INCLUDING MUNICIPALAND METROPOLITA ‘ SYSTEMS 0999 WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS PRICE 25 CENT BY“ v- I SYLVESTER BAXIER ”ll lit-nun .7 We have been manufacturing a suit for $25, which has met with such satisfactory results that we have determined to make it our specialty in the future. With our large and selected stock, we‘feel sure that we can suit any who will favor us with a call. HIBBARD-MASON COMPANY, fine mailuring, 515 Washington Street, - BOSTON. . . . STABLES OF . . . CHARLES 3. Elm 00;. Sueeessor to Boston Qab Q0. 200, Telephone, Tremont 3 220. 108 Massachusetts Ave, Boston. W32.) The finest Carriage Service in Boston. Strangers in the city and all tourists in want of carriage service of any description will receive prompt and courteous attention at fair prices. Mail Coach and Drags for Four-in-hand and Landaus a specialty. YOUR PATRON AGE SOLICITED. Eu floater Qfinlleetnrs I The beautiful cover design for the BOSTON PARK GL'IDE is a fac-simile reduction from a poster by Charles Herbert \Voodbury, whose strikingly original work has given him rank as one of the foremost poster and decorative designers of America. Mr. \Voodbury is one of the most talented of young American painters. His great picture, “ Mid-Ocean,” exhibited at the Boston Art Club and the American Society of Artists, was one of the notable works of the year. His posters for the Century Magazine for July, and for the exhibition of the So- ciety of Painters in \Vater-Color of Holland, in Boston, are eagerly sought for by collectors. For the benefit of collectors, a special limited edition of fifty copies of this poster has been printed on paper of an extra quality. Each copy will be signed by the artist and will be distinguished b the novel feature of a hand-printed remarqut in stencil. The price of these copies will'be three dollars each. Address, SYLVESTEK BAXTER, 255 Washington Street, - - - -= a BOSTON. +. mm ”3* . Franklin Facmg i * Field. The Largest and Host Complete Catering Establishment in Boston. Elegant Ball Room and Banquet Halls for Parties. .l'lost Varied and Choice Supplies of Ices, Creams, Salads, Etc. Send for Circular and Price List. Orders delivered to all parts of Boston. “j J. A. HENDRIE & BRO, TALBOT AVENUE, near BLUE HILL AVENUE, BOSTON. 7% Telephone. Dorchester 250. ,7 7/7,:i CA RRiAdEs ALWAYS ON HAND. A Large, STRICTLY FIJVE, Assortment of Vehicles for our BOULEVARD AND PARK DRIVES. BE SURE And Visit Us Before Purchasing Elsewhere. Wm . COACH AND CARRIAGE BUILDERS, BOSTON. ‘-< 'T .\ AM 1: 4:1 .._ 4:21. a = 9:9 57.”: \ ~ ‘3» I "1 i? ‘~\\ ‘ fin’mw ' v - ‘ “35¢; erfiéfi‘ms‘QW'z” "932:: "'§"‘“‘§‘T§§§§3 ‘ n-wg: éKE' ‘M‘ ~.~.‘~ fir ’ fii sn~\\=:‘?§ Ma? ‘9“:"51‘ \"o 3“» .1‘.& ~_ A M a“ * «%%‘ ‘3‘ ,t‘ ‘ " “0 fivsxara'fizz- ““ “ l v ‘ ‘ ‘ 9.. ‘5‘“ 9.. o- ‘ ‘ “‘\‘\ ‘\ ‘\ ‘ ‘\ \ ‘ ‘oiz::"a.€"_t7>?:::‘o‘.z\::‘ -- «:2» a. a» ~ ~\~ an). ’illnlu-I'fi n‘ . . . “‘\ \\ «hum t. s ‘ M \ n w é' “NV ‘: 5'34} -E‘ 6* ‘ He )1 . 1| ‘ ' ‘ ‘ ”$5: u 1‘ A r ‘\\| ‘\ é— vi fOREMOSII POPE MFGCO. BEAUTY, GRACEW HARTFORD.CONN GENTOR BOSTON. NEWYORK. SPEED AND CHICAGO. SANFRANCIS§0 ISURABILITY. m BUFFALO, PROVIDENCE 00%) C A L— E: 8 3000018! A 200 400 300. Mun“ A; l l 4 $‘Iix‘! 2" ;- -.‘\.4.’~3-;.* ‘( ‘4‘ 1\_ 4 »\ . _ .". ~ \‘4 3 . ‘ ‘7 {3“ . . .5 0 9 .4» .‘n ‘ "n I ‘1:'("- . (.3 l . > . / I ‘ o 0‘ . ,- » , , . 4H. ’ . ‘- v ,. , "55-2; «,1 we . ”13!? V01}? 0 8:7...“ l_:“lnr""7/”" MAP OF THE PARKWAY, WITH LEVERETT PARK, JAMAICA PARK. AND ARNOLD ARBORETUI‘I TO FRANKLIN PARK AT FOREST HILLS ENTRANCE. BOSTON PARK GUIDE INCLUDING THE MUNICIPAL AND METROPOLITAN SYSTEMS OF GREATER BOSTON. BY SYLVESTER BAXTER, SECRETARY 017 TH E PRELIMINARY METROPOLITAN PARK COMMISSION. ’rvpni'ul with thv usv of Official Illustrations and Maps, by special pri'misxion of thc Boston and Metropolitan Park Commissions. BOSTON: 1895. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, 255 \VASHIXGTON S'r. 13% - xmy ma uca mvu mm AUG 13 1987 DESIGN Copyrighted, 1895. CONTENTS. Saart first. THE BOSTON MUNICIPAL SYSTEM I. COMMONWEALTH AVENUE II. THE PARKWAY . . . . THE CHARLESGATE THE F ENS THE RIVERWAY . III. LEVERETT PARK IV. JAMAICA PARK V. ARNOLD ARBORETUM VI. FRANKLIN PARK THE COUNTRY PARK THE PLAYSTEAD THE GREETING AND OTHER DIVISIONS REFECTORY HILL VII. FRANKLIN FIELD VIII. MARINE PARK IX. CHARLESBANK X. OTHER MUNICIPAL PARKS 0F BOSTON WOOD ISLAND PARK . CHARLESTOWN HEIGHTS UNIMPROVEI) GROUNDS CITY SQUARES, ETC. . iflatt $ccunfi. THE METROPOLITAN AND SUBURBAN SYSTEMS I. STONY BROOK WOODS II. THE BLUE HILLS III. THE MIDDLESEN FELLS IV. BEAVER BROOK OAKS V. LYNN WOODS VI. THE OCEAN SIIORE . LYNN, NAHANT AND SWAMPSCOTT BEACHES VII. THE RIVER VALLEYS MYSTIC RIVER CHARLES RIVER RAF? \_/ ’___’/ ' x < HQOOW-PWNH NHHHI—l HOOVL») 22 27 27 32 37 37 38 38 38 /‘/'/ in, 9, wand.“ THE FENS--— COVE ON EASTERLY SIDE. BeSTeN PARK ealeE. PART FIRST. THE BeSTGN MEINIGIPAL? SYSTEM. its enyironing landscape. No one can be said really to know Boston who is not familiar with this important aspect of the city, and as the charms of the most characteristic scenery about the New England metropolis have best been pre- served in ideal form in the public parks and recreative open spaces, this guide has been prepared, that both strangers and resi- dents may obtain in compact and comprehensive shape, the infor- mation necessary for convenient access to and proper enjoyment of their yarious features. In beauty of location, in artistic design, in thoughtful adapta- tion to peculiarities of site, in development in a way to meet the widest possible requirements on the part of the public, as well as in variety and extent, the park system of Boston and its metro- politan yicinage, existing and projected, surpasses that of any other city in the world. In the metropolitan district the area of public reservations of various kinds for recreative and water- supply purposes amounts to something over 14,000 acres. This includes bodies of \ 'ater enclosed by public lands. such as Fresh pond in Cambridge, and Spot pond in the Middlesex Fells, but does not include such y'ate' areas as Charles river basin. the almost land-locked Pleasure Bay of Marine park. the Mystic lakes, or Lake Quannapowitt, in “'akefield, which are bordered on one side by park lands. and which also might be taken into account as recreatiye, public open spaces. with their facilities for boating. bathing, skating, etc. The Boston parks may be divided into two systems: the muni— cipal parks of the central city. and the parks of the 111e1ropolitan district and the suburban municipalities. Not including the his- toric Common and the more modern Public Garden. with the minor urban open spaces, the municipal system. administered by the Boston park commission. has a total area of over 1301) acres, and up to date has cost something over $12,000,000 for lands and construction. The creation of the system was authorized by popu- 1 B OSTON is famous among American cities for the beauty of 0 lar vote in 1875. and construction was begun in 1879. Not until 1887. however, did the improvement of the greater portion of the system begin. The parks are therefore still in their early stages of development, and in many portions years must elapse before the full beauty of their design becomes apparent. The design and general supervision of construction was at the start, fortunately placed in the hands of Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted. and has re- mained with him and his associates, now Messrs. Olmsted, Olmsted & Eliot (John C. Olmsted and Charles Eliot, wi;h for- merly the late Henry Sargent Codman). The same. are, also land- scape architects advisory for the metropolitan park commission. The main distinctive characteristic of the Boston municipal system is its design as a series of parks, each possessing.r an indi— vidual landscape character and special recreative functions, united by a chain of drives. rides and walks. forming a grand parkway of picturesque type five miles in extent. reaching four the heart of the city into the rural scenery of the suburbs. This is a unique thing in park design. It has become enormously popu- la ' and gives access to four parks of remarkable beauty. for riders of bicycles and horsemen. as well for pedestrians and those driv— ing in carriages from the business centre. A similar parkway connection with the metropolitan parks to the southward. in extension of this chain. has been determined upon. and it is probable that like connections will also be made to the westward and northward. This chain of pleasureways and parks begins at the Public Garden in Commonwealth avenue, and will be con— sidered in detail as follows: I. COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. This great avenue was designed by the late Arthur Gilmau. architect. as the cent 'al feature. in the plan of the Back Bay lauds. It is celebrated as one of the stateliest urban thoroughfares in the, world. It was named from the circumstance of being laid out over lands belonging to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It has a width of 200 feet.besides a reserved space. of it) feet between building line and sidewalk on either side. making a total width of 240 feet from house to house. There is a planted space with grass. trees and footway in the centre. with macadamised roads on either side. It was incorporated into the park system from the Public Garden to the. crossing of Beacon street. in 1804: the exten- sion from Beacon street through the , irighton district to Chestnut Hill reservoir is in control of the street department, thence ex— tending through the city of Newton to (‘harles river. Monumental features: statue of Alexander Hamilton. by William llimmer. of Gen. Stephen Glover. by Martin Milmore. of \\'i1 iau Lloyd THE FENS , 74 BOYLSTON BRIDGE. 3 Garrison, by Olin L. “'arner. of Leif Ericsson, by Anne “'hitney. Architectural features: palatial private dwellings, First Baptist Church, designed by H. H. Richardson (colossal reliefs on tower by Bartholdi), Hotel Vendome, Algonquin Club house. It is pro- posed gradually to reconstruct the avenue in accordance with a more formal. magnificent and decorative design. II. THE PARKWAY. The Parkway is an irregular and comparatively narrow strip of roads. foot—paths and saddle-paths for pleasure purposes enclos- ing picturesque scenery, running something like five miles from Charles river near Harvard bridge to Franklin park, and. with Commonwealth avenue, making a continuous drive of about six miles from the heart of the city at the Public Garden, Connecting and t 'aversing Leverett park, Jamaica park and the Arnold Arboretum. “If the courses of brooks, streams, or rivers can be included in parks. or in strips of public land connecting park with park or park with town. several advantages will be secured at one stroke. The natural surface—drainage channels will be retained under public control where they belong; they will be surely defended from pollution; their banks will offer agreeable public prome- nades: while the adjacent boundary roads, one on either hand,w'll furnish the contiguous building land with an attractive frontage. \Vhere such stream—including strips are broad enough to permit the opening of a distinctively pleasure drive entirely sepaiate from the boundary roads, the ground should be classed as a park. “'here the boundary roads are the only roads. the whole strip is properly called a parkway; and this name is retained even when the space between the boundary roads is reduced to lowest terms and becomes nothing more than a shaded green ribbon. devoted perhaps to the separate use of the otherwise dangerous electric cars. In other words, parkways, like parks. may l‘e absolutely formal or strikingly picturesque, according to circum— stances. Both will generally be formal when they occupy cor.— flned urban spaces bounded by dominating buildings. Both will generally become picturesque as soon as, or wherever, opporiunit y offers.”—Frcdcrick Law Olmsted. The foregoing is quoted as admirably defining the nature of a parkway. Of the formal type, Commonwealth avenue and Beacon street (through Brookline to Chestnut Hill reservoir) are most con- spicuous examples. This type is also familiarly known as a “boulevard.” Of the picturesque type the Parkway. as it is sim- ply called, is the flrst and most important example in this country. It is immensely popular, providing for Boston a great concourse 4 for pleasure driving, riding on horseback and bicycle riding simi- lar to those of the great capitals of Europe and that of New York in Central park, of Chicago in the Lake drive, and of Mexico in the Paseo. The five subdivisions have locally descriptive names, all with the common terminal of “way,” with the exception of the first, which is called “Charlesgate”; “Fenway”. “Riverway”, “Jamaicaway”, and “Arborway”. In general character the Parkway resembles the Festungs- Anlagen of various German cities. like Bremen and Leipsic, where the demolition of the ancient fortifications surrounding the old “inner cities” gave opportunity for creating pleasure-grounds upon the open spaces thus left—the inequalities of surface made by the debris. together with the ditches that surrounded the walls. inviting picturesque forms of treatment in landscape and water surfaces. But the scale of the Parkway is far more extensive than any of its German prototypes. Like them. as we have seen, it originated in the artistic handling of an important engineering problem. as the most practical and economic form of development. And with its opportunities for diverse forms of recreation by land and water, it has already become one of the most popular of Bos- ton institutions. The Parkway is a line of communication for pleasure purposes. distinguished by picturesque and continually varying scenery. with water—courses as the central feature for the greater part of its length and furnishing the leading motive of the design. the space here and there expanding into genuine parks. The remarkable delicacy of artistic perception which has guided the design of the Parkway is manifest in the way in which the successive sections form natural steps in the gradual develop- ment of scenic changes from the maritime. marshy character of the Fens to the rural and pastoral New England aspect of Frank lin park. The lower basin of the Fens. for example. is of the purely salt-marsh type. while the upper basin. with its frequent islets and more prominent bits of upland. re ’alls the landscape of the more inland reaches of marsh scenery 011 the coast. THE CH ARLESGATE. The Charlesgate is the first section of the Parkway. between Charles river and Boylston road. It is so called from the water- gate connecting the overflow channel of Stony brook with Charles river. It is an irregular water way with abrupt banks densely covered with trees and shrublmry enclosed between two roads named Charlesgate East and (“harlesgale West. the street archi- tecture making a formal frame for a. bit of simulated wild nature crossed by Beacon street. Connnonwealth avenue. and the Boston & Albany Railroad. with low-level and plain bridge. without architectural features. “it 3 v Juf‘ THE FENS —- AGASSIZ BRIDGE. THE FENS. The Fens is the second section of the Parkway, also known as “Back Bay Fens," between Boylston road and Brookline avenue. It is an irregular tract of land and water enclosed by Fenway on the eastward and southward and Boylston and Audubon roads on the westward and northward boundaries. It is primarily an engi- neering work designed to effect a drainage and sanitary improve— ment of vast importance; a landscape treatment was found to be the most effective and economical form of dealing with the problem. Stony brook is a stream subject to sudden and violent floods; the sewage deposits on the Back Bay flats here were a menace to the health of the city and threatened the ruin of the Back Bay dis- trict as a first-class residential section. 111 the necessity of meeting these ditficulties the entire modern park system of Bos- ton had its beginning. The noisome flats were taken for park purposes. and the engineering and landscape experts employed devised between them a plan for solving both these difficulties of flood and of sewage pollution. Two broad basins were provided, of suflicient capacity to hold and retain the storm waters of Stony brook at times of flood coincident with a period of high tide in the harbor. the ordinary flow of the brook being discharged through a covered channel. The filling in of the flats remedied the danger to health. To give the desirable landscape aspect to the scene a strikingly original but beautifully simple design was adopted. in simulation of the characteristic salt—marsh scenery of the New England coast—a brackish creek, meandering amidst fens with bosky banks. This landscape was entirely created from a basis of foul tidal flats, but so natural is its aspect, so resem- blant to scenes that once existed in the near neighborhood, that it gives the impression that, by some fortunate accident. a typical landscape of this character had been preserved for its exceptional charm in the midst of the city growing up around it, and finally utilized as the motive for a park improvement. The water level in the Fens is maintained at an average of three feet below mean high-water mark in the tidal basin of the Charles. A tidal rise and fall of a few inches keeps the water in circulation and pre- vents stagnation, modifying the inflowing fresh water sufliciently to give it a brackish character. At times of sudden flood in Stony brook the marshes are overflowed and the basins have tempo- rarily the appearance of lakes until, drained by the fall of the tide in the harbor. . In the landscape results the expectations formed from Mr. Olmsted‘s discussion of the proposed plan in the park report for 6 1879 have been fully realized. Said Mr. Olmsted: “It may be con- fidently anticipated that, under judicious detailed treatment, the several broader constituents which have been named—the waving fenny verdure, the meandering water, the blooming islets, and the border of trees and underwood following the varied slope of the rim of the basin, like the hanging woods of a river bank— would dispose themselves in compositions of a pleasing character. The effect would be novel, certainly, in labored urban grounds. and there may be a momentary question of its dignity and appro- priateness, but this question will, I think. be satisfactorily an- swered when it is reflected that it represents no affectation or caprice of taste. but is a direct development of the conditions of the locality in adaptation to the needs of a dense community. So regarded it will be found to be in the artistic sense of the word, natural. and possibly to suggest a modest poetic sentiment more grateful to town—weary minds than an elabo 'ate and elegant gar— den—like work would have yielded. . . . The tints, lights. and shadows and movement of salt-marsh vegetation. when seen in close connection with upland scenery, are nearly always pleasing and sometimes charming." From Boylston road. near the bridge. a, footpath begins the line of the main walk. or stroll. through the Parkway. It follows the fenside. embowered in trees and shrubbery, with diversified views over the water. coming close to the shore here and there. in pleasant little intervals of sandy beach. In the borders are flowering shrubs in great variety. together with a pro- fusion of herbaceous perennials, afiording an uninterrupted pro- cession of bloom from the earliest spring to late autumn, and sug— gesting that the rich and 'aried growths of neighboring gardens had run wild and naturally established themselves here. “The Ride.” or saddle-path. of soft gravel, also begins‘ at Boyl- ston road and follows the general course of Fenway and its con- tinuing drives through the Parkway. taking a course of its own through the shrubberies wherever space permits. and carefully designed so as not to cross footways at grade wherever it can be avoided. A branch of the Ride connects with the saddle—path on Beacon street through Brookline to the Chestnut Hill Reservoir. It may here be noted that Boston is supplied with special provi- sions for equestrian exercise to an extent greater than any other city in the world. London. with all its riding. has less than a mile of saddle-path. In the Boston park system there are six miles. making. with the three miles of Beacon street, a total of nine miles. Both for pleasure ways and convenience of traffic numerous bridges are necessary throughout the Parkway. and these have been given an appropriate architectural character. lending 111‘th- Y~-**“Z(-r~‘-~~ tom-u iy_ THE FENS —STONY BROOK BRIDGE. / . 7 rially to the picturesque interest of the scenery. In the Fens there are four of these bridges. Most important is Boylston bridge, a high structure carrying Boylston road with its impres- sive line of Lombardy poplars, spanning the water with a noble arch. From certain points of view looking southward, particularly from Commonwealth avenue bridge, this arch is the frame of a beautiful quiet, distant rural scene. This bridge was designed by the great architect, the‘late H. H. Richardson. Agassiz bridge is a rustic structure of five narrow arches varying in height, built of rough conglomerate from Franklin park and draped with her- baceous and trailing plants growing from the crevices. It carries Agassiz road across the Fens and separates the two basins. The Stony Brook bridge, designed by C. Howard \Valker, carries Fenway across the canal-like channel by which Stony brook flows into the Fens at Huntington entrance. The formal character of the canal invites a more elegant treatment in the bridge architec- ture than is given the other bridges; it is built of brown brick in Italian style, with light arches. Since the footway passes beneath the bridge, and crosses by a light iron separate structure, the arches are lined with glazed brick to give an attractive appear- ance and are lit by electric lamps at night. Fen bridge is a sim- ple rustic structure of boulders mantled with vegetation after the fashion of Agassiz bridge. It connects Fenway and Audubon road. The Fens end here, although the brackish water continues to Brookline avenue. An attractive feature of the Fens are the waterfowl, mostly ducks and geese of numerous varieties. They are cared for through the winter near Agassiz bridge. A building in Japanese style, designed by Edmund M. VVheelwright as city architect. is to be erected here for their accommodation and also as a boat— house. When this is ready canoeing will be permitted on the Fens, and ample facilities will be provided by the Park Boat Service (see Marine Park). Facing Boylston entrance, at the beginning of Fenway, the memorial to John Boyle O’Reilly—Daniel Chesier French, sculp- tor, C. Howard “’alker, architect—will be erected in the course of this year. Street—cars: To Boylston entrance at Massachusetts avenue—— Cambridge, Reservoir, Allston and Oak Square lines from Tre-- mont House; to W'estland entrance from Massachusetts avenue near Huntington avenue, Huntington and Tremont entrances ‘from Huntington avenue—Brookline, Longwood avenue, Cross- town (green) lines, Cross-town (blue) to Fields corner line, all over 'Huntington avenue; latter two to Massachusetts avenue (\Vest. ’land entrance) only. 8 THE RIVERWAY. The project of this section of the Parkway. like the Fens, had its origin in a sanitary problem. The neighboring residence sec- tions in Boston and Brookline were threatened with deterioration by the pollution of Muddy river with sewage. To avert this the improvement was carried out by the harmonious cooperation of the Boston and Brookline park commissions. The greater part of the Riverway lies in the two municipalities, the watercourse forming the boundary. The Riverway embraces that section 'of the Parkway between Fen bridge and Tremont street. The more important portion. including the main drive. lies on the Boston side. It follows the line of the stream known as Muddy River, which gave. to Brookline its original name of “Muddy River Hamlet" and supplied the circumstance which gave that town its present name in the fact that the boundary between it and Boston was formed by a “brook-line.” This watercourse takes the surface drainage from Jamaica pond and also from the valley traversed by the Newton Circuit of the Boston & Albany Railroad, beyond Brookline Village. A remarkable transformation has been effected in this valley. The character of its original rural charm has supplied the motive for the design. and its beauty has been greatly enhanced by the conversion of an insignificanttidal creek into a fresh-water river of t 'anquil flow, with banks of loveliest verdure and clear waters navigable for small craft. it resembles in character one of the smaller English rivers. Indeed, the whole character of the scenery is strongly English in its suggestions. with the calm reaches of meandering water. the various beautiful bridges that span the stream. and the square tower of the chapel at Longwoml as the chief landmark of the valley,—the central feature of many of the perfect pictures of which the region is full. and which already make the Parkway a favorite sketching ground for painters. All the bridges in the ltivery'ay, and also in Leverett park. were designed by Shepley. Butan & Coolidge. They are varied. but simple and substantial in character and give pleasing accents to the scenery. The Lengwood footbridge. built for convenient communication with the Longwood railway station from the Bos- ton side. is composed of two light and graceful arches at different levels. the higher level spanning the saddle path and the lower the stream. A round tower on the bank close by. for shelter and a point of view, unites architecturally with this bridge. Another bridge is a “double-deck” affair. the upper portion carrying the Audubon road branch of the Ride across the river on arches of. masonry, while beneath, transversely through these arches. the RIVERWAYMSKETCH FOR LONGWOOD BRIDGE. l) footway crosses 011 a light ornamental structure of iron. This branch of the Ride joins that of Beacon street at Audubon circle. The Newton Circuit branch of the Boston & Albany Railroad bounds the Riverway on the Brookline side for a great part of its length. The track is completely masked by a natural—looking embankment covered with shrubs and trees. A feature of the Brookline side is the use of nothing but native American shrubs and trees in the plantations. For the greater part of the way there is only a footpath on this side. The Riverway is crossed first by Brookline avenue, then by Longwood avenue, then by an extension of Bellevue street from the Boston side, then again by Brookline avenue, and finally by Tremont street, which separates it from Leverett park. The only craft permitted on the waters of the Riverway are canoes. the stream being too narrow for rowboats. The beauty of the scenery makes it a delightful canoeing course. Canoes are to be had at the park boating station in Leverett park, close to Tremont street. Steam-cars: Boston & Albany Railroad, Newton Circuit trains, to Longwood or Brookline stations. Street-cars: Brookline cars from Tremont House via Hunting- ton avenue or from Roxbury Crossing via Tremont street to Tre— mont street bridge; Reservoir, Allston and Oak Square lines from Tremont House via Beacon street to Audubon road. III. LEVERETT PARK. Leverett park comprises the broader section of the Parkway included between Tremont and Perkins streets, or from the Riverway to Jamaica Park. Like the Riverway, a considerable portion lies in Brookline, and the main line of the watercourse forms the boundary between the two municipalities. The park was constructed under the cooperation of the two park commis- sions. The name came from a family of local distinction. origi- nally the owners of a large part of the land. The section of the Parkway drive through this park, forming the boundary road on the Boston side. is called Jamaicaway. The Ride and the main walk are also on the Boston side. On the Brookline side “Brook— line road” is within the park, and Pond street forms the boundary road, with provisions for an electric-railway line bordering the park with tracks laid through the grass. Willow Pond road crosses the park diagonally just beyond Leverett pond. A con— spicuous and beautiful building facing the park on the Brookline side is that of the Children’s Hospital. built of brick of a creamy hue. The landscape of Leverett park is strikingly attractive. 10 Pleasant perspectives reveal themselves throughout the widening valley with steep hill-slopes on either side, and pastoral and bosky undulations beyond the blue waters of Leverett pond, the largest of several charming pieces of water that form principal features of this park. In the southerly portion of the park are Ward’s pond and Willow pond, beside a series of shallow pools designed for a fresh-water natural history garden which, under an arrange- ment with the Boston Society of Natural History, was to be estab- lished here. The society, however, has not been able to obtain the funds to carry out these plans, and the future of this section of the park remains in doubt. These pools have been arranged very artistically, and the pro- posed natural history garden would be a most attractive feature. Connecting these pools, and also flowing down through Willow pond by another course from Ward’s pond—which in turn re- ceives its water from Jamaica pond—are sparkling rivulets of clear water, now slipping quietly along, now dashing in cas- cades and rapids under charming circumstances of grassy banks. thickets of shrubbery and sylvan shade. One of these rivulets is close to Brookline road, and forms a vivacious incident in the drive. At one place near “'illow pond it appears in a shimmering fall behind and just beyond the arch of a little rustic stone bridge that carries a footway, and near the end of the road where the brook flows from Ward’s pond, there is a fine large cascade over a ledge. Persons coming outward from Boston by carriage or bicycle over the Parkway. in traversing Leverett park should take care to follow Brookline road. for the enjoyment of this delightful scenery. Brookline road is also shaded at its upper end by beautiful trees. The return should be by Jamaicaway. descent of which affords extensive prospects over the valley. Along Jamaicaway, however, the park scenery close at hand is yet unfinished and correspondingly crude. At the corner of Perkins and Chestnut streets a wooded knoll. sloping abruptly from the road. should be visited for the view. Two picturesque Stairways of stone carry the sidewalks up the slope. An outlook is 10 be built at the highest point, commanding a. remarkably fine prospect over Jamaica pond. with the Blue Hills range in the background. The scenery of Level-ett park. the Riverway and the Fens takes on a new aspect when enjoyed in a water trip. Excellent facilities for this are provided by the Park Boat Service. estab- lished this year. This service has a teinporary station for Lev- erett pond near 'i‘reniont street with canoes and rowboats to let at reasonable rates fixed by the Park Commission (see Marine Park). Rowboats are restricted to Leverett pond: only canoes are per- mitted on the Parkway. Among charming attractions for boating RIVERWAY--BELLEVUE STREET BRIDGE AND FOOTBRIDGE. 11 on Leverett pond are. the two coves crossed by foot bridges, one forming the head of navigation with a little cascade tumbling into it, and the other on the Boston side, is a beautiful sylvan pool. There are also three pretty islets near the Brookline Shore. Canoe- iug on the Riverway offers a constant change of scenes of exquis- ite and tranquil beauty; close as it is to the thronging multitudes, on the water here and in the Fens there is a tranquil sense of re- moteness from the city crowds. In the Fens, also, only canoeing will be permitted, but the service will not be established there until the erection of the proposed boathouse near Agassiz bridge. Skating is not allowed on the Riverway and the Fens, but is permitted on Leverett pond, where in winter the water is drawn down four feet, or so, below the normal level, thus reduc- ing danger to a minimum. ‘ Steam-cars: To Brookline stations (see Riverway). Street—cars}: To Tremont street bridge (see Riverway). 1v. JAMAICA PARK. Jamaica park takes its name from Jamaica pond, one of the beautiful lakes that characterize the scenery of metropolitan Bos- ton, and the largest piece of fresh water within the municipal limits. The pond is the chief feature of the park and forms more than half its total area, thus making it distinctively an. aquatic pleasure-ground. The area of the park is 120 acres. This includes 13 acres of boundary roads, together with 65% acres of water sur- face. The easterly side of the park is formed by J amaicaway; the northerly and northwesterly by Perkins street, which separ- ates it from Leverett park; the southwesterly by Prince street. The lands thus enclosed are just sufficient to assure a suitable landscape frame for the water, and to guard against the intrusion of disturbing elements. Athough the work of improvement for park purposes is hardly completed, the environment of the pond has been materially enhanced in beauty, for the landscape had long been sadly disfigured by the rows of icehouses on the banks. The adaptation of the park for public uses made necessary some changes in the character of the shores, but these have not been radical. To provide convenient approaches to the water paths have been laid out, and these have been combined with gravelly beaches along a considerable portion of the margin, at other points screened by intervening shrubbery. The banks are high on the southwesterly and northerly sides. and well mantled with trees and shrubbery. On the northerly side the dark mass of old White Pines that characterize “Pine Bank,” formerly a beautiful residence estate known as the Perkins place. is one of the finest features of the landscape. This grove of pines covers the greater 12 portion of the several acres included in Pine Bank. From Per- kins street near .l'amaieaway an avenue winds beneath these trees to the former Perkins mansion, an edifice of brick which was in- tended to be utilized as a refectory, but burned last winter. The drive through Pine Bank should not be missed by visitors to the Park. The plans provide for a ter ‘ace in front of the refectory commanding a notable prospect over the pond, with opportuni- ties for refreshment in the open air. In the centre of the terrace is to stand a fountain with a beautiful Cupid modelled by Miss Anne Whitney, presented to the city by a number of public- spirited persons. Opposite Pine Bank, on the southerly side of the pond, was the home of the late Francis Parkman, the great historian of the French in Canada. Here he wrote a large portion of his histories, enjoyed the beautiful prospect, and as a skilled and scientific horticulturist cultivated his garden. A beautiful monument de-» signed by McKim, Mead & \Vhite is to mark the site. This is the first instance of the site of a great man’s home included, by rare good fortune. in a public park. The memorial will be conspicuous. both from the pond and from the neighboring street, whose name it is proposed to change to “Francis Parkman road.” A handsome house on what was formerly the Morse place. on the southerly side of the pond near the Parkman place. is used temporarily as a refeetory. and visitors to the park can obtain refreshment here. The construction of Jamaicaway along the easterly side of the pond has necessitated the formalizing of the bank by the building of a retaining wall along the water. But the water line is so near the top of the wall that the change is not intrusive: it is hardly obser 'ahle from the opposite or even the neighboring shores. and when the bank above the y'all is clothed with sllrubbery it will be still less noticeable. Jamaica pond is a favorite resort for fresh—water boating, and a, landing for the Park Boat Service, with float, has been estab- lished at the northerly end of the wall on Janiaicaway. with a large fleet of beautiful canoes and rowboats, while two handsome electric launches. running at frequent intervals. 0ive opportunity for trips about the pond under the most delightful conditions. with the gliding and noiseless motion. absolutely free from smoke or smell. such as electricity alone 'an give to water-craft with me- chanical motive-power. These launches are run by storage bat— teries. electricity for which is supplied by the ‘Vest End Street Railway Company. (For details of Park Boat Service see Marine Park.) Sailboats are kept on the pond by private parties under special permit. .\ picturesque boathouse after a design by Edmund M. \Vheelwright as city architect is to be built here. It JAMAICA PARK—VIEW FROM SOUTH COVE LOOKING TOWARDS PINEBANK. 13 will also be used for skaters in the Winter months, when Jamaica pond is even more popular as a resort than in summer, the surface being often black with a swarming multitude, and presenting one of the sights of the city. The establishment of a high-class public swimming school in a cove near J amaicaway on the southerly side of the pond is con- templated in the design of the park. It should be noted that the construction of this park, together with that of Leverett park and the Riverway, with the building of the rest of the Parkway through to Franklin park, was carried through within two years under the energetic initiative of Hon. Nathan Mathews, who, as mayor/took a special interest in the development of the park system and was a regular attendant at the deliberations of the Park Commission. The taking of land for Jamaica park was not made until the end of 1892 and the begin- ning of 1893. Street-cars: Jamaica Plain line, Tremont House or Union sta- tion to Perkins street at the corner of Centre street, thence about ten minutes’ walk to the entrance to Pine Bank. Same line along Centre street to Pond street, and about five minutes’ walk to boat landing on Jamaicaway. Also, from Tremont House via Brookline Cypress street line to terminal, and thence about five minutes’ walk via Chestnut street to Pine Bank. Steam-cars: Park square station to Jamaica. Plain, thence about ten minutes west to park. V. ARNOLD ARBORETUM. From Jamaica park to Franklin park the section of the Park- way is called Arborway, after the Arnold Arboretum, which is the great feature of that part of the chain. Arborway between Jamaica park and the Arboretum has a traflic road on either side, 14 enclosing a central planted space with a pleasure road, saddle- path and footway. The design provides for five rows of trees: three in the central space and one along each sidewalk. From Jamaica park to the Arboretum the distance is about half a mile. The Arnold Arboretum is a unique feature in the Boston park system. It combines scientific with recreative functions to a remarkable degree. It is a department of Harvard University and was established from the bequest 0f the late James Arnold of New Bedford, who left $100,000 for the purpose. It is the fort,- most “tree museum” and the largest scientific garden in the world close to the heart of a great city. In fact it is the only genuine arboretum existing, all other collections of trees being merely adjuncts to botanical institutions. Including a large addition just made on the south side the Arboretum has an area of 222 acres of remarkably diversified and beautiful hill and valley country. Including the Bussey institution and the Adams Ner- vine Asylum grounds, all the area between Arborway on the north, Centre street on the west and South street on the east (with the exception of a few acres at the corner of Arborway and Centre street), constitutes a permanently open domain. The greater portion of the Arboretum occupies land that belonged to Harvard University as a portion of the Bussey estate. The Arnold Arboretum was established in its present shape by the cooperation of the city of Boston with the university. In consideration of its value as a feature of the park system and 0f the consequent enhancement of its educational importance, an agreement was made whereby the city constructed the roads and footways through the place and bound itself to maintain them and police the grounds, while the university assumed the care and maintenance of the remaining portion. This was accom- plished through the taking of the entire area by the city by right of eminent domain and then leasing all but the space occupied by the roads and walks back to the university for a term of 999 years, for a merely nominal consideration. In this way about two and a half miles of first-class park roads have been con- structed through the Arboretum, and under an agreement made this yea ' about a mile of additional roads will be built in the same way through the enlargement on the southward. The successful establishment of the Arboretum is chiefly due to its director, Prof. Charles Sprague Sargent of the chair of arboriculture at Harvard T'niversityf and author of two monu- mental botanical works—liis report as chief of the Forestry Divi- sion of the Tenth Census. and “"he Sylva of North America” The main entrance is froln Arborway near the point where it reaches the Arboretum coming from Jamaica park. Here on the right stands the Arboretum Museum. a substantial fireptoof JAMAICA PARK «MOONLIGHT ON THE POND. 15 structure of brick, containing the otfices and laboratories of the institution, beside remarkably rich collections and a superb library presented by Professor Sargent. The main road proceeds southward through a valley to the slope of \Veld hill whence, from the point where it doubles on itself to gain an easy grade, a branch leads to the entrance on Arborway a short distanCe from the Forest Hills station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. The route by way of this branch forms a pleasant and short detour from the Park- way to or from Franklin park. Following the main road, a Short branch near the top of the grade connects with the Centre street entrance, and another branch, by an ascent so gradual as to be very easy for bicycles, winds to the summit of Weld hill where a large circle gives ample standing room for carriages. Here there is a glorious view that has already become celebrated. It com- mands fine prospects on all sides, including a large portion of the Arboretum, the Blue Hills range to the southeastward and the woods of Franklin park to the eastward. W'eld hill has a historic interest as the point selected by Wash- ington to fall back upon in case of necessity at the siege of Boston. W'ashington was undoubtedly familiar with all this locality, for his favorite resting place, the old Peacock tavern, was at the corner of Centre and Allandale streets, about 200 yards away from the hill. Hancock also lived at this tavern when governor. Continuing, the main road proceeds something like half a mile down a gradual slope to the Centre street entrance, where the chief jewel in the Arboretum landscape greets the eye—the famous Hemlock hill, with its bank of hemlock woods forming a steep, dark wall on the southerly side of the narrow, gorge-like valley—a remnant of the primeval forest presenting the same solemnly beautiful aspect that it bore when the eyes of the Puri- tan colonists first gazed upon the spot. Eliot, the apostle. might well have preached to his Indians in this noble grove. At the foot of the slope a brook babbles down through the valley. A walk through the hemlock wood should be taken. The primeval growth casts a shade so dense that absolutely no vege— tation grows on the precipitous hillside beneath the hemlocks, and the solemn hush is intensified by the deadening of the fooifalls on the thick carpet of the delicate hemlock leaves that for centuries has covered the ground, the soft, brown tone diversified only by the harmonizing gray of the rocks that protrude in jagged masses from the slope. A trail leads up the hillside from a point near the rhododendrons that border the road to \Valter street a short dis- tance from the main drive. Just before reaching Hemlock hill a branch from the drive 16 leads westward up the valley to the Walter street entrance. Near this entrance a continuation of the road will lead to the new part of the Arboretum and, in connection with a road from a second entrance from South street just beyond Hemlock hill, make the circuit of the enlargement, which includes the greater portion of Whitney hill whence there is a prospect even more extensive than that from \Veld hill. It may be noted that through the Arbore- tum. as in other parks, footways follow the general lines of the roads on either side. Visitors to the Arboretum should, when possible, for the sake of the extraordinary charm of the first impression, enter by way of South street. a walk of not over ten minutes from the Forest Hills railway station. The most impressive view of the slope of Hemlock hill with its hanging wood is thus gained. Thence walk or drive to the ‘Valter street entrance; then returning, follow the main drive with detour to W'eld Hill, and thence to the main entrance on Arborway. This substantially reverses the order described in the approach from Jamaica park. Coming from that direction this preferable route may be taken by following Arborway to South street and thence to Hemlock hill as aforesaid. The Arboretum is designed to contain every species and variety of tree and shrub that will flourish in this climate. The greater part of the planting has been done. and the trees are given the most favorable conditions for development. They are planted in two y': ys, each species or variety being represented by single specimens and groups. As single specimens they are assured the amplest room for expansion. Furnished at the start with the most liberal supply of the soil that their nature requires, their growth is remarkably rapid and healthy. In the order of planting the regular botanical sequence of groups and species agreed upon by modern authorities and observed by Professor Sargent in his “Sylva of North America" is pursued as closely as practicable, beginning at the Museum. near the main entrance with the Magnoliacae and following the general lines of the drives, terminating at the “'alter street entrance with the larches. By a fortunate circumstance the existing oaks and chestnuts. of which strikingly tine large specimens were already in existence on the grounds. fell into their natural place in this sequence. It is intended to cover almost all the area with the plantations, leav- ing no open lawn or meadow spaces as in other parks. \Vherever trees naturally grow with underwood. thickets of shrubs cover the ground. and so far as possible these are planted with the trees to which they are related. Although the arrangement is scientifi- cally formal. and the visitor sees a gradual progress from species to species. no formality is evident to the casual observer. the ARNOLD ARBORETUM—SOUTH STREET ENTRANCE. 17 impression given being that of a natural sylvan park. Pains have been taken to give the roads so far as possible the aspect of typical New England woodland ways, breaking the regularity of the lines by encouraging shrubs and herbaceous plants to stray in a natural manner over the borders. As nearly all the planta— tions are in their early stages of growth, the present aspect of this naturally beautiful landscape gives little idea of What it promises to be when the trees are well grown. . In the valley near the Forest Hills entrance a complete collec- tion of shrubs has been arranged in botanical order with special reference to convenience for study. There are three miles of walks through the collection, and every shrub that will grow in this climate may easily be seen. Street-cars: Jamaica Plain line from Tremont House or Union station to Soldiers’ monument on Centre street, thence walk by Centre street about five minutes to Arborway and main entrance. Egleston Square lines via Shawmut avenue or Washington street to Forest Hills railway station, thence about five minutes” walk to Forest Hills entrance on Arborway, and ten minutes by South street to entrance at Hemlock hill. Steam—cars: Park Square station to Forest Hills, thence as above. VI. FRANKLIN PARK. Franklin park is the great rural park of the Boston municipal system. Its area is 520 acres, but from its compact shape, as well as by reason of its command of extensive prospects of perma- nently sylvan and pastoral scenery, it has the effect of being much larger than it actually is. It was originally called the West Roxbury park, by reason of its location. In 1885 the name of Franklin park was adopted in honor of one of the most eminent sons of Boston. As Benjamin Franklin took the keenest interest in the welfare of the common people it was felt that no more fitting monument to the memory of the great philosopher, states- man and patriot could be created than in a grand popular pleas- ure-ground, where multitudes would find recreation and healthful exercise. In its landscape character Franklin park is typical of New England pastoral scenery with areas of rocky woodland. and was selected for its capabilities as the most extensive piece of ground with a pleasingly simple rural aspect in the near neighborhood of the urban population. The main purpose actuating its design was to adapt it in the fullest possible measure to the obtaining. on the part of the multitude. of the restful, health-restoring recrea— tion obtained from the enjoyment of beautiful rural scenery. In 18 his “Notes on the Plan of Franklin Park,” included in the report of the park commission for 1885, Mr. Olmsted remarked: “Scenery is more than an object or a series of objects; more than a Specta- clej. more than a scene or a series of scenes, more than a land— scape. and other than a series of landscapes. Moreover, there may be beautiful scenery in which not a beautiful blossom or leaf or rock, bush or tree, not a gleam of water or of turf shall be- visible. But there is no beautiful scenery that does not give the, mind an emotional impulse different from that resulting from whatever beauty may be found in a room, courtyard or garden. within which vision is obviously confined by walls or other sur- rounding artificial constructions.” To counteract a certain oppression of town life, manifest in excessive nervous tension, over-anxiety, hasteful disposition, impatience, irritability, the- purpose has been to give the scenery of Franklin park the sooth- ing charm which lies in the qualities of breadth. distance. depth, intricacy, atmospheric perspective, and mystery. “Is not a con- siderable degree of refined culture necessary to the enjoyment of' rural scenery sympathetically with “lordsworth, Emerson. Rus- kin and Lowell?" asks Mr. Olmsted. “To enjoy it intellectually, yes.” he replies; “to be affected by it, made healthier. better, happier by it, no.” And he shows that the men who have done the most to draw the world to the poetic enjoyment of nature have, in large part, come from lowly homes, and been educated in inexpensive schools. and he instances Burns the ploughboy. Millet the peasant, and Leon Bonvin, the bar-keeper of a wayside tavern. Beside the main purpose of a great park. in meeting the need for the enjoyment of rural scenery, there are various subordinate uses for which there is certain to be a strong popular demand and which if properly provided for in laying out the plan will guard against the intrusion of incongruous elements in places where they may work unspeakable harm. To this end. something like one—third of the ground has been designed to answer purposes- relatively to the main park analogous to those of a fore-court, portico and reception room, with minor apartments opening from them for various special uses, and to which it is desirable that access should be had at all times without entering the main park, forming what Mr. Olmsted terms the “ante-park." There are about six miles of drives not including the boundary roads. two miles of bridle-path and thirteen miles of walks. THE COUNTRY PARK. The Country park. which is about a mile long and three— fourths of a mile wide. is divided from the “ante-park" sections S C A L. E S ‘CIOC 80100 30.00 I LL! \// 20c 400 600. sec MEIRCS W J _. \l Map of FRANKLIN PARK. ELUCO’ TDALE . (7.3“. : flung I ' ‘ [I ‘ ‘1 . at v . 7 f 'fi‘a‘fté'mj/ .- / l'if-piv‘ tq/ {it}??? 7 > / . '3 _~'~. 1 ..‘ q 3. ' inc ' ARNOLD ARBORE’I‘UM—GLIMPSE IN HEMLOCK WOODS. 19 by the transverse trafiic street, called Glen road. It is so separ- ated from the other sections by gates and walls as to be closed at night, while the other parts may be lighted and used. The intru— sion of all purely decorative objects is carefully guarded against in the plan, and a wholly natural aspect, so far as is attainable with popular use, is aimed at, the roads and paths being simply regarded as means of convenient access to the various parts of' interest without injury to the landscape and in a way to disperse the visiting crowds widely in all parts. In most parts the turf is kept short by sheep rather than lawn mowers; showy vegetation and tawdry adornment are eschewed. “The plan looks to its being maintained in quietness; quietness both to the eye and the ear. A grateful serenity may be enjoyed in it by many thousand people at a time if they are not drawn into throngs by spectacular attractions, but allowed to distribute themselves as they are otherwise likely to do. The design aims to provide that from no part of the Country park division shall anything of an artificial character in other divisions intrude itself upon the vision." A large portion of the Country park is wooded and adapted to the use of picnic and basket parties, especially small family parties. Various conveniences for these have been created and others are to be prepared as occasion demands. Tennis courts, croquet grounds, archery ranges, and small lawns for children’s- festivities are planned in connection with suitable picnic grounds at localities like the Wilderness, Juniper hill, Waittwood, Heath- field, Rock Milton, Rock Morton, Abbotswood and on the western slopes of Scarboro hill. On Schoolmaster’s hill a long terrace has been covered by arbors with vines on trellises and furnished with tables and seats, with compartments intended specially for family basket parties. The outlook here is on the broadest and quietest purely pastoral scene that the park can offer. Adjoining the arbors is a house for shelter, with a parcel room and closets, and opportunity for obtaining without charge hot water for making tea. ‘This pictur— esque building was designed by the late Arthur Rotch. School- master’s hill was named from the circumstance explained by a commemorative tablet of bronze on a rock near the east end of the line of arbors. The inscription reads: “Near this rock. A. D. 1823—1825, was the home of Schoolmas- ter Ralph Waldo Emerson. Here some of his earlier poems were written; among them that from which the following lines are taken: . “011, when I am safe in my sylvan home, I tread on the pride of Greece and Rome, And when I am stretched beneath the pines ‘Vhere the evening star so holy shines, 20 I laugh at the lore and the pride of man, At the. sophist schools and the learned clan,—- For what are they all, in their high conceit, When man in the bush with God may meet?” Ellicottdale is a meadow of about eight acres, central to nearly all the picnic and basket party grounds. It has an irregular and shady margin. This space is specially reserved for lawn games in which young women and girls participate, like croquet and lawn tennis. A walk from William street, passing under the Circuit drive by Ellicott arch, gives convenient access to this meadow, and on the north side of the arch is a house of stone. designed by Edmund M. \Vheelwright as city architect, and called Ellicott House. Here assignment of ground for play may be obtained, needed implements hired, and outer garments left in lockers. South of Ellicottdale a walk and a branch of the main drive wind gradually to the summit of Scarboro hill, with an extensive prospect. immediately overlooking the great central meadow of the park. cropped by a large *flock of sheep. The Dairy. planned for the slope of this bill, has not yet been established. This Dairy is designed to meet the necessities of picnic parties in this part of the park and to supply to all a few simple refreshments such as are recommended for children and invalids; more espec— ially fresh dairy products of the best quality. “Cows are to be kept in an apartment separated from the main room by a glass partition, as in the famous exquisite dairies of Holland and Bel- gium: and those who desire it are to be furnished with milk warm from the. cow, as in St. James park, London. Fowls are also to be kept and new-laid eggs supplied.” This district slopes toward the prevailing summer breeze; is sheltered on the north; is already agreeably wooded, and will be a place at which invalids and mothers with little children may be advised to pass the best part of the day. Scarboro pond lies at the foot of Scarboro hill. to the. south- ward. It is an irregular, river-like piece of water, with provisions for beating in summer and skating in winter, when the level is reduced four feet for safety and to admit passing beneath the bridges. A striking feature of the scenery here is the precipitous face of Rock Morton rising abruptly from the water. Only about half the pond as planned has yet been made. It receives the sur- face drainage of the park from a brook that winds through the central meadow, and is reinforced in dry seasons by water from Jamaica pond. A beautiful house for boating and skating, de— signed by Edmund M. “711ee1w1'ight as city architect. has not yet been erected. The Park Boat Service (see Marine park) has canoes and rowboats on the pond. with excellent arrangements for their use. FRANKLIN PARK«~PART OF ELLICOTTDALE. 21 THE PLAYSTEAD. The Playstead is the northernmost section of the park. Its main feature is the magnificent playground of thirty acres, a nearly level field of turf with groups of trees here and there. It is designed for the athletic recreation of the city’s schoolboys, for occasional civic ceremonies and exhibitions, and other purposes likely to attract crowds of spectators. The Overlook forms an elevated platform for spectators; a terrace 800 feet long, with an irregular front built of boulders cleared from the Playstead, and overgrown with vegetation that harmonizcs it with the natural scenery. Looking towards the Overlook from the opposite side of the Playstead this growth of vegetation so unites the terrace with the bank of trees behind that its existence is hardly percep- tible except for the large roof of the shelter building, quiet and gray in tone like a huge rock, and with gentle convex curves. The building was designed by 0. Howard XValker. This shelter building serves as a retreat in inclement weather and has a stand for simple refreshments served in excellent style by J. A. Hendrie & Brother, whose large catering establishment is near the easterly side of the park. An arch in the Overlook wall gives direct access to the basement from the Playstead field, so that players may conveniently gain access to the lockers, lava- tories, etc. Here in the basement there is also a station for park- keepers with a lock—up, a women’s retiring-room, and a coat-room. Between the arch and the basement there is a charming little sunken garden where rhododendrons and other plants flourish luxuriantly. The Overlook is shaded during the afternoon by the woods behind, and spectators of games and other ”proceedings on the meadow look away from the sun. THE GREETING, AND OTHER DIVISIONS. The Greeting, with its adjacent divisions, the Music Court and the Little Folks’ Fair, has not yet been constructed. The Greet- ing is to be a formal promenade or meeting—ground. half a mile in length, composed of a series of parallel and contiguous drives. rides and walks. with a special way for bicycles. The plan provides for monumental, architectural and various decorative adjuncts here, although they are not considered essential. Suita— ble positions are provided for statues, water—jets. floral baskets, bird—cages, etc. If statues are desired in the park for any occa- sion they will be assigned appropriate locations here, and no— where else. Electric lights are contemplated both for the Play- stead and the Greeting. and as they are designed to be free from underwood they will be adapted for use by night, as well as by day. like the Parkway. Together they will form an unenclosed ground nearly a mile long across the park. 22 The Music Court. adjoining the Greeting. will be a sylvan amphitheatre for concerts. The Little Folks’ Fair will, as its name implies, be a popular feature for the entertainment of children, so enclosed as to pre- vent straying and combine freedom with safety. The plan thoughtfully provides for a great variety of games and amusing exercises and exhibitions, including swings, scups, see-saws, sand- courts, flying horses, toy booths, marionettes, goat carriages. donkey courses, bear pits, etc. The Deer Park, on the other side of the Greeting, will supply a range for a small herd of deer. Sargent’s Field, adjoining the Deer Park, will provide a play- ground for tennis. etc., on the easterly side of the park. Long Crouch Woods, adjoining the Playstead on the east, is reserved for use as a zoological garden. This division bears the name by which the old Colonial road, now called Seaver street. was originally distinguished. The Steading is a rocky, sterile knoll, screened by woods. re- served as a site for the permanent offices of the park. The name refers to the offices of a rural estate. REFECTORY HILL. Refectory Hill is the site of the great restaurant for the park. “The large building, designed by Hartwell & Richardson. will be opened for use in 1896. It is a structure of light-colored brick and . terra cotta, 121 feet long by 69 feet Wide, with a large restaurant and a private dining room on the ground floor, and staircases leading to a roof-garden with pavilions on each corner, connected by covered galleries on three sides, the remaining space open to the sky. The pergola. built upon a terrace similar in construction to the Playstead Overlook, is on a level with the main floor, paved with brick and with a trellised roof supported by open groups of wooden columns. This terrace commands extensive Sylvan pros- pects. \Vhile all the other park buildings are simple and pictur- esque in character. the Refectory is marked by an elegance of style in keeping with its site and purpose. In connection with the Refectory is a carriage court and a circular range of horse—sheds for the convenience of visitors. Being close to one of the principal entrances, its location is remarkably convenient for its purpose. For visitors by street—cars, as the objective point of a drive out over the Parkway, a dinner 01' supper at the Refectory will form an attractive motive for excursions to Franklin park on pleasant days through the open season, and for sleighingr parties it should also be a popular rendezvous. Meanwhile their want is met in large measure at the handsome establishment of J. A. Hendrie & FROM HAGBOURNE HILL. FRANKLIN PARK——BLUE HILLS q 6) a 0 Brother on Talbot avenue, overlOoking Franklin Field, near Blue Hill avenue, a short distance to the southward—a large restaurant building with private dining rooms and one of the most beautiful ball rooms in Boston. The landscape design of Franklin park is notable for the pure simplicity of artistic feeling with which existing features have been developed in a way that restores the ground to nature :and gives the scenery an ideal character. The result fully realizes the intention expressed in Mr. ()lmsted’s notes. Th formal intro- ductions are placed in landscape obscurity, and in the leading features of the ground no change in its original aspect has been made except to give “a fuller development, aggrandizement, and «emphasis to What are regarded as the more interesting and effect- ive existing elements of their scenery, and of taking out or sub- »ordinating elements that neutralize or conflict with those chosen to be made more of.” To sequestrate so far as possible the scenery of the park, bordering plantations of woods will, when sufficiently grown, exclude the conflicting elements of the outer landscape formed by the gradual growth of the city in the neigh— borhood. On the other hand, by the developing of vistas and the shaping and framing of prospects by suitable foregrounds and modulated contours, permanent features of the outer landscape are efiectively utilized in the park scenery. Foremost in this respect is the way in which the Blue Hills of Milton, themselves now a great public pleasure-ground, have been made practically a part of Franklin park by incorporating them into the scenery with the greatest effect from many points of view, their noble, mountain—like undulations presenting the state- liest of backgrounds. For example may be cited the first glimpse of the range presented at the entrance to the Playstead from Walnut avenue, at the north. the blue summits just lifting them- selves above the rise of the green meadow in the foreground. ecomple ing an enchantingly pastoral picture. Then, the full view of the easterly portion of the range from the southerly end of the Playstead Overlook at the end of the long valley whose hither slope is formed by the great central meadow of the Country park; the hills five miles away and the first mile within the park. Another view. already famous, is that from the Hagborne hill Outlook in the Wilderness; entirely sylvan in character. the eye perceiving hardly anything except woodland until it strikes dis— tant villages at the foot of the range. Other important views of the range are obtained from Scarboro hill and various points on the Circuit drive. Of two broad fields of extended vision in the park one is that from the Playstead Overlook, above mentioned, and the other is a c 24 the outlook westwardly from the Refectory terrace, Where the view extends permanently to the tree-tops of Forest Hills ceme- tery and to those of the Arboretum; both backgrounds ever to remain clothed with trees. The axes of these two main views cross nearly at right angles about midway between the two hang- ing woods of Schoolmaster hill and Abbottswood crags. This locality is at the centre of the park and is considered the pivot of the design. Looking in the general direction of either axis. Mr. Olmsted points out how a moderately broad, open view is to be. had between simple bodies of forest. the foliage masses higher than the central lines. “From wherever these larger prospects open the middle distances will be quiet, slightly hollowed surfaces of turf or buskets, bracken, sweet-fern, or mosses. the back- grounds formed by woodsides of a soft, even, subdued tone. \vith long. graceful, undulating sky lines, which, according to the point of View of the observer on the park, will be from one to five miles awav.” ' A contrast to the open part of the park is the romantically picturesque, rugged and rocky section, best visited by following the Circuit road. or neighboring walks, between Scarboro hill and Rock Morton, Rock Milton, Waittwood, and Juniper hill, through a part of the 'Widerness, and between Hagborne and School— master hill. This character of scenery is intensified in the upper part of the Wilderness, which is penetrated by a loop from the Circuit drive, passing by winding courses among the rocks. A similar episodical purpose is served by the branch drive to Scar— boro hill. A striking feature of the scenery through July is the enchant- ing floral spectacle offered by the blossoms of the Rosa. W'ichuri ana, a Japanese wild rose first introduced at the Arnold Arbore- tum. Franklin park is the first place where it became established. It was tried experimentally in the planting and rapidly became a prominent element in the landscape when in bloom. It has a creeping habit, covering the wayside borders and clambering over the rocks in splendid masses of snowy bloom. The names of localities in the park were carefully chosen by Mr. Olmsted with reference to local circumstances, historical or topographically descriptive. and were applied when the plan was made. They are mostly of plain English origin. and are often coupled with appropriate terminals. Examples of old homestead names are Scarboro Hill. Hagborne Hill. \Yaittwood. Rock Morton and Ellicottdale. Nazingdale is from the birthplace of the first settlers. The ancient Indian footpath used in the earlier commu- nications between Boston and Plymouth passed through the park, and 01d Trail road. being nearly on its line. commemorates it. Resting Place is a name that approln‘iately marks a shady knoll \ upon Which the first military company formed in the Colonies for armed resistance to British authority rested on its march home from the fight at Lexington and Concord. The captain and lieu- tenant of this company belonged to families that once had homes on the park lands, and from them the names of Heathtield and Pierpont road are taken. The region called the “'ilderness was referred to in records of the early part of the eighteenth century as “the Rocky “'ilderness Land.” Sclioolmaster Hill is named from the circumstance that \Villiam Emerson and his brother, Ralph W’aldo. while keeping school in Roxbury. lived in a. house on the east side of this hill. In private letters which have been preserved Emerson referred fondly to the wildness and rurality of the neighborhood. In the various roads and walks the main purpose is to provide for a constant mild enjoyment of simply pleasing rural scenery while in easy movement. and by curves and grades avoiding unnecessary violence to nature. Every turn is suggested by nata- ral circumstances. The Circuit drive has at no point a grade steeper than one foot in twenty-five. or four per cent. and in the branch drives the steepest grades are one in sixteen. or less than six per cent. These grades have been easily obtained and the roads as a rule coincide with the natu'al surface. and slightly below it as a rule. so as to be less conspicuous from a distance.__ While the saddle-paths. as designed, are two miles in extent. including the double riding course in the Greeting. as yet uncon- structed, together with those in the Parkway there is a continuous saddle~path six miles long and from twenty—four to thirty feet wide. ultimately to be well shaded. There are ten entrances for both drives and footways. with eight special foot entrances in addition. There are beside. five carriage entrances and two special foot entrances to the Country park at convenient points. The main entrance may be called that by the Parkway near Forest Hills. which is carried over Forest Hills street by a handsome bridge of monumental character. with steps communicating with the street below. This gives con— venient communication for a line of street—cars soon to be estab- lished here. while pleasure traffic is carried out of the way of funeral processions and general traffic. The most popular entrance at present is that on Blue Hill avenue, near Refectory hill and the beginning of the proposr-d Greetina. Most of the visitors coming by street—cars come to this entrance, which is the starting-point for the park carriage ser- vice, admirably conducted by Messrs. Bacon & Tarbell. A handsome shelter of stone. with tiled roof. is provided here for passengers waiting to take the carriages. These are handsome vehicles with seats for eleven passengers. in which the 26 drive through the park may be taken as comfortably as in a pri- vate carriage. The carriages start at frequent intervals. The fare for the round trip is twenty-five cents, and checks permitting passei gers to stop over at the principal points, continuing the trip by subsequent carriages, are given. Persons wishing, for example. to enjoy a basket lunch at Schoolmaster Hill may take a stop-over check, dismount at the nearest stopping place to that point, and proceed by another carriage When desired either from the place of dismounting or from some other stopping place men- tioned on the check, to which a pleasant walk may be taken. In this way also the views from the Playstead Overlook. Hagborne hill Outlook and Scarboro hill may be enjoyed at leisure, a boat may be taken at Scarboro pond, or . game of tennis or croquet may be played at Ellicottdale. The drive covers the entire circuit of the park, including the loop and branch roads. Park carriages may also be specially engaged for a trip over the Parkway and through the Arnold Arboretum. The Playstead entrance from “'alnut avenue has a special interest by reason of its fine view of the Blue Hills, pre- viously described. This entrance is opposite School street and is reached from the Egleston Square cars by a walk of tWo or three minutes. This is the nearest carriage entrance to the park from Columbus avenue. which has been extended to VVal- nut avenue opposite Seaver street. A foot entrance to the park is at the corner of Seaver street and Walnut avenue. Col- umbus avenue, as soon as its extension is constructed and the street—cars run over it, will form one of the most convenient and direct approaches to the park. Other carriage entrances are by Old Trail road from Seaver street on the east. opposite Humboldt avenue: from Canterbury street on the south to Circuit road: from Morton street on the west. to Circuit road near Rock Milton: and from Sigourney street on the north by Glen road. which. with Glen lane. forms a traffic road across the park. sunken for a part of the way so as not to mar the grand prospect southward from the Playstead Overlook. For guidance in walks through the park the plan given in this book may best be consulted. Large, copies of the plan are promi- nently displayed in the various shelter and other buildings. Street-cars: Blue Hill avenue and “'arren street lines from T'nion Station; or Cross-town lines from Union Station or Tremont House via. Huntington and Massachusetts avenues to Blue Hill avenue ent 'ance. Also Egleston Square lines from Tremont House or Union Station via Shawmut avenue to corner of School and \Yashington streets. Jamaica Plain. thence to Playstead en~ trance: or to Forest Hills station, thence by Arborway or Morton street. to Parkway entrance. 27 Steam-cars: Park Square station to Forest Hills; thence as above. New York & New England station, Federal street oppo- site Summer, to Mount Bowdoin, thence to Blue Hill avenue entrances less than ten minutes. Persons leaving the park towards evening, particularly on Saturdays, Sundays and holi- days. might avoid a crowd by taking the steam-cars. VII. FRANKLIN FIELD. Franklin Field, though not adjoining Franklin park, is in its immediate neighborhood, a few minutes to the southward on the Dorchester side of Blue Hill avenue. It may be regarded as an annex to Franklin park, and is intended for use for base ball and other games played by men, also as a military training field for musters, reviews, mock battles, etc., and for public meetings in the open air. It has an area of seventy acres and is well adapted for the purpose. In the winter the meadow is flooded and used for skating, forming a large and safe pond for that purpose. It is one of the most popular skating grounds in Boston. The large restaurant of J. A. Hendrie & Brother, on Talbot avenue close by, is a pleasant place of refreshment for skating parties and for persons resorting to the field for summer sports. It is conveniently reached by the street-cars from Blue Hill avenue and is but a short walk from Carleton station on the New York & New England Railroad. VIII. MARINE PARK. Marine park, at City Point and Castle Island, South Boston. terminates a projected system of pleasure-ways connected with the central sections of the city and the main chain of parks and parkways by means of the great cross-town thoroughfare. Massa- chusetts avenue, which from Columbus avenue eastward has a boulevard character. with central planted spaces. Massachu— setts avenue crosses the main park system at Commonwealth avenue, and at Harvard bridge connects with the projected im- provement of Charles river on both the Cambridge and Boston sides. It also comes within a short distance of the Parkway at Boylston street and at \Vestland avenue. From the easterly end ,of Massachusetts avenue. at Dorchester Five corners. a shore- ward system 01’ pleasure-ways begins with Dorchesterway. a parkway 110 feet wide, running easterly to the shore of Dorchester bay at Old Harbor, near the ancient Calf Pasture. Dorchcstcr- wayr is under construction and nearly completed. From the Calf Pasture to Marine Park. a distance of nearly two miles, the park- way continues under the name of Strandway, following the shore all the way. The construction of Strandway awaits the requisite CITY OF DOSTO‘I *4 PARK Dmnwm HEAD-HOUSE 'e- PUBLIC DATH J‘UTEM ~MNzINE DARK '50ch EMUND M.\AM‘HVDI(INT wow AMHI‘ 29 appropriation for the purpose. As designed, it will be a beautiful shore drive with a total width of 110 feet, with a broad road. walks, planted spaces, etc., including a strip of clean sandy beach. ‘ The plan contemplates the improvement of the beach bath for men and boys at the foot of L street, the oldest, most frequented and popular public bathing-place in the United States. Strand- way will, on its completion, be one of the most attractive features of the park system, with its continuous and varying prospects over the bay and its shores, the Blue Hills rising majestically to the southward, and open to the free sweep of the prevailing summer winds over the water. At City Point the Strandway drive enters Marine park and is planned to be continued to and around Castle island. Marine park is a unique feature of the park system and already. in its unfinished condition, is enormously popular. Its simple. but re- markable ingenious, plan utilizes for recreative purposes in the fullest possible way the advantages of the site, both natural and suggested by its fortunate location—boating. sailing, bathing. and the enjoyment of sea ai ‘ and the varied spectacle of the maritime life of the harbor and bay. The plan provides a “Pleasure Bay,” nearly land—locked and consequently with smooth water, always safe for rowing and sailing. Pleasure Ray is enclosed between the great iron pier that extends far out into the water on the southwesterly side of the park and Castle Island on the east, forming a fine sheet of water. the shores making a horseshoe cur 'e with a long sandy beach. Castle island is at present con- nected with the mainland by a temporary bridge of wooden piling which will be replaced by solid filling. with the exception of the drawbridge that spans a navigable channel. The greatest rendezvous for yachting in the United States has for years been at City Point. Hundreds of pleasure craft of all kinds are kept here. with moorings in the shallow water to the southward of the point and off Strandway, covering hundreds of acres of water-surface. The yachting activities. with the craft lying at rest or flitting about under snowy canvas. skimming over the blue water like great seabirds. give a never failing interest to the scene. It is the policy of the park department to encourage this feature of the place and make the yachting facilities more convenient and agreeable than ever. Various yacht—clubs have long had their headquarters here. and when the shore land was taken for park purposes due regard for their privileges was had by setting apart a strip of ground between Strandway and the water and leasing it to them as sites for their clubhouses. Between the yacht-clubs and the head of the pier there is a public landing place. with a large float. Here the Park Boat Ser- vice has its most extensive activities. The boat service is de- 30 signed as one of the most important elements of recreation in the parks, Boston having opportunities for aquatic pleasure far beyond those of most American cities. Steps have just been taken to utilize these on a. large and comprehensive scale. The park commission has made a contract with Mr. W. E. Sheldon, a lead- ing Boston boat builder, for supplying a boat service under condi- tions that assure the greatest degree of public enjoyment and security in its use. The service extends to all the navigable waters in the parks, and over 200 boats of various kinds are already in use at Jamaica, Franklin, Leverett and Marine parks. Charlesbank and the Riverway—rowboats and canoes, steam- boats, electric launches, naphtha launches, etc. Particular strees is laid upon having all boatmen specially skilled in their duties, well disciplined, neatly attired, courteous and attentive. It is required that they shall know how to swim. to rescue and resuscitate drowning persons, and maintain good order. The boats are of first—class character, light, graceful. strongly built and handsomely equipped. Moderate rates of fare are charged, as follows: OMNIBCS AND FERRY BOATs,r11nning ove1 a. prescribed course, 10 cents per passeneer for each trip, not exceeding twenty minutes ThII’ ox SrEAMnoArs, not exceeding one 110111"), -5 cents. Two hour t1ips, 50 cents. SAIL BOATs, under 24 feet long, with Sailing Master, $.1 25 per hour. One- half day, 871: one dav SS. SAIL BoATs, 24 to 30 feet long, 82 pe1 hour, 88 per one- half day, 515 per day. FISHING BOATS. — l’el 110111,. . . 25 cents. l’er one- half day, . . $1. 00. Per da1v,. $1. 50. Fishing: Outfits and Bait will be furnished at reasonable cost. How boA1\ 1111 ( A\oEs. — Week- days, except Saturdav Afternoon and Holidavs :l’er 110111, . . 80 cents Per one- half day, . . $1. 50 Per dav, 122.00. Satu1day After,noo11s Sundavs and Holidavs 1’e1 hour . . 40 cents. Per one- 1-1a11t' dav, . . $2.00. 1’01 dav 33.50. How Boats with Cushions 71 cents per hour extra. 110w Boats with Oarsman. 271 cents per hour extra. No Boats let for less than One Hour. One hundred five-cent Coupon Tickets for use of Boats, $3.75. STORAon AND ('ARE o1= BOATS. 110w Boats, 75 cents per week. Sail Boats of 20 ft. or less, $1.213 per week. Here at Marine park there are various boating features in addition to those in the other parks. Beside sixty rowboats and canoes there is a large fleet of sailboats. and two fine steam launches make excursion trips out into the bay at frequent inter- 31 vals. Two handsome naphtha launches also furnish a pleasant ferrv service to and from Castle Island. It is intended to in- crease the Park Boat service from year to year and probably, as soon as practicable, connect the water-front pleasure grounds-- Marine and Wood Island parks, and that now under construction at the North End—With each other by a steamboat line. . The great pier serves for a promenade and a resting place for the enjoyment of sea air and of maritime scenery. It terminates at a small artificial island which is to be covered With a great double-decked structure where thousands may sit With salt water about them on every side and subject to the full sweep of the breezes of the bay, with the effect of being on a huge steamboat anchored out in the harbor. At the entrance to the pier is a pic- turesque building designed by Edmund M. Wheelwright as city architect in the style of many of the medieval municipal council- houses of German cities, and suggested by the beautiful German government building at the World’s Fair at Chicago. In the plastered panels of the exterior are decorative designs in “sgraffi- to.” executed by Max Bachmann, the sculptor and decorator, after sketches by himself and drawings by Mr. VVheelwright. These designs, in figures and arabesque, depict the story, historical and traditional, of Boston bay. Sgraflito work is a favorite form of mural decoration in Italy and Germany. It is done by incising through various layers of colored cement according to the effect desired. The term is Italian, and signifies “scratched” or “in- cised." This is the first example of the process in this country. The building is flanked 011 each side by raised platforms for promenades extending to the pier. Below and between these platforms are 500 dressing rooms for bathers, the adjacent beach being designed for a general public bathing place for both sexes. 0n«the ground, or terazzo. floor is a general waiting-room. with retiring and toilet rooms for men and women. Under the prome- nades are oflices for park—keepers and other officials. ()n the second floor are two large cafes, adjacent to the promenades and connected by a corridor and service rooms. On the third floor is the restaurant, with kitchen, etc. Several acres of the ground are devoted to lawns, trees. shrub- bery, etc. Opposite the end of Broadway a bronze statue of the great naval hero, Admiral Farragut. by Henry Hudson Kitson. is appropriately located, in full view of the bay with its processions of ships. A space has been reserved in the northerly part of the pan; for an aquarial garden, with salt—water pools for amphibious ani— mals, and marine mammalia, like seals. walruscs. porpoises, etc. A handsome aquarium building has been designed for this place. Castle Island has been given by the national government into 32 charge of the park department for recreative uses. Fort Inde- pendence being now regarded as of no military value except in case of emergency. This island was the first fortified place in Boston bay, and its name comes from the old “Castle,” as the, original British fort was called. Since the introduction of long- 'ange guns its strategic importance, as commanding the entrance. to the harbor. has ceased. Fort Independence still remains in charge of a. sergeant of the regular army, and the general public is not admitted. At the southward of the fort near its gate there is a pleasant shaded place with large elm trees, and the island forms an attractive place for promenade, rest, and enjoyment of the extensive maritime scenery on every side. from the reaches of Dorchester bay and the various islands seaward on one side to the main ship channel on the other, with its passing steamers and sailing craft. large and small. far up into the busy inner harbor towards the Navy Yard at Charlestown. The spectacle here is one of the most beautiful and attractive on the Atlantic coast. Of the islands in the bay. Thompson's island is the one nearest at hand. to the southeastward. separated from the picturesque rocky headland of Squantum. in Quincy. by a narrow channel. It is the seat of the Farm School. an admirable educational insti- tution for the benefit of poor and worthy boys. A steam launch "runs between Marine park and the island for the convenience of the school. Being diversified with groves and groups of trees Tl‘hompson‘s is the most beautiful of the islands in the bay. Across the main ship channel to the northward is Governor’s island. so called from its having been owned by Gov. Winthrop. and the fortification which occupies it is called Fort Tinthrop. Street-cars: All South Boston cars marked City Point. from Scollay square. Adams square. Postofiice square. Park square. ['nion station. East Cambridge and Cambridge (latter by way of Park squarel. run to Marine park. Cars to the park run from all the steam-railway stations at frequent intervals. On South Bos- ton cars that run only to Dorchester street free t'anst‘ers are given to City Point cars. The lilies through South Boston run either by Broadway or by Bay View and Eighth street—the latter route. which is a few minutes longer. passing near the line 01' Strandway, and at various points commanding views over Dor- chester bay. The pleasanter street route. however. is by way of Broadway. which is arched by beautiful elms. IX. CHARLESBANK. Charlesbank occupies the shore of Charles river for a stretch of something like half a mile. between “'est Boston and Craigie bridges. It was designed to give a pleasant and ample breathingL 9 e no space to the people of the densely inhabited tenement district close by. Its varied, thoughtfully devised and well administered facilities for popular recreation and exercise make it a place that should be visited and studied by all interested in social and muni- cipal economy. Open to the prevailing summer breezes from the broad river basin, it has brought pleasure and health to many thousands, while it has saved the lives of hundreds of infants who otherwise would have perished from cholera infantum for lack of fresh air. The multitudes that resort hither on pleasant summer evenings make Charlesbank one of the notable sights of WOMEN'S GYMNASIUM, CHARLESBANK. the city, and one that must rejoice the heart of every lover of his kind. Charlesbank has a broad promenade along a river—wall, guarded by an iron railing where a long. straight row of lamps makes a beautiful glittering line of light along the margin of the river at night. This adjoins a long stretch of gently undulating grassy ground, planted with trees and shrubbery. and coursed by pleasantly winding paths. The promenade is lined with seats facing the river, and some of these are shaded by awnings and reserved exclusively for women with infants. Near either end of the river-wall is a bastion. with exceptionally geod views over the .Nb : L Q.“ me‘xxo 4.131.; ‘. ,.. .. I...) . .t. .L‘. [v.la..,: . . $244,}. , . -.d on 11 . Er D D D U 935:9 D PS: 2:80 flicks {3:0 M m S A N M M . lL.. .7. r; u = 5:. .er. .t g r ;3 . . C.:,. VI 1:: .3: or :5 n w G 2 G D U m.5u\§§\‘ DQQESWSREQB r—lllytlly x‘ ..... /,. Mn. AND M “$4.6... A: D E mHH .xxtfihQ .. M 5“ c 0 Q0396 Paw! 35¢ Sfixi. gnu M. ...../ Sum 3323: W NM: a. x w fig M «93‘ka s bxxo‘Kv D . l D U Mcaxéx D<¢n§PR§3D /,:\ .«ouk MSESQ . k ;. .Lflgflfid .‘JL .JPI. fl. .1335) 3.3 JJ 3.x. NQ‘?M\§'1.,1 1311- $1., ent ‘.~:‘i4 ;! :14:va Ias— 2 ,R” .13" ton 3 T. ~- mock :11.‘ 31’”: 1m, «3- "est i-J ~ ‘ ark, nile 2.111" ‘ .ave ._ rm, ery. ’n‘ 11... I": the Lills. the .895. e to »~ the ocks ,7 .1 «a :ient ,; V ly a. ; ~ , » inge .7‘ ~i if. as a Lonal n‘ub— 1at a \ - axe, 1 ~- that SKETCH MAP. OF Middlesex Fells- __. —————— 7' ouc: . (ARRIAC E ROADS ...............a WOOD ROADS 0’? OR'OLE JAWS. . 01 Vi 1w 11 111 1%} th 0f (10 1u1 (in 1'0: In} in; t‘lw b0 Inn 11“ 311'( $31“ }(‘ :vli t11( Ili 1)0: 101 CO I 501 1‘1] 1'01 do: \Vil 1m} s1n I\V‘ row I;u 111C ‘2‘. 49 is joined by a branch running southerly from Hillside street at the westerly base of Tucker hill. Randolph avenue, the old Boston and Randolph turnpike. crosses the range through Randolph pass. The service road strikes the avenue at the point where Forest street, from Milton. joins the latter. The road ends here, and to traverse the easterly section of the reservation Randolph avenue must be followed about a mile to the northerly boundary of the reservation, whence a second service road runs easterly. The main elevations of the easterly section are Chickatawbut, Bear, Kitchamakin, Nahanton. Fox, \Valnpatuck. and Rattle- snake hills, together with a picturesque ridge called the Broken Hills, and, on the northerly margin. Great Dome, Little Dome, and Pine Rock. Streamside ledge is 011 the southerly margin. overlooking the Monatiquot. The road passes along the northerly slope of Chickatawbut, largely through an open country com- manding grand sweeps of vision. Chickatawbut is named for the chief Indian sachem of this region; it is the second highest eleva- tion of the range, 518 feet high and of noble contour. The ‘pros— pect from the summit is a magnificent one, rewarding the ascent particularly on account of the nearer view over Boston and Mas- sachusetts bays. The road continues across the slope of Nahanton hill and along the foot of Fox hill to just above Twin Brook swamp and down the easterly slope of the range to the boundary, thence following Purgatory road and \Villard street to West Quincy, where the station on the Granite branch of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad is a little more than half a mile from the reservation. The granite quarries of West Quincy have a strong picturesque interest, with their wildly broken scenery. their forests of derricks. and the gnome-like activities of the quarrymen in and about the chasms deeply hewn into the hills. Prof. “'illiam O. Crosby. in a report on the geology of the reservations included in the Metropolitan Park Report of 1895. pronounces that of the Blue Hills of exceptional importance to students. being virtually a key to the geological structure of the entire region. The formation is a complex of granitic rocks (granite and felsite) and the Cambrian slates, the most ancient rocks of this region; both geologically and topographically a solid wall of the older formations—the core of an ancient: range many thousands of feet high. Mr. Manning describes the vegetation of the reservation as a nearly uniform deciduous covering, broken only by occasional small groups of pines, and'hy dark patches of cedar on the shrub- covered ledges and hilltops. He says that it is not likely that a single acre of the reservation has escaped the woodcutter’s axe. unless it may be the stunted growth on a few hilltops, and that 50 of the few large trees now standing it would be rash to assert that any of them are over 200 years old. Most of the area is “sprout land" covered with stumps from which spring sprouts that form an inferior class of trees. But while there is now but. little sylvan beauty. he says that this will come in time. “After all. it is but the garment of the splendid hills and valleys from which are obtained the magnificent panoramas and beautiful views that impress every one with the value of the reservation.” Most visitors to the Blue Hills will take the route above described. beginning at Readville. To many, however, it may be more convenient to reverse the route, beginning at West Quincy. Carriages are to be had at the Readville station of the New York, New Haven & Hartford, or may be specially ordered for trips through the reservation by telephone from Boston to livery stables in Hyde Park or Quincy. A pedestrian trip through the range is full of interest, and is a matter of a day. There are yet no ret'ectories in the reservation and luncheon should be taken along. One of the pleasant places to enjoy lunch is on the margin of Hoosicwhisick pond. III. THE MIDDLESEX FELLS. The great wilderness reservation of the Middlesex Fells has exceptional importance in the history of the Boston park move— ment as the subject of an agitation for a public domain, main- tained for many years by the three venerable lovers of nature, now dcad—Elizur \V’i‘ight of Medford, W'ilson Flagg and John Owen of Cambridge—together with many other earnest and pub- lic-spirited people. The public sentiment aroused by this agita- tion finally led to the establishment of the Metropolitan park system. The final act in the conversion of this magnificent regiou into a public reservation took place on Feb. 2. 1894, when 1,583 acres were taken by the Metropolitan Park Commission. In con- nection with various previous acquisitions for water—supply pur~ poses by the cities of Malden and Medford and the towns of Mel- rose and “‘inchester, and for park purposes by the tOWD of Stone- ham. together with a. tract given into charge of the Trustees of Public Reservations, this act unified the entire territory in a great public domain of nearly 3.200 acres of land and water. The Middlesex Fells lies in the five municipalities of Maiden. Medford. Melrose, Stoneham and I’ilic‘liestei'. 1n the earliest Colonial days it was known as “The Rocks" and subsequently as the “FiveMile “'oods.” A large portion of the territory was at first common land. held by the adjacent towns. In 1879 the author of this guide first applied the name of Middlesex Fells in an article in a Boston newspaper describing the region as particu- \ MIDDLESEX FELLS—CRAGS NEAR MALDEN. 51 larly suitable for a great public forest domain. The name, in its application to New England landscape of the old Saxon term for wild rock—hills, common in England and corresponding to the German “felsen,” struck the popular fancy, and, adopted by the Appalachian Club at the recommendation of the Malden Scientific Field Club, has ever since been retained. The character of this reservation is that of a plateau whose surface is minutely broken into numerous comparatively small hills. bowls and vales. In the words of the landscape architects. “The landscape pleases chiefly by reason of the intimate mingling.r of many types of scenery and objects of interest. Here is a cliff and a cascade, here a pool, pond or stream, here a surprising glimpse of a fragment of blue ocean, or again a faint blue vision of a far distant mountain.” Mr. Manning, in his report on the vege- tation of the reservation, says that it was the stately timber and the Wilderness in which it stood that impressed the early observ— ers of the Fells region. One of the first explorers of this “uncouth wilderness,” as it was called, was Governor Winthrop, who made the following often quoted entry in his diary: “Feb. 7, 1632. The Governor. Mr. Nowell, M. Eliot and others, went over Mistic river at Medford; and, going N. and by E. among the rocks about two or three miles, they came to a very great pond, having in the midst an island of about one acre, and very thick with trees of pine and beech; and the pond had divers small rocks standing up here and there in it. which they therefore called Spot Pond. They went all about it upon the ice. From thence (towards the N. W. about half a mile) they came to the top of a very high rock beneath which (towards the N.) lies a goodly plain, part open land and part woody. from whence there is a fair prospect; but it being then close and rainy, they could see but a small distance. This place they called Cheese Rock, because when they went to eat somewhat they had only cheese (the Governor’s man forgetting,r for haste, to put up some bread).” Cheese Rock is supposed to have been the precipitous north- ern end of Bear hill, and that name is now applied to the locality. Spot Pond is now somewhat larger than when Winthrop saw it. its waters having been raised by damming, first for water-power, and again to a still higher level for water-supply purposes. It has been selecred as the distributing reservoir for the northerly sec- tion of the Metropolitan Water District. A notable circumstance connected with the island in this pond is related in Marsh’s cele— brated work on Man and Nature, in the fact that the species of trees on this island are the same, and also cover it in the same proportion, as the trees on the land about the pond. Spot pond is one of four beautiful large sheets of water that form one of the 52 most prominent elements in the scenery of the Fells. the other three bexng the reservoirs for the, \Vinchcster water-supply, artifi- cial and of recent origin. but having. with their irregular and rocky shores. the appearance of natural lakes. Governor C 'adock, who was granted land in 1634, included in his property of about: 3.500 acres a. large share of the southern part of the Fells. The region was valued for its tine timber; great quantities were used for the ship—binding industry of Medford; it v: s a leading source of fuel for domestic use and for brick- making. and the b ‘autit'ul canoe-birch. once abundant here. was practi willy annihilated for the manufacture of shoe-pegs. Large sections of the land were also cultivated and pastured. the evi— dences of which are still plain even where it has long since re- verted to wilderness. “Never can the views from the hill-tops of the Fells compare in variety, grandeur or extent with those from the Blue Hills." says Mr. Manning: “never *an the. views over v'ater. from hill to hill and to valley. be so beautiful or so 'aried in the Blue Hills as they may be in the Fells. 0110 *an hardly ask for a more attrac- tive combination of land and water. Even the artificially im- pounded waters of the reservoirs are not expected to be such until their dams are encountered. Of course the wonderful vari- ety and the grandeur of the primitive forest have long since disappeared: but with all the destruction of 250 years there is still much that is beautiful. and there are few dismal wastes of burned and falling brush. Large areas covered with deciduous trees are less frequently spotted by scattered. single pines than at the Blue Hills. Where the pine appears it is in large groups. or broad masses that are so well disposed with the surrounding deciduous growths that beautiful lands ‘ape effects are produced. Great heniloeks appear in places with the pines. and do much to add to the beauty of the forest scenery.” To see all the points of interest in the Fells would require several visits. and the drive over existing roads would occupy more time than most persons could give in one day. Two main highways t 'averse the region from north to south: Forest street in Medford continuing on the westerly side of Spot pond as Main street in Stoneham. and l~llm street in Medt'ord on the easterly side as \Voodland road in Stoneham. joining. at the northerly end of the pond, Pond street. which is a continuation of Wyoming avenue from Melrose. Ravine road enters the rescr 'ation. fork— ing from \Vyoming avenue~ and running to \Voodland road. \Vashington street. from Maiden. largely l'orming the easterly boundary. enters the reservation. crossing Ravine road and join- ing Pond street at; the “lied Mills." now the otiices ot' the reser- vation. MIDDLES X FELLS—THE CASCADES. 53 The southeasterly section of the Fells is the wildest and most romantic part, with high cliffs and narrow valleys. The service roads which have been built through this section give little idea of its beauty, for they follow the lines of old wood roads through the hollows and command none of the prospects that: here abound. being mostly bordered by young coppice oak. The Bear’s Den entrance is the principal one on the southerly side of this section, in Malden. The main approach to this will be by the eastern branch of the Middlesex Fells Parkway. to be constructed this year from Pleasant street in Malden and through Fellsmere park to the southerly boundary road. in connection with which it is ultimately to form a parkway circuit, with a planted space for electric cars, together with the westerly branch of the parkway from Salem street in Medford near the Malden line to the proposed boundary road at the foot of Pine hill. It is de- signed ultimately to ‘arry this parkvay to Broadway square in Somerville, forming the most direct route between Boston and Cambridge and the Fells. At present the principal entrance from Malden is from Sum- mer street by the boundary road to the Bear’s Den entrance. Thence the road ascends J erryjingle Notch—the name comes from the loose stones in the former gullied old wood road that caused the carts of the farmers to “jingle" down the steep slope— and branches just beyond the summit. The easterly way. which runs across the reservation to the Melrose side near “'ashington street, is without special interest in itself beyond furnishing a pleasant drive through young woods. The westerly way runs to “'oodland road past Hemlock and Shiner pools and near Cairn hill. Hemlock pool is a beautiful bit of woodland water. bor- dered by ledges and hemlocks. Cairn hill is marked by the Cairn. or “Stone Monument,” a pile of rocks of unknown origin and evidently designed to extend the view. This is the highest point in the reservation east of Spot pond and commands remarkaby fine prospects 011 all sides: to the eastward Lynn W'oods, Naham'. the bay and the ocean; to the southx'ard the great metropolitan population of Greater Boston densely massed throughout the Boston basin. veined by the waters of the harbor and its estuaries and encircled by a. wall of rock—hills from the Blue Hills. sixteen miles away to the Menotomy hills of Arlington across the Mystic 'alley to the southwestward. The mountains of the interior lift their heads to the westward and northward. ("ollege hill in Med— ford. with the clustered buildings and chapel tower of Tufts. is a prominent landmark. These southerly elevations in the Fells. near Malden and Medford. something more than six miles from the State House, form exceptionally good points of view from which to gain an idea of the extent of Greater Boston. 54 Fells station in Melrose is the nearest point to the Cascades, and the greatest number of persons from Boston who visit the Fells on foot take the trains to this point. At \Vyoming station convenient conveyance may be had in the barges and carriages from the Langwood Hotel which meet all trains here. From Mel- rose station the northeasterly section may be entered on foot from near the end of Emerson street. From Melrose Highlands station. there are electric 'ars to Stoneham, whence it is a little more than a. mile to Bear hill. Tall cliffs of remarkably noble form mark the easterly verge of the Fells near the lascades of Shilly-shally brook, which comes tumbling down the rock-wall in several beautiful falls between Black Rock 011 the south and \Vhite Rock on the north. From near the Cascades northward the easterly section of the reser'ation is marked by the finest and most extensive tree- growths in the Fells. Magnificent groves of white pine cover a great part of this region, including Virginia “'ood, the charming tract near Spot pond. coursed by the 'avine of Spot pond brook, given in charge of the Trustees of Public Reservations by Mrs. Fanny Tudor of Stoneham in memory of her daughter, whose name it bears. The. celebrated Ravine road is marked by a stately growth of hemlocks between Virginia ~Wood and Langwood Trail. In the neighborhood of Spot pond, bordering \Voodland road, is an arm of private property occupied by the Langwood Hotel and several stone villas. The Langwood is a large summer hotel and many visitors to the Fells will find it convenient for luncheon or dinner. From here the westerly section is reached by two ways: Pond street—past the northeasterly section, interestingly varied with wood and meadow land, traversed only by footways, and contain- ing the small sheet of Doleful pond, more attractive than its name implies, and Saddle—back, \‘amoset and \Vhip hills—and the north boundary road past Sheep Pasture Point to Main street and Bear hill. The second way crosses from “'oodland road to Forest street just south of Spot pond. The views up and down the mile-long pond from both these ways are fine. The service roads in the westerly section traverse much inte1= esting and strikingly varied scenery. From near Porter Cove. Spot pond, a, road passes between Middle and South reservoirs over the Causeway past Molly‘s Spring, with delicious cold water. to Winchester at Mount. Vernon street. A branch follows the eastern shores of Middle and North reservoirs, running northward through delightful sylvan. pastoral and lake scenery past the westerly base of \Vinthrop and Bear hills. Branches from this road and from Main streets r\ach the Fit ges of these two bills through Dark Hollow. Bear hill is 370 feet above the sea. and v"; :‘4 ' MW'HHWHN" .3: ‘ ' — u . ”Wham?” gllml‘17'gMEQVfW ‘ P N\\ . "IJ1((1i'?1"""WW‘ . WW” I l ,. ‘4 ,7\ - ’ J.» . w. Jrrmmmtirm ' ‘ I, I ‘ ~ "W w M371, If}? ) ,1 "W?!" , r,‘.tmni}‘[[n"?Z/fi "/44. . Wu” 'w/u [WWW-m d“ ‘1”, Yr. W an {x ‘ .r , W. 2‘ . ,I -.r,'/ 'I/‘i’l/ q -‘_M Vic—LN” ._, ' 7‘ ’ ‘ ‘ , ‘1' ' ")1“ ‘ .' H V“ /3fiji£’,w”5'u" w”, M l , < ~ .. fqul‘ , ' ,, ' w. /“fiu. ,x’ ”max-\Jxfl, /fi" ' X ' . 1 ‘ .7 1' ~-.. 4 v "-4“ I I”: . R» t > " v ' ‘QV‘X' —‘ «2‘ _ J '- \\‘”h h \ by) ‘ "BM NW” .1: ' ' ‘ «' WWW" y \ WINCHESTER NORTH RESERVOIR. 56 a. lookout tower built by the Appalachian Club carries the point of view to a height of an even 400 feet. This is the northerly outlook point of the Fells, and commands a glorious panorama of wilderness, Sylvan. rural and ocean scenery. Far to the south- ward the vast metropolitan population spreads its sea. of houses in the hazy distance. with the State House dome exactly seven and three-fourths miles away. The mountains, from Wachusett to Monadnock and beyond, show much the same as from the Blue Hills: to the northeasty'ard the great asylum in Danvers is a landmark: the Atlantic fills the east with its majestic expanse; on nearly all sides stretch the wild undulations of the Fells, with blue lakes in the valleys. and merging in a seeming wilderness that beyond. on nearly every side. is but dotted here and there with islets of human habitation. though the most populous sec- tion of New England. (in the “'inchestcr side of South reservoir a road runs through the southerly section almost to the western base of Pine hill. From the railroad station at Medford square to Pine hill the distance is about a mile. Pine hill is the southern outlook point of the Fells. Jutting far out into the plain of the Mvstic valley it commands extensive views. largely of a suburban Char- acter. In the lovely valley of Inter 'ale broolt. at the eastern foot of the hill, is the homestead of the late Elizur “'right. “the. father of the Fells." His children generously gave the land about and including Pine hill in memory of their father. and near by Owen‘s “'alk and Flagg's “'alk commemorate his venerable colleagues. “'i‘ight‘s pond. Cudgel cave. and \Venepoyken, Silver Mine and Gerry hills are features of this section. From the Winchester station the \Vinchester section is reached by Mt. Vernon street. Notable in this section are Boston Rock. Rocktield Ridge. Quigley Quarry. Nanepashemet ,hill. Squaw Sachem Rock. Grinding Rock hill and Money hill. Cran- berry pool is a pretty bit of water near Nanepashemet hill. whence there is a tine view over the Mystic and Abcrjona valleys. with the. large populations of “‘iuchester and “'oburn. To see the main features of the Fells the following drive may be advised: Bear's Den entrance. Malden. to “'oodland read. thence by l‘oud street to north side of Spot pond. return by Pond street and \Vyoming avenue to llavine road. “'oodland road and south of Spot pond to Forest street. thence across Causeway and return along the reservoirs to end of road at northern foot of Bear hill. thence return. and by branch to Bear hill summit. thence by Main and Forest streets to Med ford. Carriages may be ordered at Maiden. Medt‘ord. Melrose. “'inchester and Stoneham. All the roads are practicable for bicycles. though having abrupt grades in places. LS WWI PINE HILL, MEDFORD 58 There are also many foot and bridle paths in all directions where one may wander for hours with a sense of absolute seclu- sion from the outside world. This constitutes the great SPI'VICI’. of these woodland reservations; the opportunity to lose one’s self in the wilderness and escape, for the time being, from jarring contact with the nervous distractions of modern city life. Street—airs: Scollay square to Malden (walk from \Vestern Division B. & M. R. It. station by Summer street to Boundary road and Bear‘s Den entrance); to Medford square (walk one mile to Pine hill); Lymi & Boston line from Chelsea square via Malden and Melrose to Stoneham near easterly and northerly sections of the Fells. IV. BEAVER BROOK OAKS. The first act of the Metropolitan Park Commission in the ful- filment of its trust was the taking of the tract of land along Beaver brook in Belmont and \Valtliam containing the magnifi- cent oaks. and the cascade that was sung by Lowell. Though small in size it is of great importance by reason of its remarkable landscape beauty and its associations with one of the greatest and noblest of American poets. Its area is 581/; acres. but its rural character is on nearly all sides insured against the intrusion of discordant elements by the posssesion of very large neighborng tracts by the McLean Asylum for the Insane. the Convalescent Home of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the @chool for Idiotic and l<‘eeble—)linded Youth. A large part of the cost of taking this Beaver Brook Reservation, as it is called, was met by a. gift of 312.500 from Mrs. Elisha Atkins of Belmont and her son. Mr. Edwin l”. Atkins. The li‘itchburg Railroad and the Central Massachusetts line of the Boston & Maine border the reservation, and their “’averlcy stations are. within five minutes walk. The site occupied by the oaks, the finest group of their kind in the United States. forms one of the most beautiful pastoral and park-1ike lands‘apes in the neighborhood of Boston. The oaks grow along the line of a. kaine. as the geologists call the drift for- mation believed to have been created by the action of sub-glacial streams. This kanie is a remarkably fine example of its kind. Its serpentine form. with Beaver brook flowing swiftly at its base, gives beautiful diversity and finely modelled contours to the landscape. The grand old trees were originally called the Beaver Brook Oaks. but when “'averley station was established near by that name became their popular designation. 'l‘heir old name is now restored. Mr. L. L. Danie. in his "Typical Elms and Other Trees ‘of l\Iassachusetts.” says that while solitary oaks as large as these OAKS AT BEAVER BROOK. 59 are not uncommon, it is not likely there is another group of such noble trees within the Eastern states. “With one exception, they are white oaks, now twenty-five in number. The sturdy individ- ualism characteristic of the oak pushes now and then to the verge of eccentricity. Each differs from its fellows; each is worthy the pencil of the artist; as a whole they admirably illustrate the variant types of the species.” Agassiz once roughly estimated the age of a hollow tree, prostrated by the wind, at 1000 years. Nearly fifty years ago one of the smaller trees was cut down and Lowell counted its rings. They numbered over 750. Mr. Dame says that the largest, and presumably oldest, of the group, may well have sheltered Leif Ericsson beneath its branches, and must have been at its best when Columbus rediscovered America. It is on the northern slope of the kame, is about fifty feet high. and five feet from the ground is 18 feet, 7 1/12 inches in circumference. Trapelo road divides the reservation into two sections: the larger portion, containing the oaks, lies south of the road. and the northern portion is just wide enough to give a sylvan seclu- sion to the valley of the brook. This part, which is bounded on the east by Mill street in Belmont, includes two small mill- ponds. The brook courses through a well wooded ravine. strewn with moss-covered granite boulders. The cascade above fills the air with the music of its waters, which tumble over a granite ledge. The whole locality was a favorite haunt of Lowell, and it did much to stimulate his keen love of nature to poetic expression. It. was this cascade that he sung in his poem of Beaver Brook. one of his noblest and most exquisite lyrics, full of humane sentiment, and picturing a brighter future for the toiler, as well as exquisite pictures of local features. The mill of the poem has disappeared. with the great wheel that tossed “armfuls of diamond and of pearl.” But we still have “the loose—piled wall" of the dam that hems in the pretty mill-pond that Lowell aptly called a “small pitcher,” and “sweet Beaver, child of forest still,” will henceforth bear its proper name. Steam-cars: Union station by Fitchburg and Boston & Maine trains to W'averley; eight miles. twenty-two minutes. V. LYNN WOODS. The inspiring example of the establishment of Lynn Woods as the second largest municipal pleasure-ground in the United States furnished the immediate incentive to the movement that resulted in the metropolitan park system of Boston. “Such is the gift which the good God, working through social history and natural history and statute laws and the hearts of men, has given to the present and future people of Lynn,” wrote Edward 60 Everett Hale. Ten miles from the State House and within the Metropolitan Parks District, this magnificent public woodland is practically a part, of the Boston system corresponding on the north to the Blue Hills, which lie at the same distance in the opposite direction. It came about in this wise that the city of Lynn dedicated 2,000 acres, or one- t11i1d of its entire men, to pub- lic uses, reconstituting as a public domain a region that for nearly a century Was held in common, for it was not until 1706 that it was divided 11p among the freeholders: Three different causes led to this consummation. The wilder- ness region offered excellent advantages for an additional water- supply that was urgently needed. By damming the outlets of several swampy valleys between the rocky hills and clearing away the growth, a series of beautiful ponds was created, with a capacity of many millions of gallons. I11 their general aSpect these ponds are. not to be distinguished from natural lakes. Then to assure the water against pollution by human occupancy of the drainage are as the greater portion of the surroundin" lands was taken by the 31 ater- boald. to be prese1ved in a state of nature. The second factor was a movement on the part of several nature- loving citizens who conceived the idea of securing as much of this territory as possible by gift or by purchase with voluntary con- tributions. A Board of Free Public Forest Trustees was chai- tered by the I egislature to hold in trust for the people of Lynn whatever of this wild land should be conveyed to them. The late C31us M. Tracy, a distinguished naturalist and antiquarian. headed the movement. 71y this plan various scattered holdings of about 1 )0 acres. all told. were secured. But there was no avail- able means for connecting and unifying these tracts. and the movement came to a standstill. So the general park act was re— sorted to, with its power of condemnation The act was accepted by the city and, $20 000 having been raised by piivate subsu‘ip— tion, an appropriation of $0,000 was made by the city in 1889. “With this sum not only was enough land secured to make the entire area 1.000 acres. including 300 acres of water-surface. but several miles of pleasant road were constructed. The total area has recently been increased to so111ething over 2000 acres by co- operation between the park and water-boards, together with several gifts of land. The landscape situation of Lynn is fortunate The sea is at its feet, and the ocean su1f b1eaks 111andl3' upon its celeb1ated beach. On the other side the 1ock3‘ woodland stretches away. and its irregular. tree-covered pronmntories come down into the town whose dense mass of houses retreats into the valleys, bring- ing to mind when seen from a distance. the sea-waves as they surge 11p against a. ston3 sl1o1 e The rugged hills form a portion ' m LYNN WOODS—GLEN LEWIS ROAD. 61 of a range that runs inland and forms the northerly rim of the Boston basin. This region resembles the Middlesex Fells in many ways, but in its tree-growth it is far superior to the Fells and the Blue Hills. Nearly every tree native to New England is found here. Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted, when consulted in relation to the place, expressed great admiration for its natural character, and he said that it oifered rare opportunities for those forms of recreation which experience shows to be of the most use to the great body of the people of a city. The entire region has now a genuine forest character, though early in Colonial days a large portion was cleared for pasture and tillage, and rude old stone walls run through the woods to this day. lts central landscape feature is a grand woodland amphithe- ater, overlooking which, from almost any point, little can be seen but wood, water and rock. Several summits command views over the ocean, with the city in the middle distance, and Nahant appearing to be moored to the mainland by the slight thread of its isthmus. There are wide views southward, west ward and northward; in the former direction the Blue Hills rise above the entrance to Boston bay, with the coast sweeping in a grand curve from Cohasset hither-wards to the Point of Pines, and the Saugus and Revere marshes spreading far inland close at hand. To the westward and northward the mountains of the interior show much the same as from the Blue Hills. Within the woods the broken shores of the ponds reveal themselves here and there, with bold crags and steep slopes about them. The aspect of the region changes with the seasons; in the summer the outlines are softened by foliage that snbdues the rugged basis, the rocky formation appearing only at intervals and giving picturesque accent. “’hen the leaves fall the rough nature of the land asserts itself and the scene frowns with Puritanical sternness: tempered, however. in sunny weather, by the exquisite violet tinge which the peculiar hue of the porphyritic rocks lends to the landscape. Several days might be spent in these woods without exhausting the wealth of scenery and the beauty of its sylvan nooks. In the southward section Dungeon Rock is a romantic place with a magnificent growth of old pines about it. Here two de- luded treasure-hunters, Hiram Marble and his son, under “spirit guidance.” searched for over twenty—five years for the treasure of the pirate, Thomas Veal, which tradition said was buried in a cavern whose entrance was destroyed by the great earthquake of 1658. The search was abandoned only at the death of the younger Marble, a few years before the place became the property of the Public Forest Trustees. In their search they excavated a tunnel about 150 feet long through the steel-like rock, twisting to and fro. There are three main entrances, two on the city side and one 62 on the west. First is that to the Great “'oods road, with elec- tric ‘ars from Lynntield street to a point near Glen Lewis pond where there is a small building for shelter, refreshment and general information. This is the most convenient approach from Salem, Peabody. Swampscott. Nahaut and Marblehead. The Dungeon Rock entrance is on the south on \Valnut street at Sadler’s Rock. and is also reached by electric rars. A beautiful road runs past Breed‘s pond to Dungeon Rock. The Belt line electrics run farther along “'alnut street to a point near Birch pond where there is a footpath across the reservation to Dungeon road. There is also a footpath entrance from Lynnfield street near St. Mary's cemetery. All these approaches are convenient for persons coming from Boston by thin and taking the street- cars at the Cent 'al station. The western entrance is from the Old Beading road to the dam at the foot of “'alden pond. leaving the road at a point near the crossing of a canal. The Newbury- port turnpike is but a few rods away and forms the most direct approach from Lynntield. Persons coming by carriage 01' bicycle from Boston. Cambridge, Malden. Melrose, etc.. by way of Saugus will find this the most convenient approach. The roads in the woods are excellent for bicycles. although occasionally too steep. There are something over six miles of road in the territory. Great “'oods road follows generally the. line of an ancient wood road of the same name. It runs along the steep southerly slope of Glen Lewis and “'alden ponds. past Echo Rock. with a fine view over Glen Lewis. 0n the left Boulder path runs across country to Dungeon Rock by way of Burrill‘s hill—the highest point in Lynn “'oods. 280 feet above the sea—and past a noble group of gigantic boulders. Three roads diverge a little farther on: the left-hand way the Mt. Gilead loop. the middle way Dun- geon road to Dungeon Rock. and on the right. Great “’oods road keeps on to “'alden pond. At the summit of Mt. Gilead, 267 feet above the sea. is one of the most beautiful prospects in New England; a view which Mr. Olmsted said would make Lynn “'oods famous. The hillside drops almost precipitously into the amphitheater of Tomlins sy‘amp. An unbroken wilderness fills most of the range of vision. The nearest glimpses of civilization are “'akefield in the northwest. beyond a reach of tranquil meadow. and the Boston vicinage to the southward. To the southeastward is Massachusetts bay. Near at hand is a small building for shelter and the park office. Paths lead to the North View and the South View with varying and extensive prospects. Dungeon road runs from Dungeon Rock by way of Hemlock Ridge and under the cliffs of Mt. Gilead to Great Woods road. Glen Lewis road runs from Great \Voods entrance along the northerly side of Glen Lewis pond. across the dam that separates // / ’L/ EMA imbyl’mfl on hm Mu: __ . M Noll] M hillnvt —_ monograpbhav‘lflluu ...—. or ....._. LYNN WQQDS LYNN. MASS} ‘ ‘ ‘wflhfio '01 7”: Lym Parkcamlm by John M ”cam . w 5.56,; g; 7 ‘ ‘}?1:°l’*@: )0 3?; A; ) Ag. x ’ \m \ ’"' .zcuuw ~ ’ . -‘ JZMIr-WA M frlylnd Myt- :nu-mmummw \L M7 R L \ '*\tx¥ \_ x .. *r=r<, \ (0‘ \\ 4: \ \Y /*‘KI I. if: r c. ; X V k\ ‘\ '\ 1 r , #‘49 4‘. , a” , ‘_ .‘ x 1'5" ”3?- \ :. IL?\.\E§ / W \- T‘ ‘7". \ i ‘5 /“7 W i , 71“., .fi \ ._ \\, . l l x ;\ ‘51 63 it from “'alden pond, and on the southerly side of the latter to the western entrance, sweeping around the cove that receives the waters of Penny brook. Undercliff path runs from Dungeon Rock across country to this cove, a walk of two miles through a region of exceptional interest. A secluded ravine on the way is named Glen Dagyr in honor of the \Velsh shoemaker who came to Lynn and founded its great industry. Old Man’s \Valk is by a long, low ledge near the head of Penny Brook. Here an old hermit-like man named Hawkes, suffering from asthma, sought relief by living entirely in the open air, and every day. winter and summer, in all weathers, he would wander about these wilds, umbrella ever in hand. Large stones which he placed at convenient points. served him as seats. Here at this ledge he would stand or sit for hours, so motionless that the shy, woodland creatures would seem to recognize him as one of themselves, and even the young foxes would sport about him as fearlessly as kittens. This spot is therefore called Fox Ledge. Penny brook bridge is a rude structure of stone built in the early days by farmers who, every time they passed. would con- tribute a penny until it was paid for. The way through Penny Brook Glen is exquisite in its sylvan loveliness. Tall pines and hemlocks shade the clear, amber-hued brook flown g among moss- covered boulders. The Ox Pasture section is a wilderness of rolling hills, with a fine tree—growth, covering about 400 acres to the northward of Glen Lewis and W’alden ponds. It is a maze of rocks, swamps and cliffs, with many spots where the oak, pine and hemlock have attained great size. N o roads have yet been constructed through it. The \Volf—Pits are a remarkable feature of this section. They were built by farmers over 200 years ago. They are two in num— ber. rectangular in shape, long, narrow and deep, lined with rock laid with remarkable evenness and in a state of perfect preserva— tion. It is related that one morning one of these pits contained two strange occupants: a squaw and a wolf, crouching opposite each other at either end of the excavation, into which, on the same night, the wolf had first fallen and then the squaw. Both were paralyzed with terror. A third pit is on the island in Breed’s pond, formerly a knoll in a swamp. The electric cars of the Lynn & Boston Railroad run from the Central Station of the Boston & Maine Railroad to the several entrances of Lynn ‘Voods at frequent intervals. Electrics also leave Scollay square for Lynn every fifteen minutes. 64 VI. THE OCEAN SHORE. The establishment of seaside reservations, to assure to the people forever the coveted right of free access to the shore, is one of the most important elements in the scheme of metropolitan park improvements. The chief of these reservations is that of Revere Beach which, contemplated from the first, has just been made possible by the authorization of a loan of a million dollars for the purpose. This summer, therefore, the entire beach, for a stretch of over three miles from the blulfs at Beachmont to the Point of Pines, becomes public property. A plan is under consid- eration whereby the reservation may be extended southward along the “'inthrop shore to Great Head in \Vinthrop at the , entrance of Boston bay. A gift of most of the land required is promised for this purpose. This would give a grand stretch of over six miles of ocean shore. Revere Beach is one of the finest reaches of shore on the Massachusetts coast—a grand crescent of surf-fringed sands with the Lynn “'oods and the rock-hills of Saugus for a background beyond the wide green marsh levels. lts accessibility—only twenty minutes by ferry and steam—cars from the heart of Bos- ton. and reached by electrics from all parts of the north metropol- itan region—has made it immensely popular, notwithstanding its disgraceful condition, marred by shanties and all sorts of low resorts. These encumbrances will all be cleared away, the Bos- ton, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad will be removed from the crest of the beach to a. new location, and replaced by a sightlv occanside way, with drive, walk and promenade, upon a long. sweeping curve extending the length of the beach. Revere Beach is reached by the Boston, Revere Beach & Lynn Railroad (ferry from Atlantic avenue station), and by the Boston & Maine. Eastern division. to Crescent Beach. Oak ISIand and Point of Pines. The Lynn & Boston Railroad electrics reach the beach at Crescent Beach and also by way of Revere street. By the latter route cars also run from Maldcn. connecting with lines to Melrose. Stoneham. “'oburn. “'akefield, Reading, Lynn and Medford. LYNN, NAHANT AND SWAMPSCOTT BEACHES. Other public beaches to the northward are those of Lynn, Nahant and Swampscott. Swampscott bay, on which these beaches front. has a shore of extraordinary beauty, forming a curve of almost horseshoe shape. with alternations of glittering sands and picturesque rocky headlands. woodland backgrounds and elegant villa sea-fronts, while the bold contour of Egg Rock, with its lighthouse. makes a striking accent in the scene. At the 65 foot of Nahant street, in Lynn, there is a fine reservation called Oceanside, recently established by the city of Lynn. Adjoining. there is a continuous stretch in Nahant of something like two miles, comprising the two necks limiting the mainland with Little Nahant and the large peninsula, with a water-frontage for most of the way both on Swampscott bay and on Lynn bay. To the northward the Lynn park board hopes eventually to construct a promenade and sea-wall in place of the present wooden bulkhead along shore. and connecting with the public beaches beyond. King’s Beach in Lynn and Swampscott, recently taken by the Metropolitan Park board and transferred to the care of the local boards of the two municipalities, and Phillips, or Fishermen's Beach in Swampscott, taken by Swampscott for park purposes. VII. THE RIVER VALLEYS. A third element in the scheme of metropolitan improvement is the reservation of the river banks so far as possible, both for sanitary reasons in preventing the pollution of the waters and the establishment of nuisances along the shores, and because such lands with their adjacent waters offer particularly attractive facilities for various forms of popular recreation. Notable prog- ress has been made in these directions both on the Mystic and the Charles. MYSTIC RIVER. In the valley of the Mystic, including the Aberjona river above the Mystic ponds, free gifts of land and takings by the town of Winchester have led to the adoption by the Metropolitan commis sion of a plan by which a line river and lakeside parkway from the centre of Winchester along the easterly side of the Mystic ponds to High street in Medford will be secured. This will give a continuous stretch of over three miles of water—way and drive. The opportunities for boating are remarkably good. CHARLES RIVER. Along the Charles river a large extent of the shore has already been reserved for various purposes. Of the sixteen miles of bank bordering: the tidal portion of the stream from Craigie bridge to VVatertown bridges seven miles had already been acquired by various public and semi—public agencies when the Metropolitan Park Commission began to make its takings. On the Boston side were Charlesbank. Longfellow meadow and Soldier’s Field, and on the Cambridge and W'atertown side the park improvements recenty entered upon by Cambridge, which take nearly the entire 66 bank in that city for the Front. the Esplanade and Charles river drive, while the frontages of the Cambridge hospital, the Carn- bridge Cemetery and the United States Arsenal make up the remainder. The rest has been taken by the Metropolitan board, with the exception of practically irremovable industrial establish- ments in Brighton. The problem of the manner of improvement remains in abeyance pending the settlement of vexed questions concerning tidal flow. the construction of a. dam, and the relations involved with the national and state governments. The plan faV- ored by the Metropolitan Park board and the State Board of Health would convert the estuary into a fresh-water basin. and national engineering authorities recommend that such a basin be used for the mooring of the steel war—ships of the navy when not in commission. The best experts pronounce this plan the most economical and serviceable in its promised results. Cambridge has entered upon an extensive scheme of park improvement. mostly in connection with the river front. and yet, in its early stages of planning and construction. A drive and promenade. with adjacent playgrounds. etc., will occupy four miles of the river bank in Cambridge. This drive will connect with Fresh Pond park. and thence it is suggested that a parkway connection be made with the Mystic Valley improvement along the line of Alewife brook. Fresh Pond park contains nearly 3‘25 acres of land and water. the pond occupying something over half the area. A well-built pleasure-drive surrounds the pond. but. laid out by the Cambridge water-board without the slightest reference to landscape considerations. the park must be thor— oughly reconstructed before its scenery can be made beautiful. Above the “'atertown bridge the Charles, in its course through the Metropolitan District. has long sections of slack water. divided by dams and falls at Newton Upper Falls, Newton Lower Falls. “'altham and Watertown. These slack- 'ater stretches give remarkably fine opportunities for boating. Several miles of this part of the river are bordered by reservations for public uses. and it is the purpose of the Metropolitan Park board. so far as practicable. to unify and connect these reservations in a way that will preserve and enhance the beauty of the river scenery and improve its sanitary conditions. One of the most beautiful sections of the river is that between Riverside station in Newton, on the Boston & Albany Railroad. and “'altham. It is the great fresh-water boating ground of metropolitan Boston, and the scene here on summer afternoons and evenings is one of the remarkable spectacles of out—door life in this part of the world. The water is animate with many hun- dreds of canoes with young people of both sexes in the pictur- esque costumes and graceful attitudes that belong to aquatic 1—9 I; VII! [le1 CHARLES RIVER AT RIVERSIDE STATION, 68 pleasuring, and steamboats, steam, naphtha and electric launches darting to and fro add to the interest of the scene. This section of the river is exceptionally beautiful, with banks mostly of a sylvan and pastoral character. A large portion of the water-front in both Newton and Weston is reserved for public purposes. On the Weston side the frontage between the stone bridge and River- side has been devoted by its owner, Mr. Francis Blake, to such purposes, and between Riverside and Newton Lower Falls Mr. Charles \Vells Hubbard has given to the town a park of fifteen acres. On the Newton side the city has established a park at Auburndale of twenty-four acres, with over half a mile of water- front, and between Riverside and Newton Lower Falls the city has a park with something like a mile along the river. All these park lands are beautifully wooded. A striking feature of this part of the river is the “Norumbega Tower,” at the mouth of Stony brook in Weston; a picturesque and massive structure of stone erected by the late Prof. E. N. Horsford of Cambridge to mark the site of the ancient town of Norumbega of Norse legends, which, according to the elaborate historical and archaeological researches to which he devoted his later years, was located here. In this connection may be mentioned a recent park-improve- ment by the city of VValtham. which has recently acquired about seventy acres of the twin summits and the slopes of Prospect Hill and has built a good carriage road to the top. Next to the Blue Hills. Prospect Hill park contains the highest ground near Boston, 460 feet above the sea. The “hill country” of the Massachusetts interior may be said to begin with this eminence. It commands noble views on every hand and overlooks a large part of the valley of the Charles through the Metropolitan District. Canoes and rowboats are to be hired at Riverside and Wal- than), and from “’altham there are excursion trips in steamboats and launches. At Riverside the handsome clubhouse of the New- ton Boat Club is on the Newton side of the stream, and nearly opposite is that of the Boston Athletic Association. Steam-cars to Riverside: Kneeland street and Columbus avenue stations, Boston & Albany Railroad. At Newton Upper Falls is the famous Hemlock Gorge, just acquired by the Metropolitan Park Commission. This scene of extraordinarily picturesque and romantic charm is formed by the swift passage of the river, in falls and rapids, through a wild, rocky gorge, with precipitous banks clothed with a splendid growth of hemlocks, and spanned by the grand arch of Echo bridge, carrying the Sudbury aqueduct of the Metropolitan water—works. This spot, which lies in the three municipalities of Newton. Needham and Wellesley, is one of the rare landscape 69 sights of the public reservations of Greater Boston. Say the land- scape architects: “Whether it be viewed from the high summit of the aqueduct arch, from the low level of Boylston street bridge or from the points of ledge near the Newton Mills, this pas- sage of the river through the rocks and hemlocks presents a scene such as cannot be matched in the whole metropolitan district." Above Newton Upper Falls between seven and eight miles of river front, including most of both banks, in Newton, Needham, Dedham and the West Roxbury district of Boston, has been reserved by Newton and Brookline to protect their water-supply from pollution. This reserve covers over 900 acres, about 700 of which belong to Newton. Mostly low and swampy, it is at present of little service for recreation, but it preserves the scenery of the river from disfigurement. Steam-cars to Newton Upper Falls: Kneeland street and Columbus avenue stations, Boston & Albany Railroad. Learn to Ride A Bicycle. Easy and pleasant in our fully equipped Riding School, at 221 Columbus Ave. ' Open from 8 a. m. to 6 p. m. all the year round. Special arrangements for evening riding parties and for music rides. Columbia Bicycles and Hartford Bicycles, new and second-hand; renting; machines on instalments; repairing; all bicycle sundries. m POPE MANUFACTURING CO. 221 Columbus Ave., BOSTON. HEMLOCK GORGE, NEWTON UPPER FALLS. AMESBUHY CARRIAGE [ll]. 96 and 98 Sudbury St, . BOSTON. 22 Murray Street, - - NEW YORK. LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF FINE CARRIAGES IN NEW ENGLAND. Fine Carriages of every description at prices with which only the largest manufacturers can compete. We make a specialty of Park Wagons for public use, and the greater part of the vehicles used for this purpose in Franklin Park are of our manufacture. BACON & TARBELL\ . . 384 WARREN STREET, ROXBURY. Telephone Number, 293 Roxbury. Supply Carriage Service for Department of Parks By Special Contract with Boston Park Commission. ELEGANT “ OBSERVATION CARRIAGES" of our own design at Franklin Park Stations for Visiting Parties. FIVE MILE DRIVE THROUGH FRANKLIN PARK, Single fare 25 Cents. NINE MILE DRIVE THROUGH FRANKLIN PARK AND ARBORETUM, 50 Cents. DRIVE THROUGH ENTIRE PARK SYSTEM, Delivering passengers at Copley Square (Boston Public Library). One Dollar. Carriage Service of‘ all kinds supplied with Careful Drivers, calling at any point for parties at short notice, WOrder by telephone or mail. National Horse and Carriage Mart, PORTLAND AND FRIEND STS., BOSTON. ESTABLISHED 1866. MOSES COLEMAN 6: SON, Prop’rs, MOSES COLEMAN. .—-——————-——-O E. C. COLEMAN. Importers and breeders of Shetland, \Velch and Iceland Ponies. Pony turn— outs a specialty. Also dealers in Family HDI‘SES lUI‘ Carriage 01‘ Sfllllllfi, Fine Carriages and Harness For Horses and Ponies, with English and American Saddlery and Stable Furnish- ings. The latest designs in Traps, Carts, Surreys, etc., etc. Auction Sales Every Wednesday and Saturday, To which we solicit your consignments. We buy, sell, or exchange any goods in our line of business, also have fine storage for Carriages, and board Sale Horses at reasonable rates. . 461'" NEW YORK. ALI. RAItIQESISOUND Front Park Square Station, Boston. Via NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD RAILROAD. SHORE LINE—All Rail Route. Via New London and New Haven. §ro.oo A. M.-—-Bay State Limited. 13.00 P. l\I.—Shore Line Express. to.o3 A. M.—Day Express. 15.00 P. M.—Gilt Edge Express. 1.00 P. M.—Aiternoon Express. Imam night—Midnight Express. 1.03 P. M.—Sea Shore Express. FALL RIVER LINE—Rail and Sound. Via Fall River and Newport—6 and 7 P. BI. week days and Sundays, connecting at Fall River with steamer PRISCILLA, PURITAN, PILGRIM or PLYMOUTH. Orchestra on each steamer. PliOYIDENCE LINE—Rail and Sound. Via Providence—6.30 P. M. week days, connecting at Providence With steamer MAS- SACHUSETTS or CONNECTICUT. Orchestra on each steamer. STONINGTON LINE—Rail and Sound. Via Providence—5.30 P. M. week days, connecting at Stonington with steamer NE\V HAMPSHIRE or MAINE. Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington. Via Shore Line and Pennsylvania R. R. Steamer Maryland Transfer. 9.00 A. BL—Colonial Express. 17.02 P. M.—l“ederal Express. Through tickets, parlor car seats, berths in sleeping cars and staterooms on steamers may be obtained at 3 Old State House and at Park Square Station. §Parlor cars only—special ticket required. IVVeek days and Sundays. Geo. L. Connor, A. C. Kendall, Pass’r Traffic Manager. Uen'l Pass‘r Agent. lune 16 18 . L. H. l’allner Boston Passenger Agent 3 Old State House. _ , 95 , . r . Fitchburg Railroad, HOOSAC TUNNEL ROUTE TO THE SUMMER RESORTS 0P Western Massachusetts and Vermont. THE BEAUTIFUL DEERFIELD VALLEY LINE. For summer excursion book giving rates and routes to principal points of interest in New England, address, J. R. WATSON, Gen'l Pass. Agent, Boston. I" ¥§7fi7§7§1§597§7§1¢f3 FIN -p¢.«-u- -- 1 an)»: ' éuaawwxawa .\ l 3 I I 3 I -n \ I W% I!- ééafiww—w Hr) “'8 uu—Ig-u-—u—u-n-u-u-u n-co-ov-n-|~-n-u-lv-h-u-u (\ GET AI! ACCIDENT POLICY. \FRONI -/ > w») awn» I \ Wh 2%? J’?&‘ ”(K/.9 \\ JIIIIII II. PAIIIN msu RANCEIII 20 KILBY 51'. \II ISSUES POLICIES FOR ALL roams or INSURANCE .~ flj FIRE, ACCIDENT, CASUALTY, EMPLOYERS‘ LIABILITY. PLATE GLASS. GENERAL LIABILITY. ELEVATOR, BOILER EXPLOSION. CYCLONE. TORNADO. TRANSPORTATION SPECIALTY. _ IHECARE or THE ENTIRE INSURANCE BUSINESS OF PROPERTY OWNERS‘ l N0 ESTATE OF CONCERN TOO LARGE AND NONE TOO SMALL. «11531191» 4 \ “I! W 1 \ ‘- MWWK'QI' (fiéfl’cfiéfiflfifl' 'II' I \ fl. arm-{w (II; ( 482% (II—II k L~