'kma, step-mother §§ 20,84 Mi'sun, proper name mik"-, to cut I.82.14; 90.5, 7 ; § 24 mi'kia, bad, ugly 12.10; 14.1,7; § 96 mix-, to swim I. § 24 mittx, finger-nail ma^'q!", white-headed eagle ; rattle-snake (B, M) m'ya'k.'a, discriminative form of mi'k!a 15.2; § tti mo'luptsini'sla, coyote 30.1; 76.19,21 {Alsea loan-word) m^u'sk", younger brother 40.18; 56.6, 10; § 20 m^qwa L, locative form of ma'q"L 34. 2 1 ; ^(>-y, % 86 mu'a-s, white goose mun(i), son-in-law § 20 mu'smus, cow [Chinook Jargo/i) mu"sku'l"ma, step-brother §§ 20, 84 mu'xwa, oak mu'l'u, breech-cloth belt tE, this, these 7.5 ; 15.6; 18.8; § 115 tEma', exhortative particle 29.2; § 129 tEmu-, to gather, to assemble, to come together I.7.i,3; 5"^ ; 23.3 ; § 24 tEmu'"', assembly, gathering, crowd 16.7; § 97 tE'mniL, gopher tE'mk!wil"a, mullet tE'mxut, half § 124 tEkla'kLl, trap 100.4, 7 tE'q, something; relative 10.7; 13.2; 20.6; § 123 tE'qa'''na, locative form of tE'q 72.17; § 123 tEqyu'", frame 80.7,9; § 97 tEx, dubitative article 12.10; i5.7;46.22; § 127 tEx"m, strong 8.9; 10. i tExya', locative form of ta'xa' § 86 114 tExmil"a'mi, discrintinafivc form of tE.xmi'l-ma 76.15; § iii tExmu'ni, the strong one, male being, man 30.21-22 ; 32.3 ; §102 (jvr tKx"m) tExm"\va'ni, discriininath'e form of tExmu'ni 40.9-10; 58.7 ; § iii ta'wt (D, B), louse taha'nik, quiver 70,24 ta''mt, Siletz ta'knis (B), scalp Taqa'ya, proper name taqn-, to be full, to be satiated 1. 70.3; § 24 taq!i'vvi, brother-in-law § 20 ta'xtEm (B, M), body ta'xa', huckleberries § 98 ta'lits, after a while, later on 50.2; § 120 ta"k, this here 17.7 ; t8.i ; 32.9, 12; §115 {sec tE) ta'maxt, brother-in-law 50.20; § 20 ta'qan, locative for jii of tE'q 48.1 ; § 123 taqa"na, locative form of tE'q 18.5; 36.12; § 123 ta'qnis, full, crowded 25.2; 54.5 (sec taqn-) ta^'xa, sole of foot ta'la, money {C7ii/iook Jargon) ta'-, ti-, to live, to sit 1. 16.2 ; 25.4; 32.20; §24 ta"yu (B), hip ta"'wEx (D), horse {related to the Alsea tawa^'iyu) te'mxan, daughter-in-law § 20 tipu-, to be stiff I. § 24 ti'mwa, together 40.18; 54.1; § 121 timsqaya't, bitter, sour § 104 tint, ripe § 104 {sec tin-) titcno'tci (B), swallow tiL, a while 58.19; § 126 tiyu'"', inhabitant, settler 24.4: § 97 (see ta'-) tiu'ts, there 17.3; § 119 tl'ta', chair, saddle §§ 98, 109 {see ta'-) tin-, to ripen I.96.9;98.7; § 24 tinl, niece, step-daughter § 20 tl'tcni (B, M), forehead trk, here 25.3: 56.19; § 119 ta'k, here 56.5 6, 16; § 119 t"vvatc-, see tu'tc- § 112 to'x"s (B), ceiling tukteni'uk (B), black-bird tu'ktuk, deaf § 109 tu, tua', that one 88.12; 90.23; ^115 tii'a't, such, that kind 102.2: ^ 115 tuha-, t!uha-, to buy, to sell 1.74.5,8, 17-18; 76.6; 100.19; § 24 tuhatca^'mu, store § 103 tuti'm, over there 72.3; § 119 tu'n-, to invite 1. 16. 2; § 24 tu'tc-, to spear 1. 8. 7 ; 56.15 ; 62.2; §24 tuqa'tmE, over there, across § 119 tuqya'a", up-stream 32.21 {related to tqa"wi-) tkunt (B), shag tkum-, to close, to shut, to dam \\\> 1,48.8; 50.4,13; 78.3; § 24 tkuma'a', door § 98 tkwam-, see tkum- § 112 tk\va''tsi, i)encil, ink, mark § 98 {see kuts-) tkwi'-, to bury, to cover with dirt 1. 40. 22 ; 80.10; § 24 tqati'yat, dear, expensive § 104 tqaL-, to be warm I. ^ 24 tqa'wi, roof § 105 tqa'ti, hook § 98 {see qat-) tqa"'wi, up-stream 54.23 ; 56. 8, 12 tqu'ni, smoke § 98 \see tquni-) tcj^nL-, to urinate I. § 24 tquni-, to smoke {intransitive) 1. 29. 5: § 24 tqut-, to shout 1,52.8; 76.16-17 ; § 24 tqu'-, to boil by means of rocks 1. 98. 3 ; §24 t(j"u'nlis (D), yellow {Siiislaw term) tqluts (D), paint t(i!a"'wi, ceiling § 98 115 txa'n*^, tracks, path, road 48.22; 56.10, 13-14; 84.1,3 txu, just, merely, simply 11.9; 12.1; 42.2; 46.11; § 130 t'ix, tooth 90.19 t'u'nixyu, pocket § 97 t'xuli't, straight § 104 t.'Emxu-, to cut into two I.48.12 ; 52.23- 24; § 24 t!Em}', to close, to shut I. § 24 t!amc, infimt, child 30.23; 34.6 ; 40.19 t!a't, nephew, step-son § 20 tlatla'^c, wren t!a"'sits!i, maternal uncle § 20 t.'ax-, to try, to attempt 1.50,14, 19 ; § 24 t!ilmis (D), child {Siuslaw term) t!l, brown bear 12.4; 34.16 t.'iya", discriminative form of \}a 12.3; 58.14; § III tli'wax, new, fresh tli'wist, sunset t!i'sa, greasy, fat 82.8; § 96 tl'yas'yu'"', grease, blubber 82.5 ; § 97 t'a'ntuq!wi, moccasins, shoes § 98 t'i'ti (B), pestle t'!a'l-t'!al-, tongue § 109 na, I 21.3,6,8; 22.1 ; § 113 na, interrogative particle 74.7; § 131 na'han, 1. 19. 9 ; 20.2 ; 40.14; § 113 nam'^t (= na-Eml), my 20.6; 21.2, 5; § 114 na'm''tTta"xun, our t'wo (exclusive) § 114 na'm'litin, my 36.13; § 114 na'm^iitins, our two {inclusive) § 114 na'm'^titinxan, our {exclusive) § 114 na'm'lit'nl, our [iuclusive) § 114 na'm'Jin, my § 114 na'm^iins, our two {inclusive) § 114 na'm^iinxan, our {exclusive) 102.1,5; § 114 na'm^ilnl, our {inclusive) § 114 na'm^iixiin, our two {exclusive) § 114 nans, we two {inclusive) § 113 na'nxan, we {exclusive) 72.6; § 113 nant, we {inclusive) § 113 nats, if, when 22.1; 29,7-8; § 121 {see ants) natc, to me, on me, for me, with me i2.2;44.5-6; § 113 na'tca^xun, to us two {exclusive) § 113 na'tc^ns, to us two {inclusive) 52.13; § 113 na'tc*'nxan, to us {exclusive) § 113 na'tc'nl, to us {inclusive) § 113 naqu-, to be cold 1.76.10,20; § 24 na'waq, crab naku- . . . ha', to be sorry I. § 24 nakwayat-, to be poor, to be down- hearted 1,11.66.17; 68.11 ; 76.19; §24 nat-, to start out, to start again 1.68. 10; 92.8; § 24 na^'xian, we two {exclusive) 36.15; § 113 ni'ctca, particle 15.7 ; 16.2 ; 40.16; § 131 nictcama"nat'a, differently 9.3,6; 24.4; nictcanu'wisi, year 92.12, 14, 16, 19; 98.17; § 105 {see nictcinu-) ni'ctcim, because 18.8; 21.5; §128 nictcima^mu, custom, fashion, manner, event 29.9; 36.28; 38.11; 54.11; § 103 nictcinu-, -spring, fall arrives 1.98.5,15; § 24 ni'ctci, particle 12.10; § 131 nictci'tc, in what manner, what, any- thing, for what reason 17. i, 7-8; 18.3; 30.17; § 121 {see nictca) nits-, to stiffen 1,90.13; § 24 nictx, particle 94.20,26; § 131 ni'ctxan, particle 58.11; § 131 ni'ctca, particle 48.3; 52.2; 90.12; 94.13; § 131 ni'kia, alone 62.14; 94.11; § 96 ni'qiu, age, year § 97 ni'xamlitinx, thy § 114 1 16 ni'xamhtits, your two § 114 ni'xamlit'tci, your § 114 ni'xamHnx, thy ^114 ni'xamJits, your two § 114 ni'xanihtci, your § 114 nix"ts, thou 22.3; 50.16; § 113 ni'xats, you two § 113 ni'xats'tci, ye § 113 nix"tc, to thee, on thee, for thee, with thee 12.5,7; 13,5; 21.8; § 113 ni'xatc'ts, to you two ^ 113 ni'xatc'tci, to you § 113 niL, meat no'qma (D, B), mud 'n'kl'nk!, soft § 109 s'a, he, she, it, that one 10. i ; 16.7; § 115 s'anx, they, these 72.1; §§ 24,115 s''as, he, she, it, that one {discriinuta- tive form) 15.3; 18.8; § 115 s^a'tsa, thus, in that manner, for that reason 7.4, 6; 8.7 ; 20.8; § 121 s'atsl'tc, thus, in that manner 8. r-2 ; 9.8 ; 21-3; §§94, 121 s'^a't, such, that kind i5.i;44.5; §115 s'a'tu', locative form ^/sVt 62.6 ; 102.2 ; § 86 s'a"na, locative form of s'k 15.4; 26.6; § 115 s\a'na'mi, his, her, its § 114 sVna'mitc, his, her, its 36.14; § 114 s''a'na'mitc"ax, their two § 114 s'a'na'mttc'nx, their § 114 s''a"nanx, to them § 115 s'a"na"x, to them two 54.12; § 115 s"a"x, they two 98.9; § 115 sExa"', locative form of si'xa' 34.5,7; 48.18; § 86 si'ama (D), parting of the hair sima'x", landing-place sinia'x''s, locative form (^/sima'x" 48.2 1 ; § 86 si'na"wi, grouse § 105 sinq!-, to be hungry 1. 44. 11, 16; 46.4; § 24 sinxi-, to want, to like, to desire II. 1 1.7,9 j 15-5; 52.13; § 24 si'skuk (B, M), blue sixni'tx, jealous si'-, to grow {intransitive) II. 98. 10; loo.ir, 17 ; § 24 si'ya'a", growth 98.6; ^ 97 si'yuk", murderer si'pl (B), scraper sI'xa', canoe, boat 56.5-6162.3; § 98 siL.'-, to swim I. § 24 sowa"xwa (B), throat s"ut!, pain s"kwl'tc, very, exceedingly 16.10; 58.3; §§ 94,12 1 sut!-, to throw I. ^ 24 sun-, to dive I.64.21; ^ 24 suq"-, to join 1.80.9,13; § 24 swal, grizzly bear swal, discriminative form of )r,\\x\ \^.2 \ 94.9; § HI s''a.'ya hitc, murderer s''a't, big, old 92.18; § 104 s''u'q!wi, neck § 98 smut'-, to end, to finish 1. 8. 8; 9.1 ; 14.6; § 24 staq-, to kick I. § 24 stimj there 25.3; 28.9; § 119 stimk, there 30.18; 70.10; § 1x9 sku'qlnis, green, blue sku'x"-, to cut off I. %2\{Siuslaw ter7n) skwa'- to be in vertical jjosition, to stand I, IV 10.9 ; 14.4; § 24 skwi'lLa, salmon-basket skwi'', curlew skwi'nkwi (B), girdle sqans, skin, body sqa'tEm, from there 34.3; 58. 22; § 119 sqa'k, there 14.6; 23.6; § 119. squ'ma, pelican 44.1, 11; 46.3 squma', discriminative form of S(iirma 44-17; 46.2; § III 117 sLox"-, to descend, to slide down 1. 1 2.6 ; ca'ya, penis 90.13-14,17-18; 92. t CayucLa'a, native name of the Siuslaw tribe and river 68.6 ciwi'wu tExmu'nyEml: (I)), widow ciwi'wu qasLi'watEm (D), widower ciwi'wu qiutcE'mt (D), widower cini'Ltxu, upper lip § 97 cintc-, to move in a circle I. § 24 ci'ntcata, in a circle ^ 96 cinxi-, to think II. 12. 4; 17.6; 36.24; § 24 cil'x-, to move, to shake 1.27.2-3,9; 54-155 § 24 citx-, to flop 1.36.23; § 24 ci'n"x, three 62.12,16 ; 80.14; § 116 ci'nax qta'max, eight § 116 c'yatx, see citx- § 112 cuc^wa'an, roast 90.12-14,18 c"x"-, to drive away 1. 56. 11; § 24 cii'kwa, sugar (^English loan-word) cko'tc, hill, mountain 12.9; 13.2; 46.10 ckl'an, mink cqaw-, to stir, to roll 1. 92. 7; § 24 cqaxtc, dog {Siuslaw term) tsEha"'ya, grass 8.6; 34.11 tsEha"'ya's, locative form of tsEha"'ya § 86 ts^'a'nik", yellow-hammer tsami'tsEm, chin § 105 tsan, when, if 62.21; 74. 8; § 131 {sec ants a)id nats) tsa'sqin, discriminative form of tsi'sqan 13.8; § III tsax", slave 76.3 tsali'swahi, hail, beads (?) § 98 tsana'xL, crane, heron tsa'nxa'ts, yesterday §120 tsa"%!its, ant tse'taha (B), ankle tsiyi'ktsiyi'k, wagon [Chinook jargon) tsim, always 15.5; 34.1; § 120 tsima'st, any kind of a place 66.6; 68.3; § 66 tsimi'l'a, muskrat 48.6; 50.5-6 tsi'muqwi, back tsimni'L, snail tsi'mqma, some people, neighbor, rela- tive 72.19; 78.10; 82.16 tsiti'', sand-beach § 98 tsitiyu's, locative form (7/tso'ti 46.15; §86 tsi'nExma, half 60.16, 25-26; § 124 tsinax-, see tsinx- § 112 tsi'nixt, half 36.17 ; 60.22 ; § 124 tsini'', back § 98 Tsini'Ltsini'L, proper name 50.15; 52.1 {Chinook "muskrat") tsino'kwa (B), vein, artery tsinq!-, to be poor I. § 24 tsinq!t, poor i6.ro; § 104 tsinx-, to scorch II. 88. 7; § 24 tsi'sqan, deer 13.9; 34.11 tsiLt, thick § 104 tsit- .... ha", to be glad 1. 8. 4; 72.18; § 24 tsi'tixa, moon, month tslk", foot tsi'kwi (D, B), leggings, petticoat tsi'klya, very, very much 13.9; 14.2-3; 17-6; §§ 96, 121 tsi'qtax, robin tsila'li, woodcock, (D) vulture, (B) king- fisher tsiL!, to shoot 1.8.6; 10.3; § 24 tsi'Lli, arrow 15.8; 16. i ; 50.7 ; § 98 tsya'mu, paint § 97 tso'akwe (B, M), neck tso'ti, waves, breakers § 98 tsunni'ox (D), back of the head tsun (B), fishing-basket tsu's, rotten tswa'si, frost § 105 tsmiqn-, to steal I. § 24 tsmi'x"un, chipmunk Tsnau'amiLa, proper name tsna'wi, bone § 105 ii8 tsxayu"", day, sky, weather, sun 7.3; 64-13,15; § 97 (-^^^' tsxa'-) tsxay"\va'\vi, discrimitiative form of tsxayu'"' 72.14; § III tsxayuwint, daybreak {sec tsxa'-) tsxan-, to comb one's hair I. § 24 tsxa'nwi, a comb § 105 tsxa'-, to shine 1. 48. 9; 50.3; § 24 tsxa's, space between knuckles tsxuna'piJ, discriminative form of tsxu'npLi 94.6; § III tsxu'npLi, coyote 76.1 7; 88.9; § 98 tsla'we (D), bone {Siuslaiv term) tc'a'tis, willow tcaitci'tc, somewhere, anywhere 34.25: 36.1; 48.2; § 131 {sec tea) tca'ptcl, water-lizard § 98 tca"n-, to lean back, to lie on back 1. 90. 10; § 24 tcanhat-, to hit with a club 1. 86. 9; § 24 tcaq-, to spear I.56.19 ; 68.8, 18; § 24 tcaxu-, tcaxu-, to go back, to go home I.16.5; 30.14; 58.5-6; § 24 tea, where, somewhere, anywhere 34.4, 9 ; 48.2; § 131 tca''titc, woodpecker tca-'xan*-, flower tcalo'x, navel tca"k'-, to raise, to hold uj) one's head I.13.4; § 24 tcia'L (B), infant tciya''tcin, leg above knee tcimtca'mi, axe 27.10; 28. i ; 29.1 tcin-, to wait I.36.21; § 24 tcinEki", knuckle, wrist, ankle § 98 tclna'ta", discriminative form ^/"tci'nta" II. 6; § III tcinu-, to i)ack, to carry by means of forehead-strap 1. 100.20; § 24 {related to tcin-) tcint, which one, whoever, whatever, how much, how many 7.3 ; 38.10 ; 48.2 ; § 123 tci'nta", whichever, whatever 24.7; 36.18; § 123 tcixni'nE, raccoon 76.17-18,20-21 tci, water 36.17,20; 64.24; ^ 98 tciyu'sin, tobacco tcl'wa, locative form of tci 32.19,21; 346; § 86 tci'ha'tc, one-sided, crooked 72.2; §94 tclman-, to watch 1. 28. 3; § 24 {related to man-) tci'tit, fire-drill tcit'-, the wind blows 1. 94. 5-6; ^ 24 tci't'i, wind § 98 tcin-, to go back 1. 7. 7.; 12.10; § 24 tclstx, hazel-wood tci'tcLni (B), post, wall tcik, where 25.1; 34.2; § 1x9 tci'k.'yacL.'a'", sometimes, some time afterwards 44.10-11; 84.8; § 120 tci'xun, bladder tciL, hand 50.18 tcu'x"s, vulva 90.11,16 tcu, exhortative particle § 129 tcma'nl, cousin 40.24; 42.6; ^ 20 tcmi'tq", finger tcmitqu"", ring § 97 Tcqu'yal, proper name ts'i'-, to kill 1.46.5-6; 82.17; § 24 ts'ims, own, self 46.1; 88.11-12; § 123 ts'ibmu't, friend 23.4; 24.2 ts'u'xtits, early in the morning 40.9,20; § 120 {probably related to tsxa'-) tc'ic-, , . ha", to disbelieve 1. 40.13; § 24 Tc'ukukq' (D), proper name ts!a'xan, stomach Tsla'liba, Umpqua River tslaln, pitch 24.1; 26.6 tsli'nEhi, thread § 98 tsll'nyuxa, bee, wasp tslyanx, skunk-cabbage 80.20 ts!'yu'sni, eyebrow tslu'xpi, sinew 119 ts!u"m, star 40.2-3,5-6,15 tslu'xwl, spoon § 98 tslxat'a't', blackberries 60.20 tc!at!u-, to look on I. § 24 tclhac"-, to be glad 1. 23. 3; 27.1; § 24 tcha"c-, sec tc!hac"- § 12 tclhutc-, to break (transitive) I. § 24 k^a'nl, bucket 90.21; § 98 k'at, how many § 124 kamL, grandmother 96.21-22; 98.2; §20 kapo', coat {Iwrrozued from the French through the medium of C hi fiook Jargon) kati', emphatic particle 64.8; § 131 kati'xti, emphatic particle 64.12,16,23; kast-, to wake up, to get up 1. 28.1; 40.9; § 24 kala'ntc (B), berry-basket kapq, pupil of the eye ka"'wil, fish-basket ka"x", wood kimuL-, to hit, to strike (with fist) I. § 24 ki'tlwi, scales § 100 [sec ki'k'it) kic'tkin {D, B), humming-bird ki'k'it, heavy ii.9;i2.i; § 104 kiluwa'L (B), young man, young woman, virgin, boy kit, particle denoting surprise 46.18; § 127 kitu-, to weigh I. § 24 kix*s, ten 8.1, 3; 34.8; § 116 kix*'s ki'xestim, hundred § 116 kl'ka^ (B), hoe kopx, eye 36.14,16,20-21 ko'tan, horse 34.9-10; 102. i [Chinook jargon) k", perhaps, maybe 48.18; 56.20; § 127 kumi'ntc, no, not 8.10; 11.9; ^ 131 k"na, dubitative particle 20.8 ; 21.7 ; 56.8; § 127 k-sin-, to whistle I. § 24 k"tsa', paper, book [see kuts-) k"tsu'"', saliva § 97 ku'mit!, spider ku'n-, to lower one's head, to bend down I.I 1.9; 13.5; § 24 ku'n-, to beat (in games) 1. 72. 17 ; 78.18; §24 ku'cu, hog [borrowed from the French through the medium of Chinook Jargon) kuts-, to paint, to write I. § 24 kutsa'yEm hitsi'', post-ofiice ku'tsi, mamma ku''tciyu, sea-otter § 97 ku'la, parent-in-law kaV, to follow 1.92.3,7; § 24 ku', no, not 11.3; 20.7; § 131 ku' ya'tsac Lla'"", after a while, not long afterwards 7.7 ; 8.8; 20.5 ; § 120 ku' xyabx, pretty nearly, almost 10.9; II. I ; 66.25 ; § 121 kmu'ku, pipe-stem § 97 kna'-, to lean against I. § 24 ksa'mi (D, B), fish-hook kcikyu'"", wall § 97 kii'nu, ladder 80.12; § 97 kiLa'' (D, B), a light kwa'"'n-, see ku'n- § 112 k'was-, see ka"s- § 112 kwiyu'cnayatc, caterpillar kwina'cin, gall kwine't'o (B), palate kwi'si (B), rafter kwitsoma't (B), twins kwi'was, discriminative form of kiwi'yos S III kwin, tidewater weeds So. 20 kwini'ntxu, throat [evidently related to Coos kiwints) kwls-, to wake up, to be awake L27.4; 29.2; 40.9; § 24 kwi''ku, white pelican kwll-, to die out, to extinguish (of fire) I. § 24 I 20 k'ama's (D), brush k'a'pi (D, B), liver (of fish) k'qwe'ne (D), rump klTi'pi, mosquito kl^'ui, to-morrow 60.2; § 120 k!a'-, to invite 1. 16. 3; 17.9; ^ 24 kla'yak, eagle k!ap-, to be dry (of water) 1.36.18,22; 38.2; § 24 kla'pa", tlry condition of water, low tide 38-3; § 98 klani'ck!, cup k!a'l"apu, navel § 97 kla'yak!}, eagle klala'piciwa, butterfly klalatu'", k!alatu'"', fair, festival 88. 2, 5-6; § 97 k!aiu-, to be tired I.36.21; § 24 k!in-, to hear, to understand 1.32.5,9; 50.10; ^ 24 k!i'nhackwun, dress k!ex, k!lx, each, every 7.2,4; 24.4; 49.19; § 124 kli'ntckwis, crooked k!ink'i-, to go and look for II. 16, 1-2; 56.17,20: § 24 k!ix-, to disppear 1. 18.8; 28.3; § 24 kl'yax, discriiiunativc form ^^/klex §111 k!6°xwi, gnat § 105 klu'mEli, bridle § 98 k!ux"-, to cut I. § 24 klu'win-, ice appears 1.76.10,13-14; 94-2-3; § 24 klifwi'nl, ice 76.14-15 ; 94.3 ; § 98 k!ul-, to scare I. § 24 kl'sa't, to-day 38.16; § 120 kiwi'act, proud § 104 klwi'yos, dog t^Coos loan-word) qaa-, to be inside, to enter 1. 27. 3; 34.5; 444; § 24 Qa'a'tc, proper name 32.18 ((ay"na'ts, locative form of qayu'"'nts 62.7, 11,15; § 86 qayu'"'nts, stone, rock qayu'tc, discriminative form of qi'utc 50.1; 58.17; § III qa'winti, qa'w''nti, on both sides, mutu- ally 80.8, II ; 86 2; § 124 (lami'Lis (D) head (Siusla^v term) qat-, to hook 1.64.6-7,9; ^ 24 qa'ta' (D), shark qa'timx, six § 116 qa'tltc, across the river 80.16; § 119 qatx-, qatx-, to cry, to weep 1. 58. 15, i7,25;68.i5; § 24 qanistci'tc, downwards 12.6,9; 84.5; § 94 {sec qa'n) qani'nai, knife 19.6; 21.4 qa'nni, face qantc, where 38.10; 66.16 {Coos loan- word) (|an'x, soot qa'sqas, stiff, hard § 109 qasLi'u, husband 40.3; 48.20; § 97 qatcu-, to drink I.76.11-13; § 24 qa''tcux, water-carrier qatcn-, to start, to go I, IV 8,2 ; 1 2.1; 15-3; § 24 qa'kwix, ear {evidently related to qa^iu^n-) qaqu'n-, to hear, to listen 1. 30.1 8; 36.23; § 24 qaqwa'n-, see ([aqu'n- § 112 qaxan-, down, below 8.10; § 119 qa'xi, chicken-hawk § 98 (laxun-, up, above, high, loud 8.7 ; 12.4; 34.21; 94.3; § 119 qall'nal, knife 50.19. ^^6' qani'nal qa'lni (D), face {Sitislaw term) qa'lxa, bread qal'tc, knife (small) 78.21 qaLx-, to count I.8.5; 62.8.1 1 ; § 24 qa'wi, blood § 98 qa'min, fisher qatk, from here, hence 604; § 119 qaqa", shirt § 98 121 qa'xat, fish-net qa'-, to tie, to fasten 1. 34.6-7 ; § 24 qa'u'tc, mouth of the river, bay 62.17-18; 80.17; § 119 qa'wa'a", down the river, mouth of the river 80.6; § 119 qa'han-, far 10.3 ; 12. i ; 56.8; § 119 qa't (B), mortar qa'n-, deep §119 qa*nu-, to get tired waiting, to wait in vain 1.58. 1 1 ; § 24 qa'x-, it is dark; (as nouns) darkness, night 1.34.4; 38.21; § 24 qa'xi'si, darkness, night § 105 qa'xq-, east qa"xqax, a Kalapuya Indian § 10 1 qa'i, exhortative particle 27.6, 8 ; 52.12; § 129 qa''qa"'ni, trinket-basket qa"x, high, up, on top, above 76.14; 80.9; § 119 qa'''xax m'a'tl, god qa"'xun, high, up, above, loud; sky 32.18; 34.1; 36.12; 92.22; § 119 qa-Jiu, bark 90.8; § 97 qe'sLiq, brain qiya'yaq, dog-salmon qina'x"us, armpits qiu-, to pass 1. 92. 8 ; § 24 qiu'nEm, winter 78.5; 80.18-20 ; § 105 qi'utc, woman, wife 40.18; 48.17 qiutciba'mi, discriminative form of qiutci'1-ma 96,2,12; § iii qiutcu'ni, woman, female being 30.21—22, 24; 32.3; § 102 qlutc"wa'ni, discriminative form of qiutcu'ni 54.12; 58.4; § in qo'mi, belly qo'min, quahog 82.3 qoc'x, black swan qo'qoq, white swan qoq", knee qo'x^m, out in the water, offshore 34. 6-7; 443; § ^19 qo'xm's, locative form ^/ qo'x"m 52.2; § 86 qoLi'si, milk § 105 q"ha'qwi, broom § 105 qun'-, to open (door) I. § 24 q"na'quL, feathers q''na'°x, eggs, acorn q"na'"x iqa"'tu, hazel-wood q"nitl", perforation in the ear § 98 q"cilt"-, to neigh I. § 24 q^ci'ct, thin § 104 q"tsini'*, a cut § 98 q"la"Lq"la''L, otter § 109 q"Limi't, locative for ni ^'/q"Li'mt 94,20; § 86 q"Li'mtc, dull q^Li'mtc'ns, dull q"LT'mt, anus 86.9; 88.7 qu'LquL, white 40.10-11; § 109 q^Lir'tc, otter 54.6-9 q"L!'ya'tc, discriminative form (yq"L!i"tc § III qu'-, qu'i-, qo'i-, south qu't'-, to dream I.68.21; § 24 Qu'itc, native name for Umpqua tribe and river 100.15 qu'n-, to pour I.29.2;96.7; § 24 qpa'yax, an Alsea Indian § loi qpa'-, north qna'we (D, B), intestines qnu'-, to find 1. 34.12; 56,9; § 24 qsi'i, pigeon-hawk qtsi'nqtsin, blue, green § 109 qtsi, inside § 119 qtsi'*, head-louse qla'-, to get even with, to even up 1.42.2; § 24 qLl''qa', west wind § 98 qLow-, high tide 36.6 qLo'wa', high tide § 98 qwa'yu (D), tongs qwa'n-, see qu'n- § 112 qwaxtc-, to go into the w^ater, to enter I 22 a boat, to go down to the river II. 34.15:48.18-19; § 24 qwiya'nu, fly qwlmts, potatoes qwoa'txa', discrimiiiatirc form of (jwo'txa' 52.4; 54.9; ^ III qwo'txa', beaver 48.6, 9, 1 7 ; 50 ; 5 ; § 98 qwuhi'nihi, trousers qwunaxi", cheek § 98 q!Exa"yu'"', sahiion season 82.12; § 97 q!a'rt, pitch 25.5; 88.6 q!ai'nik", oysters qla'tcti, cedar § 98 qla'xa^xt, wolf 13.2 ; 34.17 q!a'rx, flour q!a'*pi, liver q!a'xa"xt, discriminative form r)/q!a'xa"xt 12.8; § III q!a"sintT, elder sister 92.17; § 20 q!a"'it!, flea q!ima'ts, sweat-house q!a', rat q!"ya''tis, lazy ql^ya-'ql-xe', mirror, window, glass ql'ha'itEx, ashes 86.13 q!"hi'ni, anus q!"ci'n, robin q!uni", salal-berries 60.20; ^ 98 q!u'p-, to twinkle 1.36.14; ^ 24 qlni'swa, bluejay qlwa'ax, grave q!win-, to tie hair in a knot I. § 24 qlwl'ni, knot (in hair) 70.8 (j!wul'i's, trout x'a'La (i-'a'lax, bread x'aLa iq!a'nu, buckskin xau-, to die I, IV.15.5, 7 8; 16.8; 20.8; § 24 xayu'sL, term of relationship ^20 xa'pni, knee-cap xamL-, to wash I. § 24 xatk-, to fall backwards, to tumble flat 1.90.9; ^ 24 xaln-, to ascend, to climb up I.12.4; 62.7; § 24 xa'tslu, two 30.23; 32.1; § 116 xa'tslu qta'max, .seven § 116 xa'tslun, four 40.23; 84.8-9; § 116 xait!, red squirrel xaL-, to miss I, § 24 xaiJ-, to make, to do, to fix 1. 15.5; 50-8; § 24 xa"tsEra, woman's basket § 105 xa'tc-, xatc-, to roast 1. 90. 8, 14; § 24 xa'tca'a", a roast 90.9; § 97 xa"w-, to come out (of water), to appear on the surface 1.64.8,13,17,23; § 24 xiya'- (?), to take away, to catch 1. 54. 7; 82.14; § 24 xip-, to split wood I. § 24 xint-, to be in motion, to start, to go 1.20.3; 23.1; § 24 xintm-, to travel 1. 12. 10; 13.3; 14.3; §§ 24, 81 xibyci-, to work II. 48. 10; 50.3; § 24 xil'xcyu'", work, the art of working 52.23,26; § 97 XI, particle 127 xyabx, almost, pretty nearly 12.1 ; § 121 xuwis-, to want I. § 24 xumc-, to be in sight, to apjjroach 1.23.2; 64.1; § 24 xumL-, to cut I. § 24 xunh-, to bet I.70.6-7, 10; 78.8; § 24 xu'nha', stake, bet 70.7; 78.15— 16; §98 xu'.sxus, naked § 109 {sec xus"-) xun-, to snore 1. 27. 9; 28.1; § 24 xus"-, to take off 1. § 24 xnrn-, to do, to accomplish I, IV. 9. 7; 10.5; II. 11; ^ 24 xwa'tsi, corpse, a dead man xwa'xuL, foam xwa'ka, head 29.5; 70.5 xwakT-, locative form c/ xwa'ka 28.6; § 86 123 xwil!-, to return, to come back 1. 12.6- 7,9; S 24 xwu'tcni, tail lam-, to drink I. § 24 la^mutcya'x, a drunkard §§ 52, too laq"-, to boil I.27.7 ; 96.T, 3 ; § 24 lam, whiskey {sec lam-) limi'tx, drunk {see lam-) loq"-. see laq"-, I'Ep'i's, rope 64.10 bi'mtas, leggings lawat-, to gamble I. § 24 ta'watya"x, a gambler § 100 lak"-, to take, to get, to obtain, to fetch, to seize 1. 7.5; 21.3 ; 27.10; 44.2; § 24 laquwa', herring 82.24 la'qtaq, board 80.7; § 109 Ian- see \n- la"qat, feather 10.9; 11. 7 ii'pxan, niece, cousin 92.15,17; § 20 {see lip) tima'lim, blind § 109 timi'itci, matches limn-, to be behind I. § 24 limni'tc, behind, second 40.2 ; 50.7 ; § 94 tinq!-, to be warm 1. 100.13; § 24 liyax-, a little while 27.5; §§ 126, 135 lip, nephew § 20 limi'sk'in, grandson § 20 lit!-, to eat I.13.10; 14.5 ; 15.2 ; § 24 irt!a', food, provisions 13.7; 34.6; § 98 iin, name 13.2,6,10 {see in-) ii'tc't, cougar 13.3, 5 534. 18 li'xtsni.si, small-pox § 105 I'yat!- see lit!- § 112 I'ya'tc't, discriiiiinativc form of li'tc't 134; § III lok"-, see lak"- lu'ptci, silver-side salmon fTrnt, orphan lpaa"qwa, hand lpa'a"t, shoulder Ipa'an, wings tpi'nat, birds, duck ipu'qwi (D, B), feathers ItEko'n, grand-daughter 96.18, 24; 98.6; § 20 l:tEk°wa'n, discriminative form ^'/ItEko'n 96.15; 98.20; § III It'i'a', fish, salmon 46.6; 48.15, 18; 50.1; §98 In-, to call, to interpret 1. 23. 7; § 24 ina'wa (D), toe tnawit'u'"', wealth, riches § 97. See I'na""' Inat, always, continually 13.3; 34.21; § 120 Ina"'"', rich, chief 76.3; 86.4 Inu, outside, outdoors 38.21-23; § 119 tnl-, to interpret, to explain I. § 24. See In- Itsa'k!, spur itcin-, to call {Siuslaw term) Itci'xa, rattlesnake ikima%', seal § 98 tkuni'hat, arm, elbow ikwa''wisk'in, posthumous child Ikwa'ni, pipe {see Ikwun-) ikwa'nuq", hat {Siuslaw term) Ikwi'lowi, bull-frog ikwun-, to smoke {transitive) I. § 24 Ikwuna'atsu, living coals § 97 ik!a-, to open one's mouth I.28.2;96.i; § 24 lk!anu'k", screech-owl 86. 1-2 lk!an"wa'k", discriminative form of Iklanu'k" 86.3,6388.1; §111 Ikli'a', mouth of the river 66.11,14; 80.17; §98 lk!i'ha", mouth of the river 62.18: 66.9, 11; § 97 tqatuwiyii's, locative form of }qa"'tu 12 4;88.i4; § 86 tqaq-, to break wind 1.86. 7, 14, 17; § 24 Iqa'qa, the breaking of wind 86.16 tqal'oa'mi, discriminative form of Iqal-o'ma 46.3; 48.5; ^ iii 124 tqal'o'ma, sea-gull 44.2, 9-10; 46.1 iqa"'tu, log, tree, stick 32.20-21 ; 48. 12 ; § 27 Iqeta', hip, rib Iqu'nwi, knot ^ 105 Iqu'vva, breast of man lq!a'nu, skin, hide 100. 15-16, 19; 102.1 ; § 97 lq!a'si, eel § 98 Laa', mouth 28.2)29.3 Laaya', locative form c/i.aa' 29.2 ; 96.7 ; § 86 Lan, twig La"nis (B), brain Lapq-, to join 1. 80.1 5; ^ 24 LipL, grandfather § 20 Li'mstl, raw Limsti's, locative form of Li'msti § 86 Limi'stist, a green place, a place that does not burn 34.2; § 66 Limna''q, elk i3.ii;i4.i Limqa, right away, quickly, soon 19.6; 21.3; 56.22; §§ 96, 121 Llya'a", fire 25.4-5; 32.18; § 97 L1U-, to come, to approach, to arrive; (as adverb) near I, IV. 8. 3, 9; 9.3; 16.3; 40.12; § 24 Liha-, to pass by, to pass out 1. 32. 18; 38-23; § 24 Lip'a'nu, spring § 97 Li't, sturgeon L°\v-, to fall sideways 1. 84. 3 ; § 24 Lonatci'l'ma (B), girl Lot-, to hit, to strike I. § 24 Lo'^L, particle 64.20, 24; 66.1 ; § 127 L"wa'.si, nose § 105 Lu'xwitc, salmon-berries LwIt-_. to paddle 1.64.4; 66.9; io2.i;§24 Lpa"n, wings {sec Ipii'an) Lpik", (B, M), hand {sec ipaa'cpva) i-nl-, to fan 1,86.12; § 24 Lkle'tni, a light Lql'ta, jjroper name Lqut, red 5 104 i.xaa-, to be inside, to enter 1. 34. 7 ; § 24 Lxa'yimi,, soap Lxau-, to answer 1.52.6,12; § 24 Lxau', spear, pole 64.7,9 Lxat-, to run, to fly I.I 2.3, 10; 13.8; 14.1; 34-2; § 24 Lxatu'"', race 78.18; § 97 Lxa'p-, off to one side Lxa"pis, five 40.25; 42.7,14,16; 72.8; § 116 Lxa"'yax, the other; friend 42.8 Lxa"yaxa"'ni, another one 11.1,3; 38.20; § 102 Lxa"'hTnK, locative form It is not inconceivable that this word may be the appellative term for the Coquille (Mi'kik) Indians. " Evidently Ku'sitc southwards. 8 Where two forms are given in Miluk, the second form is used when referring to objects only, or things non-human; the first form refers to human beings. 3 Lower Umpqua, xa'ts'.u. lo Alsea, psinLx. 144 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. Hanis. Miliik. iist person hen'ne" un-ne-n2,' en-ne'-ng,' 2d person ye'-'ne"' ne'-mel, ne-mg't-ne 3d person hexa"" kwu'-te, kwun-ni', kwiin, e-tti' ! Inclusive heisne"' mus-sd's-ng, hi-tc'i'-kas-n6 Exclusive hexwin'ne" 2d person heicne a-ts u'-ic-ne 3d person heuxxa"' a-ts'ii-ka-te fist person helin'ne" ts'a-wa'-kate Plural 2d person hecin'ne" ku's-ka-is-nu, ku's-ka-is-ne 13d person heilxii"' ku's-ka-te That one's ha, la, te' u e-yim-ii* That tE e-tti PERSONAL PRONOUNS. Hanis. Miluk. [ist person n- en-ne'-u- Singular 2d person e^- ne-u- (3d person xa- e- ! Inclusive is- missS-'s-kwi- Exclusive xvvin- 2d person ic- mis-sa-i s-kwi- 3d person lix- a-ts'u'-ka-k\vi'- |ist person lin- kus-kas-en-nS's-kwi- Plural 2d person cin- ku's-ka-ts-kwi- (3d person it- ku's-ka-kwi- • Evidently miswritten for lien' nc or ;/'//(■. 2 Prol)ably cmi. 145 In my Coos grammar ^ I stated that the Kusan stock embraces a number of dialects, the principal ones being Hanis and Miluk, and that the latter differs vastly from Hanis in lexicographical and morphological respects. This statement was based chiefly upon information furnished by my interpreter and informant, and would seem to be fully corroborated by a close study of the comparable material presented in the preceding pages. Scanty as this material is, it tends to accentuate the distinctiveness of the Miluk dialect rather than to diminish it; assuming, of course, that Dorsey's collection of words and grammatical forms is correct. Of the 104 nouns that are contained in Dorsey's vocabulary, only 29 show a total agreement in phonetic structure with their Hanis equivalents, while 1 3 seem to be but partially related to Hanis. The former class em- braces practically all terms denoting sex and age, thereby suggesting the thought that the terms of relationship, too, may have been identical in both dialects. Thus the vocabu- lary may safely be said to have strong Kusan affiliations. This, however, can hardly be said of the numerals, for only few of them bear any resemblance to the stems that are employed in Hanis. Aside from their phonetic distinc- tiveness, they present a feature that is entirely unknown to the Coos system. I mean the division of the numerals into a human and non-human series by means of the suffix -k' a. That classification is absolutely lacking in Hanis. To be sure, the suffix -ka occurs there, but it is employed for the purpose of forming the "tens." Furthermore, there can be no etymological connection between these two, apparently similar suffixes, for the simple reason that -k'a appears as one of the component elements that form the independent possessive pronouns in Miluk (see below). • Op. cit., p. 305. 10 — COL. UNIV. CONTRIB. ANTHROP. — VOL. IV. 146 It may be noted in this connection, that, of all the neii^-h- boring stocks (Siuslaw, Yakonan, Kalapuyan, and Atha- pascan), only the last mentioned disting^uishes between a human and a non-human series in the cardinal numerals, where the differentiating element is the suffix -ni or -ne} meaning people. It is therefore not inconceivable that this device of forming- numerals of the human series may have been borrowed from the Athapascan languages, in which case the suffix -k'a would represent, by analogy to the Athapascan process, an abbreviation for the Miluk word Jc a-ta Indian, people. Of course, this process may also be explained as of native origin, lost eventually in the Hanis dialect, but kept by the Miluk long after the disinteorration of Coos into diverofent dialects. A further analysis of the Miluk numerals shows that they contain one term in common with Siuslaw (two), and another in common with Alsea (three), which is rather peculiar, in view of the fact that the Miluks were not the immediate neighbors of these tribes -, while, on the other hand, the Hanis territory adjoined directly that of the Siuslaw and Alsea. In one respect only do the two numeral systems agree ; namely, in their origin. Both have, to all appear- ances, a quinary origin, and only five simple stems; viz., the numerals from i to 5 inclusive. The Miluk term for SIX evidently denotes four (fingers down), that for seven indicates three (fingers down), etc., showing a striking convergence with the Kalapuya numeral system, where a similar process of forming the numerals from six up pre- vails. Ten seems to be distantly related to the term for one. A much closer and more self-evident ao-reement between the two dialects is shown by the possessive pronouns. There can be no doubt that the examples obtained by ' See P. E. Goddard, Athapascan (Hupa), Handbook of American Indian Lan- guages, vol. i, p. 149. Dorsey, especially the pronouns for the dual and plural, are auxiliary forms consisting of at least two component elements, — one an initial element; and the other the sign of possession, which in Miluk would seem to be ne or te, in contrast to the Hanis m. The possessive pronoun for the first person singular evidently consists of the per- sonal pronoun for that person {u) phis the sign of pos- session; or else it may be explained as having been miswritten for Jieiine'' in which case it would show o ' perfect agreement with the Hanis form. The pronoun for the second person singular is quite distinct in form. The pronominal element conducing the idea of a second person singular would seem to be ne ; the second com- ponent part is undoubtedly the Siuslaw case-ending -Rint; while the terminal ne is the previously-mentioned sign of possession, which may be omitted. The third person sin- gular consists of the demonstrative stems kwi%- or ^, am- plified by means of the sign of possession. Dorsey was evidently unable to obtain a form for the exclusive dual. His two forms for the inclusive are easily correlated to the Hanis forms, but more properly should have been written nius-sa -Is-ne and hi-tc i-k' a-is-7ie. Mus-sa and hl- tcl-k'a are probably synonymous terms for the numeral ONE (see above), and is-ne is too self-evident to require further comment. The pronoun for the second person dual is composed of the numeral xafts/u two, of the per- sonal pronoun is^ and of the possessive sign ne. The informant has in this case omitted the suffix -k'a, perhaps involuntarily. The form for the third person dual, literally translated, would mean of two people, and can by no means be regarded as a true possessive pronoun. In like manner the pronoun for the third person plural is no possessive form, for it simply means of all people [kus = Hanis go^^s all; -k'a suffix expressing numerals of the 14^^ human series; -te sign of possession). The form for the first person plural evidently means of four people ; while that for the second person consists of the adverb go^s all, of the suffix -k'a^ of the personal pronoun -Is^ and of the sign of possession iie. I believe that in this form Dorsey mis-heard the element ic (the Hanis personal pronoun for the second person dual) for Is. The possessive form of the demonstrative pronoun seems to be composed of the demonstrative stem c and of the Siuslaw relative suffix -EDii. Thus, while it is true that only three forms of the possessive pronouns seem to show phonetic or structural agreement in both dialects, still I may not be amiss in stating that a revision of Dorsey's material with the aid of a Miluk informant would bring out a more complete correspondence. It must be borne in mind that a majority of the examples adduced by Dorsey are not true posses- sive pronouns, but auxiliary forms obtained by composition. In the same manner I regard as only partially correct the personal pronouns that are found in Dorsey's collec- tion. A full discussion of these forms is impossible, in view of the fact that they are given with but one verbal stem ; and I entertain a strong suspicion that this stem is a nominal form. The stem in question, standardized in accordance with my own spelling, is the verb initsisiyata., which Dorsey translates to know. The Hanis radical is mits- TO KNOW. By adding to it the nominal suffix -is^ an adjective mitsh wise is obtained. The suffix -lyaia may be the Miluk form of the Hanis -lyaL^" that expresses the performer of an action. In further proof of this theory, it may be stated that Dorsey, in a note, explains the element kwi^ found in all forms for the dual and plural, as the nominative sign. That being the case, the final M in the first and second persons singular is to be ^ See Coos, An Illustrative Sketch, p. 360. '^ Ibid., p. 376. 149 regarded as having the same function for the singular number, and as identical perhaps with the Hanis sign of possession, it. The first person singular would then, in its initial element, agree with the Hanis n'7ie. The second person singular is totally distinct from Hanis, while in the third person the demonstrative pronoun has been sub- stituted. The form for the inclusive dual differs but little from the possessive pronoun (see above). The element is of the second person dual has evidently been mis-heard for ic. In the third person dual the kwi is substituted for the possessive te (see above), — a substitution that prevails likewise in all plural forms. The pronoun for the first person plural is evidently related to that for the corresponding person of the singular. The remaining two forms require no further discussion. Summing up, it would seem that while Miluk is un- doubtedly a Kusan dialect, the comparable material at hand shows it to possess enough independent vocables and morphological forms to justify its classification as a distinct dialect, that probably became separated from its mother tongue at an early period. This divergence is by no means easy to explain. The Kusan stock, in all probability, held sway over an area quite limited in size (a narrow strip of the present Coos County wedged in between the Coast Range and the Pacific Ocean), and the topographical nature of this country presented no difficul- ties to even the most primitive means of communication. Thus the two principal contributing factors to dialectic differentiation — vastness and inaccessibility of territory — - are lacking in this case. Perhaps, after a better knowledge of the causes that result in a disintegration of a common language into various dialects, we shall be in a position to explain fully the problem presented to us by this small stock of southwestern Oresfon. o I50 2. Notes on Coos Texts (Vol. I of this Series). The corrections to my "Coos Texts" given here are largely emendations of the series of texts collected by Mr. St. Clair. The texts from p. 132 on were collected by Mr. St. Clair. My unfamiliarity with his phonetic system, and my inability to obtain from my informant such words and phrases contained in St. Clair's texts as were strange to me, compelled me to leave them in the form in which he had written them. After the volume had been printed, I had opportunity to verify many of the words and phrases hitherto unknown to me. These and a number of addi- tional corrections are given in the following list. On p. 15, line 2, for ma'qal read ma'qaL. a 20, footnote 3, a ^ 116 a § 115 (( 22, ' I, ft § 116 il § 115 u 24, line 22, a qak'eleni'we a qak'elani'we a 28, « 16, a Lqa'ai a Lqa'ai a 28, u 18, (( wi'luwit il wi'luwit (( 28, li 26, a Lovven il Lowen a 27, (1 a'qana'ya il a'qana'ya u 46, ii 23, a kwaa'niya 11 kwaa'niya It 48, (( 16, i( alqa'lu il alq.'a'lu (( 48, (( 23, li t!et li tle't 151 On p. 5°, footnote I, for xil t -lye read xil -f- -lye u 52, line 15. li iLsa'etc a 'iLsa'Etc (( 52, " i5> a wiLi'ye li wiLlI'ye a 54, a i3> ii L!1ex ii lIIe'x a 5^, u 9> 11 Lowe'entc li Lowe'entc a 56, footnote 3, li kwane'ni (kwan-) 11 kiwane'ni (k!wan -) u 58. line 12, li Lowe'entc 11 Lowe'entc i( 58, a 14, 11 L'pe'xetc (( L'-pe'xetc (( 60, a 3> 11 yixa'ntcnts « yixa'ntcnts (( 60, a 20, li nle'hi (( nle'hi (1 60, footnotes 1,2 2 " t 11 + (( 62, footnote I, 11 taix' here t -t 11 ^atx' here -)- -t a 64, line 9. li nle'hi 11 nle'hi a 64, li 15 a iJa'yEtat (( La'yEtat u 64, footnote ' X, li kwan- ii k!wan- u 72, line 13 11 ten ii tEn a 72, li 15 ii he° 11 hE° li 72, ii 17 11 e^muxtitaa'rai li e'^muxtitsa'mi n 74, 11 26 a ikwi'litu 11 ikwi'litu li 76, 11 20 ii \vix-ik-!ine*'wat 11 wix'k"!ine''wat u 78, 11 6 11 kwitsa'^tsa ii kwltsa'tsa u 78, 11 19 ii klall'yat li Lk!all'yat a 84, 2 2 11 kwe'neL a kwe'neL u 88, " 18 li tsowe 11 tsowe' " 108, ti 29 (( hai'x-tits il ha"x-tits (( 1 16, " 16 (( hai'x-tits li ha"x'tits a 124, ii 30 11 kwi'wat 11 x-kwl'wat u 130, u 5 a Llkali'yat li Lklall'yat (( 132, u 16 li akwu'ni 11 I'kwii'nl it 132, 11 17 11 Lokwa'isatc 11 Loxwa'isatc (( 132, " 20, li Lokwa'isTtc li Loxwa'isltc a 134, 11 4 a kwitkwi'ti il kwitkwl'^tl a 134, 11 8 (( tsisoti'ya li tsisotl'ye u 134, u 19 a aq'antkaai'itc 11 ak'a'nkaa*'Itc u 134, It 22 a ta'tenna a ta't'na a 136, u I a licalaya't" 11 li'clayat u 136, li 4 li dltce'tces 11 L!tce''tcis u ^36, 11 12 ii weL 11 wa'^L u 136, 11 13 i5> u Luwi'dza .1 Ldwi'tsil (( 136, a 20 a huiti'tEx li hu'tl'tEx (f 136, 11 21 li xwintxwi'ni 11 xwintxwi'naai (( 136, li 23 li qa'yaqa'yi " qa"qa' (( 136, a 25 a lk!wa'kwES a lk!wa'k!wES a ^36, ii 26 a tsxa'it (( tsqa't 1 =^2 On p. 136, line 27, for Lk-its read Llk'i'ts (( 136, footnote 5, (( qa"qe' « qa"qa' (( 137, line 10 from bottom, 11 drive a order (( 138, u 15, 11 aldza'xam li a'lts''xEm a 138, u 24, ti wais 11 wa'is a 140, u 7, li tc!e'ne'nis (( tce^ne'nis i( 140, (( 12, u lately m (( latcl'yem (( 140, a 28, 11 sqa'ilts 11 sqa'lts i( 142, n 5, 11 Lawa'yam 11 Lawa'yam u 142, <( iS> 11 Laxkukwana'was il Laxkukwana'was li 142, (( 16, 11 qala'ni 11 kafa'nl « 142, (( 17, 11 k'cawani a k-'ciwa'ni (( 142, (( 21, 11 e'lka'ikwitu u e^lqa'lkwitu « 142, a 28, 11 tsahas a tse'hes <( 142, " 28, 11 kwai's'xEm (( kwa'ls''xEm a 142, (f 3o> il dictls 11 ticLlts a 144, "2, 5>6,7,9,i4 11 J se'nkwit 11 si'nkwit a 144, a II, 11 xia'atc 11 xk'ie'etc a 144, a 14, a djitcali It tc!Etc!ica'lI (( 144, a 17, 11 q!a'laut 11 qala-t (( 144, a 29, 11 tsini'yiya 11 tsi hinl'yiya a 146, u 14, 11 qai'yal 11 ka'yal (( 146, ii 15, 11 wI'yeL! 11 wi'yeL li 146, u i5> li kwe'nci li qwi'nci " 146, a 15, il te't il t!e't a 146, i( 17, 2r, 11 tcuj i'qatat il tcyi'qat « 146, a 19, il tciiyi'aqa il tcyl'yaqa u 146, a 30, 11 kaLi'niEq 11 qa aLi'maq « 146, a 31, 11 me'la 11 mi^la (( 146, a 32, li p'xat 11 pxat (( 147, (( 3 from bottom, 11 was long 11 began to get long (( 148, a 13, 11 bExwi'niEm 11 pExwi'nyEm a 148, a 17, 18, il se'uk- 11 si'Lik- (f 148, u 17, 19. li tsa'has (( tse'hes (f 148, (1 2S> il x'gi'mendj (( xk'i'mentc (( 148, u 26, 11 k!xa 11 kxa u 148, li 27, 28, 11 tclowayam li tclowa'yam « i5o> 11 I, 11 tctowa'yam il tctowa'yam (f 150, 11 9> 11 sI'yeL! li sI'yeL u i5o> " i5> 11 tkwat il tk.'wat a 150, u 26, 11 tsxaya'e'wat 11 tsqaya'e'wat i( 152, 11 6, 11 qala' 11 qa'la" 153 152, line 23, for tsqat read tskat 152, li 28, (( tyi'axai'wat t( iyiaxa'ewat 152, a 29> " ak"e (( ek-e' 154, a 3,5, it qatt (( qalt 154, « 5, il xwa'lwal a xwa'lxwal 154, (( 7, 11 p'saha'itc u psa'hetc 154, a 14,26,27, 11 sEla'yam li sila'yam 154, a 22, 11 qet 11 qai 154, (( 31, 11 ha'nnetc 11 hEn nitc 156, a 5, 11 helaqe'tc if helaqe'tc 156, u 28, 11 i'alx il alx 158, li 7, 11 LE'kat 11 Likat 158, a 14, 15. 11 Likaya'haxam 11 L'kaya'x'xEm 158, (( 17, 11 LEkai'axatc 11 L'ka'yaxetc l62, a 24, 11 L!xat 11 Lxat 162, a 25, " u'xmet 11 k""mat 163, a 16, 11 turning into tsaLtsiL " covered with blub ber fat 163, li 18, 11 in and out to the ocean u into the river 164, (( 2, 11 x"'met a k""mat 164, a 9, (( ladjl'ya 11 latcl'ya 166, a ^3, 11 nkwila'gwat 11 nkwala'kwai 168, a 4, il qa'Lqal 11 qa'Lqal 168, li 12, 11 tsutsuwa'ne 11 tsotsowa'ni 168, ii 25, il alx 11 alx 168, il 26, a LtCl 11 LitCl 170, 11 14, 15, 11 tcinawa'LEs hana'ya 11 tcina'^waLi'sanaya 170, il 18, a Lxant a Llxant 172, il 7, 11 LX"T 11 L!k-i 172, li 9, 10, 12, (( xo'xwet a xo'xwel 172, li 13, foot- note 3, il e^k'!ayu'x"sil 11 e%-!ayi'k"sil 172, il 15, 11 yu'x''sil 11 yi'k"sil 172, 11 17, 11 wiiwi'yak" 11 wElwi'yak 172, 11 22, 11 twi'git a Iwi'kit 172, 11 22. 11 Lxant il Llxant 174, i( 2, u t'tci'nau il t'tci'na 174, (( 3, (( tsa'no 11 tsen 174, a 8, II, 12, 22,25, a t'tci'na 11 t^tci'na 174, 11 8, li tsan 11 tsen 174, il 14,15.29 il klLtci a LitcT 174, li 18, il kwe'he a klwe'he 154 On p. 174, line 19, for kaixniEq read au'maq « 174, u 19, (( ha'miyau 11 He mi^ya « 174, u 22, (( dano'La (( tano'La a 174. il 22, « qagi'ti ;( qaki'ti « 174, a 30, u ([ame'tits U qlmi'tits u 176, il 2, 7, 8, 18, 22, a t'tci'na it t'tci'na u 176, 11 5. a q'l-ats u qLats ii 176, il 9, a qai'La u qa'"La u 176, il 15, 3h 11 altsa'ya u altsi'ye il 176, 11 18, 23, 11 tsan u tsen a 176, 11 25, a ya'mdat u yam^tat a 178, a 30, (( }x"ili'yat II r'x'Ui'yat (i 180, il I, 16, (( t'tci'na u ftci'na a 180, " 7, 17, il pcnpan » pi'npan a 180, a 15, 11 Lxant u Lixant i( 182, il I, li La'pet u La 'pit a 182, a 24, 11 tqala'Les u tqelii'Lis a 182, il 26, 11 tsLe "' sl!I a 184, il I, 11 tSLl It sl!I 11 184, 11 T7, t( LTni'°wat (1 Lllni'wat li 184, il 17, li qai'La It qai'La a 184, il 23, il tEtcT'u I! f'tcl'yu 11 186, 11 3, il hala" wEhaL U, hE la" ha'L u 186, 11 3, 11 11 It il li 186, u 5,6,8,15^ li > tsm'ma a tcm'ma a 186, li 5, 11 qaya'atc tci'mitc il qaya"tcEmitc u 186, il 7, " hu'natatc It huna^tatc a 186, li 7, li hu'natitc u huna^titc a 186, li 8, a kwalxai'ya u. kiwalxa'ya (( 186, il 12, u. itci le'isetc It itcile'isetc 11 186, " 14, 11 kwalaqa'ya It k!walxa'ya a 188, 11 18, li Li'Exatc It Li'xatc " 190, li I, 3, 11 hithl'yat it hi'thit (( 190, il 3, 11 qaya'nowitc 11 k!aya'nowitc (( 190, li 3, 11 qaxaxa'naya tt qaxaxana'ya ERRATA, s, line 4, 8, a 5, 8, u 9, 9, « I, 9, a 6, 12, (C 6, i3> u 4, 13, u 7, 14, fC 3, 14, u 6, 15, u 4, 21, It 10, 22, ii I,- 23, u 6, 24,