UMIVEBSITY OF OALIFOBMIA PUBLICATIONS 
 
 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE 
 
 AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT 
 STOCKS 
 
 BY 
 
 FREDERIC T. BIOLETTI, F. C. H. FLOSSFEDER 
 
 AND 
 
 A. E. WAY 
 
 BULLETIN 331 
 
 October, 1921 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS 
 
 BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA 
 
 1921 
 
David P. Barrows, President of the University. 
 
 EXPERIMENT STATION STAFF 
 
 HEADS OF DIVISIONS 
 
 Thomas Forsyth Hunt, Dean. 
 
 Edward J. Wickson, Horticulture (Emeritus). 
 
 , Director of Resident Instruction. 
 
 Clarence M. Haring, Veterinary Science, Director Agricultural Experiment 
 Station. 
 
 B. H. Crocheron, Director of Agricultural Extension. 
 
 James T. Barrett, Acting Director of Citrus Experiment Station, Plant 
 
 Pathology. 
 H. E. Van Norman, Dairy Management. 
 William A. Setchell, Botany. 
 Myer E. Jaffa, Nutrition. 
 Ralph E. Smith, Plant Pathology. 
 John W. Gilmore, Agronomy. 
 Charles F. Shaw, Soil Technology. 
 John W. Gregg, Landscape Gardening and Floriculture. 
 Frederic T. Bioletti, Viticulture and Fruit Products. 
 Warren T. Clarke, Agricultural Extension. 
 Ernest B. Babcock, Genetics. 
 Gordon H. True, Animal Husbandry. 
 Walter Mulford, Forestry. 
 Fritz W. Woll, Animal Nutrition. 
 W. P. Kelley, Agricultural Chemistry. 
 H. J. Quayle, Entomology. 
 Elwood Mead, Rural Institutions. 
 H. S. Reed, Plant Physiology. 
 L. D. Batchelor, Orchard Management. 
 J. C. Whitten, Pomology. 
 "Frank Adams, Irrigation Investigations. 
 
 C. L. Roadhouse, Dairy Industry. 
 R. L. Adams, Farm Management. 
 
 W. B. Herms, Entomology and Parasitology. 
 
 F. L. Griffin, Agricultural Education. 
 John E. Dougherty, Poultry Husbandry. 
 
 D. R. Hoagland, Plant Nutrition. 
 
 G. H. Hart, Veterinary Science, 
 
 L. J. Fletcher, Agricultural Engineering. 
 Edwin C. Voorhies, Assistant to the Dean. 
 
 division of viticulture and fruit products 
 
 F. T. Bioi etti A. J. Winkler 
 
 W. V. Cruess J. H. Irish 
 
 A. W. Christie H. E. Jacob 
 
 L. O. Bonnet G. Barovetto 
 
 * In cooperation with office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, U. S. Department of 
 Agriculture. 
 
PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 BY 
 
 FREDERIC T. BIOLETTI, F. C. H. FLOSSFEDER, and A. E. WAY 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 A. GENERAL ACCOUNT 
 
 I. History of the Use of Phylloxera-Resistant Stock: page 
 
 (a) General 82 
 
 (b) California 83 
 
 II. Outline of Experiment Work: 
 
 (a) Stocks used 84 
 
 (b) Scope of the investigation 90 
 
 (c) Equipment 90 
 
 B. EXPERIMENT DATA 
 
 I. Suitability for Nursery Purposes: 
 
 (a) Cost of cuttings 91 
 
 (b) Ease of grafting 93 
 
 (c) Percentage and perfection of unions 93 
 
 (d) Development in the nursery 96 
 
 II. Suitability for Vineyard Purposes : 
 
 (a) Character of the unions 98 
 
 (b) Vigor of the bearing vines 109 
 
 (c) Durability of the vines 110 
 
 (d) Quantity of crop 114 
 
 (e) Quality of crop 115 
 
 C. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 
 
 (a) Best stocks for each scion variety 121 
 
 (b) Best stocks for general use 129 
 
 TABLES 
 
 I. Yield of cuttings of various stocks 92 
 
 II. Percentage of Number 1 rooted grafts 95 
 
 III. Combinations giving highest percentages of Number 1 rooted grafts 96 
 
 IV. Vigor of various combinations 97 
 
 V. Average stock : scion ratio for each stock and scion 109 
 
 VI. Relative vigor of grafts on various stocks 110 
 
 VII. Stand of grafted Sultanina Ill 
 
 VIII. Stand of various grafted vines 112 
 
 IX. Durability of grafted vines — Summaries 113 
 
 X. Durability of grafted vines — all combinations. Davis 131 
 
 XL Durability of grafted vines — all combinations. Kearney 135 
 
 XII. Crops of various varieties on various stocks. Davis 136 
 
 XIII. Crops of raisin varieties on various stocks. Kearney 139 
 
 XIV. Average Balling degree with each stock 117 
 
 XV. Average Balling degree with each scion 117 
 
 XVI. Relative bearing and sugar content — all combinations ., 119 
 
 XVII. Relative bearing and sugar content — identical combinations 119 
 
 XVIII to XXXV. Record of various stocks for each scion variety 122 
 
 XXXVI. Stock recommended for each scion variety 129 
 
82 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 CONTENTS— (Continued) 
 
 figures PAGE 
 
 1. Defective vineyard graft of Tokay on Rupestris St. George, 5 years old 99 
 
 2. Defective bench grafts • 100 
 
 3. Good bench grafts 101 
 
 4. Unions with various stocks — Dattier, 6 years old 102 
 
 5. Sections of unions shown in Figure 4 102 
 
 6. Unions with various stocks — Muscat, 6 years old 104 
 
 7. Sections of unions shown in Figure 6 104 
 
 8. Unions with various stocks — Muscat, 7 years old 105 
 
 9. Unions with various stocks — Sultanina, 7 years old 107 
 
 10. Unions with various stocks — Cornichon, 7 years old 108 
 
 11 Chart showing the comparative behavior of the seven principal stocks in 
 
 regard to results in the nursery and in crop and durability in the vineyard 130 
 
 A. GENERAL ACCOUNT 
 
 The Phylloxera is a minute insect, allied to the scales and aphids, 
 which lives on all species of vines except V. rotundifolia and V. munso- 
 niana of the southern states. It attacks both the leaves and roots of 
 other American vines, but usually without doing serious injury. It 
 attacks all vinifera varieties, usually only the roots, and finally de- 
 stroys them. The only method of combating this pest that is of general 
 application is the use of resistant vines. All resistant vines are varie- 
 ties of American species, or hybrids of these species with vinifera 
 varieties. Although the insect attacks the roots of these vines, the 
 injury done is usually slight and not sufficient to interfere with their 
 profitable cultivation. 
 
 I. History of the Use of Phylloxera-Resistant Stock. 
 
 (a) General : The Phylloxera is a native of the United States and 
 was introduced into Europe with rooted American vines. When vines 
 were first found to be dying under the attacks of this pest it was noted 
 that American varieties remained apparently uninjured. This led to 
 the planting of American vines to replace the vinifera varieties that 
 had died. The results were disappointing. The best of the American 
 vines weakened or died and those which survived yielded poor crops 
 of inferior fruit. 
 
 The next step was to graft the old French vinifera varieties on to 
 the American vines which had maintained vigorous growth in spite of 
 the presence of.the insect. The results were varied. In some instances 
 the vines died after bearing a few crops, showing that the resistance 
 was insufficient to maintain a vine producing heavy crops. In other 
 
BULLETIN 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 83 
 
 instances the vines lived, but were small and weak. In still other 
 instances the results were satisfactory. 
 
 After fifty years of experimentation and experience, the causes of 
 these variations are fairly well understood. It is now known that the 
 American vines vary in their degree of resistance to Phylloxera, their 
 adaptation to different kinds of soil, moisture, and weather conditions, 
 the perfection and durability of the unions they make with vinifera 
 scions, and in the vigor and fruitfulness of the vines they support. 
 
 Of the thousands of varieties which have been tested, only a few 
 have been retained in general use. L. Ravaz, in "Les Vignes ameri- 
 caines," published in 1902, describes over six hundred varieties, but 
 P. Gervais in his report to the International Congress of Viticulture 
 in 1900 mentions only twenty-six as being largely planted. Since that 
 time the number of varieties used widely or that can be strongly recom- 
 mended has decreased. 
 
 (6) California: "We commenced planting resistant vines in Cali- 
 fornia nearly twenty years after the French and were spared much 
 of the uncertainty of the first stages of experimentation. Owing to 
 the great differences in soil and climate, however, we can accept the 
 French conclusions only in a general way and as a guide for our own 
 tests. 
 
 At first we made many of the mistakes of the French. We planted 
 inferior and unselected stocks. We placed them indifferently in any 
 soil and in any climate. We grafted them with any variety. And, 
 finally, our methods of handling were usually defective. During the 
 last fifteen years our varieties and methods have been fairly satisfac- 
 tory, but there are still many instances of partial or total failure and 
 it is probable that in but few instances are the best possible results 
 being obtained. 
 
 II. Outline of Experiment Work. 
 
 Between 1876 and 1898 the California Agricultural Experiment 
 Station published about 21 bulletins and leaflets on Phylloxera and 
 resistant vines. Most of these were short and fragmentary. Since 
 1898 the station has given considerable attention to these subjects and 
 has issued a number of publications. The principal are : 
 
 Bulletin 127 — Bench-grafting Resistant "Vines. 1900. 
 
 Bulletin 131— The Phylloxera of the Vines. 1901. 
 
 Bulletin 146— New Methods of Grafting and Budding Vines. 1902. 
 
 Bulletin 148— Resistant Vines and Their Hybrids. 1903. 
 
 Bulletin 180 — Resistant Vineyards. 1906. 
 
 Bulletin 192 — (In part) Insects Injurious to the Vine in California. 1907. 
 
 Bulletin 197 — (In part) Phylloxera and Resistant Vines. 1908. 
 
 Circular 76 — Hot-room Callusing. 1912. 
 
84 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 These publications, which are all out of print, gave the results of 
 experiment and observation in California and such of the results of 
 European experience as seemed applicable to Californian conditions. 
 
 When the University acquired the Davis and Kearney farms it 
 became possible to undertake more extended work of investigation. It 
 seemed unnecessary and impracticable to repeat or extend most of the 
 vast amount of experimentation that had enlightened the grape growers 
 of Europe. It was decided to confine the work to the lines of investi- 
 gation that seemed of most importance to Californian viticulture and 
 to make as much use as possible of the previous work of European 
 investigators by commencing where they had left off. 
 
 In the choice of varieties of stocks, the principal guide was the 
 work of Prosper Gervais, both because of his acknowledged competence 
 in the matter and because most of his work was done in southern 
 Prance, where the conditions are in many ways similar to those of 
 California. 
 
 (a) Stocks used: The stocks chosen for use in the experiment 
 work were partly pure American species (American stocks), partly 
 hybrids between two or more American species (Americo-american 
 stocks), and partly hybrids between American species and vinifera 
 varieties (Vinifera-american stocks). 
 
 Of the American stocks, only varieties of Rupestris and Riparia 
 were chosen. 
 
 Varieties of Rupestris — the rock vine — are in a general way suited 
 to deep soils and hot climates. They are vigorous, stout plants with 
 fleshy, deeply plunging roots. Three varieties were used: R. St. 
 George, R. Martin, and R. Pisgah. 
 
 Varieties of Riparia — the river-bank grape — are, in a general way, 
 suited to cooler climates and rich alluvial soils, with a high water level. 
 The best of them are vigorous, but more slender than the Rupestris, 
 and they have a spreading horizontal root system. According to 
 European experiences, they tend to increase bearing, to hasten ripen- 
 ing, and to improve the color, size, and sweetness of the fruit. They 
 are more susceptible to injury from neglect and ill-treatment than the 
 Rupestris, and have a tendency to be weakened or killed by over- 
 bearing. Only one variety was used, the Riparia Gloire de Mont pettier, 
 which is considered the best- 
 Varieties of Berlandieri have most of the good qualities of both 
 Rupestris and Riparia, but are not generally available owing to the 
 great difficulty of rooting the cuttings. In certain hybrids of the 
 Berlandieri this difficulty does not exist and the good qualities are re- 
 tained. The chief value of pure Berlandieri varieties is in their toler- 
 
Bulletin 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 85 
 
 ance of excessive amounts of lime in the soil. As such soils are rare 
 in California, no pure Berlandieri were used. 
 
 The principal Americo-american stocks used were hybrids of the 
 three species mentioned above. 
 
 Some of the Riparia x Rupestris hybrids unite very successfully 
 the good qualities of both parents. The varieties chosen were Rip. x 
 Rup. 101-14, 3306, and 3309. The Rip. x Rup. 101-14 has more of the 
 characteristics of the Riparia; the Rip. x Rup. 3309 more those of 
 the Rupestris; and Rip. x. Rup. 3306 is more nearly intermediate. 
 These varieties adapt themselves to a wider range of soil conditions 
 than the pure species and, under most conditions, succeed as well. 
 
 Some of the Riparia x Berlandieri hybrids are particularly prom- 
 ising, doing as well as the Rip. x Rup. hybrids in a wide range of soils 
 and doing perhaps better in dry or otherwise defective situations. 
 Their only defect seems to be a somewhat slower development during 
 the first two or three years. The varieties chosen were 157-11 and 
 420-A. The Rip. x Berl. 420-A seems on the whole to be the better and 
 was most largely used. 
 
 Other Americo-american stocks used were the triple hybrids 
 Riparia-Rup est ris-Cordi folia 106-8, recommended for heavy, stiff soils, 
 and the Riparia-Rup est ris-Candicans 1616, recommended for saline 
 soils. The Dogridge, a variety introduced by T. V. Munson, was used 
 on account of its remarkable vigor. It is classed by Munson as a 
 variety of Vitis Champini, but according to Ravaz the Champini 
 varieties are hybrids of Rupestris and Candicans. 
 
 The Y inif era-ameriea<n hybrids show a great diversity of character. 
 Some of them bear good crops of fair fruit. These are usually insuffi- 
 ciently resistant. Others, generally sterile or producing fruit of little 
 value when ungrafted, are excellent grafting stocks. They are usually 
 vigorous, enlarging as quickly as the scion, well adapted to a large 
 variety of soils, and rooting and grafting easily. Although a little 
 less resistant than varieties of exclusively American origin, all that 
 are used largely are sufficiently resistant where the soil and other 
 conditions are favorable. The varieties of this class chosen were: 
 Aramon x Rupestris No. 1, No. 2, and No. 9, Mourvedre x Rupestris 
 No. 1202, Chasselas x Berlandieri 41-B, Cabernet x Berlandieri 333 
 E. M., Bourrisquou x Rupestris 93-5, Tokay x Rupestris, and Lenoir 
 (=Estivalis-Cinerea-Vinifera). The numbered hybrids are usually 
 referred to simply by their numbers or some other contraction of their 
 full names. 
 
 Some of these stocks are the result of the selection of vines acci- 
 dentally found in the vineyard — Rupestris St. George, Riparia gloire — 
 
86 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 others are the result of definite crosses made by Couderc, Millardet 
 and de Grasset, Ganzin, Swett, and the Viticultural School of Mont- 
 pellier (E. M.). 
 
 List of Stocks Used 
 American : 
 
 1. Eupestris St. George. 
 
 2. Eupestris Martin (Couderc). 
 
 3. Eupestris Pisgah (Bethune). 
 
 4. Eiparia gloire de Montpellier. 
 
 Americo-american\: 
 
 5. Eiparia x Eupestris, 101-14 (Millardet and de Grasset). 
 
 6. Eiparia x Eupestris, 3309 (Couderc). 
 
 7. Eiparia x Eupestris, 3306 (Couderc). 
 
 8. Eiparia x Berlandieri, 420-A (Millardet and de Grasset). 
 
 9. Eiparia x Berlandieri, 157-11 (Couderc). 
 
 10. Eiparia x Eupestris x Cordifolia, 106-8 (Millardet and de Grasset). 
 
 11. Eiparia x Eupestris x Candicans, 1616 (Couderc). 
 
 12. Eupestris x Candicans, Dogridge (Munson). 
 
 Franco-american : 
 
 13. Aramon x Eupestris No. 1 (Ganzin). 
 
 14. Aramon x Eupestris No. 2 (Ganzin). 
 
 15. Aramon x Eupestris No. 9 (Ganzin). 
 
 16. Mourvedre x Eupestris, 1202 (Couderc). 
 
 17. Chasselas x Berlandieri, 41-B (Millardet and de Grasset). 
 
 18. Cabernet x Berlandieri, 333 E. M. 
 
 19. Bourrisquou x Eupestris, 93-5. 
 
 20. Tokay x Eupestris, Swett. 
 
 21. Lenoir = Estivalis-Cinerea-Vinif era. 
 
 The following notes on these various stocks are based principally 
 on "Les Vignes americaines, " by L. Eavaz. Algerian experience is 
 noted with some owing to the similarity of climate between that coun- 
 try and California. 1 In the light of our investigations, some of the 
 opinions given in this list require modifications to suit Californian 
 conditions. 
 
 1. Rupestris St. George (Syn., R. du Lot) : This stock is used in 
 California more than all others together. It is also used largely in 
 France and other countries, usually under the name of Rupestris die 
 Lot. It succeeds in all good soils, provided they are deep, well drained, 
 and sufficiently supplied with water. In shallow soils, underlaid by 
 impervious hardpan, rock, or clay, it usually fails. It is well thought 
 of in Algeria, though it suffers in dry seasons. 
 
 i Vivet, E., "Compte rendu du Congres Viticole de Montpellier," 1911. 
 
Bulletin 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 87 
 
 It is very vigorous, makes good unions with most stocks, and often 
 grows as large as the scion. Its great vigor tends to make its grafts 
 bear lightly unless long pruned. It roots and grafts readily. It pro- 
 duces suckers profusely, which are very troublesome unless the cut- 
 tings are thoroughly disbudded before grafting and the vines carefully 
 suckered during the first three or four years in the vineyard. 
 
 2. Rupestris Martin: This stock has most of the qualities of the 
 R. St. George, but it is more difficult to graft. It is less sensitive to 
 dryness and its grafts have less tendency to drop their fruit. 
 
 3. Rupestris Pisgah: When resistant vines were first used in Cali- 
 fornia seedlings and cuttings from vines growing wild in the Missis- 
 sippi Valley were often used. These varied very much in character 
 and vigor, most of them being valueless. Among them occurred some 
 especially vigorous varieties. R. Pisgah was of this class, and was 
 selected by Mr. Bethune at the Mt. Pisgah Vineyard in Sonoma County. 
 Its characters and capabilities have not yet been well tested, but it 
 seems to be an excellent form of Rupestris. 
 
 4. Riparia glair e de Montpellier: Among the first successful re- 
 sistant stocks were seedling riparias. They varied much in vigor and 
 in general were of smaller size than the vinifera scions. 
 
 The selected variety known as the Gloire de Montpellier has all the 
 good qualities of the other riparias and is superior to most of them in 
 size and vigor. It roots easily and takes the graft well. ' This stock in 
 Algeria has been short-lived except on rich, deep, moist, sedimentary 
 soils. In other situations it has suffered during hot periods. 
 
 5. Riparia x Rupestris 101-14: Resembles a riparia and is best 
 suited to rich mellow soils well supplied with water. It is distinguished 
 from the following two by bearing fruit. The others are staminate 
 vines and therefore bear no fruit. This stock has done well in Algeria 
 in various soils, 
 
 6. Riparia x Rupestris 3309: Is the most used of the three and 
 succeeds in soils which are too dry for the others. In Algeria it has 
 not done well in very sandy or heavy clay soils. 
 
 7. Riparia x Rupestris 3306: Is said to do well in moist clay soils. 
 It is easily distinguished from 3309 by the soft short hairiness or pubes- 
 cence of its canes. It has given good results in Algeria in moist sedi- 
 mentary soils. 
 
 Riparia x Berlandieri: These hybrids are the result of attempts 
 in France to obtain a stock having the resistance to lime of the Ber- 
 landieri and the ease of rooting of the Riparia. The result is very 
 successful. 
 
00 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 Among these are stocks not only of high resistance to Phylloxera 
 and to an excess of lime, but with all the other qualities .we look for in 
 a stock. They rpot and graft easily, improve the bearing and ripening 
 of most varieties grafted on them, and succeed well in most soils, even 
 in those which are too dry for the majority of stocks. 
 
 8. Riparia x Berlandieri 420- A: Is extremely vigorous, producing 
 an abundance of good wood for grafting. The wood ripens well and 
 the cuttings root and graft easily. It is easily distinguished from the 
 following stock by the reddish or violet colored nodes of the canes and 
 by the fact that it is staminate. This variety and 41-B have given 
 very good results in Algeria. Their grafts are vigorous, fruitful, and 
 resistant to drought. 
 
 9. Riparia x Berlandieri 157-11: Resembles the preceding in its 
 vigor, adaptation to diverse soils, and ease of grafting. It often fails 
 to ripen its wood thoroughly and consequently does not root so well in 
 the nursery. This is due to its tendency to grow late in the season. 
 Mother vines of this variety should be grown in hot dry situations. 
 
 10. Riparia-Rupestris-Cordifolia 106-8: Is a vigorous variety with 
 somewhat slender canes which root easily. It is particularly suited to 
 gravelly soils and to clay soils which become hard after the rains. 
 
 11. Riparia x Rupestris x Candicans 1616: Is a hybrid between 
 Riparia and Solonis and has most resemblance to Riparia, being 
 suited to about the same conditions. It is said to be very resistant to 
 salt and might be suited to alkaline soils. 
 
 12. Rupestris x Candicans: A group of vines growing wild in 
 parts of the southwestern states was named V. Champini by Planch on. 
 French botanists consider these vines to be natural hybrids of Rupestris 
 and Candicans. They are extremely vigorous plants, resistant to 
 Phylloxera, and grow well in compact and dry soils. Most of them 
 root with some difficulty. A variety from T. V. Munson, Bogridge, 
 which seems one of the best, was tested. 
 
 13. Aramon x Rupestris No. 1 : This is a cross between the vinifera 
 variety Aramon and the Rupestris Ganzin. It is very vigorous and 
 produces in abundance grafting cuttings of good size which root well. 
 Its main defect is that many grafts fail to unite in the nursery. Those 
 which grow, however, develop and bear well. Like most hybrids with 
 vinifera, it is attractive to the Phylloxera, which may weaken it in 
 poor or dry soil. 
 
 14. 15. Aramon x Rupestris No. 2 and A. x. R. No. 9 : These are of 
 the same parentage as No. 1 and have very similar characteristics. 
 They are not so much used in France, as they are more sensitive to 
 
BULLETIN 1 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 89 
 
 excess of lime in the soil. Otherwise, they are said by P. Gervais to 
 be as good or better. 
 
 16. Mourvedre x Rupestris 1202: This hybrid resembles a vinifera 
 more than a Kupestris in its appearance, vigor, thick fleshy roots, and 
 the ease with which it is rooted and grafted. Ungrafted, it bears large 
 numbers of black grapes of fair size in small bunches. The Phylloxera 
 attacks it, but does little damage in deep, moist soil. It grows as large 
 as the scion, and its grafts are fruitful. It has given good results in 
 moist soils in Algeria. 
 
 17. Chasselas x Berlandieri 41-B : This hybrid, like all crosses of 
 Berlandieri, develops slowly at first after grafting, but finally pro- 
 duces vigorous, fertile vines. It will succeed in a wide variety of soils. 
 It grafts easily, but roots with more difficulty than Riparia. 
 
 18. Cabernet x Berlandieri 333: This hybrid lacks almost com- 
 pletely the defects of the Berlandieri ; that is, it roots easily and de- 
 velops quickly. There seems to be some doubt as to its degree of re- 
 sistance to Phylloxera, but it can be safely planted in good deep soil 
 and it withstands drought well. 
 
 19. Bourrisquou x Rupestris 93-5: This vinifera hybrid is very 
 vigorous, and easy to propagate and graft. It is resistant to drought 
 and chlorosis and is suited to adobe soils. Like 1202, it is attacked by 
 phylloxera, but is sufficiently vigorous to remain healthy in good soils. 
 It bears small berries in bunches of medium size. 
 
 20. Tokay x Rupestris No. 1: Mr. Frank T. Swett of Martinez, 
 California, struck with the great vigor of the Flame Tokay, which 
 enables it to remain productive for many years after it has become 
 infested with Phylloxera, conceived the idea of crossing it with the 
 Rupestris St. George. He obtained a number of crosses of remarkable 
 vigor, of which this is the most promising. It produces an abundance 
 of grafting wood, roots easily, and takes the graft well. About its 
 resistance to Phylloxera nothing is known, but it is probably sufficient 
 in good soil. 
 
 21. Lenoir: This variety is considered by T. V. Munson to belong 
 to the species V. Bourquiniana, which he has established for this plant 
 and for the Herbemont. According to L. Ravaz, it is a hybrid of 
 Estivalis-Cinerea and Vinifera. It is a little difficult to root, but takes 
 the graft well and makes excellent unions. It was planted extensively 
 in France at one time, both as a stock and as a direct producer, as it 
 bears good crops of grapes of fair quality for wine-making. It has 
 been abandoned almost everywhere, however, owing to its low resist- 
 ance to Phylloxera, which is sufficient only in rich deep moist soils. 
 
90 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 (&) Scope of the investigation: A grafting stock for vines must 
 possess a number of qualities which concern its relation to Phylloxera, 
 to the varieties with which it is to be grafted, and to the soil and climate 
 in which the vineyard is situated. All these categories are variable, 
 and no stock can be found which is best in all cases. A stock which 
 is excellent in one set of conditions may be a failure in another. A 
 defect which may be fatal in one case may not be of importance or 
 may even be an advantage in another. 
 
 Our judgment of which is the best will depend to some extent on 
 our point of view. The nurseryman is apt to consider that the best 
 stock which will enable him most easily and most cheaply to supply 
 his customer with large rooted grafts. To one grower, the fertility of 
 the vines or the quickness with which they come into bearing may be 
 of most importance. To another, the quality of the fruit or its earli- 
 ness of ripening may be factors. 
 
 The investigations were planned to give data that would be useful 
 from all points of view, and especially regarding those points which 
 appeared of most local interest and importance. 
 
 (c) Equipment: The material of the experiments consisted of the 
 twenty-one stocks already enumerated and as many as possible of the 
 most important wine, table, and raisin grapes of California. 
 
 A collection of the chosen varieties of stocks was made and planted 
 for the purpose of testing the methods of growing mother vines and 
 of producing resistant cuttings for bench grafts. 
 
 A grafting house and cutting shed were built for the convenient 
 handling, storing, and disinfection of cuttings and for experiments in 
 grafting and callusing. 
 
 A nursery was prepared for the rooting of cuttings and grafts to 
 be grown for the various field tests. 
 
 These field tests consisted of the growing of small plots of the 
 various combinations of our principal grapes with the various stocks. 
 All the vines of each variety of scion were at first treated alike as 
 regards pruning and other operations in order that any differences 
 found could be ascribed to the nature of the stock. As the vines de- 
 veloped it became necessary to modify the pruning according to the 
 vigor of the vines, which differed with different stocks. 
 
 The various plots at Davis devoted to this work cover in all a little 
 more than 10 acres; those at Kearney, about 3 acres. They make it 
 possible to test the cost of producing bench grafts and the value of 
 the various stocks from the nurseryman's point of view, viz., their 
 relative merits as regards rooting, grafting, and development in the 
 nursery. The value to the grape grower can also be tested, viz., the 
 
Bulletin 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 91 
 
 quantity and quality of their crops, and the permanence and perfection 
 of their unions, and therefore their longevity, and any difference which 
 exists in these respects with different combinations of stock and scion. 
 Two important problems are not provided for, namely, the relative 
 resistance of the various stocks to Phylloxera, and their adaptation to 
 various soils. The first of these problems, however, may be considered 
 in most cases as settled by the work and experience of European in- 
 vestigators. The resistance of all the varieties used may be considered 
 as established and sufficient, except in the case of Lenoir and Tokay x 
 Rupestris, and perhaps under unfavorable conditions for the other 
 vinifera hybrids. The question of adaptation to various soils and 
 climates can not of course be determined in a single location. Light 
 on this question is to be obtained by observations in many localities. 
 Most of the stocks used, moreover, have been proved to be well adapted 
 to a wide range of soil conditions. Certain important climatic condi- 
 tions, such as a hot and completely dry summer, are common to all the 
 principal grape-growing regions in California. 
 
 B. EXPERIMENT DATA 
 
 I. Suitability for Nursery Purposes. 
 
 (a) Cost of cuttings : Resistant cuttings must be grown on mother 
 vines planted for the purpose. Many of the best varieties for the 
 purpose, such as R. St. George, A. x R. No. 1, A. x R. No. 2,3306, 3309, 
 and 420-A, are staminate and produce no fruit ; others, such as 101-14 
 and 41-B, produce small worthless fruit. A few, such as 1202 and 
 Lenoir, produce fair crops of small grapes which may have some value 
 for the making of a dark red grape juice or syrup. 
 
 The amount of wood suitable for grafting that a variety will pro- 
 duce is therefore the main factor in the cost of the stock. 
 
 The total amount of wood produced by a vine depends partly on 
 the variety, but principally upon the soil, climate, and cultural care. 
 The proportion of this wood which can be used for grafting depends 
 largely on the nature of the growth. Some varieties, like the St. 
 George, tend to produce a large amount of small laterals which are of 
 little use. Others, like the Rip. Gloire, produce many canes with ex- 
 cessively long joints, which are unsuitable. Good cuttings for grafting 
 should be from one-third to half an inch in diameter, moderately short 
 jointed, and thoroughly mature. The best are grown in fairly rich 
 soil in the warmer regions, in situations safe from early autumn frosts. 
 
 The following table gives the crop of cuttings suitable for grafting 
 produced by the original mother vines at Davis. 
 
92 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE I 
 
 Yield of Cuttings of Various Stocks 
 
 Number of No. 1 cuttings Weight per cutting 
 
 per vine in pounds 
 
 1915 1916 1917 Mean 1915 1916 1917 Mean 
 
 St. George 56 48 74 59 .0574 .0645 .0664 .0628 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 52 44 51 49 .0621 .0622 .0609 .0617 
 
 A. x R. No. 9 38 26 36 33 .0625 .0624 .0587 .0612 
 
 A. x R. No. 2 33 34 33 33 .0612 .0556 .0633 .0600 
 
 3306 (4) 7 16 10 11 .0437 .0353 .0431 .0407 
 
 3309 (4) 8 17 14 13 .0385 .0417 .0358 .0383 
 
 45 1722 
 
 34 1125 
 
 193 0638 
 
 14 0572 
 
 150 .... 0533 
 
 48 0512 
 
 53 0495 
 
 Tok. x Rup. (3) 
 
 R. Pisgah (3) 
 
 Champini (1) (3) 
 
 1616 (3) 
 
 Sol. x Othello (1) (2) 
 
 1202 (3) 
 
 420-A (3) 
 
 R. Martin (3) .... 
 
 .0476 
 
 (1) Vines growing in rich soil in creek bottom. 
 
 (2) Vines irrigated during summer with water from drain. 
 
 (3) Vines young. 
 
 (4) Vines near cottonwood trees and shaded. 
 
 The location where these vines were grown was not suitable for the 
 best results. It was very uneven in soil and contour and in parts 
 shaded by large trees. This accounts in great measure for the extreme 
 variations in yield of different varieties. It may account also to some 
 extent for some of the variations in growth of grafts in the nursery. 
 The cuttings of vines grown in rich bottom soil near the creek with 
 abundant moisture are apt to be overgrown and poorly ripened. Vines 
 growing where the neighboring trees limited the water supply are apt 
 to produce a small crop of cuttings. 
 
 The average product per vine is about 50 number 1 bench-graft 
 cuttings. The small number, yielded by 3306 and 3309 is due to the 
 unfavorable conditions in which the vines are growing. The extra- 
 ordinary number yielded by Champini and Sol. x Othello is due to rich 
 soil and abundant summer irrigation. 
 
 A yield of 50 cuttings per vine represents about 30,000 per acre. 
 If these were sold at $5 per thousand, they would yield a gross return 
 of $150 per acre. This would be fairly profitable if there were a 
 market for the cuttings. The cost of harvesting and preparing number 
 1 resistant cuttings should not exceed $2 per thousand and the cost of 
 cultivating mother vines would be less than that of bearing vines. 
 
 The last column in Table I gives the average weight of a 15-inch 
 cutting in pounds and indicates both the thickness and the specific 
 gravity. The St. George is the heaviest of the common varieties, 
 weighing 62.8 pounds per thousand. The Tokay x Rupestris and the 
 
Bulletin 331] phylloxera-resistant stocks 93 
 
 Rupestris Pisgah are remarkably heavy, weighing 172.2 pounds and 
 112.5 pounds per thousand, respectively. 
 
 Excessive size of the cuttings is not a necessary proof of superior 
 vigor as a grafting stock. This depends as much on the vigor of the 
 scion and the completeness of the union. 
 
 (b) Ease of grafting: The facility with which the mechanical 
 operations of grafting can be accomplished depends on the size and 
 straightness of the cuttings, the length of internodes, the size and 
 abundance of buds and laterals, the size of the pith, the firmness of 
 the wood, and the difficulty of disbudding. 
 
 These qualities vary with the variety and with the conditions of 
 climate, soil, pruning, training, and cultivation under which the mother 
 vines are grown. Some varieties, like the Riparias and 420-A, tend 
 to grow slender, which makes it difficult to obtain cuttings large enough 
 to fit the stouter vinifera varieties. Some, like St. George, tend to 
 grow angled or curved canes, which are more difficult to handle in the 
 callusing bed and the nursery. Some, like St. George and Lenoir, are 
 short jointed, which increases the cost of disbudding ; others, like the 
 Riparias, are very long jointed, and, as it is desirable to have at least 
 two full joints on the stock, this makes it difficult to have stocks which 
 are not too long. Some, like St. George, easily develop dormant buds 
 near the base of the main buds, which makes it necessary to cut deep 
 and remove the buds very carefully to prevent undue suckering of the 
 grafted vines in the nursery and the vineyard. This difficulty is in- 
 creased where laterals are abundant, as with St. George. Where the 
 pith is large and the wood soft, as with Riparias, it is difficult to make 
 a perfect fit. 
 
 All these tendencies can be modified and improved by growing 
 the vines in suitable climatic conditions and by using appropriate 
 cultural methods. 
 
 The wood is firmer and the pith smaller where the vines are grown 
 in the warmer regions and without too much water. The straightness 
 of the canes can be improved and the number of laterals diminished 
 by growing the mother vines on trellises which allow the canes to grow 
 or to be tied up more or, less vertically. The size of the canes can be 
 increased by adopting a, system of pruning which restricts the number 
 of canes produced by a vine and by doing as little summer pruning 
 as possible,, , 919W ^ilus^i edi 3T69^ Im^ves -sot bogjj u'>-,<j b&d \issiua 
 
 (c) ; Percentage and perfection of unions : The cost of bench grafts 
 (^.epe.n^ ^ripcipaUy on the per.ceint^e.of ^UQcessful unions, their value 
 <gjrffep ^ ) er|efiti'On,.0fi}t^ unions. In both of these respects there are 
 
94 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 wide differences with different stocks and with different combinations 
 of stock and scion. 
 
 Some varieties of stock are difficult to bench graft owing to their 
 slowness in forming roots. This makes it almost impossible to make 
 bench grafts with pure Berlandieri stocks. Such stocks can be grafted 
 successfully only after rooting either in the nursery or in the field. 
 Other stocks have this defect in a smaller degree, for example, Lenoir 
 and the Berlandieri hybrids 420- A and 41-B. Where other conditions 
 are favorable, however, these stocks can be used successfully for bench 
 grafts, though their cost will be somewhat higher than that of more 
 easily handled stocks. 
 
 The success of a bench graft depends not only on the variety of 
 stock but on that of the scion and on the degree of ease with which the 
 combination forms a union. In our tests, 420-A has yielded as high 
 as 60 per cent of number 1 grafts with one scion and failed completely 
 with another. Even 3309, which usually yields a high percentage, has 
 varied under the same conditions from 88 per cent to 23 per cent with 
 different scion varieties. 
 
 The condition of the cuttings is also of great importance. If the 
 cuttings either of stock or of scion are defective, the results will be 
 poor. Cuttings from vines weakened by disease or overbearing, or 
 immature from lack of heat or premature autumn frosts, will fail. 
 Cuttings which have been injured by keeping too wet are equally poor. 
 There is much less danger in keeping them too dry, if the drying is 
 not carried too far. 
 
 Finally, the work of the nurserymen is of importance. The methods 
 of grafting, callusing, rooting, and cultivation, and the skill with 
 which they are applied influence the number of successful unions. 
 The soil of the nursery and its condition are also important factors. 
 
 In the tests made in these experiments, the conditions other than 
 those of variety of stock and scion were made as uniform as possible. 
 
 Most of the cuttings, both of stock and scion, were grown at Davis, 
 and were therefore comparable. Nearly all of the work was done by 
 the same skilled grafter and the same nursery was used, except during 
 the last year (1917). Comparisons between the various combinations 
 during the same year are therefore fairly just. Comparisons between 
 different combinations in different years are less reliable, as the con- 
 dition of the cuttings varied according to the season, and after the 
 nursery had been used for several years the results were less perfect. 
 
 For these reasons the results for 1910 are the most useful in indi- 
 cating the value of the various stocks from the point of view of nursery 
 results. If, therefore, we take the results in 1910 for varieties tested 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 95 
 
 that year and make an allowance for unfavorable conditons in the 
 case of varieties tested only in 1916 and 1917, it may be said that the 
 results with all varieties were excellent with the exception of A. x R. 
 No. 2, 41-B, 420-A, and Champini, with which they were only fair. 
 Berl. Ress. No. 2 and 157-11 and 1616 were complete failures. (See 
 Table II.) 
 
 These remarks refer only to the average results with all scions. 
 The variations with different scions are of even more importance. A 
 stock whose average results are good may give very poor results with 
 a certain scion variety and vice versa. For this reason it is important 
 to know which stocks have given the best results with each scion variety. 
 This information is given in Table III. 
 
 TABLE II 
 
 Percentage of No. 1 Booted Grafts 
 
 1910 
 
 Scions Max. Min. Mean 
 15 88 23 56.6 
 
 Stocks 
 
 3309 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 5 78 15 49.0 
 
 St. George 19 80 42 62.3 
 
 3306 18 70 22 46.5 
 
 1202 16 78 23 53.6 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 2 65 45 55.0 
 
 1916* 
 
 1917 
 
 Scions Max. Min. Mean Scions Max. Min. Mean 
 
 3 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 55 
 54 
 78 
 44 
 24 
 61 
 
 12 
 4 
 5 
 
 23 
 
 2 
 
 
 26.7 
 29.3 
 29.5 
 30.5 
 11.8 
 33.1 
 
 6 
 11 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 80 
 80 
 72 
 80 
 90 
 45 
 
 5 
 
 21 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 49.1 
 53.9 
 33.1 
 
 48.6 
 39.6 
 23.3 
 
 All 
 years 
 Mean 
 44.1 
 44.1 
 41.6 
 41.4 
 37.3 
 37.1 
 
 420-A 18 60 25.6 
 
 Lenoir 14 82 40.6 
 
 41-B 17 65 5 32.0 
 
 10 80 40.4 33.0 
 9 90 22 52.9 46.8 
 5 70 20 39.9 36.0 
 
 Tok. x Eup 
 
 106-8 
 
 Eup. Pisgah .... 
 A. x E. No. 2 
 Champini 
 
 1616 
 
 Eup. Martin .. 
 Eip. Gloire .... 
 
 101-14 
 
 157-11 
 
 Berl. Ees. No. 2 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 5 
 3 
 3 
 
 80 40 58.3 
 
 95 23 54.5 
 
 69 30 48.0 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 
 7 57 19 39.2 
 
 1 44.4 
 
 4 45 21 32.0 
 
 6 57 
 11 20 
 
 32.3 
 10.8 
 
 10 90 20 53.3 
 1 .... 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 10 30 
 
 .... 35.7 
 
 27 31.3 
 
 17 22.0 
 
 9 17.2 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 46.3 
 40.1 
 31.7 
 27.2 
 14.0 
 
 
 58.3 
 54.5 
 48.0 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 
 * The low results in 1916 were due partly to the late autumn frosts of 1915, which pre- 
 vented the proper maturing of the wood, and partly to the fact that the nursery had been in 
 constant use for too many years. 
 
 Table II gives maximum, minimum, and mean percentages of 
 number 1 bench grafts obtained from each stock with all varieties of 
 scions for three years. 
 
 The first six stocks in the table were tested each year with a consid- 
 erable number of scions. The variations for each of these stocks with 
 different scions are large, but the mean percentages for each stock with 
 
96 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 all varieties (last column) do not vary greatly. This indicates that 
 they are all good stocks, from the nurseryman's point of view, but 
 that for the best results a careful choice of suitable combinations is 
 necessary. 
 
 The data for the remaining stocks are less complete, but they indi- 
 cate that with the exception of the pure Berlandieri, Ress. No. 2, the 
 Berlandieri hybrid 157-11, and probably Champini, good nursery re- 
 turns may be obtained from all of them with suitable scions. 
 
 The stocks which have given the best nursery results with each of 
 the scion varieties used are shown in Table III. 
 
 Palomino St. George 
 
 Semillon 3309 
 
 Ali. Bouschet St. George 
 
 Lagrain St. George 
 
 Gros Mansenc Eip. gloire 
 
 Petite Sirah 1202 
 
 St. Macaire Rip. gloire 
 
 Valdepefias _ 3309 
 
 Cornichon St. George 
 
 Emperor St. George 
 
 Malaga St. George 
 
 Tokay Eip. gloire 
 
 Black Corinth St. George 
 
 White Corinth 3306 
 
 Muscat 3309 
 
 Sultana A. x E. No. 
 
 Sultanina 3309 
 
 Means 
 
 TABLE III 
 
 
 
 
 5ST Percentages of 
 
 No. 1 Eooted Grafts 
 
 
 Per cent 
 
 
 Per cent 
 
 Per cent 
 
 72 
 
 1202 
 
 65 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 50 
 
 75 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 60 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 50 
 
 75 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 75 
 
 1202 
 
 63 
 
 70 
 
 1202 
 
 65 
 
 3306 
 
 62 
 
 95 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 56 
 
 St. George 
 
 50 
 
 78 
 
 3306 
 
 70 
 
 3309 
 
 68 
 
 77 
 
 1202 
 
 75 
 
 3306 
 
 70 
 
 88 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 82 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 75 
 
 45 
 
 A. x E. No. 
 
 9 45 
 
 E. Martin 
 
 40 
 
 65 
 
 3309 
 
 65 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 65 
 
 45 
 
 3306 
 
 40 
 
 1202 
 
 30 
 
 55 
 
 St. George 
 
 50 
 
 3306 
 
 42 
 
 65 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 61 
 
 41-B 
 
 48 
 
 53 
 
 St. George 
 
 50 
 
 Eip. gloire 
 
 41 
 
 70 
 
 101-14 
 
 70 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 
 
 65 
 
 1 78 
 
 1202 
 
 73 
 
 St. George 
 
 70 
 
 85 
 
 E. Martin 
 
 80 
 
 St. George 
 
 65 
 
 79.4 
 
 
 72.1 
 
 
 63.6 
 
 These tables indicate that the safest stocks for the nurseryman 
 without special knowledge of the various combinations are Rupestris 
 St. George, Riparia gloire, 1202, and 3309, with 3306 and Lenoir 
 following closely. For special combinations, however, excellent results 
 may be obtained with 101-14, A. x R. No. 1, A. x R. No. 9, and 41-B, 
 and even with stocks which do not appear in Table III; viz., 420-A 
 and A. x R. No. 2. Any of these varieties, therefore, may be available 
 in special cases and should be considered in connection with their 
 performance in the vineyard, as shown later. 
 
 (d) Development in the nursery: Tke proportion of number 1 
 unions obtained is of importance to the nurseryman, but the size and 
 vigor of the grafted vines is scarcely less so. The rating in this respect 
 of the various stocks is shown in Table IV. 
 
 It is interesting to compare these ratings of vigor in the nursery 
 with the ratings of the same stocks after growing and bearing for 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 97 
 
 several years in the vineyard, as shown in the last column. Riparia 
 gloire and St. George hold the last place, while 41-B retains the first 
 place in both cases. Lenoir and 420-A have decreased in relative vigor, 
 while A. x R. No. 1 and 1202 have increased. 
 
 It is worthy of note that R. St. George and R. Martin, which in 
 Europe are noted for the vigor of their grafts both in vineyard and 
 nursery, have almost the last place in this table ; while 41-B and 420-A, 
 which in Europe develop slowly at first, are here among the most 
 vigorous. 
 
 Whether an increase in vigor in the vineyard is a good indication 
 or not can be known only if the crop the vine has produced is also 
 known. Other things being equal, large crops are followed by a de- 
 crease of growth, and small crops by an increase. This point will be 
 considered later. 
 
 
 
 TABLE IV 
 
 
 
 
 Vigor of 
 
 Various Combinations 
 
 
 
 (From 
 
 Davis Nursery, 
 
 1917) 
 
 Relative 
 
 A 
 
 i vigor 
 
 
 
 of Scion 
 
 ' In 
 
 In ' 
 
 Stock 
 
 
 varieties 
 
 Nursery 
 
 Vineyard 
 
 41-B 
 
 
 16 
 
 90.8 
 
 85 
 
 3306 
 
 
 15 
 
 88.5 
 
 77 
 
 420-A 
 
 
 15 
 
 88.5 
 
 76 
 
 1202 
 
 
 15 
 
 86.5 
 
 80 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 
 9 
 
 83.3 
 
 71 
 
 3309 
 
 
 12 
 
 81.3 
 
 76 
 
 A. x E. No. 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 75.0 
 
 76 
 
 E. gloire ... 
 
 
 15 
 
 68.3 
 
 65 
 
 St. George 
 
 
 18 
 
 65.3 
 
 70 
 
 E. Martin . 
 
 
 4 
 
 62.5 
 
 72 
 
 II. Suitability for Vineyard Purposes. 
 
 However successfully the grafted vines may be raised in the nur- 
 sery, they are of no value unless they produce the results desired by 
 the grower in the vineyard. They must be sufficiently resistant to 
 the attacks of the Phylloxera ; they must grow well under the climatic 
 and soil conditions of the particular vineyard ; the unions must be 
 durable and the vines relatively long-lived, and, finally, they must 
 produce crops which are satisfactory both in quantity and quality. 
 
 The questions of resistance to Phylloxera and of adaptation to 
 various climatic and soil conditions did not come within the scope of 
 these investigations for reasons already given. The principal points 
 studied were the quantity and quality of the crop and the perfection 
 and permanence of the unions. 
 
98 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 (a) Character of the unions: In order that a grafted vineyard 
 shall give satisfactory results, a fundamental requirement is that the 
 stock and scion shall make a good union. If the union is imperfect, 
 the vines will be short-lived and subject to disease, and the crop will 
 be defective in quantity and quality. Though a grafted vine is seldom 
 as vigorous as a vine on its own roots, the crops are usually larger and 
 of better quality when the union is good. They cannot be expected 
 to live to the great age which ordinary vines sometimes attain and 
 more of them will die of accidental injuries ; but where the conditions 
 are suitable and the unions good they will bear profitable crops for 
 20 or more years. On the other hand, the crops may be larger, the 
 grapes sweeter, more highly colored, and earlier in ripening. 
 
 The character of the union depends on many conditions. The most 
 fundamental is what is known as the affinity between the stock and the 
 scion, that is, the durability of the union and the ease with which their 
 respective tissues unite and with which the food streams pass from 
 one to the other. This affinity need not be perfect. Indeed, the in- 
 creased bearing, higher quality of the fruit, earlier ripening, and other 
 advantages of many grafted vines are probably due to a moderate 
 imperfection of affinity. The affinity, however, must be sufficient to 
 make the vines reasonably vigorous. 
 
 Other imperfections of the union may result from unskillful graft- 
 ing. Defective work may result in a failure of stock and scion to 
 unite all around, which renders the graft liable to attack at the union 
 by insects and decay organisms. Such grafts are liable to break off 
 or die early, especially if the affinity is defective. Imperfect affinity 
 may be counteracted to some extent by skillful grafting and excellent 
 affinity may overcome to some extent the defects of unskillful grafting. 
 
 Suitable soil, water, and climate and proper cultivation and prun- 
 ing also have great influence in overcoming defects of affinity or of 
 imperfect grafting. 
 
 It was attempted in these investigations to equalize the grafting 
 and environmental conditions, which are variable, in order to study 
 the differences in affinity, which are constant because inherent. 
 
 Without inquiring into the exact nature and causes of affinity, we 
 may define it as the power which stock and scion have of joining to- 
 gether and nourishing each other by exchange of food material. Its 
 degree may be measured directly by the permanence of the union and 
 by the vigor of the graft as compared to that of the stock or scion 
 varieties ungrafted ; and, inversely, by the size of the swelling which 
 always occurs at the union, and by the difference of diameter of stem 
 above and below the union. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 99 
 
 All these measures, especially the first two, are influenced more or 
 less by the environmental conditions, especially by the degree of per- 
 fection of the grafting. The size of the swelling and especially the 
 differences of diameter are less influenced, and are therefore the best 
 measures of affinity. 
 
 Figure 1 shows a section through the union of a five-year-old graft 
 of Tokay on Rupestris St. George. The excellent affinity between 
 these varieties is shown by the moderate size of the enlargement at the 
 union, which is no greater than normally occurs at the surface of the 
 
 Fig. 1. — Defective vineyard graft of Tokay on Eupestris St. George; died 
 when five years old. 
 
 ground on ungrafted vines. The nearness to equality of diameter of 
 stock and scion is also a sign of close affinity. Neither of these measures 
 of affinity has been changed much, if at all, by the imperfection of the 
 graft which, as can be seen, was united on only one side. On the other 
 hand, this imperfection resulted in the death of the vine at five years, 
 probably by the work of decay organisms which obtained entrance at 
 the unhealed grafting wound. 
 
 Figure 2 shows sections through the unions of three imperfect 
 bench grafts just dug from the nursery. Although with care these 
 bench grafts might develop into good vines, they run the risk of the 
 fate of the vine shown in Fig. 1. The vine on the left (A) has united 
 
100 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 Fig. 2. — Defective bench grafts: A, Sultanina rose on A. x R. No. 1; B. 
 Madeleine Angevine on 3306; C, Due de Magenta on 1202. 
 
BULLETIN 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 101 
 
 Fig. 3. — Good bench grafts: A, Madeleine Angevine on 1202; B, Madeleine 
 Angevine on A x E No. 1; C, Sultanina rose on Lenoir. 
 
102 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 Fig. 4. — Unions with various stocks. Dattier de Beirut, six years old, from 
 bench grafts. 
 
 Fig. 5. — Sections of unions shown in Fig. 4. 
 
Bulletin 331] phylloxera-resistant stocks 103 
 
 only in one small place and the scion has made a very small growth. 
 The defect may be due to lack of affinity, but is just as likely to be due 
 to defective grafting, or to unfavorable conditions in the nursery. 
 Vine B has made a good growth and a small enlargement, which indi- 
 cate an excellent degree of affinity. The graft, however, is defective 
 because the stock is dead on one side, as shown by its dark color. Vine 
 C 2 shows fair growth but a large swelling. The growth indicates a 
 sufficient degree of affinity. The cause of the large swelling may be, 
 in part at least, a defective union. 
 
 Figure 3 shows three excellent Number 1 bench grafts, though the 
 swelling at the union of C is rather large. The affinity, so far as can 
 be seen at this early stage, is good in all three instances. 
 
 Figure 4 shows four six-year-old Dattier vines bench grafted on 
 four different stocks, compared with a seven-year-old ungrafted vine 
 of the same variety. All these vines were vigorous and healthy when 
 dug up. Judging by the size of the swelling and the ratio of the 
 diameters of stock and scion, 420-A and 41-B show the most affinity 
 with Dattier. The union enlargement of 41-B is almost the same as 
 the normal enlargement of the ungrafted vine. That of 420-A is a 
 little larger but the ratio of diameters of stock and scion shows little 
 difference from the diameters of corresponding regions of the un- 
 grafted vine. The other two stocks, especially 333 E. M., appear 
 defective in these respects. 
 
 Dattier (Figs. 4, 5) Ungrafted* 420-A 41-B 106-8 333 E. M. 
 
 Above swelling 100 100 100 100 100 
 
 Swelling 116 129 115 120 169 
 
 Below swelling 95 93 85 67 54 
 
 * The ungrafted vine was seven years old — one year older than the grafted. 
 
 The measurements are in per cent of scion diameter. The transverse white 
 and dotted lines show limits of stock and scion. 
 
 Figure 5 shows sections through the same vines and indicates the 
 perfection of the unions. The dark areas in the middle of each section 
 show the original scion and stock cuttings. This is especially clear in 
 the center vine, 41-B. 
 
 Muscat (Figs. 6, 7) Ungrafted* 41-B 333 E. M. 420-A 106-8 
 
 Above swelling 100 100 100 100 100 
 
 Swelling 132 111 133 106 135 
 
 Below swelling 76 79 67 59 40 
 
 * The ungrafted vine was seven years old — one year older than the grafted. 
 The measurements are in per cent of scion diameter. 
 
 2 This figure shows the vine upside down. 
 
104 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 Fig. 6. — Unions with various stocks. Muscat of Alexandria, six years old. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fjfl| J 
 
 
 
 
 
 wW WM * 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 I^R 
 
 K^^ 
 
 
 1 m 1 
 
 ml , ,-vy*7aM 
 
 -1 fl 
 
 1 wj 
 
 
 B .!« ■ 
 
 H 
 
 [ v 
 
 Br ;>A m 
 
 %!.^^- : -J 
 
 
 m ' ' ^ m 
 
 | | 1 
 
 m V ^ 1 
 
 B ■ ( 
 
 1 -I 
 
 
 1 *f J 
 
 IP 
 
 M 
 
 
 m.-^^.---j 
 
 ^ NVi M-' 
 
 Uj 
 
 IL 
 
 
 
 w ''*' y jP 
 
 
 
 ■ J^^m\ 
 
 
 ^A/-- ; ^ : * 
 
 Fig. 7. — Sections of unions shown in Fig. 6. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 105 
 
 Figures 6 and 7 show a similar comparison of bench grafted raisin 
 Muscats (Muscat of Alexandria). The remarkable thing about these 
 vines is that the union enlargement is no larger than the normal 
 enlargement with two stocks, 333 E. M. and 106-8, and considerably 
 smaller with two others, 41-B and 420-A. The difference of diameter 
 of stock and scion is great only with 106-8 while with 41-B it is even 
 
 Fig. 8. — Unions with various stocks, 
 ured, and photographed May, 1918.) 
 
 Muscat seven years old. (Dug, meas- 
 
 less than with the ungrafted vine. This last stock therefore is very 
 promising for use with the Muscat, which is one of the most difficult 
 to suit in this respect. 
 
 The vines shown in Fig. 8 are Muscat grafted on various stocks. 
 They were dug up and photographed in May, 1918, the seventh spring 
 after they were planted. The unions are all excellent but show vary- 
 ing degrees of inequality between diameters of stock and scion and 
 various developments of the graft enlargement. These enlargements 
 are all greater than those of the Muscats shown in Fig. 6. It is 
 
106 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 probable that the size of the enlargements is influenced by the number 
 of suckers which grow near the union and by the time and manner of 
 removal of these suckers. For this reason the size of the enlargement 
 in old vines is of less importance than the difference between the size 
 of stock and scion in determining the suitability of a combination. 
 
 Stock (Fig. 8) 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 ... 
 
 420-A 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 ... 
 
 41-B 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 3309 
 
 101-14 
 
 1202 
 
 157-11 
 
 St. George 
 
 3306 
 
 Means 
 
 c 
 
 ircumference 
 
 A 
 
 in cm. 
 
 Ratios, Scion — 100 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Union: Stock: 
 
 Stock 
 
 Union 
 
 Scion 
 
 Scion Scion 
 
 13.7 
 
 28.0 
 
 15.9 
 
 176 86 
 
 12.5 
 
 26.9 
 
 15.7 
 
 171 80 
 
 12.0 
 
 32.2 
 
 15.8 
 
 204 76 
 
 11.9 
 
 24.9 
 
 17.2 
 
 145 69 
 
 11.7 
 
 29.0 
 
 15.1 
 
 192 78 
 
 11.6 
 
 30.2 
 
 17.9 
 
 168 65 
 
 11.2 
 
 28.7 
 
 16.9 
 
 170 66 
 
 10.8 
 
 28.4 
 
 16.8 
 
 169 64 
 
 9.5 
 
 22.7 
 
 12.4 
 
 181 77 
 
 9.0 
 
 26.7 
 
 17.3 
 
 154 52 
 
 8.6 
 
 21.2 
 
 11.4 
 
 186 75 
 
 7.9 
 
 25.1 
 
 14.6 
 
 172 54 
 
 10.8 
 
 27.0 
 
 15.5 
 
 172.3 70.1 
 
 Judging by the size of the stock and the stock scion ratio, Lenoir 
 and A. x R. No. 1 seem the best stocks for Muscat, These are the 
 stocks which are most used for Muscat in South Africa. Lenoir should 
 be excluded, however, on account of its inferior resistance to Phyl- 
 loxera. The six stocks in the first row are all good in both respects. 
 The last four in the second row show a poor growth of stock, and 
 157-11 and 3306 a great overgrowth of the scion. St. George and 1202, 
 two of the most vigorous stocks when ungrafted, have produced the 
 smallest scion growth, and, with the exception of 3306, the smallest 
 stock growth. The sufficiency of the affinity of these four for Muscat 
 is therefore doubtful. 
 
 The photographs and measurements of the vines shown in Figs. 
 8, 9, and 10 are only single instances of each combination and as 
 individual grafted vines differ as do ungrafted vines, averages of a 
 number of grafted vines of each combination are a better basis for 
 judgment. Such averages will be given later. 
 
 Stock (Fig. 9) Stock 
 
 1202 15.0 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 15.0 
 
 420-A 14.6 
 
 3306 14.2 
 
 Lenoir 14.0 
 
 R. Martin 13.3 
 
 101-14 12.5 
 
 R. gloire 9.7 
 
 St. George 9.5 
 
 Means 13.08 
 
 
 
 Ratios, Scion = 100 
 
 terence in cm. 
 
 Union: Stock: 
 
 Union 
 
 Scion 
 
 Scion Scion 
 
 24.7 
 
 22.3 
 
 111 67 
 
 35.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 125 54 
 
 25.9 
 
 19.0 
 
 136 77 
 
 28.4 
 
 24.0 
 
 117 64 
 
 31.5 
 
 20.8 
 
 151 67 
 
 22.0 
 
 16.0 
 
 138 83 
 
 27.3 
 
 18.3 
 
 149 68 
 
 20.5 
 
 15.0 
 
 137 65 
 
 15.2 
 
 13.5 
 
 113 70 
 
 25.6 
 
 19.6 
 
 130.7 68.3 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 107 
 
 The vines shown in Figure 9 are Sultanina grafted on various 
 stocks. Judging by the size of the stock they are all good for this 
 scion except R. gloire and St. George. A. x R. No. 1 shows a very 
 large growth of scion without a correspondingly large growth of stock. 
 
 Fig. 9. — Unions with various stocks. Sultanina, seven years old. (Dug, 
 measured and photographed May, 1918.) 
 
 The ratings of Cornichon shown in Fig. 10 are all good and it 
 would be hard to choose among the first five. 
 
 All the grafted vines at Davis were measured in 1914 after they 
 had grown four years in the vineyard. Table V shows the stock scion 
 ratios calculated from these measurements. 
 
108 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 The ratios for all the stocks which are not starred are the results 
 of actual measurement of five to fifteen vines of each combination and 
 the mean ratio for each stock and for each scion is based on measure- 
 ments of grafts with the same seven scion or stock varieties. Some 
 
 Fig. 10. — Unions with various stocks, 
 measured, and photographed May, 1918.) 
 
 Cornichon, seven years old. (Dug, 
 
 Circumference in cm. 
 
 Stock (Fig. 10) Stock Union Scion 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 21.7 34.1 22.9 
 
 41-B 18.2 26.4 21.7 
 
 A. x K. No. 9 17.0 26.5 21.4 
 
 1202 17.0 23.6 17.8 
 
 St. George 16.9 25.0 18.7 
 
 E. Martin 16.8 25.9 21.7 
 
 3309 15.7 25.6 20.0 
 
 Tok. x Eup 15.3 26.4 20.9 
 
 3306 14.5 24.6 22.0 
 
 101-14 13.6 25.9 19.5 
 
 E. gloire 12.1 21.5 16.1 
 
 Means 16.2 25.8 20.2 
 
 Ratios, Scion — 100 
 Union: Stock: 
 Scion Scion 
 
 149 
 122 
 124 
 133 
 134 
 119 
 128 
 126 
 112 
 133 
 134 
 128.5 
 
 95 
 
 83 
 79 
 96 
 90 
 77 
 79 
 73 
 66 
 69 
 75 
 80.1 
 
BULLETIN 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 109 
 
 stocks were not grafted with all of these scions and the mean ratio 
 given is the result of a calculated correction for this fact. The figures 
 must not be taken as absolute, therefore, but only as showing in a 
 general way the tendency of each stock and each scion. All they show 
 is that, as a general rule, the varieties either of stock or scion near 
 the top of the table usually show a small difference between stock 
 and scion diameters, and those near the bottom usually show a large 
 difference. They are useful in choosing a stock for general use or 
 for scion varieties whose preferences are not known. Ratios for each 
 variety for each stock will be given later so far as observations have 
 been made. 
 
 TABLE V 
 Average Stock: Scion Eatio of Each Stock and Scion 
 
 Each Stock with All Scions Each Scion with All Stocks 
 
 Stock Number of Ratio Scion Number of Ratio 
 
 Scions Stocks 
 
 1202 15 96.3 St. Macaire 7 97.4 
 
 *Lenoir 8 95.1 *Corinth, Black 3 94.4 
 
 *E. Martin 3 94.0 Sultana 8 94.3 
 
 St. George 17 92.2 Gros Mansenc 7 93.9 
 
 41-B 14 90.8 Lagrain 8 92.9 
 
 420-A 14 89.9 Sirah 7 91.5 
 
 *101-14 4 86.7 Oornichon 8 90.4 
 
 *A. x E. No. 9 2 83.2 Tokay 7 89.3 
 
 Eip. Gloire 16 82.0 * Corinth, White 2 88.3 
 
 3309 14 80.7 Emperor 8 88.1 
 
 3306 16 77.8 Palomino 7 86.2 
 
 *A. x E. No. 1 5 76.4 Muscat 8 85.3 
 
 *157-11 1 62.1 Valdepefias 8 85.1 
 
 *Semillon 6 83.5 
 
 Malaga 8 82.4 
 
 Beba 7 80.2 
 
 Sultanina 7 74.1 
 
 * Eatio calculated. *Bouschet, Ali 6 73.8 
 
 (6) Vigor of the bearing vines: The grafted vines at Davis were 
 carefully examined when they were five years old. Notes were taken 
 on their apparent vigor, the length and thickness of canes, and their 
 general appearance of thrift and health. None of these characters are 
 capable of an exact numerical evaluation, and therefore, the following 
 scale of grades based on examination was used : 
 
 Very poor 
 
 
 = 1 
 
 Poor 
 
 
 = 2 
 
 Medium 
 
 
 = 3 
 
 Good 
 
 
 = 4 
 
 Very good 
 
 
 = 5 
 
 Exceptionally 
 
 good 
 
 = 6 
 
 A summary of the results for each stock, reduced to a scale of 100= 
 exceptionally good, is given in Table VI. This table is based on 
 
110 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 observations of only one year and with a few stocks of only one or 
 two grafting combinations. For the cases where the stock has been 
 grafted with a considerable number of scions it is of considerable 
 value. 
 
 It is instructive to compare these results with the notes on vigor 
 in the nursery (see page 97). In both cases, 41-B holds the first rank 
 and St. George almost the last rank. In the nursery, 1202 was vigor- 
 ous and increased in relative vigor in the vineyard. R. Martin, which 
 was weak in the nursery, was somewhat more vigorous in the vineyard. 
 Lenoir, which was fairly vigorous in the nursery, was among the 
 weakest in the vineyard. Riparia gloire showed weakness in the nurs- 
 ery and was still worse in the vineyard. The rank of the other stocks 
 was about the same in nursery and vineyard, 3306, 420-A, being 
 vigorous, and 3309 and A. x R. No. 1 of fair vigor in both. 
 
 These remarks refer only to averages. As will be seen later, there 
 are important exceptions. Some stocks which give vigorous vines with 
 most scions give poor growth with others, and vice versa. 
 
 TABLE VI 
 
 Eelative Vigor or Grafts on Various Stocks 
 
 Stock Number of scion varieties Relative vigor 
 
 41-B 13 85 
 
 1202 14 80 
 
 3306 15 77 
 
 420-A 15 76 
 
 3309 13 76 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 6 76 . 
 
 Lenoir 9 71 
 
 St. George 15 70 
 
 E. gloire 14 65 
 
 333 E. M 1 83 
 
 E. Martin 4 72 
 
 93-5 1 72 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 2 71 
 
 101-14 4 68 
 
 157-11 1 68 
 
 (c) Durability of the vines: In all vineyards, whether grafted or 
 not, vines die occasionally. The causes of death are varied. Some 
 receive severe injuries in cultivation, some become infected by wood- 
 destroying fungi obtaining entrance through wounds, and some are 
 killed by frost, over-bearing, drought, or the combined effect of several 
 minor weakening causes. Leaving out of consideration serious dis- 
 eases and pests which may destroy many or all the vines, there are 
 always present numerous unfavorable or injurious conditions which 
 will result in the destruction of a smaller or larger number of the vines 
 in any vineyard. How large a percentage of the vines will die each 
 
Bulletin 331] phylloxera-resistant stocks 111 
 
 year on the average depends on the natural vigor of the vines, on the 
 more or less favorable environmental conditions, and on the care and 
 skill of the grower. Under the most favorable circumstances, the 
 number of vines which die in a grafted vineyard will be equal to the 
 number which die in an ungrafted one and usually it will be greater. 
 
 The number which die the year of planting varies greatly accord- 
 ing to the quality of the vines planted and to the care used in planting 
 and cultivating them, and is not a good criterion of the permanence 
 of the vines when they are once well established. 
 
 A "stand" of anything over 90 per cent at the end of the first 
 year may be considered good in any vineyard. In a demonstration 
 vineyard of 40 acres at Kearney, a stand of 96 per cent was obtained 
 the first year with ungrafted Muscats and 93.1 per cent with ungrafted 
 Sultanina. With Sultanina grafted on various stocks an average stand 
 of 90.8 per cent was obtained in the same vineyard. The variations 
 of stand with various stocks is shown in Table VII. 
 
 TABLE VII 
 
 Stand of Grafted Sultanina 
 
 (Kearney Demonstration Vineyard) 
 
 Stock Vines planted 1918 Vines growing 1919 Stand, per cent 
 
 E. Pisgah 33 33 100.0 
 
 Lenoir 57 58 98.2 
 
 Tok. x Eup 85 81 95.3 
 
 3306 670 629 93.9 
 
 3309 1,132 1,062 93.8 
 
 1202 56 51 91.1 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 78 70 89.7 
 
 St. George 58 50 86.2 
 
 420-A 200 168 84.0 
 
 A. x E. No. 2 85 68 80.0 
 
 Champini 18 14 77.8 
 
 41-B 114 81 71.0 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 99 66 66.7 
 
 Totals and Mean 2,685 2,429 90.8 
 
 Ungrafted 5,799 5,399 93.1 
 
 The stand of all the first seven stocks is good to excellent, averag- 
 ing 97 per cent, which is better than that of the ungrafted vines. The 
 stand of the last five stocks is only fair. 
 
 Stands of Sultanina, Muscat, Black Corinth, and Ohanez in the 
 Experiment Vineyard at Kearney are shown in Table VIII. 
 
 A high stand of St. George is shown with all the varieties shown 
 in Table VIII. With Sultanina, 3309 is also good; with Muscat, 3309, 
 93-5, and Tokay x Rupestris ; with Black Corinth, 3306 ; and with 
 Ohanez, 3309. Too much weight should not be given to poorer results 
 
112 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 of some of the combinations shown because they are special instances 
 and may represent defective cuttings used in grafting, or defective 
 work or bad conditions in the vineyard. The durability of the vines 
 after the first year is of more importance and will be discussed later. 
 The durability of grafted vines is influenced both by the stock and 
 the scion. Certain scions varieties like the Muscat and the Alicante 
 
 
 TABLE VIII 
 
 
 
 
 Stand of 
 
 Grafted Vines 
 
 
 
 
 (Kearney Experiment Vineyard) 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vines planted Vines growing 
 
 Stand, 
 
 Scion 
 
 Stock 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 per cent 
 
 Sultanina 
 
 St. George 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 87.5 
 
 Sultanina 
 
 3309 
 
 28 
 
 23 
 
 82.2 
 
 Sultanina 
 
 3306 
 
 24 
 
 14 
 
 58.3 
 
 Sultanina 
 
 420-A 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 33.3 
 
 Muscat 
 
 St. George 
 
 118 
 
 115 
 
 97.5 
 
 Muscat 
 
 3309 
 
 166 
 
 159 
 
 95.8 
 
 Muscat 
 
 93-5 
 
 24 
 
 22 
 
 91.7 
 
 Muscat 
 
 Tok. x Eup. 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 90.0 
 
 Muscat 
 
 101-14 
 
 .... 
 
 3 
 
 
 Muscat 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 
 
 17 
 
 13 
 
 77.6 
 
 Muscat 
 
 333 E. M. 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 Muscat 
 
 A. x E. No. 2 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 66J 
 
 Muscat 
 
 106-8 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 Muscat 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 
 
 22 
 
 11 
 
 50.0 
 
 Muscat 
 
 420-A 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 
 Black Corinth 
 
 3306 
 
 24 
 
 23 
 
 9578 
 
 Black Corinth 
 
 St. George 
 
 77 
 
 73 
 
 94.8 
 
 Black Corinth 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 
 
 91 
 
 75 
 
 82.4 
 
 Black Corinth 
 
 3309 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 66.7 
 
 Ohanez 
 
 St. George 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 100.0 
 
 Ohanez 
 
 3309 
 
 24 
 
 21 
 
 87.5 
 
 Totals ar 
 
 Ld Means 
 
 703 
 
 621 
 
 88.3 
 
 Bouschet tend to be short-lived on most stocks, while others like the 
 Palomino tend to be durable on most. The same differences exist 
 between stocks. In Tables IX, X, and XI the durability of the grafted 
 vines is indicated in the column headed "Death rate." The death 
 rate represents the mean percentage of vines dying each year after 
 the first. It is calculated on six years in the first two tables and on 
 five years in Table XI. 
 
 Table IX shows the percentage of living vines growing in vineyard 
 Number 1 at Davis in 1912 and in 1917. These vines were planted in 
 1911 so that the percentage growing in 1912 represents the "stand" 
 and that growing in 1917 the "durability." A loss of over 2 per cent 
 after the first year is considered excessive. Of all the stocks grafted 
 with 10 or more scion varieties, only Rip. x Rup. 3309 and 420-A and 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 113 
 
 41-B keep within the limit of 2 per cent. These figures, however, are 
 based on all combinations. With some combinations the loss was less 
 than 2 per cent, with others more. By a careful adaptation of stock 
 to scion a combination can usually be found where the loss will not 
 be excessive. 
 
 With some scion varieties this is more easily accomplished than 
 with others, as can be seen by reference to the second part of Table IX, 
 where the scion varieties are compared. With the first 9 varieties the 
 
 TABLE IX 
 
 Durability of Grafted Vines 
 
 Davis Experiment Vineyard (Summaries) 
 
 Number of Per cent growing 
 
 vines planted, Number of 1912 
 
 1911 varieties (standt) 1917 
 
 Stocks compared: Scions 
 
 3309 183 14 81.4 72.1 
 
 420-A 137 15 95.6 83.9 
 
 41-B 181 16 83.4 71.3 
 
 3306 210 17 85.2 70.5 
 
 Riparia Gloire 230 16 77.0 62.2 
 
 St. George 288 21 75.7 60.4 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 94 6 91.5 72.3 
 
 1202 206 16 . 91.8 69.1 
 
 Lenoir 124 10 87.1 63.7 
 
 157-11 2 1 100.0 100.0 
 
 101-14 53 4 90.6 90.6 
 
 R. Martin 34 4 85.3 82.4 
 
 93-5 36 1 91.7 80.6 
 
 A. x R. No. 9 43 3 100.0 67.4 
 
 333 E. M 12 1 91.7 50.0 
 
 Scions compared: Stocks 
 
 Sultanina 87 9 94.2 94.2 
 
 Lagrain 94 8 74.5 71.3 
 
 Palomino 77 7 88.3 84.4 
 
 Sultana 96 8 94.8 90.6 
 
 St. Macaire 118 7 60.2 56.8 
 
 Petite Sirah 96 8 96.9 90.6 
 
 Emperor 66 9 89.4 81.8 
 
 Malaga 74 8 95.9 86.5 
 
 Gros Mansenc 106 8 54.7 48.1 
 
 Semillon 88 7 82.9 69.3 
 
 Dattier 108 5 92.6 76.8 
 
 Cornichon 55 10 94.5 78.0 
 
 Muscat 153 12 93.5 74.5 
 
 Valdepefias 168 8 76.8 58.9 
 
 Alicante Bouschet.. 110 7 89.0 54.5 
 
 Beba 70 6 97.1 58.8 
 
 Tokay 96 8 95.8 55.2 
 
 Pierce 11 1 100.0 100.0 
 
 Black Corinth 47 3 91.5 87.2 
 
 White Corinth 24 2 87.5 ' 79.2 
 
 Flame Muscat 24 1 54.2 45.8 
 
 Alicante Ganzin .... 5 1 80.0 40.0 
 
 * Death rate -=z the mean percentage of vines dying each year after the first. 
 f Stand = the percentage of vines living at the end of the first year. 
 
 Death rate,* 
 
 loss per cent 
 
 per year 
 
 1.9 
 2.0 
 2.4 
 2.9 
 3.2 
 3.4 
 3.5 
 4.1 
 4.5 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.6 
 2.0 
 5.4 
 7.6 
 
 0.0 
 0.7 
 0.7 
 0.7 
 0.9 
 1.1 
 1.4 
 1.7 
 2.0 
 2.7 
 2.8 
 2.9 
 3.4 
 3.9 
 6.4 
 6.6 
 7.1 
 0.0 
 0.8 
 1.6 
 2.6 
 8.3 
 
114 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 average loss with all stocks does not exceed 2 per cent annually, while 
 with the 13th to the 17th it exceeds 3 per cent, rising to over 7 per cent 
 in the case of Tokay. 
 
 In Table X, page 131, the record is shown of each scion variety 
 with each stock on which it was grafted at Davis and in Table XI, 
 page 135, the same data for Kearney. 
 
 (d) Quantity of crop: The amount of grapes produced by a vine 
 depends on a large number of factors — soil, climate, method of prun- 
 ing, etc., — of which the relation of stock and scion is but one. 
 
 To determine the effect of this factor we must separate it in some 
 way from the effects of all others. We have attempted to do this by 
 growing the grafted vines which we wish to compare in a piece of 
 apparently uniform soil and by treating them with identical methods. 
 With all possible care, in this way differences due to the factors we 
 wish to eliminate are lessened but cannot be removed entirely. 
 
 The reason of this is that we cannot be sure that the particular soil 
 where one vine is growing is exactly like the particular soil where 
 another is growing, nor that the treatment received by one vine is 
 exactly the same as the treatment received by another. 
 
 We cannot therefore base an opinion on single crops of single vines. 
 We may assume, however, that if we have taken all practicable care 
 to equalize conditions, the unavoidable inequalities will be distributed 
 sporadically through time and space. We may therefore give consid- 
 erable weight to observations made on several vines of each class and 
 continued over a series of years. 
 
 This is illustrated by the record of 72 ungrafted Muscat vines 
 growing in the Experiment Vineyard at Kearney, on a piece of appar- 
 ently uniform soil and treated as nearly alike as possible. The crop 
 of each vine has been weighed each year for four years. 
 
 The record shows that the smallest single crop of a single vine was 
 11 pounds and the largest 65 pounds, a variation of 100 to 59.1. If 
 these two vines had been grafted on different stocks, any difference 
 of crop due to the stocks could not have been distinguished in the 
 presence of the enormous difference due to other factors. Single crops 
 of single grafted vines therefore are of little value in determining the 
 suitability of a combination. A large crop is evidence favorable to 
 the stock used, but gives no evidence as to the relation of one stock 
 to another, while a small crop gives no evidence at all. 
 
 If we segregate these same Muscat vines into three groups corre- 
 sponding to three rows of 24 vines each, we find that the smallest 
 mean crop per vine for a group in one year was 25 pounds and the 
 largest 32 pounds, a variation of 100 to 128. This indicates very 
 
BULLETIN 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 13 5 
 
 clearly that the variations due to uncontrolled factors have been meas- 
 urably equalized by the use of groups of 24 vines. This difference 
 of 28 per cent, however, is still large and would mask smaller differ- 
 ences caused by differences of grafting stock. Differences of 50 to 100 
 per cent which we have found in groups of vines grafted on different 
 stocks might, however, be distinguishable. 
 
 The variations due to uncontrolled factors can be still further 
 equalized by considering the mean crops of the groups for a term of 
 years. The mean crop per vine per year for each of the three groups 
 of Muscat vines for four consecutive years varied from 28 pounds to 
 31 pounds, a variation of 100 to 111. 
 
 The extreme variation, then, between crops of single ungrafted 
 vines in single years was as 100 : 591 ; between groups of 24 vines in 
 single years, as 100 : 128 ; and between groups of 24 vines for a term 
 of four years as 100 : 111. 
 
 The crop ratings of the grafted vines have been based on the record 
 of groups for four years. It seems safe to conclude, therefore, that 
 variations of 10 to 15 in the hundred have no significance, but that 
 greater variations indicate the effects of the different combinations of 
 stock and scion. 
 
 The data on which conclusions have been based are given in Tables 
 XII (page 136) and XIII (page 139). 
 
 (e) Quality of crop : The effect of the stock on the quality or 
 character of the fruit of the scion has been a matter of controversy, 
 but there seems to be no evidence of value that the nature of the stock 
 has any influence whatever on the specific or varietal characters of 
 the scion. If a white grape is grafted on a red-fruited stock the fruit 
 of the scion will have no more tendency to be red than if it were 
 grafted on a white-fruited stock or were growing on its own roots. 
 There is just as much probability that a scion variety will bear well 
 if grafted on a light-bearing stock as if grafted on a heavy-bearing 
 one. A vine grafted on a staminate or male stock, which can bear no 
 fruit, may be just as fruitful as if grafted on a pistillate or fruit- 
 bearing stock. 
 
 This does not mean that the stock is without influence on either the 
 quality or the quantity of the scion which it supports. There is con- 
 vincing evidence that it has great influence on both. But so have 
 soil, cultivation, climate, and many other conditions. 
 
 This influence seems confined to qualities which depend on the kind 
 and amount of nutritive material which the scion receives. We cannot 
 give a Muscat flavor to a Malaga vine, nor a Concord flavor to a Corni- 
 
116 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 chon, by any method of pruning, irrigation, or fertilization, nor can 
 we accomplish this object by grafting on to a Muscat or a Concord 
 stock. By modifications of the soil, climate, and cultural conditions, 
 however, we can increase or diminish the crops of a Malaga or a Corni- 
 chon, we can modify the time of ripening, the size of the berry, the 
 sweetness and acidity, and even the amount, though not the kind, of 
 color and flavor. The differences found between grafted and ungrafted 
 vines and between vines grafted on different stocks, then, are due to 
 differences of nutrition. 
 
 An attempt has been made in the last section to evaluate the 
 influence of the stock on the quantity of the crop. It is more difficult 
 to estimate the influence on the quality. 
 
 The quality of a grape is determined by numerous factors, sugar, 
 flavor, color, texture, size. Most of these factors vary in the same 
 direction with the same changes of conditions. For example, if a vine 
 is badly nourished the fruit will usually lack sugar, flavor, size, and 
 color, it will be of inferior texture, and ripen imperfectly. By deter- 
 mining one of these characteristics, therefore, we have to some extent 
 a measure of all. The characteristic most easily measured is that of 
 the sugar content of the juice. 
 
 With table grapes this measure is not completely satisfactory. The 
 size, color, and texture of the fruit vary more or less independently 
 of the sugar content and are even more important. However, in estab- 
 lishing legal standards for shipping grapes, the sugar content is the 
 main reliance even with this type of grape. With raisin, grape juice, 
 and wine grapes it is in most cases quite reliable, especially when the 
 comparisons are made between grapes growing in the same vineyard 
 or region. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 117 
 
 TABLE XIV 
 
 Average Balling Degree with Each Stock 
 (Davis, 1919) 
 
 Balling degrees 
 
 Stocks Number of f A 
 
 scions Maximum Minimum 
 
 St. George 18 35.0 17.5 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 15 36.4 17.8 
 
 3306 16 30.4 18.6 
 
 420-A 14 28.7 19.5 
 
 1202 14 28.8 18.1 
 
 A. x K. No. 1 7 28.6 18.6 
 
 3309 13 27.2 19.0 
 
 Lenoir 9 28.4 20.5 
 
 41-B 13 30.6 18.6 
 
 101-14 4 28.6 19.7 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 3 28.4 20.0 
 
 157-11 1 24.8 24.8 
 
 93-5 2 23.9 22.5 
 
 E. Martin 4 28.0 17.5 
 
 333 E. M :..... 1 21.0 21.0 
 
 Tokay x Eupestris 1 20.3 20.3 
 
 Average 
 26.1 
 25.7 
 25.6 
 24.5 
 24.4 
 24.1 
 23.8 
 23.6 
 23.3 
 
 26.2 
 25.4 
 24.8 
 23.2 
 22.9 
 21.0 
 20.3 
 
 TABLE XV 
 
 Average Balling Degree with Each Scion 
 
 (1915, 1916, 1917, Davis) 
 
 Scions 
 
 Palomino 
 
 Semillon 
 
 Alicante Bouschet 
 
 Lagrain 
 
 Gros Mansenc 
 
 Petite Sirah 
 
 St. Macaire 
 
 Valdepefias 
 
 Cornichon 
 
 Dattier de Beirut . 
 
 Emperor 
 
 Malaga 
 
 Tokay 
 
 Muscat ... 
 
 Sultana 
 
 Sultanina 
 
 Muscat, Flame 
 
 Coriath, Black 
 
 Corinth, White 
 
 Pierce 
 
 Alicante Ganzin ... 
 
 amber of 
 stocks 
 
 
 Balling degrees 
 
 
 Maximum 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Average 
 
 7 
 
 26.5 
 
 24.1 
 
 25.4 
 
 7 
 
 27.0 
 
 25.5 
 
 25.4 
 
 7 
 
 23.9 
 
 21.6 
 
 22.6 
 
 8 
 
 26.6 
 
 24.0 
 
 25.2 
 
 8 
 
 27.2 
 
 25.7 
 
 26.4 
 
 8 
 
 24.8 
 
 21.9 
 
 23.0 
 
 7 
 
 25.5 
 
 23.3 
 
 24.5 
 
 8 
 
 28.8 
 
 25.6 
 
 26.8 
 
 12 
 
 18.7 
 
 17.5 
 
 18.2 
 
 6 
 
 22.7 
 
 20.0 
 
 21.8 
 
 9 
 
 20.3 
 
 17.7 
 
 18.5 
 
 8 
 
 23.0 
 
 20.3 
 
 22.1 
 
 8 
 
 23.0 
 
 20.5 
 
 21.6 
 
 12 
 
 28.2 
 
 23.2 
 
 25.5 
 
 8 
 
 23.2 
 
 20.6 
 
 22.3 
 
 9 
 
 26.4 
 
 24.2 
 
 25.0 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 25.0 
 
 3 
 
 31.1 
 
 26.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 2 
 
 29.8 
 
 27.7 
 
 28.8 
 
 2 
 
 21.7 
 
 21.5 
 
 21.6 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 22.0 
 
118 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 In Table XIV the stocks are arranged in the order of the average 
 sugar content of the crops of the various scion varieties grafted on 
 them. In a general way, the ranking according to sugar content is 
 the reverse of the ranking according to amount of crop. (See Tables 
 XVIII to XXXV.) For example, the scions on St. George produced 
 as a rule the sweetest grapes but the smallest crops. The crops of 
 scions on Lenoir and 1202, however, were often both small and of 
 low sugar content. 
 
 While the sugar content is a fairly accurate measure of the 
 quality of two samples of grapes it is not an easy measure to apply 
 in the estimation of the value of different stocks. The reason of this 
 is that the stocks influence also the amount of crop and the time of 
 ripening. If therefore we find that the grapes on one stock are sweeter 
 than those on another we may not be sure whether this is due to a 
 difference in time of ripening, to a difference in amount of crop, or 
 to some other difference. If the grapes on one stock are sweeter than 
 those on another, it may simply indicate that the first stock promotes 
 early ripening. The second stock may produce grapes of equal sweet- 
 ness and general quality if given time. Moreover, smaller crops 
 are usually sweeter, so that whether higher sugar content represents 
 a gain can be determined only when we know the crop that accom- 
 panies it. After making allowance for these uncertainties, however, 
 we can say that a higher sugar content is a favorable indication 
 whether it represents simply earlier ripening or a partial compensa- 
 tion for smaller crops. With raisin grapes and grapes used for juice 
 or syrup the product obtained by multiplying the crop per vine by 
 the sugar per cent is a means of calculating the sugar per acre which 
 will give a close approximation to the comparative value of the crop. 
 
 In order to compare the different stocks in this way the average 
 crop and average sugar (Bal. °) of each stock with all scions is shown 
 in Table XVI. 
 
 The last column in Table XVI represents the pounds of sugar or 
 solid contents yielded by 100 vines and is convenient for comparison, 
 though it makes little change from the order of stocks obtained by 
 arranging them according to yield of grapes. 
 
 An element of uncertainty is introduced into this table by the fact 
 that each stock was not grafted with exactly the same set of scion 
 varieties. This inaccuracy is probably great in the cases of stocks 
 with which a small number of scion varieties was used. For this reason 
 the stocks representing loss than five scion varieties have been segre- 
 gated at the bottom of the table. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 119 
 
 An attempt has been made to obtain a more accurate comparison 
 in Table XVII. In this table, the principal stocks have been com- 
 pared in respect to only those ten scion varieties on which each and 
 all were grafted. These are Tokay, Malaga, Palomino, Semillon, 
 Alicante Bouschet, Petite Sirah, St. Macaire, Valdepefias, Lagrain, 
 and Gros Mansenc. A. x R. No. 1 was grafted with only five of these 
 scions and Lenoir with only six. In these cases, the ratings have been 
 computed by comparing their records with all scions used, with the 
 record of St. George with the same scions, and correcting for the ten 
 scions used for the other stocks. 
 
 TABLE XVI 
 
 Eelative Bearing and Sugar Content 
 (All stocks and all scions, 1915, 1916, 1917) 
 
 Stock Number of 
 
 combination i 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 6 
 
 420-A 15 
 
 3309 13 
 
 41-B 15 
 
 3306 16 
 
 Lenoir 9 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 15 
 
 1202 15 
 
 St. George 20 
 
 Tok. x Eup 2 
 
 157-11 1 
 
 101-14 4 
 
 93-5 2 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 3 
 
 E. Martin 4 
 
 333 E. M 1 
 
 106-8 1 
 
 average crop, 
 
 pounds per 
 
 vine 
 
 Average 
 Balling 
 degree 
 
 Crop x 
 Balling 
 
 30.1 
 
 21.4 
 
 644 
 
 27.2 
 
 23.2 
 
 642 
 
 26.4 
 
 23.6 
 
 623 
 
 25.6 
 
 23.1 
 
 591 
 
 23.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 559 
 
 21.7 
 
 23.1 
 
 501 
 
 20.1 
 
 24.7 
 
 496 
 
 18.9 
 
 23.4 
 
 442 
 
 12.2 
 
 24.8 
 
 303 
 
 32.1 
 
 20.0 
 
 642 
 
 22.5 
 
 26.1 
 
 587 
 
 25.3 
 
 22.7 
 
 574 
 
 20.0 
 
 23.2 
 
 464 
 
 21.2 
 
 21.8 
 
 462 
 
 20.7 
 
 22.3 
 
 462 
 
 14.9 
 
 20.0 
 
 298 
 
 16.3 
 
 17.5 
 
 285 
 
 TABLE XVII 
 
 Eelative Bearing and Sugar Content 
 (Ten identical scions on each stock, 1915, 1916, 1917) 
 
 Stock Average crop, Average Balling Crop x Balling 
 
 pounds per vine per cent 
 
 420-A 29.6 23.6 699 
 
 41-B 25.8 23.6 609 
 
 3309 24.4 24.4 595 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 21.9 26.0 569 
 
 3306 22.4 24.9 568 
 
 Lenoir 20.5 23.5 482 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 19.1 25.1 479 
 
 1202 18.8 24.3 475 
 
 St. George 11.5 25.3 291 
 
120 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 The low rating of Rupestris St. George in this table is remarkable. 
 The crops yielded by its grafts have averaged only about half of those 
 of the best stocks. This stock is used much more than any other in 
 California. It is sometimes claimed that the light bearing of vines on 
 St. George root is due to the excessive vigor of the stock and that the 
 crops increase with age and can be improved by longer pruning. This 
 may be true in some cases but most of the evidence of our investiga- 
 tions points the other way. For most of the varieties tested and for 
 conditions similar to those of Davis, the St. George is, as a stock, 
 undoubtedly much inferior to several others. 
 
 C. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 
 
 The ideal of this investigation was to discover the best stock for 
 each scion, and like all ideals is unattainable. It has made it possible 
 to indicate certain stocks that are excellent, certain others that are 
 fair, and certain others that are probably bad for most of our prin- 
 cipal grape varieties, under the conditions in which they were tested 
 in Yolo and Fresno counties. As these conditions represent the greater 
 part of the grape-growing region of California they should be useful 
 to grape growers who intend to plant Phylloxera-resistant vines, 
 
 In order to simplify the choice of a stock, all the available data of 
 importance have been placed in Tables XVIII to XXXV. Each of 
 these tables shows the behavior of a particular grape variety on each 
 stock with which it was tested. 
 
 The data given in the columns of the tables are : 
 
 1. Per cent in nursery: This means the average number of first- 
 class rooted vines obtained from one hundred bench grafts planted 
 in the nursery. This is to indicate the probable cost of planting- 
 material with each combination. A rate of 50 per cent may be con- 
 sidered a good average. Anything below 40 per cent would consider- 
 ably increase the cost of the vines and below 30 per cent should not 
 be considered at all. 
 
 2. St. :8c. Ratio: This means the ratio of the diameter of the 
 stock a few inches below the union to that of the scion a few inches 
 above it. A ratio of 100 means that the stock and scion are equal. 
 Ratios below 100 mean that the stock is smaller than the scion ; above 
 100, that it is larger. Ratios of 80 to 100 may be considered excellent 
 and normal. Ratios below 75 indicate a weakness of the vine. Ratios 
 above 100 seem also to indicate lack of vigor. 
 
 3. Vigor: The numbers in the third column simply represent the 
 comparative vigor and health of the vine as shown by its appearance. 
 
BULLETIN 331] PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 121 
 
 From 80 to 100 mean perfectly satisfactory ; from 70 to 80, fair ; and 
 below 70, doubtful to poor. 
 
 4. Death Bate: This column shows the average number of vines 
 in a hundred which died each year during the five years after planting, 
 not including the first. A death rate of 2 or less is normal and satis- 
 factory; anything over 4 makes the combination doubtful. 
 
 5. Sugar: The figures in this column give the average Balling 
 degrees for three years, 1915, 1916, and 1918. They are satisfactory 
 for nearly all the combinations and usually show a tendency to be 
 higher with the lower crops, which is a normal relation. It is only 
 when this relation is reversed that they should be given much weight. 
 A stock which increases the sugar as well as the crop has a double 
 merit; a stock which gives small crops of low sugar content is doubly 
 poor. : , 
 
 6. Crop: The figures in this column give the average crop per year 
 per vine in pounds of grapes. For Davis they represent three years ; 
 for Kearney, six. Wherever comparable figures were obtainable, the 
 corresponding average crops of the ungrafted vines are given after 
 the name of the scion variety. 
 
 The varieties shown in these tables are: five raisin grapes: Muscat, 
 Black Corinth, White Corinth, Sultanina (Thompson), and Sultana; 
 five table grapes: Dattier de Beirut, Emperor, Corniehon, Tokay, and 
 Malaga; six red wine grapes: Alicante Bouschet, Gros Mansenc, Petite 
 Sirah, St. Macaire, Lagrain, and Valdepefias; and two white wine 
 grapes: Semillon and Palomino. 
 
 The raisin varieties include all that are used largely for drying, 
 and the table varieties the principal grapes which are used for ship- 
 ping. The wine grapes were chosen when wine making was a legal 
 and important industry in California and include those varieties which 
 were considered the most suitable for growing in the interior vallej^s 
 when both quality and quantity were considered. Fortunately, they 
 are very well adapted to the newer uses of wine grapes, such as drying 
 and syrup making. 
 
 a. Best stocks for each scion variety. Table XVIII to XXXV give 
 a summary of the record of each scion variety with each stock. 
 
 The Muscat of Alexandria is widely grown in many parts of the 
 world and is recognized as difficult to suit in the matter of resistant 
 stock. The stocks usually recommended for it are Lenoir, A. x R. 
 No. 1, and Berlandieri varieties and hybrids. Lenoir should be re- 
 jected on account of its imperfect resistance. The A. x R. No. 1 has 
 a good record at Kearney but its death rate at Davis is high. The 
 Berlandieri hybrids 41-B and 420-A have excellent records at Davis 
 
122 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 and are probably the best stocks to recommend, in spite of their low 
 nursery returns. At Davis, 101-14 has an excellent record both in 
 nursery and vineyard and is probably well suited to the Muscat in 
 favorable situations. The high death rate at Kearney is probably due 
 to a severe autumn frost which injured most of the vines in the second 
 year and accounts for the higher death rate there than at Davis. 
 St. George has a poor record in both places. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XVIII 
 
 
 
 
 Muscat, 22.4,* 
 
 Nursery 
 Hi 
 
 % St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 32 
 
 105 
 
 73 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 29.6 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 33 
 
 83 
 
 73 
 
 0.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 27.2 
 
 A.xR. No. 1 
 
 Davis 54 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 
 5.0 
 
 21.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 101-14 
 
 Davis 69 
 
 69 
 
 70 
 
 0.0 
 
 27.7 
 
 23.7 
 
 157-11 
 
 Davis 10 
 
 58 
 
 70 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.0 
 
 22.5 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 70 
 
 79 
 
 72 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.9 
 
 22.1 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 64 
 
 70 
 
 65 
 
 7.0 
 
 26.4 
 
 20.3 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 48 
 
 90 
 
 70 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.5 
 
 19.4 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 56 
 
 87 
 
 62 
 
 6.4 
 
 25.9 
 
 18.4 
 
 A. x R. No. 9 
 
 Davis 65 
 
 86 
 
 50 
 
 10.2 
 
 25.3 
 
 15.1 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 Davis 
 
 ... 
 
 
 70 
 
 1.9 
 
 27.3 
 
 14.4 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 63 
 
 
 
 
 23.0 
 
 5.7 
 
 93-5 
 
 St. George 
 
 A.xR. No. 9 
 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 13.3 
 6.9 
 0.0 
 
 
 20.7 
 18.6 
 18.2 
 
 Tok. x Rup. 
 A.xR. No. 1 
 333 E. M. 
 
 420-A 
 3309 
 106-8 
 101-14 
 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 20.0 
 0.0 
 0.9 
 1.8 
 4.4 
 0.0 
 
 20.0 
 
 
 17.9 
 16.0 
 15.9 
 15.3 
 13.2 
 10.8 
 
 * The figures after the name of 
 vines at Davis during the same perio 
 
 the 
 
 (1. 
 
 scion variety 
 
 give the 
 
 average crop 
 
 of the 
 
 ungrafted 
 
 The cause of the high death rate of grafted Muscat is supposed by 
 some observers to be its tendency to over-bearing. The records at 
 Davis, however, show that a high death rate is usually accompanied 
 by poor crops and a low death rate by good crops. Over-bearing will 
 undoubtedly intensify the effect of poor affinity but where the affinity 
 is good the vines should not only be capable of bearing larger crops 
 but should be longer lived if the crop is carefuly regulated by the 
 amount of pruning. 
 
 TABLE XIX 
 
 Corinth, Blade, 4.8, on 
 
 Nursery % St. : Sc. Vigor Death rate Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 B. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 61 
 
 94 
 
 Strong 
 
 0.0 
 
 29.4 
 
 12.2 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 48 
 
 100 
 
 
 1.5 
 
 24.5 
 
 8.3 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 97 
 
 Weak 
 
 0.0 
 
 29.9 
 
 4.5 
 
 420-A 
 
 Kearney 
 
 .... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 41-B 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 .... 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 14.9 
 
 3306 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 11.8 
 
 R. Gloire 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 3.3 
 
 
 10.6 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 123 
 
 The records of 41-B, Riparia gloire, and 3306 have been the best 
 with the Black Corinth. On St. George it has not borne well and 
 it has refused to grow at all on 420-A, though several hundred grafts 
 were made on different occasions. The first two crops on the best 
 stocks were excellent, especially at Kearney, where they averaged over 
 20 pounds to the vine. Later crops were small, no larger than the 
 crops of ungrafted vines without girdling. It seems probable that the 
 union has the same effect as girdling at first, but as the vines become 
 older it appears that even the grafted vines must be girdled. The 
 crop of 4.8 lbs. indicated above for the ungrafted vines was obtained 
 without girdling. Vines on St. George not only failed to bear but 
 lacked vigor. Nursery results with other stocks were : Lenoir, 64 per 
 cent; Tok. x Rup., 44 per cent, 106-8, 44 per cent; A. x R. No. 1, 
 43 per cent. The vineyard record of these stocks is not complete, but 
 A. x R. No. 1 is promising and 41-B has done remarkably well with 
 girdling. 
 
 TABLE XX 
 
 Nursery % St. : Sc. Vigor Death rate Sugar Crop 
 
 Corinth, White, 12.5, on 
 
 3306 Davis 53 81 80 1.4 28.0 13.1 
 
 St. George Davis 50 97 63 1.9 29.0 6.5 
 
 E. Gloire Davis 41 .... .... .... 30.0 
 
 3306 Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 17.8 
 
 St. George Kearney .... ... . .... 0.0 US 
 
 420-A Kearney .... .... .... 20.0 
 
 This variety did best on 3306 and, like the Black, was a complete 
 failure on 420-A. 
 
 TABLE XXI 
 
 Nursery % St. : Sc. Vigor Death rate Sugar Crop 
 Sultanina, 20.7 Davis, 
 30.8 Kearney, on 
 
 A. x B. No. 1 Davis 53 62 67 0.0 25.1 23.4 
 
 101-14 Davis 46 73 75 0.0 26.0 21.0 
 
 420-A Davis 22 80 82 0.0 24.9 16.7 
 
 1202 Davis 46 75 83 0.0 25.1 16.5 
 
 E. Gloire Davis 23 75 58 0.0 24.9 14.6 
 
 Lenoir Davis .... .... 67 0.0 26.0 14.5 
 
 3306 Davis 47 64 87 0.0 26.4 13.9 
 
 K. Martin Davis 80 87 58 0.0 26.1 13.2 
 
 St. George Davis 68 76 65 0.0 27.1 11.0 
 
 Lenoir Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 56.7 
 
 1202 Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 45.9 
 
 3306 Kearney .... .... .... 1.7 45.7 
 
 3309 Kearney 85 .... .... 0.0 41.3 
 
 1616 Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 39.9 
 
 101-14 Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 37.4 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 35.9 
 
 Tok. x Eup. Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 31.6 
 
 St. George Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 30.6 
 
 E. Martin Kearney .... .... .... 0.0 30.4 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 Kearney .... .... .... .... 28.3 
 
124 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 The Sultanina is evidently well adapted to grafting on resistant 
 stocks. Not a single vine died in five years, either at Davis or Kearney 
 on fourteen stocks and a very small percentage on the fifteenth. The 
 crops on eleven stocks at Kearney varied from as large as to 80 per 
 cent larger than the crops of the ungrafted vines. At Davis, the crops 
 on only two stocks were as large as those of the ungrafted vines. The 
 Davis vines were somewhat stinted in the matter of water and these 
 comparatively small crops probably indicate a greater sensitiveness 
 to drought on the part of grafted vines. 
 
 Judging by the above records, good results may be expected with 
 any of the stocks listed. Taking all points into consideration, perhaps 
 the best are 3309, 1202, 101-14, and A. x R. No. 1. The last showed 
 some defect of vigor. St. George was among the poorest, but at 
 Kearney gave the same crop as the ungrafted vines. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXII 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 Sultana, 36.0, on 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 A.xE.No.l 
 
 Davis 
 
 78 
 
 82 
 
 73 
 
 1.4 
 
 21.7 
 
 42.8 
 
 4 IB 
 
 Davis 
 
 19 
 
 108 
 
 73 
 
 0.0 
 
 22.2 
 
 34.7 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 38 
 
 100 
 
 72 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.5 
 
 32.4 
 
 101-14 
 
 Davis 
 
 55 
 
 91 
 
 70 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 27.1 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 56 
 
 83 
 
 58 
 
 1.4 
 
 25.1 
 
 25.3 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 100 
 
 70 
 
 1.4 
 
 24.4 
 
 23.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 55 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.8 
 
 23.0 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 68 
 
 97 
 
 70 
 
 1.9 
 
 25.5 
 
 17.4 
 
 R. Gloire 
 
 Kearney 
 
 ... 
 
 
 
 10.0 
 
 
 71.9 
 
 41-B 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 53.1 
 
 1202 
 
 Kearney 
 
 ... 
 
 
 .... 
 
 8.3 
 
 
 51.1 
 
 420-A 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 48.9 
 
 St. George 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 44.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 41.6 
 
 101-14 
 
 Kearney 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 0.0 
 
 
 37.8 
 
 The Sultana has borne very well on nearly all resistant stocks and 
 the durability of the grafted vines has been excellent, with two excep- 
 tions. The records of 41-B and A. x R. No. 1 are excellent on all 
 points. The exceptionally large crops and high death rate on R. gloire 
 at Kearney and the signs of lack of vigor at Davis indicate that this 
 stock is unsafe. 
 
 TABLE XXIII 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 attier de Beirul 
 
 Nu 
 L , on 
 
 rsery % 
 
 93-5 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 .... 
 
 A.xR.No. 1 
 
 Davis 
 
 29 
 
 A.xR.No.9 
 
 Davis 
 
 49 
 
 333 E. M. 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 A.xE.No.l 
 
 93-5 
 
 106-8 
 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 Kearney 
 
 
 igor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 73 
 
 
 24.6 
 
 19.2 
 
 90 
 
 6.2 
 
 21.9 
 
 18.5 
 
 82 
 
 2.7 
 
 19.3 
 
 18.2 
 
 75 
 
 1.4 
 
 21.0 
 
 16.8 
 
 85 
 
 7.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 14.9 
 
 65 
 
 2.8 
 
 20.9 
 
 14.7 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 18.0 
 
 30.6 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 17.5 
 
 27.6 
 
 
 2.0 
 
 19.0 
 
 10.7 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 125 
 
 From this record, the A. x R. No. 1, 93-5, and A. x R. No. 9 appear 
 to be the best stocks. The death rate and the crop of the other stocks 
 tested are defective. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXIV 
 
 
 
 
 Emperor, 30.9, 
 
 on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 86 
 
 80 
 
 0.0 
 
 18.8 
 
 37.7 
 
 A.xE.No.l 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 76 
 
 83 
 
 2.8 
 
 18.4 
 
 36.7 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 62 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 0.0 
 
 17.9 
 
 34.7 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 76 
 
 77 
 
 3.3 
 
 19.2 
 
 30.1 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 95 
 
 83 
 
 2.8 
 
 17.7 
 
 26.0 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 105 
 
 82 
 
 0.0 
 
 18.3 
 
 25.4 
 
 E. Martin 
 
 Davis 
 
 55 
 
 87 
 
 85 
 
 0.0 
 
 19.7 
 
 21.4 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 15 
 
 92 
 
 75 
 
 0.0 
 
 17.6 
 
 21.1 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 89 
 
 83 
 
 3.3 
 
 17.2 
 
 21.0 
 
 The Emperor, like the Cornichon, has done so well on many stocks 
 that it is hard to choose the best. The Rip. x Rnp., 3309, and 3306 
 have perhaps the best records. A. x R. No. 1 and Rip. gloire are also 
 good though the latter has a rather high death rate. 
 
 The Emperor has failed on nearly all resistant stocks, according 
 to Mr. F. T. Swett, in the Alhambra Valley in Contra Costa County, 
 but in San Joaquin County it has done well on Rip. gloire. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXV 
 
 
 
 
 Cornichon, 30.5, 
 
 on 
 
 Nursery 
 
 % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 
 89 
 
 67 
 
 2.8 
 
 18.7 
 
 43.1 
 
 Tok. x Eup. 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 18.5 
 
 42.1 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 
 78 
 
 70 
 
 2.8 
 
 19.7 
 
 36.2 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 25 
 
 
 86 
 
 80 
 
 0.0 
 
 18.7 
 
 35.5 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 
 
 Davis 
 
 15 
 
 
 72 
 
 80 
 
 0.0 
 
 19.0 
 
 35.4 
 
 E. Martin 
 
 Davis 
 
 40 
 
 
 87 
 
 75 
 
 0.0 
 
 19.3 
 
 34.0 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 
 97 
 
 79 
 
 5.6 
 
 19.1 
 
 32.2 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 
 88 
 
 67 
 
 11.1 
 
 18.6 
 
 31.7 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 
 91 
 
 77 
 
 0.0 
 
 19.1 
 
 30.5 
 
 101-14 
 
 Davis 
 
 30 
 
 
 84 
 
 65 
 
 0.0 
 
 19.1 
 
 29.2 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 
 94 
 
 50 
 
 2.8 
 
 19.4 
 
 29.0 
 
 106-8 
 
 Davis 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 18.2 
 
 16.3 
 
 The best stock for Cornichon is difficult to choose from this table. 
 Any of the following would probably be safe: 3309, 3306, 41-B, R. 
 Martin, and St. George. The death rates of 3309 and 3306 are a little 
 high while the nursery rate of 41-B is low. On the whole, R. Martin 
 is probably the best. No stock has a very good nursery record, but 
 all except 106-8 gave good crops. The Cornichon appears suited to 
 most stocks though A. x R. No. 9 and 1202 are doubtful. 
 
 The record of Tokay indicates that it is a difficult variety to grow 
 on resistant stock, judging by the high death rate on all stocks. This 
 high death rate is at least partly due to several severe autumn frosts 
 which killed many even of the ungrafted vines. The death rate of the 
 
126 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 ungrafted vines was as high as the average of the grafted. For this 
 reason, it seems safe to recommend 3309 for Tokay and also 41-B if its 
 low nursery percentage can be improved. 
 
 ToTcay, 23.6, on 
 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 37 
 
 95 
 
 83 
 
 13.6 
 
 20.6 
 
 47.7 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 27 
 
 98 
 
 83 
 
 8.3 
 
 21.3 
 
 47.1 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 60 
 
 80 
 
 83 
 
 5.8 
 
 21.0 
 
 40.0 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 22 
 
 93 
 
 83 
 
 4.2 
 
 20.8 
 
 39.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 42 
 
 82 
 
 83 
 
 4.6 
 
 20.9 
 
 36.3 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 55 
 
 78 
 
 70 
 
 7.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 22.2 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 94 
 
 73 
 
 3.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 38 
 
 .... 
 
 
 17.0 
 
 18.5 
 
 12.5 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXVII 
 
 
 
 
 Malaga, 39.6, on 
 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 5 
 
 88 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 21.3 
 
 41.6 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 15 
 
 89 
 
 67 
 
 0.0 
 
 21.4 
 
 41.1 
 
 K. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 27 
 
 70 
 
 65 
 
 7.6 
 
 22.5 
 
 37.9 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 28 
 
 81 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.1 
 
 36.9 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 40 
 
 73 
 
 72 
 
 1.4 
 
 22.6 
 
 28.3 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 30 
 
 95 
 
 67 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 28.3 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 42 
 
 91 
 
 75 
 
 0.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 20.9 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 30 
 
 96 
 
 83 
 
 1.5 
 
 22.6 
 
 18.9 
 
 The nursery record of this variety with all stocks is poor or only 
 fair. The vineyard records of 41-B, 420-A, and 3309 are excellent. 
 The record of 3306 is fair to good in both nursery and vineyard. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXVIII 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 licante Bouschet, 28.3, on 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 63 
 
 76 
 
 82 
 
 6.1 
 
 21.9 
 
 39.6 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 69 
 
 82 
 
 3.0 
 
 21.2 
 
 36.5 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 81 
 
 85 
 
 2.1 
 
 21.6 
 
 35.5 
 
 K. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 67 
 
 65 
 
 7.5 
 
 23.3 
 
 27.9 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 72 
 
 65 
 
 4.8 
 
 22.5 
 
 27.1 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 37 
 
 74 
 
 67 
 
 5.0 
 
 22.6 
 
 21.7 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 79 
 
 73 
 
 6.0 
 
 23.1 
 
 15.1 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 This variety has the reputation of being unreliable when grafted 
 on resistant stock and our experiences at Davis indicate that it deserves 
 its reputation. The best stocks have been 41-B and 420-A. All the 
 others are doubtful, owing to their high death rate. 41-B shows an 
 excellent record in all respects and can be recommended. 
 
 The variety grown under the name of Petite Sirah in California 
 and to which the tests of Table XXIX refer does not appear to be the 
 real Petite Sirah of the Rhone Valley. According to L. O. Bonnet, 
 it is the Duriff , a heavier-bearing variety from the same region. The 
 best record is that of 3306, which is excellent in all points. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXIX 
 
 
 
 
 Petite Sirdh, 36.0, on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 70 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 33.9 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 20 
 
 93 
 
 65 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.8 
 
 32.5 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 60 
 
 89 
 
 65 
 
 1.4 
 
 25.1 
 
 29.9 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 100 
 
 75 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.5 
 
 29.6 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 
 75 
 
 2.8 
 
 24.4 
 
 28.1 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 78 
 
 95 
 
 84 
 
 4.2 
 
 23.7 
 
 27.1 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 68 
 
 77 
 
 63 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 25.9 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 103 
 
 73 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.8 
 
 17.9 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXX 
 
 
 
 
 Gros Manseno, 
 
 20.4, on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 42 
 
 100 
 
 80 
 
 4.2 
 
 24.7 
 
 12.4 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 45 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.5 
 
 11.8 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 23 
 
 90 
 
 67 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.4 
 
 9.2 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 17.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 7.8 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 96 
 
 80 
 
 3.0 
 
 23.9 
 
 7.3 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 56 
 
 104 
 
 58 
 
 2.8 
 
 25.5 
 
 5.0 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 95 
 
 83 
 
 57 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.7 
 
 4.8 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 104 
 
 57 
 
 7.0 
 
 26.1 
 
 4.3 
 
 The crops of Gros Mansenc on all stocks were much less than on 
 the ungrafted vines. The safest stock appears to be 1202. 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXXI 
 
 
 
 
 St. Maoaire, 23.6 
 
 , on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 22 
 
 100 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.5 
 
 27.0 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 70 
 
 83 
 
 83 
 
 6.3 
 
 24.3 
 
 25.8 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 55 
 
 111 
 
 67 
 
 0.0 
 
 22.9 
 
 21.6 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 48 
 
 96 
 
 79 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.1 
 
 20.7 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 107 
 
 82 
 
 0.0 
 
 23.7 
 
 19.4 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 77 
 
 88 
 
 62 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 18.0 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 67 
 
 97 
 
 67 
 
 1.7 
 
 24.6 
 
 6.2 
 
 The best records with St. Macaire are those of 41-B and 3309, 
 though their crops were not quite equal to those of 420-A and 3306. 
 The nursery rate of 420-A is very low and the death rate of 3306 high. 
 
 
 
 TAB 
 
 LE XXXII 
 
 
 
 
 Lagrain, 19.6, 
 
 on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 30 
 
 94 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.1 
 
 22.2 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 60 
 
 81 
 
 75 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.6 
 
 14.5 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 106 
 
 87 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.9 
 
 13.0 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 42 
 
 88 
 
 58 
 
 1.9 
 
 24.5 
 
 11.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 62 
 
 81 
 
 70 
 
 1.9 
 
 24.6 
 
 10.9 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 40 
 
 97 
 
 75 
 
 1.7 
 
 24.5 
 
 10.0 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 27 
 
 103 
 
 67 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.0 
 
 8.1 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 70 
 
 97 
 
 65 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.4 
 
 6.5 
 
 The only stock which has given satisfactory crops with Lagrain is 
 41-B whose record is excellent in all respects except the nursery per- 
 centage, which is low. Grafts on 3309 and 1202 are the second choice. 
 They have given good returns in the nursery but have borne less than 
 the ungrafted vines. 
 
128 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE XXXIII 
 
 aldepenas, 32.7, 
 
 on 
 
 Nursery % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 60 
 
 94 
 
 79 
 
 7.1 
 
 24.4 
 
 25.0 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 81 
 
 80 
 
 4.2 
 
 25.1 
 
 19.1 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Davis 
 
 82 
 
 87 
 
 82 
 
 4.2 
 
 25.4 
 
 18.3 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 90 
 
 87 
 
 5.7 
 
 25.2 
 
 17.9 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 88 
 
 82 
 
 72 
 
 2.0 
 
 26.3 
 
 17.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 80 
 
 82 
 
 3.0 
 
 26.1 
 
 14.7 
 
 K. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 80 
 
 72 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 91 
 
 82 
 
 4.5 
 
 26.9 
 
 8.0 
 
 This variety is remarkable for its high nursery per cent and its 
 high death rate. Success in the nursery does not necessarily mean 
 success in the vineyard. Only the R. gloire has a low death rate but 
 its crops are poor. The best record is perhaps that of 41-B or that 
 of 3309. 
 
 TABLE XXXIV 
 
 imillon, 22.2 
 
 !, on 
 
 Nursery 
 
 % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 3309 
 
 Davis 
 
 75 
 
 
 78 
 
 79 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.1 
 
 17.5 
 
 420-A 
 
 Davis 
 
 47 
 
 
 95 
 
 87 
 
 1.4 
 
 23.7 
 
 16.8 
 
 3306 
 
 Davis 
 
 35 
 
 
 83 
 
 79 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.0 
 
 15.3 
 
 1202 
 
 Davis 
 
 23 
 
 
 90 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 26.1 
 
 12.8 
 
 E. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 
 74 
 
 67 
 
 1.4 
 
 25.9 
 
 12.6 
 
 41-B 
 
 Davis 
 
 17 
 
 
 
 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.3 
 
 10.5 
 
 St. George Davis 47 84 72 0.0 25.6 6.7 
 
 The crops of Semillon have been lower on all stocks than on its own 
 roots. The best stocks have been 3309 and 420-A. 
 
 
 
 
 TABLE XXXV 
 
 
 
 
 ilomino 
 
 , 36.0 
 
 on 
 
 Nursery 
 
 % 
 
 St. : Sc. 
 
 Vigor 
 
 Death rate 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Crop 
 
 420-A 
 
 
 Davis 
 
 15 
 
 
 84 
 
 82 
 
 3.3 
 
 24.2 
 
 55.2 
 
 3309 
 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 
 76 
 
 87 
 
 1.4 
 
 25.5 
 
 34.2 
 
 3306 
 
 
 Davis 
 
 40 
 
 
 70 
 
 82 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.4 
 
 29.3 
 
 41-B 
 
 
 Davis 
 
 22 
 
 
 88 
 
 80 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.3 
 
 22.8 
 
 B. Gloire 
 
 Davis 
 
 50 
 
 
 93 
 
 82 
 
 1.9 
 
 25.3 
 
 15.1 
 
 1202 
 
 
 Davis 
 
 65 
 
 
 105 
 
 83 
 
 0.0 
 
 24.2 
 
 14.9 
 
 St. George 
 
 Davis 
 
 72 
 
 
 88 
 
 87 
 
 0.0 
 
 25.5 
 
 10.6 
 
 The Palomino is one of the most robust and fruitful vines grown 
 and on some of the stocks it retains these characteristics. It has been 
 exceptionally fruitful on 420-A, but unfortunately its nursery record 
 is very low on this stock. Its death rate also is somewhat high so that 
 this combination is doubtful. The safest stocks seem to be 3309 and 
 3306. ! |;| I'iW?! 
 
 Table XXXVI shows the three stocks which can be recommended 
 for each variety on the basis of the data available. The list includes 
 twelve stocks, but five of them occur only once, and one of them only 
 twice. Another, 1202, occurs three times, but with one exception only 
 as a second or third choice. It is possible, therefore, to reduce the 
 stocks recommended for the eighteen varieties given to four, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 129 
 
 Chasselas x Berlandieri 41-B for Muscat, Black Corinth, Sultana, 
 Cornichon, Tokay, Alicante Bouschet, Gross Mansenc, and St. Macaire. 
 
 Riparia x Rupestris 3309 for Sultanina (Thompson), Emperor, 
 Malaga, Lagrain, Valdepenas, Semillon, and Palomino. 
 
 Riparia x Rupestris 3306 for White Corinth and Petite Sirah 
 (Duriff). 
 
 Aramon x Rupestris No. 1 for Dattier de Beirut. 
 
 TABLE XXXVI 
 
 Stocks Recommended for Each Scion Variety 
 
 First 
 
 Muscat 
 
 41-B 
 
 Corinth, Black 41-B 
 
 Corinth, White 3306 
 
 Sultanina 3309 
 
 Sultana 41-B 
 
 Dattier de Beirut A. x E. No. 9 
 
 Emperor 3309 
 
 Cornichon R. Martin 
 
 Tokay 41-B 
 
 Malaga 3309 
 
 Alicante Bouschet 41-B 
 
 Gros Mansenc 1202 
 
 Petite Sirah (Duriff) 3306 
 
 St. Macaire 41-B 
 
 Lagrain 3309 
 
 Valdepenas 3309 
 
 Semillon : 3309 
 
 Palomino 3309 
 
 Second 
 420-A 
 R. Gloire 
 St. George 
 1202 
 
 A. x R. No. 
 A. x R. No. 
 3306 
 
 St. George 
 3309 
 3306 
 420-A 
 41-B 
 420-A 
 3309 
 41-B 
 41-B 
 420-A 
 3306 
 
 Third 
 101-14 
 A. x R. No. 1 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 
 
 420-A 
 
 93-5 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 
 
 41-B 
 
 420-A 
 
 41-B 
 
 420-A 
 1202 
 
 3306 
 41-B 
 
 These summaries indicate that three varieties of resistant stock 
 will supply the needs of all our common varieties of raisin and table 
 grapes (Dattier is still little grown). 
 
 (6) Best stocks for general use: As many other varieties are 
 grown on a smaller scale, it is desirable to know what stock is most 
 likely to give good results with a variety on which we have no data. 
 Figure 11 has been prepared for this purpose. 
 
 This figure represents the comparative results obtained with the 
 seven principal stocks in the most important matters, i.e., crop, dura- 
 bility in the vineyard, and the percentage of No. 1 grafts obtained 
 in the nursery. The record of each stock is given with each of the 
 same ten scion varieties. 
 
 The black blocks represent the total returns for each stock with 
 the ten scions. Each step in a block represents the return of a stock 
 with a single scion variety. The black areas therefore represent the 
 average standing of each stock and the steps the amount of variation. 
 
 This figure shows that the best stocks, if we consider all three 
 bases of comparison, in regard to their degree and their regularity, 
 are 3309, 3306, and Rip. gloire. The well-proved unreliability of the 
 
130 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 last stock when planted on any but the best soil abundantly supplied 
 with water should incline us to reject it in favor of one of the others 
 in most instances. 
 
 The largest average crops were produced on 420-A and 41-B, but 
 their low nursery returns are a great defect. That this is not a vital 
 objection, however, can be shown by comparing their record with 
 that of Rup. St. George. While only a little more than half the per- 
 centage of bench grafts were obtained in the nursery with these stocks 
 as with St. George, they produced more than twice as much crop in 
 
 1 420A 
 
 41 B 
 
 3309 || 3306 | R. Gloire 
 
 1202 
 
 St. George 
 
 HL Z.4-5 
 
 ■ Z13 
 
 I CROP 
 
 H 160 
 
 too 
 
 ^^ 21 & 
 
 193 
 
 a 166 
 
 86 
 
 ^^^^ 93 
 
 1 D U 
 
 RABI I^I T"> 
 
 \^^~83 
 
 l^^ 89 
 
 W^^^L a£ 
 
 •Bfcj* 7 
 
 
 1 II 1 1 1 
 
 I 1 
 
 
 
 UfktftJ f J£i sH f fe'^HB si 31 ?Xtl 3ICH lfiT*i Hi 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 L 34 
 
 50 
 
 58 
 
 54 
 
 61 
 
 Fig. 11. — Record of seven principal stocks with ten scions. 
 
 the vineyard. Therefore, even though the grafted vines for planting 
 cost twice as much, they would be much more profitable to plant, for 
 if only half the number were planted they would cost no more and 
 would produce a larger crop. 
 
 It is very probable that with experience a skillful nurseryman could 
 improve on our methods and increase the nursery percentage. If this 
 were done, these stocks, especially 41-B, would probably be the best 
 stocks for general use that one could choose. 
 
 In the meanwhile, Rip. x Rup. 3309 and Rip. x Rup. 3306 can be 
 highly recommended as excellent stocks for general purposes for the 
 San Joaquin and Sacramento Valley vineyards and there is strong 
 evidence that Rupestris St. George should be abandoned in their favor. 
 Mourvedre x Rup. 1202 seems to be only a little better than St. George. 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 131 
 
 TABLE X 
 
 Durability of Grafted Vines 
 (All combinations, Davis) 
 
 Growing 
 
 Combination Planted 
 1911 
 Alicante Bouschet on 
 
 41-B 12 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 3309 10 
 
 3306 12 
 
 St. George 17 
 
 1202 23 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 24 
 
 Totals and mean % 110 
 
 Alicante Ganzin on 
 
 St. George 5 
 
 Beba on 
 
 Lenoir 11 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 23 
 
 3309 12 
 
 3306 7 
 
 41-B 6 
 
 1202 11 
 
 Totals and mean % 70 
 Black Corinth on 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 14 
 
 St. George 9 
 
 41-B 24 
 
 Totals and mean % 47 
 White Corinth on 
 
 3306 12 
 
 St. George : 12 
 
 Totals and mean % 
 Cornichon on 
 
 St. George 
 
 E. Martin 
 
 101-14 : 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 
 
 41.B 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 
 
 3309 
 
 3306 
 
 1202 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 
 
 Totals and mean % 
 Dattier de Beirut on 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 
 
 420-A 
 
 41-B 
 
 333 E. M 
 
 24 
 
 6 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 55 
 
 24 
 48 
 12 
 12 
 12 
 
 1912 
 
 * 
 
 Death rate, 
 loss per cent 
 
 Stand 
 
 1917 
 
 per annum 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 2.1 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 3.0 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 4.8 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 5.0 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 6.0 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 6.1 
 
 20 
 
 11 
 
 7.5 
 
 89 
 
 68 
 
 43 
 
 12 
 9 
 
 21 
 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 6 
 
 52 
 
 24 
 43 
 12 
 10 
 11 
 
 60 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 19 
 
 6 
 3 
 5 
 3 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 2 
 
 43 
 
 22 
 
 36 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 8.3 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 3.0 
 
 22 
 
 14 
 
 6.0 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 7.0 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 7.1 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
 8.3 
 
 10 
 
 3 
 
 11.7 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 22 
 
 20 
 
 1.5 
 
 1.4 
 1.9 
 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 2.8 
 5.6 
 11.1 
 
 1.4 
 
 2.7 
 2.8 
 6.2 
 7.6 
 
 Totals and mean % 108 
 
 100 
 
 83 
 
132 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE X— (Continued) 
 
 Growing 
 
 Combination Planted 
 1911 
 Emperor on 
 
 E. Martin 11 
 
 3309 9 
 
 1202 8 
 
 3306 4 
 
 420-A 3 
 
 Lenoir 6 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 8 
 
 St. George 10 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 7 
 
 Totals and mean % 66 
 Lagrain on 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 1202 12 
 
 3309 12 
 
 41-B 12 
 
 Lenoir 10 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 12 
 
 3306 12 
 
 Totals and mean % 94 
 
 Malaga on 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 Lenoir 12 
 
 3309 8 
 
 41-B 2 
 
 420-A 6 
 
 3306 12 
 
 1202 11 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 11 
 
 Totals and mean % 74 
 St. Macaire on 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 24 
 
 1202 24 
 
 3309 7 
 
 420-A 8 
 
 41-B 16 
 
 St. George 22 
 
 3306 17 
 
 Totals and mean % 118 
 Muscat on 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 41-B 24 
 
 Lenoir 6 
 
 157-11 2 
 
 101-14 24 
 
 3309 11 
 
 E. Martin 9 
 
 1202 13 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 13 
 
 3306 24 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 11 
 
 St. George 4 
 
 Totals and mean % 153 
 
 1912 
 
 » 
 
 Death rate, 
 loss per cent 
 
 Stand 
 
 1917 
 
 per annum 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 0.0 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 0.0 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2.8 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 2.8 
 
 10 
 
 8 
 
 3.3 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3.3 
 
 59 
 
 54 
 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0.0 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 0.0 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 1.7 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 1.9 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 1.9 
 
 70 
 
 67 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 11 
 
 10 
 
 1.5 
 
 11 
 
 6 
 
 7.6 
 
 71 
 
 64 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 0.0 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 0.0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0.0 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 0.0 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 
 0.0 
 
 10 
 
 9 
 
 1.7 
 
 8 
 
 5 
 
 6.3 
 
 71 
 
 67 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 0.0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0.0 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 20 
 
 20 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 1.9 
 
 13 
 
 8 
 
 6.4 
 
 13 
 
 5 
 
 10.2 
 
 24 
 
 14 
 
 7.0 
 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 5.0 
 
 2 
 
 .... 
 
 .... 
 
 143 
 
 114 
 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 133 
 
 TABLE X— (Continued) 
 
 Growins 
 
 Combination Planted 
 1911 
 Flame Muscat on 
 
 St. George 24 
 
 Gros Mansenc on 
 
 Riparia Gloire 24 
 
 1202 14 
 
 St. George 15 
 
 Lenoir 12 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 41-B 12 
 
 3306 9 
 
 3309 8 
 
 Totals and mean % 106 
 
 Palomino on 
 
 St. George 17 
 
 1202 10 
 
 3306 12 
 
 41-B 7 
 
 3309 16 
 
 Riparia Gloire 10 
 
 420-A 5 
 
 Totals and mean % 77 
 
 Pierce on 
 
 St. George 11 
 
 Semillon on 
 
 1202 6 
 
 3306 11 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 3309 24 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 Riparia Gloire 12 
 
 Lenoir 11 
 
 Totals and mean % 88 
 
 Petite Sirah on 
 
 3309 12 
 
 3306 12 
 
 420-A 12 
 
 41-B 8 
 
 St. George 16 
 
 Riparia Gloire 12 
 
 Lenoir 12 
 
 1202 12 
 
 Totals and mean % 96 
 
 Sultana on 
 
 3306 12 
 
 41-B 17 
 
 - 101-14 12 
 
 420-A 7 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 12 
 
 1202 12 
 
 Riparia Gloire 12 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 Totals and mean % 96 
 
 1912 
 
 1 
 
 Death rate, 
 loss per cent 
 
 Stand 
 
 1917 
 
 per annum 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 2.6 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 0.0 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 7 
 
 2.1 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 2.8 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 3.0 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 4.2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 17.0 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 0.0 
 
 58 
 
 68 
 
 11 
 
 51 
 
 13 
 
 13 
 
 0.0 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 1.9 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 
 3.3 
 
 65 
 
 11 
 
 0.0 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 0.0 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 0.0 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0.0 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 10 
 
 
 .... 
 
 73 
 
 61 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 2.8 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 4.2 
 
 93 
 
 87 
 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 0.0 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 0.0 
 
 6 
 
 6 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 12 
 
 11 
 
 1.4 
 
 9 
 
 8 
 
 1.9 
 
 91 
 
 87 
 
134 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE X— (Concluded) 
 
 Growing 
 
 Combination Planted 
 1911 
 Sultanina on 
 
 101-14 : 12 
 
 A. i E. No. 1 12 
 
 420-A 8 
 
 Lenoir 8 
 
 K. Martin 8 
 
 1202 12 
 
 3306 12 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 Kiparia Gloire 3 
 
 Totals and mean % 87 
 Tokay on 
 
 St. George 12 
 
 41-B 8 
 
 3306 12 
 
 3309 24 
 
 Kiparia Gloire 12 
 
 420-A 8 
 
 Lenoir 12 
 
 1202 _8 
 
 Totals and mean % 96 
 Valdepefias on 
 
 Kiparia Gloire 24 
 
 3309 24 
 
 3306 24 
 
 Lenoir 24 
 
 41-B 16 
 
 St. George 24 
 
 1202 24 
 
 420-A __8 
 
 Totals and mean % 168 
 
 1912 
 
 "\ 
 
 Death rate, 
 loss per cent 
 
 Stand 
 
 1917 
 
 per annum 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 12 
 
 12 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 
 0.0 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 0.0 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 0.0 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 0.0 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 0.0 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 3.0 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 4.2 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 4.6 
 
 23 
 
 17 
 
 5.8 
 
 12 
 
 7 
 
 7.0 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 8.3 
 
 11 
 
 2 
 
 13.6 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 17.0 
 
 92 
 
 53 
 
 
 14 
 
 14 
 
 0.0 
 
 17 
 
 15 
 
 2.0 
 
 22 
 
 18 
 
 3.0 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 4.2 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 4.2 
 
 22 
 
 16 
 
 4.5 
 
 23 
 
 14 
 
 5.7 
 
 7 
 
 4 
 
 7.1 
 
 129 
 
 99 
 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 135 
 
 TABLE XI 
 
 Durability of Grafted Vines 
 
 (Kearney Experiment Vineyard) 
 
 Combination Vines planted Vines growing 
 
 1912-1913 1916-1917 
 
 Black Corinth on 
 
 41-B 5 5 
 
 3306 3 3 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 6 5 
 
 White Corinth on 
 
 St. George 1 1 
 
 3306 13 13 
 
 420-A 3 
 
 Dattier de Beirut on 
 
 93-5 11 11 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 6 6 
 
 106-8 37 34 
 
 Sultana on 
 
 101-14 3 3 
 
 St. George 10 10 
 
 3306 8 8 
 
 420-A 14 14 
 
 1202 12 7 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 2 1 
 
 41-B 20 . 20 
 
 Sultanina on 
 
 1616 2 2 
 
 E. Martin 7 7 
 
 3309 5 5 
 
 Lenoir 6 6 
 
 Tokay x Eupestris 8 8 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 3 3 
 
 St. George 14 14 
 
 101-14 17 17 
 
 1202 10 10 
 
 3306 14 13 
 
 Muscat on 
 
 A. x E. No. 1 10 10 
 
 106-8 6 6 
 
 333 E. M 22 21 
 
 420-A 33 30 
 
 3309 32 25 
 
 St. George 84 55 
 
 93-5 6 2 
 
 A. x E. No. 9 6 2 
 
 Tokay x Eupestris 6 
 
 101-14 3 
 
 Death rate 
 loss per cent 
 per annum 
 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 3.3 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 20.0 
 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 2.0 
 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 8.3 
 10.0 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 0.0 
 1.7 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.0 
 
 0.9 
 
 1.8 
 
 4.4 
 
 6.9 
 
 13.3 
 
 13.3 
 
 20.0 
 
 20.0 
 
136 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE XII 
 
 Crops op Various Varieties on Various Stocks 
 Experiment Vineyard, Davis, Calif. 
 Pouru 
 
 Variety 
 Alicante Bouschet 
 
 1202 
 
 420-A 
 
 41-B 
 
 Eiparia Gloire .... 
 
 3309 
 
 3306 
 
 St. George 
 
 Alicante Ganzin 
 
 St. George 
 
 Corinth, Black 
 
 Eiparia Gloire .... 
 
 41-B 
 
 St. George 
 
 Corinth, White 
 
 3306 
 
 St. George 
 
 Cornichon 
 
 3309 
 
 Tok. x Rup 
 
 3306 ..... 
 
 41-B 
 
 A. x R. G. No. 1 .. 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 1202 
 
 A. x R. G. No. 9 .. 
 
 St. George 
 
 101-14 
 
 R. Gloire 
 
 106-8 
 
 Dattier de Beyreuth 
 
 93-5 
 
 41-B 
 
 A. x R. G. No. 1 .. 
 
 A. x R. G. No. 9 .. 
 
 333 E. M 
 
 420-A 
 
 Emperor 
 
 3306 
 
 A. x R. G. No. 1 .. 
 
 3309 
 
 R. Gloire 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 1202 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 420-A 
 
 St. George 
 
 Gros Mansenc 
 
 41.B 
 
 1202 
 
 3309 
 
 3306 
 
 420-A 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 Riparia Gloire 
 
 St. George 
 
 * The figures in italic 
 the ungrafted vines. 
 
 1914 
 16.02 
 15.75 
 12.86 
 10.82 
 
 8.98 
 14.20 
 
 7.79 
 
 7.91 
 
 6.75 
 
 3.44 
 1.43 
 
 2.09 
 
 2.06 
 
 .83 
 
 .80 
 
 6.54 
 
 5.21 
 1.92 
 4.37 
 3.15 
 
 1.18 
 
 .67 
 
 1.44 
 
 1.33 
 
 rids per 
 
 vine* 
 
 
 Mean, 1915-1917 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Balling 
 
 17.70 
 
 46.05 
 
 21.17 
 
 28.31 
 
 
 18.79 
 
 49.34 
 
 50.78 
 
 39.64 
 
 22.3 
 
 21.90 
 
 38.13 
 
 49.38 
 
 36.47 
 
 21.6 
 
 14.00 
 
 46.71 
 
 45.68 
 
 35.46 
 
 21.9 
 
 16.23 
 
 34.00 
 
 33.52 
 
 27.92 
 
 23.9 
 
 14.80 
 
 30.00 
 
 36.45 
 
 27.08 
 
 21.9 
 
 9.63 
 
 21.14 
 
 34.22 
 
 21.66 
 
 23.5 
 
 8.38 
 
 9.15 
 
 27.75 
 
 15.09 
 
 22.9 
 
 
 5.13 
 
 
 5.13 
 
 4.82 
 
 22"o 
 
 2.69 
 
 16.88 
 
 17.00 
 
 12.19 
 
 30.4 
 
 1.40 
 
 13.14 
 
 10.48 
 
 ,8.34 
 
 26.0 
 
 
 4.56 
 
 4.44 
 
 4.50 
 
 31.1 
 
 5.51 
 
 18.18 
 
 13.80 
 
 12.50 
 
 
 1.92 
 
 27.38 
 
 10.08 
 
 13.13 
 
 27.7 
 
 .63 
 
 12.20 
 
 6.60 
 
 6.48 
 
 29.8 
 
 13.46 
 
 50.22 
 
 27.95 
 
 30.54 
 
 
 19.60 
 
 68.80 
 
 40.75 
 
 43.05 
 
 18.2 
 
 
 37.00 
 
 47.25 
 
 42.13 
 
 18.3 
 
 21.60 
 
 52.42 
 
 34.42 
 
 36.15 
 
 17.9 
 
 18.40 
 
 62.20 
 
 25.85 
 
 35.48 
 
 17.8 
 
 15.00 
 
 55.25 
 
 36.08 
 
 35.44 
 
 18.3 
 
 8.33 
 
 54.50 
 
 39.17 
 
 34.00 
 
 18.7 
 
 10.83 
 
 53.60 
 
 32.17 
 
 32.20 
 
 18.3 
 
 9.67 
 
 55.06 
 
 30.50 
 
 31.74 
 
 18.0 
 
 4.67 
 
 55.29 
 
 31.50 
 
 30.49 
 
 18.7 
 
 6.20 
 
 52.42 
 
 28.88 
 
 29.17 
 
 17.9 
 
 12.60 
 
 45.71 
 
 28.67 
 
 28.99 
 
 18.6 
 
 
 16.25 
 
 
 16.25 
 
 17.5 
 
 13.94 
 
 29.71 
 
 13.88 
 
 19.18 
 
 22.7 
 
 8.90 
 
 23.77 
 
 22.70 
 
 18.46 
 
 21.6 
 
 14.92 
 
 27.51 
 
 12.20 
 
 18.21 
 
 22.6 
 
 13.14 
 
 26.32 
 
 10.92 
 
 16.79 
 
 21.8 
 
 7.67 
 
 27.04 
 
 10.00 
 
 14.90 
 
 20.0 
 
 10.60 
 
 20.45 
 
 12.91 
 
 14.65 
 
 22.0 
 
 21.11 
 
 40.28 
 
 31.31 
 
 30.90 
 
 
 10.75 
 
 59.25 
 
 43.19 
 
 37.73 
 
 19.7 
 
 10.25 
 
 65.75 
 
 34.20 
 
 36.73 
 
 18.6 
 
 7.50 
 
 48.03 
 
 48.66 
 
 34.73 
 
 18.9 
 
 3.80 
 
 54.30 
 
 32.15 
 
 30.08 
 
 20.3 
 
 4.14 
 
 54.83 
 
 19.13 
 
 26.03 
 
 17.9 
 
 3.00 
 
 42.63 
 
 30.63 
 
 25.42 
 
 17.8 
 
 1.67 
 
 41.58 
 
 20.90 
 
 21.38 
 
 19.5 
 
 5.00 
 
 31.97 
 
 26.26 
 
 21.08 
 
 17.7 
 
 2.13 
 
 38.73 
 
 22.00 
 
 20.95 
 
 19.0 
 
 22.86 
 
 21.10 
 
 17.36 
 
 20.44 
 
 
 5.33 
 
 16.08 
 
 15.67 
 
 12.36 
 
 25.7 
 
 3.85 
 
 17.15 
 
 14.23 
 
 11.78 
 
 26.5 
 
 1.00 
 
 16.40 
 
 10.05 
 
 9.15 
 
 25.8 
 
 
 8.75 
 
 6.75 
 
 7.75 
 
 26.5 
 
 2.11 
 
 10.13 
 
 9.56 
 
 7.27 
 
 27.2 
 
 2.67 
 
 6.35 
 
 5.91 
 
 4.98 
 
 26.2 
 
 2.67 
 
 7.48 
 
 4.27 
 
 4.81 
 
 26.4 
 
 5.00 
 
 4.21 
 
 3.56 
 
 4.26 
 
 26.6 
 
 ime of ( 
 
 sach scion 
 
 variety give 
 
 the average 
 
 crops of 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 137 
 
 TABLE XII— (Continued) 
 
 Variety 1914 
 
 Lagrain 10.96 
 
 41-B 3.31 
 
 3309 3.06 
 
 1202 4.33 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 2.59 
 
 3306 1.56 
 
 420-A 2.50 
 
 Lenoir .54 
 
 St. George 2.20 
 
 Malaga 15.39 
 
 41-B 22.00 
 
 420-A 13.16 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 12.71 
 
 3309 21.20 
 
 3306 7.25 
 
 Lenoir 8.63 
 
 St. George 4.46 
 
 1202 11.45 
 
 Muscat, Flame 
 
 St. George 
 
 Muscat 
 
 41-B 5.10 
 
 420-A 8.04 
 
 A. x E. G. No. 1 9.38 
 
 101-14 6.68 
 
 157-11 4.13 
 
 3309 7.39 
 
 3306 6.88 
 
 Lenoir 6.42 
 
 1202 7.17 
 
 A. x E. G. No. 9 4.30 
 
 E. Martin 6.21 
 
 St. George 
 
 Palomino 12.50 
 
 420-A 9.94 
 
 3309 10.45 
 
 3306 8.10 
 
 41-B 10.43 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 4.41 
 
 1202 6.45 
 
 St. George 6.81 
 
 Pierce (Isabella) 
 
 Tck. x Eup 
 
 St. George 
 
 St. Macaire 11.44 
 
 420-A 4.86 
 
 3306 29.92 
 
 41-B 5.18 
 
 3309 3.83 
 
 1202 4.47 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 5.20 
 
 St. George 1.53 
 
 Pounds 
 
 per vine 
 
 
 Mean, 1915-1917 
 
 1915 
 
 1916 
 
 1917 
 
 Pounds 
 
 Balling 
 
 16.06 
 
 24.48 
 
 18.22 
 
 19.59 
 
 
 9.78 
 
 36.33 
 
 20.44 
 
 22.18 
 
 24.5 
 
 7.50 
 
 17.22 
 
 18.83 
 
 14.52 
 
 26.6 
 
 5.64 
 
 12.06 
 
 21.33 
 
 13.01 
 
 25.0 
 
 7.67 
 
 11.75 
 
 15.90 
 
 11.77 
 
 25.7 
 
 6.63 
 
 11.33 
 
 14.80 
 
 10.92 
 
 25.7 
 
 4.90 
 
 10.48 
 
 14.67 
 
 10.02 
 
 24.0 
 
 3.57 
 
 7.97 
 
 12.69 
 
 8.08 
 
 24.2 
 
 3.60 
 
 7.96 
 
 8.00 
 
 6.52 
 
 26.4 
 
 22.08 
 
 57.64 
 
 39.14 
 
 39.62 
 
 
 29.50 
 
 54.75 
 
 40.50 
 
 41.58 
 
 20.3 
 
 41.33 
 
 56.38 
 
 25.58 
 
 41.10 
 
 20.8 
 
 33.00 
 
 43.82 
 
 36.88 
 
 37.90 
 
 23.0 
 
 30.40 
 
 53.90 
 
 26.50 
 
 36.93 
 
 22.9 
 
 20.75 
 
 39.54 
 
 24.67 
 
 28.32 
 
 22.9 
 
 25.08 
 
 39.67 
 
 20.15 
 
 28.30 
 
 21.3 
 
 12.17 
 
 37.71 
 
 12.83 
 
 20.90 
 
 23.0 
 
 15.50 
 
 25.40 
 
 15.83 
 
 18.91 
 
 22.7 
 
 9.16 
 
 
 12.23 
 
 10.70 
 
 
 
 13.41 
 
 12.43 
 
 12.92 
 
 25.0 
 
 19.39 
 
 33.43 
 
 14.45 
 
 22.42 
 
 
 22.11 
 
 38.33 
 
 28.38 
 
 29.61 
 
 24.0 
 
 26.58 
 
 29.63 
 
 25.23 
 
 27.15 
 
 24.6 
 
 31.50 
 
 26.31 
 
 15.14 
 
 24.32 
 
 23.2 
 
 18.65 
 
 32.58 
 
 19.93 
 
 23.72 
 
 26.3 
 
 20.00 
 
 28.50 
 
 19.13 
 
 22.54 
 
 26.1 
 
 19.63 
 
 23.67 
 
 22.94 
 
 22.08 
 
 25.5 
 
 21.53 
 
 20.74 
 
 18.65 
 
 20.31 
 
 26.5 
 
 13.33 
 
 18.17 
 
 26.55 
 
 19.35 
 
 24.1 
 
 17.00 
 
 20.90 
 
 17.25 
 
 18.38 
 
 24.8 
 
 18.50 
 
 15.11 
 
 11.81 
 
 15.14 
 
 25.5 
 
 9.63 
 
 18.19 
 
 15.34 
 
 14.39 
 
 26.4 
 
 
 5.64 
 
 5.71 
 
 5.68 
 
 28.2 
 
 36.92 
 
 47.27 
 
 23.92 
 
 36.04 
 
 
 34.25 
 
 85.44 
 
 45.83 
 
 55.17 
 
 24.1 
 
 25.00 
 
 36.00 
 
 41.56 
 
 34.19 
 
 23.0 
 
 30.92 
 
 29.00 
 
 27.90 
 
 29.27 
 
 25.6 
 
 30.00 
 
 13.14 
 
 25.21 
 
 22.78 
 
 24.4 
 
 10.75 
 
 19.47 
 
 15.03 
 
 15.08 
 
 25.8 
 
 10.40 
 
 20.44 
 
 13.92 
 
 14.92 
 
 25.3 
 
 9.46 
 
 14.42 
 
 7.83 
 
 10.57 
 
 26.5 
 
 
 26.92 
 
 1*7.17 
 
 22.05 
 
 21.7 
 
 
 17.00 
 
 13.43 
 
 15.22 
 
 21.5 
 
 16.89 
 
 33.71 
 
 20.07 
 
 23.56 
 
 
 16.57 
 
 36.96 
 
 27.89 
 
 27.13 
 
 24.5 
 
 17.17 
 
 36.15 
 
 24.00 
 
 25.77 
 
 24.3 
 
 16.00 
 
 33.95 
 
 14.73 
 
 21.56 
 
 23.3 
 
 16.00 
 
 22.04 
 
 24.04 
 
 20.69 
 
 24.4 
 
 10.00 
 
 28.99 
 
 19.10 
 
 19.36 
 
 24.1 
 
 15.25 
 
 21.46 
 
 17.15 
 
 17.95 
 
 25.4 
 
 3.54 
 
 7.89 
 
 7.14 
 
 6.19 
 
 25.5 
 
138 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT STATION 
 
 TABLE XII— (Concluded) 
 
 Pounds per vine 
 
 A 
 
 Mean, 1915-1917 
 
 Variety 1914 1915 1916 1917 
 
 Semillon 14.12 £0.76 31.74 
 
 3309 9.83 9.32 19.87 23.29 
 
 420-A 4.48 9.17 23.14 17.94 
 
 3306 8.32 8.71 17.21 19.86 
 
 1202 4.67 9.33 19.25 9.75 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 5.82 8.45 14.91 14.40 
 
 41-B 10.50 
 
 St. George 4.70 2.50 7.80 9.85 
 
 Sirah, Pte 30.61 37.70 39.72 
 
 3306 10.32 31.33 31.48 38.88 
 
 41-B 14.16 33.75 42.86 20.14 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 10.27 25.09 32.80 31.71 
 
 420-A 5.85 26.25 38.17 24.35 
 
 Lenoir 8.33 21.70 40.89 21.63 
 
 1202 13.92 22.17 30.56 28.65 
 
 3309 7.81 26.92 26.92 23.94 
 
 St. George 4.15 12.35 20.83 20.56 
 
 Sultana 21.58 25.33 36.57 45.94 
 
 A. x E. G. No. 1 17.09 65.45 45.73 
 
 41-B 12.65 52.35 39.06 
 
 420-A 8.67 55.46 33.00 
 
 101-14 7.27 45.15 28.83 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 1.14 41.83 32.92 
 
 1202 5.33 36.36 29.82 
 
 3306 7.83 32.02 29.25 
 
 St. George 10.36 20.00 21.80 
 
 Sultanina 13.50 30.35 18.32 
 
 A. x E. G. No. 1 6.83 46.67 16.58 
 
 101-14 8.50 44.38 10.17 
 
 420-A 3.75 35.69 10.50 
 
 1202 3.18 35.89 10.45 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 5.29 29.39 9.14 
 
 Lenoir' 4.63 34.22 4.75 
 
 3306 4.00 28.46 9.17 
 
 E. Martin 1.00 30.84 7.63 
 
 St. George .60 24.75 7.75 
 
 Tokay 15.27 23.58 32.00 
 
 Lenoir 7.38 52.50 47.00 43.50 
 
 420-A 15.63 43.75 46.06 51.33 
 
 3309 14.56 33.41 45.85 40.76 
 
 41-B 16.46 47.50 41.75 30.18 
 
 3306 10.94 33.13 40.00 35.88 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 11.67 24.75 20.82 20.98 
 
 St. George 7.09 18.88 28.23 8.25 
 
 1202 5.50 12.00 19.29 
 
 Valdepeiias 12.97 19.14 44.75 34.09 
 
 420-A 10.25 20.50 28.50 26.06 
 
 41-B 5.78 10.20 23.10 23.88 
 
 Lenoir 5.15 12.20 21.30 21.33 
 
 1202 8.63 11.57 20.84 21.29 
 
 3309 8.14 8.40 23.97 21.08 
 
 3306 8.71 9.00 19.18 16.01 
 
 Eiparia Gloire 11.54 13.57 8.83 9.06 
 
 St. George 8.35 27.72 14.32 7.00 
 
 Pounds 
 22.21 
 17.49 
 16.75 
 15.26 
 12.78 
 12.59 
 10.50 
 6.72 
 
 36.01 
 33.90 
 32.25 
 29.87 
 29.59 
 28.07 
 27.13 
 25.93 
 17.91 
 
 35.95 
 42.76 
 34.69 
 32.38 
 27.08 
 25.30 
 23.84 
 23.03 
 17.39 
 
 20.72 
 23.36 
 21.02 
 16.65 
 16.51 
 14.61 
 14.53 
 13.88 
 13.16 
 11.03 
 
 23.62 
 47.67 
 47.05 
 40.01 
 39.81 
 36.34 
 22.18 
 18.45 
 12.26 
 
 32.66 
 25.02 
 19.06 
 18.28 
 17.90 
 17.82 
 14.73 
 10.49 
 8.01 
 
 Balling 
 
 25.9 
 25.5 
 27.0 
 26.2 
 26.8 
 26.9 
 26.4 
 
 24.2 
 22.0 
 23.5 
 21.9 
 22.2 
 23.1 
 22.0 
 24.8 
 
 21.4 
 20.6 
 22.5 
 22.4 
 23.2 
 22.3 
 23.2 
 22.5 
 
 24.2 
 24.2 
 25.0 
 25.1 
 26.4 
 24.6 
 25.3 
 24.5 
 25.7 
 
 21.1 
 20.5 
 21.6 
 21.2 
 22.0 
 23.0 
 21.6 
 21.5 
 
 25.6 
 26.1 
 26.2 
 26.4 
 26.7 
 27.2 
 27.3 
 28.8 
 
Bulletin 331] 
 
 PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT STOCKS 
 
 139 
 
 TABLE XIII 
 
 Crop of Raisin Varieties on Various Stocks 
 Experiment Vineyard, Kearney, California 
 
 Variety and stock 
 
 Muscat (1) 
 
 93-5 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 
 
 St. George 
 
 A. x R. No. 9 
 
 333 E. M 
 
 420-A 
 
 3309 
 
 106-8 
 
 101-14 
 
 Tok. x Rup 
 
 Means grafted 
 
 1914 
 
 15.6 
 
 20.9 
 
 17.5 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.8 
 
 9.8 
 
 10.6 
 
 9.4 
 
 8.0 
 
 Sultanina (2) ■ 
 
 Lenoir 
 
 1202 
 
 3306 
 
 3309 
 
 1616 
 
 A. x R. No. 9 
 
 101-14 
 
 Tok. x Rup 
 
 St. George 
 
 R. Martin 
 
 A. x R. No. 1 
 
 Means grafted 
 
 Sultana 
 
 Riparia Gloire .... 
 
 41-B 
 
 420-A 
 
 1202 
 
 St. George 
 
 3306 
 
 101-14 
 
 Means grafted 
 
 Corinth, Black 
 
 41-B 
 
 3306 
 
 Riparia Gloire 
 
 Means grafted .. 
 
 Corinth, White 
 
 3306 
 
 St. George 
 
 Means grafted - 
 
 Pounds of grapes per vine 
 
 1915 
 21.1 
 28.7 
 22.6 
 16.5 
 8.8 
 20.4 
 16.7 
 21.5 
 19.8 
 
 1916 
 24.9 
 35.0 
 37.1 
 25.1 
 34.8 
 26.6 
 26.8 
 24.9 
 18.7 
 
 1917 
 14.5 
 10.1 
 
 9.6 
 16.8 
 17.0 
 13.6 
 14.6 
 
 9.5 
 11.4 
 
 ie 
 
 
 Mean, 
 
 
 
 1914- 
 1919 
 
 1918 
 
 1919 
 
 15.9 
 
 20.4 
 
 18.7 
 
 20.5 
 
 '8.7 
 
 20.7 
 
 11.7 
 
 10.9 
 
 18.2 
 
 14.7 
 
 8.7 
 
 16.0 
 
 24.5 
 
 14.5 
 
 18.6 
 
 15.3 
 
 9.5 
 
 15.9 
 
 13.9 
 
 8.8 
 
 15.3 
 
 9.3 
 
 4.8 
 
 13.2 
 
 4.0 
 
 2.8 
 
 10.8 
 
 
 
 
 
 io"o 
 
 ii'6 
 
 
 12.8 
 
 19.4 
 
 28.5 
 
 12.6 
 
 13.4 
 39.1 
 
 8.2 
 32.0 
 
 16.1 
 
 
 53.5 
 
 81.1 
 
 59.8 
 
 41.0 
 
 48.0 
 
 56.7 
 
 36.1 
 
 49.5 
 
 51.2 
 
 58.7 
 
 41.0 
 
 38.0 
 
 45.9 
 
 22.4 
 
 37.1 
 
 83.0 
 
 49.3 
 
 39.0 
 
 43.0 
 
 45.7 
 
 
 35.0 
 
 54.6 
 
 39.2 
 
 56.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 41.3 
 
 
 10.5 
 
 68.5 
 38.8 
 
 46.3 
 
 45.0 
 
 29.0 
 
 39.9 
 
 28.4 
 
 30.3 
 
 60.4 
 
 34.3 
 
 41.0 
 
 30.0 
 
 37.4 
 
 
 32.0 
 
 42.6 
 
 25.5 
 
 25.0 
 
 27.0 
 
 31.6 
 
 25.3 
 
 25.5 
 
 49.3 
 
 32.6 
 
 27.0 
 
 23.0 
 
 30.6 
 
 
 26.9 
 
 27.2 
 
 39.7 
 
 41.0 
 
 17.0 
 
 30.4 
 
 
 4.5 
 
 38.8 
 
 42.3 
 
 40.0 
 
 54.0 
 
 35.9 
 
 28.1 
 
 30.5 
 
 54.1 
 
 42.8 
 
 39.7 
 21.2 
 
 33.1 
 
 18.0 
 
 39.5 
 
 
 75.5(3) 
 
 95.5 
 
 70.0 
 
 54.0 
 
 % 65.0 
 
 71.9 
 
 
 58.9 
 
 59.3 
 
 68.2 
 
 51.0 
 
 28.0 
 
 53.1 
 
 
 55.2 
 
 66.0 
 
 59.3 
 
 42.0 
 
 22.0 
 
 48.9 
 
 
 41.8 
 
 70.9 
 
 46.5 
 
 71.0 
 
 25.0 
 
 51.1 
 
 
 39.9 
 
 61.8 
 
 51.1 
 
 51.0 
 
 20.3 
 
 44.8 
 
 
 45.9 
 
 47.5 
 
 48.5 
 
 51.0 
 
 15.0 
 
 41.6 
 
 
 52.8(3) 
 
 68.0 
 
 12.3 
 
 42.0 
 
 14.0 
 
 37.8 
 
 
 52.9 
 
 67.0 
 
 50.8 
 7.9 
 
 51.7 
 17.8 
 
 27.0 
 
 49.9 
 
 '15'19 
 
 12.9 
 
 
 6.2 
 
 22.6 
 
 20.7 
 
 15.7 
 
 9.1 
 
 14.9 
 
 
 7.0 
 
 22.5 
 
 14.3 
 
 11.3 
 
 3.9 
 
 11.8 
 
 
 1.0 
 
 20.5 
 
 11.0 
 
 
 10.0 
 
 10.6 
 
 
 4.7 
 
 21.9 
 
 15.3 
 
 5.0 
 
 13.5 
 
 7.7 
 
 
 
 8.0 
 
 29.8 
 
 20.3 
 
 
 
 17.8 
 
 
 3.0 
 
 31.5 
 
 10.8 
 
 
 
 11.6 
 
 
 5.5 
 
 30.7 
 
 15.6 
 
 
 
 
STATION PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION 
 
 BULLETINS 
 
 No. 
 185. 
 
 241. 
 246. 
 251. 
 
 253. 
 
 261. 
 262. 
 
 263. 
 266. 
 
 267. 
 268. 
 270. 
 
 271. 
 273. 
 
 275. 
 
 276. 
 278. 
 279. 
 
 282. 
 
 283. 
 285. 
 286. 
 290. 
 
 294. 
 297. 
 298. 
 299. 
 300. 
 301. 
 
 No. 
 Report of Progress in Cereal Investiga- 302. 
 
 tions. 
 Vine Pruning in California, Part I. 304. 
 
 Vine Pruning in California, Part II. 
 Utilization of the Nitrogen and Organic 308. 
 
 Matter in Septic and Imhoff Tank 
 
 Sludges. 
 Irrigation and Soil Conditions in the 309. 
 
 Sierra Nevada Foothills, California. 
 Melaxuma of the Walnut, "Juglans regia." 310. 
 
 Citrus Diseases of Florida and Cuba 312. 
 
 Compared with Those of California. 313. 
 
 Size Grades for Ripe Olives. 316. 
 
 A Spotting of Citrus Fruits Due to the 317. 
 
 Action of Oil Liberated from the Rind. 318. 
 
 Experiments with Stocks for Citrus. 320. 
 
 Growing and Grafting Olive Seedlings. 321. 
 
 A Comparison of Annual Cropping, Bi- 322. 
 
 ennial Cropping, and Green Manures 323. 
 
 on the Yield of Wheat. 
 Feeding Dairy Calves in California. 324. 
 
 Preliminary Report on Kearney Vineyard 
 
 Experimental Drain. 325. 
 
 The Cultivation of Belladonna in Cali- 
 fornia. 
 The Pomegranate. 326. 
 
 Grain Sorghums. 328. 
 
 Irrigation of Rice in California. 329. 
 
 Irrigation of Alfalfa in the Sacramento 330. 
 
 Valley. 331. 
 
 Trials with California Silage Crops for 332. 
 
 Dairv Cows. 333. 
 
 The Olive Insects of California. 
 The Milk Goat in California. 
 
 Commercial Fertilizers. 334. 
 
 The June Drop of Washington Navel 
 
 Oranges. 335. 
 
 Bean Culture in California. 
 
 The Almond in California. 336. 
 
 Seedless Raisin Grapes. 
 
 The Use of Lumber on California Farms. 337. 
 
 Commercial Fertilizers. 338. 
 
 California State Dairy Cow Competition, 
 
 1916-1918. 
 
 Control of Ground Squirrels by the Fumi- 
 gation Method. 
 
 A Study on the Effects of Freezes on 
 Citrus in California. 
 
 I. Fumigation with Liquid Hydrocyanic 
 Acid. II. Physical and Chemical Pro- 
 perties of Liquid Hydrocyanic Acid. 
 
 I. The Carob in California. II. Nutritive 
 Value of the Carob Bean. 
 
 Plum Pollination. 
 
 Mariout Barley. 
 
 Pruning Young Deciduous Fruit Trees. 
 
 The Kaki or Oriental Persimmon. 
 
 Selections of Stocks in Citrus Prooagation. 
 
 The Effects of Alkali on Citrus Trees. 
 
 Control of the Coyote in California. 
 
 Commercial Production of Grape Syrup. 
 
 The Evaporation of Grapes. 
 
 Heavy vs. Light Grain Feeding for Dairy 
 Cows. 
 
 Storage of Perishable Fruit at Freezing 
 Temperatures. 
 
 Rice Irrigation Measurements and Ex- 
 periments in Sacramento Valley, 1914- 
 1919. 
 
 Brown Rot of Apricots. 
 
 Prune Growing in California. 
 
 A White Fir Volume Table. 
 
 Dehvdration of Fruits. 
 
 Phylloxera-Resistant Stocks. 
 
 Walnut Culture in California. 
 
 Some Factors Affecting the Quality of 
 Ripe Olives Sterilized at High Tem- 
 peratures. 
 
 Preliminary Volume Tables for Second- 
 Growth Redwoods. 
 
 Cocoanut Meal as a Feed for Dairy Cows 
 and Other Livestock. 
 
 The Preparation of Nicotine Dust as an 
 Insecticide. 
 
 Some Factors of Dehydrater Efficiency. 
 
 Selection and Treatment of Waters for 
 Spraying Purposes with Especial Ref- 
 erence to Santa Clara Valley. 
 
 CIRCULARS 
 
 No. No. 
 
 70. Observations on the Status of Corn 155. 
 
 Growing in California. 157. 
 
 76. Hot Room Callusing. 158. 
 
 82. The Common Ground Squirrels of Cali- 159. 
 
 fornia. 160. 
 
 87. Alfalfa. 161. 
 
 110. Green Manuring in California. 164. 
 
 111. The Use of Lime and Gypsum on Cali- 165. 
 
 fornia Soils. 
 
 113. Correspondence Courses in Agriculture. 166. 
 
 114. Increasing the Duty of Water. 167. 
 
 115. Grafting Vinifera Vineyards. 168. 
 
 126. Spraying for the Grape Leaf Hopper. 
 
 127. House Fumigation. 169. 
 
 128. Insecticide Formulas. 170. 
 
 129. The Control of Citrus Insects. 
 
 130. Cabbage Growing in California. 172. 
 135. Official Tests of Dairv Cows. 173. 
 
 138. The Silo in California Agriculture. 174. 
 
 139. The Generation of Hydrocyanic Acid Gas 175. 
 
 in Fumigation by Portable Machines. 
 
 144. Oidium or Powdery Mildew of the Vine. 176. 
 148. "Lungworms." 
 
 151. Feeding and Management of Hogs. 177. 
 
 152. Some Observations on the Bulk Handling 178. 
 
 of Grain in California. 179. 
 
 153. Announcement of the California State 
 
 Dairy Cow Competition, 1916-18. 181. 
 
 154. Irrigation Practice in Growing Small 182. 
 
 Fruits in California. 
 
 Bovine Tuberculosis. 
 
 Control of the Pear Scab. 
 
 Home and Farm Canning. 
 
 Agriculture in the Imperial Valley. 
 
 Lettuce Growing in California. 
 
 Potatoes in California. 
 
 Small Fruit Culture in California. 
 
 Fundamentals of Sugar Beet Culture 
 
 under California Conditions. 
 The County Farm Bureau. 
 Feeding Stuffs of Minor Importance. 
 Spraying for the Control of Wild Morning-' 
 
 Glory within the Fog Belt. 
 The 1918 Grain Crop. 
 Fertilizing California Soils for the 1918 
 
 Crop. 
 Wheat Culture. 
 
 The Construction of the Wood-Hoop Silo. 
 Farm Drainage Methods. 
 Progress Report on the Marketing and 
 
 Distribution of Milk. 
 Hog Cholera Prevention and the Serum 
 
 Treatment. 
 Grain Sorghums. 
 
 The Packing of Apples in California. 
 Factors of Importance in Producing Milk 
 
 of Low Bacterial Count. 
 Control of the California Ground Squirrel. 
 Extending the Area of Irrigated Wheat in 
 
 California for 1918. 
 
CIRCULARS— Continued 
 
 No. 
 
 183. Infectious Abortion in Cows. 
 
 184. A Flock of Sheep on the Farm. 
 
 185. Beekeeping for the Fruit-grower and Small 
 
 Rancher or Amateur. 
 
 188. Lambing Sheds. 
 
 189. Winter Forage Crops. 
 
 190. Agriculture Clubs in California. 
 
 191. Pruning the Seedless Grapes. 
 
 193. A Study of Farm Labor in California. 
 198. Syrup from Sweet Sorghum. 
 
 201. Helpful Hints to Hog Raisers. 
 
 202. County Organizations for Rural Fire Con- 
 
 trol. 
 
 203. Peat as a Manure Substitute. 
 
 205. Blackleg. 
 
 206. Jack Cheese. 
 
 208. Summary of the Annual Reports of the 
 
 Farm Advisors of California. 
 
 209. The Function of the Farm Bureau. 
 
 210. Suggestions to the Settler in California. 
 
 No. 
 214. 
 
 215. 
 217. 
 
 218. 
 
 Seed Treatment for the Prevention of 
 
 Cereal Smuts. 
 Feeding Dairy Cows in California. 
 Methods for Marketing Vegetables in 
 
 California. 
 Advanced Registry Testing of Dairy Cows. 
 
 219. The Present Status of Alkali. 
 
 220. Unfermented Fruit Juices. 
 
 221. How California is Helping People Own 
 
 Farms and Rural Homes. 
 
 222. Fundamental Principles of Co-operation 
 
 in Agriculture. 
 
 223. The Pear Thrips. 
 
 224. Control of the Brown Apricot Scale and 
 
 the Italian Pear Scale on Deciduous 
 Fruit Trees. 
 
 226. Protection of Vineyards from Phylloxera. 
 
 227. Plant Disease and Pest Control. 
 
 228. Vineyard Irrigation in Arid Climates. 
 
 229. Cordon Pruning.