THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 AN OFFICIAL REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 EESOUKCES OF THE STATE 
 
 UP TO AND INCLUDING JANUARY 1, 1894. 
 
 COMPILED BY J. H. PRICE, SECRETARY OF STATE. 
 
 OLYMPIA, WASH.: 
 O. C. WHITE, - - - STATE PRINTER. 
 .1894. 
 
THE 8TATE OF WASHIiNGTON. 
 
 AN OFnCIAL REPORT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 RESOURCES OE THE STATE 
 
 \ 
 
 
 N 
 
 OLYMPIA, AVASH.: 
 
 O. C. WHITE, - - - STATE I'KINTEU. 
 
 1894. 
 
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 State of Washington, 
 Office of Secretary of State, 
 Olympia, Aug. 15, 1894. 
 
 To Hon. John H. McGraw, Governor of the State of Washington: 
 
 Sir — Since my incumbency of the office of Secretary of the State 
 of Washington, I have been the recipient of many letters from all 
 over the United States; from the northern, southern, eastern and 
 middle parts of our country, and from the Dominion of Canada, 
 asking for information respecting the State of Washington, as to 
 its soil, climate, products, industries and general advantages; all 
 with a view, from the inquiries, of permanent settlement or invest- 
 ment. Finding it an impossibility to make answer to these indi- 
 vidual inquiries, doing justice to the state and the different localities 
 thereof, I have deemed it expedient and highly beneficial to the 
 state, to prepare, in pamphlet form, a clear, concise and reliable 
 statement, embodying practical information of the whole state and 
 the different counties therein. I herewith present to your Excel- 
 lency the said pamphlet, believing that, when properly distributed, 
 it will be of incalculable benefit to our state. 
 
 I am, very respectfully, 
 
 Jas. H. Price, 
 
 Secretary of State. 
 
O 4 9 > 
 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 The State of Washington embraces an area of 69,994 square miles, 
 making 44,796,160 acres. Prior to tlie purchase of Alaska, Wash- 
 ington was the extreme northwestern territory of the United States. 
 The Straits of San Juan de Fuca, Gulf of Georgia and the forty- 
 ninth parallel north latitude divides it from British Columbia on 
 the north; the eastern boundary is the State of Idaho; the southern 
 boundary is the Columbia river and the foi'ty-sixth parallel north, 
 and the western boundary is the Pacific Ocean. The approximate 
 area of Puget Sound and mountain ranges unfit for cultivation is 
 9,269,160 acres, which leaves 35,500,000 acres of valuable lands 
 which may be classed as follows: Timber lands, 20,000,000 acres; 
 bottom lands, 5,500,000 acres; plains, plateaus and prairies, 10,- 
 000,000 acres. Washington is divided into thirty-four counties. 
 The Cascade range of mountains cuts the state in two from north 
 to south, commencing at 121°30' west from Greenwich and 44*^ 
 west from Washington, and bearing northeast about 10°, where it 
 enters the British line. There are fifteen counties on the east slope 
 of the Cascades, which are almost wholly drained by the Columbia 
 river and its tributaries. This part of the state is commonly known 
 as Eastern Washington, and is essentially the great grain and stock 
 raising portion of the state. West of the Cascades are located 
 nineteen counties which comprise an area of about two-fifths of the 
 state, and is called Western Washington. In Western Washing- 
 ton are located the great fisheries of the state. The immense forests 
 of the state grow principally on the west side. Puget Sound, the 
 largest and best harbor in the world, is a principal factor in the 
 make-up of Western Washington, and adds largely to the prosper- 
 ity of the whole state on account of the shipping facilities it offers 
 to ocean traffic. Two lines of transcontinental railroads — the 
 Great Northern and the Northern Pacific — traverse the state from 
 east to west, with terminals, respectively, at Seattle and Tacoma, 
 affording to the grain and stock producers of Eastern Washington 
 

 6 . BE SOF-Rm'S' QF THB 'STATE OF 
 
 WASHINGTON. 
 
 • » * 
 
 easy and cheap trausportation to deep water, and thence to the 
 markets of the world. 
 
 The coal and valuable mineral deposits are about equally repre- 
 sented on either side of the Cascades, as is also the fruit growing 
 industry. The climate of the state generally is mild and healthful. 
 Educational advantages are of the best throughout the whole state. 
 
 The following digest of the state by counties will give to the 
 public all of the valuable practical information that may be desired 
 by any who are looking toward Washington for homes or invest- 
 ments. 
 
 STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 State oflScers are elected for a term of four years. The general 
 
 state election occurs the first Tuesday after the first Monday in 
 
 November. 
 
 Governor John H. McGraw. 
 
 Lieutenant Governor Frank H. Luce. 
 
 Secretary of State Jas. H. Price. 
 
 Treasurer OzRO A. Bowmen. 
 
 Auditor Laban R. Grimes. 
 
 Attorney Gerieral William C. Jones. 
 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction C. W. Bean. 
 
 Commissioner of Public Lands W. T. Forrest. 
 
 State Printer O. C. White. 
 
 state land commission. 
 
 W. T. Forrest, Chairman Olympia. 
 
 T. M. Reed, JR Seattle. 
 
 E. Bkainerd Seattle. 
 
 Geo. D. Shannon Olympia. 
 
 E. D. CowEN, Secretary Olympia. 
 
 UNITED states SENATOR AND REPRESENTATIVES. 
 
 United States Senator Watson C. Squire. 
 
 Representatives in Congress j Wm.^H. Doolittle. 
 
 STATE JUDICIARY. 
 supreme court. 
 Chief Justice — R. O. Dunbar, Klickitat county; term expires 1895. 
 Associate Justice — Elmon Scott, Whatcom county; term expires 1899. 
 Associate Justice — T. L. Stiles, Pierce county; term expires 1895. 
 
 Associate Justice — T. J. Anders, Walla Walla county; term expires 
 1899. 
 
 Associate Justice — John P. Hoyt, King county; term expires 1897. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 7 
 
 LEGISLATURE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 The Legislature of the State of Washington is composed of 112 
 members — seventy-eight members of the House and thirty-four 
 members of the Senate. The Legislature meets biennially, on the 
 second Monday in January. The next Legislature meets January 
 14, 1895. 
 
 STATE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Institutions. County. Location. 
 
 1. Capital Thurston Olympia. 
 
 2. Hospital for the Insane Pierce Steilacoom. 
 
 3. Hospital for the Insane Spokane Medical Lake. 
 
 4. Penitentiary Walla Walla Walla Walla. 
 
 5. University King Seattle. 
 
 6. Agricultural College Whitman Pullman. 
 
 7. Normal School Kittitas Ellensburgh. 
 
 8. Normal School Spokane Cheney. 
 
 9. Reform School Lewis Chehalis. 
 
 10. School for Defective Youth Clarke Vancouver. 
 
 11. Soldiers' Home Pierce Orting. 
 
 12. State Fair Yakima North Yakima. 
 
 HEALTH REPORT. 
 The following table, taken from the report of Dr. G. S. 
 
 Arm- 
 
 strong, secretary of the state board of health, will speak for itself 
 as to the general health of the people of this state: 
 
 CAUSES OF DEATH. 
 
 Consumption 
 
 Still-born 
 
 Pneumonia 
 
 Heart disease 
 
 Old age 
 
 Diphtheria 
 
 Cholera infantum . 
 
 Typhoid fever 
 
 Paralysis 
 
 Cancer 
 
 Convulsions 
 
 Croup 
 
 Diarrhcea 
 
 Dropsy 
 
 Enteritis 
 
 Cephalitis 
 
 Scarlet fever 
 
 Malarial fever 
 
 Dysentery 
 
 Bronchitis 
 
 Apoplexy 
 
 Whooping cough.. 
 
 DEATHS PER 1,000 FROM KNOWN CAUSES. 
 
 Washington, 
 
 Michiga/ii, 
 
 United Slates, 
 
 1S93. 
 
 1S86-90. 
 
 1S80. 
 
 90.9 
 
 116.9 
 
 126.8 
 
 79.1 
 
 60.1 
 
 34.6 
 
 64.5 
 
 57.1 
 
 87.6 
 
 49.0 
 
 53.8 
 
 36.2 
 
 12.4 
 
 51.5 
 
 19.7 
 
 17.6 
 
 51.4 
 
 53.0 
 
 35.9 
 
 35.4 
 
 34.7 
 
 62.3 
 
 31.7 
 
 31.8 
 
 28.6 
 
 28.3 
 
 19.3 
 
 18.3 
 
 24.6 
 
 18.2 
 
 15.4 
 
 23.4 
 
 24.8 
 
 0.73 
 
 22.5 
 
 25.0 
 
 8.0 
 
 20.4 
 
 15.0 
 
 4.4 
 
 19.9 
 
 20.5 
 
 12.4 
 
 18.1 
 
 17.6 
 
 24.9 
 
 18.0 
 
 15.1 
 
 34.4 
 
 14.9 
 
 22.8 
 
 5.1 
 
 9.2 
 
 28.1 
 
 2 2 
 
 8.2 
 
 18.7 
 
 22.0 
 
 7.9 
 
 15.3 
 
 8.8 
 
 7.7 
 
 13.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 7.2 
 
 15.4 
 
8 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 WEATHER REPORT. 
 
 Mean temperature, taken at various weather bureaus in the state 
 for nine months, commencing January 1, 1893, and ending Sep- 
 tember 30, 1893: 
 
 Mean temp. 
 
 Tatoosh, Clallam county 47.6 
 
 Neah Bay, Clallam county 49.5 
 
 Port Townseud, Jefferson county 49.3 
 
 Monroe, Kitsap county 50. 3 
 
 Seattle, King county 51. 9 
 
 Tacoma, Pierce county ,50.5 
 
 Olympia, Thurston county 46.6 
 
 Aberdeen, Chehalis county 50.5 
 
 Chehalis, Lewis county 50. 3 
 
 East Sound, San Juan county 49.6 
 
 Fort Canby, Pacific county 49.I 
 
 Union City, Mason county 48.3 
 
 Spokane, Spokane county 48.4 
 
 Lyle, Klickitat county 43.9 
 
 Fort Simcoe, Yakima county 47.9 
 
 Pomeroy, Garfield county ,53.7 
 
 Chelan, Okanogan county 47.4 
 
 Walla Walla, Walla Walla county ,50.0 
 
 Pullman, Whitman county 46.0 
 
 Waterville, Douglas county 45.5 
 
 Ellensburgh, Kittitas county 45.6 
 
 The above figures show the mean temperature from twenty dif- 
 ferent counties lying in all parts of the state, and giving a mean 
 temperature of the state as 49°. 
 
 FISH. OYSTERS AND CLAMS. 
 
 The fishermen were paid by Washington canneries 5 cents per 
 pound for salmon, the catch amounting to 6,'721,43.t pounds, mak- 
 ing ^366,011.15 amount paid; average weight of each fish, 20 
 pounds. 
 
 The Washington fishermen also sold to Oregon canneries salmon 
 to the amount of $150,000. 
 
 The value of the spring pack for 1893 by Washington canneries 
 was ^790,432.50. 
 
 The fall pack was small, amounting to about 43,000 cases; amount 
 paid fishermen being about $35,000. 
 
 Cold storage plants and fresh fish dealers purchased salmon to 
 the value of $75,000, making total amount received by the Wash- 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 9 
 
 ington fishermen on the Columbia river for the present year, |626,- 
 071.75. 
 
 Gear used by fishermen on the Columbia river and tributaries: 
 400 pound nets and fish traps; 750 gill nets and boats; 150 set nets; 
 10 seines; 3G fish wheels. 
 
 Sturgeon to the amount of 3,358,000 pounds and caviar amount- 
 ing to 55,310 pounds were prepared for market, valued at |52,- 
 635.50; and 125,000 was received from fresh fish dealers and cold 
 storage companies. 
 
 On Willapa Harbor and Gray's Harbor, the catch amounted to 
 about 208,500 salmon, aggregating 2,429,245 pounds, averaging 11 
 pounds per fish, in the catching of which were used gear, as fol- 
 lows: On Willapa Harbor, 22 pound nets; 11 drift nets; 26 set nets. 
 On Gray's Harbor, 53 drift nets; 30 set nets and 6 pound nets. 
 
 The amount paid fishermen by canneries for salmon was $23,439, 
 while fresh and salted salmon to the amount of $11,000 was also 
 sold in this district. 
 
 In the Puget Sound district the salmon pack is three times greater 
 than that of 1892; the total salmon pack being 105,000 cases, 
 valued at $269,000; 1,008,000 salmon being used. 
 
 The following table shows the number, species, pounds and prices 
 of fishes caught: 
 
 Species. 
 
 No. 
 caught. 
 
 Pounds. 
 
 Average 
 price. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Sock8vc salmon 
 
 250,000 
 
 650,000 
 
 1,000,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 75,000 
 
 1.500,000 
 
 3,900,000 
 
 6.000,000 
 
 400,000 
 
 120,000 
 
 750,000 
 
 1,300,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 40,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 300,000. 
 
 750,000 
 
 500,000 
 
 8c. each. 
 
 8c. 
 
 2c. 
 20c. " 
 30c. " 
 
 4c. " 
 
 2.Vc. per lb. 
 
 2c. " 
 
 2c. " 
 
 7e. " 
 
 3c. " 
 
 2c. " 
 
 Ic. " 
 
 5c. " 
 
 ^20,000 
 
 Silver salmon 
 
 52,000 
 
 Had doc salmon 
 
 20, (KK) 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 Quinaiilt salmon 
 
 2,400 
 
 Fall salmon 
 
 3,000 
 
 Halibut 
 
 32,500 
 
 Smelt. 
 
 
 10,000 
 
 Cod 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 2,H00 
 
 
 
 
 1,200 
 
 Lin^ 
 
 Perch and flounders 
 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 3,000 
 
 
 
 5,625 
 
 Other fish. 
 
 
 2,500 
 
 
 
 
 
 Total !. 
 
 
 
 
 S167,0'25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The number of men engaged in this industry in this district is 
 about 775. 
 
 Oysters and clams were shipped during the past year to the value 
 of $99,080. 
 
 From Willapa Harbor 30,250 sacks of oysters were shipped, and 
 from Puget Sound, 18,989 sacks. Oysters sold on the beds of 
 
10 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Willapa Harbor for |1.50 per sack of 90 pounds; and on Puget 
 Sound at 12.25 per sack weighing from 100 to 115 pounds. Ten 
 thousand sacks of clams were sold in this district at $1 per sack. 
 
 Recapitulation of amounts received by fishermen of this state 
 during past year: 
 
 From Columbia river salmon . , $636,071 75 
 
 From Columbia river sturgeon 77,635 50 
 
 From Puget Sound, fish, oysters, etc ,. 321,705 00 
 
 From Willapa and Gray's Harbor 89,814 00 
 
 Total $1,106,226 25 
 
 COAL MINES OF THE STATE. 
 
 The following tables, taken from the reports of the coal mine in- 
 spectors of the state, will show the number of tons of coal mined in 
 the state during the year 1893: 
 
 FIRST DISTRICT. 
 
 Name of mine. No. of torus. 
 
 New Castle 153,000 
 
 Franklin 88,000 
 
 Black Diamond 137,442 
 
 Denny 5,474 
 
 Cedar Mountain 
 
 Oilman 121,378 
 
 Grand Ridge : 591 
 
 Kangley 16,673 
 
 Alta : 9,000 
 
 Eureka .' 800 
 
 Navy 
 
 Blue Canyon 26,000 
 
 Cokedale . 3,000 
 
 Roslyn : 341,441 
 
 Total 791,799 
 
 David Edmunds, 
 Coal Mine Inspector, First District. 
 
 SECOND district. 
 Name of mine. , No. of tons. 
 
 Carbon Hill Coal Co 267,545 
 
 Wilkeson Coal & Coke Co 77,546 
 
 South Prairie Coal Co 52,541 
 
 Bucoda Coal Co 9,451 
 
 Acme Coal Co 7,200 
 
 Florence Coal Co 1,433 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 11 
 
 Name of mine. ^o. of <o»i«. 
 
 Eureka Coal Co 1,000 
 
 Ouimette Coal Co 345 
 
 Total 417,051 
 
 JosEi'iJ James, 
 Coal Mine In.spector, Second District. 
 
 Total output for 1893, 1,208,850 tons. 
 
 LIGHTHOUSES. 
 
 The Thirteenth Lighthouse District of the United States extends 
 from the southern boundary of Oregon to British Columbia, thereby 
 covering the Pacific coast of Oregon and Washington, Puget Sound, 
 Columbia river and the American shores and waters of the Straits 
 of San Juan de Fuca and Washington Sound. 
 
 Inspector for the Thirteenth District, Oscar W. Farenholt, com- 
 mander, United States navy, corner Third and Washington streets, 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 
 Engineer, James C. Post, major of engineers. United States 
 army, 13 Fourth street, Portland, Oregon. 
 
 The following summary will show the lighthouse stations for 
 the Washington division of the Thirteenth District: 
 
 Nain,e. 
 
 Cape Disappointment. 
 
 Willapa Bay 
 
 Destruction Island 
 
 Cape Flattery 
 
 Ediz Hook 
 
 New Dungeness 
 
 Smith Island 
 
 Admiralty Head 
 
 Point Wilson 
 
 Point no Point 
 
 West Point 
 
 Location . 
 
 Color of light. 
 
 / On Cape Disappointment, mouth of ) 
 ( Columbia river J 
 
 Cape Shoalwater 
 
 Destruction Island -i 
 
 J On Tatoosh Island, one-half mile N. W. ) 
 I of Cape Flattery ) 
 
 Ediz Hook, Straits of Fuca 
 
 On spit of that name in Straits of Fuca.... 
 
 In Straits of Fuca i 
 
 Whidby Island 
 
 Two miles N. W. of Port Townsend 
 
 f In Sound, 4i miles south of entrance to I 
 t Hood's Canal j 
 
 /East side of Sound, 
 t Seattle 
 
 miles N. W. of I 
 
 FSxed white. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Flashing white every 
 10 seconds. 
 
 Fixed white with a 
 fixed red sector. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Flashing white every 
 30 seconds. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Fixed white. 
 
 Flashing red and 
 white every 10 sees. 
 
12 EESOUBCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 SHIPPING. 
 
 The following is a statement of vessels entered and cleared for 
 foreign ports, during the year 1893, for the Puget Sound Collection 
 District: 
 
 Number of vessels entered, 1,314; tonnage, "756, 415. 
 
 Number of vessels cleared, 1,335; tonnage, 891,386. 
 
 GAME AND GAME BIRDS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Our large game consists of elk, mule deer, Virginia deer, and the 
 black-tail deer of the Columbia. Black and brown bears and the 
 "bald face" bear of the Cascade mountains. The latter two are 
 varieties of the grizzly. Also the white mountain goat and a few 
 mountain sheep, or big horns, the habitat of which will be men- 
 tioned hereafter. 
 
 The home of the elk is in the Olympic mountains. This stately 
 monarch is the king of his species, and the pride and satisfaction 
 which thrills the nerves of the successful hunter, in his capture, is 
 justifiable and excusable when not degraded by the spirit of slaugh- 
 ter. 
 
 The mule deer stands next in our fields to the elk in size, grace 
 and magnificence. His home is the mountains of Eastern Wash- 
 ington, unless driven down by the cold and snows of winter, when 
 he is then found in the foothills and valleys. 
 
 The Virginia or white-tail deer is only found in brushy bottom 
 lands, and is identical with his eastern cousin in size, color and 
 general characteristics. 
 
 The black-tail deer is found throughout Western Washington, 
 and is a frequenter of the dense brushy jungles of the Puget Sound 
 basin. He is smaller than the others, and more easily approached. 
 His flesh, though not as fat, is sweet and juicy, and when the hunter 
 secures one by still hunting in the black-tail's bushy home, he con- 
 siders himself exceedingly lucky. 
 
 The white goat is at home in the higher portions of the Cascade 
 mountains on both the east and west sides, and on some mountains 
 are quite numerous. They are evidently.admirers of "the beautiful 
 snow," and the hunter who secures them must be abundantly en- 
 dowed with will, wind and wisdom. Their flesh does not improve 
 by age, so none but the young are sought for food. 
 
 Mountain sheep, or big horn, are not often found within the lim- 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 13 
 
 its of this state. There are a few, however, east of Mount Baker, 
 near the north boundary between Washington and British Co- 
 lumbia. 
 
 No moose or caribou in Washington. 
 
 The black bear, like the poor, "we have with us always," and 
 he is often found in the most unexpected places. He is entirely 
 harmless, however, unless pushed to the wall when wounded by 
 some over-zealous hunter, who then is apt to acquire wisdom at 
 the cost of clothes and cuticle. The brown bear and bald-faced 
 bear are more frequently found in the mountainous districts, al- 
 though the former often frequents the low lands. These are said 
 to be varieties of the grizzly. 
 
 Of the fur bearing animals we have the land otter, beaver, fisher, 
 mink, martin, muskrat, wolverine, coon and skunk. 
 
 Of the cat kind ai'e found the cougar, lynx and wildcat. 
 
 The wolf family is represented by the lai'ge gray wolf, black 
 wolf and coyote east of the mountains. 
 
 Our upland game birds are: Blue grouse, ruffed grouse, sharp- 
 tailed grouse, spruce grouse, sage cock, mountain quail, valley 
 quail and bobwhite or Virginia partridge; also the band-tail pigeon, 
 turtledove and sand-hill crane. The sage cock and sharp-tailed 
 grouse are found on the open plains of Eastern Washington and 
 the others on the west side of the mountains. 
 
 Water fowl of all kinds are here in arreat abundance during the 
 winter months, in Western Washington. Among them are the 
 Canada goose, white-fronted goose, Arctic goose, Hntchins' goose 
 and the stately swan. Since the extensive cultivation of wheat in 
 Eastern Washington, the geese are there in the fall in countless 
 thousands. The Canada geese remain there through the winter. 
 Of ducks we have the mallard, canvasback, redhead, green wing 
 teal, gadwall, widgeon, sprig tail, blue bill, wood duck, spoon bill 
 and butterball. Also a great variety of sea ducks not used on the 
 table, and only killed for sport or specimens for mounting. 
 
 Of shore or marsh birds along the coast there are the Wilson 
 snipe, robin or redjbreasted snipe, yellow legs or tattler, Bertran's 
 tattler or upland plover, pectoral sandpiper, turnstone, whale bird, 
 Avoset's golden plover, black-breasted plover, sickle-billed curlew, 
 Hudsonian curlew, Esquimaux curlew, willets and all varieties of 
 sandpipers. 
 
14 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 The Wilson snipe, yellow leg or tattler, upland plover, sand 
 plover or killdee and the sickle-billed curlew breed on the east 
 side of the mountains, but are not found there in the winter. On 
 the west side all but the latter remain through the winter. 
 
COUNTIES OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 INDUSTRIES, SOIL, PRODUCTS, TIMBER, MINERALS, TAXABLE 
 PROPERTY, AREA, POPULATION, ETC. 
 
 ADAMS COUNTY 
 
 Organized November 28, 1883; county seat, Ritzville; area, 2,- 
 400 square miles; population, 2,185. It is chiefly adapted for 
 pastoral and agricultural pursuits. It is separated from Whitman 
 county at the southeast corner by the Palouse river. The Northern 
 Pacific Railroad extends through the county from the southwest 
 corner to the northeast corner, affording convenient transportation 
 for farm products. It is especially adapted for stock raising, bunch 
 grass growing profusely throughout the county. The winters are 
 mild and very little food or shelter is necessary for stock. The soil 
 is a loose ashey loam, and is very productive. The rolling uplands 
 respond to the touch of the husbandman with abundant harvests of 
 all cereals, especially wheat, which yields from twenty-five to fifty 
 bushels per acre. The land is easily cultivated, and produces well 
 the first year, sufiiciently, in most instances, to pay for land and 
 tillage. Artesian wells have been sunk with good results. Small 
 fruits and vegetables are very productive. At Ritzville is estab- 
 lished a large flour, chop and feed mill. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $1,216,338 00 
 
 Personal property 320,256 00 
 
 Railroad stock and personal property 95,681 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 57 miles 1,673 
 
 feet main track, and 3 miles 954 feet side track ; 
 
 Oregon Railway & Navigation Company, 9 
 
 miles 1,584 feet main track, and 528 feet side 
 
 track 360.166 00 
 
 (15) 
 
16 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Number of horses 4,090 $80,239 00 
 
 cattle 5,974 68,034 00 
 
 sheep 4,406 8,817 00 
 
 hogs 315 914 00 
 
 wagons aud carriages 339 8,968 00 
 
 Improvements on land held uuder United States 39,735 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Receipts for school year, from all sources 29,069 93 
 
 Number of school houses 25 17,960 00 
 
 districts 28 
 
 Total school property 22,148 00 
 
 Number school children, census of 1893 823 
 
 Number of children enrolled during the year 655 
 
 Average daily attendance 428 
 
 Number of teachers 35 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 47 18 
 
 female 43 59 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 671,219 00 
 
 of improved land 41,920 
 
 County Seat. 
 Ritzville is the county seat of Adams county, is on the Northern 
 Pacific Railroad, and 65 miles southwest of Spokane. Population, 
 500. Assessed value of property, $300,000. 
 
 ASOTIN COUNTY. 
 
 Asotin county was organized October 27, 1883, and is the ex- 
 treme southeastern county of the state. Area, nearly 600 square 
 miles; population, 1,712. County seat, Asotin; situate at the junc- 
 tion of Asotin creek and Snake river. It is without railroad facili- 
 ties, but steamers on the Snake river, on its eastern and northern 
 boundary, connect with the Union Pacific system at Riparia. Irri- 
 gation makes farming more profitable, and where tried has proven 
 very successful. The principal industry is stock raising. Lum- 
 bering is carried on in a small way in the southern part of the 
 county, where timber from the Blue mountains is accessible in large 
 quantities. The land in the southern portion of the county is a 
 rich black loam, with clay subsoil, and covered with a heavy 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 17 
 
 
 158,827 00 
 
 5,151 
 
 98,395 00 
 
 5,455 
 
 66,879 00 
 
 5,738 
 
 11,478 00 
 
 1,577 
 
 5,034 00 
 
 339 
 
 10,878 00 
 
 growth of pine, fir and tamarack. Further north the soil is a 
 black loam prairie. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Taxable real property $302-,849 00 
 
 personal property 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 '* sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 10,250 00 
 
 Steamboats, wharves and barges 24,200 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 31 
 
 houses 16 9,785 00 
 
 All school property 12,463 00 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 696 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 109,232 
 
 Number acres improved land 27,079 
 
 " timber land 128,000 
 
 County Seat. 
 Asotin, the county seat, is situate on the Snake river, and con- 
 tains a population of 635. 
 
 CHEHALIS COUNTY. 
 
 Chehalis county was organized April 14, 1854. The western 
 border is upon the Pacific Ocean. The county embraces an area of 
 about 2,600 square miles, and has a population of 9,797 (census 
 1892). The Chehalis river, flowing through the county from east 
 to west, empties into Gray's Harbor. The Hoquiam, Wishkah 
 and Satsop rivers are tributary to the Chehalis, the Hoquiam and 
 Wishkah rivers being navigable streams. The Humptulips river 
 flows into Gray's Harbor from the north side and Elk river from the 
 south side. These streams are all good logging streams for miles 
 into the interior of the county. To the north of the harbor lies 
 60,000 acres of prairie land which is good grazing for stock. The 
 —8 
 
18 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 harbor is easy of entrance from the Pacific Ocean and steamships 
 and sailing vessels constantly come and go, laden with merchandise 
 and lumber. The output of logs for 189.3 was 72,700,000; the 
 lumber and shingles cut aggregating over 100,000,000 feet. Over 
 520,000,000 feet of lumber has been shipped from Chehalis county, 
 and it is estimated that there is yet tributary to the waters of tl^e 
 county over 100,000,000,009 feet, of which about 39,000,000,000 
 feet is in Chehalis county. There are a number of fish canneries 
 in the county, which shipped over a half million of dollars worth 
 of canned salmon in 1893. Chehalis county has sixteen saw mills 
 and eleven shingle mills. 
 
 The county abounds in fertile valleys and extensive table lands, 
 upon which grow and thrive all kinds of grain, vegetable products 
 and fruits of all varieties. 
 
 Taxable PROPERxr, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $7,801,663 00 
 
 Personal property : 1,009,342 00 
 
 Railroad personal property and rolling stock 41,735 00 
 
 Railroad track — Taeoma, Olympia & Gray's 
 Harbor, 64 miles 1,056 feet main trabk, and 
 
 3 miles 528 feet side track 362,200 00 
 
 Number of horses 1,544 58,895 00 
 
 cattle 5,350 83,190 00 
 
 sheep 1,464 2,895 00 
 
 hogs , 1,297 3,515 00 
 
 wagons and carriages 611 19,405 00 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 24,300 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 45,130 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 55 
 
 houses 60 108,871 00 
 
 " graded schools 7 
 
 school children, census 1893 3,158 
 
 teachers 103 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 58 99 
 
 female 49 76 
 
 County Seat. 
 Montesano is the county seat of Chehalis county, and is on the 
 Chehalis river, at the head of tide water navigation. Population, 
 census 1892, 1,240. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 19 
 
 CLARKE COUNTY 
 
 On June 2*7, 1844, the provisional government of Oregon created 
 the "District of Vancouver," embracing all the territory west of the 
 Rocky mountains and north of the Columbia river to 54°40' north 
 latitude. December 22, 1845, the word "county" was substituted 
 for "district." At the session of the Oregon legislature, 1850-51, 
 the name "Vancouver" was changed to "Clarke," in honor of 
 General William Clarke, associate of Captain Meriwether Lewis in 
 the Lewis and Clarke overland explorations, 1804-5-6. The pres- 
 ent area of Clarke county is about 600 square miles; population, 
 census 1892, 11,509. The Columbia river, flowing westward from 
 Wallula, turns almost due north from the mouth of the Willamette, 
 forming the south and west boundaries of the county, making about 
 fifty miles of water boundary, to which may be added thirty miles 
 of navigability of the Lewis river for river steamers, thus affording 
 eighty miles of river front,- assuring great facilities for transporta- 
 tion of produce to market. The large portion of the county is level, 
 but approaching the foot hills of the Cascade mountains the surface 
 becomes rolling and broken. With the exception of a few open 
 tracts of prairie lands, called "plains," the county is covered with 
 timber. The county is abundantly watered by the Columbia and 
 its tributaries, viz., the north and south forks of Lewis river, the 
 Salmon, La Camas and Washougal. There are large stretches of 
 grain producing prairies and of bunch grass land, well adapted for 
 grazing. The soil differs in the various parts of the county, the 
 Columbia river bottom laud is of rather a sandy loam and very 
 productive of fruits and vegetables, and is remarkably fine pasture 
 land. The upland is of a rich dark loam and is especially adapted 
 to potatoes, wheat, barley, hops, clover and prunes. Clarke county 
 has a paper mill, estimated investment, $200,000; school for deaf 
 mutes and school for defective youth; also thirteen saw mills, with 
 an annual output of -30,000,000 feet, two shingle mills and three 
 floui-ing mills. 
 
 Taxable Pkopekty, 1893. ,. , 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $5,400,294 00 
 
 Personal property 704,549 00 
 
 Railroad track — Vancouver, Klickitat & Yakima, 
 
 12 miles; Portland & Puget Sound, 14 miles, 
 
 3,220 feet 56,010 00 
 
20 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 " cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 public schools 
 
 Private boarding school for young girls 
 
 College 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 " " enrolled during year. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female ... 
 
 3.272 
 9,287 
 1,534 
 2,786 
 1,030 
 
 $130,880 00 
 
 185,740 00 
 
 3,068 00 
 
 9,751 00 
 
 36,420 00 
 
 12,340 00 
 
 
 12,030 00 
 
 73 
 
 71 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 72,145 00 
 
 4,482 
 
 
 3,386 
 
 
 2,252 
 
 
 98 
 
 
 
 43 55 
 
 
 35 97 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres of land, exclusive of town lots.. 253,022 
 
 Average value of land, exclusive of improvem'ts 11 58 
 
 Number of acres of improved lands 31,000 
 
 timber 268,500 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 19,000 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 5,101,522,000 3,571,065 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Vancouver is the county seat of Clarke county, situated on the 
 north side of the Columbia river, and 100 miles from the Pacific 
 Ocean, and the census of 1892 shows a population of 5,000 inhabi- 
 tants. 
 
 COLUMBIA COUNTY. 
 
 Columbia county was formed from a part of Walla Walla county, 
 November 11, 1875, and has an area of VOO square miles, with a 
 population, census 1892, of 6,397. There are over 100,000 acres 
 of land in Columbia county under cultivation, of which about 
 70,000 are in wheat. The Snake river is the northern bound- 
 ary. The character of the soil along the Snake river bottoms 
 is a li.tJjbt, sandy loam, growing darker toward the southern end of 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 21 
 
 the county in the vicinity of the Blue mountains; it is very easily 
 tilled, and does not need irrigation. The average yield of wheat 
 is 25 bushels per acre; barley, 40 bushels; oats, 40 bushels; corn, 
 17 bushels; potatoes, 200 bushels. Fruits and vegetables grow in 
 abundance. Stock raising is an important factor in the county. 
 The timber consists of pine, spruce, fir, tamarack and balsam. The 
 lumber product is about two and a quarter million feet annually. 
 The county has three sash and door factories, one furniture factory, 
 three broom factories, three flouring mills with chop and feed mills 
 attached, four chop and feed mills and six saw mills. A branch of 
 the Washington & Columbia River Railroad extends to Dayton, 
 and a Union Pacific branch runs to Riparia, on the Snake river. 
 These railroads connect with the navigable Snake river, and afford 
 unusual facilities for transportation. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property', except railroad track $5,400,230 00 
 
 Personal propertj' 843,190 00 
 
 Railroad rolliug stock and personalty 33,070 00 
 
 Railroad track — Union Pacific Railroad, 50 miles 
 1,425 feet main track, and 8 miles 1,161 feet 
 side track; Washington & Columbia River, 
 8 miles 950 feet main track, and 1 mile 2,800 
 
 feet side track 369,720 00 
 
 Number of horses 7,386 221,580 00 
 
 cattle 6,152 79,976 00 
 
 sheep 5,315 10,630 00 
 
 hogs 2,480 8,680 00 
 
 " wagons and carriages 1,073 34,440 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 29.385 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 49 
 
 schools 52 
 
 Total school property 70,636 50 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 2,497 
 
 school children enrolled during year.... 1,999 
 
 Average dailj' attendance 1,311 
 
 Number of teachers 82 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 55 20 
 
 female 44 45 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 251,448 
 
 Number acres improved land 114,509 
 
 Acres of timber 192,000 
 
22 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 11,000 
 
 Average stunipage per thousand feet $1 00 
 
 Number of feet standing 2,112,000,000 2,112,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Dayton is the county seat of Columbia county, and is situated on 
 the Touchet river at the eastern terminus of the Dayton branch of 
 the Union Pacific Railroad, and also of the Washington & Columbia 
 River Railway. Population, last census, 1,880. 
 
 CLALLAM COUNTY. 
 
 Clallam county is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and 
 on the north by the Straits of San Juan de Fuca, and has an area of 
 2,050 square miles. It is largely made up of mountainous sections 
 densely covered with timber, with small fertile valleys between the 
 mountain ranges. Skirting the straits from its eastern boundary 
 to Port Angeles is a wide belt of excellent agricultural land. The 
 Quillayute Indian reservation is in the southwest part of the county. 
 The Neah Bay agency (Makah tribe) is located in the northwest- 
 ern part of the county, at the entrance of the Straits of Fnca. 
 Clallam county was organized on April 26, 1854. Wheat, oats, 
 barley and hay are grown with great success; the average yield 
 of wheat per acre being 30 bushels. Fruits of all kinds are grown 
 in abundance. Potatoes and garden stock yield immensely. Clal- 
 lam county has five saw mills, with an annual output of 20,0000,000 
 feet; also two shingle mills, with an annual output of 24,000,000 
 
 shingles. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvemfents on laud held under United States. 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 
 $2,400,294 00 
 
 
 262,220 00 
 
 672 
 
 26,880 00 
 
 1,804 
 
 86,080 00 
 
 1,176 
 
 2,352 00 
 
 616 
 
 2,156 00 
 
 272 
 
 
 
 91,583 00 
 
 27 
 
 
 27 
 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 23 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 ," of chikh-eu enrolled during year. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers , 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 " female... 
 
 
 $28,199 00 
 
 1,494 
 
 
 1,158 
 
 
 730 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 49 G2 
 
 
 45 58 
 
 159,460 
 
 
 4.727 
 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 
 
 Number acres improved land 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 1,910 00 
 
 Acres of timber 1,004,000 
 
 Average standing timber, per acre 35,000 
 
 Average stumpage per thousand feet 50 
 
 Number feet standing timber 35,100,000,000 12,550.000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Port Angeles is the county seat of Clallam county, and is situate 
 on the Straits of San Juan de Fuca, sixty miles from the ocean. 
 Population, last census, 3,000. Assessed valuation, |;2,000,000. 
 
 COWLITZ COUNTY. 
 
 Cowlitz county was organized April 21, 1854. It was originally 
 a part of Lewis county. It has an area of 1,100 square miles, and 
 a population of 6,736. The chief industries are farming, lumbering, 
 and salmon fishing and packing. It borders on the Columbia river, 
 and its entire length north and south is traversed by the Cowlitz 
 river, paralleled by the Northern Pacific Railroad. The soil is 
 varied as to locality, being sandy loam mixed with vegetable mould, 
 beaver dam soil and shot clay. Wheat, oats, bai'ley, hops, hay and 
 all kinds of vegetables yield immensely. Fruit is very productive. 
 All the fruits grown anywhere in Washington are cultivated with 
 great success. The soil is easily worked and kept clean, and is 
 seldom too wet to work, and not only makes good farm land, but 
 what is of great importance, it makes good roads as well. Coal 
 veins have been discovered, but are as yet undeveloped. Near 
 Kalama there is an extensive ledge of granite. 
 
 There are four saw mills in this county, with an annual output 
 
24 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 of 12,000,000 feet of lumber. Six shingle mills produce 60,000,- 
 000 shingles yearly, valued at $90,000. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad tracks 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 29 miles 1,056 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 2,710 feet side 
 track; Ostrander, 3 miles 1,320 feet main 
 track, and 1,760 feet side track; Brock Log- 
 ging (narrow gauge), 2 miles 2,540 feet; An- 
 chor Coal and Development Company, 2 
 miles; Portland & Pnget Sound, 27 miles 110 
 
 feet 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 enrolled 1893 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers \ 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Value. 
 $3,162,792 00 
 453,124 00 
 41,084 00 
 
 
 221,784 00 
 
 1,691 
 
 67,640 00 
 
 6,453 
 
 109,701 00 
 
 976 
 
 1,952 00 
 
 1,393 
 
 4,876 00 
 
 481 
 
 13,853 00 
 
 
 35,701 00 
 
 55 
 
 
 51 
 
 
 
 31,485 00 
 
 2,385 
 
 
 1,959 
 
 
 1,309 
 
 
 76 
 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 318,585 
 
 improved land 9,549 
 
 " timber 521,460 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 20,000 
 
 " stumpage per thousand feet 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 10,429,200,000 
 
 44 68 
 38 11 
 
 60 
 6,257,520 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 
 Kalaraa is the county seat of Cowlitz ' county, situate on the 
 
 Columbia river at the point where the Northern Pacific trains are 
 
 transferred across the river by means of a large transport, built 
 
 especially for that purpose. Population, United States census, 325. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 25 
 
 DOUGLAS COUNTY. 
 
 The county of Douglas was formed by the territorial legislature 
 of 1883 by cutting off the western portion of the Big Bend plateau 
 of the Columbia river from the county of Spokane. At the time 
 of its organization the county had not to exceed 150 people within 
 its borders. The census enumeration of 1892 shows a population 
 of 4,284. 
 
 It is situated in the central portion of the state, is 120 by 60 
 miles in area, and constitutes what is known as the "Big Bend 
 country," owing to the fact that it is cii'cled about on the north, 
 west and south by the Columbia river. 
 
 The southern portion is flat and sandy, and at present is utilized 
 for stock range only. The northern half is rolling bunch grass 
 prairie of a loamy soil with clay subsoil — similar to the soil of the 
 Palouse and Walla Walla countries. Wheat, oats, barley and rye 
 are sure crops, and vegetables of every description do extra well. 
 The yield of wheat is from 20 to 35 bushels per acre, according to 
 the season and character of cultivation. Apples, pears, plums, 
 prunes and small fruits yield well, and are free from pests. Along 
 the Columbia river peaches, grapes, etc., reach the highest degree 
 of perfection. 
 
 The climate is mild and salubrious. The winters are from ten 
 to fourteen weeks in length. Considerable snow falls, but exces- 
 sive cold, high winds and tornadoes are unknown. 
 
 The principal settlement is in the vicinity of Waterville, the 
 county seat and principal town, and in the eastern portion of the 
 county east of Grand Coulee. There is yet much good land subject 
 to homestead entry east and northeast of Waterville, and also some 
 in the vicinity of Grand Coulee. Patented land, improved and uu- . 
 improved, can be bought at from $5 to $20 per acre, according to 
 locality and degree of improvement. 
 
 Transi:)ortation is furnished to eastern Douglas county by a 
 branch of the Northern Pacific Railroad. The Great Northern Rail- 
 way passes through the southern half of the county, crossing the 
 Columbia river near Rock Island. The grain raising region around 
 Waterville reaches the Great Northern by boat via the Columbia. 
 
 In this county are located two flouring mills, five saw mills and 
 three shingle mills. 
 
26 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1898. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 
 
 Railroad track — Great Northern Railway, 72 
 miles 686 feet main ti'ack, and 3 miles 4,171 
 feet side track; Northern Pacific (Central 
 Washington), 19 miles 3,640 feet main track, 
 
 and 1 mile 3,931 feet side track 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 hogs .. 
 
 Wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 Number of children enrolled during year 
 
 Average dailj' attendance 
 
 Number of teachers 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 " female 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 
 
 " of land improved 
 
 Value. 
 $1,575,161 00 
 569,441 00 
 69,484 00 
 
 
 497,370 00 
 
 10,183 
 
 203,660 00 
 
 9,425 
 
 122,525 00 
 
 2,166 
 
 4,332 00 
 
 762 
 
 2,667 00 
 
 829 
 
 25,730 00 
 
 
 44,754 00 
 
 38 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 35,450 00 
 
 1,169 
 
 
 957 
 
 
 561 
 
 
 58 
 
 
 718,408 
 46,429 
 
 47 01 
 41 37 
 
 County Seat. 
 
 Waterville, the county seat, is in the northern portion of the 
 county, within the Big Bend, about six miles east of the Columbia 
 river. Population, census 1800, 538. 
 
 At Waterville is located one of the United States land offices for 
 this state. 
 
 FRANKLIN COUNTY. 
 
 The county of Franklin was organized November 27, 1883. It 
 has an area of 1,000 square miles and a population of 693. It is 
 enclosed within the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers, 
 Pasco being its county seat, at the junction in the southern part of 
 the county. The Northern Pacific Railroad enters the county at 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 27 
 
 Pasco and runs directly north, dividing the county into nearly equal 
 parts. The chief industry is stock raising. The soil is sandy and 
 covered with sage brush, with occasional intervals of bunch grass 
 fit for pasturage, but the county is treeless and may be termed 
 desert land. Irrigation will, however, reclaim the land and make 
 it extremely productive. Along the river banks, peaches, grapes and 
 the small fruits are successfully raised. Alfalfa, vegetables, wheat 
 and oats are also raised. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1898. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $504,219 00 
 
 Personal property 193,288 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 97,226 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 46 miles 728 feet 
 main track, and 6 miles 4,074 feet side track; 
 Oregon Railway and Navigation, 28 miles 3,278 
 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 208 feet side track 414,894 00 
 
 Number of horses 3,197 68,940 00 
 
 cattle 1,062 12,744 00 
 
 sheep 1,800 3,600 00 
 
 hogs 58 203 00 
 
 " wagons and carriages 49 982 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 4 
 
 school houses 4 
 
 Total school property 4,205 00 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 97 
 
 " enrolled during year 94 
 
 Average daily attendance 66 
 
 Number of teachers 6 
 
 Average monthly compensation, males 70 00 
 
 females 50 00 
 
 Othek Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, excluding town lots 410,390 
 
 Steamboats, etc • 375 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Pasco is the county seat of Franklin county, at the junction of 
 the Columbia and Snake rivers (both navigable), and where the 
 Northern Pacific crosses the Columbia river. Population, census 
 
 1892, 500. 
 
28 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 GARFIELD COUNTY. 
 
 Set off from Columbia county at the session of the territorial 
 legislature of 1881. Area, 650 square miles; population, 3,573. 
 Farming, fruit growing and stock raising are the chief industries. 
 Garfield county has two flouring and three saw mills, and, in pro- 
 portion to area, is one of the best settled and most productive 
 counties in the state. It is the hub of the famous Palouse wheat 
 belt; its cultivated area yielding from 25 to 60 bushels of wheat and 
 a proportionate number of bushels of oats per acre, the soil being 
 equally adapted to either product. The surface is rolling and easily 
 tilled. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 
 
 Railroad track — Union Pacific, 16 miles 264 feet 
 
 main track, and 1 mile 2,323 feet side track .... 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 " cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 children enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female.... 
 
 
 Value. 
 
 $1,173,298 00 
 403,872 00 
 
 
 9,718 00 
 
 
 88,117 00 
 
 6,817 
 6,517 
 7,473 
 1,994 
 
 824 
 
 136,340 00 
 
 78,204 00 
 
 14,946 00 
 
 6,979 00 
 
 19,300 00 
 
 4,735 00 
 
 37 
 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 38,456 00 
 
 1.524 
 
 
 1,272 
 
 
 804 
 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 49 00 
 
 
 42 30 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres land taxable, exclusive of town lots.. ..-..'. 343,146 
 
 " improved 94,569 
 
 Number of acres of timber 71,680 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 11,000 
 
 stumpage per thousand feet 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 788,481,000 
 
 1 00 
 
 788,481 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 29 
 
 County Seat. 
 The county seat of Gaitield county is Pomeroy, situated on 
 Pataha creek, and is the terminus of the Pomeroy branch of the 
 Union Pacific Railroad. Population, 1,200. 
 
 ISLAND COUNTY. 
 
 Island county was organized by the Oregon legislature January 
 6, 1853. It is constituted of the Islands of Whidby and Camano, 
 hence its name. It is situated at the head of the Straits of Fuca, 
 and surrounded by the waters of Puget Sound. Whidby Island 
 contains 115,000 acres; Camano Island contains 30,000 acres; 
 population 1,790. Camano Island is almost entirely heavily tim- 
 bered with fir, hemlock, cedar, spruce and alder. The greater 
 portion of Whidby Island is timbered with the same varieties. The 
 remainder of the county is prairie and swamp lands, producing 
 wheat, barley, oats, hay, fruit and garden vegetables. The yield 
 of apples, prunes, wheat, oats, hay and vegetables is very great. 
 
 Two saw mills are located in this county, with an annual output 
 of 3,000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Vahie. 
 
 Real property $1,083,658 00 
 
 Personal property' 191,280 00 
 
 Number of horses 503 25,100 00 
 
 cattle 899 17.980 00 
 
 sheep 1.069 2,138 00 
 
 hogs 393 1,376 00 
 
 wagons and carriages 202 6,165 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 1,800 00 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 101,871 
 
 improved 6,846 
 
 Steamboats, etc 94,055 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 12 
 
 houses 12 
 
 Total value school property 6,169 00 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 452 
 
 enrolled for 1893 351 
 
 Average daily attendance 242 
 
30 RESOUEGES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Number of teachers 16 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres of timber 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 
 
 stumpage per thousand feet 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 1,892,154 
 
 County Seat. 
 Coupeville is the county seat of Island county, and is situated on 
 the east side of Whidby Island, sixty miles northwest of Seattle. It 
 was settled in 1852 by Capt. Thomas Coupe, for whom it is named. 
 The population, United States census 1890, was 5.13. 
 
 
 $50 00 
 
 
 43 75 
 
 86,007 
 
 
 32,000 
 
 
 1,892,154 
 
 50 
 
 946,077 00 
 
 JEFFERSON COUNTY. 
 
 Jefferson county was established by the Oregon legislature De- 
 cember 22, 1852. Has an area of 2,000 square miles, and a popu- 
 lation of 7,500. Its shore line on the Straits of Sau Juan de Fuca 
 and Admiralty Inlet embraces the bays or harbors respectively 
 named Port Townsend, Port Discovery and Port Ludlow. Its 
 western boundary borders on the Pacific Ocean. It has 1,280,000 
 acres, of which nearly nine-tenths are mountainous and covered 
 with a heavy growth of fir, spruce, hemlock, cedar and Alaska 
 cedar. At the head of Port Townsend bay is located a United 
 States military post. Fort Townsend. The resources of the county 
 are timber, iron, coal and fish. Deposits of bog iron in the county 
 are said to be inexhaustible. Where cultivated, grain, fruits and 
 vegetables yield extremely well. 
 
 Deposits of bog iron at and around Port Iladlock, at the head of 
 Port Townsend Bay, are well nigh inexhaustible. Large iron works 
 and a smelter are established at this point. At Port Townsend are 
 extensive nail works and a foundry. Jefferson county has five saw 
 mills, with an annual output of 40,000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1894. vaiue. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $3,921,637 00 
 
 Personal property 662,218 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 9,900 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 31 
 
 Railroad track — Port Townsend Southern, 28 
 miles main track, and 1,240 feet side track... 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 " cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 hogs 
 
 Wagous and carriages 
 
 Steamships and vessels 
 
 Improvements on land held uuder United States . 
 
 
 $126,422 00 
 
 496 
 
 19,840 00 
 
 1,458 
 
 24,786 00 
 
 29 
 
 58 00 
 
 204 
 
 714 00 
 
 262 
 
 7.839 00 
 
 ' 
 
 102,110 00 
 
 
 12,245 00 
 
 18 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 142,716 00 
 
 1,166 
 
 
 922 
 
 
 581 
 
 
 38 
 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 Number of children enrolled during year 
 
 Average dail}' attendance 
 
 Number of teachers 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 64 77 
 
 female 52 61 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 134,799 
 
 " improved 2,514 , 
 
 " of timber 1,152,000 
 
 Average feet standing timber per acre 27,500 
 
 " stumpage per thousand feet 50 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 31,640,000,000 15,820,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Port Townsend is the county seat of Jefferson county, and the 
 port of entry of the collection district of Puget Sound. Is the site 
 of the United States marine hospital for the district. Port Town- 
 send has a population of 4,500. 
 
 KING COUNTY. 
 
 King county was created by act of the Oregon legislature on 
 the 22d of December, 1852, the county of Pierce being created at 
 the same time. Franklin Pierce and William Rufus King the 
 month before were elected president and vice president of the 
 United States. The news had just arrived at the Oregon capital, 
 and the legislators of the party in power determined at once to 
 
32 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 further honor these distinguished men by bestowing their names 
 upon the two new far-away counties. 
 
 Timber. 
 King county contains an area of about 2,000 square miles, 
 adapted in the highest degree to the purposes of man. The greater 
 portion of the land is heavily wooded with fir, cedar, spruce, hem- 
 lock, maple, alder, and other varieties of valuable timber. Market- 
 ing this timber has long been one of the chief resources of the people. 
 Puget Sound fir is also a superior timber, and is extensively 
 used abroad for spars, bridges and railroad cars, where length and 
 strength are required. The hemlock of Puget Sound is not only 
 abundant, but is rich in tanic acid almost beyond credence. 
 
 Coal. 
 Six million tons of coal have been mined in King county, and the 
 annual product is about 500,000 tons. The character is lignite, 
 bituminous and semi-bituminous. It is excellent for domestic pur- 
 poses, and for making steam. Coking coals abound, but are as yet 
 but little used. Shipments by sea and by rail to other parts of the 
 state, to California and elsewhere, amount to 300,000 tons a year. 
 
 Iron. 
 Vast deposits of iron ore have been discovered in King county, 
 chiefly in the Snoqualmie and Skykomish districts. The ores are 
 of the richest, averaging nearly 70 per cent, pure iron. Their de- 
 velopement has not yet begun, but promises to begin at an early 
 date. With it will spring up immense industries of various kinds, 
 encouraged as they will additionally be by cheap fuel, water power, 
 fine timber, choice locations, home market, accessibility by land 
 and water, and other reasons no less cogent. 
 
 Clays. 
 The clays of the county have proven fii-st-class. No better sewer 
 pipes are made anywhere. Fine bricks have been sent to the east- 
 ern states for use in fine buildings. Vitrified and fire bricks are 
 made; also tiles and lawn decorations, as well as the more common 
 house bricks. This line of industry has had great development 
 during the past four years. 
 
 Agriculture. 
 
 Three hundred thousand acres of land may be said to be agricul- 
 tural, though not more than one-twentieth of that number are under 
 cultivation. 
 
& 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 33 
 
 Railroads. 
 Five companies own 278 miles of railway in the county. 
 
 Fisheries. 
 
 The fisheries are considerable; the people of the county having 
 greater interests in that direction than any other in the state. 
 They include vessels in the North Pacific seal fishery, salmon can- 
 ning, sending fresh fish to the east, and fish drying. Halibut are 
 extensively handled, also herring, smelt, cod, and other varieties. 
 Oysters, clams, crabs and shrimp abound in the sound, and are al- 
 ready a great featui'e of the fishing trade, and one destined to in- 
 crease indefinitely in the future. Lobsters have been planted of 
 late years, and are expected to multiply and thrive. 
 
 Important Interests. 
 
 Other industries and interests in King county include ship build- 
 ing and repairing, brewing, iron and brass foundries, machine 
 shops, shoemaking and general manufacturing. Gold, silver, lead, 
 gypsum, marble, granite and other materials are found. 
 
 General Information. 
 
 King county is at the center of Puget Sound, in the heart of the 
 State of "Washington. It is favored geographically and topographic- 
 ally, naturally and by man. The only two railroads crossing the 
 Cascade mountains do so over routes and passes within her borders, 
 and the third road is pointing at a pass between the two now occu- 
 pied. The county is possessed of a grand system of waterways, 
 including a long frontage on Puget Sound, beautiful lakes and navi- 
 gable rivers. The climate is wholesome and pleasant. It varies, 
 of course, as one is near to or removed from the mountains. At 
 the county seat the average rainfall is forty odd inches per annum, 
 and the temperature ranges from 20 to 90 degrees. There are 
 probably not more than thirty days in the year when the ther- 
 mometer gets below 30 or above 80, and not more than sixty days 
 when it gets below 40 or above 75. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1898. 
 
 Valv«. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $44,542,710 00 
 
 Personal property 6,771,127 GO 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 127.639 00 
 
 —3 
 
34 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Railroad track — Columbia & Puget Sound, 511 
 miles 310 feet main track, and 10 miles side 
 track; Northei'n Pacific & Puget Sound Sliore, 
 25 miles 1,055 feet main track, and 9 miles 
 1,790 feet side track; Seattle, Lake Shore & 
 Eastern, 64 miles 4,224 feet main track, and 20 
 miles 2,112 feet side track; Seattle & Mon- 
 tana, 15 miles 686 feet main track, and 3 miles 
 5,174 feet side track; Seattle Railway & Ele- 
 vator Company, 4 miles main track, and 3, - 
 583 feet side track; Nortliern Pacific, 48 miles 
 1,056 feet main track, and 5 miles 2,640 feet 
 side track; Green River & Northern, 10 miles 
 2,112 feet main track, and 1 mile 4,224 feet 
 side track; Seattle Belt Line, 22 miles 4,065 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 892 feet side track; 
 Great Noi'thern, 36 miles 4,858 feet main 
 track, and 1 mile 4,435 feet side track 
 
 Cable, motor and electric railways 
 
 Telegraph, telephone and electric lines 
 
 Gas and water mains 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 Number of children enrolled during year.. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthlj'' compensation, male 
 
 " " female 
 
 
 $1,541,575 00 
 
 
 423,400 00 
 
 
 34,790 00 
 
 
 43,500 00 
 
 
 155,430 00 
 
 
 211,180 00 
 
 3,367 
 6.412 
 2,635 
 1,267 
 
 235,690 00 
 
 128,240 00 
 
 5,270 00 
 
 4,435 00 
 
 86,120 00 
 
 112 
 
 
 123 
 
 
 16,831 
 
 1,135,859 00 
 
 11,563 
 
 
 8,034 
 
 
 328 
 
 
 
 62 10 
 
 
 50 00 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, e.xclusive of town lots 474,415 
 
 Number acres improved land 30,554 
 
 Acres timber 879,600 
 
 Average standing, feet per acre 23,000 
 
 Average stumpage per thousand feet 70 
 
 Number of feet standing 20,230,800,000 14,161,560 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 35 
 
 County Seat. 
 Seattle is the county seat of King county, and fronts upon Elli- 
 ott Bay in Puget Sound. It is encircled in the rear by lakes Wash- 
 ington and Union. Terms of United States circuit and district 
 court are held at Seattle. It has a population, census 1892, of 
 58,890. 
 
 KITSAP COUNTY. 
 
 Kitsap county was organized January 16, 1857 with the name of 
 Slaughter county, named after Lieut. William A. Slaughter, U. S. 
 army, who was killed December 4, 1855, by Indians. The voters 
 of the county were afterwards authorized by the law to select a 
 permanent name, which they did, selecting the name of Kitsap, 
 name of the Indian chief of the jjeninsula, one of the ablest leaders 
 of the hostiles, and to whom is attributed the killing of the gallant 
 Slaughter. The county is constituted of the peninsula between 
 Hood's Canal and Admiralty Inlet, and includes Bainbridge and 
 Blake's Islands, with fifty miles shore line on Hood's Canal and 
 eighty miles on Admiralty Inlet. It has an area of 400 square miles 
 and a population of 5,144. The chief industry is lumbering, the 
 greater portion of the county being heavily timbered. It has 
 within its limits a number of large saw mills, of which two, Port 
 Gamble and Port Blakely, are among the largest on the coast. 
 The soil of the county is marsh and peat bottom, clay upland and 
 shot clay. The products of the county are hay, wheat, barley, oats, 
 potatoes, apples, pears and all kinds of small fruits. 
 
 Taxable Property. 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property $1,944,993 00 
 
 Personal i)roperty 613,727 00 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 290,490 00 
 
 Number of horses 191 7,640 00 
 
 cattle 035 12,700 00 
 
 sheep 30 60 00 
 
 hogs 182 637 00 
 
 wagons and caiTiages 90 2,335 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 40 
 
 school houses 32 
 
36 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 " of children enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed, 1893 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 " " " female 
 
 
 $27,803 80 
 
 1,643 
 
 
 1,059 
 
 
 697 
 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 49 85 
 
 
 42 08 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 188,786 
 
 Number acres improved land 4,910 
 
 Number of acres standing timber 192,000 
 
 feet " " 3,840.000,000 1,920,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 
 Sidney is the county seat of Kitsap county and is seventeen miles 
 southwest of Seattle, across the Sound. Has a population, United 
 States census 1890, of 579. 
 
 Just across Port Orchard Bay, one and one-half miles from Sid- 
 ney, is the site selected for the United States naval station on Puget 
 Sound. Work has been progressing here for over two years and is 
 still being carried on with vigor. It is expected that the station 
 will be completed in five years from date of commencement. 
 
 KITTITAS COUNTY. 
 
 Kittitas county was established November 24, 1883. It lies near 
 the geographic center of the state. The Columbia river forms its 
 eastern boundary; the Cascade mountains bound it on the west; it 
 has a population of 8,006, and an ai'ea of 3,000 square miles. Kit- 
 titas county contains an immense area of fine grazing lands, vast 
 forests of good, merchantable timber, natural hay meadows, mineral 
 wealth and valuable deposits of coal and iron. The principal crops 
 are wheat, oats, barley, alfalfa and garden products. Plums, pears 
 and apples are the best yielding fruit jjroducts, but cherries and the 
 small fruits do well. The county is traversed on the east side by 
 the Great Northern Railroad, with a mileage of 53 miles, and 
 through the center runs the Northern Pacific Railroad, from the 
 north to the south, a distance of 78 miles. Kittitas county has fif- 
 teen sawmills and three shingle mills. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 37 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track 
 
 Personal propertj' 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 
 
 Railroad tracks — Gi'eat Northern, 51 miles 4,598 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 4,593 feet side 
 track; Northern Pacific, 78 miles 3.168 feet 
 main track, and 12 miles 3,630 feet side 
 
 track 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 " enrolled during year.. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed, 1893 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Value. 
 
 $3,096,749 00 
 
 1.145,086 00 
 
 106,535 00 
 
 
 724,490 00 
 
 5,150 
 
 154,680 00 
 
 7,537 
 
 105,518 00 
 
 22,353 
 
 44.706 00 
 
 2,142 
 
 7,497 00 
 
 1.005 
 
 37,447 00 
 
 42 
 37 
 
 2,751 
 
 2,121 
 
 1,318 
 
 43 
 
 83,991 25 
 
 59 44 
 46 55 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 513,124 
 
 improved land 41,156 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 39,905 00 
 
 Number of acres standing timber 1,280,000 
 
 feet standing timber 25,600,000,000 15,360,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 EUensburgh, the county seat of Kittitas county, is situated on 
 the Yakima river and the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad. 
 The State Normal School is located here. Population, United 
 States census 1892, 2,400. 
 
 KLICKITAT COUNTY. 
 
 Klickitat county was organized December 20, 1859. It has an 
 area of 2,200 square miles and a population of 5,258. The southern 
 and eastern boundary is the Columbia river, which borders Klicki- 
 tat county for a distance of 100 miles. Numerous streams flow 
 
38 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 through the county into the Columbia river, the valleys of which 
 are very fertile. Stock raising is the prevailing industry. Along 
 the Columbia is a large amount of fertile lands, req[uiring irriga- 
 tion, where hay and grain are grown with splendid success. Toward 
 the mountains and upon the foot hills a vast stock range exists, and 
 upon which vast herds of cattle and horses are pastured winter and 
 summer. Quantities of coal are found in this county. The north 
 and western parts are principally covered with timber — red fir, 
 yellow and black pine, hemlock, spruce and tamarack. Fruit of all 
 vai-ieties — apples, pears, prunes, plums, apricots, peaches, grapes, 
 cherries and crab apples — do remarkably well in this county; also, 
 all of the smaller fruits and berries. Klickitat county has three 
 flouring mills, ten saw mills and five shingle mills. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 " cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 hogs 
 
 wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 enrolled dux'ing 3'ear 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Value. 
 
 .5 
 
 ^1,197,560 00 
 
 
 602,965 00 
 
 9,602 
 
 192,040 00 
 
 8,774 
 
 105,228 00 
 
 61,188 
 
 122,376 00 
 
 5,855 
 
 20,493 00 
 
 1,274 
 
 37,825 00 
 
 
 69,527 00 
 
 55 
 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 21,430 00 
 
 2,175 
 
 
 1,680 
 
 
 1,022 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 39 45 
 
 
 38 19 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots, 452,089 
 
 " improved laud 43,472 
 
 " timber 602,080 
 
 feet standing timber 12,041,600,000 6,020,800 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Goldendale is the county seat of Klickitat county, and was settled 
 in 1874. It is located on Little Klickitat river. Population, 1,900. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 39 
 
 LEWIS COUNTY. 
 
 Lewis is one of the two oldest organized counties in Western Wash- 
 ington, being organized by the provisional government of Oregon, 
 December 21, 1845. It lies about midway between Paget Sound 
 and the Columbia river. Its navigable waters are the Cowlitz 
 river, having for its source the eternal snows of Mt. St. Helens, and 
 fipwing through the south part of the county to the Columbia river, 
 and the Chehalis river, whose headwaters are in the Coast range to 
 the southwest, and which empties into Gray's Harbor on the west. 
 The topography of the county is that of an undulated valley be- 
 tween the Cascade and the Coast ranges, abundantly watered with 
 numerous rivers and living springs. The greater portion of the 
 land was originally covered with timber such as is common on the 
 northwest coast, valuable in itself, and now" worth about as much 
 per acre as land in the highest cultivation. The total area of the 
 county is about 2,000 square miles, upwards of -50,000 acres of 
 which was originally prairie land, distributed in various portions 
 of the county. Along the Cowlitz, Newaukum and Chehalis rivers 
 and their tributaries the rich bottom land has beeu cleared off until 
 the land available for agriculture has been greatly increased. In 
 miles the width of the county is about 30, the length, 100. Popu- 
 lation, 1*7,000. 
 
 Among the great resources of Lewds county are lumbering, dairy- 
 ing and fruit raising. In 1890 the cut of lumber by the Lewis 
 county mills was 116,500,000 feet. According to reliable estimates 
 the number of acres of standing timber in Lewis county is 1,413,- 
 600; number of feet standing, 30,392,400,000; stumpage value, 
 115,196,000. According to the 1890 census figures, Lewis county 
 alone has more standing timber than either of .the entire states of 
 Michigan or Wisconsin, and almost twice as much timber as Min- 
 nesota, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Maine and New York combined. 
 
 Lewis county's prospects, from a mineral standpoint, are very 
 bright also. Bituminous coal is found in abundance in nearly 
 every part of the county, while in the upper Cowlitz valley anthra- 
 cite has been found and development work is every day revealing 
 to the owners of the mine its great richness. Considerable gold 
 and silver prospecting is being done continually in Lewis county 
 
40 BE SOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 on Green liver and Mineral creek, and in other parts, with very en- 
 couraging reports. 
 
 In the production of certain kinds of standard fruit Lewis county 
 fully equals the best fruit regions in quantity and quality produced. 
 Prunes of several varieties, including French. German, Gross and 
 Silver, have been grown here for several years with marked success. 
 Pears of all varieties thrive. The fruit grows large and of excel- 
 lent quality. Cherries do remarkably well. Apples are produced 
 in abundance. Strawberries and other berries are in their element. 
 Judging from the number of acres already planted and the ne.w 
 orchards proposed, fruit growing bids fair to become one of the 
 greatest and most profitable industries in the county. 
 
 Lewis county has three flouring mills, sixteen saw mills and fif- 
 teen shingle mills. 
 
 The Northern Pacific Railroad traverses the county from north 
 to south, affording the best of market facilities. The farming pro- 
 ductions of the county are wheat, oats, barley, hops, and all kinds 
 of vegetables. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad ti'ack $6,214,498 00 
 
 Personal property 698,008 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 41,344 00 
 
 Railroad track —Northern Pacific, 28 miles 3,640 
 feet main track, and 4 miles 39 feet side 
 track; Tacoma, Olympia & Gi'ay's Harbor, 3 
 miles 4,752 feet main track, and 1 mile 1,056 
 feet side track; Yakima & Pacific Coast, 26 
 miles 2,640 feet main track, and 3 miles 3,168 
 feet side track; Tacoma, Olympia & Chehalis 
 
 Valley, 2 miles 5,000 feet 358,051 00 
 
 Number of horses 2,123 84,920 00 
 
 cattle 6,160 104,720 00 
 
 sheep 1,520 3,040 00 
 
 hogs 2,320 8,130 00 
 
 " wagons and carriages 750 19,193 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 32,976 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts , 87 
 
 houses 78 
 
 Total school property 81,506 00 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 5,206 
 
 enrolled during year 3,938 
 
 Average daily attendance 2,668 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 41 
 
 Number of teachers 135 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male $45 20 
 
 " " female 39 43 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 506,033 
 
 improved land 25,674 
 
 County Seat. 
 Chehalis is the county seat, situated at the junction of the Che- 
 halis and Newaukura rivers, on line of Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 and thirty-three miles distant from Olympia. Population, 1,818. 
 
 LINCOLN COUNTY 
 
 Lincoln county was organized November 24, 1883. It has an 
 area of 2,200 square miles and a population of 9,540. It is located 
 within the Big Bend of the Columbia. The plains are covered with 
 bunch grass and are covered with large herds of stock. When 
 irrigated this land will yield immense crops. Wheat, oats, rye and 
 barley make good crops in the bottom lands. Large crops of hay 
 are raised in this county. A fine marble quarry is located near 
 Fort Spokane. In the county are five flouring mills, twelve saw 
 mills, three shingle mills and one sash and door factory. 
 
 A few years ago that part of Lincoln county known as the "Big 
 
 Bend" was considered strictly a stock country, with only a few 
 
 scattered valleys fit for agricultural purposes. During the past few 
 
 years great changes have taken place, and the "Big Bend" stands 
 
 to-day unrivaled as the finest wheat producing land in the State of 
 
 Washington. Taking a section of the country thirty miles square, 
 
 with the town of Wilbur in the center, it is estimated that about 
 
 one-sixth of it, or 9(),000 acres, was under cultivation last year 
 
 (1893). As near as can be ascertained, the following amount of 
 
 grain was threshed within this territory last year: Wheat, 780,000 
 
 bushels; oats, 130,000 bushels; barley, 65,000 bushels, and rye, 
 
 4,000 bushels. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $4,066,255 00 
 
 Personal property 1,279,177 00 
 
42 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Rolling stock and railroad personalty 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 16 miles 2,640 
 feet main track, and 5 miles 1,058 feet side 
 track; Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern, 21 miles 
 4,752 feet main track, and 2,791 feet side track; 
 Central Washington, 66 miles 528 feet main 
 track, and 4 miles 1,564 feet side track; Great 
 Northern, 63 miles 3,799 feet main track, and 
 
 6 miles 5,016 feet side track 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 '' hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school propert.y 
 
 Number of school children 
 
 children enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachei's employed, 1893 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 $167,775 00 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 963,833 
 
 Number of acres improved land 306,980 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 
 
 Number of acres of timber 140,800 
 
 feet of standing timber 985,600,000 
 
 
 936,544 00 
 
 17,131 
 
 15,413 
 
 7,443 
 
 1,927 
 
 1,650 
 
 96 
 
 445,406 00 
 154,130 00 
 
 14,886 00 
 7,370 00 
 
 50,765 00 
 
 85 
 
 
 
 70,378 00 
 
 3,233 
 2,607 
 
 
 1,574 
 
 
 156 
 
 
 
 47 35 
 
 
 45 94 
 
 71,135 00 
 788,480 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Sprague is the county seat of Lincoln county, situate on the main 
 line of the Northern Pacific railroad, and forty-one miles south- 
 west from Spokane. Population, United States census of 1890, 
 1,(J89. 
 
 MASON COUNTY 
 
 Mason county was organized March 13, 1854, and was named 
 after the first secretary of the territory. 
 
 Mason county covers the southwestern arms of Paget Sound, its 
 main industry being lumbering, but stock raising, hay, vegetables, 
 oysters and fruit are also sources of considerable profit to the 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. .43 
 
 county. The assessed valuation of real estate and improvements 
 for 1893 was $1,498,777; personal property, -ii<l 10,000; railroad 
 track, $123,878. 
 
 In timber the chief merchantable i)roduct is fir, although fine 
 cedar and all kinds of hard woods abound in all sections, but there 
 is little present demand for the latter. Three sawmills are located 
 in the county, supplying the local demand. 
 
 Lumbering in 1893. 
 
 Mason county produced, during 1893, 101,920,770 feet of logs, 
 valued at 1560,564. The price was low, averaging from $4.50 up- 
 ward, according to the extra length or quality of the timber. 
 
 Thetotal product of 1891 was 87,400,000 feet, valued at $568,105; 
 1892, 105,143,527 feet, valued at $669,302.50. The value of the 
 1893 product is based on $5.50 per thousand, and that of former 
 years at $6. 
 
 Three large railroad concerns are devoted chiefiy to logging pur- 
 poses. The Washington Southern, 20 miles long, and the Shel- 
 ton Southwestern, 14 miles long, with termini at Shelton; the 
 Puget Sound &, Gray's Harbor Railroad, 28 miles, terminating at 
 New Kamilcbie. Another railroad, the Union River Logging Rail- 
 road, at the head of Hood's Canal, owned by the Puget Mill Co., 
 has not been operated for the past four years, the company finding 
 it cheaper to buy outside logs, saving their timber and operating 
 
 expenses. , 
 
 Farming. 
 
 Hay is the largest crop raised by the farmers, large amounts being 
 consumed by the logging camps of the county, as are also potatoes 
 and other root crops, for which the soil is most suitable and produces 
 heavy crops. Hay cuts from two to four tons to the acre, two crops 
 a season, and some of the heaviest potato crops on record have been 
 produced in this section. The attention of the farmers is being- 
 directed to fruit growing, and large increases of acreage are made 
 each year. Of large and small fruits, enough to supply all local 
 demand and considerable for shipment is produced, but the latter 
 is unsatisfactory in its results, and canneries will be introduced by 
 another year. 
 
 The bottom lauds and those of the middle class produce heavily 
 of any crop, but the upper lands are generally not of much value 
 except for fruit trees, but in favored localities, and where there is 
 not too much gravel all crops suitable for dry lands can be raised 
 
44: RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 with good results. Wherever fruit is grown in this section it is 
 generally necessary to thin out to prevent overbearing or injury to 
 the trees. Little attention has been paid to old orchards, and, 
 while producing heavily, the crop is not always satisfactory, but 
 the newer orchards, just coming into bearing, will bring Mason 
 county to the front for fine fruit. 
 
 Oysters. 
 
 Oyster Bay produces the famous bivalve known to the trade as 
 the "Olympia oyster," the weekly shipment averaging 200 sacks, 
 at about $2.50 per sack. Several other bays also furnish oysters 
 in merchantable quantities. Clams and all kinds of fish are found 
 in the salt waters. Mason county is a well known sporting sec- 
 tion; its lakes and sti'eams abound in fine trout, and its woods with 
 game of all kinds, all convenient of access. 
 
 Coal, iron, tin and copper veins have been found, and gold and 
 silver, but nothing in paying quantities has yet been found. A mine 
 of high grade hematite iron ore is being worked in the Olympic 
 mountains, near Lake Cushman. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track $1,546,262 00 
 
 Personal property 190,760 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 45.630 00 
 
 Railroad track — Washington Southern, 13 miles 
 2,000 feet niain track, and 1 mile 2,475 feet 
 side track; Shelton Southwestern, 9 miles 
 1,920 feet; Puget Sound ct Gray's Harbor, 21 
 miles 2,640 feet main track, and 2 miles side 
 track; Northern Pacitic. 1 mile 1,056 feet 
 
 main track, and 516 feet side track 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 " " enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed, 1893 
 
 
 166,270 00 
 
 .520 
 
 26,000 00 
 
 1.832 
 
 30,974 00 
 
 226 
 
 452 00 
 
 320 
 
 1,120 00 
 
 175 
 
 4,730 00 
 
 28 
 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 24,123 00 
 
 896 
 
 
 597 
 
 
 376 
 
 
 37 
 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 45 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male $49 96 
 
 female 49 89 
 
 Otheu Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres of timber 4()(),8fl0 
 
 feet standing timber 12,441,600,000 7,464,960 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Shelton is the county seat of Mason county, and lies twenty-two 
 miles northwest of Olympia, on Puget Sound. Population, 648. 
 
 OKANOGAN COUNTY. 
 
 Okanogan county was organized February 2, 1888, and has an 
 area of 7,644 square miles, population 2,5'78. About one-third of 
 the area of the county is within the Colville Indian reservation. 
 Its mines are its greatest source of wealth, and mining is its chief 
 industry. There is, however, a large quantity of valuable timber 
 in this county, and for stock raising it cannot be surpassed in the 
 state. Wherever tried the land has produced good crops of wheat, 
 oats and barley, while vegetables give large returns. The finest 
 varieties of fruit do well, and all small fruits and berries yield 
 abundantly. In every valley there is evidence of mineral wealth. 
 On the Twisp, a branch of the Methow river, a field of coal out- 
 crops for a distance of five miles. The formation is sandstone, 
 with shale lying between the veins. Its character is semi-anthra- 
 cite, and it cokes freely. 
 
 Okanogan county has ten saw mills with an annual output of 10,- 
 000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track •. $392,53.") 00 
 
 Personal property 548,039 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 11,090 00 
 
 Railroad track — Great jSTorthern, 17 miles 3,696 
 feet main track, and 1 mile 2,428 feet side 
 
 track 96,904 00 
 
 Number of horses 4,981 149,430 00 
 
 cattle 6,244 87,416 00 
 
 sheep. 605 1,210 00 
 
 hogs 210 735 00 
 
46 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Number of wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1803 
 
 '■ enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 61 50 
 
 female 55 50 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots , 73,209 
 
 " improved land 3,367 
 
 " of timber 4,500,000 
 
 Number feet standing timber 22,500,000 18,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Conconully is the county seat, situated on Salmon creek, eighty 
 miles west of Coulee City. Population, 232. 
 
 586 
 
 $18,710 00 
 103,520 00 
 
 23 
 
 
 .15 
 
 
 
 18,561 00 
 
 751 
 
 
 401 
 
 
 271 
 
 
 19 
 
 
 PACIFIC COUNTY. 
 
 Pacific county was established by the legislature of Oregon, Feb- 
 ruary 4, 1851, and has an area of 875 square miles. Population, 
 census 1892, 5,179. It is the extreme southwest county of the 
 state. Bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the south 
 by the Columbia river. The soil of this county is very fertile, and 
 adapted to farming, fruit growing and dairy farming. Its proxim- 
 ity to the Pacific Ocean gives this locality a warm and salubrious 
 climate. Winter is only known as the wet season. Long Beach 
 and North Cove are well known as healthful summer resorts. 
 Among its natural resources, timber takes the lead. Great forests 
 of fir, spruce and cedar cover the hills and contribute largely to its 
 wealth. 
 
 Pacific county has six saw mills, with an annual output of 40,- 
 000,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 The fisheries of this county are of considerable importance. 
 Large beds of oysters lay in sheltered parts of Willapa Bay, 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHING 
 
 and these oysters are noted for their fine flavor. The salmon fish- 
 eries also play an iiuportant part in the product of the county. 
 Coal has been found in considerable quantity in the Willapa valley. 
 The shipping facilities are good. A good harbor, opening in from 
 the sea, in nearly the center of the county, enables vessels to come 
 in and carry away exports; the Columbia river on one side, where 
 boats are continually plying, and the Yakima &, Pacific Coast Rail- 
 way, with its terminus at South Bend, all combine to give this 
 county excellent transportation. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real propert^^ except railroad track $2,101,189 00 
 
 Personal property 598,114 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 73,100 OU 
 
 Raili'oad track — Yakima & Pacific Coast, 30 
 miles 528 feet main track, and 3 miles 1,584 
 feet side track; Ihvaco Railway & Navigation, 
 16 miles main track, and 4,000 feet side track. 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and cai'riages 
 
 Improvements on land held under UnU,ed States 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 Number enrolled during year 
 
 Avei'age daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachei's employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 54 QQ 
 
 female 44 20 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 222,855 
 
 Number acres improved land 4,300 
 
 acres standing timber 414,720 
 
 feet standing timber .....12,532,200,000 6,266,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 South Bend is the county seat of Pacific county, eighteen miles 
 from the ocean and on the Willapa river, terminus of branch line 
 of the Northern Pacific railroad. Estimated population, 2,500. 
 
 
 223,586 00 
 
 585 
 
 20,475 00 
 
 3,044 
 
 51,748 00 
 
 464 
 
 928 00 
 
 176 
 
 616 00 
 
 126 
 
 5,700 on 
 
 
 9,055 00 
 
 37 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 54,180 00 
 
 1,531 
 
 
 1,185 
 
 
 797 
 
 
 55 
 
 
48 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 PIERCE COUNTY. 
 
 The first permanent settlement by white men in the Paget Sound 
 basin was made within what is now Pierce county. The settlement 
 was made by Lieutenant Kittson, of the British Voltigeurs (on 
 leave), then acting as a clerk for the Hudson Bay Company, who 
 erected Fort Nisqually. Pierce county was established by the 
 Oregon legislature December 22, 1852. It has an area of 1,800 
 square miles. Population, state census 1892, 67,675. 
 
 Lumbering. 
 A large proportion of Pierce county is covered with timber, 
 which is an immense source of revenue to the county. There are 
 in this county seventeen large saw mills, which have an annual 
 output of about 1:56,000,000 feet of lumber. The output for 1893 
 was 137,975,769 feet of lumber and 28,363,800 laths, which had a 
 market value of $2,276,134. Beside this large lumbering industry. 
 Pierce county has eighteen shingle mills engaged in the manufacture 
 of red cedar shingles, the output of which was, in 1893, 166,528,090 
 shingles, and which had a market value of $249,792, 
 
 I^rs. 
 Pierce county has a large area of rich agricultural lands in its 
 river valleys and bottoms. The greatest industry in these valleys 
 is that of hop raising. The number of acres in hops is about 4,000, 
 which produced, in 1893, 14,000 bales. 
 
 Coal. 
 In this county are practically inexhaustible coal deposits. Num- 
 bers of coal veins are opened and producing, and improvements and 
 developments are constantly being made on new veins. The aver- 
 age annual output from Pierce county coal mines ending January 
 1, 1892, for the five years preceding, was 267,459 tons. In 1893 
 the output from the Carbon Hill mines was 267,545 tons; from the 
 Wilkeson mines, 77,546 tons, and from the South Prairie mines, 
 52,541, making an output from the county for 1893 of 397,632 tons. 
 The character of the coal is bituminous and semi-bituminous, mak- 
 ing 66 to 68 per cent. coke. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 The iron ores of Pierce county are as yet in an undeveloped state, 
 though vast deposits are known to exist. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 49 
 
 Railroads. 
 Pierce county has three lines of railroad, aggregating 1G4 miles. 
 
 Fisheries. 
 The fishing industry is one of considerable importance, large 
 numbers of boats and men being employed in this direction. The 
 product of 1893 reaching $200,000. Salmon, halibut, herring, 
 smelt, cod, oysters and clams are handled largely. 
 
 Quarries. 
 
 There are extensive quarries of sandstone and granite in Pierce 
 county. At Wilkeson is an extensive quarry of sandstone, varying 
 from dark gray to yellowish gray, and is a superior stone. Excel- 
 lent paving stone and large beds of valuable clays are found within 
 thirty miles of Tacoma. 
 
 Shipping Interests. 
 
 The shipping interests of Pierce county cannot be better shown 
 than by the following lists of exports during 1893: Wheat, value, 
 $2,295,615; flour, value, |i536,598; lumber, value, $684,274; lath, 
 value, 130,969; other timber products, value, $35,814; coal, value, 
 $1,1*79,524; salmon, value, $l'79,37l; miscellaneous, value, $900,- 
 000. Total value of exports, $5,802,165. A line of steamers 
 owned and operated by the Northern Pacific Railroad ply between 
 Tacoma and ports in China. 
 
 Important Interests. 
 Many kinds of manufacturing establishments are located in 
 Pierce county. Machine shops are here; iron and brass factories; 
 boot and shoe making is carried on extensively; ship building, 
 brewing, etc. 
 
 The Washington State Soldiers' Home for honorably discharged 
 union soldiers, sailors and marines, and for members of the state 
 militia disabled while serving the state, is located at Orting. 
 
 Tacoma, the county seat, is one of the sub-ports of entry for 
 Puget Sound district. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. vaiue 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track $39,671,694 00 
 
 Personal property 6,586,874 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 347,885 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 97 miles 3,168 
 feet main track, 51 miles 4,079 feet side track; 
 Tacoma tt Lake Cit}', 10 miles 3,696 feet; 
 Tacoma & Eastern, 6 miles 701,557 00 
 
50 
 
 RESOUEGES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Cable, horse, motor and electric railways 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States. 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Telegraph, telephone and electric lines 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of children enrolled during year 
 
 " school children, census 1893 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 " " female ....„ 
 
 
 $186,425 00 
 
 
 90,000 00 
 
 
 110,600 00 
 
 4,110 
 
 287,700 00 
 
 6,530 
 
 130,600 00 
 
 4,285 
 
 8,570 00 
 
 1,600 
 
 5,310 00 
 
 3,115 
 
 137,060 00 
 
 
 64,300 00 
 
 81 
 
 
 99 
 
 
 
 861,025 00 
 
 9,152 
 
 
 12,697 
 
 
 6,306 
 
 
 377 
 
 
 64 69 
 49 00 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 440,623 
 
 " improved 23,000 
 
 " timber 668,400 
 
 feet standing timber 15,205,100,000 10,643,570 00 
 
 The Tacoma Smelting and Refining Company, located at Tacoma, 
 render a statement of the smelter output for 1893, as follows: 
 
 
 No. 
 bars. 
 
 Total 
 weight. 
 
 No. oz. 
 gold. 
 
 No. oz. 
 silver. 
 
 No. U)s. 
 lead. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Pay roll. 
 
 Totals 
 
 45,571 
 
 4,772,293 
 
 17,852.39 
 
 484,949.22 
 
 4,737,674 
 
 $911,597 62 
 
 175,652 46 
 
 County Seat. 
 Tacoma is the county seat of Pierce county, and is the western 
 terminus of the Northern Pacitic Railroad, and fronts upon Com- 
 mencement Bay, Puget Sound. The population, census 1892, was 
 47,241. 
 
 SAN JUAN COUNTY. 
 
 San Juan was organized October 31, 1873, and has an area of 
 500 square miles; population, census 1892, 2,139. This county 
 lies in the extreme northwestern portion of the state, and consists 
 of the Islands of San -Juan, Orcas, Lopez, Decatur, Blakely, Johns, 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 51 
 
 Stewart, Spiedeu, Flat Top, and numbers of smaller islands — one 
 hundred and sixty-two in ali^ — ^and embracing what is known as 
 the Archipelago de Haro. The Island of San Juan, the largest of 
 the group, is fourteen miles long by six in width, and contains im- 
 mense deposits of lime rock of superior quality, where thousands 
 of barrels of lime are manufactured annually for the markets of 
 the Pacific Coast. These islands are well adapted to grazing, and 
 there is a fair proportion of good agricultural land, made up of 
 bottom lands, marshes and fern prairies. 
 
 Sheep raising and farming are successfully pursued. Apples, 
 pears, plums, prunes, cherries and the small fruits produce abun- 
 dantly. 
 
 There are three saw mills in this county which produce 4,000,000 
 feet of lumber yearly. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Real property 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 " school children enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 46 25 
 
 female 43 30 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 75,137 
 
 " improved land 7,352 
 
 " timber 45,000 
 
 Number of feet standing 900,000,000 540,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Friday Harbor is the county seat of San Juan county, on San 
 Juan Island, with a population, United States census 1892, of 400. 
 
 
 Vcdue. 
 
 
 
 $873,109 00 
 
 
 153,054 
 
 00 
 
 601 
 
 30,050 00 
 
 926 
 
 18,520 
 
 00 
 
 4,621 
 
 9,242 
 
 00 
 
 430 
 
 1,332 
 
 00 
 
 242 
 
 6,010 00 
 
 
 15,955 
 
 00 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 
 12,012 
 
 00 
 
 849 
 
 
 
 610 
 
 
 
 391 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 
 
52 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 SKAGIT COUNTY. 
 
 ^f 
 
 Skagit county was organized November 28, 1883, and has an area 
 of 1,800 square miles. Its population is 8,860. Has a frontage 
 on Puget Sound of 24 miles, and includes the Islands of Fidalgo 
 and Guemes. The county is drained by the Skagit river, the 
 largest river emptying into Puget Sound, which is navigable for 
 sixty miles. The extensive tide marsh lands on the delta of the 
 Skagit, the Swinomish flats, on the Samish river and its valley, and 
 in Beaver marsh, a large part of which has been reclaimed by dyk- 
 ing, are its most productive lands. Nearly all of the tide marshes 
 and thousands of acres of other lands are protected from overflow 
 by dykes and levees. These dyked lands produce heavy crops of 
 hay, oats and hops, fruits and vegetables. The county is heavily 
 timbered back to the mountains. Coal suitable for cokins is in 
 abundance. Extensive deposits of iron are found in several local- 
 ities. Fire clay exists in large quantities. In the Cascade mount- 
 ains, in the eastern part of the county, gold, silver and lead mines 
 are numerous, and are being developed rapidly. On the upper 
 tributaries of the Skagit river placer mines are being operated with 
 success. Ledges of copper have been discovered on Guemes Island. 
 Marble is found in immense quantities on Marble creek. At Baker 
 river and Sauk mountain are large quantities of lime. Numerous 
 ledges of asbestos have been discovered in this county. Good pot- 
 tery clay exists in immense beds within a few miles of Mount 
 Vernon. 
 
 Large quantities of oysters are shipped from the Samish oyster 
 beds. Lumbering is the great industry, Skagit county having 
 thirty saw mills, with an annual output of 51,255,000 feet; and 
 twenty-five shingle mills, with an output of 233,000,000 shingles 
 yearly. 
 
 The Skagit river has numerous small tributaries, which have more 
 or less excellent bottom lands, and which are in some cases used to 
 great advantage in floating logs and lumber to market. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track : $5,534,653 00 
 
 Personal property 821,325 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 76,074 00 
 
', 
 
 BESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 53 
 
 Railroad track — Seattle ct Montana, lU miles 
 main track, and 2 miles 1,760 feet side track; 
 Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern, 28 miles 3,696 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 2,886 feet side 
 track; Seattle ^t Northern, 86 miles main 
 track, and 2 miles side track; Fairhaven & 
 Southern, 18 miles 3,960 feet main track, and 
 5 miles 1,267 feet side track; Fidalgo City & 
 Anacortes, 11 miles 881 feet; Wm. Knight &: 
 Co. (logging), 3 miles 250 feet; unknown, 2 
 
 miles 1,320 feet 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on lauds held under United States, 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 children, census 1893 
 
 enrolled, 1893 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of teachers 1893 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 
 $630,928 00 
 
 2,649 
 
 105,960 00 
 
 5,831 
 
 99,127 00 
 
 1,150 
 
 2,300 00 
 
 1,260 
 
 4,410 00 
 
 981 
 
 27,123 00 
 
 
 20,555 00 
 
 59 
 
 
 59 
 
 
 3,000 
 
 
 2,442 
 
 
 1.665 
 
 
 
 160,503 00 
 
 112 
 
 
 
 54 02 
 
 
 52 67 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 292,575 
 
 Number of acres improved 28,968 
 
 standing timber 596,890 
 
 feet standing timber 15,817,585,000 11,863,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Mount Vernon is the county seat of Skagit county, situate on the 
 Skagit river seven miles from its mouth, and on the line of the 
 Great Northern Railroad. Population, 1,500. 
 
 SKAMANIA COUNTY 
 
 Skamania county was organized March 9, 1854, and has an area 
 of 1,678 square miles. Population, 835. Traversed by the Cascade 
 range, the limited area for settlement immediately borders on the 
 
54 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Columbia river. In this county are the falls of the Columbia 
 river. Around the rapids and falls was constructed the first rail- 
 road west of the Rocky mountains, by the Oregon Steam Naviga- 
 tion Company, to open communication between Portland and the 
 interior. The principal product is lumber and the chief natural 
 resource is timber. This county has two saw mills, with an an- 
 nual output of 450,000 feet of lumber. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property except railroad track 215,263 00 
 
 Personal property 98,495 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 6,310 00 
 
 Railroad track — Cascade Railroad, 6 miles 21,000 00 
 
 Number of horses 245 8,755 00 
 
 cattle 1,004 17,068 00 
 
 sheep 90 180 00 
 
 hogs 359 907 00 
 
 wagons and carriages 94 1,747 00 
 
 Improvements on lands held under United States, 14,987 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 11 
 
 " " houses 5 
 
 Total school property 1,597 00 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 323 
 
 children enrolled during 3'ear 187 
 
 Average daily attendance 146 
 
 Number of teachers employed 11 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 28 33 
 
 female ^ 28 28 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 39,404 
 
 Number of acres improved land 1,691 
 
 Acres timber 750,615 
 
 Number of feet standing 18,765,375,000 7,506,150 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Cascades is the county seat of Skamania county, on the Columbia 
 river, thirty-six miles from Vancouver. Population, 164. 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 55 
 
 SNOHOMISH COUNTY. 
 
 Snohomish county was established January 14, 186 1, and has au 
 area of 1,600 square miles. Population, 1892 census, 14,760. 
 About two-thirds of this county is mountainous, which portion is 
 heavily timbered, and abounds in deposits of gold, silver, copper, 
 iron, coal, marble, granite and sandstone. The western portion, 
 bordering on Puget Sound, is margined by tide flats, expanding 
 into vast deltas at the mouths of the Snohomish and Stilaguamish 
 rivers. These lands have been dyked, and the yield of wheat, 
 barley and oats is enormous. The dyked river bottom land pro- 
 duces heavy crops of hay, oats and hops. Placer gold is found in 
 nearly every stream of the county. The Sultan river placers have 
 been worked for nearly a quarter of a century with good results. 
 The Monte Cristo mining district is near the summit of the Cas- 
 cade range, on the headwaters of the Sauk river. In this district 
 the lodes are found near the summit; the ore is of low grade, but 
 in exhaustless quantity. The ore is galena, with pyrites, silver, 
 carrying gold. Logging and lumbering are among the leading in- 
 dustries, there being fifteen saw mills and thirty shingle mills in 
 the county. At the mouth of the Snohomish river is located the 
 city of Everett, where large manufacturing industries are in opera- 
 tion. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $7,872,019 00 
 
 Personal property 1,463,954 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 194,907 00 
 
 Railroad track — Seattle ct Montana, 44 miles 
 1,953 feet main track, and 3 miles 1,114 feet 
 side track; Great Northern, 40 miles 3,006 
 feet main track, and 2 miles 3,854 feet side 
 track; Everett »fe Monte Cristo, 11 miles 2,600 
 feet; Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern, 42 miles 
 3,168 feet main track, and 5 miles 1,410 feet 
 side track; Everett & Monte Cristo (unfin- 
 ished), 43 miles 3,640 feet.. 796,554 00 
 
 Number of horses 2,199 87,960 00 
 
 cattle , 5,004 85,068 00 
 
 sheep 2,269 4,538 00 
 
 hogs 733 2,566 00 
 
 wagons and carriages 669 17,433 00 
 
56 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States $56,694 00 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 28,739 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 66 
 
 houses 65 
 
 Total school property 183,460 00 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 4,512 
 
 " children enrolled during year 3,088 
 
 Average daily attendance 2,121 
 
 Number of teachers employed 126 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 52 72 
 
 female 47 33 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 364,479 
 
 improved land 15,568 
 
 " timber 900,000 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 25,200,000.000 20,160.000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Snohomish city is the county seat of Snohomish county, situate 
 on the Snohomish river eleven miles from its mouth, and on the 
 line of the Seattle, Lake Shore & Eastern Railroad. Population, 
 
 2,469; assessed valuation, $2,250,000. 
 
 SPOKANE COUNTY 
 
 Spokane county was organized October 30, 1819. It lies on the 
 east border of the state, about midway of the north and south line, 
 and has an area of 1,104,920 acres. It is the eastern doorway of 
 the state, as through it two transcontinental railroads, the Northern 
 Pacific and the Great Northern, enter the state, and another, the 
 Union Pacific, here finds its northwest or Washington terminus. 
 
 Timber. 
 It is a county of great and diversified resources. The northern 
 and central portions are covered with a. scattered growth of timber 
 with prairies and open valleys here and there which are adapted to 
 agriculture and fruit growing, poultry and dairying of the highest 
 class. This interspersion of timber and prairie is not only most con- 
 venient in the supply of wood and lumber near at hand, but it serves 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 57 
 
 the purpose of shelter to orchards and farms. The sontli end of the 
 county is largely prairie, and here are to be found great wheat 
 fields, the soil being especially adapted to the production of this 
 and other cereals. This prairie region, however, has strips of tim- 
 ber running through it and on its borders, so that no settler has far 
 to go for his wood supply. 
 
 Soils. 
 
 The soils of the county vary with the different locations. In the 
 wooded portions it is generally light and sandy, well adapted to 
 vegetables and fruits. The valley of the Spokane is covered with a 
 black, rich soil, spotted with gravel, and is different from anything 
 else in the county. This soil is very rich and much of it is being 
 successfully cultivated, but the presence of the gravel causes it to 
 dry out quickly when the heat of summer comes, and in order to 
 make it fully productive it should be irrigated, which can be easily 
 accomplished by the use of w^ater from the river. The valley is 
 one of the most beautiful pieces of country in the United States. 
 In the prairie district, where are the great grain fields, the soil is 
 deep, loose, and of a dark color. It contains a considerable amount 
 of volcanic ash which gives it its forcible character as well as its 
 great durability. In this soil are produced the highest grain aver- 
 ages, without irrigation, in the United States, as can be seen by a 
 reference to the reports of the department of agriculture. The sur- 
 face of the country is gently rolling, and has a clay sub-soil. 
 
 Products. 
 About 225,000 acres of the county are in cultivation, the agricult- 
 ural products being wheat, oats, barley, rye, hops and hay. About 
 1,200,000 bushels of wheat were grown in 1893, and about 300,000 
 bushels of oats. The average yield of wheat is 20 bushels per acre. 
 Careful farmers can depend on 30 bushels per acre one year with 
 another, no fertilizers being required. Oats run from 40 to 80 
 bushels per acre and barley from 30 to 70 bushels per acre. Nearly 
 all kinds of vegetables grow to the greatest perfection. Potatoes 
 yield prodigiously both in size and quantity. 
 
 Fruits. 
 
 Fruit is one of the great staple products of the county. All 
 
 small fruits flourish wonderfully, while the standard varieties of 
 
 apples, pears, prunes and cherries are grown with great profit. 
 
 About 30,000 prune trees^ were put in during the spring of 1894, 
 
58 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 and some apple orchards of 150 acres in extent. The growing of 
 fruit is perhaps the most profitable industry of the county. The 
 crop is almost a certainty every year; quality of the fruit of the 
 finest, and the market good both at home and in neighboring states. 
 
 Markets and Yield. 
 Spokane county has near at hand a number of extensive mining 
 districts, in which can be sold her surplus fruit crop at excellent 
 prices.. Prune trees generally yield ^3.00 worth of fruit each year. 
 Apples $2.00 to 13.00 each. Cherry and pear trees 1.5.00 each. 
 Apple trees come into bearing in three or four years, pear trees in 
 five years, cherry trees in three years, and prune trees in three 
 years. Irrigation is not necessary, except as auxiliary, as the rain 
 fall of the county is fully twenty inches per annum. 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 Three transcontinental railroads, the Northern Pacific, the Great 
 Northern and the Union Pacific, run through the county. In addi- 
 tion to these great lines, it has the Spokane & Palouse, the Spokane 
 & Northern, the Central Washington, and the Seattle, Lake Shore 
 & Eastern. Thus the county is possessed of a veritable network 
 of railroads, no portion of it being far removed from one or more 
 lines. The total railroad mileage of the county is 226 miles. All 
 this mileage has been laid down since 1882. 
 
 "o^ 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $31,170,955 00 
 
 Personal property 4,138,420 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 231,795 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 48 miles 4,224 
 
 feet main track, and 9 miles 4,224 feet side 
 
 track; Central Washington, 23 miles 3,168 
 
 feet main track, andl mile 90 feet side track; 
 
 Spokane & Palouse, 25 miles main track, and 
 
 4,275 feet side track; Seattle, Lake Shore A: 
 
 Eastern, 25 miles 1,637 feet main track, and 
 
 1 mile 387 feet side track; Oregon Railway & 
 
 Navigation, 44 miles 2,060 feet main track, and 
 ,3 miles 1,530 feet side track; Great Northern, 
 
 55 miles 4,224 feet main track, and 2 miles 4,- 
 
 329 feet side track 1,387,826 00 
 
 Number of horses 12,.535 413,655 00 
 
 cattle 11,842 153,946 00 
 
 sheep 228 476 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 59 
 
 Number of hogs 3.594 $9,079 00 
 
 " wagons and carriages 3,891 115,275 00 
 
 Telegraph, telephone and electric lines 140,600 00 
 
 Cable, horse, motor and electric railways 63,305 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 55,525 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 117 
 
 houses 123 
 
 Total school property 566,489 00 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 10,313 
 
 Number of children enrolled during year 7,554 ....* 
 
 Average daily attendance 4,543 
 
 Number of teachers employed 364 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 57 68 
 
 . " " " female 47 33 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 1,006,159 
 
 Number acres improved land 235,704 
 
 County Seat. 
 Spokane, the county seat, is situated at the falls of the Spokane 
 river, and is on the main lines of both the Northern Pacific and 
 Great Northern Railroads. Six lines of railroad concentrate at this 
 point. It has a population, state census 1892, of 24,000. 
 
 STEVENS COUNTY. 
 
 Established January 19, 1864. County seat, Colville. Perhaps 
 there is no other portion of the State of Washington that presents, 
 as an inducement to enterprise, a greater diversity of natural re- 
 sources than does the county of Stevens. The county comprises 
 an area of about 2,000,000 acres of land, and is situated in the ex- 
 treme northeastern portion or the state. Within the boundaries of 
 the county is included two Indian reservations — the Colville and 
 the Spokane. The Colville reservation is embraced in that portion 
 of the county lying west of the Columbia river, which flows trans- 
 versely across the county from northeast to southwest, and, when 
 opened to white settlers, will add about 1,000,000 acres to the area 
 already mentioned, making Stevens county cover an area of about 
 
60 RESOURCES OF'TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 3,000,000 acres. The surface of the county is broken by low- 
 mountain chains, which cut the country up into valleys and up- 
 lands. The Colville valley, which was almost the first of the set- 
 tled portions of the state, dating as far back as 1832, when the 
 Hudson Bay Company first located trading posts near the present 
 town of Marcus, is famous for its hay products. The uplands 
 comprise a large area of the county, adapted for the raising of 
 grain, gardens and fruit, and the mountains are richly charged 
 with large deposits of silver and lead. 
 
 It may also be said that the great extent of mountain slopes will 
 afford a perpetual range for stock, and the mild and equable climate 
 adapts the country to the business of dairying. In fact dairying 
 can be made the most profitable of all enterprises. 
 
 Along the Columbia river, in the western portion of the county, 
 is a section of country bordering on the Columbia river, sloping to 
 the west and south. This belt of land is about ten miles wide by 
 nearly eighty miles in length. The mean altitude of these lands is 
 about 1,000 feet above sea level. It is well watered by the tim- 
 bered mountains in the background, and has a climate that will 
 admit of the grownng of almost every variety of fruit. In this sec- 
 tion are some of the finest orchards in the state. 
 
 The Old Dominion Mine, which was the first discovery of any 
 importance in the state, was discovered in the spring of 1885. It 
 has produced nearly a million of dollars in silver and lead, and not 
 a dollar of capital has ever been expended upon the property that 
 has not been returned two fold to the owners. At Chewelah, the 
 Eagle Mines have produced thousands of dollars in lead and silver, 
 paying their way from the start. Around the town of Colville is 
 a large section of country that has been prospected with much suc- 
 cess. 
 
 Metaline is situated in the extreme northeastern portion of the 
 county and promises to become a very prosperous mining center. 
 At Boundary City and the town of Northport, in the northern por- 
 tion of the county, are situated some of the most extensive placer 
 mining bars on the coast. Great deposits of marble, slate and 
 onyx are also being developed. Springdale is the center of the 
 lime producing territory, and is a prosperous town. 
 
 Timber. 
 The whole of Stevens county is more or less timbered with pine, 
 fir, tamarack and spruce, and as a lumbering region it will hold its 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 61 
 
 own with any portion of the inland empire. Large mills are now 
 in operation at Northport, Kettle Falls, Colville, Chewelah, Spring- 
 dale, Loon Lake, and at Meyers Falls. 
 
 Railroads. 
 There are 110 miles of the Spokane Falls & Northern Railway 
 and fifteen miles of the Great Northern Railway in the county. 
 
 Crops, Schools, Etc. 
 
 The great mining regions of British Columbia look to Stevens 
 county for their country produce, and the consequence is that good 
 prices for all farm products prevail. 
 
 The public school system of the county has been graded up to a 
 high standard. 
 
 The grain products of the county comprise wheat, oats, barley, 
 rye and corn. 
 
 Stevens county has four tiouriug mills and nine saw mills. 
 
 At the town of Clayton, on the line of the Spokane Falls &, 
 Northern Railway, near the boundary line between Spokane and 
 Stevens counties, is being developed a great bed of kaolin. There 
 is also being established a plant for the manufacture of porcelain 
 ware. The tests have proved very satisfactory, and half a million 
 dollars will be put into machinery at once. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track $1,189,581 00 
 
 Personal property 480,414 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 64,158 00 
 
 Railroad track — Spokane Falls & Northern, 97* 
 miles 4,272 feet main ti'ack, and 4 miles 3,168 
 feet side track; Great Northern, 14 miles 
 3,649 feet main track, and 3,696 feet side 
 
 track 577,692 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 74,095 00 
 
 Telegraph, telephone and electric lines 11,737 00 
 
 Number of horses 4,582 119,132 00 
 
 cattle 9,209 110,508 00 
 
 sheep 399 798 00 
 
 hogs 1,599 5,597 00 
 
 wagons and carriages 1,001 26,053 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 62 
 
 houses : 37 
 
 * There are now 110 miles of this road in Stevens county. 
 
62 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number school children, census 1893 
 
 " children enrolled during year 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable land, exclusive of town lots 
 
 impx'oved laud .• 
 
 
 $25, 
 
 037 00 
 
 2,135 
 
 
 1,557 
 
 
 
 1,040 
 
 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 51 79 
 
 
 46 34 
 
 216,377 
 
 
 14,089 
 
 
 
 County Seat. 
 Colville is the county seat of Stevens county, and the center of a 
 rich mining district; is situated on the Colville river fifteen miles 
 from its junction with the Columbia river. Population, 900. 
 
 THURSTON COUNTY. 
 
 Thurston county was established by the Oregon legislature Jan- 
 uary 12, 1852, and has an area of 700 square miles; population, state 
 census 1892, 12,525. Within the limits of the county as now pre- 
 scribed, the first American settlement in the Puget Sound country 
 was made, in October, 1845. The settlement was made a short dis- 
 tance from the falls of the Des Chutes river, where Tumwater now 
 is, and was made by Col. Michael T. Simmons. The first house 
 was built at the edge of Bush prairie, about two miles south of the 
 falls, on the claim taken by David Kindred, one of the party. The 
 county lies at the head of Puget Sound, its coast line being broken 
 by Budd's Inlet, Mud Bay, South Bay and other inlets. The gen- 
 eral surface is heavily timbered, but there are many intervals of 
 rich bottom land, prairie and other open land, the latter being well 
 adapted to stock raising. Wheat, oats, barley, hops and hay are 
 raised in abundance. All garden vegetables yield profusely. Fruits 
 of all kinds — apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes and cherries, 
 as well as the smaller fruits and berries- — are grown very success- 
 fully. The chief industries are logging and lumbering. The tim- 
 ber consists of fir, cedar, larch, alder, oak, maple and ash. Coal 
 is found in large deposits in the southern part of the county, where 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 63 
 
 coal mining is profitably pursued. At Tenino, the junction of the 
 Northern Pacific and Port Townsend Southern Railroads, immense 
 quarries of superior building stone are found. At Plum Station, 
 on the Port Townsend Southern, and about eight miles from Olym- 
 pia, are found other quarries of good stone. The oyster beds on the 
 inlets near Olympia, with their abundant supply, as also the clams, 
 have become famous. The acreage of transplanted so-called Olym- 
 pia oysters amounts to 200. 
 
 Thurston county has seven saw mills, with a capacity of .50,000,- 
 000 feet of lumber yearly; twelve shingle mills with a capacity of 
 160,000,000 shingles yearly. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track $7,210,644 00 
 
 Personal property 795,499 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 71,605 00 
 
 Railroad track — Portland ctPuget Sound (grade), 
 
 20 miles; Puget Sound & Chehalis, 2 miles 
 
 2,640 feet; Port Townsend Southern, 15 miles 
 
 2,640 feet main track, and 2,640 feet side 
 
 track; Northern Pacific, 24 miles 1,584 feet 
 
 main track, and 3 miles 2,121 feet side track; 
 
 Tacoma, Olympia & Gray's Harbor, 41 miles 
 
 2,640 feet main track, and 3 miles 3,696 feet 
 
 side track 471,045 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 30,735 00 
 
 Telegraph and telephone lines 16,470 00 
 
 Cable, horse, motor and electric railways 9,625 00 
 
 Steamboats, etc... 14,270 00 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 58 
 
 " houses 58 
 
 Total school property 143,992 00 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 3,408 
 
 " " " enrolled during year, 2,360 
 
 Average daily attendance 1,627 
 
 Number of teachers employed 105 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 49 38 
 
 female 39 67 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 353,653 
 
 " " improved 5,186 
 
 " timber 321,000 
 
 feet standing timber 8,346,000,000 6,259,500 00 
 
64 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 County Seat. 
 Olympia, the county seat of Thurston county and the capital of 
 the State of Washington, is situated on Budd's Inlet, the extreme 
 head of Puget Sound, Population, 5,400. Assessed valuation, 
 1893, $3,437,096. 
 
 WAHKIAKUM COUNTY. 
 
 This county was organized April 25, 1854, and has a population 
 of 2,T61. It has an area of 274 square miles, and thirty miles 
 water frontage on the Columbia river. The county is very produc- 
 tive, being chiefly rich bottom and tide lands. Puget Island, con- 
 taining several thousand acres of rich tide land lying north of the ship 
 channel of the Columbia river, is also included in this county. The 
 farm products of the county are chiefly hay, vegetables, butter, beef 
 and pork. Hops do well, but as yet little has been done to develop 
 this industry. The farming is mostly done in the valleys of Deep 
 river, Gray's river, Skamokawa, Elocoman and Crooked creeks, and 
 on Puget Island. The upland is covered by dense forests of valu- 
 able timber, consisting of yellow fir, larch, cedar, spruce and hem- 
 lock; the size of the timber is expressed by the name of the county, 
 "Wahkiakum," an Indian word meaning "large, tall trees." Its 
 present transportation facilities are entirely by water, and consists of 
 three independent lines of steamers. The annual export of manu- 
 factured lumber is 10,000,000 feet; of beef cattle, 1,000 head; of 
 hogs, 1,500; of butter, 80,000 pounds. This county has four saw 
 mills; also seven fish canneries, which can about 100,000 cases of 
 salmon yearly, with an estimated value of 1600,000, 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property $636,640 00 
 
 Personal property 111,880 00 
 
 Number of horses 263 9,205 00 
 
 cattle 2,006 34.102 00 
 
 sheep : 352 704 00 
 
 hogs 507 1,775 00 
 
 " wagons and carriages 82 1,446 00 
 
 Steamboats, etc 19,845 00 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States 7,770 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 65 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Numbei" of school districts 21 
 
 houses 21 
 
 Total school property $10,191 00 
 
 Number of school children, census, 1893 828 
 
 Number of school children enrolled during year.. 543 
 
 Average daily attendance 384 
 
 Number of teachers employed 23 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 43 64 
 
 female 40 84 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 100,190 
 
 Number acres improved land 2,685 
 
 Acres of timber 102,840 
 
 Number of feet standing timber 2,180,208,000 1,635.156 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 Catblamet is the county seat, situated on the bank of the Colum- 
 bia river. Large canning works are established here. Population, 
 
 600. 
 
 WALLA WALLA COUNTY 
 
 This county was established April 25, 1854. It has an area of 
 2,000 square miles, and a population of 12,6'71. Walla Walla 
 county has three distinct classes of lands, viz. : The low-lying, 
 sandy plains along the Columbia and Snake rivers; the elevated 
 plateaus between the Snake river and the Walla Walla valley, em- 
 bracing the Eureka Flats, and the valleys of the Walla Walla river 
 and its tributaries. The first mentioned lands are of little value 
 without irrigation, but a vast quantity of them have been reclaimed 
 and are among the finest fruit lands in the state. The plateaus are 
 extensive, covering about one-third of the area of the county, and 
 are well farmed. The soil is light and sandy. The valley lands 
 are almost one continuous grain field, interspersed with orchards. 
 
 Productions. 
 Wheat is a great agricultural staple. Barley, oats and flax are ex- 
 tensively raised. Timothy and alfalfa are important crops, also 
 corn and rye. Along the banks of the Columbia and Snake rivers, 
 and in the Walla Walla valley itself, irrigation is rapidly trans- 
 forming what was once considered desert lands into orchard, gar- 
 —5 
 
66 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 dens and meadows. On non-irrigated lands potatoes and kindred 
 vegetables are yielding immense returns, but on irrigated lands 
 melons and similar products are the favorites. There are over 250 
 miles of railroad in the county, and all cultivated areas are within 
 easy distances of railroad stations. 
 
 Walla Walla county has three saw mills, with an annual output 
 of y, 500, 000 feet of lumber; five flouring mills, two planing mills, 
 two sash and door factories, one iron foundry, one tannery and one 
 manufactory of agricultural implements. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track $8,293,856 00 
 
 Personal property 2,514,655 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 111,524 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacific, 11 miles 4,752 
 feet main track, and 1 mile 4,199 feet side 
 track; Oregon Railway & Navigation, 74 miles 
 4,646 feet main track, and 13 miles 3,062 feet 
 side track; Oregon Railway & Navigation 
 (narrow gauge), 13 miles 2,112 feet; Wash- 
 ington & Columbia River, 109 miles 1,056 feet 
 main track, and 8 miles 4,495 feet side track.. 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 " cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 wagons and carriages 
 
 Telegraph and telephone lines 
 
 Cable, horse and motor lines 
 
 Schools. 
 Number of school districts 
 
 " " houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 enrolled during year.. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teacliers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 56 84 
 
 female 46 10 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 580,175 
 
 " improved 260,509 
 
 " timber 108,160 
 
 feet standing timber 919,360,000 919,360 00 
 
 
 1,116,546 00 
 
 
 8,890 00 
 
 11,241 
 7,985 
 
 37,956 
 3,928 
 1,985 
 
 337,230 00 
 103,805 00 
 75,912 00 
 13,748 00 
 61,040 00 
 38,430 00 
 
 
 7,000 00 
 
 54 
 
 
 53 
 
 
 
 172,'455 00 
 
 3,876 
 
 
 3,391 
 
 
 1,851 
 
 
 94 
 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 67 
 
 County Seat. 
 Walla Walla is the county seat, and is located at the junction of 
 two lines of the Union Pacific Railway. The state penitentiary is 
 located at this place. It has a population of 5,000. 
 
 WHATCOM COUNTY. 
 
 Whatcom county was established March 9, 1852. It has an 
 area of 2,000 square miles. Population, 16,504. 
 
 Soil. 
 
 The soil of the western or agricultural portion is extremely 
 spotted. Every section and many smaller tracts have from two to 
 half a dozen distinct varieties of soil. There is the greatest area, 
 perhaps, of the light sandy loam of the cedar and fir belts, unex- 
 celled for fruit and good for any crop grown in this climate. Dot- 
 ted over the county in spots and belts are marshes, or peat bogs, 
 the largest just north of Lynden, having an area of ten thousand 
 acres. Such land has only a light growth of brush which usually 
 burns with the turf after the land has been drained. From this 
 soil yields of two and one-half to three and one-half tons of timothy 
 hay to the acre are common, and turnips, cabbage and onions find 
 all the elements necessary to give them their greatest perfection. 
 
 Along the courses of many creeks the soil is a mixture of sedi- 
 ment and vegetable mold. Such soil may be cropped indefinitely 
 without showing any indication of impoverishment. The river 
 bottom, however, is the best "all-round" soil. It is acknowledged 
 to lead in the production of hay, hops and most garden vegetables. 
 Hops are becoming a staple product. The quality of the upland 
 hop is equal to any; the size of that produced on peat land is re- 
 markable, but for both size and quality the river bottom holds the 
 record. Growers report from 1,200 to 2,000 pounds to the acre. 
 
 Fruit. 
 There are also clay soils and every gradation between those 
 which are already described. Fruit is entitled to an honorable 
 place among the county's resources. Apples never fail. English 
 Russet, King, Spy and Gravenstein are among the favorite stand- 
 ard varieties. Peaches are an uncertain crop but often yield well. 
 
68 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Size and quality are good. Pears reach the greatest perfection in 
 
 size and flavor. This is the natural home of the plum and prune. 
 
 No serious damage has been done these trees yet by insects. They 
 
 begin bearing young and do not depart from that custom as they 
 
 grow older. The cherries challenge the world for size, quality and 
 
 yield. 
 
 Minerals. 
 
 The mineral deposits of the county, so far as discovered, are iron, 
 
 coal, asbestos, gold, silver, sandstone, limestone, quartz, potters' 
 
 clay, fire clay, brick clay and granite. 
 
 FiSHEKIES. 
 
 The salmon fisheries and canning business is being carried on on 
 a large scale in the Gulf, at Drayton Harbor and Point Roberts, a 
 short distance from Blaine. Nearly 100,000 cases of the sockeye 
 salmon were packed at this point in 1893, besides a large business 
 done in shipping fresh fish of the various kinds. The capacity for 
 carrying on this industry is being largely increased this year. 
 
 There are at present in the county 2*7,641 acres cleared and under 
 cultivation, with 2,594 acres planted to fruit. 
 
 The county has 18, 5^4 acres of school land inside the survey that 
 has not yet been offered for sale. 
 
 The state holds 6,924 acres selected under the scientific school 
 land grant. 
 
 The Lummi Indian reservation contains 12,653 acres, of which 
 about 10,500 acres may be classed as agricultural land. 
 
 Whatcom county has thirteen saw mills, with an annual output 
 of 70,000,000 feet of lumber, and thirty-two shingle mills, which 
 will produce 260,000,000 shingles yearly. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track $10,719,419 00 
 
 Personal property 852,116 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 62,447 00 
 
 Railroad track — Bellingham Bay & British Col- 
 umbia, 23 miles 339 feet main track, and 3 
 miles 3,265 feet side track; Bellingham Bay & 
 Eastern, 2 miles 3,506 feet main track, a,nd 
 4,120 feet side track; Fairhaven & Southern, 
 34 miles 55 feet main track, and 6 miles 27 
 feet side track; Seattle, Lake Shore & East- 
 ern, 29 miles main track, and 5,114 feet side 
 track :.... 489,065 00 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 69 
 
 Iniprovements ou laud held under United States . 
 
 Telephone, telegraph and electric lines 
 
 Cable, horse, motor and electric railways 
 
 Steamboats, sailing vessels, etc 
 
 Number of horses 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools, 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 " " " enrolled during year 
 
 Average dailj' attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 female 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 
 " " improved 
 
 
 $26,495 00 
 
 
 43,765 00 
 
 
 24,800 00 
 
 
 15,560 00 
 
 2,010 
 4,578 
 3,406 
 1.352 
 903 
 
 68 
 
 80,400 00 
 
 77,826 00 
 
 6,812 00 
 
 4,732 00 
 
 24,735 00 
 
 75 
 
 
 4,815 
 
 283,572 00 
 
 3,961 
 
 
 2,569 
 152 
 
 
 
 59 40 
 
 
 52 84 
 
 289,763 
 
 
 14.589 
 
 
 County Seat. 
 New Whatcom is the county seat of Whatcom county, and has a 
 population of 7,500; is a sub-port of entry for Puget Sound. 
 
 WHITMAN COUNTY 
 
 Whitman county was organized on November 29, 1871. It has 
 an area of 2,160 square miles and a population of 22,579. It lies 
 upon the eastern boundary of the state, bounded south by Snake 
 river, north by the fifth standard parallel, the Palouse river form- 
 ing part of its southwestern and western boundary. Watered by 
 the Palouse river and its tributaries, it is commonly known as the 
 "Palouse country." It is composed of an extensive upland plateau 
 of rolling prairies, the valleys, which are numerous, providing 
 drainage. This land, in its natural state, is entirely covered with 
 bunch grass, and under cultivation it produces all the grasses and 
 cereals. 
 
70 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Products. 
 
 Its largest production is wheat. Oats, barley and hay are 
 very successfully raised. Potatoes, beets, carrots, turnips and 
 other garden vegetables yield abundantly. Stock raising in the 
 western and southern parts of the county is an important and prof- 
 itable industry. Wool growing is largely followed. The raising 
 of hogs is a profitable industry in this section. The northern por- 
 tion of the county is extensively covered with timber — pine, fir, 
 cedar and tamarack. The fruit productions are limited to the 
 hardier varieties — apples, pears, plums and berries — except along 
 the banks of the Snake river, where peaches and grapes are suc- 
 cessfully produced in large quantities. There are twelve flouring 
 mills in successful operation in this county; nine saw mills, two 
 shingle mills and a paper mill. The Washington State Agricultural 
 College and School of Science is located at Pullman in this county. 
 
 Taxable Ppoperty, 1893. 
 
 Real property, exclusive of railroad track 
 
 Personal property 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 
 
 Railroad track — Oregon Railwaj^ & Navigation, 
 194 miles 4,752 feet main track, and 18 miles 
 739 feet side track; Northern Pacific, 99 miles 
 8,168 feet main track, and 8 miles 390 feet 
 
 side track 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States.. 
 
 Telegraph and telephone lines 
 
 Number of horses ., 
 
 cattle 
 
 sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1898 
 
 " enrolled during year.. 
 
 Average daily attendance .■ 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 
 
 " " " female 
 
 Value. 
 
 $13,933,733 00 
 
 3,979,397 00 
 
 211,527 00 
 
 1,530,564 00 
 
 125,522 00 
 
 44,078 00 
 
 31,300 939,000 00 
 
 22,695 295,085 00 
 
 32,496 64,992 00 
 
 8,508 29,778 00 
 
 4,463 148,557 00 
 
 143 
 141 
 
 8,413 
 
 6,801 
 
 4,016 
 
 264 
 
 277,352 00 
 
 61 02 
 51 68 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 71 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Number of acres taxable, exclusive of town lots.. 1,008, 1G4 
 
 " improved 727,203 
 
 " timber 72,000 
 
 feet slaudiug timber 683,000,000 $683,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 
 Colfax is the county seat, and is situated on the Palouse river, 
 on the Moscow branch of the Union Pacific Railroad. Population 
 1,700. 
 
 YAKIMA COUNTY. 
 
 Yakima county was established January 21, 1865, and has an 
 area of 5,500 square miles, population 6,039. It is crossed diagon- 
 ally from southeast to northwest by the Northern Pacific Railroad. 
 The Yakima Indian Reservation is wholly within the county, and 
 contains 800,000 acres. There is an immense amount of grazing 
 land in this county, affording range for the large herds of horses, 
 cattle and sheep. The soil of the hills and plains is basalt and 
 volcanic ash. The soil of the valleys is nearly of a similar nature. 
 By the introduction of irrigation on an extensive scale, the grazing 
 lands are becoming agricultural and produce large crops of wheat, 
 hops, corn, tobacco and sorghum. Vegetables of all kinds yield 
 profusely. Sweet potatoes are cultivated with good results. Mel- 
 ons of excellent quality are raised throughout the county. Apples, 
 pears, peaches, grapes, plums, prunes and cherries yield abundantly. 
 The system of irrigation is the notable feature of development in 
 Yakima county, and the results already obtained are phenomenal. 
 There are three saw mills, two cheese factories, one creamery and 
 one flouring mill in this county. 
 
 Taxable Property, 1893. 
 
 Value. 
 
 Real property, except railroad track : $3,257,804 00 
 
 Personal property 930,867 00 
 
 Railroad rolling stock and personalty 136,931 00 
 
 Railroad track — Northern Pacitic, 9 miles 3,168 
 
 feet main track, and 7 miles 1,465 feet side 
 
 track 543,310 00 
 
72 RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Number of horses 9,003 $234,078 00 
 
 cattle 
 
 " sheep 
 
 " hogs 
 
 " wagons and carriages 
 
 Improvements on land held under United States . 
 
 Schools. 
 
 Number of school districts 
 
 houses 
 
 Total school property 
 
 Number of school children, census 1893 
 
 " children enrolled during year.. 
 
 Average daily attendance 
 
 Number of teachers employed 
 
 Average monthly compensation, male 61 02 
 
 female 47 68 
 
 Other Statistics. 
 
 Acres taxable, exclusive of town lots 910,157 
 
 Number acres improved land (estimated) 40,000 
 
 Acres of timber 800,000 
 
 Number of feet standing 16,000,000.000 9,600,000 00 
 
 County Seat. 
 North Yakima is the county seat of Yakima county, situated on 
 the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad and the Yakima river. 
 Population, United States census 1890, 1,532. 
 
 8,091 
 
 72,013 
 
 1,484 
 
 841 
 
 97,092 00 
 
 144,026 00 
 
 5,194 00 
 
 27,866 00 
 
 19,015 00 
 
 33 
 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 67,396 00 
 
 2,226 
 
 
 1,420 
 
 
 964 
 
 
 35 
 
 
RESOURCES OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 73 
 
 THE MILITARY POAVER OF THE STATE. 
 
 The military strength of the state is 1,750 officers and men, with 
 an organized force of 1,350, and su])ported by special levy of two- 
 fifths of one mill on the taxable property of the state, made a 
 special fund for that purpose. 
 
 There are twenty-one companies of infantry, organized into two 
 regiments, Avith one company unattached; and four troops of cav- 
 alry, forming one battalion, with a major commanding. One regi- 
 ment of infantry is located on the east side of the mountains and 
 one on the west, with the cavalry battalion divided, the whole 
 forming one brigade commanded by a brigadier general. 
 
 The general headquarters is at Olympia, the capital of the state, 
 where all communications are addressed to the adjutant general, 
 who, in addition to that office, in time of peace is quartermaster 
 general, commissary general, inspector general, chief of ordnance 
 and chief of staff. 
 
 DAIRYING. 
 
 Dairying in Washington is as yet in its infancy. The rapid 
 growth this industry has made in this state during the last two 
 years is surprising. Two years ago there were two creameries in 
 the state; to-day there are sixteen in successful operation, with an 
 output during the present year, according to their own statements, 
 of over $300,000. 
 
74 RESOURCES OF TEE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Real and Personal Property. 
 Total valuation of real property, exclusive of 
 
 railroad track $227,201,096 00 
 
 Total valuation of taxable personal property 41,165,560 00 
 
 Live Stock. 
 
 Total number of horses 171,518 5,192,986 00 
 
 cattle 206,372 2,980,845 00 
 
 sheep 290,021 580,042 00 
 
 hogs 53,487 187,211 00 
 
 Telegraph, Telephone and Electric Lines. 
 Total value 600,891 00 
 
 Cable, Horse and Electric Railways. 
 Total value 726,694 00 
 
 Improvements on Lands Held Under United States. 
 Total value ; , 1,459,222 00 
 
 Steamboats, Sailing Vessels, Etc. 
 Total value 1,015,721 00 
 
 Coal. 
 Total number of tons mined in 1893 1,280,250 
 
 Lands. 
 Total number acres taxable, exclusive of town 
 
 lots 13,457,664 
 
 Total number acres improved land 2,014,472 
 
 Timber. 
 
 Total number acres of timber lands 23,588,512 
 
 feet standing timber 410,333,335,000 
 
 " stumpage value 269,561,329 00 
 
 Schools. 
 Total number school districts 1,741 
 
 houses 1,654 
 
 children, census 1893 112,300 
 
 teachers, 1893 3,086 
 
 value of school property, 1893, exclusive 
 
 of school lands 4,872,710 00 
 
 amount paid teachers, 1893 881,048 00 
 
 number acres school land 2,484,480 
 
 minimum value school land 24,844,000 00 
 
 " approximate value 39,813,760 00 
 
I > 
 
 RESOURCES OF THE STATE iJF'WAhm'MTb'A'^ >''' 75 
 
 Railroads. 
 
 CLASS. 
 
 First class 
 
 Second class. 
 Third class... 
 
 Fourth class. 
 Fifth class 
 
 Aggregate value of rolling 
 stock and all railroad prop- 
 erty, as equalized by state 
 board 
 
 Totals.. 
 
 Length of 
 main track. 
 
 Length of 
 side track. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 Miles. 
 
 Feet. 
 
 2,147 
 
 1,789 
 
 275 
 
 665 
 
 347 
 
 2,147 
 
 24 
 
 1,118 
 
 103 
 
 3,303 
 
 10 
 
 1,240 
 
 107 
 
 2,016 
 
 7 
 
 2,075 
 
 118 
 
 690 
 
 
 
 2,823 
 
 4,665 
 
 316 
 
 5,098 
 
 I'aluation 
 of side 
 track. 
 
 8587,939 
 48,422 
 18,422 
 10,348 
 
 $665,131 
 
 Vuluatioii 
 
 of main 
 
 line. 
 
 $11,%8,852 
 
 1,7&5,454 
 
 484,736 
 
 386,203 
 
 118,131 
 
 2,524,870 
 
 817.268,246 
 
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILU BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 RrtACJ 9 1941 
 
 
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