: . ^O Cj HEREFORD, HEREFORDSHIRE, AND THE WYE, BY D. R. CHAPMAN, Librarian and Curator of Hereford Free Library and Museum. WITH EIGHT ILLUSTRATIONS FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY ALFRED WATKINS. HEREFORD: JAKEMAN AND CARVER. PREFACE, I N putting this little work before the public, the writer A begs to thank those gentlemen who have so kindly assisted him in his task of endeavouring to make the beauties of the County and City of Hereford more widely known than they are at present, and especially to his friend, Mr. Alfred Watkins, for the photographs from which the illustrations have been taken, as well as his great assistance in compiling the walks. Free Library, Hereford. DEDICATION To JAMES RANKIN, ESQ., MP., Chief Steward ok the City of Hereford, and Founder of the Hereford Free Library and Museum, as a tribute to the many kindnesses the writer has received at his hands. CONTENTS List ok Subscribers - - - vii. Introductory i Walks in Hereford - - 5 The Cathedral - - - 24 Picturesque Herefordshire 43 Walks in Herefordshire - - 57 Boating Si Sporting Herefordshire - 91 Gei ilogical Rambles - - 101 Cycling - - 107 Iniikx - - - in I I. LUSTRATIONS. Hereford Cathedral, from Putson - - 24 A Hi in 1 ordshire ('•'! ia'.i. Home 44 Arrow Bridge, Eardisland - - 48 Whu-.lly - 54 \ I"... Morning, <'. 'kich 60 1 1 w Mill, I > WN roN 66 Wigmore ... 68 I .vi 11 Gate, Monningi in-on-Wve 82 . viii LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Birmingham Free Library. Blackpool Free Library. Blashill, Mr. T., 10, Old Jewry Chambers, London Blinkhorn, Mr. T., St. Owen's Street. Hereford Bodenham. Mr. F., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. Bodenham, Mrs. F, Aylestone Hill, Hereford Bosley. Mr. E. Iv, Castle Street, Hereford. Bowell, Rev. W., Chandos House, Hereford. Bowen, Mrs., Holmer Hall, Hereford. Boycott, Mr. W., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. Brace, Mr. L. J. K., Royal Botanic Gardens, Seebpore, Calcutta. Brown, Mr. C. E., Widemarsh Street, Hereford. Browne, Mr. H., Eastham, Tenbury. Bull, Dr., St. John Street, Hereford. Burgess, Rev. \V. J., Stretton Sugwas, Hereford. Burlton, Mr. T. 1)., Eaton Hill, Leominster. Burton, Rev. John R., Howies Rectory, Bewdley. Butcher, Rev. S. J., Parsonage, West Hide, Hereford. C. Cambridge F'ree Library. Capel, Rev. A. J., Montpelier House, South Bank, Hereford. Carless, Mr. J., St. John Street, Hereford. Carless, Messrs. F. & H., High Town, Hereford. Cave, Rev. F. L., Humber House, Bloxham, Banbury. Chapman, Dr., City and County Asylum, Hereford. Chatfield, Rev. A. \V., Much Marcle, Dymoclc, Gloucester. Clarke, Mr. W. C, Portland Villas, Hereford. Clarke, Rev. W. S. Clay, Rev. G. H., Aston Rectory, Ludlow. Clive, Mrs., Perrystone. R.OSS. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. IX. Cock, Mr. B., Eign Street, Hereford. Colborne, Mr. Langdon, Church Street, Hereford. Colleson, Rev. G. V., Bacton, Hereford. Colt-Williams, Mr. E. \V., Gate House, Hereford. (2 copies.) Cooke, Mr. C. W. Radcliffe, Hellens, Much Marcle, Dymock. Cooke, Mr. W. H, Q.C., Sufton Court, Hereford. Cornewall, Rev. Sir G. H., Moccas, Hereford. Cotterell, Sir Henry, Bart., Garnons, Hereford. Cowtan, Capt., Exeter. Croft, Sir Herbert, Bart., Lugwardine Court, Hereford. Culwick, Mr. B., High Street, Hereford. 1). Davies, Mr. J., Wood View, Broomy Hill, Hereford. Davies, Mr. T. T., High Town, Hereford. Davies, Mr. W., Carbon Villa, Holmer, Hereford. Dean, The Hon and Very Rev., The Deanery, Hereford. De Boinville, Mr. A. C, Hill Top, Dilwyn, Leominster, de Winton, Capt., Graftonbury, Hereford. Docking, Mr. J., Breinton House, Hereford. Dodds, Mr. R. A., Fern Lodge, Hampton Road, Redland, Bristol Dolman, Rev. Canon, Broad Street, Hereford. Duncombe, Rev. W. D. V., The College, Hereford. Duncombe, Mr. A W. V., Brasenose College, Oxford. E. Edwards, Mr. Augustus C, High Town, Hereford. Edwards, Mr. E. E., Fayre Oakes, White Cross, Hereford. Elliot, Rev. \V., Brinsop, Hereford. Ellis, Mr. W. H. J., National Provincial Bank, Broad Street, Hereford X. LIST OF SURSCRIBKRS. Evans, Mrs, Moreton Court, Hereford. Evans, Rev. E. A., Holmer Vicarage, Hereford. F. Farr, Mr. C, Commercial Road, Hereford. Foley, The Right Hon. Lady Emily, Stoke Edith Park, Hereford. (2 copies.) Foley, Mr. P. II., Prestwood, Stourbridge, Worcestershire. Fortey, Mr. C, Ludlow. Fowler, Mr. J. T. Owen, St. John Street, Hereford. G. George, Mr. E., Coningsby Street, Hereford. Gilkes, Mr. M. D'Oyley, Infirmary, Hereford. Goodwin, Mrs., Hampton Bishop, Hereford. Green, Mr. R., The Whittern, Kington. Green Dragon Hotel Co., Broad Street, Hereford. Griffiths, Mr. R., Sycamore House, Hay. (2 copies.) Guise, Mrs. Vernon, Lea Vicarage, Ross. Guthrie, Miss, The Poole, Hereford. H. Hanbury, Mr. G. B., Castle Street, Hereford. Hancocks, Mr. A. A, Camperdown House, Broomy Hill, Hereford. Hardwicke, Miss, Commercial Road, Hereford. Hatton, Mr. A., Bridge Street, Hereford. Havergal, Rev. Prebendary, Upton Bishop, Ross. Haywood, Mr. W. M., Blakemere, Hereford. Heins, Mr. N., Broad Street, Hereford. Hereford, The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, The Palace. Hereford Free Library. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XI. Hewitt, Rev. C. A., Hope End, Ledbury. Holloway, Rev. E. J., Clehonger, Hereford. Holmes, Mr. V. W., Southfield, Leominster. Hopton, Rev. M., Canon Frome, Hereford. Horden, Mr. G., Hay. Hotchkis, Mr. J., Llanstephan, Builth. Hotham, Rev. F. H., Rushbury Rectory, Church Stretton. Huckson, Mr. C. J., Portland Street, Hereford. Hulme, Rev. \V., Brampton Abbotts, Ross. Humfrys, Mr. W. J. ( Bridge Street, Hereford. (2 copies.) Hunt, Mr., King Street, Hereford. Hutchinson, Mr. A., Hagley Park, Hereford. I. Ipswich Museum. J- James, Mr. J. Gwynne, Aylestone Hill, Hereford. James, Mr. F. R , Aylestone Hill, Hereford. Jenkins, Mr., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. Jones, Miss, Moorfields, Hereford. Jones, Mr. Joseph, Broad Street, Hereford. Jones, Mrs. S. J., Hampton Park, Hereford. K. Keay, Mr. R., Wye Terrace, Hereford. Key, Mrs. H., Wilton House, Ross. L. La Touche, Rev. J. I >., Stokesay, Craven Arms, Salop. Lambe, Mr. J., Bridge Street, Hereford. Lawford, Mr. H., St. Kthelbert Street, Hereford. Lea, Rev. Josiah T., Far Forest Parsonage, Rock, Bewdley. Xll. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Lee, Rev. J. \V., Brilley, Whitney, Herefordshire. I.evason, Mr. A. G., Bridge Street, Hereford. Lewis, Captain T, Freke, Abbey Dore Court, Hereford. Lewis, Mr. R., Cedars, Hampton Park, Hereford. Lewis, Mr. VV., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. Llanwarne, Mr. I'., Hereford. (2 copies.) Lomax, Rev. J. J., Breinton, Hereford. M. Machie, Mr. G. E., College Grounds, Malvern. Manchester Free Library. Martin, Mr. C. G., Gloucestershire Bank, Hereford. Matthews, Mr., High Street, Hereford. Matthews, Mr. J. J., Woodland House, Blakemere, Hereford. McAdam, Mr. G. C, St. Owen's Street, Hereford. Merrick, Mr. F. H., St. Owen's Street, Hereford. Metcalfe, Rev. G. M., Lyde Vicarage, Hereford. Moore, Mr. H. C, Broad Street, Hereford. Morgan, Capt., R. E., Quarry House, Aylestone Hill, Hereford. Morris, Mr. T., Ingestre Road, White Cross, Hereford. Musgrave, Rev. Canon, Broad Street, Hereford. Myer, Mr. Grenville, Commercial Street, Hereford. N. Newcastle-on-Tyne Free Library. (2 copies.) O. Oldham, Mrs., Hampton Bark, Hereford. P. Paris, Mr. T. C., Tupsley, Hereford. Parry, Mrs., Broomy Hill, Hereford. Partridge, Mr. C. A., Ludlow, (j copies.) Pateshall, Mr. Evan, Allensmore Court, Hereford. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XI11. Payne, Mr. \V., High Street, Hereford. Peploe, Major D. P., Garnstone Castle, Herefordshire. Phillips, Mr. S. T., Wellington, Hereford. Phillott, Rev. H. W., Staunton-on-Wye, Hereford. Pilley, Mr. E., High Town, Hereford. Pilley, Mr. \V., Eign Street, Hereford. Poole, Rev. \V., Hentland, Ross. Powell, Mr. L., Commercial Road, Hereford. Powle, Mr. R., Ross. Prince, Mrs., Beaufort Row, Clifton, Bristol. Pulley, Mr. J., M.P., Lower Eaton, Hereford. (4 copies.) Pulling, Mr. W. D., Castle Street, Hereford. R. Rankin, Mr. J., M.P., Bryngwyn, Hereford. Raynall, Rev. P. W., Belmont, Hereford. (2 copies.) Reid, Mr. R. T., M.P., Elvaston Place, South Kensington. (2 copies.) Reid, Mrs. R. T., ditto ditto (2 copies.) Ridley, Rev. O. M., Bishopstone, Hereford. Robertson, Mr. A., Castle Street, Hereford. Robinson, Mr. E. G. L., Peterchurch, Hereford. Robinson, Mr. W. H., Offindeans, Walsall. Robinson, Mr. W. \V., King Street, Hereford. Roper, Mr. H. J., Lorraine House, Hampton Park, Hereford. Rushy, Rev. W E., Felton, Bromyard. S. Sandford, Rev. Holland, Eaton Rectory, Church Stretton. Saxby, Mr. C. J., Leominster. (4 copies.) Saye and Sele, Ven. The Archdeacon, The Lord, Hereford. Scobell, Mrs. E. C, Daffaluke House, Ross. \l\ LIST i>h SUBSCRIBERS. Seaton, Rev. D., Goodrich, Ross. Seward, Mr., Cardiff. Shackleton, Rev. T., Broomy Hill, Hereford. Shaw, Mr. \\\, King Street, Hereford. Shepherd, Rev. \V. R., l'reston-on-Wye, Hereford. Slagg, Mr. C, Presteigne. Smith, Mr. H., Hampton Park, Redland, Bristol. Smith, Mr. T., A.C.A., Holmer, Hereford. Smith, Mrs. Wyndham, Aramstone, Ross. Smith, Rev. T. T., Thruxtone, Hereford. Spencer, Mr. P. Russell, Dover House, Hereford. Spencer, Rev. G. L., Broomy Hill, Hereford. Sprague & Co., Messrs., St. Martin's Lane, Cannon Street. (2 copies.) Stanhope, Rev. B. L. S., By ford, Hereford. Stanhope, Sir H. S., Bart., Holme Lacy, Hereford. Stead, Mr. AV., King Street, Hereford. Stephens, Mr. Edwin, Widemarsh Street, Hereford. St. John, Rev. H. R, Dinmore, Hereford. Stokes, Miss, Nelson Road, Hereford. Stoodley, Rev. T. A., County College, Hereford. Stubbs, Miss, Penyard House, Ross. Sudbury, Mr. J. W., Broad Street, Hereford Symonds, Mr. J. !■'., Bridge Street, Hereford. T. Tatham, Rev. F. H., Cathedral School, Hereford. Taunton, Mr. E. A., Vowchurch, Hereford. Taylor, Mr. J., Threefall, Oxford. Tedman, Rev. J., Much Birch, Ross. Thomason, Mr. R., Dryhridge House, Hereford LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XV. Thompson, Miss, St. Nicholas Square, Hereford. Tilley, Mr. Luke, Ledbury. Townsend, Mr. A., High Town, Hereford. Townsend, Rev. J. H., Hope Vicarage, Leominster. Treherne, Rev. C. A., The College, Hereford. Tudor, Mr. C. W., Vine Villa, Ledbury Road, Hereford. Tuite, Mr. J., Aylestone Hill, Hereford. Turner, Mrs. T. C, The Fosse, Hereford. Tweed, Rev. H., Bridstow Rectory, Ross. V. Vale, Mr. J., Church Street, Hereford. (2 copies.) Vassar-Smith, Mr. R., Ashfield, Great Malvern. Vevers, Mr H., St Owen's Street, Hereford. Vevers, Mr. J. E., Varkhill, Hereford. W. Ware, Mr. J. H., Brasenose College, Oxford. Ware, Rev. J. M., Ullingswick, Bromyard. Watkins, Mr. A., Hereford. (2 copies.) Watkins, Mr. C, sen., Hereford. Watkins, Mr. C, Hereford. (2 copies.) Watkins, Mr. H., Hereford. Weare, Mrs., Hampton Bishop, Hereford. Webb, Rev. T. W., Hardwick. Hay. West, Rev. T., Fownhope, Hereford. Whinfield, Mr., E. W., Severn Grange, Worcester. White, Mr. J., Barton Street, Hereford. Wliitefoord, Rev. Philip, Ledbury. Willett, Mr. W. 1L, Castle Green, Hereford. Williams, Mis-,, Broad Street, Hereford. XV'i. LIST OF SUBSCRIBKR.s. Wood, Miss, Chaddesley, Bournemouth. Wood, Mr. John H., Tarringlon, Ledbury. Woods, Rev. Frank, All Saints' Vicarage, Hereford. Woodhouse, Mr. J. G., Burghill Court, Hereford. Woollam, Rev. J., Burton le Coggles Rectory, Grantham. Woolley, Mr. G., Ludlow, (j copies.) INTRODUCTORY. THE CITY OF HEREFORD, THE City of Hereford occupies a pleasant and sheltered situation on the banks of the Wye, being surrounded on all but the West side by hills. Its ancient name was Caerfawydd, the place of the beeches, but writers differ considerably as to the etymology of its present name, the most generally received opinion being, however, that it is a corruption of " Henfordd" the old road or way. Standing as it does on the borders of Wales, the old City has seen many vicissitudes, from the time of the Ancient liritons, when Offa had his Palace at Sutton, to its siege by the Scotch Army in 1645. Little is known of its history before the period of the Conquest ; but from very early times it must have been a place of some importance, for there was a Bishop of A 2 THK CITY OF HEREFORh. Hereford in A.D. 542. and a Synod was held here A.I). 680. The murder of Ethelhcrt at Sutton, about four miles from the City, and the subsequent removal of his remains (to which miraculous powers were ascribed) to the Cathedral, attracted considerable attention to the City, and no doubt had a great deal to do with its enlargement. It was here that the treaty between Howell I >da and Athclstan was signed, and it is probable that about this time the City was walled in, as after this, frequent mention is made of repairing the walls. The circumference of the walls, which contained six gates, is stated by Inland to have been "a goode mile." At this time it was no doubt a place of considerable importance, since in A.I). 1052 an inroad of the Welsh was opposed by the garrison, and the City preserved from plunder; but three years afterwards, at another incursion, the place was sacked, and the Cathedral burnt to the ground. Harold, afterwards King of England, was sent by Edward the Confessor to avenge this disaster. He suppressed the rebellion, re-built the walls, and, it is supposed, built the CastU-. After the Norman Conquest the governorship of the Castle was given into the hands of Richard Fitz-Osbom, the builder of Richard's Castle: and, from the Domesday Book, we learn that at that period, Hereford was governed by a bailiff, and had only one hundred and three inhabitants within and without the walls ; but this most probably was due to the massacre and plunder by the Welsh above mentioned, which is borne out by a statement, made further on, that in the time of King Edward, the Bishop held ninety-eight houses of him, but when Robert (Losinga) came to the THE CITY OF HEREFORD. 3 See he found but sixty. After the rebellion of the Lords Marchers against Henry II. the Castle and City reverted to the Crown, in whose hands it remained until the Parliamentarian struggle. During the Barons' Wars, Prince Edward, afterwards Edward I., was imprisoned in the Castle, from which he escaped by the aid of the Lords Mortimer and Clifford ; but in the Wars of the Roses the place does not appear to have played any important part, although doubtless the interest of the Mortimers here must have created a strong feeling in favour of the Yorkists. After the Battle of Mortimer's Cross, Owen Tudor and nine officers of rank were put to death in the City. At the Parliamentarian struggle, Hereford and its neighbourhood declared for the King, but after a short siege surrendered to Waller. He, after taking it, neglecting to garrison the City, it was immediately occupied again by the Royalists, and alter the Battle of Naseby sustained a second siege, by the Scotch Army under the Earl of Leven, but was relieved by the King. Soon afterwards the garrison was surprised by the Parliamentarians under Col. Birch, and the Castle demolished, only one very small portion being left standing ; this is now incorporated in the greenkeeper's house, and the r ward of the once-famed Castle forms an agreeable i> imenade for the inhabitants of the City. The civil history of the City is very interesting. Prom time immemorial it was governed by a bailiff, with serjc.int- at-mace, leather searchers and ale COtiners, who regulated the assize of bread and beer, and held Courts within the City.* *For a full description of this interesting matter, the reader is referred to "Manners and Customs of Hereford," by the late Town Clerk, R. Johnson, Esq. 4 THE CITY Or HEREFORD. The Bishop and Clergy also had a large share in the civil government of Hereford, derived from the Bishop's Fee, which formed nearly one half of the City, and in which he exercised all lordship's rights, as well as the power of transferring the markets, at certain periods of the year, to places appointed by himself, and collecting the tolls for his own use. Naturally, in this state of divided authority many cases of dispute arose, which, however, always terminated in the Bishop's favour; and, accordingly, we find in the various charters granted to the City from time to time, until the last one of William III., that the agreements made between the Burgesses, and the Dean and Chapter and the Bishop, are all confirmed. The first charter of privileges granted to the citizens was by Henry III., which was confirmed and enlarged in subsequent reigns, until that of Richard II., when the name of the chief magistrate was changed from bailiff to that of Mayor. No further alteration took place until the passing of the Municipal Reform Act of 1835, when the Corporation, which then consisted of 31 members, was reduced to 24, and the five wards of the City were resolved into three. WALKS IN HEREFORD, What's to do ? Shall we go see the reliqucs of this town ? I am not weary, and it is long to-night, I pray you let us satisfy our eyes with the memorials and the things of fame, that do renown this city. Twelfth Night. No. I. High Town— The Old House— Shirehall— St. Peter's Church— St. Giles' and Williams' Hospitals — St. James' Church — Infirmary — Castle Green —St. Ethelbert's Hospital— St. Ethelbert's Well— Quay Street- Cathedral Close. WE will suppose the visitor to commence his perambu- lation from the centre of the High Town. The first object to arrest his attention will be the Old House, the only one left of a row, which formerly reached from this spot to St. Peter's Church. It is a very fine specimen of timber architecture, supposed to have been the 6 WALKS IN HEREFORD. work of John Abel, a celebrated Herefordshire architect and builder, of James the First's time: but internal evidence would seem to give an earlier date than this for its erection. One of its upper chambers was formerly used as the Hall of the Butchers' Company. The whole building had fallen into a very dilapidated condition, but has recently been judiciously restored. Passing the Old House, and through St. Peter's Street, he will see on his left hand the Shirehall, erected in 1815. The building is in the Old Doric style, the portico being copied from the Temple of Theseus at Athens, and contains, besides the Criminal and Nisi Prius Courts, and other rooms, a spacious Hall for County Meetings; the Evening Concerts given at the Triennial Musical Festivals take place here. The Hall has lately been decorated with fresco and other paintings, by the hand of the late lamented Lady Katharine Give, an amateur artist of great taste and ability Besides these, it contains three very fine full length portraits ; one by Deris, of George the Third, mounted on a cream coloured horse ; one by Lonsdale, of Charles, second Duke of Norfolk, who long resided at Holme Lacy, about 5 miles from the City, and to whose munificence the County is indebted for the greater part of its published history; the third by Piekersgill, the Royal Academician, of Sir J. G. Cottrell, who for many years represented the County in Parliament; there is also a bust of Joseph Bailey, Esq., M.P. for the County of Hereford from 1841 to 1850. Standing within the enclosure in front of the building is a fine bronze statue, by Baron Marochetti, of the late Sir George Cornewall Lewis. It is a little larger WALKS IN HEREFORD. J than life size, and stands on a pedestal of unpolished gTanite, which bears the following inscription : — SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL LEWIS, A WISE AND HONEST STATESMAN, A PROFOUND SCHOLAR, A KIND AND FIRM FRIEND. M.P. FOR THE COUNTY OF HEREFORD FROM 1847 TO 1852. CHIEF STEWARD OF THE CITY. CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER FROM 1855 TO 1858. HOME SECRETARY FROM 1 859 TO i860. SECRETARY OF WAR FROM i860 TO 1S63. BORN 1806, DIED 1863. Near the Shirehall stands St. Peter's Church, founded in 1070 by Walter de Laci, at the same time that he founded the Priory of St. Guthlac. After his death, which was caused by his falling from the battlements of the Church, it was given by his son Hugh to the Abbey of St. Peter, at Gloucester. The building consists of a nave, chancel, and two side aisles, with a tower terminating in a spire. The aisles are separated from the nave by octagonal pillars on the south, and clustered columns on the north side. In the chancel are oak stalls, seven on each side, which were erected for the use of the brethren of the Priory of St. Guthlac. Proceeding down St. Owen Street, a visit should be paid to the Almshouses on the left-hand side, called respec- tively St. Giles', and Williams' Hospitals. To the former of these is attached a chapel, at the western gable of which is a curious old Norman Tympanum. The visitor 8 WALKS IN I HEREFORD. should now turn to the right, opposite the Hospital Chapel, along the new street leading to the pretty little modern Church, built in 1869, and dedicated to St. James. The living, together with that of St. Peter, is in the gift of the Simeon Trustees. Passing the north side of St. James' Church, the visitor will see the Hereford Infirmary, erected in the year 1776; it is very pleasantly situated on the banks of the Wye : the site was given by the Earl of Oxford and Mortimer. The Castle Green, which is close by, is the next object of interest to the visitor. It is a beautiful public walk, commanding extensive views of the Wye and surrounding country. This Green was part of the site of Hereford Castle, the only remains of which now existing, are the moat on the north side, and a small piece of the wall, built into the greenkeeper's house ; just at the end of the moat, overgrown with ivy and creepers, is a little bit of the old city wall. The Castle was built by Harold II., and afterwards strengthened and enlarged by successive Norman Earls and Governors. It consisted of two wards, the western and the eastern. The western ward contained the keep, described by Leland as " high and very strong, having in the outer wall two semicircular towers, and one great tower within ; " of which we now find no traces, the mound on which it stood, the keep, and every vestige of the wall having been removed, and the site occupied by villa residences and gardens. In the eastern ward, which forms the site of the present walks, was a Chapel, dedicated to St. Cuthbert, also a gatehouse, a mill, and two dwelling houses, none of which now remain. On WALKS IN HEREFORD. t) the opposite side of the moat, with a garden running pleasantly down to it, is St. Ethelbert's Hospital, founded A.D. 1 220, by the Dean and Chapter of Hereford; the present building was erected in 1805. In the centre of the Castle Green, surrounded by pieces of artillery, said to have been used by the Royalists of the City during the Parlia- mentarian struggle, is a stone column erected in honour of Lord Nelson, who was a freeman of the City. At the western entrance to the Green is a well, known as St. Ethelbert's Well, to which medicinal virtues are attributed. Passing the well, the visitor walks along Quay Street, at the termination of which, a few paces on his left, is the Cathedral Close. No. II. High Town — Commercial Street— Iiye Street — Commercial Road — City and County Gaol — Coningsby Street — Coningsby Hospital — Widemarsh Street. {+ TARTING again from the High Town, and looking j*\ towards the Old House, the visitor will keep on the / ^"^ left hand side, where the first notable object is the New Market Place. The central portion is devoted princi- pally to stalls for the sale of poultry, dairy produce, &c, and in no market in the kingdom are these things exhibited in a more tempting manner, the Christmas exhibitions being well worth a journey to see. Passing on through the High Town, we come to Commercial Street, formerly called Bye Street ; a corruption of Bishopsgate Street, so called from the Bishop's Gate, or Byester's Gate as it was more recently termed, an old city gate which formerly stood near the end of the street. Just before the visitor reaches Commercial Square, he will pass, on his left hand, some Almshouses within iron railings. These were founded about the year 1601, by Mr. Thomas Kerry, of Sherfield, Kent, a native of Hereford, and were endowed by the founder with houses and lands, which endowment has since been augmented by a legacy of jQ 1,000 left by Mr. Thomas Baker, of Hereford, A.D. 1788. They were re-built by public subscription in 1825, for the accommodation of an equal number of men and women. Just off Commercial WALKS IN HKREKORD. II Square, which occupies the site of the Old Byester's Gate, at the entrance of Union Street into that thoroughfare, the visitor will see a building faced with Bath stone. This is the Hereford Dispensary, originally founded in 1835, for administering medical and surgical relief to the Poor of the City. A few yards below this is Bath Street, in which are situated the Steam Flour Mills, and the Public Baths, both erected by the Hereford Society for Aiding the Industrious. At the end of Commercial Road, on the opposite side, is the Hereford City and County Gaol. This was built between the years 1792 to 1798, and occupies the site where formerly stood the Priory of St. Guthlac. The original founder of this religious house was Walter de Laci, who, with his brother, accompanied the Norman Conqueror to England. Upon the settlement of the Normans after the battle of Hastings, he was sent into this part of the country to assist in its subjugation. In this he greatly distinguished himself, and was rewarded for his services with grants of land situated in different parts of the County, many of which bear his name to the present day. As has been already stated, he built St. Peter's Church, and was also a considerable benefactor to the Abbey of St. Peter, at Gloucester, to which this l'riory was attached.* Upon his death, he was succeeded by his eldest son Hugh : but he, joining with others in favour of Robert Curthose, was banished, and the estates sequestrated and bestowed upon Hugh, his next brother, whip gave St. Peter's Church with all appurtenances to the Abbey of St. Peter, Gloucester. • Dujjilalu's Mniiasticon, v. i, p. 537. II walks IN HEREFORD. The Priory, according, to I.elaml, was a very fine building, as he says " it is very pleasant and large, having much land, spacious gardens and orchards, fine walkes, a rivulet called Eigne, running under the walles, with stately chambers and retirements.'' At the time of the taxation by Pope Nicholas, for the Crusade under Edward I., its valuation was stated to be ^55 9*. 2d. per annum : and at the dissolution of the Monasteries under Henry Villi, £,\2\ jj. 2}&d. per annum. After the dissolution, the site, with the precinct and other lands belonging, was conveyed into the hands of John ap Rice as tenant in chief, upon the yearly payment of four shillings and six- pence to the Crown, and was held by his descendants until the beginning of the seventeenth century, when it fell out of their hands, to return to them a little later on. It remained with them till 1776, when it passed into the possession of William Symonds, Esq., who sold it to the County Authorities for the purpose to which it is now- applied. Turning back towards the City, the visitor will enter Monkmoor Street, and then proceeding along Coningsby Street, will reach Widemarsh Street, formerly called Wig- more or Wigmoremarsh Street, probably from its having been the main road to Wigmore, the ancient seat of the Mortimers. As the entrance of Coningsby Street into Widemarsh Street is neared, he will see on his right hand some old ruins: they are the remains of the Black Friars' Monastery, the entrance to which is through Coningsby's Hospital, a few r yards down Widemarsh Street. The Monas- tery was founded about the year 1276, by three Black Friars, WALKS IN HEKKFORD. I ;, who erected a small oratory in the Portfields, somewhere near the Byester's Gate, under the auspices of William Cantilupe, brother to the Bishop of that name. A dispute arose between them and the members of the Cathedral, which resulted in their removal. Sir John Deinville gave them a piece of land in the Widemarsh suburb, which was supplemented by the Bishop (Cantilupe), who gave them another piece adjoining. Here they commenced a Church and Priory, but their patron, interfering in the Barons' wars against Kdward II, was taken prisoner, beheaded, and buried at Hereford, his body being interred somewhere near the Cathedral Cross. This suspended the progress of their work, and it was not until the following reign that the buildings were completed, under the auspices of the King, who, with his son the Black Prince, three Archbishops, a Bishop, and the King's confessor, were present at the ceremony. The last named died during the solemnities, and was buried in the choir of the new Church. The Friars soon acquired lands, and entered into another controversy, this time with the Bishop. Disputing his authority over them, the suit was carried before the Archbishop of Canterbury, who decided in their favour, declared them subject only to the Apostolic See, and com- manded the Bishop and his commissary to appeal before him on the next day after the least of St. Fidus the Virgin ; when they were probably reprimanded, and warned against further interference. Several persons of eminence were buried in the Church, the following being enumerated by Leland: — William Beauchamp, Farl of Abergavenny, and his wife; John Hastings, Earl Pembroke (whose body 14 WALKS IN HEREFORD. was afterwards removed to the Grey Friars, London, the latter paying to the Black Friars ^ioo); Sir Nicholas Clare; Sir John Hurley; and Henry Oldcastle. At the dissolution of the Monasteries (no valuation is given) the site and all the buildings were granted to John Scudamore, of Wilton, and William Wygmore, of Shobdon; in Elizabeth's time the property belonged to the Wynnes, from whom it passed into the hands of the Coningsbys of Hampton Court. During the latter part of the reign of James I., the Priory was used as the townhouse of the Coningsbys, who, it is supposed, built the small round tower. The remains now existing have been thought to be those of the Prior's house, but Mr. Cordon Hills, the eminent antiquarian, is of a different opinion. He says, " The eastern side was the west wall of the Cloister, which extended to the spot where the tower stands, and there joined the Church, the centre of the Church coinciding with the walk which now leads to the Cross."* The Church has entirely disappeared, though possibly careful search might reveal its foundations, and beyond the fact that it had a spire, nothing is known of its architecture. The Preaching Cross is in the form of a hexagon, open on each side, and surrounded by a flight of six steps. The shaft branching out forms the roof, which has an embattled parapet, and passing through terminates in a cross. The structure had fallen into a very dilapidated state, but was restored in 1865, under the superintendence of Mr. Scott. Several engravings of the Cross at different periods are extant. The Coningsby Hospital was formerly a small building and chapel belonging to the Knight's Templars, who had * Journal British Archreological Association, 1871, p. 172. WALKS IN HEREFORD. 1 5 preceptories at Dinmore and Garway ; but according to Leland it was "a hospital of St. John, some time an house of Templars, now an almshouse, with a chapel." On the expulsion of the Order from England, it passed into the possession of the Crown, but was restored to the Knights during the succeeding reign. In Elizabeth's reign it was a second time taken from them, and granted to Robert Freke and John Walker, from whom it was purchased by the Coningsbys. In 1614 Sir Thomas Coningsby began the foundation of the Almshouses for " two of the most valued characters in society (although generally the most neglected), the worn out soldier and superannuated faithful servant," the old hospital of St. John furnishing the site, and the adjoining ruins of the Black Friars the materials for the building. The previous occupation of the site by the Hos- pitallers is noted by the deed of Sir Thomas Coningsby giving the hospital, in which he says, " being seized in fee, " of houses, lands and parcels of the commandry, which " were the inheritance of those Knights of St. John, of " Jerusalem the said Sir Thomas ordained and "constituted that all that quadrangle or square building of " stone should be and remain a hospital for ever, under " the name of Coningsby's Company of Old Servitors, in "the suburbs of the City of Hereford." The apartments in the Hospital consist of one room on the ground floor, and two upstairs, for each inmate. The house on the south side with the Norman arch over the doorway, supported by circular columns, is supposed to have formed the original entrance to the Hall of the Knights Templars. The Hos- pital is governed by the senior resident, who is known as 16 WALKS IN HKKEFORD. Corporal Coningsby, under the control of the owner of Hampton Court, who is always styled "The Commander," and in whom all matters of appeal and patronage are vested. Returning towards the City, the street leading from Widemarsh Street, opposite Coningsby Street, is called Black- friars' Street ; it leads to the north gate of the Cattle Market, which was established in 1856, under the City Improvement Act, and occupies a space of four acres. Proceeding on- wards we conic to the intersection of Blue School and New-market Streets with Widemarsh Street. At this spot stood the Old Widemarsh Gate, with a moat and drawbridge in front, the former of which was not completely filled in until 1854. The house on the left, next but one to Blue School Street, is the Gate House, a very fine old timber edifice of the Tudor period, the exterior of which has recently been restored by its present occupier, E. W. Colt-Williams, Esq., H.M. Inspector of Schools for the district ; it contains some very fine old oak wainscoting and carving. A few doors higher up on the same side, is a large building in the Italian style, surmounted with a statue of Urania; this is the Hereford Ladies' College, which was erected by a Limited Company in i860, and contains accommodation for about 60 boarders. A little beyond this we arrive at Maylord Street, — so called from John Maylord, who was Mayor of Hereford four times, from 1560 to 1574, — in which are situated the Offices of the Hereford Times, said to be the largest pro- vincial paper in England. The present proprietor, Alderman Anthony, established it in 1832, and has shown great judgment and liberality in its management. No. III. High Town— High Street— All Saints' Church— Eign Street— Wall Street — Eign Gate — Congregationat Chapel — Hereford, May, and Brecon Railway— Price's and Lingen's Hospitals — Lazarus Hospital — White- cross Kennels — King's Acre. TAKING the High Town again as a starting point, the visitor will proceed due west through High Street. Walking a few yards, he will arrive at Broad Street, and immediately opposite, on his right hand, will see the Church dedicated to All Saints. The date of the erection of this Church is somewhat uncertain; from its appearance it should be about the latter part of the fourteenth century. It was attached to the Hospital of St. Anthony of Vienna, li\ gift from Henry III. During the wars which ensued later on with France, it was seized by the Crown as being the property of aliens; finally it was granted to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor, in whose hands the living still remains. The building consists of Nave, Chancel, and two side Aisles; in the Chancel are the oak stalls formerly used by the Brethren of St. Anthony, and in the Vestry is a Library of chained books, left by Dr. Brewster as the foundation of a Parish Library. Passing down Eign Street, the visitor will see, at the end of the street on his right hand, a large brick building in an unfinished state. It was intended for a Skating Rink and Theatre, but is now used as a warehouse for a brewery H l8 WALKS IN HEREFORD. in Bewell Street (a corruption of By-the-Wall Street), which is the narrow street running to the right of it (as the visitor faces the building), parallel with Eign Street. The narrow street on the western side of the building is Wall Street, in which some remains of the City Wall are to be seen. When the visitor arrives at this spot he is standing on the site of the old Eign Gate of the City. On the left is the Maiden- head Inn, with a narrow passage by the side of it, whose name (Gunner's Lane) brings to recollection the siege of Hereford. A few yards forward on the left hand is Victoria Street, which runs upon the site of the old City Moat ; here several portions of the old wall may still be seen. Opposite this is Edgar Street, leading to Widemarsh Common. A few- yards beyond Edgar Street, on the same side of the way, is the Eignbrook Congregational Chapel, established by Mr. George Frimrose, at the ejection of the Non-conformists in 1662. The present building was erected in 1872, and has sittings for 400 persons. Passing this we arrive at the bridge over the Hereford, Hay, and Brecon Railway, the station of which stands a few yards to the left. The whole of the goods and mineral traffic from South Wales to the Midland and Northern Counties, passes through here. Opposite the Railway Station are the Scudamore Schools, the entrance to which is from Friars' Street. These Schools originated in a bequest of John, first Lord Scudamore, in 1 668, of ^400 as a perpetual stock, to be applied for the employment of the poorer classes in the City. The money was invested about 30 years after, in the name of the Bishop and other Trustees, and had accumulated in 1763 to ^1,140. WALKS IN HEREFORD. 19 This was re-invested in three per cent, annuities, and pro- duced ^1,340. Various sums of money were lent from time to time for the purpose of establishing manufactories, chiefly in woollen and leather fabrics, none of which however proved successful. In 1840 the money had accumulated to ;£6,ooo, and an Act of Parliament was procured for devoting part of this sum to the erection and maintenance of schools, as the next best method of carrying out the benevolent wishes of the founder. The management is vested in a Committee of Trustees, of whom the Bishop of Hereford is chairman. Crossing over the Railway Bridge, and proceeding a few hundred yards along the Whitecross Road, or, as it is sometimes called, the Above Eign, we come to a cluster of Almshouses on the right hand side, the first of which, 1 'lire's Hospital, was founded in 1636 by Mr. Wm. Price, for twelve poor men and a chaplain. It is endowed with lands in Clodock, Much Mansel, and Leominster, and, by the will of the founder, the inmates must have been inhabitants of Hereford for seven years previous to their election ; the management is in the hands of the City Charity Trustees. Adjoining is Lingen's Hospital, founded in 1709 by Mrs. Jane Shelley, daughter and heiress of John I.ingen, Esq. It is endowed with a sum of ^30 per annum, issuing from a rent-charge on lands in the Parish of Marden. The original building was allowed to fall into decay, and for some time the recipients of the charity were allowed £5 each per annum at their own homes. The present building was erected in 1S01. After walking about ten minutes along the road between clusters of semi-detached villas, the Whitecross is reached. 20 WALKS IN HEREFORD. During the prevalence of the plague in Hereford in 1347, the markets were held here, and a few years after, Bishop Charlton erected this cross ; but tradition varies as to what it was intended to commemorate. According to some writers, it was the plague, whilst others assert it was erected in memory of Bishop Cantilupe, who, in walking from his Palace at Sugwas to Hereford, heard, at about this spot, the Cathedral bells ring of their own accord. Opposite the Cross, on the left hand side of the road, are the Kennels of the North Herefordshire Hounds; and about ten minutes' walk further on, along the Hay road, are the celebrated Rose Nurseries of Messrs. Cranston and Company. No. IV. High Town — Broad Street — King Street — Bridge Street— Wye Bridge — St Nicholas' Street —City Walls — St. Nicholas' Church — Barton — Broomy Hill — Waterworks — Cemetery — Whitecross Street — Eign Street. Ati.MN starting from the High Town, the tourist will proceed along High Street, and, taking the turning to his left, will find himself in Broad Street, certainly the most imposing thoroughfare in the City. The large building at the corner, on the left hand, is the Gloucestershire Banking Company's Office, and a little lower down, on the same side of the way, are the imposing looking Offices of the National Provincial Banking Company. On the opposite side of the street is the Corn Exchange, which was built in 1857, on the site of the old theatre. Directly opposite this, having a bold Doric front, is the Roman Catholic Church dedicated to S. Francis Xavier, and, adjoining it, is the Post Office, which was formerly at the house on the left hand side of the Cathedral gates. The latter is now used as a bank. Immediately opposite is the Free Library and Museum, erected in 1874, chiefly through the munificence of James Rankin, Esq., M.P. for Leominster, and Chief Steward of the City: it contains a Reading Room, Museum Room, Librarian's Apartments, and a room called the Woolhope Club-room, in which the celebrated Field Club known by that name holds its meetings. The Library consists of about 10,000 vols., and is divided into lending and reference 22 WALKS IN HEREFORD. libraries ; the books in the lending department are issued to persons for perusal in their own homes ; those in the reference library are only allowed to be used in the room. The Library contains, besides a valuable collection of local, topographical, and other books and MSS., a portrait of Velters Comewall, Esq., sometime M.P. for the City, by Gainsborough ; a portrait of the founder by Tbt/eedie, and a portrait of Joseph Hume ; in the Museum is a good collection of Silurian fossils and local birds, with some few local antiquities. Just beyond the Library, on the right hand, is King Street ; the first turning on the left in King Street, is Bridge Street, leading down to the Wye Bridge, from which, looking up the river, a beautiful view is obtained, with the distant range of the Black Mountains forming a background. The bark ricks near the bridge, on the right bank of the river, occupy the site of the old St. Martin's Church, demolished by the Scotch Army during the Parliamentarian struggle. Returning towards the City, at the foot of the bridge on the right hand side is Gwynne Street, so called because Nell Gwynne is said to have been born in one of the houses on the right hand side of the street. The turning on the left, at the top of Bridge Street, is St Nicholas' Street, leading to St. Nicholas' Church, which was re-built here in 1842. On the bank of the river, and facing St. Nicholas' Church, is a large brick building called the Friars, which occupies the site of a Monastery of Grey Friars, from which the neighbourhood took its name. From the road leading from the Church to the Friars, a good view is obtained of the remains of the old City Walls. WALKS IN HEREFORD. 23 Proceeding along the Barton, and crossing the Railway Bridge over the Abergavenny and Newport Railway, the left hand road is taken, and after a few minutes' walk the Waterworks are reached. The view from this spot is very beautiful, embracing on the East, the Malvern and Woolhope Hills ; on the South, the range running from Ross to Mon- mouth, terminating in the Great Uoward ; on the West, the fine range of the Black Mountains, to their abrupt termination towards Hay ; and on the North, the bluff point of Ladylift, with its pine trees on top, the Radnor- shire Hills as a background, and the valley of the Wye stretching from the observer's feet. It is a view which should not on any account be missed. Returning from the Waterworks, the traveller should take the first turning on his left, and, on coming out into the main road, turn to the left again, when in a few minutes the Cemetery is reached ; passing through this, and coming out at the lodge gate, he will follow the road into White- cross Street, and from thence return along Eign Street to the City. THE CATHEDRAL. Tl I E original Cathedral Church of Hereford was doubt- less contemporary with the foundation of the See, the date of which is lost in antiquity, but it is deemed by Hcylin to be the most ancient Bishopric in England. Archbishop Usher states that one of its bishops attended a synod, which was held at Llandewibrefi in Cardiganshire, during the year 544, and the first mention of the Cathedral occurs about that time; for we learn that Geraint ap Erbin, who died about the year 542, founded a church at Hereford, or, as it was then termed, Caerffawydd. Although there i-- no doubt that a Bishop of Hereford was present at a conference held at Aust with St Augustine, yet no mention is made of the Cathedral until the time of Offa, when that l'rince — it is supposed — caused the body of Ethelbert, who was murdered at his palace of Sutton, to be removed from its first place of burial at Marden, to the Cathedral Church of Hereford, which See he endowed with a considerable quantity of land, in expiation of his crime. The Cathedral at this time was, however, a very humble one, as a few THE CATHEDRAL. 25 years later we read that Milfrid, King of Mercia, "moved by the renown of the miracles wrought at Hereford by God, for the sake of St. Ethelbert, sent abundance of money there, and began from the foundation, and perfected a superior church of stone." * This church must have been destroyed in some manner, as another chronicler, Simeon of Durham, copying from Turgot, the second prior of that place, about noo, says that Athelstan, Bishop of Hereford, died on the ioth of February, 1056, and that his body was entombed in the church he had constructed from the foundations ; he also says that at the capture of the City by the Welsh and Irish, under Griffith, Prince of Wales, " the great minster which Athelstan, the venerable Bishop, caused to be built, they plundered of relics and vestments." f The Chronicles of Jervaux, and Roger de Hoveden, also state that the church was burnt on this occasion. It is not known whether the church built by Milfrid gave place to the one by Athelstan, but both of them dis- appeared from the scene, to make way for the present — the fourth — Cathedral. Little seems to have been done towards the re-building of the sacred edifice until after the Norman Conquest, when William of Malmsbury relates that Robert de Losinga, or Lotharingia, the first Bishop of Hereford under the Norman Rule, A.D. 1079, built the church of Hereford in a long round shape, in imitation of the basilica of Aix-la-Chapelle. Little mention is made of it during the lives of the next three or four Bishops, but in the troublous and perilous times of Robert de Bethune, who ruled the See • 1 bronlcles of Jervaux. t Saxon Chronicle. 26 THE CATHEDRAL. from 1131 to 1 148, we find William of Wycumbe, who succeeded him as prior of Llanthony, relating that " he was buried in his own mother church, which he with great expense and solicitude completed." Since his death the building has been little altered in extent, the South Tran- sept, with the sacristy in the place of an aisle, having undergone less alteration than any other part. The North Transept contains but little of the old Norman work; the Norman tower itself has vanished (with the exception of the arches), and one of a later period taken its place. It is in the Nave, however, that the building has undergone the greatest alteration, owing to the fall of the western tower in 1 786 ; the main arches are still Norman, but the Triforium and Clerestory are of very weak and poor design; they were copied by YVyatt from those in the Choir. It is to William de Vere, who was Bishop from 1186 to 1 198, that the most important additions are attributed, the architecture of the whole of the South-East Transept and Lady Chapel, shewing that they were included in 'i^ plan. The Lady Chapel is one of the most perfect spe< i- mens of the architecture of De Vere's time, embracing as it does the pointed forms of that period, with the Chevrons of the Norman style. The whole of the East end of the Cathedral bears the impress of his design. This is evident from its basement and construction, the bases of the pillars, which were apparently designed for columnar shafts, the doors leading to the Vicars' Cloister and Crypt, and the string course below the North-East Transept. Beneath the Lady Chapel is situated the Crypt, formerly a Chapel dedicated to St. Anne, the mother of the Virgin THE CATHEDRAL. 27 Mary, of the date of which we have no information. It certainly must have been early, as traces of Norman or Saxon work may be seen here and there. Mention is first made of it in 1382, when a Chantry was founded in the Chapel of St. Anne "beneath the shrine of St. Thomas."* From the death of De Vere until the appointment of 1'eter de Aquablanca, little was done to the edifice; but to the hitter is generally attributed the reconstruction of the North Transept, from its similarity to work at Fountain's Abbey, and in Durham Cathedral, which was executed about the same time; also from the position of his tomb, which is so beautifully fitted and placed in the wall, and so much in character with the other part of the work, that it must have been built in there before his death. That the tomb is really that of Aquablanca there can be but little doubt, as Leland, who saw the Cathedral in the reign of Henry VIIL before anything had been disturbed, names it ; Symonds, Dingley, and Gougk, too, afterwards speak of it as being in the same place, where it is to this day. The best evidence of all, perhaps, is that given by the late Dean Merewetlur, who says that John de Aquablanca, Dean of Hereford, by his will, dated 1 3 1 9, directed that he should lie buried near his uncle; and, accordingly, there we find, side by side, the tomb of a Bishop and a Dean. Between the death of Aquablanca, and the accession of Swinfield to the See, A.D. 1287, the work he had planned seemed to have steadily progressed, the most notable addition, namely, the first bay of the beautiful North Porch, probably taking place during the time of Swinfield's friend and predecessor, St. Thomas de Cantilupe. •Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford, 28 THE CATHEDRAL. That the Cathedral was then again becoming very much in want of repair is known, because Peckham, Archbishop of Canterbury, granted indulgences of seventy days to anyone giving to it forty days' work. After Swinfield's death, Adam de Orleton was made Bishop, and he, with great energy, took steps to repair the fabric then falling to ruin, and obtained a bull from John XXII., granting the churches of Shinfield and Swallowfield for the use of the fabric, upon which the Dean and Chapter had already expended the large sum of twenty thousand marks. It is generally considered that the North Transept was included in this outlay, as the columns bear marks of having been pushed over soon after their construction. That the transept was not taken down its existence shows ; but the work remaining also shows that the whole of the aisle walls, and those of the South-East Transept, from the string course upwards, were re-built, and they are of the middle pointed style of that period. The South Transept was probably not finished until Charlton's time, nearly one hun- dred years later, when most likely the tower was completed, and the whole building, in its general outline, had much the same appearance that it now exhibits. Whether the spire, which was of timber covered with lead, was then finished, we have no means of determining; but probably it was, as about this time Hugo, the priest of St Martin's, in this city, covered the entire roof of the church with lead.* On the burial of Bishop Trevenant in the South Transept, in 1404, the whole of the end wall was taken down, and re-built with his tomb in it, above the tomb being inserted the fine *Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford. THE CATHEDRAL. 29 perpendicular window ; this example was followed soon after- wards, by the erection of a noble West window of six lights, which was destroyed at the fall of the tower. With what patience this work was pursued may be gathered from the fact that Lochard, the pnecentor, who began it, died in 1438, and it was not until 14S1 — 90, during the time of Dean Chaundeler, that the stained glass was filled in.* John Stanbury, Bishop of the Diocese, 1453 — 74, soon after built the beautiful little Chapel in the North Aisle, which bears his name. Bishop Audley, too, 1492 — 1502, " built a Chapel from the foundations, hard by the shrine of St. Thomas the Confessor, and in the same he founded a perpetual Chantry." f It is of two stories, with a stone screen in front, which partly fills the bay ; the upper portion probably was designed for his own use, when he wished to offer his devo- tions at the altar of the Virgin, and shrine of St. Thomas; the lower portion no doubt being used as a chapel for saying masses for the soul of the Bishop after his death. Bishop Booth was the last prelate who made any great addition to the edifice. In his time, the North Porch with parvyse over, received the addition of an outer porch of one bay. In the East buttress is a small doorway, and just above this doorway, in the moulding, are two shields, one bearing the Arms of Bishop Booth, and the other, those of Bishop Mayo, between which is an inscription in relief, "Anno Domini, IS J 9-" '1 n ' s doorway was long a puzzle to antiquaries, but the difficulty seems to be satisfactorily sohn I. Tlicie was a chapel outside the North Porch in the time of Edward III., t probably situated between the projection * Harl. MS. f Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Hereford. 3