~ START MICROFILMED 1985 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - BERKELEY GENERAL LIBRARY BERKELEY, CA 94720 COOPERATIVE PRESERVATION MICROFILMING PROJECT THE RESEARCH LIBRARIES GROUP, INC. Funded by . THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES THE ANDREW W. MELLON FOUNDATION Reproductions may not be made without permission. CU-B SN 0043-3 THE PRINTING MASTER FROM WHICH THIS REPRODUCTION WAS MADE IS HELD BY THE MAIN LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720 FOR ADDITIONAL REPRODUCTION REQUEST MASTER NEGATIVE NUMBER ¢¢-25¢0 AUTHOR : Woolfolk, C-A- TITLE: Pcturesque. San Jose... PLACE: San Jose, Cal: DATE: L 1952] yoLumE Feog MASTER _¥5° NO. S33We NEG. NO. 35% —r ey F869 Woolfolk, C A S33wé Picturesque San Jose and environments, an illustrated statement of the progress, prosperity and resources of Santa Clara County, California, the garden of the world. San Jose, Cal., C.A. Woolfolk and J. A. Cottle [18952] 110997 1 v.(unpaged) illus. 18x27cm. Copy imperfect: pages mutilated. 1. San Jose, Calif. - Descr. 2. Santa Clara Co., Calif. = Descr. & trav. 1. Title. CU-B 65 n SHELF LIST pr ms si ne ri a Sa ——— FILMED AND PROCESSEDBY LIBRARY PHOTOGRAPHIC SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, CA 94720 JOB NO. 8/6 0/525 DATE [0 8|5 REDUCTION RATIO 1] 2 ROURGENT THE BANCROFT LIBRARY SOURCE ll 1.0 = ze [lz = i lI32 ole lz fo cE flee Iz flit ie Ser———— Sr ————— MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) CLL LE | a CEA b | 1 2! 1 1 v 3 ! | LL. | { | J Mi 1 a Ley | LS , 6 Sl 1 8 Ld 1 90" | | % 2 1 fmt rT RT TT A tm? Lor Gl EEL i A Retake of Preceding Frame PICTURESQUE - - SAN JOSE and ENVIRONMENTS An llustrated Statement of the Progress, Prosperity and Resources of Santa Clara County, California. “THE GARDEN OF THE WORLD.” PUBLISHED BY C. A. WOOLFOLK AND J. A. COTTLE. SAN JOSE, CAL. HIS WORK is published for the purpose of giving to the world accurate information as to the progress, prosperity and resources of Santa Clara County, California, which has not inaptly been named “THE GARDEN OF THE WorLp.” The illustrations are from photo- graphs and the scenes they represent are not exaggerated. The descriptive matter is carefully compiled, and the statements are accurate as to the facts therein stated. Any person desiring more full or detailed information, can obtain the same by addressing their questions to the Board of Trade of San Jose. ll el sl el el lt PRESS OF HURLBERT PRINTING COMPANY, SAN JOSE, (AL. VIEW OF SAN Sanka Clara Gownly. ANTA CLARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, is situated about the center of the State, counting north and south, and is within 30 miles of the Pacific Ocean. Its county seat, the City of Sax JosE, 1s 52 miles southerly from San Francisco, with which city it is connected by three lines of railroad. The great Bay of San Francisco penetrates its northern boundary and the famed Santa CLARA VALLEY extends throughout its entire length. This valley, which has come to be known as “THE GARDEN OF tHE WORLD,” is confined on the east by Mt. Diabolo mountains and is separated from the sea on the west by the Santa Cruz range. Its topography, as well as its geographical position, gives it a climate that is incomparable. Lying in the same latitude with Italy and Southern France it has advantages not possessed by either of those countries. The valley was originally a lake or river bed. When the waters receded they left a sedimentary deposit more fertile than that of the valley of the Nile. To this deposit the succeeding centuries have added the rich washings of the hills, combining such mineral elements as are most conducive to plant growth and production. The ancient lake bed has been trans- formed into a fertile plain that now producesa larger income than an territory of equal area on the face of the globe. The county contains, in round numbers, one million of acres of land. Of this area about 250,000 acres lie in the valley, about 300,000 acres are in rolling hills and mountain slopes and not inconvenient for cultivation. The remainder is mountainous, interspersed with fertile valleys and well watered by limpid springs and by streams in which abound the true mountain trout, the delight of the enthusiastic angler. The climate of Santa Clara County is peculiar to itself and a marvel to strangers who find it difficult to account for its characteristics on any gencral mc teorological hypothesis. It 1s VIEW OF SAN JOSE FROM ELECTRIC TOWER—LOOKING SOUTH neither uncomfortably cold in the winter nor uncomfortably warm in the summer. A fall of snow in the valley is an occurance of such an unusual character that it marks an epoch in local history. During the last twenty-five years it has occured but three times and then to a depth of but a couple of inches and it disappeared almost as soon as it fell. The absence of humidity in the atmosphere during the summer months, and the never failing trade winds, prevent oppressive heat and there is no day during that portion of the year in which labor cannot be performed in comfort. The mildness of the winter climate is insured by the warm currents of the Pacific Ocean which approach the coast in such a manner as to produce the most genial effect in this valley. The effect of these winds is the result of the topography of the country. Reference to the map which appears on another page will make this fact readily apparent. These winds, which rise at about noon each day during the summer, rush with great velocity through the Golden Gate and are projected against Mt. Diablo by which they aredeflected tothe south and reach this valley in gentle and refreshing breezes. The valley, being sheltered from the Pacific by a high range of mountains, is effectually protected from the harsher ocean winds and uncomfortable fogs, while the range of hills on the east furnish equal protection from the hot atmosphere of the great interior plains. The result is a climate most conducive to health and comfort and to the highest development of all the products of field or orchard THE PROCESSION OF THE SEASONS. HERE are but two seasons in Santa Clara County. They are popularly called the ‘‘wet’’ season and “dry” season. This nomenclature is misleading to strangers as it conveys the impression that the wet season is a period of uninterrupted rainfall. The description of the procession of the seasons, written by the late Judge Belden, will help the reader to a more accurate knowledge of the meteorlogical conditions that obtain in this valley. For that purpose it is here presented: ‘Beginning with the month of October, the signs of a coming change are apparent. The winds, no longer constant from one quarter, become variable both as to direction and force, or wholly cease. Sudden blasts raise 7 4 N gy FAC at a bd £4 48 2 edi JE oe FIRST STREET, SAN JOSE—LOOKING SOUTH FROM CENTER OF CITY miniature whirlwinds of dust and leaves which troop over the fields, and the stillness of the night 18 broken by fitful gusts and thesudden wail of the trees as the breath of the coming winter sweeps through them. These are the recognized precursors of the season’s change, and are usually followed, in the first ten days of October, by an inch or more of rain: and this, usually, by weeks of the finest weather. The effect of these first rains is magical. The dust is washed from the foliage, and is laid in the roads and fields. The air has a fresh sparkle and life. The skies are of a deeper azure, and the soft brown hills seem nearer and fairer than before. It is the [ndian summer of the east; but, instead of the soft lassitude of the dying vear, here it comes with all the freshness and vigor of the new born spring. If in this and the succeeding months there are further showers, the grass springs up on every hand, and the selfsown grain in all the fields. The hills change their sober russet for a lively green. Wild flowers appear m every sheltered nook. Hyacinths and crocusses bloom in the gardens, and the perfume of the the violet is evervwhere in the air. In the latter part of November the rainy season is fully established. A coming storm is now heralded by a strong, steady wind, blowing for a day or two from the southeast, usually followed by several days of rain, and these are succeeded by days or weeks without a cloud—and thus alternating between occassional storms and frequent sunshine, 1s the w .ather from October to April— the rainy season in California. The amount of rain that falls varies materially with the locality. In San Jose it is from fifteen to twenty inches, while in places not ten miles distant, twice that amount is recorded. During this period there are from thirty to forty days on which more or less rain falls; from fifty to seventy days that are cloudy; the rest, bright and pleasant. These estimates will vary with particular seasons; but, taking the average of a series of vears, it will be found that, from October to April, one-half of the days are cloudless, and fully three fourths such that any out-door vocation can be .arried on without discomfort or inconvenience. Cyclones and wind storms are wholly unknown and thunder is only heard at rare intervals, and then as a low rumble forty miles away in the mountains. With the month of March the rains are practically over, though showers are expected and hoped for in Arpil. Between the 1st and 10th of May a slight shower may not be unexpected, but it causes no BUSINESS STREETS IN SAN JOSE. particular damage or inconvenience. By the first of July the surface moisture is taken up and dissipated and plant growth dependent on this ceases. The grasses have ripened their seed, and, self-cured and dried, are the nutritious food of cattle and sheep. The fields of grain are yellow and ripe and wait but the reaper. Forest trees and shrubs have paused in their growth. This, to the vegetable world, is the season of rest. This is the winter of the Santa Clara Valley—winter, but strangely unlike winter else- where, for here man has interposed. Here, by art and by labor, he has reversed the processes of Nature and constrained the courses of theseasons. In gardens bright with foliage and resplendent with flowers there is spring in its freshness and beauty, while, in orchards teeming with fruits, and in vineyards pur- ple with ripening grapes, summer and autumn vie for supremacy. And so, with changing beauty and ceaseless fruition, pass the seasons of this favored clime.” ANNUAL INCOME OF THE COUNTY. ON COUNTY has passed through the pastoral age of the Spanish occupation, the grain growing era of the early American settlement, with its large ranches and agricultural principalities, and on to the horticultural period whichisnow conferring wealth and happiness on its people. The large ranches have nearly disappeared and their history is established innumerable homesteads surrounded by orchards and in which hundreds of happy families repose, literally under their own vines and fig trees. These holdings differ in area from three to seventy-five acres, but the majority of them are in ten acre tracts. To a person unacquainted with the fertility of the soil and the invigorating character of the climate, ten acres would seem but a small resource from which to draw a support for a family. But here, a good orchard of five acres is a fair living, and ten acres a competency. These small tracts yield an annual income of from $150 to $300 per acre, while a vield of $500 per acre is of not sufficiently rare occurance to excite surprise. Many instances of still larger returns are placed on record each vear. The orchards of Santa Clara County last season, brought in an amount of money which, if distrib- uted equally among the people, would have given to every inhabitant of the county, man, woman and child, the sum of $100. Jocob Is gen 3 Son : fronts, HALL OF RECORDS, SAN JOSE, | Original Defective COUNTY FINANCIES AND IMPROVEMENTS. ATURAL ADVANTAGES of Santa Clara County, and the efforts of its citizens for their devclop- ment, have been earnestly and intelligently seconded by its public officers. The numerous and magnificent public roads, the public buildings, the eleemosynary institutions, the high standard attest a liberal and intelligent administration ot county affairs. Probably no ted and expended for public the County Assessor for each purposes, and the of its public schools, county in the Union can show more substantial results for the money collec purposes. The following table will show the valuation of property madeby vear for the last ten years, together with the rate of tax levy for county and State amount of revenue produced therefrom: VALUATION RATE PER $100 AMOUNT RAISED $31,096,749. iii BLA. iii $412,554.11 es 20 .. 384,376.83 dh pd pd pd bd pd pd pd pd pd ped 3 ¥ The rate given No tax is levied for road purposes on property within the limits of incorporated towns. In towns the rate was about 30c. less on each $100 valua- above is for all county and State purposes. 1g the last ten years at tion. It will he seen that the taxable value of the property has increased durit It will also be seen that the increase has not heen The office of Assessor the rate of about two millions of dollars per year. and strictly in keeping with the idea of steady prosperity. 1t and the variations in valu- The delinquent tax list has spasmodic, but regular has been held by the same person during the period covered by the statemer ation are not caused by a difference of opinion between different ofhcers. d to but a few hundred dollars and this has been on property assesse ate of taxation in Santa Clara County is, practically, the amounte d to unknown owners or to which the ownership was in dispute. Ther Original Defective a ————— lowest in the State. The county has no floating indebtedness, the law requiring that no expense shall be incurre? in any year in excess of the revenue provided for that year. The bonded debt is $212,000 and bears an average annual interest of 412 per cent. For the payment of this debt a sinking fund has been provided and the debt will be entirely extinguished in a very short time, with no addition to the rate of taxation. Ten yearsago the bonded debt amounted to half a million of dollars. Itwas incurred in the early days and was, chiefly, to aid in the construction of railroads. It then bore an average rate The fact that the debt has been so greatly reduced in so short a hich the refunding bonds have been issued, is a strik- ing proof of the prosperity of the county and the high character of its credit in financial circles. The public buildings owned by the county are valued at about three quarters of a million of dollars. The most prominent among them are the Court House, the Jail, the Hall of Records (which is a beautiful granite building just erected and which, with its furniture, will have cost about $300,000), a County Hospital and a County Almshouse. The aggregate amount of public property owned by the county will approximate in value $1,200,000. of interest of about seven per cent. time, and the greatly decreased rate of interest at w COUNTRY ROADS. oY oT . Original Defective Li PUBLIC SCHOOLS. | HERE are eighty-eight school districts in the county employing 220 teachers. There are three High ® schools, one hundred and six Grammar schools, one hundred Primary schools, besides Kindergar- tens. Theaveragesalaries paid teachers is $99.21 for males and $66.51 for females. Each district is provided with a comfortable building fitted up with all the modern and most approved educational appliances. These buildinge have been erected at a cost of from $2.000 to $20,000. Some of the more thickly populated districts have several buildings and the people keep a vigilant watch that the facilities LowsreL 0 = Lower SCHOOL BUILDINGS, SAN JOSE, CAI = RPA en for popular education are not abridged for want of funds. The value of the property belonging to the public schools of Santa Clara County is $525,000 and the annual expenditures for school purposes is $210,000. This does not include the amount collected for this purpose in incorporated cities and towns. In most of the districts school is maintained during ten months of the year. Besides the money provided by the State and County for the maintenance of the public schools, those institutions located within the limits of incorporated cities and towns receive additional and substantial support from the several municipalities. The State NORMAL SCHOOL is located at San Jose and occupies a magnificent building with annex, in the center of Washington Square, a tract of 25 acres in the heart of the city. It is provided with a faculty of exceptional ability, and the training of the students is of the most rigid character. Itis sought by candidates for the profession of pedagogy from all portions of the State and, at the end of the course, only the fittest survive. UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES. HILE so much has been done for the common schools, the cause of the higher education has not by any means been neglected. There are, within the limits of the county, a number of institutions that have achieved a national reputation. The LELAND STANFORD JR. University, endowed by the late Senator Stanford with property valued at more than $20,000,000, and which will receive an additional endowment of $5,000,000 in money from the estate of its founder, is situated in Santa Clara County. A description of this great institution would be a work of supererogation. Its fame has spread to every civilized community, and its great objects and proposed methods are familiar to all who are interested in the purposes for which it was created. No information that could be given in these circumscribed pages would add anything to the knowledge of those to whom this book will go. It is a university in the broadest meaning of the term. Its curriculum comprises every branch of study from the classics to theliberal and mechanical Orph ares BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. She Gity of San Jose. AN JOSE is the County seat of Santa Clara County, and is a fitting jewel in the center of a regal crown. Its first settlement was under the Spanish government in 1782, at whicn time it was formally declared to be a “pueblo” and allotments of land were made to the settlers under the Spanish colonial system. It had the usual experience of outlying provinces and continued a dreamy existence until after the close of the war with Mexico when, by the terms of the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Alta California was ceded to the United States. Under the American occupation, the fertility of the soil of the surrounding valley, and the delicious climate, attracted many settlers and the town flourished. The rush of immigration of early days, however, went to the newly discovered gold mines in other portions of the State. As the gold fever abated, the population of the town gradually increased and it was early known as a “substantial” place. Up to 1869 it shared, in common with the other portions of the State, the disadvantage of remoteness from populous communities. Thelongand wearisome, and frequently dangerous, journey over mountain and desert and plain had a detering influence on immigration that the reports of our natural advantages could hardly overcome. In 1869 the disability was in a manner removed by the completion of the overland railroad. In that year the voting population of the County was 3,099 of which a little over one third was in San Jose. From that time the growth of the city has been as rapid as was consistent with solid prosperity. The last census reports a population of 48,005 in the County and 18,000 in the city, being an increase of about 43 per cent in ten years. All around the city limits the suburbs are as densely settled as in the city proper so that the city can justly claim, for practical purposes, a population of at least 30,000. CHURCH BUILDINGS, SAN JOSE, CAL. STREETS AND SIDEWALKS. HE city has 120 miles of improved streets and 240 miles of sidewalks. The streets are from 80 to 100 feet wide and the sidewalks from 16 to 20 feet wide. All the streets are laid out at right angles and the building spaces are conveniently numbered. No expense has been spared in the improvement of the public thoroughfares. All modern suggestions that show merit have been tested, and a system has been finally adopted that seems as near perfection as human skill can attain. The method of construction on which the municipality has finally settled, is a substantial subway of concrete covered with petroleum rock melted and applied so as to make a surface as level as a floor and almost as clastic as gutta-percha. All the material for street improvements is of convenient access to the city. Thus improved the roadway is noiseless and, as the wear is principally from compression and not from abrasion, it is practically indestructible. Very many of the streets of San Jose are thus constructed and the system is being rapidly extended to the whole city. Of the 240 miles of sidewalks, 200 miles areimproved in an equally permanent and convenient manner. Many of them are constructed of stone and others after the manner of the street improvement above described. Thus the streets and sidewalks of San Jose are free from mud in the wettest of seasons. The sidewalks are generally bordered with shade trees, palms and other ornamental trees, and grass plots, conducing greatly to the comfort of the citizens and producing an effect that has given to San Jose the name of the “GarpexCrry.” SEWERAGE SYSTEM. O city on the Pacific Coast possesses a better natural drainage than San Jose, and there is no city in which the natural advantages have been so well improved. The city has forty miles of main and branch sewers already constructed, and more are being built as necessity demands. The outlet for the system is at tide water on the San Francisco Bay and the fall is a little over ten feet to the mile. The distance from the outlet to the nearest point on the city limits is about four miles. The principal drainway is through the center of the city. It is thirty feet below the surface and is built of on PET ¢ TRinTY EpiscopAL CHURCH BUILDINGS, SAN JOSE, CAL. brick. Within the city limits it is of an oval shape with an aperture three feet wide by four feet and a half high. Outside the city it is of circular form with an aperture five feet in diameter. Subsidiary brick sewers with an aperture of 25 inches by 42 inches encircle the city on both sides, emptying into the main drain just outside the city limits on the north. With these, branch sewers constructed of vitrified stone, and running along the center of each street, are connected. There is a city ordinance requiring every property owner to connect his premises with the public sewer system, and this rule is rigidly enforced. The result is almost absolute freedom from malarial and other diseases incident to imperfect drainage. PUBLIC PARKS AND SQUARES. 5 JOSE has no lack of public resorts and recreation grounds. The genial climate tempts the people to the open air during every month in the vear and, early in the history of the city, provision was made for places of resort where the people could enjoy the invigorating atmosphere in comparative seclusion. SAINT JAMES SQUARE occupies four blocks in the center of the city and opposite the Court House and Hall of Records. It is beautifully improved and contains many rare trees and shrubs and flowers. The trees have grown into a forest and attractive walks wind their course under magnificent foliage. A large fountain and basin occupies the center and the street margin of the grounds is bordered with magnificent palms. Comfortable seats are placed at convenient intervals and a splendid band of thirty pieces furnishes a concert three evenings in each week. WASHINGTON SQUARE is a tract of 25 acres also near the center of the city. It was given to the State as a site for the State Normal School, which institution occupies the center of the tract and a description of which has been given in the preceding pages. The grounds are well improved and are open to the public. The city also owns a tract of 400 acres situated in a romantic canvon seven miles east of the city. SANTA CLARA COLLEGE, SaxtA CLARA, CAL. . EXTER’OR OF QUADRANGLE, LELAND STANFORD Jr. UNIVERSITY" Leading to it is a magnificent avenue, a hundred feet wide and macadamized, sprinkled and beautifully shaded. A motor road also connects this beautiful resort with the city, and trains are run at short intervals and with rate so low as to bring a ride into the mountains within the reach of the humblest citizen. This natural park is composed of magnificent hillsides covered with all of the numerous varieties of trees and shrubbery indigenous to the soil. Lying in the embrace of these romantic hills is a large tract of level ground through which a beautiful mountain stream is precipitated. This stream leaps down into the park, at its castern boundary, making a sheer descent of thirty feet, and thence, pursuing its course boisterously through the canyon flows gently across the valley on its way to the sea. Grouped in the canyon are numerous mineral springs of all degrees of temperature. There are springs of sulphur, soda, magnesia, iron, and springs made up of a combination of all these elements. The city has done much toward the improvement of this park and has made arrangements to do much more. A comfortable hotel has been erected and a commodious bath house, supplied with hot and cold water from the mineral springs above mentioned is in operation. A swimming bath has been constructed and beautiful drives laid out in every direction. The park is free to all the people of SAN Jose and is greatly frequented by persons in search of recreation or health. The ease with which the park can be reached, and the advantages it possesses, both as a sanitarium and for recreation, makes it a favorite resort at all seasons of the year. WATER SUPPLY. HE water supply of San Jose is drawn from the crystal streams and limpid fountains of the Santa ©) Cruz mountains, and is bright, sparkling and pure. In different places in the hills, storage reservoirs have been constructed of a capacity sufficient for all the necessities of the city. These reservoirs are from ten to fifteen miles distant from SAN Jose and are at a sufficient altitude to insure all the pressure that is needed. The water system is owned by an incorporated company and its rates are subject to control by the city. The popular feeling is, however, that the city should be the absolute SOME BUSINESS BLOCKS, SAN JOSE, CAL. owner of its water supply and there is every reason to believe that this object will be accomplished within a reasonable time. The supply, under the present system, has been ample for all requirements and the resources in this direction seem capable of keeping pace with the growth of the city for many vears to come. But, should it ever happen that the streams of the Santa Cruz mountains should not be sufficient, there is an inexhaustible supply in the hills that border the eastern side of the valley, and which can be made available at comparatively little expense. However, the citizens of SAN JOSE are not compelled to rely on the public system for their supply of water. The city is in what is known as the “artesian belt” and pure water from the bowels of the earth can he obtained in unlimited quantities and at little expense. The subterranean streams seem to be inexhaustible and, when called upon, yield a response that is more than satisfactory. In many instances the flow from these wells is of sufficient force to project a stream through an inch and a quarter pipe to « height of fifteen feet. At any point in the city, or lower porton of the valley, these wells can be obtained at a depth of from 100 to 500 feet. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES. AN JOSE possesses ample conveniences both for travel and for the transportation of the products of the county and the reception of supplies. Its railroad connections will be seen by a reference to the map on another page. Three lines connect the city with San Fraacisco, over which twenty-three trains are run each day. A line runs to the sea coast at Santa Cruz, and a line south, connecting with the southern portion of the State. This southern line will, in less than a year, be the : NY ; ET — route over which the regular overland trains through this State will be run. This result is only waiting yr | fIIITITID B= ZN) re EL the completion of the tunnel at the Santa Margarita Gap, in Santa Barbara County, on which work 1s : being pressed with vigor. The fast trains which are run between San Jose and San Francisco, and which occupy only about an hour in transit, enables the business men of that city to make their homes in this County. Many of them have built beautiful residences in San Jose and at different points along the line of the road, and a home in the beautiful Santa Clara Valley is rapidly becoming an object of MAYFIELD Dy ST ambition on the part of the people of San Francisco. Inside the County the stations on the railroads are frequent; and this, together with the magnificent condition of the country roads during the entire vear, renders the transportation of the products of the County speedy and convenient. San Jose is what is known as a “common point,” that is, a point from which freight can be shipped to any place on the American continent, which has railroad connection, without change of cars. STREET AND LOCAL RAILROADS. ‘3 the matter of intermural transit, SAN Josk has ample facilities. Two lines of electric railway ) traverse the center of the city, one from north to south and the other from east to west. The former is continued two and a half miles from the southern city limits to the Oak Hill cemetery; the latter is continued west and northerly three miles to the town of Santa Clara. Other independent and connecting lines occupy the principal streets making rapid and convenient transit between all portions of the city. The cars are of approved modern construction and have all appliances for safety or comfort. Franchises have been granted for lines of electric roads parallel with the public highways and extending in different directions to the country districts and the rich fruit growing sections on either side of the valley. It is expected that many of these will be completed and in operation within the next eighteen months. When this is accomplished the entire production of the country will be marketed in San Jose. This production is of immense proportions, the fruit crop alone aggregating an annual value of more than Five MILLIONS OF DOLLARS. WATER TRANSPORTATION. S will be seen on the map, the Bay of San Francisco penetrates the northern boundary of the County. It is navigable for smaller vessels as far as the town of Alviso. The expenditure of a comparatively small amount of money would make the harbor convenient to vessels of the largest size. This fact has been demonstrated by government surveys. That the work will be accomplished in the near future does not admit of a doubt. When completed San Jose will become an A GLIMPSE OF FORMFR TIMES, important seaport and thisimportance will be enormously increased by the completion of the Nicaragua canal. It will furnish an inlet and outlet for the commerce, not only of Santa Clara County, but for the great country lying south and on either side. It will enable the people of San Jose to obtain still cheaper fuel for manufacturing enterprises and make it the chief point on the coast for industrial enterprises. As yet, no concerted movement has been made to obtain government aid for this work. That the government will see the advantage of improving this harbor, when the matter is properly presented, there is no doubt. Buteven asa private enterprise, conducted by private capital, it cannot fail to recommend itself to the consideration of people of practical intelligence. EDUCATIONAL. EFERENCE to the schools of San Jose has been incidentally made in a foregoing page while speaking of the public school system of the County. Something more than this is demanded in order that strangers may get a true idea of the care and expense that is exercised towards perfecting the educational facilities of the city. For many years San Jose has been known as an educational center. This reputation was a considerable factor in selecting a location for the State Normal School. The public schools are under the control of a Board of Education composed of eight members, four of whom are elected each year. The course of study begins with the Kindergarten and goes up through primary and grammar grades and ends with the High School. The full ¢ourse occupies eight years. Pupils who have successfully completed the High School course are ready to enter the University of California, the public school system contemplating a full university course. As to the efficiency of the training, it 1s a matter of common repute that the graduates from the High School of San Josestand at the head of all the classes in the annual examinations for admission to the University. The city has six main school buildings varying in cost from $12,000 to $25,000. It has three kindergarten buildings and has accepted plans for a Central High School building to cost $75,000. The buildings are fitted up in accordance with the most approved plans and are supplied with all the ARS RK WRU NN Ks AN Ys ON N/ 11] NY COUNTRY ROADS—With System of Sprinkling. apparatus recommended by skill and experience in the educational profession. There are 84 teachers regularly employed in the department and to whom are paid salaries sufficient to secure the best services obtainable. In addition to the public schools there are numerous private institutions of learning, some with a general course of study and some devoted to specialties. There are two commercial and business colleges each with a large attendance, and fully equipped for the business in all its departments. There is an Art school and School of Design under the management of the San Jose Art Association and which expects soon to erect a noble building to be used as an Art Gallery and School of Instruction. St. Joseph's Day School 1s a Catholic institution for boys and occupies an imposing edifice in the center of the city. There are private academies for the training of both ladies and gentlemen, and a night school 1s maintained by the city six months in the year. The superior educational facilities offered by San Jose has attracted to that city people of culture and refinement from all parts of the country, and thus the community possesses exceptional social advantages. In this chapter it is proper to notice the Free Public Library maintained by the city and managed by a Board of Trustees elected by the people. It contains many thousand volumes of carefully selected books, besides all the leading newspapers and periodicals of the day. It occupies spacious apartments in the City Hall, but a building for its exclusive use is about to be erected. PUBLIC LIGHTING SYSTETL LECTRICITY and gas are used for public and private lighting. For street purposes the system consists of an iron tower 200 feet high rising from the four corners at the intersection of Market and Santa Clara streets. At the summit are placed six arc lights of 4,000 candle power each. These lights are of sufficient power to send their rays to the outside city limits and to furnish sufficient illumination for the suburbs. Except where the rays are obstructed by the foliage, they furnish sufficient light for the highways at a distance of eight miles from the city and, on the foothills, at a distance of twelve miles, the figures on the dial of a watch are distinctly visible. The tower is supplemented by HOTEL VENDOME, SAN JOSE, CAL. eighty-foot masts on the principal streets each surmounted with a lamp of 6,000 candle power. Lamps of 4,000 candle power are suspended at a lower altitude at the intersection of streets. In business houses and dwellings both arc and incandescent lamps are used. Gas is employed where the use of electricity would be inconvenient or impracticable. POSTAL FACILITIES. J HE postal facilities of San Jose are fully equal to the other advantages possessed by the city. ©) Seven mails arrive daily and are dispatched to principal points northward and as many south. In addition to these general mails there are mails almost every hour in the day from points inside the county. The city has the free delivery system and the service covers not only the territory within the city limits, but extends for some distance into the suburbs. In 1890 the government made an appropriation of $200,000 for the construction of a postoffice building in San Jose. It is a massive building different from the usual style of government structures and harmonizes with the graceful architecture that characterizes the public and private buildings of the city. The business transacted at the postoffice is a fair indication of the importance of the community and, for thisreason, a comparative statement of the transactions at the San Jose office is given: This statement covers the vear ending March 81, 1890, and the year ending March 31, 1893. 1890. na $33,055.22...... 2 [R48.85..... 150.32........ Letter Carriers................. ... 10,469.81... Receipts of Office........... ........ 35,904.07. The increase in the sale of stamps and in the deliveries by special messenger, indicate the growth of business in three vears. But it should be taken into consideration that, during that time, a number of new offices have been created in territory formerly tributary to the San Jose office. This has diverted much business from the latter. For this reason it is impossible to make an estimate that would be COURT HOUSE, SAN JOSE. will find the prices of some articles greater than in some eastern communities, but, in way of compensa- tion, they will find other articles so much cheaper that the aggregate of expenses will not be any greater. A larger proportion of the people of San Jose own their homes than in any other city of similar size in the Union. Those houses that are built for rent are of good architecture and convenient. Rent is reasonably low and other expenses are not out of proportion. Merchants purchase their goods at the factories and sell them at reasonable rates. NEWSPAPERS. AN JOSE has four daily newspapers which thoroughly cover the field ot journalism. The «MERCURY is a morning paper issued seven days each week and is the leading interior journal of the State. It is an eight page paper of eight columns to the page and is ably conducted in all It prints the Associated Press dispatches and is delivered before breakfast over its departments. Its excellent delivery system is prominent among its routes extending ten miles into the country. many admirable features. Itis published by C. M. SHORTRIDGE. “Tae HERALD is an evening paper published by the Herald Publishing Company. of seven columns and has the Associated Press dispatches. J. F. TuoMpsoN is editor and H. H. Maix is manager. It is ably conducted. The “EvexING NEws' is an eight column folio and is published in the evening. d Press Association and makes a feature of the horticultural interests of the It is an octavo It prints the dispatches of the Unite county. C.W. WiLLiaums is editor and proprietor. The “DaiLy RECORD’ is also an evening paper published by the Record Publishing Company. is devoted very largely to local news. Itis a seven column folio. R. SALMON is its manager. and five monthly newspapers and magazines All are ably conducted and stand high in It Besides the daily press San Jose has nine weekly devoted to news, literature, art and special subjects. journalistic circles and in general public estimation. Srecer Yew. GAP AT Los GATS, SCENES IN AND AROUND LOS GATOS, CAL. Gs EY I. 5 i A ee. d CHURCHES. EARLY every religious denomination of the civilized world is represented in San Jose. All seemto © be in a flourishing condition and many of them have comfortable houses of worship. The Epworth League, the society of Christain Endeavor, and other auxiliary societies, have organ- izations in the city with large membership. The Young Men’s Christian Association is well equipped having a large edifice devoted to its work. The building contains a lecture and assembly hall a well appointed gymnasium, a library and reading room and all the other apartments necessary for efficient work. The Young Men’s Institute is a Catholic Society and has many earnest members. This association is about to erect a magnificent building for its use. MISCELLANEOUS. HE Western Union and the Postal telegraph companies both have offices in San Jose, and there is a telephone service connecting all portions of the city and extending to San Francisco and other points. The Police force consists of twenty men and is amply sufficient for the protection of the city. The force is uniformed and has attached toit a mounted patrol and a police patrol wagon. There is a paid Fire Department fully equipped with the most approved steam engines and apparatus In short, San Jose has all of the adjuncts necessary to a well governed city. © 6 0 0 0 0 0s ese see eee T_T... sg —— and electricity and its public schools are of peculiar excellence. It is a favorite place of residence for students, and people doing business in San Francisco or San Jose. It has, tributary to it, a large and prosperous orchard district and its business interests are large and important. It has two excellent papers, the “Saxta CLARA JoUrNaL,” a semi-weekly paper and the weekly “INDEX,” ably edited and conducted. and which watches jealously over the interests of the community. LOS GATOS. , HE beautiful town of Los Gatos stands at the gate that opens down on to the valley from the ©) western hills. It is at sufficient altitude to give an uninterrupted view of the “Garden of the World" of which itself is one of the chief attractions. It lies in what is called the “warm belt, a region where the climate is so mild and equable that vegetation does not halt in its growth during the entire vear, and where fresh fruits and vegetables can be gathered nearly every day in the annual cycle. Its sanitary conditions are so perfect that it has attracted people from all portions of the country to make their homes in this delightful spot. The beautiful and healthful surroundings of Los Gatos induced the Fathers of the Society of Jesus to establish there their noble school and had a controlling influence in the location of the American Institute, an extensive hospital for the treatment of inebriacy and the diseases resulting therefrom. The material resources of the town are no less than its sanitary advantages. Situated in the heart of one of the most fertile foot-hill districts of the State, it 1s surrounded by fruitful orchards and vineyards and has become noted as a horticultural depot. In 1880 it had a population of 555. The census of 1890 reports the number of inhabitants as being 1652. The streets are broad and well improved. It has all the modern appliances for supplying the people with light and water, and its opportunities for sewerage are unsurpassed. The Los Gatos creek, a beautiful and picturesque mountain stream, flows through the center of the town. The abundance of the purest water has induced the establishment of an ice factory of enormous proportions and which is put to its full capacity to supply the demand for its product from all portions of the State. It has two TOWNS IN SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CAL. PAs SAP AO The South Pacific Coast Railway connects it with San Four trains run daily each way and the ease with ace of residence for people whose business is in banks with resources equal to any emergency. Francisco, which is only an hour and a half distant. which Los Gatos can be reached has made it a favorite pl San Francisco or San Jose. Magnificent mansions flank the hillsides and beautiful homes are the rule. Between Los Gatos and San Jose, a distance of ten miles, the roads are kept in splendid condition being sprinkled in summer and so constructed as to be free from mud in the winter. And so are all the highways leading to or from Los Gatos. The town has magnificent school buildings and churches, and its people are noted for intelligence and hospitality. It is an ideal town and one that is advancing with giant strides. It has three newspapers the “DaILy CuroxICLE,” the “News’’ and the “Marr,” all conducted with marked ability. The California Grape Food Company, having for its object the s. has located an extensive establishment at Los Gatos. GILROY. manufacture of grape and fruit syrup HE city of Gilroy is situated in the southern portion of the County and commands the business of all that section. It has a population of 1694. Its streets are laid out at right angles and are finely improved. It has an excellent svstem of public lighting and water supply. Its school buildings are large and equipped with all modern improvements. Its churches are commodious and its buildings, both public and private, are constructed with an eve to beauty as well as convenience. It has a bank that is fully competent to carry the enormous business of that community, and is on a financial basis so solid as to preclude doubt. The city is on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railroad 30 miles from San Jose and 80 miles from San Francisco. It is at the junction of two branch one of which connects with the sea coast and the other with the interior. It will be an important point on the transcontinental line when through trains begin running on the new route next year. The country surrounding Gilroy is very fertile and consists of a broad expanse of valley which shades off into the foothills. Up to a very recent time all this country was held under one title, the occupants lines, being tenants in common. This prevented settlement and improvement; but the ranch has now been partitioned and each settler’s share set off to him in severalty. When this was accomplished both city and country took on a new life and Gilroy has become a progressive community. It contains some of the best fruit land in the County and its dairy products have achieved a high reputation. The famous tobacco fields of San Felipe are in this community and yield a product equal to the Cuban fields. Owing to the unsettled condition of the title, as above referred to, the land has, up to a very recent day, been held in large tracts and its resources were practically undeveloped. But it is different now. The large grain fields are giving place to the smaller orchards and the results already achieved in this direction show that horticulture, in its most successful development, is the destiny of this fertilesection. Gilroy has three newspapers, the “DaiLy TELEGRAM,” the weekly ‘‘ApvocaTE” and the “GazeTTE,” all ably conducted and prosperous. They are devoted to the interests of that community and are full of information as to its achievements and possibilities. UNINCORPORATED TOWNS. the County where business or social advantages demand. Generally they are ideal places of Ba cou villages and towns without independent municipal government arelocated throughout residence and, in many instances have a great volume of business. ALviso is in the northern part of the County, on an arm of San Francisco Bay. Formerly it was a port of entry and, when improvement of the harbor is consummated, will become an important seaport. It is on the S. P. C. Railway and is the principal point for the shipment of small fruits and vegetables grown in the fertile lowlands. ALMA is a village on the S. P. C. Railway three miles west of Los Gatos and is the nearest station to the oil wells of the Santa Cruz mountains. CAMPBELL is situated five miles to the southwest of San Jose in the midst of the fruitful orchards ORCHARD SCENE . SCENES AROUND LOS GATOS, SANTA CLARA COUNTY, CAL. VINEYARD . of the west side. It is on the S. P. C. Railway and is growing rapidly. It is the center of operations of the “Campbell Fruit Growers Union,” a co-operative society that handles nearly all the enormous fruit crops grown in that section. The society owns extensive packing houses and drying grounds and, last season, (1893) placed on the market about THREE THOUSAND Tons of fruit. The Ainsley cannery is located here. This institution packs exclusively for the London market and its products are of superior excellence. Being located within fifteen minutes ride from San Jose and an hour and a quarter from San Francisco, this beautiful and progressive town is rapidly achieving a popularity as a place of residence for people engaged in business in those cities. CUPERTINO is eight miles west of San Jose at the junction of two of the main thoroughfares of the County. It is surrounded with magnificent vineyards and fine orchards. It has extensive wineries whose product has achieved a high reputation. It is a thriving community. MiLpITas is situated seven miles north of San Jose on the C. P. Railroad. Its name is Spanish and was acquired by reason of its genial climate and the fertile soil of the hills to the east. In these hills and small valleys green peas and new potatoes and other vegetables are sent to market in January and vield a large profit to the producers. In the valley, small fruits are grown in great quantities and large crops of hay and grain are obtained each year. The town is progressive. It has good church buildings and its educational advantages are unsurpassed in any town of its size. It is a prominent shipping point for all classes of agricultural and horticultural produce. NEw ALMADENX is in the hills 12 miles south af San Jose, with which it is connected by two lines ot railroad. It is a mining town and was built up as an adjunct to the New Almaden Quicksilver mines. These mines are the richest on the American continent and second to none in the world except, perhaps, the quicksilver mines of old Almaden in Spain. BERRYESSA 1s 5 miles to the east and north of San Jose and is noted as being the center of the fruit interests of that section of the valley. The product of its orchards are famous both for quality and GLIMPSES OF ORCHARDS. It has a church, a fine school-house, a large cannery and a co-operative for quantity of production. fruit association. EVERGREEN is 7 miles to the east and south of San Jose. assembly hall, and is surrounded by orchards and vineyards. of Union soldiers is located at this place. SARATOGA is located in the foothills 10 miles west of San Jose. It has excellent school facilities, a public The Home for the widows and orphans It is noted for its beautifullocation, its orchards and vineyards, and its mineral springs. It is a favorite summer resort. E, BURNETT, MADRONE, TexnanT, and Morcan HiLL, are villages HiLrspaLg, EDEN VaLE, CovoT on the Southern Pacific Railroad, and do business in proportion situated between San Jose and Gilroy, to the extent and fertility of the surrounding country. MounTaIN VIEW is on the Southern Pacific Railroad, 11 miles to the northwest of San Jose. The old town is on the stage road to San Francisco. When the railroad was constructed a new town was laid out about half a mile to the east of the old one. The growth and prosperity of the country has caused the subdivision of the territory between thetwo locations and now there is, practically, but one town. It is situated in the midst of a rich agricultural and horticultural section and is within easy reach of water transportation via San Francisco Bay. It has good church and school buildings, and an excellent newspaper ably edited and vigilant as to the interests of the community. Railroad, 14 miles to the northwest of San Jose and near the MAYFIELD is on the Southern Pacific It is a growing town and rich in Leland Stanford Jr. University and the Palo Alto Stock Farm. resources, both developed and undeveloped. Its public schools are excellent and its people progressive. Its business relations are extensive and important. Its interests are carefully watched over by the «Paro ALTO,” a weekly paper that is fully up to date. Paro ALTO is a new town laid out since the establishment of the Leland Stanford Jr. University. TR STN A UNION SAVINGS BANK, SAN JOSE, CAL. It is on the railroad at the point nearest that institution, and derives its importance mainly from that fact. WRIGHTS' is a railroad town near the summit of the Santa Cruz mountains. It has, tributary to it, many of the mountain vineyards and orchards and does a large husiness in wood. AcNEwWS, located 5 miles north of San Jose, is the site of the California State Hospital for the Insane. LAWRENCE is a station on the S. P. Railroad and has large truit and vine interests. 3 - Frwk and Wine. RUIT growing is the dominant industry of Santa Clara County. This interest has been evolved in © the regular course of events. When the Catholic Fathers established the Missions in California, they planted around their inhabitations both orchards and vineyards. As the native races gave way to the Spaniard, small orchards and vineyards became more frequent adjuncts to the residences of the inhabitants. But horticulture, as an industry, was not even dreamed of in those days. The whole interest of the Spaniard was centered in his herds of cattle that roamed at will over plain and hillside, the pelts and tallow from which constituted his sole ticles of commerce. The advent of the American transformed these pastures into grain fields, and the agricultural era begun. Years passed and people from the “States” came and population increased. But, with the exceptions of small family orchards and a few vines planted for home use, there was nothing on the face of the country to indicate its horticuliural destiny. Each new settler brought, or had sent to him, those varieties of fruit to which he was accustomed in his old home, and these, added to those planted by the Fathers, gave an infinite BUILDINGS ERECTED BY THE LATE JAMES PHELAN. variety. In time it was discovered that the trees and vines grew and fruited to a degree beyond all experience in other climes. Then came a surplus of fruit and with this came the idea that it might have some commercial value. The surplus was placed on the market and brought such rich returns that many new orchards were planted and horticulture began to be a special occupation. But, as there was at that time no outlet from the State for the increased production, and the population was too sparse to consume the crop, a sufficient market could not be found. For several seasons the largest portion of the product was permitted to waste. This period of overproduction gave the fruit industry a halt and extracted all the horticultural enthusiasm from most of the people. Soon after the completion of the overland railroad, the first cannery was established in San Jose, and the people, seeing the prospect for a market, the interest in horticulture revived. The business of packing fruit for eastern consumers began to take on large proportions and the demand for orchard products induced the planting of more ground; but, mindful of the experience of former days, great caution was exercised and it was not until in the early eighties that the people became convinced that overproduction was an impossibility. As the quantity increased the demand kept pace and prices did not diminish. About 1888 a very gratifying discovery was made. Up to that time fruit dried in an evaporator commanded a much higher price than that cured in the sun. No machine that had been invented had sufficient capacity to handle the crop. All at once it was ascertained that fruit cured in the warm sunshine and pure atmosphere of Santa Clara County was greatly superior, both in flavor and appearance, to that cured by any other known process. It was ascertained that fruit dried in an evaporator, or by the processes in use in France, being subjected to a high degree of artificial heat, was more or less cooked and lost much of its original flavor. On the other hand, by the sun process, as practiced by the o1 hardists of Santa Clara County, the moisture was evaporated by the natural heat of the sun aided by an atmosphere void of humidity, and the result was fruit preserved in its own sugar and retaining its natural color and all its delicacy of flavor. \ LASPTZER RESIDENCE OF L. A. SPITZER, SAN JOSE RESIDENCE OF HON. JAS. W. REA, SANTA CLARA RESIDENCE OF C. C. MORSE, SANTA CLARA RESIDENCE OF B. GRISWOLD, Sax Jose VARIETIES OF FRUIT. HERE seems to be no limit to the varieties of fruit that can be produced in Santa Clara County, but it is not the intention to go through the list in this work. The method of culture, and the expense and profit attending the growing of some of the standard varieties will only be presented. Oranges, Lemons and other citrus fruits do well and vield largely. Both climate and soil are well adapted both to growth and fruitage. But experience has demonstrated that there is not the profit in oranges and lemons that there is in deciduous fruits. In addition to the cost of cultivation, and the time spent in waiting for a crop, there is the added disadvantages of having to market the orange and the lemon as soon as they are matured and, incidentally, the additional cost for transportation. The deciduous fruit can be preserved and held for a market, can be shipped in less bulk and atlower charges, and can be sent by slow freight or even by water if necessary. The statistician of the State Board of Trade has given out figures that indicate that the prune crop alone of Santa Clara County brings in, annually, nearly double as much money as the orange crop of the entire State. In the standard fruits, the FRENCH PRUNE is the most popular. This popularity has been achieved by the fact that it is a heavy bearer, very sure in its crop, is more easily harvested and prepared for the market than any of the other fruits. In no place on the globe does this fruit grow to such perfection as in Santa Clara County. This is due, in some degree, to the peculiarity of climate. The French prune is averse both to extreme cold and extreme heat. In this valley it finds the exact temperature suited to its temperament. The average yield of prunes is about eight tons to the acre and the price for the fruit, green, runs from $25 to $60 per ton. The shrinkage in curing is about two and a half to one. Most of the orchardists cure their crops and thus get an additional profit. A good prune orchard will bring in a net annual income of $200 and upwards per acre. California has no competitor in the growing of the ApricoT. No place has yet been discovered where this luscious fruit vields so largely or grows to such perfection as in this State. In Santa Clara THE GREAT CATHERINE DUNNE RANCH, BEING SUBDIVIDED BY BURBANK & DEVENDORF, SAN JOSE, CAL. County the trees begin to bear at the age of three years; but no considerable crop can be expected before five vears. The vield per acre is about the same as of prunes, but it costs more to gather and cure the crop. While prunes are shaken from the tree or may be permitted to fall on the ground and remain several davs before being gathered, the apricot must be picked by hand and will permit of no delay after it is ripe. The prune is simply dipped in a bath of hot lye, rinsed and placed on the drying trav; but the apricot must be cut in two, the pit extracted and the fruit exposed to sulphur fumes before being placed to the sun. The average vield from a good apricot orchard is from $200 to $400 per acre. Many countries produce PeacHEs, and no monopoly in the growing of this fruit is claimed for California. But it is claimed that no country produces such fine fruit, or so large a yield per tree. Peach trees in Santa Clara County get into good bearing at the age of 3 years and quite considerable crops have been gathered from two-year old trees. And there are many trees in the country over 35 vears old which are still vigorous and yield large crops annually. While many countries grow peaches, none possess a climate for curing them equal to that of Santa Clara County. Here there are no summer showers; for months the sky is cloudless and the regular and gentle breezes carry away the moisture as rapidly as it is evaporated. Fruit cured in the sun of Santa Clara County is, in fact, fruit preserved in its own sugar. The yield of a peach orchard is about the same as that from apricots, although each vear shows some exceptional results. It is not phenomenal for a vigorous orchard to vield a return of $500 per acre; but such large results are the exception and not the rule. The soil and climate of Sanra Clara County is especially adapted to the growth and development of the CHERRY. In no other community on the coast does it attain such a perfection of size and flavor, nor do the trees have such enormous bearing power. It is a crop that is more than ordinarily sure, and very remunerative. As much as $1200 per acre has been obtained and there are authenticated cases of much larger returns. One tree on the orchard of Mr. John Selby, 4 miles north of San Jose, produced RESIDENCE OF GEO. Y. BOLLINGER, SAN Jose RESIDENCE OF S. F. AYER, MILPITAS RESIDENCE OF H WARD WRIGHT, SAN JOSE RESIPENCE OF JAMES A. CLAYTON, SAN JOSE last year, eight hundred pounds of fruit that was sold for $40. One acre of such trees would yield $4000. Cherry trees grow rapidly in nearly all parts of the valley; they bear no considerable crops until the eighth year. It requires some extra labor to pick and pack tne crop. but the returns are proportionately large. Mr. Jacks, from his orchard 2% miles southwest from San Jose, last year sold the crop on less than 4 acres of ground for $3300 dollars, the purchaser to take it on the trees. The Pear was one of the first fruits grown in Santa Clara County. It occupied a prominent position in the orchards of the Missions and in the family orchards that were planted afterwards. It was always a favorite fruit and the orchards and nurseries of the world have been ransacked for choice varieties. More than a hundred different kinds are grown here, all of the highest degree of excellence. The trees fruit voung and bear heavily. The luscious pears from the orchards of Santa Clare County first drew the attention of the people of the east to the wonderful horticultural possibilities of California. Some enormous returns are reported from the pear trees of this County. Nearly all the varieties are good shippers and the largest portion of the crop is sent to the eastern market in a fresh state. Although the ArpLEs grown in Santa Clara County are of superior excellence and the trees bear heavy crops, this fruit is not grown as extensively as in former years. The people prefer to grow those fruits in which there is the least competition. The eastern states produce about all the apples that can be profitably marketed and, in this department, Santa Clara County does not propose to compete. Nut BearinG TrREEs grow luxuriantly and fruit heavily. There are large orchards of ALMONDS while the ExcLisH WALNUT appears on nearly every avenue and furnishes both fruit and shade to many homesteads. While there are hundreds of walnut trees in the County, no one as vet has made this branch of horticulture a specialty. The interval between planting and crop is too long and the people generally content themselves with growing only as much as they want for home consumption. Considerable attention has been lately given to the culture of the OLIVE, but the general interest in RESIDENCE OF O. A. HALE. RESIDENCE OF F. E. THOMPSON. this industry is of too recent date to afford much valuable information. There are several old olive orchards in the County that offer some reliable statistics. Prominent among these is “El Quito," the product of which, both fruit and oil, excited so much admiration at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago. The trees grow vigorously and, where they have attained sufficient age, bear heavily. When the product of the new orchards gets on to the market we can speak more advisably as to the profit attending the industry. The revenue from trees already in bearing indicates results fully equal to those attained in other departments of horticulture. Of small fruits Santa Clara County produces an abundance. For many years her STRAWBERRY FieLps supplied the entire State with this lucious fruit and she continues to grow nine-tenths of all that is produced in California. The strawberry fields are generally in the lowlands adjoining San Francisco Bay and, in many instances are grown with a row of onions between each row of vines. Thus two profitable crops are produced at the same time. The fact has been spread to all parts of the United States that fresh strawberries can be gathered from the vines in Santa Clara County every month in the vear. BLACKBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES are grown in large quantities, but being extra- perishable, they are sold principally at home and at San Francisco. It would require a large hook for the enumeration of all the variety of fruit grown in Santa Clara County and for that reason we have given only a few of the standard varieties. No tree or vine has vet been planted in this fertile soil that has not grown vigorously and fruited abundantly. And there are very few, if any, fruits known to civilized man that have not been tried with gratifving results. GRAPES, RAISINS AND WINE. N planting the old Mission orchards the Catholic Fathers did not neglect the grape. The vines cultivated by them are known as the “Mission and, though sweet, palatable and heavy bearers, this grape is too heavy for a popular wine. But it accomplishod a most important work. It cerved to demonstrate the fact that the vine would grow and bear fruit in California far bevond any A GROUP OF SAN JOSE HOMES. result that could be obtained in any other section of the world. The German residents of Santa Clara County, as well as the French, the Spanish and the Italian, imported cuttings of the different varieties that were favorites in their respective districts in the old country. They were planted and the result was a growth and production far in excess of that in the countries from which they had been imported. As the industry grew, all the vine growing districts of Europe were searched for approved varieties and the markets of the world were studied with a view of getting that which was the best and most profitable. All of our more recent vineyards have been planted with the knowledge gained from the centuries of experience in wine growing in the old countries. The County is naturally divided into districts, each specially adapted to the production of certain types of wine. The vignerons have taken advantage of these peculiarities and have made their plantings accordingly. The result has been that Santa Clara County now produces almost exact counterparts of the cellars of Burgundy, Bordeaux and the Rhine provinces. Lately Mr. Paul Masson has introduced a new industry in the way of the manutacture of champagne, which has been pronounced by experts to be fully up to the standard of foreign productions. Some fine raisins are produced in this County, but the climate is not sufficiently warm for the best results in this direction. The growing of table grapes for shipment to the eastern market is an industry of special profit, and one to which the vinegrowers of thefoothills and mountains are particularly devoted. The vines yield so enormously and hold their crop so late, that no other country can compete with them in this department of viticulture. The profits of wine growing are more variable than those of fruit growing, owing to the opportunities in the hands of dealers and brokers for manipulating the market. But the industry is much more profitable than growing wheat or corn in the western states, although the land here is worth from $100 to $300 per acre. PRICE OF FRUIT LANDS AND WHAT THEY WILL PRODUCE. $' is difficult for strangers to understand the value of the fruit lands of Santa Clara County. Comparing the prices with those of the farming lands elsewhere, they think they are much to high. But investigation shows that, taking their producing qualities into consideration, they are much = tm v. © m Z 0 m e A > = = Z m z rf IMM “A "4 40 IONIAISTY ‘LH cheaper than the agricultural lands of the great west. For instance, take a western farm of 160 acres at $50 per acre, which would come to $8,000. Say that the farm vields an income of $3 per acre net, which is far in excess of the average yield. This would give him 10 per cent on the value of the land. Now take a ten acre orchard in Santa Clara County at a cost of $1,000 per acre, or an aggregate cost of $10,000. From this the income would be $200 per acre, or $2,000. This would be 20 per cent on the purchase price. Thus it will be seen that the same amount of money invested in fruit lands in Santa Clara County will return twice as much as in farming lands elsewhere. It will not buy so many acres, but it wiil yield double the income. In buying the vacant land and planting the orchard, the profit would be still larger. It has been demonstrated that the value of fruit lands in Santa Clara County will increase at the rate of $75 per acre each vear, after they have been planted, for ten years. In addition to the money return it is worth a good deal to live in a climate where there are no extremes of cold or neat, where cattle can remain in the pasture all the year round, and where it 1s not necessary to work six months in the vear to prevent starving and freezing during the other six months. But the lands in Santa Clara County are not all high priced, the range being from $50 to $400 per acre. Within these limits any person who desires to locate can find a place that will satisfy his financial ability. New tracts are being constantly subdivided and easy terms as to payments can be obtained. To plant and care for an orchard for the first year will cost about $30 per acre. The principal expense will be for trees and labor of planting. The second year the expense will be about $8 and about the same for the third year. In the fourth year the cost of pruning will have been increased and will continue to increase up to the seventh vear when the orchard will be in full bearing. Then, the annual cost of care, exclusive of handling the crop will not exceed $10 per acre. Some fruit will be obtained at the third vear and thé amount will increase up to the time the tree gets its growth. It will have full bearing capacity at 7 vears but the amount of fruit will increase with the size of the tree. It has been usual to plant trees 20 feet apart, which would give 108 to the acre. There are numerous nurseries at which trees can be obtained at prices varying from 5c to 13¢ each, with a liberal discount on large (quantities. - CENTRAL AVENUE CAMPBELL AVENUE Ee lttl EERE RENEE CAMPBELL, SANTA CLARA CO., CAL. A TOWN EMBOWERED IN ORCHARDS J. C. AINSLEY CANNERY Lo STACKS HEY. SCENE IN THE COUNTRY DISTRICTS. END OF TITLE "END OF REEL. PLEASE REWIND.