Scientific and Technological Accomplishments US. Army Materiel Command Scientific and Contents TEChI’lOICfigICflI f I Supporting the Soldier with Superior Equipment ......................................................... 2-3 Accomp IShmentS 0 How AMC incorporates technology into production of weapons the Research, I Technology — Providing More Options to Warfighters ................................................ 4-5 Development and Examples of how science and technology have influenced the Army in the use of Engineering Centers new tactics to meet the challenges of changing missions ' - I ld- h ' A h ° ................................................................................. -7 and the SImUI a,“ on, Wor S apmg rmy Tec nologles 6 . . Examples of Army technologies which have changed the world Training and I Research Development and Engineering Centers (RDECS) and lnstru mentatlon the Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM) ................... 8-23 command Organizational missions, products, business areas I Superior Equipment: Past, Present, Future .............................................................. 24-25 Evolutionary progressions of equipment I World Class Facilities ................................................................................................... 26-27 Examples of highly specialized AMC facilities required to produce weapons to meet unique Army requirements I Sharing Technologies .................................................................................................... 28-29 Examples of sharing technology between the Army and the civilian world I Meeting the Challenge .................................................................................................. 30-31 The world power structure change, vision of what needs to be done, process to be followed, future responsibility Note: Army Research Laboratory and Army I' Directory for RDECs and STRICOM .............................................................................. 32 Research Office are presented in companion publications Bagelwwi 9% van 7 a Supporting the Soldier with Superior Equipment o serve our nation in meeting its commitments around the world, the US. Army needs equipment superior to that of any potential enemy. Our weapon systems must be more lethal, reliable, survivable and easier to use in the heat of battle. The Army Materiel Command’s (AMC) mission and responsibility is to provide that equipment. In all recent conflicts AMC has demonstrated success in providing superior weapon systems. To produce this type of equipment AMC has relied on starting with the best technology available and choosing the best application of that technology. Research being done by AMC today will yield superior weapons and equipment for the Army of tomorrow. We must ensure that our weapon systems consistently overrnatch any potential enemy. To carry out its mission of providing the best possible equipment, AMC develops and manages a vast and complex technology base. Our research and development encompasses a broad range of technologies employed by all of the services. Over the years, AMC pioneered technological developments that benefit the world at large: freeze—dried foods, protective clothing, communications satellites, night vision devices, applications of titanium, and even photolithography, which made micro— electronics possible. We are among the world’s leaders in composites and lasers. That is only a sampling of the wide range of technology transfers from AMC to civilian use. Choices of which technologies to pursue into the next century and which are ready for application in today’s weapon systems, plus decisions about barriers to technological development and the design of programs to overcome them are the critical issues AMC’s technology base managers confront. The scope of research being conducted is far—reaching. AMC is developing important new technologies to ensure the continued superiority of Army weapon systems. These range from advanced materials technologies, to artificial intelligence, robotics, directed energy, and space technology. Developments in these areas will lead to improved capabilities in airdrop for land combat, airland battle management, identification on the battlefield, mine detection, l Armament RDEC, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ — Develops munitions and armaments I Aviation RDEC, St. Louis, MO — Develops rotorcraft and related equipment I Communications-Electronics RDEC, Ft. Monmouth, NJ — Develops communications and electronics equipment composite armored vehicles, electric guns, improved protective clothing for the soldier, improved target acquisition and much more. AMC is also playing an integral role in designing the Army’s force of the 2lst Century. The Army leadership has instituted two new efforts to reshape the Army’s future warfighting capabilities — Louisiana Maneuvers (LAM) and Battle Labs. LAM is an intellectual process based on the military maneuvers staged by General Marshall in preparing for World War II in Louisiana and the Carolinas. Today’s LAM is based, not on complex and expensive live field I Edgewood RDEC, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD — Develops chemical and biological defense—related equipment exercises, but on networked soldier-in- the-loop simulations. The focus of these simulation exercises is on accommodating change by downsizing force structure, upgrading doctrine, and reassessing force design and materiel requirements. The scope of the LAM process ranges from mobilization, through deployment, the campaign, redeployment and demobilization. The other new effort, Battle Labs, focuses on the campaign phase of future contingency operations. The Battle Labs evolve battlefield dynamic concepts and warfighting doctrine into live and — Develops systems with focus on rockets, missiles, unmanned vehicles and lasers simulated demonstrations. Six Battle Labs have been chartered: Early Entry Lethality and Survivability — enhance early entry forces’ capabilities and effectiveness Battle Command — enhance command and control of the combined arms force Mounted Battlespace — enhance the mounted forces' ability to engage the enemy outside the soldiers range of capabilities, both day and night Dismounted Battlespace — enhance the dismounted forces' abilities to Missile RDEC, Redstone Arsenal, AL I Natick RDEC, Natick, MA — Develops survivability, sustainability, mobility and quality—of-life equipment for the soldier engage the enemy outside his range of capabilities, both day and night I Depth and Simultaneous Attack — enhance the ability to simultaneously engage enemy forces throughout the battlefield in all three dimensions I Combat Service Support — enhance the logistics support at all levels AMC supports LAM and the Battle Labs with advanced material concepts in the form of prototype hardware and simulation capabilities. To ensure that critical technologies are incorporated into the development of I Tank—Automotive RDEC, Warren, MI — Develops combat vehicles and other military ground transportation equipment equipment, AMC has seven Research Development and Engineering Centers (RDECS) and the Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command (STRICOM), as shown below. The RDECS are responsible for introducing state—of—the—art technologies into the development of specific items of equipment. STRICOM focuses on simulation technologies and training instrumentation. With recent advances, training devices are becoming an essential part of many finished weapon systems. Because weapon systems in production are made up of items developed by more I STRICOM, Orlando, FL — Provides training, simulators, targets and instrumentation products than one organization, mutual support between the RDECS and STRICOM is essential. Their technologies, personnel, facilities and work all complement each other to create the unique capability required to develop Army equipment. In addition to mutual support within AMC organizations, there are research partnerships between AMC, academia, other services and industry. This partnership provides a mechanism for progress in the design of weapon systems for the future. From missiles to combat vehicles, aircraft, communications equipment and armaments, research is ongoing to support materiel needs. Technology — . AMC is incorporating the latest ; technologies into military i equipment to provide our soldiers . the “technological edge.” With the equipment provided, they can l fight better at night, learn more about the enemy and hit harder and faster when it s least expected. Our command, control, communications and intelligence equipment allow our forces to react to an enemy’s strategic decisions even before those decisions can be fully implemented. History has clearly demonstrated that superior equipment is a major factor in winning battles, and technological innovation is a significant driver in producing superior equipment. Providing More Options to Warfighters .\\ ’ f Precision Strike Operation Desert Storm experience hunting Scuds highlighted many problem areas in attacking mobile, time sensitive targets. An integrated set of multimode attack systems consisting of sensors, weapons delivery platforms, weapons, and damage assessment netted together would allow the precise location, identification, and elimination of high value targets. Precision Strike is a major technology thrust within the S&T community. The Army's goal, developed in concert with DOD's Precision Strike objectives, is to demonstrate an adverse weather, day/night, seamless sensor—to— shooter, precision deep—strike capability. Improved accuracies, mission planning, weapons delivery, extended range, seamless interfaces, and battle damage assessment are some of the major issues being addressed by AMC’s RDECs in Precision Strike. Blocking Enemy Mobility f In the dynamic battlefield, there is a need to rapidly block, detour or delay enemy forces. The Module Pack Mine System (MOPMS) 1s the first mine system which if can be remotely controlled The pack li consists of both anti—personnel and anti— ‘ tank mines. A commander can electronically communicate directly with the mine system. If an enemy advance is detected, he can rapidly close roads and gaps by activating the MOPMS. Once the threat no longer exists, the commander can clear the minefield by remote control. Owning the Night The Army goal of owning the night has been accomplished through CECOM’s exploitation of electro-optical technology. It has turned the night, a former enemy, into a friend. Passive night vision devices have freed our soldiers from the constraints of the night. Movements and targets are easily detected during darkness, almost as effectively as in daylight. Image intensification technology has been incorporated into improved rifle and machine gun sights, long range observation devices and goggles. With this technology incorporated in goggles, our soldiers can walk, drive and even fly with confidence at night. Thermal imaging devices based on infrared heat patterns (and thus independent of light levels) are effective at night as well as on a battlefield degraded by dust, smoke and fog. The Army’s capability to acquire, engage and defeat enemy forces on the nighttime or vision-impaired battlefield has resulted in a significant change to Army tactics. Major General B.M. McCaffrey, commander of the 24th Infantry Division during Desert Storm said, “Night vision devices provided one of the most dramatic mismatches in the history of warfare.” Night vision devices provide a major contribution to the Army objective to see, assess and control the battle, and achieve the goal of owning the night. Many facets govern whether or not our soldiers can survive on a battlefield. When the possibility of chemical- biological warfare exists, a means is needed to detect contaminated areas and to warn follow-on forces. The Fox was fielded by Edgewood during Operation Desert Storm to meet this need. This reconnaissance system is a dedicated system of NBC detection, warning and sampling equipment integrated into a high speed, high mobility armored carrier that provides vital first—time chemical detection capability “on—the—move.” Detection is one half of survivability. Protection is the other half. Armored system modernization is an on-going effort. It will include Edgewood’s Advanced Integrated Protection System which uses air filtration technology to provide NBC protection to vehicular crews. Individual soldier protection is provided with the M40—series mask. It has improved respiratory, eye and face protection against chemical and biological agents. The enemy uses his eyes and near— infrared (IR) image intensifiers to detect our soldiers. Natick—developed materiel provides excellent camouflage against the current threat. However, in the near future, the enemy will be expanding detection capabilities across a larger segment of the spectrum and into the far— infrared. Current materiel provides either good near-IR protection or far-IR, but not both. The state—of—the-art textile technology is being pushed to overcome this limitation. Today, because of AMC’s efforts, our soldiers can be deployed with less concern that they will be detected. Laser—semiactive guided weapons, invented and developed by MICOM RDEC scientists, have established new levels of survivability for the soldier while also providing him unprecedented accuracy in attacking enemy armor. Survivability is the product of the exceptional standoff capability offered the soldier — up to six kilometers for heliborne versions. Armored vehicles lack effective defensive weapons against attack from such distance. Much greater standoff is possible against larger targets such as buildings. In Operation Desert Storm, Apache helicopters armed with Hellfire missiles destroyed air-defense sites with impunity from distances up to eight kilometers, which made the Apache nearly undetectable and invulnerable. Synthetic Environment The US. Army has embarked on a new, revolutionary, high—tech way of training soldiers. No longer are thousands of soldiers and warfighting vehicles deployed to far—away comers of the globe to conduct massive exercises. Today, through simulation and Enhanced Eyes and Ears on the Battlefield On July 30, 1935 the New York Times published an article about a “new mysterious ray” developed at the US. Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratory (now CECOM). It was said to be able to detect ships more than 50 miles away. This was the first practical application of radar. The Army’s objective to significantly enhance the vital functions of target acquisition and surveillance was achieved with radar and with outstanding results. Today radar is still a major factor in Army tactics filling roles well beyond those originally envisioned. Enhancements such as measuring frequency changes resulting from movement (Doppler Effect) and processing techniques to remove clutter, telecommunications technology, Army battlefield operating systems are accurately being portrayed in a highly- refined synthetic electronic battlefield at STRICOM's test beds. They closely replicate real—world battlefield environments. have broadened radar capabilities. Today we have the ability to penetrate foliage, counter mortar and artillery through back tracking the trajectory of shells, provide guidance for missiles, incorporate proximity fuzing for projectiles, and fly nap of the earth. World-Shaping Army Technologies 1940's Microwave Energy Bouncing a radio signal off the moon was the Army's highly visible demonstration that launched the use of radar in Space. CECOM's predecessor, the US. Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratory, developed the Klystron tube. This was the first practical source of microwave power. The result was an explosion of inventions. Radar applications in everyday use include: weather tracking, aircraft collision avoidance, orbital mapping of the earth and the speeder’s nemesis, the police radar. Beyond radar, common uses of microwave energy range from microwave ovens in the kitchen to our most advanced communications systems. 39535 Electronics Miniaturization In the 1950’s, CECOM’s predecessor invented dip—soldered printed wiring almost simultaneously with the invention of the transistor by Bell Telephone Laboratories. These two events spurred the creation of compatible miniature electronic parts. CECOM’s development of third generation night vision devices using Gallium compounds such as Gallium Arsenide resulted in significant breakthroughs in material quality and crystalline layering growth technology. Consequently, compact electronics became a reality permitting development of products such as miniaturized compact disk lasers, light emitting diode displays and high frequency transistor circuitry. CECOM also pioneered development of liquid crystals. This technology contributed to development of flat panel displays. These varied efforts by the Army were a major contribution to the worldwide move into the age of electronics miniaturization. US. Space Successes The 1950’s was a decade of many firsts for the Army in the development of rockets and missiles and subsequently in space exploration. Army Missile Command made history when, in January 1958, the EXPLORER I satellite launched the Free World into the space age. The payload enabled Dr. James Van Allen to discover the famous cosmic radiation belts that bear his name. Primates Able and Baker. passengers in a JUPITER nose cone, were the first living beings recovered from a flight into outer space. The Army also launched the Free World’s first lunar probe and the first solar satellite. L131: ‘FREEZE DRIED MIXED VEGEIABLES ‘ anrVnAVIC 1 Freeze Dried Foods The Army through its Natick RDEC, pioneered the research and development of freeze dried foods. Military supported investigations resulted in minimizing product damage, improved instrumentation, reduced deterioration in stored dried foods, improved packaging, acceleration of the freeze-drying process and improved product rehydration. These efforts have established the processing techniques and standards to produce nutritious, low weight, low volume freeze dried foods. Today, availability of freeze dried meats, vegetables, instant soups, coffee, fruits, herbs and flavorings has changed the way the world eats. World's First Laser Surgery Laser surgery was begun at MICOM in the early 1960’s in collaboration with the Cancer Center at the National Institute of Health, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, and others. This work established the foundation for modern laser surgery. The world‘s first liver resection to remove a metastatic liver cancer was performed at MICOM. Laser power, instrument design criteria, and laser instrument controls were some of the problems addressed and resolved by MICOM collaboration with industry and academia. IEDVIGI's Helicopters Come of Age 1 The "coming of age" of the helicopter is an Army aviation success story. It began during the Vietnam conflict. On the ‘ battlefield, Hueys, Cobras, Kiowas, and Chinooks combined the power and reliability of turbine engine technology with advanced weapons system technology. These provided a high degree of mobility for soldiers and created a new class of lethal weapon systems. Helicopter support was crucial to virtually every operational plan. Troop movement, resupply, medical evacuation, weapon system recovery, scout reconnaissance, assault and attack were all helicopter missions. Today, over 40 years after their introduction by the Army, helicopters are an essential and common part of our life. With their vertical take-off and landing capability in any terrain and any weather, helicopters can accomplish roles as varied as commuter shuttles, news and traffic coverage, law enforcement, fire prevention, crowd control, crop dusting and construction. Environmentally Safe Fabrication Carcinogens, cancer causing substances, are a major concern to environmentalists. In the 1970’s, engineers and scientists at the Armament RDEC were searching for an environmentally safe method of pre- treating aluminum surfaces to prepare them for bonding. Bonding of aluminum is an essential part of equipment construction. Pretreatment solutions of that period contained sodium dichromate, a known carcinogen. After several years of investigation, the Army developed P2 Etch, a non- carcinogenic chemical process for new aluminum prebond surface treatment that provided for strong, durable bonded joints. This remarkably effective process gained importance for both the military and industry. The world recognized the desirability and legal necessity to properly dispose of chromium and chromates. Companies using the P2 Etch have significantly reduced costs through avoidance of costly processes to dispose of carcinogenic chromates. IQBD'E 3 Tracking the Bald Eagles In the early 1980’s, Army scientists at Edgewood developed and fielded the smallest (140 grams) satellite—tracked and globally—positioned transmitter equipment with environmental sensors. Under Operation Bird Borne, they tracked bald eagles fitted with transmitters and determined essential habitats for the conservation of this endangered species. Continuing today, this program enhances Department of Defense capability in ecological research, management, and conservation. This R&D effort was responsible for fielding of some of the most sophisticated globally-positioned electronics currently in use. Much of this technology found a home with the intelligence community as well as other government agencies. Simulation — An Emerging Growth Industry Army initiated experiments in the networking of simulators. This effort was the genesis of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS). DIS uses simulations in conjunction with real equipment and soldiers on instrumented ranges, and integrates reality and simulation in war games. The networked soldier—in—the—loop simulation capability allows the Army to evaluate emerging technologies for materiel requirements and equipment concepts and test changes in training, tactics and force structure. Army simulation is also having a marked effect on the civilian world for commercial entertainment, training, and equipment development. Simulators are already replacing some mechanical rides at theme parks. Soon they will result in interactive virtual reality simulations in private homes through television and telephone cables. This same simulation technology is also used for group training in lieu of expensive mechanical prototypes. Commercial aviation, space, undersea, medical, and maritime operations are achieving greater efficiencies as a direct result. Buckyball The discovery of buckminsterfullerene, ‘ commonly known as Buckyball, has been compared to Columbus’ voyage—of— discovery to the New World. Edgewood’s Aerosol Science Program was one of the sponsors who funded the work that led to this unexpected discovery. This new molecule, which resembles a soccer ball, is a third form of solid carbon in addition to graphite and diamond. The Missile RDEC is pursuing an ambitious effort to develop an enhanced solid propellant using Buckyball. They recently fired a test motor containing propellant enhanced with Buckyball. Other research at MRDEC has shown that the Buckyball has potential as a stealth enhancer. The Buckyball properties are a subject of intense worldwide research. Numerous articles have been written on the subject. One researcher states that an article on the Buckyball is published every 13 hours. Armament Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission 3 Provide the soldier with world- ‘ class armaments that clearly make i a difference on the battlefield. ‘ Revolutionizing armaments for: l I Armor and Infantry Maneuver l Fire Support I Engineering and Mine Warfare l Special Operations Forces l Aviation l Air Defense l Combat Service Support Products l Weaponization of ; Electrothermal Chemical/ Electromagnetic Propulsion ARDEC is developing advanced gun propulsion technology using electricity to fire projectiles at higher speeds to longer distances than conventional guns. Electrothermal chemical guns add electrical energy to propellants, permitting higher performance in a given caliber. Electromagnetic guns employ strong magnetic fields and can achieve a velocity not otherwise possible. The electrothermal chemical/electromagnetic technology has application to anti-armor, air defense, theater missile defense and deep strike artillery missions. Advanced Field Artillery 1 System ‘ The Advanced Field Artillery System is ‘ the next generation 155mm self- propelled cannon artillery weapon system. It will provide the ability to out— range the threat with more accurate and i lethal munitions, through an advanced liquid propellant propulsion system and f Business Areas high levels of automated components. Significant advantages include: I 33% increase in firing range I Triples the rate of fire I Automated operational capability ; Intelligent Minefield ‘ The intelligent minefield (IMF) consists ‘ station will receive and combine sensor . : data and provide to the smart mines data . incorporate communications security to of control stations and smart mines, such 1 as wide area mines. One control station will operate 20-40 mines. Using a digital radio frequency command and control net to link the smart mines, the IMF creates a smart minefield. The control to include range, bearing and target ‘ classification. On receipt of this data, the smart mines can prepare for engagement i as required. To ensure operation and to avoid compromise, the IMF will include an anti-jam capability and covertness hardening. Primary features of the IMF are: Sense and Destroy Armor 1 Munition I Autonomous Operation Sense and Destroy Armor Munition ‘ (SADARM) provides a top attack, all j weather, shoot—to—kill capability to the 155mm howitzer and the multiple launch ; rocket system (MLRS) for counter— ‘ Capability to defeat armor targets Detection of targets up to 4 KM Classification and tracking of targets up to 2 KM 155mm projectile or MLRS rocket reaches the target area, SADARMs are ‘ ejected. The two-sensor munition seeks out the target and attacks it. Primary features include: I Multiple kills per projectile/rocket l Reduced logistics requirements ‘ 1 Case Telescope 1 Ammunition and Weapon 1 " 3 advantages over conventional 3 ammunition: ‘ I I Greater lethality I I Reduction of ammunition volume battery and anti-armor missions. When a ‘ i 1 Case Telescope Ammunition (CTA) ‘ ‘ represents a revolutionary change in the i § design of cannon ammunition in the i i 20mm-45mm range. The cylindrically ‘ ‘ shaped round has the warhead embedded i 3 into the cartridge case with propellants. 1 This provides CTA with significant ‘ 1 : l Simpler gun design with increase in i reliability l Increased muzzle energy Aviation Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission Develop and execute the rotor craft science and technology program for the Department of Defense. Develop aviation systems which can perform the following missions: "i * l Reconnaissance and Security I Attack I Utility I Cargo l Intelligence and Electronic Warfare l Special Operations Provide broad technical support to our fielded aviation systems. Products AH-64 Apache Longbow The Apache Longbow is a modified AH— 64 attack helicopter. The Longbow millimeter wave fire control radar and fire—and—forget Hellfire missile system provide a significant increase in adverse weather/obscurant capability. Longbow detects, locates and prioritizes enemy vehicles, air—defense units and aerial targets using fire control radar. This provides increased stand-off range and hit probability. Using sensors located above the rotor, the Longbow is able to take maximum advantage of terrain masking. Cockpit Air Bag System In keeping with the Aviation RDEC mission to develop survivable aviation systems, cockpit air bags are being investigated to prevent crew contact injuries in survivable accidents. The RAH—66 Comanche is the Army’s highest priority modernization program. It is compatible with the Joint Force and digitized battlefield of the future. The RAH—66 is a fully integrated weapon system with multimission versatility. The Comanche, as the “Quarterback of the Battlefield,” will perform armed reconnaissance in our heavy divisions Turbine Engine Performance The Integrated High Performance Turbine Engine Technology (IHPTET) is a Department of Defense initiative to double the turbine engine performance capability, both military and commercial, for all turbine engine classes by the year 2003. IHPTET coordinats the efforts of Business Areas and attack missions in our light divisions. One-third of the RAH—66 aircraft will have Longbow millimeter wave radar incorporated during production. The RAH—66 features self-deployability, night and adverse weather operations, improved navigational accuracy, air combat capability, high/hot flight performance, improved survivability/ reliability, and lower operating/support costs. all three services, Advanced Research Project Agency, NASA and industry. The payoffs of such a technological leap will be dramatic increases in payload/ range, mission options and capability. Logistical requirements will also decrease with the reductions in fuel, parts and numbers of aircraft required to perform a mission. Advances in Rotorcraft Warfighting The Rotorcraft Pilot's Associate (RPA) program is an Advanced Technology Demonstration which lays the foundation for major advances in the warfighting capability of rotorcraft and other tactical systems. Technology advancements in cockpit automation, communication systems, and sensors will result in significant increases in information available to aviation crews on the battlefield. The ability of the crew to translate information to useful knowledge is limited primarily by their cognitive ability to understand and respond to the large growth of available information. RPA will enable the crew to utilize the full potential of battlefield information and modern mission equipment, through the use of expert systems, artificial intelligence, data fusion, and advanced information processing technology. Future Army Aviation To counter future threats and to support new Army doctrine the aviation strategy includes a mix of improvements to existing systems and development of new air vehicles. The artist’s concepts illustrate advanced helicopter designs, including tilt rotor/tilt wing air vehicles, and other lifting devices such as “fan—in- wing.” Improvements to existing systems such as development of the Pilot Fish concept is an example of system upgrade while the National Transport Rotocraft is an example of new air vehicle development. National Transport Rotorcraft The National Transport Rotorcraft (NTR) is a medium lift air vehicle currently being developed with the capability of vertical takeoff and landing. It is a joint effort among the Armed Services, other Federal agencies and private industry. The NTR has great potential to service both the high volume, short-haul, commercial commuter aviation market as well as the military cargo/troop transport needs. Pilot Fish The Pilot Fish is composed of a manned helicopter controlling and directing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The program explores the potential for improved mission effectiveness and survivability inherent in nearly autonomous UAVs. The current Army Rotorcraft Pilot’s Associate Program will provide the technology essential for developing the optimum tradeoff between UAV autonomy and pilot/ operator control workload. Vertical take—off and landing capability and high speed will ensure that the aircraft team can operate from minimal ground area and provide maximum air space coverage. Communications - Electronics Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission Provide leap ahead technology and capabilities through technology insertion into current and emerging systems. Through the use of Advanced Technology Demonstrations focus on supporting the major system managers (Program Executive Officers and Project Managers) by developing and acquiring superior technologies in the areas of: I Command and Control I Communications I Computers and Intelligence I Electronic Warfare I Night Vision and Electro- Optics I Avionics Digitizing the Battlefield — The right information, at the right place, at the right time. Products The technology generation and application performed by the CECOM RDEC results in products which allow the future commander and warfighter to achieve the modernization vision of ensuring land force dominance. This is accomplished by: I Digitizing the Battlefield I Owning the Night/Weather I Owning the Electromagnetic spectrum Knowing the Enemy Steamlining Sensor—to—Shooter Technology Global Seamless Communications Systems of Systems Architecture Enhancing Logistic Technology Making Software a Force Multiplier Winning the Information War Obstacle Avoidance System The Obstacle Avoidance System (OASYS) is an airborne wire and obstacle detection system which will alert an air crew to potential hazards within the flight path. A compact laser radar sensor alerts helicopter pilots to wires, towers, terrain, and other obstacles to low level flight. OASYS will reduce pilot workload, injuries to personnel and damage to aircraft. It has been flight/ ground tested and demonstrated to Special Operations Forces for integration into their aircraft. Applications include the current scout, attack and utility fleet in addition to other special military programs. Combat Identification Communications Electronic Warfare and Signal Intelligence Multiple Sensor Fusion/Automatic Target Recognition Radar Software Unmanned Aerial Vehicle This project demonstrated an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a beyond line- of—sight (LOS) sensor system using a satellite link for mission flight control and data transport. Takeoff and landing are controlled by LOS radio. Control is passed to a satellite link for the remainder of the mission. This demonstration validated the ability of a satellite link to provide command and control for both UAV maneuvering and data collection. Command and Control Directed Energy and Space Systems Information and Physical Security Night Vision/Electro Optic Sensors Position/Navigation Systems Electrical Power Personnel Locator System The survival radios used by downed pilots during the Vietnam War era were equally detectable by both friend and foe. This problem was solved through CECOM’s development of a covert radio, the Personnel Locator System (PLS). It provides range and direction to rescue aircraft, while concealing the pilot’s position from the enemy. The PLS can place air rescue units over a survivor with only a single pass, day or night, in any type of weather. It has two components: the survival radio and an aircraft mounted guidance unit. The survival radio remains silent until interrogated by the airborne guidance system and then responds with a coded, 300 millisecond message burst. The aircraft system immediately displays range and steering directions to the rescue pilot without voice communication. The survival radio weighs only 28 ounces and is sized to fit in the palm of the hand. The guidance system is easily transportable and can be installed in the aircraft in 60 minutes. Technologies for Future Systems Advanced Technology Demonstrations (ATD) develop and enhance system performance by providing a quick ability Advanced Image Intensification — Advanced night vision goggles for aviators and ground soldiers to enhance operational effectiveness by improving versatility and mobility. Digital Battlefield Communications — A worldwide, secure, robust, seamless, digital, multimedia information transport system for the warfighter. Radar Deception and Jamming — A suite of sensors to provide a knowledge- based management system to effectively utilize on board countermeasures for aircraft protection. Remote Sentry — An unattended, remotely operated, wide area ground based surveillance and target acquisition sensor suite for day and night operations under adverse weather conditions. Battlefield Combat Identification — Identification of friend, foe and neutrals on the battlefield. Scout Sensor Suite — Advanced long range sensors capable of automatic target acquisition, recognition and handoff. to insert new advanced technology into both current and emerging systems. CECOM RDEC’s current ATDs are: Common Ground Station — Responsive, timely and correlated multi- sensory intelligence data transmittal to the Brigade Commander on the move. Target Acquisition — Automated target search, acquisition, and aided recognition at extended ranges. Combined Arms Command and Control — A digital architecture for the "horizontal integration" of command and control information, at brigade and below, enabling its sharing among the different field units. Multisensor Aided Targeting Air — Fusion of multiple sensor/processor modules in an automated target acquisition suite for future aviation. Bistatic Radar for Weapons Location — A radar transmitter separated from its receiver, thereby increasing survivability from anti— radiation missiles, which target the unmanned transmitter. Survivable Adaptive System —— Fiber optic and wireless communications networks supporting troops on the move. Edgewoool Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission . ' ' g ' Products 1 Biological Integrated Detection System To be the world leader in chemical and biological related science, technology, engineering and service by: The Biological Integrated Detection System (BIDS) is a dedicated vehicle equipped with a biological detection suite for detecting large area biological attacks. The prototype, completed in 1993, was the Army’s first interim biological detection system. BIDS is a jointly developed venture among the services, with Army the lead. The final objective system will provide fully automated, broad spectrum biological detection/identification capability. Features include: I Providing chemical and biological defense for global power projection I Supporting the US. Chemical Weapons Ban with R&D to update treaty verification procedures and equipment ' Building and maintaining a first class chemical and biological defense posture l Instrumentation to provrde manual detection/identification capability I Low technical risk due to use of proven commercial off-the-shelf detection/identification components Lightweight Standoff Chemical Agent Detector. The Lightweight Standoff l Chemical Agent Detector is much smaller and lighter than the M21 and will , Biological Standoff Chemical Agent Detectors provide improved chemical Detection System and Alarms contamination avoidance capabilities. It ‘ . . . , uses passive interferometry and digital The Biological Standoff Detection Three systems that address the Army s . . . . . _ _ Signal processmg as the standoff detector Systems (BSDS) currently in long standing requirement to field multi- technologies. This equipment is uniquely suited for tactical reconnaissance missions. Features include: development, will provide a short—range agent real-time chemical detectors and and long—range, biological agent aerosol alarms are: detection capability. The short range M21 Remote Sensing Chemical Agent I N (1 b1' (1 . .. tactical system will employ ultraviolet Alarm. The M21 which was type erve an lster agent etectlon on laser ane 1‘J‘Ser‘indueed fluorescence ‘0 classified in 1993 fulfilled a requirement the move M40 Family Of Protective detect biological aerosol CIOUdS up to 5 for stand-off chemical agent detection. I Range Of UP to 5km when mounted MaSkS km. Using near-IR laser technology, the . . The M21, for the firSt time, provided I Utilization of a variety of platfomlsi The gas mask has always been a first line I Improved fit and comfort long range strategic system w111 detect military units with enhanced stand—off . . l - - of defense life support system. The M40 - . biological agent clouds up to 100 km (5km) perimeter protection and early Unmanned Aerial Vehicle family of masks is virtually the first I Increase protection from a Wider lf3r0mfthehba‘tbtleflel:. The BSDS W111] warning protection. Other first time I Advanced Field Artillery System change in over 30 years It has now variety of agents t t - . ' - weaiiflilng afild lerrrilhlanZilringirglitlalfiiZZrtiin features includes. I Armored Resupply Vehicle been configured to provide better I Ease Of filter change avoidance efforts. Future system I Passive infrared sensor for . Multipurpose Integrated Chemical protection and be more compatible with I Compatibility with weapons systems applications include installation in identification of nerve gas and blister Agent Alarm. The MIC AD is a near the Soldier Integrated Protective optics and Sights agent vapor clouds Ensemble. Improvements to the face real—time integrated NBC detection, . mask include: existing rotary—wing and fixed—wing I Laser-ballistic protection aircraft, with the tactical short range I Automatic line—of—sight scanning warning, and reporting system to be system also being employed in tactlcal R e p r 0 gramm ab] 6 to detect new employed 1n_area warmng,_ combat and W I 7 vehicles. a ents armored vehicles, and tactical van and g shelter mission profiles. The MICAD M295 Indlv1dual automates the currently laborious NBC Equipment wammg and reporting process . Decontamination Kit throughout the battlefield by automating My. ‘ the gathering of contamination data from The M295 kit provides the soldier with a ' ' ' tl h b'l't t NBC Reconnaissance, Detection and NBC Individual Protection fielded NBC detector/ sensors. It _ grea y en. anced capa. 1.1 y o . , j Hammad“ . . . . . . . ll . . . . g. . . . . automatically formats and transmits decontammate the 1nd1v1dua1 soldier 8 NBC Collective Protection alarms up the chain of command battlefield gear. The kit consists of four ke/Qbsciirants‘andl'lhrgetvflcfeaflng‘$3.91"? throughout the battlefield. individual wipedown mitts containing an annals ; absorbent resin. This resin-based kit is a 1 more effective decontaminant than earlier liquid-based kits. Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission The Army’s lead organization for Mlllti-ROIC Survivable ; developing new weapons concepts 1 3 Radar ‘ l 1“ the areas 0f: ‘ The Multi-Role Survivable Radar l Rockets (MRSR)'is a weapons system support radar which has been des1gned to operate I Missiles V in a heavy electronic countermeasures I Unmanned Vehicles x :. (ECM) environment and when anti- ' ‘ " radiation missiles (ARM) are used. The , need for such a radar has been clearly Weapon concepts are developed _- demonstrated in recent conflicts. The through: > MRSR is a track-while-scan radar which I System Simulation Nirtual i V ‘ maintains accurate target track data on Prototyping a , r ‘ targets W1th1n its full 360 degree azunuth ‘ coverage. MRSR lS able to operate in a y ‘ dense ECM and ARM environment due I Advanced Technology ‘ to its use of frequency agility over a wide Demonstrations operational bandwidth, very low antenna ‘ sidelobes and a continuous wave transmission. The MRSR has demonstrated the capability to acquire cruise missile targets and cue a HAWK fire unit. Upgrades are under development. I Lasers Technology Base Focus 1 Rapid Force Projection Initiative The Rapid Force Projection Initiative ‘ (RFPI) is managed by Missle RDEC. It is a joint development of advanced technologies and user concepts that will equip and prepare our forces to meet future contingency requirements. Multi-Spectral Missile Seekers . Air Defense Target Acquisition Systems Missile/UAV Life-Cycle Software Engineering High Fidelity, Systems-Level Simulations Life-Cycle System Engineering Specifically, RFPI is an integrated approach to increasing the lethality and survivability of early entry forces. RFPI will be conducted in conjunction with the TRADOC Battle Labs. The principal idea behind the initiative is the concept of “hunters and standoff killers.” Missile Guidance Systems Missile Aerodynamics and Structures Insensitive, High Performance, Minimal Signature Propulsion Systems Independent Product/Process Assessment The Army Combined Arms Weapon System The focus of the Army Combined Arms Weapon System (TACAWS) is development and demonstration of a "leap ahead" capability for Army and Marine Corps close combat missile capability. TACAWS program goal is the development of 21st Century missile technologies needed for multimission / multiplatform / multitarget weapon capabilities. Optical Processing Optical processing holds tremendous promise toward reaching the goal of near real time target recognition, a critical requirement for the next generation of fire and forget weapons. MRDEC's personnel have achieved national and international recognition as leaders in the areas of: integrated optics, Fourier optics, optical computing architectures, optical processing materials, spatial light modulators; neural networks, miniaturization of optical correlators and optical processing system simulation. MRDEC's current efforts are directed toward aided target recognition, autonomous weapon guidance, wide area surveillance, optical signal processing, and all optical computing. TACAWS will demonstrate, through live missile firings, a missile capable of satisfying fire—and-forget requirements as well as providing the Army with a superior Air-to—Air, Air—to—Ground, and Ground—to—Air missile. TACAWS will demonstrate new imaging infrared seekers, gel bipropellant rocket motors, automatic target recognition and lock- on—before/lock-on-after guidance (both fire—and—forget as well as an optional main-in-the—loop scheme). Natick Research, Development & Engineering Center Mission Maximize survivability, sustainability, individual mobility, combat effectiveness, and quality of life of US. soldiers under worldwide environmental extremes and hazardous conditions, by providing them with: l Integrated individual protection I Airdrop materiel for individuals and heavy loads I Tents and hard shelters I A variety of foods I Food service equipment I Combat and dress clothing I Individual and organizational equipment Products The let Century Soldier The 21st Century Army will be required to adapt to a full range of conflicts from low to high intensity. It will require protection from a wide spectrum of battlefield hazards and environmental conditions. The individual soldier will be linked into the digitized battlefield command and control network. This requires the equipment of a soldier system to be modular and interoperable. The integrated components (electronics, weapon enhancements, equipment, protective clothing and sensory enhancements) will heighten individual and collective performance while providing balanced multiple threat protection. The 2 1 st Century Land Warrior will be composed of five basic subsystems: l Integrated headgear I Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Survivability Microclimate conditioning I Weapon interface Soldier Integrated Protective Ensemble The Soldier Integrated Protective Ensemble (SIPE) is the US. Army’s successful initial attempt to apply a systems approach to meet the needs of the 21st Century soldier. SIPE is comprised of five compatible subsystems developed for the dismounted soldier. The subsystems afford protection against a variety of threats, such as: ballistic (fragmentation, Clothing and Individual Equipment Airdrop Equipment Organizational Equipment flechette), flame/thermal, chemical/ biological (liquid, vapor, aerosol), surveillance (Visual, near—infrared), environmental (rain, wind, dust), and directed energy (lasers that can cause permanent eye damage). In addition, aural protection is provided along with measures to reduce heat stress with a microclimate cooling vest. Food and Food Service Equipment Shelters Flameless Ration Heater for the Meal, Ready-to- Eat The Flameless Ration Heater (FRH) provides the soldier with a fast and easy way to heat the meal, ready-to—eat (MRE) entree. It represents a breakthrough in providing the individual soldier in the field with hot food any time —— safely, flamelessly, and conveniently. The MRE pouch is placed inside the bag and the heater is activated with water. The temperature of the eight ounce entree is raised by approximately 100 0F in less than 12 minutes. The entree remains warm for about an hour. w ‘ ;§\ _ ,1 :74 /‘ \ Soldier Camouflage An important consideration for the soldier on the battlefield is to remain invisible to the enemy. Combat uniforms are available that provide camouflage protection against human eye detection and near—infrared image intensifiers, which are used during night operations. Currently the Army has camouflage uniforms for a variety of woodland and desert environments. Efforts are underway to develop dyestuffs and disruptive camouflage patterns for urban and arctic environments. Natick scientists are also experimenting with “chameleon” camouflage fabrics that adapt to the environmental background. Advanced Airdrop for ‘ Land Combat This high altitude, precision offset airdrop system will provide for rapid deployment of combat-essential vehicles and supplies weighing up to a total of 21 tons. Technologies include: deployment of very large ram air canopies, automated guidance and control, and automated soft landing. This system will substantially reduce the vulnerability of delivery aircraft and air crew to low altitude threats such as conventional antiaircraft artillery and shoulder launched missiles. Tank—Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center . . ; l MISS|on Products l ‘ . 1 f Incorporate technology into l combat vehicles and other military 1 ground transportation in order to: l Virtual Prototyping ‘ Virtual prototyping is being used as a ‘ low cost, rapid turnaround method of evaluating multiple solutions in the l development of combat vehicles. It can be used to evaluate upgrades to existing systems such as the Bradley (turret upgrade) or concepts for new systems. The Crewman’s Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD) is an example of the use of virtual prototyping to develop a two—man crew station. This ATD will provide comparable performance to today’s four—man crew in combat vehicles. Manpower savings will result from integrating advanced electronics and sensor technologies, intelligent crew aids, and automation. The resultant reduced combat vehicle volume/weight will enhance rapid deployment capability. l I Achieve global technological superiority in military tracked and wheeled vehicles. I Transition industrial l capabilities and products to provide the most advanced, affordable military ground systems and the most competitive commercial products. HYDRAULIC PUMP SUSPENSION COMPUTER RELIEF VALVE OIL COOLER STEERING ANGLE SENSOR Active Suspension System This program is designed to improve the mobility of future Army tactical wheeled vehicles. Historically, suspension improvements were based on observations of previous systems. Rather than simply modifying an existing suspension system, as in the past, TARDEC has developed an "active" suspension system that reacts to weight, placement, the reactive nature of material, and damping during operation. Business Areas VALVE AND ACTUATOR HYDRAULIC ACCUMULATOR ACCELEROMETERS AND GYROS This active suspension system contains a computer network, which considers both position and motion signals from the vehicle chassis and the individual suspension arms. The information is processed and force is applied to best position the suspension arms or wheels with hydraulic pressure. Work has begun on building and installing an active suspension system on an M1026 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV). Composite Armored Vehicle The Composite Armored Vehicle Advanced Technology Demonstration is the focal point for the integration of advanced survivability technology with advanced structures. The CAV ATD will Combat Vehicle Command and Control Program The Combat Vehicle Command and Control (CVC2) concept provides an automated command and control system for armored vehicles from battalion down to individual platoon vehicles. It provides a tactical situation display in all vehicles showing map information, enemy and friendly vehicle locations, and tactical operation graphics overlays in a "birds eye" view of the battlefield. The CVC2 was developed under a joint U.S./ German R&D program as a "drop-in" component in US. and German vehicles. Simulation evaluation indicates a potential for: l 42% reduction in time spent executing mission segments 35% reduction in fuel consumption Hit Avoidance 60% less time to plan a fragmentary order The Hit Avoidance Advanced Technology Demonstration will provide an integrated suite of sensors, countermeasures, and active protection system demonstrating spherical l 59% improvement in accuracy of spot reports of enemy vehicles 30% improvement in number of kills measure the physical parameters of the composite structure as well as survivability characteristics. The program will lead to the creation of ‘ lightweight transportable vehicles while I maintaining the US. superiority in lethality and survivability. protection and situational awareness to defeat future smart weapons. The major operational benefits include reduced weight, enhanced survivability, increased mobility/transportability and reduced costs. Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command _ Mission Provide training and test simulation, simulator, target and instrumentation products and services to: STRICOM is the focal point for simulator, simulation and modeling technology. It ensures effective communication between user and developer and oversees the continuous transfer of technology from exploratory programs to future developments. Product areas include: I Develop and sustain warfighting skills I Create a synthetic environment to evaluate concepts and support requirements definition I An Electronic Synthetic Battlefield employing Distributed Interactive Technology I Support materiel development I Simulated Area Weapons Effects/ and test and evaluation Multiple Integrated Laser . . . Engagement System I Prov1de support to coalition partners Close Combat Training Systems Air Combat Training Systems Combat Support Training Systems Instrumentation, Targets and Threat Simulators required for weapon system developmental and operational testing AH-64 Combat Mission Simulator The AH-64 Apache Combat Mission Simulator is one of a family of simulators, that allows aviators to experience the sensation of flight for a fraction of the cost of actual flight training. AH-64 simulators economically provide the following skill enhancements: I Flight and weapons delivery Handling emergency procedures I I Sensor systems operations I Tactical decision—making skills in an interactive multiple high-threat environment Business Areas Precision Gunnery ‘ Training System The Precision Gunnery Training System (PGTS) is designed to train TOW and DRAGON missile gunners on-site at their home stations, in tactical field exercises and on training ranges. The gunnery trainer, consists of an instructor station and a student station, and employs videodisc imagery. Performance feedback includes both hit—and—miss explosions, scores, and instant replay capabilities to effectively train gunners in target recognition, tracking and target engagement. PGTS is both a safe and a highly cost effective training tool, because no live rounds are employed and neither target missiles nor vehicles are actually destroyed. \ Combined Arms Tactical 1 Trainer 3 The Combined Arms Tactical Trainer 1 (CATT) is designed to link a fully interactive simulator network with command, control and communications work stations. The work stations replicate vehicle weapon system platforms of vehicles which are operated by companies or units on the battlefield. ‘ CATTs cover a wide spectrum of battlefield functions, including combat, combat support and combat service support elements. The initial CATT is the Close Combat Tactical Trainer. Follow-up programs include: I Aviation Combined Arms Tactical ’ Defense Satellite Communications Systems Trainer The Defense Satellite Communications Systems (DSCS) family of training devices facilitates both operator training , and maintenance training. It provides ‘ trainees opportunities to master the Q fundamental principles of satellite ‘ communications associated with the DSCS ground terminals. This family of 3 training devices also replicates five training suites, which cover the DSCS ground terminal operations plus one for training in basic principles. Mobile Automated Instrumentation Suite The Mobile Automated Instrumentation i Trainer I Air Defense Combined Arms Tactical Trainer Engineer Combined Arms Tactical Trainer Fire Support Combined Arms Tactical Trainer i elements. ; Suite (MAIS) is being developed to i provide a fully automated real—time interface between operational combined 1 3 arms forces and existing and emerging ‘ i weapon systems. MAIS will monitor up to 1,830 participants comprised of Infantry, Armor, Field Artillery, Air i i Defense, Aviation and Combat Support 1 i Battlefield Distributed Simulation - Developmental ? The Battlefield Distributed Simulation - 1 Developmental is the Advanced . Technology Demonstration (ATD) to speed the maturation of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) technology. The goal is to achieve a credible, interactive, combined arms synthetic battlefield that will support research development and acquisition, training and military operations. Specifically, this ATD will: I I Develop DIS protocols and standards for a common system architecture Link geographically separated sites and dissimilar simulators into a virtual interactive synthetic environment Demonstrate an enhanced battlefield representation by providing appropriate terrain, environmental effects and electromagnetic signatures I Demonstrate increased capability in force representation by improving man—in—the—loop simulators and computer—generated forces 1 Superior Equipment: Past, Present, Future fiéir" éCorfimunicate u ; High Volume Manpack . ”Heavy” Terminal Radio 300 Pound Loud Drop Chemieal Proteclive F reeze Dried Vegetables Night Vision Goggles Over-garmem AMC has, either on its own or in The evolutionary process of support of Program Executive incorporating the latest ' Offices, historically provided the technologies will result in a Army equipment to perform its quantum leap of Army equipment four basic functions: Shoot, capabilities for the let Century Move, Communicate, Survive. warrior. Javelin t «5' A , , fia Palletized Cargo Airdrop—40,000 '3 a. V » ‘ Loading System Lig ht Armored Vehicle pound load drop Anti-Jam Manportable Tactical Anti-Jam Satellite Terminal Satellite Terminal SINGARS Radio Battlefield Communications Network Radio Terminal Tl H43! - Protective Mask Laser Protective E yewear Smoke Generator Helmet World Class Facilities ' The Army requires special equipment to perform many of its unique functions. To develop this equipment and ensure incorporation of cutting edge technology into weapons, AMC has had to construct highly specialized research and development facilities. Because of the uniqueness of some of the facilities, AMC has permitted civilian and Allied R&D organizations to use them when it is mutually beneficial. ARDEC’S Electric Armaments Research Center The Electric Armaments Research Center (EARC) was established to fully develop electric gun technology. Features of the EARC include: I 52 mega-joule capacitor-based power supply (one of the world's largest) I Firing electric guns of all types: Electromagnetic rail gun, Electromagnetic coil gun, Electrothermal—chemical gun I Independent assessment & validation site for contractors I Support from the United Kingdom Benefits of the electric gun include: I Increased velocities, range, and projectile weight I Decreased logistics CECOM’s Infrared Focal Plane Array Microfactory The Infrared (IR) Focal Plan Array Microfactory is a flexible, state—of—the— art facility producing complex semiconductor devices. The Microfactory, which occupies 3,200 square feet, is a testbed for fabrication of next—generation advanced technology devices through resolution of producibility and processing technique problems. The key and unique feature of the microfactory is the ability to carry out all fabrication steps while maintaining the wafer‘(thin slice of semiconductor materiel from which semiconductor chips are made) in the protective environment of a high vacuum system. A series of vacuum modules are linked together in such a way that wafers are transported from chamber to chamber under controlled conditions. Schemes for continuous monitoring of materiel quality and device characteristics are being incorporated into the facility. Currently, efforts are concentrating on demonstrating a flexible. high—yield process for producing long—wavelength infrared detector arrays with advanced signal processing on the focal plane. These devices are used for automatic target recognition, image enhancement, tracking and digital data transmission. Edgewood's Molecular Modeling Facility Comprised of closely networked minicomputers and superworkstations, the Edgewood molecular modeling facility combines state-of—the-art graphics. computational power and molecular modeling software. The molecular modeling facility is configured to permit scientists to visualize molecular level interactions, reactions and binding thus allowing prediction or explanation of chemical or physical properties and reactions of chemicals before they are synthesized. This is the only facility within the Army that combines high level theoretical computation with graphics capability in a dedicated environment. STRICOM's Distributed Interactive Simulation The Army has established Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) test beds at several locations, including Ft. Rucker and Ft. Knox. These facilities enable multiple users to conduct experiments within the synthetic environment. The mission of the DIS testbeds provides the necessary high-tech facilities to permit efficient testing of new designs and operational warfighting doctrine. The test beds are operated by STRICOM and have the following unique capabilities: I Combinations of actual weapon system hardware and software with ability to test mathematical models I Laboratory evaluation of system performance in real time with prototype and simulated components I Enhanced system acquisition and affordability through: I System integration and check out I Performance assessment during development process I Evaluation of product improvements prior to upgrade of fielded systems Natick's Climatic Chambers This one—of—a—kind facility is used for conducting research on soldier I Both chambers: winds up to 40 miles per hour; rainfall up to 4 inches per hour Unique features include: performance and equipment under a wide I Designed for human performance and range of climatic conditions. Initially constructed in 1952 and updated over the years, it was fully modernized in I993 at a cost of 20 million dollars. The two climatic chambers are capable of simulating nearly any weather condition on earth. This is accomplished through refrigeration, process machinery, and large fans to create a wide range of weather conditions that include variations in temperature, humidity. wind, rainfall. and solar load. Environmental capabilities are: I Arctic chamber: -70 deg F to + 70 deg F; 10% to 90% relative humidity ! Tropic Chamber: 0 deg F to 165 deg F; 15% to 90% relative humidity equipment research I Wider range of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and solar loading compared to other chambers worldwide I Rapid change of climatic conditions to simulate mission requirements I Capability to support prolonged live— in studies on nutritional intake and sleep patterns ‘ Users include: I US. Army Natick RDEC 3 US. Navy Clothing & Textile Research Facility US. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine TARDEC's Motion Simulator The Army has developed a unique capability for real time, man-in-the—loop motion base simulation. The installed simulator can replicate field motions for a variety of tracked and wheeled vehicle systems. Significant time and cost savings are achievable as a result. AVRDEC's Crew Station Research and Development Facility The Crew Station Research and Development Facility provides developers at high-fidelity full combat mission helicopter simulator environment. It is used to evaluate interfacing of developmental systems greatly reducing future engineering changes to resolve deficiencies in fielded systems. The tandem cockpit. wide field— of—view fiber optic helmet mounted display, reconfigurable cockpit, Blue/Red team stations, experimenter/operator console, and other supporting equipment provide the capability to evaluate prototype designs in a simulated battlefield environment. Sharing Technologies The Army has developed many l technologies that have been of great value to our nation. Technology transfer to industry has had a world shaking impact as illustrated on pages 6 and 7 (World—Shaping Army . Technologies) of this brochure. ‘ At the same time, civilian industry has developed technologies which have been used by the military. Prior to undertaking research and development of new equipment, AMC conducts market surveys to determine what has been done in the area of interest and what can be adopted by the Army. The Army also actively attempts to i find opportunities for private ‘ industry and other government agencies to take advantage of Army technology (Dual Use). In other cases, an item of equipment can be used by the Army with little or no modification (N ondevelopmental Item). £3. Better Designs for Military and Civilian Crew Stations The Army, in cooperation with NASA, industry, and academia has developed a human-machine integration software tool. This tool allows designers to explore variations in mission procedures and cockpit layout, without committing the time and expense of a hardware simulator, with human—in—the—loop testing and analysis. The system is known as MIDAS, which stands for Man—Machine Integration Design and Analysis System. MIDAS is aimed at improving the human engineering design process for advanced technology crew stations. Through MIDAS, a computer simulation is I produced in which sophisticated human performance models attempt to accomplish their prescribed tasks for a given mission and cockpit configuration. Examples of MIDAS support include the design and development of: I New and upgraded military aircrew stations I Public safety/emergency response stations and vehicles I Energy/nuclear power plant control stations I NASA High Speed Civil Transport Program l Aiding in the War on i Cancer Investigations by the CECOM, Edgewood and MICOM RDECs have found their way into cancer research and . treatment. Infrared (IR) technology developed by l the CECOM RDEC for the location and acquisition of enemy targets has been applied to the detection of cancer. IR technology takes into account the heat generated by objects to pinpoint their location. Heat generated by a malignancy in a body can be detected with this technology, thereby facilitating early detection of cancer. The Edgewood RDEC developed a passive IR thermal imaging sensor to detect chemical warfare agent vapor clouds. On the battlefield it provides a pictorial warning of impending chemical agent clouds. Studies are underway to explore the use of the thermal imager for breast cancer detection. Another spin—off to aid the war on cancer comes from MRDEC’s nondestructive testing of semiconducting materials. Investigations in solid state phyics led to the use of magneto-optical rotation of light (UV, visible, IR) as a noncontact method for characterizing semiconductor material properties. This process is more sensitive than conventional spectroscopy. This development is being investigated for analysis of biological specimens. Application to various cancer types will be explored. Gas Turbine Engine for Military and Civilian Rotorcraft The T700 gas turbine engine has become the primary workhorse of the Army's rotary wing fleet setting the standards for a wide variety of missions. The T700's completely modular design ensures ease of maintenance and allows a large number of repairs to be handled on the flight line or base rather than at a depot. The T700 military application includes both utility (UH—60 series helicopter), the Army's AH—64 Apache and the Marine's AH—lW Super Cobra. A whole family of turboshaft/turboprop commercial applications, both domestic and foreign, were spun off under the CT7 designation. These include the Bell 214ST, Sikorsky S—70C, Westland 30, Saab 340, and the EH Industries Limited EH101. Fiber Optics Fiber optic technology is a major advancement in electronic data transmission. Prior to the all-dielectric fiber optic cable, the metallic coaxial cable was the primary means of cable transmission. It was bulky, heavy and sensitive to electromagnetic interference. The fiber optic cable substantially enhances military and commerical capability. Standardization of fiber optic hardware in its early stages of development was essential to the communication industry with its diverse applications. Efficient, interoperable, cost—effective, robust, high-quality communications is the result. The Army played an important role in this achievement. CECOM and AT&T engineers were instrumental in developing standards through their effort on common fiber optic cable assemblies. CECOM RDEC led the tri-service effort in development of the Tactical Fiber Optic Cable Assembly (TFOCA), building upon the substantial commercial‘ investment in fiber optic technology. The military objective was ruggedization and ‘ connector hardware development. Providing Industry and the Military Better Access to Automotive Technologies The National Automotive Center (NAC) offers the military and industry the opportunity to share technologies. NAC further offers the opportunity to the military to adapt items for its use which have been developed by industry and for industry to adapt items developed by the military. NAC is a congressionally supported, Army initiative for collaborative ground vehicle research & development located at the Tank- Automotive Command in Warren, MI. The NAC is the Army's focal point for the development and application of dual— use automotive technologies for military ground vehicles. Additionally, the NAC facilitates automotive technology transfer to and from industry. The major objectives of the NAC are to foster basic automotive research to facilitate the development of collaborative technologies, promote advanced manufacturing strategies, and provide for educational opportunities at the individual, organizational, and community levels. The NAC is the catalyst linking government agencies, industry, and academia in all aspects of automotive technology. Helping Infants With Epilepsy Since passage of the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986, ARDEC has established four Cooperative R&D Agreements to commercialize weapon technologies. A major success story has been the development of a motion control device which senses the onset of an epileptic seizure in children. This medical—aide was developed from weapon auto-loader technologies. ARDEC's Benet Laboratories’ Remote Epileptic Sensor Technology (REST) device automatically senses the characteristic motion of an epileptic seizure while an infant is sleeping and sets off an alarm which alerts the parents to take action. The REST was developed from Benet's expertise in gun dynamics, automated munition loading sensors, control logic and micro circuitry. This device was transitioned to the Center for the Disabled in Albany, NY, to develop as a commercial product. ‘ Protection in Toxic Environments The Self—Contained Toxic Environment Protective Outfit being developed by Natick for soldiers in chemical, biological and radiological environments will have widespread civilian use. The protective suit will provide the wearer with four i I; hours of protection from all known chemical agents, fuels and industrial chemicals. The system has a self— contained breathing and cooling system as well as a hands—free communication system. This suit will add greatly to the capability of safely handling hazardous materials, cleaning—up of spills, and dealing with emergency situations involving hazardous materials. ‘ Improved Gas for Industry a.» etectors Edgewood RDEC’S work on ion mobility spectrometer technology has led to ‘ commercial gas detectors for detection 1 of one or more chemicals. This ‘ technology was developed in conjunction ‘ with the Army’s new chemical agent detector and chemical agent monitor. This dual use technology enables our . Army to deal more effectively with a chemical threat while at the same time 1 enabling industry to provide safer working environments. Meeting the Challenge In a sense, the Army Materiel Command has been around since the founding of the - Army itself. For hand-in—hand with the The Change existence of a fighting force goes the mission to provide its members with Cold War superior food, weapons and supplies. The Vision Sustain the Total Force Through Superior Technology "T‘rm. u l.“ Iii-r . I Soviet Union & Warsaw Pact Good soldlers deserve the best equipment. And the best equipment begins with the best technology, and the best application of that technology. We I want systems that are more lethal, i I reliable, survivable and easier to use in I I I I Worldwide Superpower Rivalry Defined, Predictable Threat Large Forward Presence thewumwm mum-M ' Mutual Assured Destruction the heat of battle. l . . . . i High Casualties Env1s1oned , N ' . ot long after the collapse of the Berlin Large Force, Budget & Wall the Army faced a major challenge in Industry l l Southwest Asia. In Desert Storm, the l US. Army demonstrated to the world l that it had a focused, swift, lethal and l l l l Post-Cold War I Regional Powers overwhelming combat power. It clearly met the challenge with equipment that has given it the technological edge over all other armies in the world. I Threats to Evolving Democratization To retain that edge, we must rely even more on technology to get the job done with the resources at hand. Research l being done today will yield superior l weapons and equipment for the Army l tomorrow. We must ensure our weapon l systems—our technology—consistently l overmatch any potential enemy. l l l I Regional Instability, Uncertainty I Power Projection I New Nuclear, Biological & Chemical Warfare Powers I Low Casualties & Collateral l Damage . . . I Smaller Forces, Budget & Ch01ces of which technologies to pursue Industry into the next century and which are ready for application to today’s weapon i systems, decisions about the critical ‘ barriers to technological development ‘ and the design of programs to overcome l them are the critical issues AMC’s technology base managers confront. The. Process Ihe research and development process (1 [h Simultaneous must ensure that the Army (1068 lIlOI'C Attack with less. It is important that limited science and technology resources be focused in areas that will be of high value to the soldier and have a high probability of success. Consequently, it is essential to involve the combat users and Mounted tacticians early in this process. One key ' BOITII’SIW'C’ method for focusing resources is to invoke the hands—on involvement of six user-oriented Battle Labs. AMC, working closely with these Battle Labs and making wide use of simulation, gives Army leadership and the technical community the opportunity to evaluate new warfighting concepts and capabilities offered by emerging technologies before scarce resources are expended on hardware. Dismmmted Bait/expat? Early Entry Lethality and _ Szu'vivabi/itv Combat Sc’rvzc'e Support Battle C ammand Battle Labs The Future let Century Land Warfare US. Army Materiel Command's Research Development and Engineering Centers and Simulation, Training and Instrumentation Command E US. Army Armament RD&E 'U.S. Army Aviation RD&E Center 'U.S. Army Communications- Center ATTN: AMSAT-R—Z Electronics RD&E Center ) ATTN: SMCAR-TD 4300 Goodfellow Boulevard ATTN: AMSEL-RD Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806-5000 St. Louis, MO 63120—1798 Ft. Monmouth, NJ 07703-5000 (201) 724-7012 . (314) 263-1012 (908) 544-2686 E US. Army Edgewood RD&E Center 'U.S. Army Missile RD&E Center E US. Army Natick RD&E Center ATTN: SCBRD-TD ATTN: AMSMI-RD ATTN: SATNC-T Aberdeen Proving Ground Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5240 Natick, MA 01760-5002 MD 210105423 (205) 876-3322 (508) 651-4407 (410) 671-5501 Requests for copies or questions regarding this publication should be addressed to: ..-- U-S- Army Materiel command 'U.S. Army Tank-Automotive RD&E EUS. Army Simulation, Training & ATTN: AMCRD-IT (Gerald Malakoff) Center Instrumentation Command 5001 Eisenhower Avenue ATTN: AMSTA-CF ATTN: AMSTI—TD Alexandria, VA 22333-0001 Warren, MI 48397-5000 12350 Research Parkway (703) 274-9855 (DSN 284) (313) 574-5494 Orlando, FL 32826-3276 (407) 380-8077 i». ._ __ \ ”T 5Q]?- 2 'fiiazaw" r A. L15 ,> ‘ :‘K 3° \, .T-I: US. Army Materiel Command 5001 Eisenhower Avenue Alexandria, VA 22333-0001 f 'Ill’l‘_"//tl ,H J l I / . , x "V1 ; f ”bagp/ / y///,/ I